ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which behavior is a learned behavior?
Answer: eating with a fork
Hypothesis: using a fork to eat is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent2: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent3: instruction is a kind of information sent4: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent5: being able to read is a kind of skill sent6: an animal is a kind of consumer sent7: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent8: food is what an animal eats sent9: conditioned behavior is a kind of learned behavior sent10: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent11: using tools is a learned characteristic sent12: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent13: desserts usually have less nutrients than other food sent14: a utensil is a kind of tool for eating sent15: a person is a kind of animal sent16: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent17: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent18: cooking is a kind of skill for preparing food sent19: a food preference is a kind of preference sent20: to eat means to consume food sent21: food contains nutrients for living things sent22: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent23: trait means property sent24: often humans discard appliances after using those appliances sent25: a fork is a kind of utensil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a utensil is a kind of tool for eating [AND] a fork is a kind of utensil [INFER] int1: a fork is a kind of tool for eating [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] using tools is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: using a fork to eat is a kind of learned characteristic
Question: Which example describes a learned behavior in a dog?
Answer: sitting on command
Hypothesis: a dog sitting on command is a learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: animals sitting on command is an example of animals following order sent2: role means function sent3: can be means able to be sent4: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent5: the ability to do means be able to do sent6: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent7: characteristic means property sent8: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent9: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent10: instruction is a kind of information sent11: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent12: to be characterized by a property means to have that property sent13: something is used for that something 's purpose sent14: a demonstration is similar to an example sent15: doing something more is a kind of conditioned behavior sent16: action means activity sent17: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent18: role is similar to importance sent19: can means having the ability to sent20: a dog is a kind of animal sent21: following orders is a learned characteristic sent22: purpose means role sent23: some dogs are trained to bark / to scratch at the door when they want to go outside sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: actions mean behavior
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals sitting on command is an example of animals following order [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a dog sitting on command is an example of a dog following order [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: a dog sitting on command is a learned characteristic
Question: A baby horse will inherit all of these traits from its parents except
Answer: preferred food.
Hypothesis: food preference is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent2: personality is an acquired characteristic sent3: ability is a kind of characteristic sent4: a food preference is a kind of preference sent5: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent6: food is what an animal eats sent7: selection means choosing sent8: heredity is similar to inheritance sent9: if a trait is chosen , then the trait is desirable sent10: an animal is a member of an animal species sent11: inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics sent12: generally means usually sent13: opposite is a kind of different sent14: a learned characteristic is a kind of acquired characteristic sent15: both means two sent16: except means not sent17: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent18: characteristic means property sent19: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have / to express that recessive trait sent20: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent21: trait means property sent22: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent23: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent24: negative impact is the opposite of positive impact sent25: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] preferences are generally learned characteristics [AND] a food preference is a kind of preference [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int2: learned characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: food preference is not inherited from parents
Question: Which characteristic is not an inherited trait?
Answer: personality
Hypothesis: personality is an acquired characteristic that is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: certain is similar to specific sent2: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent3: a type is synonymous with a kind sent4: characteristic means property sent5: if something changes , then that something is not the same sent6: personality is an acquired characteristic sent7: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent8: the condition of parts of an organism are acquired characteristics sent9: different is the opposite of the same sent10: to lack means to not have sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: able is the opposite of unable sent13: to be characterized by a property means to have that property sent14: except means not sent15: rarely means not sent16: person is synonymous with human sent17: human is similar to individual sent18: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent19: trait means property sent20: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent21: ability is a kind of characteristic sent22: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent23: phenotype of an organism means the visible traits of an organism sent24: not is similar to the opposite of sent25: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [INFER] int1: acquired characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] personality is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int2: personality is an acquired characteristic that is not inherited from parents
Question: Genes are unable to determine a person's
Answer: athletic ability.
Hypothesis: genes are unable to determind the atheletic ability of a person
Supporting facts: sent1: personality is an acquired characteristic sent2: trait is a kind of genetic information sent3: exercise means physical fitness sent4: human is similar to individual sent5: the intelligence of animals is an acquired characteristic sent6: an animal requires stamina / cardiovascular efficiency to succeed at physical activities sent7: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent8: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent9: exercising causes the body to become stronger sent10: trait means property sent11: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent12: skills often require practice sent13: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent14: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent15: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an organism 's / offspring 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent16: atheletic ability is a kind of acquired characteristics sent17: a person is a kind of living thing sent18: body weight is a generally acquired characteristic sent19: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics sent20: performance is similar to ability sent21: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent22: jogging is similar to running sent23: exercise is a kind of physical activity sent24: a learned characteristic is a kind of acquired characteristic sent25: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int1: genes are unable to determine the acquired characteristics of a living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] atheletic ability is a kind of acquired characteristics [AND] a person is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: genes are unable to determind the atheletic ability of a person
Question: A research scientist repeatedly observes a bird avoiding a specific butterfly species even  though it eats other types of butterflies. Which statement most likely explains the behavior of the bird?
Answer: The behavior is learned over the lifetime of the bird.
Hypothesis: birds learn to avoid a specific kind of butterfly over their lifetime
Supporting facts: sent1: birds avoid a specific kind of butterfly sent2: a butterfly is a kind of animal sent3: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent4: avoiding is similar to preventing sent5: if an animal is trained to do something then that something is a learned behavior sent6: avoiding means doing something less sent7: avoiding predators / escaping predators / avoiding consumers is a kind of protection sent8: a learned characteristic is a kind of acquired characteristic sent9: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent10: conditioned behavior is a kind of learned behavior sent11: a predator avoiding some types of prey is a learned behavior sent12: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent13: birds eat butterflies sent14: actions mean behavior sent15: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent16: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent17: eating a monarch butterfly causes a predator to become sick sent18: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent19: learning / studying information causes one to know that information sent20: an animal is a kind of consumer sent21: avoiding is a kind of defense sent22: a bird is a kind of animal sent23: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent24: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent25: animal instinct means instinctive behavior
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a butterfly is a kind of animal [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: birds and butterflies are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] birds eat butterflies [AND] if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator [INFER] int2: birds are predator to butterflies [BECAUSE] a butterfly is a kind of animal [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: birds and butterflies are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] birds eat butterflies [AND] if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey [INFER] int4: butterflies are prey to birds [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [AND] birds avoid a specific kind of butterfly [INFER] int5: birds avoiding a specific kind of butterfly is an example of a predator avoiding some types of prey [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a predator avoiding some types of prey is a learned behavior [INFER] int6: birds avoiding a specific kind of butterfly is a learned behavior [BECAUSE] a bird is a kind of animal [AND] learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal [INFER] int7: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of a bird [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: birds learn to avoid a specific kind of butterfly over their lifetime
Question: Traits are transferred from generation to generation through the
Answer: sperm and the egg
Hypothesis: traits are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm
Supporting facts: sent1: eggs become baby animals sent2: reproduction occurs during adulthood sent3: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent4: sexual reproduction in animals is when egg / sperm join together sent5: a child is a kind of young human sent6: a baby is a kind of young animal sent7: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized sent8: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent9: genes determine the traits for the living things sent10: some animals have offspring by laying eggs sent11: a son is a kind of male offspring sent12: where something comes from is a source of that something sent13: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent14: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents sent15: in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring sent16: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent17: if something is passed down to something else then that something else receives that something sent18: transferring is similar to supplying sent19: genes are similar to genetic material sent20: an animal requires a mate to fertilize an egg sent21: in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring sent22: sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity sent23: the ovaries are used in reproduction sent24: transferring is similar to giving sent25: a baby means the offspring of a parent
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents [AND] genes are similar to genetic material [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genes from both parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring [AND] in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring [INFER] int2: genes are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] genes determine the traits for the living things [INFER] int3: traits are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm
Question: In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of
Answer: genes
Hypothesis: traits can be determined by one or many pairs of genes in human
Supporting facts: sent1: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent2: according to is similar to be determined by sent3: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent4: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent5: a kind of something is an example of that something sent6: trait means property sent7: both means two sent8: how many means what number sent9: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent10: genes are made of dna sent11: an organism is a living thing sent12: an animal is a member of an animal species sent13: humans are a kind of organism sent14: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent15: can means having the ability to sent16: pair means two sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent19: the brain is a part of the body sent20: person is synonymous with human sent21: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent22: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent23: can be means able to be sent24: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent25: genetics is a part of biology
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans are a kind of organism [AND] traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism [INFER] int1: traits can be determined by one or many pairs of genes in human
Question: Tigers and household cats are members of the same family; however, their sizes are vastly different. What is the cause of this difference?
Answer: genetics
Hypothesis: genetic difference in tigers and cats determines the difference in size
Supporting facts: sent1: the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic sent2: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent3: genetic variation is similar to trait variation sent4: a jaguar is a kind of big cat sent5: the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic sent6: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent7: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent8: the length of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent9: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent10: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent11: tigers and household cats are different species sent12: inherited characteristics can change over several generations sent13: if two or more organisms have similar characteristics then those organisms might share a common ancestor sent14: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent15: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent16: hereditary information is similar to genetic information sent17: different species of organisms have different inherited characteristics sent18: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent19: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an organism 's / offspring 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent20: a gene is a kind of unit of hereditary information sent21: the number of body parts of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent22: heredity is similar to inheritance sent23: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent24: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent25: an inherited characteristic is a kind of characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different species of organisms have different inherited characteristics [AND] the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: different species of organisms will have different inherited characteristics in size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int2: different species of organisms have different genes determining the size [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] tigers and household cats are different species [INFER] int3: genetic difference in tigers and cats determines the difference in size
Question: Which of these determines whether a fertilized egg develops into a toad, a snake, or a lizard?
Answer: the genes of the egg
Hypothesis: the genes of toad, snake, and lizard determine their species
Supporting facts: sent1: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent2: different kinds of animal belong to different type of species sent3: a snake is a kind of animal sent4: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an organism 's / offspring 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent5: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent6: if members of a species are born / survive then the population of that species increases sent7: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent8: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent9: as the ability of a living thing to survive / to reproduce increases , the likelihood of passing on its traits to its decendents will increase sent10: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent11: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent12: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent13: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent14: determining the type of an organism requires having information about that organism sent15: toad is a kind of animal sent16: species is an inherited characteristic sent17: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent18: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent19: if an organism produces a substance then that organism has a gene that controls the production of that substance sent20: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have / to express that recessive trait sent21: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent22: a lizard is a kind of animal sent23: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent24: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent25: adaptations are used for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [AND] species is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: genes are able to determine the species of a living thing [BECAUSE] toad is a kind of animal [AND] different kinds of animal belong to different type of species [AND] a lizard is a kind of animal [AND] a snake is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: toad, snake, and lizard are different species [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the genes of toad, snake, and lizard determine their species