ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The range of all forms of radiant energy is called the
Answer: electromagnetic spectrum.
Hypothesis: all ranges of forms of radient energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent2: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent3: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent4: a type is synonymous with a kind sent5: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent6: including means containing sent7: a frequency of radient energy means a form of radient energy sent8: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent9: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent10: visible light is a kind of light sent11: radiation is a kind of process sent12: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent13: a range of a spectrum means a part of a spectrum sent14: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent15: spectrum means a range of colors sent16: a component of something means a part of that something sent17: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent18: where something comes from is a source of that something sent19: made up of means contains / made of sent20: composed of means made of sent21: category means kind sent22: all ranges of frequencies of radiant energy is called electromagnetic spectrum sent23: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent24: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent25: form means kind
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all ranges of frequencies of radiant energy is called electromagnetic spectrum [AND] a frequency of radient energy means a form of radient energy [INFER] int1: all ranges of forms of radient energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum
Question: Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light?
Answer: speed and frequency
Hypothesis: speed and frequency can be used to describe the properties of a light wave and a particle of light
Supporting facts: sent1: light means light energy sent2: similar means in common sent3: wavelength is a property of wave sent4: a property is a kind of information sent5: can be means able to be sent6: motion / movement means moving / to move sent7: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent8: to change into means to form sent9: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent10: a particle of light is a kind of object sent11: light waves travel as transverse waves sent12: both means two sent13: made up of means contains / made of sent14: faster means an increase / higher in speed sent15: a description sometimes provides information sent16: composed of means made of sent17: frequency is a property of a wave / a particle of light / an event sent18: speed is a property of a wave or an object sent19: characteristic means property sent20: visible light is a kind of light sent21: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent22: light is a kind of wave sent23: in common is similar to the same sent24: fast means quickly sent25: light is a kind of nonliving thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a particle of light is a kind of object [AND] speed is a property of a wave or an object [AND] light is a kind of wave [INFER] int1: speed is a property of the light wave and a particle of light [BECAUSE] frequency is a property of a wave / a particle of light / an event [AND] light is a kind of wave [INFER] int2: frequency is a property of the light wave and a particle of light [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: speed and frequency can be used to describe the properties of a light wave and a particle of light
Question: A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because
Answer: light energy can be reflected from one object to another
Hypothesis: if the mirror reflects light toward another girl's eye, then the other girl will see the light
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent2: a mirror reflects light sent3: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent4: transmitance is when a wave goes through / transmits through a surface and travels in the same direction relative to the angle of incidence sent5: visible light is a kind of light sent6: if an object is opaque , then light will not shine through that object sent7: if something is received on a location then that something can be observed on that location sent8: sight means vision sent9: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent10: as the light reflected off of an object increases , the object will appear to be brighter sent11: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent12: waves can travel through matter sent13: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent14: sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity / electric current to flow through that conductor sent15: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent16: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent17: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent18: to reflect light means to scatter light sent19: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent20: a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror sent21: sensing a warning means receiving a warning sent22: if the energy is reflected before being absorbed , then the energy will be lost sent23: if something moves then that something is in a different location sent24: if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light sent25: a flashlight emits light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror [AND] a flashlight emits light [INFER] int1: when a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror, light will shine on the mirror [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a mirror reflects light [INFER] int2: when a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror, the light will be reflected by the mirror [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [INFER] int3: if the mirror reflects light toward another girl's eye, then the other girl will see the light
Question: Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
Answer: white
Hypothesis: a white colored shirt will reflect all visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: a shirt is a kind of object sent2: sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow sent3: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent4: to be in the sun means to be in the sunlight sent5: white light is made of all colors of visible light combined sent6: white is a kind of color sent7: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent8: sunshine means sunlight sent9: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent10: sunlight means solar energy sent11: the sun transfers solar energy / light energy / heat energy from itself to the planets / earth through sunlight sent12: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent13: if an object / a substance / a location absorbs solar energy then that object / that substance will increase in temperature sent14: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent15: non-black objects absorb less amount of sunlight than black objects sent16: the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight sent17: rays of the sun means sunlight sent18: sunlight can shine through a window sent19: if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light sent20: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent21: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent22: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent23: temperature change do not change the color of the object sent24: black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight sent25: if an object is blue then that object reflects only blue light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a shirt is a kind of object [AND] white is a kind of color [INFER] int1: a white shirt is white in color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light [INFER] int2: a white colored shirt will reflect all visible light
Question: When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is
Answer: reflected.
Hypothesis: when light wave hits a mirror, the light wave will be reflected
Supporting facts: sent1: colliding is a kind of touching sent2: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent3: visible means able to be seen sent4: metals are reflective in opacity sent5: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent6: waves can travel through matter sent7: polished metal has shiny surface sent8: motion / movement means moving / to move sent9: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent10: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent11: damage means harm sent12: a surface is a part of a material sent13: visible light is a kind of light sent14: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent15: light is a kind of wave sent16: reflection is a kind of process sent17: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent18: a mirror is a kind of reflective object sent19: bouncing something back means reflecting that something sent20: to reflect light means to scatter light sent21: light means light energy sent22: luster is a property of an object / a material and includes ordered values of dull / shiny sent23: colliding means coming into a collision sent24: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent25: hitting something causes harm to that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of wave [AND] when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object [INFER] int1: when light wave hits a reflective object, the light wave bounces off that object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [INFER] int2: when light wave hits a reflective object, the light wave is reflected [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a mirror is a kind of reflective object [INFER] int3: when light wave hits a mirror, the light wave will be reflected
Question: A shiny aluminum screen can be placed on the windshield of a parked car. This screen helps to keep the car cool because it
Answer: reflects the sunlight
Hypothesis: cars with a shiny aluminum screen can stay cool by reflecting the sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent2: sunlight is a kind of light sent3: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent4: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent5: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent6: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent7: a shiny aluminum screen is placed on the car sent8: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight sent9: cars are parked outside during the day sent10: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent11: metals are made of metal sent12: a surface is a part of an object sent13: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent14: if an object does not absorb the sunlight, then the object can stay cool sent15: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent16: if light is reflected, then the light is not absorbed sent17: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent18: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent19: if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm sent20: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from warmer objects / hotter objects to cooler objects sent21: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent22: polished metal has shiny surface sent23: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor sent24: shiny things reflect light sent25: cool means cold
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [AND] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [INFER] int1: if something is outside during the day then that something will be heated by absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cars are parked outside during the day [INFER] int2: cars parked outside will be heated by absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int3: cars parked outside will be heated by absorbing light [BECAUSE] shiny things reflect light [AND] a shiny aluminum screen is placed on the car [INFER] int4: a shiny aluminum screen on a car will reflect light away from the car [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [AND] if light is reflected, then the light is not absorbed [INFER] int5: cars with a shiny aluminum screen will reflect the sunlight and not absorb the sunlight [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if an object does not absorb the sunlight, then the object can stay cool [INFER] int6: cars with a shiny aluminum screen can stay cool by reflecting the sunlight
Question: What type of energy travels through the body of a microscope that allows the specimen to be seen by a student?
Answer: light
Hypothesis: the light energy allows the student to see the specimen through the microscope
Supporting facts: sent1: studying something usually requires seeing that something sent2: seeing requires light sent3: light enters the eye through the pupil sent4: a student can see the specimen through a microscope sent5: a retina is part of an eye for sensing light sent6: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent7: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent8: visible light is a kind of light sent9: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent10: visible means able to be seen sent11: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent12: viewing means observing light sent13: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent14: waves can travel through matter sent15: observe means see sent16: visible light can be seen without using equipment sent17: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent18: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent19: solar energy is a kind of light sent20: when light enters the eye through the pupil , that light falls on the retina sent21: light rays means light sent22: light is a kind of energy sent23: sight means vision sent24: sunlight is a kind of light sent25: sight means to see
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seeing requires light [AND] light is a kind of energy [INFER] int1: seeing requires light energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else [INFER] int2: light energy allows things to be seen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a student can see the specimen through a microscope [INFER] int3: the light energy allows the student to see the specimen through the microscope
Question: Light sometimes behaves as waves and other times as particles. Which property of light is equally explainable by treating light as either particles or waves?
Answer: reflection of light
Hypothesis: light can be seen as both particles and waves
Supporting facts: sent1: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent2: colliding means coming into a collision sent3: below is the opposite of above sent4: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent5: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent6: light rays means light sent7: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent8: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent9: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent10: observe means see sent11: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent12: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent13: both means two sent14: light means light energy sent15: reflection is a kind of property sent16: colliding is a kind of touching sent17: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent18: to reflect light means to scatter light sent19: motion / movement means moving / to move sent20: visible light is a kind of light sent21: a physical property is a kind of property sent22: reflection is a property of light sent23: similar means in common sent24: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent25: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reflection is a kind of property [AND] reflection is when particles bounce off a surface [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [INFER] int1: both particles and waves have the property of reflection [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] reflection is a property of light [INFER] int2: light can be seen as both particles and waves
Question: Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?
Answer: objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them
Hypothesis: the object will be seen easier if it reflects more light
Supporting facts: sent1: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent2: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent3: if something is outside during the day , then that something will reflect enough light to be seen sent4: if an object is opaque , then light will not shine through that object sent5: sight is a kind of sense sent6: the eyes are part of the head used for seeing sent7: shadow of an object can be seen by eyes sent8: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent9: look at means observe sent10: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent11: to reflect light means to scatter light sent12: a retina is part of an eye for sensing light sent13: visible light is a kind of light sent14: sight means vision sent15: a surface is a part of an object sent16: looking is similar to observing sent17: if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen sent18: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent19: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent20: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent21: the occurance of shadow requires the presence of light sent22: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent23: visible means able to be seen sent24: sight means to see sent25: to see means to look
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen [AND] light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer [INFER] int1: the object will be seen easier if it reflects more light
Question: Which of these objects is visible because it reflects light toward the eye?
Answer: shiny metallic balloon
Hypothesis: the shiny metallic balloon is visible because it reflects light
Supporting facts: sent1: a balloon is a kind of object sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: to see means to look sent4: a mirror reflects light sent5: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent6: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent7: shiny objects reflect light sent8: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent9: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent10: sight means to see sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: light rays can have a negative impact on the eyes sent13: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent14: characteristic means property sent15: a surface is a part of an object sent16: light means light energy sent17: look at means observe sent18: a ballon has a shiny metallic appearance sent19: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent20: light rays means light sent21: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent22: the eyes are part of the head used for seeing sent23: sight means vision sent24: toward is a kind of direction sent25: to reflect light means to scatter light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a balloon is a kind of object [AND] a ballon has a shiny metallic appearance [INFER] int1: a shiny metallic balloon is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] shiny objects reflect light [INFER] int2: the shiny metallic balloon is an object that reflects light [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer [INFER] int3: the shiny metallic balloon is visible because it reflects light
Question: Which pair together could cause a rainbow?
Answer: Sunshine and rain
Hypothesis: sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow
Supporting facts: sent1: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent2: sunlight is a kind of light sent3: color is a property of an object / a material sent4: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent5: light rays means light sent6: where something comes from is a source of that something sent7: sunlight means solar energy sent8: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent9: refracting light causes light to split into different colors sent10: bright means a lot of light sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent13: to cause means to make sent14: light means light energy sent15: pair means two sent16: more water droplets are present in the air after the rain sent17: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent18: spectrum means a range of colors sent19: water droplets scatter light sent20: seeing requires light sent21: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors sent22: visible light is a kind of light sent23: light refracts when it passes through water droplets sent24: both means two sent25: light is a kind of wave
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] more water droplets are present in the air after the rain [AND] light refracts when it passes through water droplets [INFER] int1: light is more easily to be refracted after the rain [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] refracting light causes light to split into different colors [INFER] int2: light is more easily to be split into different colors after the rain [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors [INFER] int3: a rainbow is more easily to be formed after the rain through light refraction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int4: sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow