ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Otto pushed a toy car across a floor. The car traveled fast across the wood, but it slowed to a stop on the carpet. Which best explains what happened when the car reached the carpet?
Answer: Friction increased.
Hypothesis: the speed of the moving object on the carpet will be decreased more than the moving objects on the wood surface
Supporting facts: sent1: speed up means increase sent2: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent3: texture means how an object feels sent4: carpet has a rough surface sent5: skidding causes friction sent6: as the kinetic energy of an object increases , the object will travel faster sent7: increase means more sent8: heat means temperature increases sent9: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent10: as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more sent11: felt is high in roughness sent12: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent13: as the power of the force exerted on an object increases , the speed of the object being moved by the force will increase sent14: heat is a kind of energy sent15: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent16: as the force with which an object is touched increases , the amount of mechanical energy converted to sound energy will increase sent17: vibration is a kind of motion sent18: as moisture of an object decreases , the friction of that object against another object will increase sent19: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent20: rubbing wool on rubber causes static electricity sent21: wood has a smooth surface sent22: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent23: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent24: friction causes an object to lose energy sent25: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [INFER] int1: as the roughness of a surface increases, friction on the moving object will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wood has a smooth surface [AND] carpet has a rough surface [INFER] int2: friction on the moving object increases when it is moving from the wood surface to the carpet surface [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more [INFER] int3: the speed of the moving object on the carpet will be decreased more than the moving objects on the wood surface
Question: What is the most reasonable explanation for why a toy car rolls farther on a wood floor than on a thick carpet?
Answer: The carpet has more resistance.
Hypothesis: the toy car will move slower on the carpet than on the wood
Supporting facts: sent1: dense means high in density sent2: friction causes an object to lose energy sent3: wood is a strong material sent4: density is a property of an object / a substance and includes ordered values of dense / not dense sent5: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent6: carpet has a rough surface sent7: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent8: as the kinetic energy of an object increases , the object will travel faster sent9: a thermal insulator slows / prevents the transfer of heat sent10: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent11: surface area is a property of shape sent12: as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower sent13: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent14: resistances are a property of living things sent15: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent16: an insulator is the opposite of a conductor sent17: a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces sent18: hardness is a property of a material / an object and includes ordered values of malleable / rigid sent19: wood is an thermal / thermal energy insulator sent20: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase sent21: moving changes potential energy / stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent22: skidding causes friction sent23: wood is a thermal / thermal energy insulator sent24: a toy car is a kind of object sent25: wood has a smooth surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [INFER] int1: as the roughness of a surface increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wood has a smooth surface [AND] carpet has a rough surface [INFER] int2: the resistance on the object to move on the carpet will be larger than on the wood [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a toy car is a kind of object [INFER] int3: the resistance on the toy car object to move on the carpet is larger than on the wood [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower [INFER] int4: the toy car will move slower on the carpet than on the wood
Question: A student sets a block at the top of a wooden ramp. The student pushes the block. As the block slides down the ramp, it slows down and then comes to a stop. What force causes the block to slow down?
Answer: the force of friction
Hypothesis: friction causes the speed of the block to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: remove means decrease sent2: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent3: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent4: rotate means turn sent5: motion / movement means moving / to move sent6: if an object is held under a substance then that object is touching that substance sent7: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent8: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent9: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent10: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent11: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent12: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent13: a surface is a part of a material sent14: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent15: friction causes an object to lose energy sent16: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent17: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent18: a block is a kind of object sent19: sliding is a kind of moving sent20: stop means not move sent21: a ramp is a kind of object sent22: a block is sliding down a ramp sent23: up means upward sent24: skidding causes friction sent25: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a block is a kind of object [AND] a ramp is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a block and a ramp are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] sliding is a kind of moving [AND] a block is sliding down a ramp [INFER] int2: friction occurs between the block and the ramp [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [AND] a block is a kind of object [INFER] int3: friction causes the speed of the block to decrease
Question: Two pool (billiard) balls collide, causing each to move in a different direction. Eventually, both come to a stop. The most important factor in causing them to stop is
Answer: friction.
Hypothesis: friction will cause the speed of the pool balls to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: pool balls are moving on the surface of the felt of the pool table sent2: moving changes position sent3: colliding means coming into a collision sent4: force requires energy sent5: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent6: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent7: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent8: a pool ball is a kind of object sent9: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent10: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent11: a pool table is a kind of object sent12: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent13: a surface is a part of a material sent14: an object being pushed across another object causes their surfaces to move against each other sent15: friction causes an object to lose energy sent16: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent17: stop means not move sent18: motion / movement means moving / to move sent19: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent20: if two objects move apart from each other then those two objects separate from each other sent21: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent22: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent23: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent24: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent25: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pool balls are moving on the surface of the felt of the pool table [AND] a pool table is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] a pool ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: friction will occur between the pool ball and the felt of the pool table [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [AND] a pool ball is a kind of object [INFER] int2: friction will cause the speed of the pool balls to decrease
Question: One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?
Answer: oil
Hypothesis: oil can be used to decrease the heat among parts in the car engine produced by friction
Supporting facts: sent1: oil is insoluble in water sent2: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent3: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent4: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent5: heat is a kind of energy sent6: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent7: heat means temperature increases sent8: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent9: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent10: if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot sent11: friction causes an object to lose energy sent12: oil is a source of energy sent13: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent14: friction exerts force on moving objects sent15: warm up means increase temperature sent16: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent17: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent18: oil is used to decrease the friction among parts in the car engine sent19: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent20: causing is a kind of affecting sent21: a surface is a part of an object sent22: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent23: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent24: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent25: friction is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [AND] heat means temperature increases [INFER] int1: friction causes an object to heat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] oil is used to decrease the friction among parts in the car engine [INFER] int2: oil can be used to decrease the heat among parts in the car engine produced by friction
Question: Which material should be used on a bicycle ramp to increase friction?
Answer: rough paper
Hypothesis: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the friciton of the ramp
Supporting facts: sent1: to reduce means to decrease sent2: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent3: material means substance sent4: as the ability to do something decreases , doing that something will be harder sent5: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent6: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent7: heat means heat energy sent8: thin means small in width sent9: wood has a smooth surface sent10: ramp is a kind of surface sent11: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the roughness of the ramp sent12: a wall is a kind of surface sent13: rubbing different materials can cause electrical charge of the materials to be unbalanced sent14: friction is a kind of force sent15: as the resistance to something increases , how easilty that something can be done will decrease sent16: materials are made of matter sent17: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent18: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent19: heat is a kind of energy sent20: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent21: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent22: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent23: friction causes an object to lose energy sent24: thickness is a property of an object and includes ordered values of thin / thick sent25: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] ramp is a kind of surface [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [INFER] int1: as roughness of the ramp increases, friction will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the roughness of the ramp [INFER] int2: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the friciton of the ramp
Question: Paco throws a ball. What force pulls the ball down toward the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: pull is similar to attract sent2: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent3: motion / movement means moving / to move sent4: downward means down sent5: due to means caused by sent6: drop means decrease sent7: the ground means earth 's surface sent8: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent9: gravity helps move blood through the body sent10: producing thrust causes something / an animal / an object to move sent11: a ball is a kind of object sent12: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent13: up means upward sent14: downward is a kind of direction sent15: towards means closer to something sent16: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: gravity is a kind of force sent19: take place means happen sent20: to cause means to result in sent21: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent22: ground means floor sent23: to be lowered into a substance means to be placed into that substance sent24: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent25: can be means able to be
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity pulls objects towards planets [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent2: gravity is a kind of force sent3: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent4: sinking is a kind of downward direction sent5: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent6: a drop / droplet is a kind of liquid of small amount sent7: the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object sent8: a liquid is a kind of fluid sent9: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent10: to cause means to result in sent11: colliding is a kind of touching sent12: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent13: force requires energy sent14: marble is a kind of object / material sent15: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent16: down is a kind of direction sent17: a droplet is a kind of little drop sent18: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent19: colliding means coming into a collision sent20: drop means decrease sent21: if something is dropped into a container of something else then that something is touching that something else sent22: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent23: flowing liquid can push objects sent24: empty into a body of water means enters a body of water sent25: to be lowered into a substance means to be placed into that substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] marble is a kind of object / material [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet
Question: Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes rocks to be pulled down on the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: push is a kind of force / application of force sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: downward is a kind of direction sent4: rock means stone sent5: downward means down sent6: producing thrust causes something / an animal / an object to move sent7: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent8: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent9: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent10: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent11: magnetism is a kind of force sent12: gravity is a kind of force sent13: a rock is a kind of object sent14: to cause means to have an effect sent15: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent16: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent17: colliding is a kind of touching sent18: rotate means turn sent19: rocks are a kind of structure sent20: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent21: rock is a kind of nonliving thing sent22: due to means caused by sent23: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent24: can be means able to be sent25: to cause means to result in
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity is a kind of force [AND] a rock is a kind of object [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes rocks to be pulled down on the planet
Question: A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: mechanical force is a kind of mechanical energy sent2: to cause means to result in sent3: causing is a kind of affecting sent4: the ground means earth 's surface sent5: a droplet is a kind of little drop sent6: determine is similar to cause sent7: a ball is a kind of object sent8: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent9: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent10: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent11: to drop means to fall sent12: gravity is a kind of force sent13: to pass means to transfer sent14: a drop / droplet is a kind of liquid of small amount sent15: colliding is a kind of touching sent16: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent17: to cause means to have an effect sent18: due to means caused by sent19: gravity helps move blood through the body sent20: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent21: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent22: drop means decrease sent23: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent24: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent25: down is a kind of direction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity is a kind of force [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent3: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent4: drop means decrease sent5: if an object in a fluid is more dense than that fluid then that object will sink in that fluid because of gravity sent6: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent7: a ball is a kind of object sent8: gravity is a kind of force sent9: to cause means to result in sent10: downward means down sent11: to drop means to fall sent12: ground means floor sent13: down is a kind of direction sent14: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent15: motion / movement means moving / to move sent16: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent17: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent18: rotate means turn sent19: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent20: determine is similar to cause sent21: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent22: the ground means earth 's surface sent23: due to means caused by sent24: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent25: an example of exerting force on an object is lifting an object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet