ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the highest temperature that water can reach in a pot on a stove?
Answer: 100C
Hypothesis: the highest temperature water can reach is 100c
Supporting facts: sent1: water is colder in temperature than steam sent2: the boiling point of water is 100c sent3: heat is a kind of energy sent4: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent5: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent6: the highest temperature a liquid can reach is it's boiling point sent7: as the specific heat of a material decreases , the temperature of the material will increase more given the same amount of energy sent8: boiling means the volume of a liquid decreases sent9: heat means heat energy sent10: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent11: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent12: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent13: boiling is a kind of phase change sent14: adding heat means increasing temperature sent15: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent16: cooling means temperature decreases sent17: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent18: warm up means increase temperature sent19: steam / water vapor is a kind of water above 100 degrees celsius sent20: degrees kelvin ( k ) is an si unit used for measuring temperature generally used for values between 0 and 50000000 sent21: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent22: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent23: water is a kind of liquid sent24: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent25: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of liquid [AND] the highest temperature a liquid can reach is it's boiling point [INFER] int1: the highest temperature water can reach is it's boiling point [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the boiling point of water is 100c [INFER] int2: the highest temperature water can reach is 100c
Question: What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
Answer: They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.
Hypothesis: the water molecules will move faster and farther apart
Supporting facts: sent1: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent2: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent3: faster means an increase / higher in speed sent4: particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas sent5: fast means quickly sent6: heat means temperature increases sent7: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent10: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent11: water is a kind of substance sent12: adding heat means increasing temperature sent13: faster means increased rate sent14: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster and farther apart sent15: water is in a boiling process sent16: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent17: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent18: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent19: warm up means increase temperature sent20: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent21: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent22: denser liquids / particles in liquids / materials settle below liquids or particles in liquids / materials that are less dense sent23: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent24: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent25: as the temperature increases , the kinetic energy of the molecules will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] water is in a boiling process [AND] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int1: the heat energy of water is increasing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: the temperature of water is increasing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster and farther apart [INFER] int3: the water molecules will move faster and farther apart
Question: What happens at the boiling point of a substance?
Answer: liquid becomes a gas
Hypothesis: the substance will change from liquid to gas when it is heated over its boiling point
Supporting facts: sent1: formation of a state of matter is a kind of process sent2: state of matter is a kind of physical property sent3: gas is a kind of material sent4: boiling point is a kind of physical property sent5: state of matter means physical state sent6: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent7: sublimation means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent8: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent9: vapor is synonymous with gas sent10: becoming is a kind of action sent11: a liquid is a kind of substance sent12: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent13: boiling is a kind of event sent14: boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point sent15: if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise sent16: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent17: something that happens is a kind of event sent18: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent19: state means form sent20: heating a liquid can be used to identify the liquid 's boiling point sent21: phase means state sent22: to become is similar to change into sent23: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent24: becoming is similar to forming sent25: boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a liquid is a kind of substance [AND] boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point [AND] boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int1: the substance will change from liquid to gas when it is heated over its boiling point
Question: In which way are evaporation and condensation similar?
Answer: Both are caused by changes in heat energy.
Hypothesis: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by the change of heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent2: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent3: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent4: condensing is a kind of phase change sent5: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent6: both means two sent7: adding heat means increasing temperature sent8: heating means adding heat sent9: heat means heat energy sent10: sublimation means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent11: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent12: to change means to cause a change sent13: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent14: similar means in common sent15: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent16: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent17: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent18: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent19: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent20: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent21: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent22: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent23: water vapor / steam cooling causes that water vapor / steam to condense sent24: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent25: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] condensing is a kind of phase change [AND] evaporating is a kind of phase change [INFER] int1: evaporating and condensing are both phase change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature changing can cause phase changes [INFER] int2: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by temperature changing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by the change of heat energy
Question: Which is an example of water condensing?
Answer: Dew forming on plants during a cold night
Hypothesis: dew forming is an example of water vapor condensing
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent2: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent3: cooling means temperature decreases sent4: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent5: moisture means liquid / liquid water sent6: phase means state sent7: cool means cold sent8: dry means low in amount of water / wetness / moisture sent9: warm / becoming warm means heat is added sent10: if an object is placed in a substance / in a location that is colder then that object will cool to the same temperature of that substance / of that location sent11: condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent12: moisture is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of dry / humid sent13: to make means to form sent14: dew is formed when water vapor condenses over night sent15: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent16: water is in the gas state , called water vapor sent17: if a hot object / substance is exposed to / touches a cold object / substance then that object / that substance will likely cool sent18: condensing is a kind of phase change sent19: water is a kind of substance sent20: form means kind sent21: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent22: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent23: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent24: a droplet is a kind of little drop sent25: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: water condensing means water changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor [INFER] int2: water condensing means water vapor changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] dew is formed when water vapor condenses over night [INFER] int3: dew forming is an example of water vapor condensing
Question: During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?
Answer: condensation
Hypothesis: water will change from water vapor to liquid water in the process of condensing
Supporting facts: sent1: colder / cooler means lower in temperature sent2: state of matter means physical state sent3: beneath means below sent4: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent5: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent6: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam sent7: dew is a kind of condensation sent8: condensation is a kind of process sent9: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent10: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent11: state means form sent12: water is a kind of substance sent13: dew is formed when water vapor condenses / cools over night sent14: condensing means matter / a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent15: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent16: steam / water vapor is a kind of water phase sent17: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water sent18: cooling means temperature decreases sent19: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent20: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent21: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent22: phase means state sent23: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent24: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent25: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] condensing means matter / a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [AND] water is in the liquid state , called liquid water [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam [INFER] int1: water condensing is when water changes from water vapor to liquid water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] condensation is a kind of process [INFER] int2: water will change from water vapor to liquid water in the process of condensing
Question: If left in the sunshine, water in an open jar will
Answer: evaporate.
Hypothesis: the water will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent2: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent3: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent4: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent5: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent6: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent7: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent8: warm up means increase temperature sent9: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent10: the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k sent11: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent12: evaporation is allowing a liquid to evaporate to separate any solid that was mixed with it sent13: sublimation means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent14: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent15: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent16: adding heat means increasing temperature sent17: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent18: water is a kind of substance sent19: heat is a kind of energy sent20: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent21: heat energy can change the state of matter sent22: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent23: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent24: the water is absorbing sunlight sent25: heat means heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] the water is absorbing sunlight [INFER] int1: the water will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: the water will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: the water will evaporate
Question: A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely
Answer: decreased
Hypothesis: the volume of water decreased
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling causes the volume of a liquid to decrease sent2: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent3: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent4: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent5: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent6: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent7: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent8: matter in the gas phase has variable volume sent9: level is similar to amount / quantity sent10: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent11: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent12: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent13: to limit means to decrease sent14: deplete is similar to decrease sent15: evaporation causes amount of water to decrease sent16: measuring requires reading a measurement sent17: to reduce means to decrease sent18: the volume of a liquid displaced is similar to the volume of a liquid increased sent19: the water was boiled sent20: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent21: volume is similar to amount sent22: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent23: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent24: to lower means to decrease sent25: experimentation requires measuring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling causes the volume of a liquid to decrease [AND] the water was boiled [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [INFER] int1: the volume of water decreased
Question: Which is the best example of evaporation?
Answer: a puddle drying in the sun
Hypothesis: the puddle will evaporate and change from a liquid to a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent4: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent5: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent6: a puddle is in the sunlight sent7: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent8: gas is a kind of state of matter sent9: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent10: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent11: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent12: warm up means increase temperature sent13: heat is a kind of energy sent14: a puddle is a kind of body of water sent15: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent16: drying up means losing all water sent17: a hot substance is a source of heat sent18: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent19: cooling means temperature decreases sent20: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent21: sublimation means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent22: evaporation is allowing a liquid to evaporate to separate any solid that was mixed with it sent23: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent24: heat means temperature increases sent25: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a puddle is in the sunlight [INFER] int1: the puddle will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a puddle is a kind of body of water [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [INFER] int2: the puddle will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the puddle will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a puddle is a kind of body of water [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int4: the puddle will evaporate and change from a liquid to a gas
Question: A student leaves a bucket of water outside on a warm, sunny day. Which process most likely happens to the water in the bucket?
Answer: evaporation
Hypothesis: the water in the bucket will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent2: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy sent3: to be in the sun means to be in the sunlight sent4: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent5: cooling means temperature decreases sent6: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent7: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent8: heat is a kind of energy sent9: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent10: water absorbs light energy sent11: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent12: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent13: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent14: warm up means increase temperature sent15: if heat is added to a substance then that substance absorbs that heat sent16: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent17: water is a kind of substance sent18: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent19: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent20: solar energy can warm up the air sent21: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent22: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent23: if a liquid disappears then that liquid probably evaporated sent24: a bucket of water is in the sunlight sent25: as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the amount of water evaporated from the body of water will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a bucket of water is in the sunlight [INFER] int1: the water in the bucket will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [INFER] int2: the water in the bucket will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: the water in the bucket will evaporate