ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What do the energy resources uranium and coal have in common?
Answer: They both are acquired by mining the lithosphere.
Hypothesis: uranium and coal are both acquired by mining the lithosphere
Supporting facts: sent1: the lithosphere is a kind of subsystem of earth sent2: oil is a kind of fossil fuel sent3: petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel sent4: including means containing sent5: uranium is acquired by mining the lithosphere sent6: acquiring fossil fuels is dangerous for the environment sent7: a plant is a member of a plant species sent8: to be found in means to be contained in sent9: fossil fuels are acquired by mining the lithosphere sent10: surface mining removes the vegetation / rocks above the coal sent11: both means two sent12: where something comes from is a source of that something sent13: amount is similar to abundance sent14: nuclear energy is a kind of energy sent15: surface mining has a negative impact on the lithosphere / the biosphere / the ecosystem sent16: mining is when humans take rocks and minerals from the ground sent17: to gain means to obtain sent18: similar means in common sent19: ore is a kind of rock sent20: to happen means to occur sent21: coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations sent22: forming coal / fossil fuels requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation sent23: taking in something means acquiring that something sent24: coal is a kind of fossil fuel sent25: natural gas is a kind of fossil fuel
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] coal is a kind of fossil fuel [AND] fossil fuels are acquired by mining the lithosphere [INFER] int1: coal is acquired by mining the lithosphere [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] uranium is acquired by mining the lithosphere [INFER] int2: uranium and coal are both acquired by mining the lithosphere
Question: Which is a nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy?
Answer: coal
Hypothesis: coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a fossil fuel is a kind of natural resource sent2: metal is a kind of natural resource sent3: coal is a nonrenewable resource sent4: coal is a kind of fossil fuel sent5: producing electricity sometimes requires burning oil sent6: to produce something means to make something sent7: to convert means to change sent8: using raw materials increases waste sent9: to generate means to form sent10: fuel is a source of energy sent11: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent12: coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations sent13: electricity is a kind of electrical energy sent14: burning coal is a source of air pollution sent15: natural resources are found in nature sent16: to power means to provide energy for sent17: producing is a kind of process sent18: manufacture means make sent19: a nonrenewable resource is limited in supply sent20: fuel is a kind of energy source sent21: to run on means to use as an energy source sent22: to create means to make sent23: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent24: metal is a nonrenewable resource sent25: no longer means used to be
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fossil fuel is a kind of natural resource [AND] coal is a kind of fossil fuel [INFER] int1: coal is a kind of natural resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] coal is a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int2: coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource [BECAUSE] coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations [AND] electricity is a kind of electrical energy [INFER] int3: coal is used to produce electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] to produce something means to make something [INFER] int4: coal is used to make electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy
Question: How do coal and the sun compare as sources of energy?
Answer: Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable.
Hypothesis: coal is nonrenewable and the sun is renewable
Supporting facts: sent1: renewable resources can slow the depletion of nonrenewable resources sent2: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent3: coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations sent4: sunlight means solar energy sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: comparing requires observing that something sent7: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent8: metal is a nonrenewable resource sent9: where something comes from is a source of that something sent10: both means two sent11: made up of means contains / made of sent12: solar power means solar energy sent13: similar means in common sent14: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent15: renewable resources are often available for many years sent16: comparing requires measuring sent17: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent18: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent19: nonrenewable resources will eventually be depleted sent20: including means containing sent21: coal is a nonrenewable resource sent22: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent23: solar energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource sent24: a nonrenewable resource is limited in supply sent25: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [AND] solar energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource [INFER] int1: the sun is a renewable resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] coal is a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int2: coal is nonrenewable and the sun is renewable
Question: Which resource when used causes the most pollution?
Answer: coal
Hypothesis: using coal causes air polluiton
Supporting facts: sent1: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent2: consumption means use sent3: burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution sent4: combustibility means the ability of combustion sent5: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent6: coal is a kind of fossil fuel sent7: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent8: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent9: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent10: largest amount means most sent11: quantity means amount sent12: gases from burning coal and oil dissolving in water in the atmosphere causes acid rain sent13: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent14: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent15: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent16: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent17: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent18: coal is used for generating heat by burning sent19: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent20: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent21: causing is a kind of affecting sent22: contaminated means polluted sent23: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent24: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent25: coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution [AND] coal is a kind of fossil fuel [INFER] int1: burning coal is a source of air pollution [BECAUSE] coal is used for generating heat by burning [AND] coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations [INFER] int2: using coal usually requires burning coal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: using coal causes air polluiton
Question: Which energy conversion process occurs whenever coal is burned?
Answer: chemical to thermal
Hypothesis: burning coal converts chemical energy to thermal energy
Supporting facts: sent1: heating means adding heat sent2: exergonic chemical reactions only release energy sent3: a reaction is a kind of process sent4: to transform means to convert sent5: converting is similar to producing sent6: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent7: to give off means to be the source of sent8: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent9: burning wood is used to produce heat sent10: to convert means to change sent11: combustion is a kind of exergonic reaction sent12: combustion is a kind of activity sent13: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent14: phase means state sent15: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent16: chemical energy is a kind of potential energy sent17: coal is used for generating heat by burning sent18: converting is similar to releasing sent19: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent20: coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations sent21: converting is similar to turning into sent22: to turn means to convert sent23: converting is similar to generating sent24: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent25: if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy [AND] coal is used for generating heat by burning [INFER] int1: burning coal converts chemical energy to thermal energy
Question: Which is NOT a fossil fuel?
Answer: Wood
Hypothesis: wood is not a fossil fuel
Supporting facts: sent1: renewable is the opposite of nonrenewable sent2: renewability is a property of resource and includes values of renewable / nonrenewable sent3: an inexhaustible resource is a kind of renewable resource sent4: if there is none of a thing then that thing does not exist sent5: wood is a renewable resource sent6: forming coal / fossil fuels requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation sent7: renewable is a property of resources sent8: fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource sent9: something cannot have two opposite properties sent10: renewable resources are often available for many years sent11: petroleum is a source of raw material for the production of plastics sent12: a renewable resource can be replaced sent13: water is a renewable resource sent14: biomass is a renewable resource sent15: renewable resources can be used over again sent16: vegetable oil is a renewable resource sent17: if something cannot have a certain property then something else with that property is not that something sent18: oil is used for producing electricity sent19: natural gas is a kind of fossil fuel sent20: to conserve means to not change sent21: producing electricity sometimes requires burning oil sent22: a renewable resource can be renewed sent23: being buried under soil and mud changes peat into coal through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent24: being buried under soil and mud changes dead plant matter / dead animal matter / remains of living things into oil / natural gas through extreme heat and pressure at the bottom of the sea over a long period of time sent25: natural gas is a nonrenewable resource
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] renewable is the opposite of nonrenewable [AND] something cannot have two opposite properties [INFER] int1: something cannot be renewable and nonrenewable [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int2: fossil fuels cannot be renewable [BECAUSE] if something cannot have a certain property then something else with that property is not that something [AND] renewable is a property of resources [INFER] int3: if one resource cannot be renewable then another resource that is renweable is not that one resource [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: if something is renewable then that something is not a fossil fuel [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] wood is a renewable resource [INFER] int5: wood is not a fossil fuel
Question: Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first?
Answer: Fossil fuels
Hypothesis: fossil fuels will eventually be depleted
Supporting facts: sent1: renewable resources are replenished more quickly than they are used sent2: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent3: a supply of something is a source of that something sent4: fuel supply is a kind of resource sent5: fossil fuels have high potential energy sent6: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent7: fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource sent8: the supply of an inexhaustible resource does not change over a long period of time sent9: acquiring fossil fuels is dangerous for the environment sent10: oil is a kind of liquid sent11: an example of conservation is not using fossil fuel sent12: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent13: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent14: most means over 50% of something sent15: using resources decreases those resources sent16: amount is similar to abundance sent17: as the use of a resource decreases , the length of time that resource being available will increases sent18: nonrenewable resources will eventually be depleted sent19: oil is a source of energy sent20: burning fossil fuels converts potential energy into thermal energy sent21: more likely means increased likelihood sent22: a nonrenewable resource is limited in supply sent23: renewable resources can slow the depletion of nonrenewable resources sent24: conservation is often conserving natural resources sent25: if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nonrenewable resources will eventually be depleted [AND] fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int1: fossil fuels will eventually be depleted
Question: Fossil fuels were formed from
Answer: the remains of living things
Hypothesis: fossil fuels are formed from the remains of living things
Supporting facts: sent1: fossil means preserved remains of ancient organisms sent2: dead means not alive sent3: forming something is a kind of change sent4: being derived from is similar to being formed sent5: remains is similar to dead organisms sent6: where something comes from is a source of that something sent7: being buried under soil and mud changes peat into coal through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent8: an animal is a member of an animal species sent9: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent10: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent11: remains are parts of a dead organism sent12: living things perform biological processes sent13: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent14: organisms mean life sent15: fossil fuels / fossils are formed from dead organisms over time sent16: to be formed by is to be the result of sent17: life means living things sent18: a result of something is evidence of that something sent19: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent20: live means to be alive sent21: an organism is a living thing sent22: a part of a living thing is a natural structure sent23: being buried under soil and mud changes dead vegetation / dead plant matter into peat through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent24: existence is similar to living sent25: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] remains are parts of a dead organism [AND] fossil fuels / fossils are formed from dead organisms over time [INFER] int1: fossil fuels are formed from the remains of organisms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an organism is a living thing [INFER] int2: fossil fuels are formed from the remains of living things
Question: Gaseous sulfur dioxide is a compound that combines with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide?
Answer: combustion of fossil fuels
Hypothesis: the combustion of fossil fuels is a source of sulfur dioxide
Supporting facts: sent1: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent2: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent3: rainwater is a kind of water sent4: gaseous means of gas sent5: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent6: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent7: where something comes from is a source of that something sent8: a volatile substance gives off gas sent9: vapor is synonymous with gas sent10: sulfur dioxide is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels sent11: natural gas is a kind of fossil fuel sent12: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent13: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent14: combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions sent15: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent16: combustion is a kind of exergonic reaction sent17: to produce something means to form something sent18: fossil fuels burning causes pollution sent19: combustibility means the ability of combustion sent20: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent21: rain is a kind of precipitation sent22: burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution sent23: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent24: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent25: sulfur is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] to produce something means to form something [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int1: a source of something forms that something [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sulfur dioxide is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels [INFER] int2: the combustion of fossil fuels is a source of sulfur dioxide
Question: Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?
Answer: geothermal
Hypothesis: geothermal energy is a common renewable resource in nevada
Supporting facts: sent1: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent2: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent3: renewability is a property of resource and includes values of renewable / nonrenewable sent4: similar means in common sent5: state means form sent6: what something needs is a property of that something sent7: in common is similar to the same sent8: a nonrenewable resource is limited in supply sent9: purpose means role sent10: a type is synonymous with a kind sent11: geothermal energy is formed by magma heating earth 's crust sent12: if something contains many of something else then that something else is common in that something sent13: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent14: renewable resources are often available for many years sent15: geothermal energy is a renewable resource sent16: to contribute means to add sent17: to contribute is similar to produce sent18: nevada contains many active fault lines sent19: needing something means depending on that something sent20: including means containing sent21: energy formed by magma heating earth's crust is emitted along fault lines sent22: to add means to increase sent23: category means kind sent24: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent25: making something requires resources
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] geothermal energy is formed by magma heating earth 's crust [AND] energy formed by magma heating earth's crust is emitted along fault lines [INFER] int1: geothermal energy is emitted along fault lines [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int2: fault lines are a source of geothermal energy [BECAUSE] if something contains many of something else then that something else is common in that something [AND] nevada contains many active fault lines [INFER] int3: active fault lines are common in nevada [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: geothermal energy is common in nevada [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] geothermal energy is a renewable resource [INFER] int5: geothermal energy is a common renewable resource in nevada
Question: Which of these is a renewable resource found in Nevada?
Answer: geothermal energy
Hypothesis: geothermal energy is a renewable resource that can be found in nevada
Supporting facts: sent1: where something comes from is a source of that something sent2: made up of means contains / made of sent3: wind / wind energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource sent4: no longer means used to be sent5: nevada contains many active fault lines sent6: similar means in common sent7: contains means located in sent8: if something is emitted at a location then that something can be found at that location sent9: renewable resources are often available for many years sent10: resources sometimes are used for energy sent11: found in means existing in sent12: sunlight means solar energy sent13: energy formed by magma heating earth's crust is emitted along fault lines sent14: renewable resources can be used over again sent15: phase means state sent16: including means containing sent17: state means form sent18: geothermal energy is a renewable resource sent19: producing renewable electric energy requires renewable resources sent20: to be found in means to be contained in sent21: geothermal energy is formed by magma heating earth 's crust sent22: a renewable resource can be replaced sent23: a city is a kind of location sent24: a renewable resource can be renewed sent25: to happen means to occur
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] energy formed by magma heating earth's crust is emitted along fault lines [AND] if something is emitted at a location then that something can be found at that location [INFER] int1: energy formed by magma heating earth's crust can be found along fault lines [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] geothermal energy is formed by magma heating earth 's crust [INFER] int2: geothermal energy can be found along fault lines [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] nevada contains many active fault lines [INFER] int3: geothermal energy can be found in nevada [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] geothermal energy is a renewable resource [INFER] int4: geothermal energy is a renewable resource that can be found in nevada