ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems?
Answer: wood
Hypothesis: wood is a kind of resource that can be found in large amounts in a forest
Supporting facts: sent1: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent2: forest is synonymous with wooded area sent3: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent4: including means containing sent5: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent6: as the amount / size of something increases , the extensive properties of that something will increase sent7: vegetation means plants sent8: an environment means an area sent9: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent10: a plant is a member of a plant species sent11: larger means greater / higher / more / increase in size sent12: largest amount means most sent13: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent14: a component of something means a part of that something sent15: many means high in number sent16: wood is a kind of resource sent17: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent18: quantity means amount sent19: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent20: a wooden log is made of wood sent21: if something contains something else then that something else is a part of that something sent22: a tree contains wood sent23: woodland means forest sent24: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent25: a lot means large in amount / quantity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a forest contains lots of plants / trees [AND] a lot means large in amount / quantity [INFER] int1: a forest contains a large amount of trees [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a tree contains wood [INFER] int2: a forest contains a large amount of wood [BECAUSE] if something contains something else then that something else is a part of that something [AND] if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something [INFER] int3: if something contains something else then that something else can be found in that something [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: large amounts of wood can be found in a forest [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] wood is a kind of resource [INFER] int5: wood is a kind of resource that can be found in large amounts in a forest
Question: Humans depend on which natural resource from the environment?
Answer: water
Hypothesis: water is a kind of natural resource from the environment that humans depend on
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent2: life means living things sent3: a human is a kind of animal sent4: organisms require liquid water to survive sent5: requiring something means needing that something sent6: person is synonymous with human sent7: a natural resource is a kind of environmental factor sent8: if a living thing requires something for survival then that living thing depends on that something sent9: to be dependent on something means to depend on that something sent10: animals / living things require water for survival sent11: humans cause pollution sent12: water is a kind of natural resource sent13: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent14: water is a part of an environment sent15: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent16: water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants sent17: drinking is a kind of water use sent18: if the amount of available food and water decreases in an environment then animals may leave that environment to find food and water sent19: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent20: an environment means an area sent21: as the available water in an environment increases , the populations of organisms in that environment will increase sent22: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources sent23: needing something means depending on that something sent24: storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment sent25: requiring is similar to needing help
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of natural resource [AND] water is a part of an environment [INFER] int1: water is a kind of natural resource from an environment [BECAUSE] animals / living things require water for survival [AND] if a living thing requires something for survival then that living thing depends on that something [INFER] int2: animals / living things depend on water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: humans depend on water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: water is a kind of natural resource from the environment that humans depend on
Question: Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?
Answer: excessive pumping from wells
Hypothesis: excessive pumping from wells may cause the water in that aquifer to become used up
Supporting facts: sent1: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent2: if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up sent3: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent4: to limit means to decrease sent5: a well is a vehicle for removing water from an aquifer sent6: underground means under ground sent7: as the use of a resource decreases , the length of time that resource being available will increases sent8: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent9: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent10: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent11: excessive means too much in quantity sent12: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent13: less means a reduced amount sent14: pumping is a kind of method for transporting water sent15: evaporation causes amount of water to decrease sent16: if something with the same function as something else is being used then the use of that something else decreases sent17: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent18: if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability sent19: as the use of something decreases , the use of the source of that something will decrease sent20: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent21: a supply of something is a source of that something sent22: a process usually requires all of the stages in that process sent23: using resources decreases those resources sent24: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent25: to reduce means to decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pumping is a kind of method for transporting water [AND] a well is a vehicle for removing water from an aquifer [INFER] int1: pumping from wells is a kind of method for removing water from aquifers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up [INFER] int2: if too much water is pumped from a well then the water in that aquifer may become used up [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] excessive means too much in quantity [INFER] int3: excessive pumping from wells may cause the water in that aquifer to become used up
Question: A lake has been used for more than a century to irrigate crops. How has this practice most likely affected this resource?
Answer: It decreased the volume of the lake.
Hypothesis: irrigation can cause the volume of a lake to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: ground water is a kind of water sent2: if something drains water quickly , then that something will have little capacity to hold water sent3: damming a river can cause a lake to form sent4: to reduce means to decrease sent5: bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth sent6: the volume of a substance describes the amount of that substance sent7: to act on means to affect sent8: volume is a property of matter sent9: matter is a kind of substance sent10: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent11: water is a kind of matter sent12: a body of water contains water sent13: a lake is a kind of body of water sent14: a plant requires water to grow sent15: as the amount of water in a body of water decreases , the water levels will decrease sent16: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent17: a pond is a kind of body of water sent18: runoff is when cropland water enters / runs off into bodies of water sent19: a reservoir is a kind of body of water sent20: pumping water means removing water sent21: as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will rise / increase especially at the edge of that body of water sent22: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent23: as the level of water rises , the amount of available land will decrease sent24: irrigation causes water levels to decrease sent25: to impact means to affect
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the amount of water in a body of water decreases , the water levels will decrease [AND] irrigation causes water levels to decrease [INFER] int1: irrigation causes the amount of water in a body of water to decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a lake is a kind of body of water [INFER] int2: irrigation can cause the amount of water in a lake to decrease [BECAUSE] the volume of a substance describes the amount of that substance [AND] matter is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: the volume of matter describes the amount of that matter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] volume is a property of matter [INFER] int4: volume is a property of matter that describes the amount of that matter [BECAUSE] a body of water contains water [AND] a lake is a kind of body of water [INFER] int5: a lake contains water [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] water is a kind of matter [INFER] int6: water in a lake is a kind of matter [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: the volume of a lake describes the amount of water in that lake [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: irrigation can cause the volume of a lake to decrease
Question: Which action is an example of good water management?
Answer: turning off the faucet when brushing teeth
Hypothesis: an example of managing the use of water is turning off the faucet when brushing teeth
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of managing the use of something is using less of that something sent2: best means most positive sent3: as the use of a resource decreases , the length of time that resource being available will increases sent4: an example of using less water is turning off the faucet when brushing teeth sent5: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent6: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources sent7: an example of protecting the environment is reducing the amount of waste / the amount of pollutants sent8: better means good sent9: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent10: as the ability to do something decreases , doing that something will be harder sent11: water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants sent12: if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up sent13: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent14: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent15: as the use of something decreases , the use of the source of that something will decrease sent16: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent17: to improve means to have a positive impact sent18: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent19: resources must be managed sent20: dry means low in amount of water / wetness / moisture sent21: water is a kind of natural resource sent22: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent23: to reduce means to decrease sent24: using less of a resource means conserving that resource sent25: good means positive
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of managing the use of something is using less of that something [AND] resources must be managed [INFER] int1: an example of managing the use of a resource is useing less of that resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of natural resource [INFER] int2: an example of managing the use of water is using less water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an example of using less water is turning off the faucet when brushing teeth [INFER] int3: an example of managing the use of water is turning off the faucet when brushing teeth
Question: In some dry areas, large amounts of water have been pumped from underground sources where water has been naturally stored for thousands of years. If the water is not replaced, what type of land feature is most likely to result?
Answer: desert
Hypothesis: if water from underground is not replaced in an environment then that environment will become a desert
Supporting facts: sent1: a water reservoir contains water sent2: if water vapor is limited to reach a location , then that location will be dry sent3: as the level of water rises , the amount of available land will decrease sent4: drought is when available water decreases in an environment sent5: something in the soil is located underground sent6: irrigation requires water use sent7: an aquifer contains groundwater sent8: groundwater is a kind of water sent9: a desert environment is low in availability of water / availability of food sent10: groundwater is located under ground / underground sent11: if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up sent12: underground means under ground sent13: ground water is a kind of water sent14: if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability sent15: as elevation of a place decreases , how much a flood will affect that place will increases sent16: groundwater is a nonrenewable resource sent17: water causes soil and rock erosion sent18: a desert environment usually is hot in temperature sent19: a drought is a kind of slow environmental change sent20: removing an inhibitor of a process causes that process sent21: pumping water means removing water sent22: salt water is a kind of water sent23: as the amount of water in a body of water decreases , the water levels will decrease sent24: aquifer recharge is when the removed groundwater is replaced by natural process sent25: irrigation sometimes requires using groundwater from aquifers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability [AND] groundwater is a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int1: if groundwater if not replaced then groundwater will have low availability [BECAUSE] ground water is a kind of water [AND] a desert environment is low in availability of water / availability of food [INFER] int2: a desert environment is low in availability of groundwater [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: if groundwater is not replaced in an environment then that environment will become a desert [BECAUSE] groundwater is located under ground / underground [AND] groundwater is a kind of water [INFER] int4: groundwater is a kind of water that is located underground [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: if water from underground is not replaced in an environment then that environment will become a desert
Question: Which of these is a freshwater reservoir?
Answer: Antarctic polar ice
Hypothesis: antarctic polar ice is a kind of freshwater reservoir
Supporting facts: sent1: fresh water means freshwater sent2: earth contains glaciers / ice caps sent3: liquid water is available for organisms sent4: cold means low in temperature sent5: glaciers are a kind of major reservoir sent6: the freezing point of water / melting point of water is 32f / 0c / 273k sent7: to be filled with means to contain sent8: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 273 / 32 / 0 and 373 / 212 / 100 k / f / c sent9: polar ice cap is a kind of ice cap sent10: polar regions are cold in temperature sent11: under water means covered by water / in water sent12: antarctic polar ice contains glaciers sent13: glaciers are a source of freshwater sent14: icy means made of ice sent15: polar means of the pole sent16: where something comes from is a source of that something sent17: antarctica is extremely cold in temperature sent18: ice is found in arctic environments sent19: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent20: in the water cycle the glaciers have the role of storing fresh water sent21: the arctic ocean is a kind of ocean sent22: a glacier is made of a large buildup of ice / snow sent23: amount of water in a body of water increases by storms / rain / glaciers melting / snow melting / ice melting sent24: including means containing sent25: a water reservoir stores water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a water reservoir stores water [AND] glaciers are a kind of major reservoir [INFER] int1: glaciers are a kind of water reservoir [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] glaciers are a source of freshwater [INFER] int2: glaciers are a kind of freshwater reservoir [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] antarctic polar ice contains glaciers [INFER] int3: antarctic polar ice is a kind of freshwater reservoir
Question: Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?
Answer: Will the food harm humans?
Hypothesis: eating crops that contain pesticides can have a negative impact on the health of a human
Supporting facts: sent1: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent2: humans discarding waste in an environment causes harm to that environment sent3: a human is a kind of animal sent4: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent5: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent6: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent7: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent8: cropland is used for farming by humans sent9: humans cause pollution sent10: eating something that contains pollutants has a negative impact on an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent11: harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease sent12: eating food that contains pesticides can have a negative impact on the health of an animal sent13: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent14: harm means danger sent15: a crop is a kind of food sent16: food spoiling has a negative impact on the health of the animal that eats that food sent17: humans changing an environment causes animal populations to decrease in that environment sent18: harming an organism can cause that organism to die sent19: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species sent20: having food has a positive impact on an organism 's health sent21: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent22: to eat means to consume food sent23: chemical splashing can cause harm to humans / to the eyes sent24: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent25: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating food that contains pesticides can have a negative impact on the health of an animal [AND] a crop is a kind of food [INFER] int1: eating crops that contain pesticides can have a negative impact on the health of an animal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: eating crops that contain pesticides can have a negative impact on the health of a human
Question: A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next?
Answer: The mercury passed through the food chain.
Hypothesis: mercury is passed through the food chain
Supporting facts: sent1: to contain something means to have that something sent2: a producer produces its own food sent3: plankton live in bodies of water sent4: in the food chain process some types of plankton have the role of producer sent5: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent6: a bay is a kind of body of water sent7: dissolving is a kind of action sent8: microorganisms cause food to spoil sent9: a role in the ecosystem is a role in the food chain process sent10: dumping something in an environment means adding that something to that environment sent11: producers pass materials they use through the food chain sent12: a factory dumped mercury into a bay sent13: clams eat plankton sent14: to pass means to transfer sent15: microorganisms change mercury in a bay into a form that plankton can use sent16: an element is a kind of material sent17: if something transfers something else then that something is a source of something else sent18: food contains carbohydrates sent19: if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain sent20: an organism eating is a kind of action sent21: mussels eat plankton sent22: to give off means to be the source of sent23: mercury is a kind of element sent24: energy flows in an ecosystem through food chains sent25: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plankton live in bodies of water [AND] a bay is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: some plankton live in bays [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a factory dumped mercury into a bay [INFER] int2: mercury is dumped into a bay with plankton [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] microorganisms change mercury in a bay into a form that plankton can use [INFER] int3: mercury is changed into a form that plankton can use in a bay with plankton [BECAUSE] an element is a kind of material [AND] mercury is a kind of element [INFER] int4: mercury is a kind of material [BECAUSE] producers pass materials they use through the food chain [AND] in the food chain process some types of plankton have the role of producer [INFER] int5: plankton pass materials they use through the food chain [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: mercury is passed through the food chain