ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which tool is best used to collect information about the weather?
Answer: thermometer
Hypothesis: a thermometer is used to measure the information about weather on temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: heat has a great / big impact on weather sent2: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent3: weather is a measure of the condition of the air in a place at a certain time sent4: a thermometer is used to measure temperature sent5: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent6: observe means see sent7: degrees celsius ( c ) is a metric unit used for measuring temperature generally used for values between -273 and 50000000 sent8: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent9: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent10: information is used to describe something sent11: observations / data are a part of the results of an experiment sent12: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring sent13: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent14: to collect means to gather sent15: recording data is similar to showing data sent16: useful means able to be used sent17: worldwide temperature means atmospheric temperature sent18: to observe means to gather information sent19: a property is a kind of information sent20: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent21: degrees kelvin ( k ) is an si unit used for measuring temperature generally used for values between 0 and 50000000 sent22: temperature is a property of weather sent23: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent24: property is similar to measurement sent25: air temperature is a kind of temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a property is a kind of information [AND] temperature is a property of weather [INFER] int1: temperature is a kindof information about weather [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a thermometer is used to measure temperature [INFER] int2: a thermometer is used to measure the information about weather on temperature
Question: A large cold front is moving past the school on a hot, humid summer day. Which best describes the type of weather as the cold front passes by?
Answer: A thunderstorm
Hypothesis: the weather will change from hot and humid to having thunderstorms at the school
Supporting facts: sent1: cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by sent2: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent3: a thunderstorm can cause a tornado sent4: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent5: the weather at school is hot and humid sent6: rainfall means precipitation sent7: moisture is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of dry / humid sent8: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent9: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent10: water vapor condensing in clouds causes rain sent11: an area receiving rain means rain falling in that area sent12: sunlight produces heat sent13: clouds produce precipitation sent14: a large cold front is moving past the school sent15: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent16: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent17: lightning is a kind of weather phenomenon sent18: thunderstorm / hurricane formation is when air moves to the center of the storm and rises into the atmosphere sent19: a storm is usually a source of strong winds sent20: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent21: rainfall means the amount of precipitation sent22: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent23: amount of sunlight causes changing weather patterns sent24: clouds produce rain sent25: precipitation is when rain / snow / hail fall from clouds to the earth / ground
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by [AND] a large cold front is moving past the school [INFER] int1: the large cold front passing the school will cause thunderstorms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the weather at school is hot and humid [INFER] int2: the weather will change from hot and humid to having thunderstorms at the school
Question: Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed?
Answer: anemometer
Hypothesis: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed
Supporting facts: sent1: an anemometer is used to measure wind speed sent2: to measure means to calculate sent3: meters / centimeters / kilometers are used to describe distance / describe length sent4: a measurement is a kind of data sent5: wind means moving air sent6: increase means more sent7: measuring is used for describing an object sent8: an anemometer is a kind of instrument sent9: speed is a measure of how fast the wave passes the medium sent10: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent11: data means information sent12: a speedometer is used for giving a driver feedback on the speed of their vehicle sent13: fast means quickly sent14: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent15: measuring is a kind of observing sent16: an example of collecting data is measuring sent17: instrument means tool sent18: faster means increased rate sent19: an instrument is a piece of equipment sent20: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent21: instrument means device sent22: wind carries / transports sand / dirt from one place to another place sent23: speed up means increase sent24: determining often requires measuring / observing sent25: wind is a kind of airflow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an anemometer is used to measure wind speed [AND] an anemometer is a kind of instrument [INFER] int1: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed
Question: On a cold, cloudy day, the local weather forecaster predicts that a high-pressure system will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which weather conditions will this system most likely bring to the area?
Answer: sunny
Hypothesis: high pressure systems can cause sunny weather
Supporting facts: sent1: front is a property of weather and includes unordered values of warm front / cold front / stationary front / occluded front sent2: preparing for a storm requires predicting the occurrence of that storm sent3: high means a lot of something sent4: hours are a kind of unit for measuring time sent5: clouds block sunlight from reaching the ground sent6: moisture is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of dry / humid sent7: area is similar to location sent8: 1 day is equal to 24 hours sent9: sunshine means sunlight sent10: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent11: weather forecast means weather prediction sent12: to be in the sun means to be in the sunlight sent13: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent14: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent15: clouds produce precipitation sent16: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent17: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent18: clear weather means sunny / not cloudy / not rainy weather sent19: high pressure systems cause clear weather sent20: amount of sunlight causes changing weather patterns sent21: being around something means surrounding that something sent22: united states is located in the northern hemisphere sent23: when a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun , that hemisphere receives less direct sunlight sent24: predicting weather requires studying weater sent25: weather is a measure of the condition of the air in a place at a certain time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] clear weather means sunny / not cloudy / not rainy weather [AND] high pressure systems cause clear weather [INFER] int1: high pressure systems can cause sunny weather
Question: Which type of activity would most likely be included on a weather map?
Answer: hurricane
Hypothesis: a hurricane will be shown on a weather map
Supporting facts: sent1: area is similar to location sent2: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent3: area / space is a kind of resource sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent6: front is a property of weather and includes unordered values of warm front / cold front / stationary front / occluded front sent7: a weather map is a map showing the weather for an area sent8: a storm is a source of precipitation sent9: weather is a measure of the condition of the air in a place at a certain time sent10: category means kind sent11: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent12: including means containing sent13: most means over 50% of something sent14: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent15: often is similar to likely sent16: made up of means contains / made of sent17: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent18: a weather report describes weather sent19: data means information sent20: variable means able to change sent21: hurricanes usually happen between june and november in the northern hemisphere sent22: contains means located in sent23: hurricane is a kind of severe weather sent24: weather forecast means weather prediction sent25: to be made of is similar to collection
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] hurricane is a kind of severe weather [AND] a weather map is a map showing the weather for an area [INFER] int1: a hurricane will be shown on a weather map
Question: Which information is used in a station model?
Answer: wind direction in a particular point and time
Hypothesis: wind direction in a particular point and time is displayed in a station model
Supporting facts: sent1: measuring requires reading a measurement sent2: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent3: determining often requires measuring / observing sent4: meters / centimeters / kilometers are used to describe distance / describe length sent5: something is used for that something 's purpose sent6: direction is similar to instruction sent7: where something comes from is a source of that something sent8: variable means able to change sent9: wind means moving air sent10: contains means located in sent11: data means information sent12: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent13: wind direction is a property of weather sent14: can be means able to be sent15: a station model is used for displaying information about weather in a particular point and time sent16: motion / movement means moving / to move sent17: including means containing sent18: make means produce sent19: approximately means about sent20: getting information sometimes requires observing / observation sent21: a property is a kind of information sent22: generally means usually sent23: an example of collecting data is measuring sent24: a description sometimes provides information sent25: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wind direction is a property of weather [AND] a property is a kind of information [INFER] int1: wind direction is a kind of information about weather [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a station model is used for displaying information about weather in a particular point and time [INFER] int2: wind direction in a particular point and time is displayed in a station model
Question: Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?
Answer: Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.
Hypothesis: transpiration of plants is a stage in the water cycle process by moving water vapor from plants to atmosphere
Supporting facts: sent1: transpiration is when water vapor moves from plants into the atmosphere sent2: plants control the amount of water in their leaves through transpiration sent3: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent4: transpiration is a stage in the water cycle process sent5: studying is similar to investigating sent6: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent7: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent8: making a valid conclusion in an investigation requires collecting relevant evidence sent9: examining sometimes requires measuring sent10: including means containing sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: a plant requires water to grow sent13: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent14: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent15: purpose means role sent16: a step in a process means a stage in a process sent17: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent18: role is similar to importance sent19: to study means to examine sent20: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent21: part means role sent22: water is a part of an environment sent23: water is a kind of water phase sent24: to be required means to be necessary sent25: water is a kind of natural resource
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] transpiration is when water vapor moves from plants into the atmosphere [AND] transpiration is a stage in the water cycle process [INFER] int1: transpiration of plants is a stage in the water cycle process by moving water vapor from plants to atmosphere
Question: Which effect do rapidly cooling temperatures have on the water cycle?
Answer: Water vapor condenses into droplets.
Hypothesis: water vapor cooling causes that water vapor to condense into liquid water
Supporting facts: sent1: water vapor is rapidly cooled sent2: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent3: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent4: rapidly means quickly sent5: heating means adding heat sent6: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent7: beads of water are formed by water vapor condensing sent8: water is in the gas state , called water vapor sent9: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent10: water is a kind of substance sent11: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent12: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent13: condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent14: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent15: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent16: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent17: cooler means colder sent18: condensation causes clouds to form sent19: temperature drop means cooling sent20: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent21: water is in the liquid state, called liquid water sent22: cooling means temperature decreases sent23: fast means quickly sent24: quickly means in a short period of time sent25: air temperature is a kind of temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int1: water condensing means water changes from a gas to a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the liquid state, called liquid water [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor [INFER] int2: water condensing means water changes from water vapor to liquid water by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] cooling means temperature decreases [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: cooling means decreasing in heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] water vapor is rapidly cooled [INFER] int4: water vapor cooling causes that water vapor to condense into liquid water
Question: Which of these could cause water vapor to condense into rain droplets?
Answer: air rising into colder regions of the atmosphere
Hypothesis: air rising into a colder region will cause the water vapor to condense into rain droplets
Supporting facts: sent1: condensing is when gasses are cooled below their boiling point sent2: dew is formed when water vapor condenses / cools over night sent3: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing into rain droplets sent4: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent5: condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent6: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent7: air is rising to a colder region sent8: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent9: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent10: water is a kind of substance sent11: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent12: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent13: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent14: raining is when rain falls from clouds to the earth / ground as a liquid sent15: a droplet is a kind of little drop sent16: rainfall means precipitation sent17: atmosphere means air sent18: water is in the liquid state, called liquid water sent19: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent20: temperature drop means become colder sent21: lower is similar to decreasing sent22: water is in the gas state , called water vapor sent23: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent24: clouds produce precipitation sent25: colder means lower in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lower is similar to decreasing [AND] colder means lower in temperature [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int1: colder means a decrease in heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] air is rising to a colder region [INFER] int2: the heat energy of the air will decrease when air is rising to a colder region [BECAUSE] atmosphere means air [AND] water vapor is found in the atmosphere [INFER] int3: air contains water vapor [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the water vapor in air will decrease in heat energy when air is rising to a colder region [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int5: water condensing is when water changing from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] water is in the liquid state, called liquid water [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor [INFER] int6: water condensing is when water changing from water vapor into liquid water by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: air rising into a colder region will cause the water vapor in air to condense [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing into rain droplets [INFER] int8: air rising into a colder region will cause the water vapor to condense into rain droplets
Question: Which process in the water cycle returns water from the surface of Earth to the atmosphere?
Answer: evaporation
Hypothesis: evaporation will transfer the water in bodies of water on the surface of earth back into the air
Supporting facts: sent1: atmospheric means of the atmosphere sent2: air is a part of the environment sent3: earth has air sent4: an example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by absorbing heat energy sent5: water exists in liquid / solid / gas state on earth sent6: bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth sent7: a body of water contains water sent8: global warming is when worldwide temperature increases sent9: in the water cycle , condensation always follows evaporation sent10: absorbing something from the air means removing that something from earth 's atmosphere sent11: solar energy is a kind of heat energy sent12: solar energy can warm up the air sent13: earth contains water / ice / (steam, water vapor) sent14: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent15: sunlight means solar energy sent16: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent17: as the surface area of a body of water increases , evaporation of that body of water will increase sent18: the atmosphere is a part of nature / the environment sent19: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent20: evaporation is when water is drawn back up into the air in the water cycle sent21: air is a kind of gas sent22: in the water cycle , evaporation always follows collection in bodies of water sent23: the atmosphere of a planet holds heat sent24: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent25: the sun causes water to evaporate more quickly by adding heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] evaporation is when water is drawn back up into the air in the water cycle [AND] in the water cycle , evaporation always follows collection in bodies of water [AND] bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth [INFER] int1: evaporation will transfer the water in bodies of water on the surface of earth back into the air