ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which is an example of substances reacting chemically?
Answer: iron and oxygen forming rust
Hypothesis: iron in contact with water and oxygen is an example of chemical reactions
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactivity is a property of elements and includes ordered values of reactive / unreactive sent2: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent3: to convert means to change sent4: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent5: to be formed by is to be the result of sent6: to cause means to have an effect sent7: forming is similar to converting sent8: form means kind sent9: to make means to form sent10: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent11: being derived from is similar to being formed sent12: iron in contact with water and oxygen will rust sent13: to change into means to form sent14: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent15: products are formed / are produced / are created sent16: to cause the formation of means to form sent17: both means two sent18: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent19: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent20: rusting means forming rust sent21: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent22: forming something is a kind of change sent23: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent24: forming is a kind of action sent25: chemical reactions cause chemical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] iron in contact with water and oxygen will rust [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int1: iron in contact with water and oxygen causes a chemical change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int2: iron in contact with water and oxygen is an example of chemical reactions
Question: If 100 grams of vinegar and 5 grams of baking soda are poured in a container, a small amount of gas will be produced. What will the final mass of the products be if the gas is trapped in the container?
Answer: 105 grams
Hypothesis: the product of the chemical reaction will be 105 grams
Supporting facts: sent1: to reduce means to decrease sent2: baking soda is 5 grams sent3: 100 grams plus 5 grams equals to 105 grams sent4: the mass of the reactants of a chemical reaction equals to the products of the chemical reaction sent5: quantity means amount sent6: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent7: volume is a property of matter sent8: gas is produced in the chemical reaction between baking soda and vinegar sent9: gas is trapped in the container sent10: vapor is synonymous with gas sent11: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent12: volume is similar to amount sent13: 100 grams vinegar and 5 grams baking soda are combined in a container sent14: if a substance is dissolved in another substance then that substance is added to that other substance sent15: if two substances together form a mixture then those substances can be separated from one another by physical changes sent16: if gases are released by a chemical reaction then the total mass of the product will be less than the total mass of the reactants sent17: less means a reduced amount sent18: a ratio is a measure of one value divided by another value sent19: phase changes do not change mass sent20: contents means the substance in a container sent21: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent22: vinegar is 100 grams sent23: baking soda can react chemically with vinegar sent24: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent25: mass is a property of objects / matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] 100 grams vinegar and 5 grams baking soda are combined in a container [AND] baking soda can react chemically with vinegar [INFER] int1: a chemical reaction happens between baking soda and vinegar [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the mass of the reactants of a chemical reaction equals to the products of the chemical reaction [INFER] int2: the mass of baking soda and vinegar is equal to the product of the chemical reaction [BECAUSE] if gases are released by a chemical reaction then the total mass of the product will be less than the total mass of the reactants [AND] gas is produced in the chemical reaction between baking soda and vinegar [AND] gas is trapped in the container [INFER] int3: the mass of the final product of the baking soda and vinegar will not be less than the mass of the reactants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the mass of the final product of the baking soda and vinegar will be the same as that of baking soda and vinegar [BECAUSE] baking soda is 5 grams [AND] vinegar is 100 grams [AND] 100 grams plus 5 grams equals to 105 grams [INFER] int5: the mass of vinegar and baking soda is 105 grams [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the product of the chemical reaction will be 105 grams
Question: Which nongaseous compound can be made from two elements that are gases at room temperature?
Answer: water
Hypothesis: water is the nongaseous compound that can be made by two gases
Supporting facts: sent1: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent2: composed of means made of sent3: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen sent4: both means two sent5: a molecule of water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom sent6: liquid state is a kind of nongaseous state sent7: less means a reduced amount sent8: including means containing sent9: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent10: water exists in liquid / solid / gas state on earth sent11: cannot is the opposite of can sent12: nonmetal means not metal sent13: form means kind sent14: state means form sent15: nonmetal means nonmetals sent16: to be found in means to be contained in sent17: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent18: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent19: water is a kind of compound sent20: oxygen is a kind of gas at room temperature sent21: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent22: h2o means water sent23: solid is a kind of state of matter sent24: hydrogen is a kind of gas at room temperature sent25: state of matter means physical state
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [AND] water is a kind of compound [INFER] int1: water is a liquid compound at room temperature [BECAUSE] oxygen is a kind of gas at room temperature [AND] hydrogen is a kind of gas at room temperature [AND] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [INFER] int2: water can be made by two gases hydrogen and oxygen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: water is the liquid compound that can be made by two gases hydrogen and oxygen [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] liquid state is a kind of nongaseous state [INFER] int4: water is the nongaseous compound that can be made by two gases
Question: Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?
Answer: a balloon filled with helium
Hypothesis: a balloon filled with helium is an example of a container filled with a pure substance
Supporting facts: sent1: made of is similar to contains sent2: a balloon filled with helium sent3: purity is a property of substance and includes ordered values of pure substance / mixture sent4: mixture means solids combined together that maintain their physical properties sent5: an element is a kind of atom sent6: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent7: elements are pure substances sent8: definite is the opposite of variable sent9: to contain means to have inside sent10: to be found in means to be contained in sent11: a mixture usually is made of objects with different physical properties sent12: if two substances together form a mixture then those substances can be separated from one another by physical changes sent13: helium is a kind of element sent14: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent15: form means kind sent16: less is the opposite of more sent17: both means two sent18: to be filled with means to contain sent19: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent20: contents means the substance in a container sent21: made up of means contains / made of sent22: an element is a kind of material sent23: a balloon is a kind of container sent24: contains means located in sent25: atom is a kind of particle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a balloon filled with helium [AND] a balloon is a kind of container [INFER] int1: a balloon filled with helium is an example of a container filled with helium [BECAUSE] helium is a kind of element [AND] elements are pure substances [INFER] int2: helium is a pure substance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a balloon filled with helium is an example of a container filled with a pure substance
Question: Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?
Answer: iron and oxygen
Hypothesis: rust is made of iron and oxygen elements
Supporting facts: sent1: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent2: to be formed by is to be the result of sent3: products are formed / are produced / are created sent4: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent5: both means two sent6: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent7: where something comes from is a source of that something sent8: o2 means oxygen sent9: to cause the formation of means to form sent10: to fuse means to combine sent11: oxygen is a kind of element sent12: rusty means having rust sent13: oxygenated means having oxygen sent14: to add means to combine sent15: rusting means forming rust sent16: rust is made of iron and oxygen sent17: including means containing sent18: an element is a kind of atom sent19: an element is identified by its number of protons sent20: to be a combination of means to be made of sent21: iron sulfide is made of iron and sulfur sent22: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base sent23: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent24: iron is a kind of element sent25: a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen is a kind of element [AND] rust is made of iron and oxygen [AND] iron is a kind of element [INFER] int1: rust is made of iron and oxygen elements
Question: Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form sodium chloride (NaCl), which is commonly known as
Answer: table salt.
Hypothesis: table salt is the product of sodium and chloride chemically combined
Supporting facts: sent1: a mixture is a kind of substance sent2: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent3: phase means state sent4: an mixture is formed by two or more substances combined together physically sent5: sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium sent6: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent7: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent8: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent9: products are formed / are produced / are created sent10: sodium chloride means salt sent11: contains means located in sent12: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent13: to add means to combine sent14: table salt is sodum chloride sent15: when two substances together form a compound then those substances cannot be physically separated sent16: sodium is a kind of metal sent17: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent18: a compound is a kind of material sent19: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent20: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent21: if a material / a substance is a mixture of two or more materials or substances then that material / substance is made / is formed / contains those materials / substances sent22: both means two sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: lithium / sodium / potassium / rubidium / caesium / francium belongs to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table sent25: similar means in common
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] table salt is sodum chloride [AND] sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium [INFER] int1: table salt is the product of sodium and chloride chemically combined
Question: The chemical formula for water is H_{2}O. What does the formula show about each element in the compound?
Answer: the number of atoms of each element
Hypothesis: a molecule of water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Supporting facts: sent1: sodium chloride is a kind of chemical compound sent2: the chemical formula of water is h2o sent3: contains means located in sent4: when one substance is dissolved in another substance then the molecules of that other substance exist in solution sent5: h2o means water sent6: including means containing sent7: sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium sent8: how many means what number sent9: sodium is a kind of element sent10: the number in chemical formula shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule sent11: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen sent12: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent13: sodium chloride is a kind of molecule sent14: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent15: both means two sent16: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent17: an element is identified by its number of protons sent18: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent19: o2 means oxygen sent20: a solution is made of one substance dissolved in another substance sent21: chlorine is a kind of element sent22: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent23: a solution is formed by one substance being dissolved in another substance sent24: hydrochloric acid is made of hydrogen chloride dissolved in water sent25: sodium chloride is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the number in chemical formula shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule [AND] the chemical formula of water is h2o [INFER] int1: the number in chemical formula of water shows the number of atoms of each element in a water molecule [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [INFER] int2: the number in chemical formula of water shows the number of hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the chemical formula of water is h2o [INFER] int3: a molecule of water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Question: Oxygen reacts with iron to produce rust and with hydrogen to produce water. Which statement describes both reactions?
Answer: New molecules are formed but the same elements exist.
Hypothesis: the elements of two reactions stay the same
Supporting facts: sent1: to turn means to convert sent2: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent3: chemical reactions do not cause the total number of atoms to change sent4: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent5: rusting means forming rust sent6: stay the same means not changing sent7: oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce water sent8: forming something is a kind of change sent9: new means different from the former one sent10: to retain means to not change sent11: an element is a kind of atom sent12: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent13: both means two sent14: forming is similar to converting sent15: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent16: to convert means to change sent17: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent18: a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded sent19: unchanged means not changed sent20: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent21: oxygen reacts with iron to produce rust sent22: to generate means to form sent23: the elements in the chemical reaction stays the same after the reaction sent24: the formation of something is a kind of process sent25: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen reacts with iron to produce rust [AND] the elements in the chemical reaction stays the same after the reaction [INFER] int1: iron and oxygen elements stay the same after the reaction [BECAUSE] the elements in the chemical reaction stays the same after the reaction [AND] oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce water [INFER] int2: oxygen and hyrdrogen elements stay the same after the reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the elements of two reactions stay the same
Question: Sugar is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar is an example of which of the following?
Answer: a compound
Hypothesis: sugar is a kind of compound
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent2: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent3: where something comes from is a source of that something sent4: hydrogen is a kind of element sent5: a compound is a kind of material sent6: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent7: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent8: including means containing sent9: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent10: oxygen is a kind of element sent11: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent12: sugar is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen chemically combined sent13: composition is a property of an object / matter sent14: if a substance is made of one element , then the substance is called an element sent15: chlorine is a kind of element sent16: chemical composition is a kind of property sent17: carbon has the property of catenation to form a carbon chain sent18: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent19: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent20: if a material / a substance is a mixture of two or more materials or substances then that material / substance is made / is formed / contains those materials / substances sent21: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent22: made up of means contains / made of sent23: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent24: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent25: carbon is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen is a kind of element [AND] sugar is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen chemically combined [AND] carbon is a kind of element [AND] hydrogen is a kind of element [INFER] int1: sugar is made of three different elements chemically combined [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [INFER] int2: sugar is a kind of compound
Question: Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?
Answer: hydrogen
Hypothesis: hydrogen can be found in organic compounds
Supporting facts: sent1: contains means located in sent2: to be formed by is to be the result of sent3: including means containing sent4: an element is a kind of atom sent5: containing something is similar to providing that something sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: hydrogen is a kind of element sent8: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent9: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent10: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent11: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent12: organic is similar to of organism sent13: made of is similar to contains sent14: to contain something means to have that something sent15: according to is similar to be determined by sent16: both means two sent17: composed of means made of sent18: a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded sent19: hydrogen chloride is made of hydrogen and chlorine sent20: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent21: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent22: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent23: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent24: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent25: organic compounds mainly are made of carbon / hydrogen / oxygen / nitrogen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] organic compounds mainly are made of carbon / hydrogen / oxygen / nitrogen [AND] hydrogen is a kind of element [INFER] int1: hydrogen can be found in organic compounds
Question: Which of these is an example of an endothermic process?
Answer: first-aid instant cold pack
Hypothesis: first-aid instant cold pack is a kind of endothermic reaction
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent2: cold pack reaction is a kind of endothermic reaction sent3: process is similar to method sent4: freezing is a kind of phase change sent5: instantaneously means short in time sent6: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent7: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent8: to help means to aid sent9: first-aid instant cold pack is a kind of cold pack sent10: death means to die sent11: action can cause change sent12: to produce means to result in sent13: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent14: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent15: to convert means to change sent16: something that happens is a kind of event sent17: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent18: forming is similar to converting sent19: producing is similar to causing sent20: to cause means to have an effect sent21: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent22: a process is made of a series of actions sent23: cold means low in temperature sent24: to cause means to result in sent25: phase means state
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cold pack reaction is a kind of endothermic reaction [AND] first-aid instant cold pack is a kind of cold pack [INFER] int1: first-aid instant cold pack is a kind of endothermic reaction