ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The Ohio state tree is the buckeye. Which of these is a trait that is inherited by the buckeye tree in the reproduction process?
Answer: change in leaf color during the autumn season
Hypothesis: the offspring of the buckeye trees will inherit the trait of changing color in the autumn season
Supporting facts: sent1: vegetation means plants sent2: inherited trait is similar to inherited characteristic sent3: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent4: trait means property sent5: inherited characteristics can change over several generations sent6: fall / autumn has moderate temperatures / weather sent7: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent8: fall means autumn sent9: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent10: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent11: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent12: a deciduous tree 's leaves usually change color in the autumn season sent13: being deciduous is an inherited trait sent14: color is a property of an object / a material sent15: heredity is similar to inheritance sent16: a buckeye tree is a kind of deciduous tree sent17: an example of a seasonal change / adaptation is plants dying / becoming dormant in the winter sent18: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent19: annual means once per year sent20: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent21: a plant is a member of a plant species sent22: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent23: characteristic means property sent24: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent25: reproduction ensures the continuation of a plant or animal species
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] being deciduous is an inherited trait [AND] inherited trait is similar to inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: offspring will inherit the inherited trait of being deciduous from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a buckeye tree is a kind of deciduous tree [INFER] int2: the offspring of the buckeye tree will inherit the inherited trait of being deciduous from their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a deciduous tree 's leaves usually change color in the autumn season [INFER] int3: the offspring of the buckeye trees will inherit the trait of changing color in the autumn season
Question: Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices?
Answer: inherited characteristics
Hypothesis: a son can inherit the sound of voice from his father
Supporting facts: sent1: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent2: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent3: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent4: animals produce offspring sent5: when sound reaches the ear , that sound can be heard sent6: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent7: louder means higher / greater in volume sent8: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent9: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent10: inherited characteristics can change over several generations sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: newborn means just born sent13: a human is a kind of animal sent14: genes are made of dna sent15: genes contains genetic information sent16: a son is a kind of male offspring sent17: sound of voice is an inherited characteristic sent18: a boy is a kind of young male human sent19: talking is when a human produces sound to communicate sent20: heredity is similar to inheritance sent21: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent22: hearing is a kind of sense sent23: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic from parent to offspring sent24: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent25: a father is a kind of male parent
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound of voice is an inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic from parent to offspring [INFER] int1: offspring can inherit the sound of voice from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [AND] animals produce offspring [INFER] int2: the offspring of a human can inherit the sound of voice from their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a son is a kind of male offspring [AND] a father is a kind of male parent [INFER] int3: a son can inherit the sound of voice from his father
Question: How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?
Answer: sexual reproduction
Hypothesis: offspring can receive the ear shape, nose shape, and hair color from parents through sexaul reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: shape is a property of the appearance of an object sent2: freckles are an inherited characteristic sent3: animals are organisms sent4: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent5: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent6: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics sent7: offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction sent8: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent9: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent10: genes contains genetic information sent11: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent12: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent13: in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring sent14: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent15: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent16: the length of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent17: the length of the hair of an animal is an acquired characteristic sent18: ear is a kind of body part sent19: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent20: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent21: eye color is an inherited characteristic sent22: height is an inherited characteristic sent23: nose is a kind of body part sent24: hair is usually a part of animals sent25: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring [AND] offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction [INFER] int1: offspring receive genes for inherited characteristics from parents through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] ear is a kind of body part [AND] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: ear shape is a kind of inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [AND] nose is a kind of body part [INFER] int3: nose shape is a kind of inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] animals are organisms [AND] the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics [INFER] int4: the colors of parts of an animal are inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] hair is usually a part of animals [INFER] int5: hair color is a kind of inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: offspring can receive the ear shape, nose shape, and hair color from parents through sexaul reproduction
Question: An organism's traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent's offspring?
Answer: sperm or egg
Hypothesis: a mutation in sperm or egg of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring
Supporting facts: sent1: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent2: sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variation / naturally occurring variation in offspring / in a species sent3: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent4: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent5: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent6: producing is similar to causing sent7: sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity sent8: some animals have offspring by laying eggs sent9: genes contains genetic information sent10: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized sent11: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent12: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent13: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent14: to produce means to result in sent15: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent16: a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell sent17: a mutation in the sex cells of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring sent18: an egg cell is a kind of sex cell sent19: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent20: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent21: trait is a kind of genetic information sent22: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent23: trait means property sent24: genotype of an organism means the genes of an organism sent25: reproductive behavior is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell [AND] a mutation in the sex cells of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring [AND] an egg cell is a kind of sex cell [INFER] int1: a mutation in sperm or egg of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring
Question: The cows in a rancher's herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?
Answer: information in the cows' chromosomes
Hypothesis: the trait of producing large quantities of milk is passed down through the information in the cow's chromosomes
Supporting facts: sent1: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent2: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent3: producing large quantities of milk is an inherited trait for cows sent4: trait means property sent5: receive means get sent6: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent7: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent8: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent9: characteristic means property sent10: information is used to describe something sent11: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent12: where something comes from is a source of that something sent13: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent14: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent15: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent16: producing is similar to causing sent17: inherited trait is a kind of genetic trait sent18: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent19: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent20: cow is a kind of organism sent21: as the number of offspring an animal has increases , the number of offspring surviving will increase sent22: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent23: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent24: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent25: hereditary information is similar to genetic information
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring [AND] cow is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: information in a cow's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to the offspring [BECAUSE] inherited trait is a kind of genetic trait [AND] producing large quantities of milk is an inherited trait for cows [INFER] int2: producing large quantities of milk in a genetic trait for cows [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the trait of producing large quantities of milk is passed down through the information in the cow's chromosomes
Question: A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept?
Answer: selective breeding
Hypothesis: human breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size is an example of selective breeding
Supporting facts: sent1: hereditary information is similar to genetic information sent2: human are breeding german shepherd dogs to other smaller dogs sent3: a gene is a kind of unit of hereditary information sent4: selective breeding is when an organism receives selective genetic traits from its parents by human design sent5: to breed is similar to to reproduce sent6: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent7: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent8: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent9: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent10: genes contains genetic information sent11: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent12: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent13: the length of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent14: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent15: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent16: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent17: smaller dogs have genetic trait of smaller size sent18: natural selection is when organisms with beneficial traits survive competition to reproduce and pass their beneficial traits onto their offispring / the successive generation sent19: heredity is similar to inheritance sent20: selective means of selection sent21: the number of body parts of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent22: to produce means to result in sent23: selection means choosing sent24: the immature / young / baby form of a dog is called a puppy sent25: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] smaller dogs have genetic trait of smaller size [AND] human are breeding german shepherd dogs to other smaller dogs [INFER] int1: human are breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] selective breeding is when an organism receives selective genetic traits from its parents by human design [INFER] int2: human breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size is an example of selective breeding
Question: Some animals are very rare. For example, there are very few Siberian tigers. If the only Siberian tigers left are female, what will most likely happen?
Answer: The females will not be able to produce more Siberian tigers, and they will die out.
Hypothesis: siberian tigers are likely to go extinct
Supporting facts: sent1: two females cannot usually reproduce with each other sent2: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent3: cannot means not be able to sent4: to breed is similar to to reproduce sent5: sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variation / naturally occurring variation in offspring / in a species sent6: if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct sent7: the reproductive system is used for continuing the species sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: reproductive behavior is an inherited characteristic sent10: siberian tigers only have female tigers in the species sent11: to produce means to result in sent12: to attract females / males means to attract mates sent13: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent14: parents produce offspring sent15: if two organisms produce fertile offspring together then those two organisms belong to the same species sent16: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent17: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent18: to lack means to not have sent19: animals require fertilization to reproduce sent20: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent21: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent22: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent23: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent24: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent25: having a positive impact on reproduction increases the chance of reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] two females cannot usually reproduce with each other [AND] siberian tigers only have female tigers in the species [INFER] int1: all the siberian tigers in the species cannot reproduce [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct [INFER] int2: siberian tigers are likely to go extinct
Question: Which of the following is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction?
Answer: There is greater genetic variety in offspring.
Hypothesis: sexual reproduction has a positive impact on the genetic variation in offspring comparing to asexual reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: genetic variation is similar to trait variation sent2: genes are located on chromosomes sent3: asexual reproduction is not a source of genetic variation in offspring sent4: if something gains something from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent5: reproduction is a kind of process sent6: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent7: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an offspring 's survival sent10: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent11: sexual reproduction in animals is when egg / sperm join together sent12: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent13: variety is similar to diversity sent14: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent15: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent16: increase means more sent17: characteristic means property sent18: variety means different kinds / different types sent19: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent20: sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variatio in offspring sent21: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent22: trait means property sent23: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent24: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent25: genes contains genetic information
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variatio in offspring [AND] asexual reproduction is not a source of genetic variation in offspring [AND] genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an offspring 's survival [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction has a positive impact on the genetic variation in offspring comparing to asexual reproduction
Question: Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
Answer: The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.
Hypothesis: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents
Supporting facts: sent1: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent2: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent3: trait means property sent4: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent5: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent6: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent7: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent8: including means containing sent9: genes are a kind of genetic material sent10: where something comes from is a source of that something sent11: both means two sent12: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent13: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent14: offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction sent15: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent16: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent17: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent18: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent19: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent20: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent21: characteristic means property sent22: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent23: trait is a kind of genetic information sent24: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent25: in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reproduction produces / produce offspring [AND] sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction produces offspring [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction [AND] genes are a kind of genetic material [INFER] int2: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents