ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Thousands of years ago, several species of large mammals existed in North America. These species became extinct not long after the first human settlement of North America. Which human activity most likely contributed to the extinction of these mammals?
Answer: hunting
Hypothesis: if hunting decreases the animal population to zero, then that animal is extinct
Supporting facts: sent1: a predator is a kind of animal sent2: harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease sent3: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent4: negative impacts on organisms / species will decrease the population of the organisms / the species sent5: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent6: killing means harming something causing death sent7: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species sent8: as population of prey decreases , the population of predators will decrease sent9: endangered means low in population sent10: hunting is when a human kills an animal for food / recreation in the wild sent11: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent12: death means to die sent13: an animal is a kind of organism sent14: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent15: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent16: an animal is a member of an animal species sent17: a disruption of an ecosystem can cause an extinction sent18: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent19: over hunting means overhunting sent20: if a population decreases to zero then that organism is extinct sent21: an animal is a kind of living thing sent22: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent23: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent24: killing a living thing decreases the population of that living thing sent25: if the population of an animal decreases then that animal may no longer be found in that place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] hunting is when a human kills an animal for food / recreation in the wild [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] killing a living thing decreases the population of that living thing [INFER] int1: hunting / overhunting decreases animal populations [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] if a population decreases to zero then that organism is extinct [INFER] int2: if hunting decreases the animal population to zero, then that animal is extinct
Question: When hunting by humans causes a species to become extinct, this may produce damaging effects throughout the ecosystem of the extinct species. What is the cause of this damage?
Answer: alteration of a food web
Hypothesis: extinctions of organisms can cause damage to an ecosystem by changing the food web
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent2: having an impact on something means altering that something sent3: destroying animal habitats has a negative impact on an ecosystem sent4: something being destroyed means that something no longer exists sent5: a natural ecosystem contains native living things only sent6: humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed sent7: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent8: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent9: over hunting means overhunting sent10: if an animal 's / organisms habitat no longer exists / ceases to exist then that animal / that organism will die sent11: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent12: a change in a food web can cause damage to an ecosystem sent13: destroying something causes harm to that something sent14: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent15: an organism becoming extinct causes a change in the organism 's food web sent16: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent17: damage means harm sent18: a disruption of an ecosystem can cause an extinction sent19: if the population of an animal decreases then that animal may no longer be found in that place sent20: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent21: humans changing an environment causes animal populations to decrease in that environment sent22: endangered means low in population sent23: changing an ecosystem is similar to disrupting an ecosystem sent24: causing is a kind of affecting sent25: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a change in a food web can cause damage to an ecosystem [AND] an organism becoming extinct causes a change in the organism 's food web [INFER] int1: extinctions of organisms can cause damage to an ecosystem by changing the food web
Question: Aluminum containers can be melted and made into new products. How will recycling aluminum most likely benefit communities?
Answer: People will add less to landfills.
Hypothesis: recycling aluminum can decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills
Supporting facts: sent1: to reduce means to decrease sent2: aluminum is recyclable sent3: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent4: less means a reduced amount sent5: recycling is a kind of method of disposal sent6: recycling decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills sent7: recycling is similar to reusing sent8: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent9: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent10: discarding aluminum cans wastes aluminum sent11: recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times sent12: recyclability is a property of a material and includes ordered values of nonrecyclable / recyclable sent13: using less of a resource means conserving that resource sent14: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent15: if something is eliminated then the amount of that something decreases sent16: garbage means waste sent17: if a human discards an object then that object will become waste sent18: an environment means an area sent19: humans discarding waste in an environment causes harm to that environment sent20: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent21: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent22: recycling means reusing sent23: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent24: if an amount of objects decreases then those objects are fewer in number sent25: waste must be removed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times [AND] aluminum is recyclable [INFER] int1: aluminum can be recycled [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] recycling decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills [INFER] int2: recycling aluminum can decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills
Question: Which is the best example of recycling?
Answer: using aluminum cans to make new products
Hypothesis: using aluminum cans to make a new object is an example of recycling
Supporting facts: sent1: make means produce sent2: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent3: replacing is similar to recycling sent4: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent5: recycling is a kind of action sent6: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent7: recycling means using over again sent8: aluminum is a kind of matter sent9: recycling is similar to reusing sent10: to convert means to change sent11: aluminum cans are made of aluminum sent12: recycling is a kind of method of disposal sent13: an object is made of its parts sent14: recycling means reusing sent15: an aluminum can is a kind of object sent16: to produce means to create sent17: to create means to make sent18: a garbage can is made of metal sent19: creating means making sent20: best means most positive sent21: an example of recycling is using an object to make a new object sent22: recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times sent23: aluminum is recyclable sent24: replace means change from one thing into another sent25: metal is a kind of natural resource
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum cans are made of aluminum [AND] aluminum is recyclable [INFER] int1: aluminum cans are recyclable [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times [INFER] int2: aluminum cans can be recyled many times [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an aluminum can is a kind of object [AND] an example of recycling is using an object to make a new object [INFER] int3: using aluminum cans to make a new object is an example of recycling
Question: Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled?
Answer: an aluminum can
Hypothesis: an aluminum can is recyclable
Supporting facts: sent1: recycling is similar to reusing sent2: materials are made of matter sent3: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent4: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent5: greater means higher / more in value sent6: to recycle means return sent7: can be means able to be sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: useful means able to be used sent10: a tool is a kind of object sent11: replacing is similar to recycling sent12: cannot is the opposite of can sent13: aluminum is recyclable sent14: recycling means using over again sent15: if something / an invention / a discovery is invented / discovered then that something / that invention / that discovery can be used sent16: aluminum is a kind of matter sent17: an object has properties sent18: an aluminum can is made of aluminum sent19: recycling means reusing sent20: material means substance sent21: cannot means not be able to sent22: experiment is synonymous with test sent23: can means having the ability to sent24: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent25: an object is made of its parts
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum is recyclable [AND] an aluminum can is made of aluminum [INFER] int1: an aluminum can is recyclable
Question: One way that students can help conserve natural resources at school is by
Answer: recycling aluminum cans.
Hypothesis: recycling aluminum cans has a positive impact on the conservation of those resources
Supporting facts: sent1: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent2: recycling means reusing sent3: if a human discards an object then that object will become waste sent4: recycling is a kind of method of disposal sent5: a garbage can is made of metal sent6: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent7: natural resources are found in nature sent8: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent9: recycling reduces / decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills sent10: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent11: a natural resource is a kind of environmental factor sent12: to conserve means to not change sent13: aluminum is a kind of metal sent14: metal is a kind of natural resource sent15: recycling resources has a positive impact on the conservation of those resources sent16: replacing is similar to recycling sent17: aluminum cans are made of aluminum sent18: garbage means waste sent19: an example of recycling is using an object to make a new object sent20: using less of a resource means conserving that resource sent21: nature means a natural environment sent22: recycling is similar to reusing sent23: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent24: recycling means using over again sent25: recycling reduces the resources needed to make something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum is a kind of metal [AND] metal is a kind of natural resource [INFER] int1: aluminum is a kind of natural resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] aluminum cans are made of aluminum [INFER] int2: aluminum cans are made of a natural resource [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] recycling resources has a positive impact on the conservation of those resources [INFER] int3: recycling aluminum cans has a positive impact on the conservation of those resources
Question: In 2004, Maryland recycled more than 35% of all of the waste the state produced. Which of these benefits does recycling provide to Maryland?
Answer: less trash sent to landfills
Hypothesis: recycling decreases the amount of trash sent to landfills
Supporting facts: sent1: garbage means waste sent2: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent3: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent4: a compost pile is used for recycling plants sent5: using less resources usually causes money to be saved sent6: recycling is similar to reusing sent7: to discard means to throw away sent8: being used for is similar to providing sent9: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent10: waste must be removed sent11: recyclability is a property of a material and includes ordered values of nonrecyclable / recyclable sent12: to lower means to decrease sent13: containing something is similar to providing that something sent14: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent15: to reduce means to decrease sent16: to add means to increase sent17: dumping something in an environment means adding that something to that environment sent18: recycling decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills sent19: fewer means lower / less in number sent20: recycling means using over again sent21: trash is similar to waste sent22: using less of a resource means conserving that resource sent23: if the amount of / quantity of something stops decreasing then the amount of / quantity of that something may increase sent24: using resources decreases those resources sent25: recycling means reusing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] recycling decreases the amount of waste sent to landfills [AND] trash is similar to waste [INFER] int1: recycling decreases the amount of trash sent to landfills
Question: Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource. Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment?
Answer: recycling it
Hypothesis: recycling aluminum is the best way to dispose aluminum
Supporting facts: sent1: recycling means using over again sent2: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent3: aluminum is a nonrenewable resource sent4: garbage means waste sent5: recyclability is a property of a material and includes ordered values of nonrecyclable / recyclable sent6: waste must be removed sent7: a compost pile is used for recycling plants sent8: recycling nonrenewable resources has a positive impact on the environment sent9: recycling is similar to reusing sent10: aluminum is recyclable sent11: if a human discards an object then that object will become waste sent12: recycling is a kind of method of disposal sent13: trash is synonymous with waste sent14: an example of conservation is avoiding waste sent15: to discard means to throw away sent16: landfills have a negative impact on the environment / communities sent17: replacing is similar to recycling sent18: investigating requires gathering information sent19: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent20: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent21: recyclable means a material can be recycled many times sent22: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent23: aluminum is a kind of material sent24: recycling means reusing sent25: studying is similar to investigating
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum is recyclable [AND] aluminum is a kind of material [INFER] int1: aluminum is a kind of material that is recyclable [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] recyclable means a material can be recycled many times [INFER] int2: aluminum can be recycled many times [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] aluminum is a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int3: aluminum is a nonrenewable resource that can be recycled many times [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] recycling nonrenewable resources has a positive impact on the environment [INFER] int4: recycling aluminum has a positive impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] recycling is a kind of method of disposal [INFER] int5: recycling aluminum is the best way to dispose aluminum
Question: A scientist working on a new package design wants to use a material that is highly recyclable, biodegradable, and inexpensive. The best material for the package design is
Answer: cardboard.
Hypothesis: cardboard is a material that is recyclable, biodegradable, and inexpensive in cost
Supporting facts: sent1: to make possible means to be required sent2: cheap is similar to inexpensive sent3: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent4: cardboard is a kind of material sent5: desirable result means positive impact sent6: cardboard is recyclable sent7: cardboard is biodegradable sent8: an object is made of its parts sent9: both means two sent10: different materials usually have different properties sent11: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent12: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent13: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent14: less means a reduced amount sent15: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent16: cardboard is inexpensive in cost sent17: best means most positive sent18: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent19: new means different from the former one sent20: to recycle means return sent21: useful means good to use sent22: to contain means to have inside sent23: high-quality means positive sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: to be made of is similar to collection
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cardboard is inexpensive in cost [AND] cardboard is a kind of material [AND] cardboard is recyclable [AND] cardboard is biodegradable [INFER] int1: cardboard is a material that is recyclable, biodegradable, and inexpensive in cost
Question: Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state?
Answer: extremely high pressure
Hypothesis: the inner core of earth is solid
Supporting facts: sent1: heat means heat energy sent2: the formation of diamonds requires intense pressure sent3: the inner core is located in the center of the earth sent4: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent5: constant means not changing sent6: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent7: stay the same means not changing sent8: extreme high pressure causes the inner core of earth to be in solid state sent9: earth has air sent10: to remain means to stay the same sent11: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent12: maintaining is similar to having sent13: to remain means to not change sent14: intense means extreme sent15: earth is made of rock sent16: magma is extremely high in temperature sent17: tremendous means intense sent18: the pressure at the center of the earth is extremely high sent19: keeping means staying sent20: state means form sent21: to maintain means to not change sent22: physical state means state of matter sent23: high means a lot of something sent24: magma is in the solid state , called rocks , for temperatures lower than 1100 / 600 f / c sent25: state of matter means physical state
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the pressure at the center of the earth is extremely high [AND] the inner core is located in the center of the earth [INFER] int1: the inner core of the earth is under extremely high pressure [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] extreme high pressure causes the inner core of earth to be in solid state [INFER] int2: the inner core of earth is solid
Question: A difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust is that the oceanic crust is
Answer: more dense than the continental crust.
Hypothesis: the oceanic crust is more dense than the continental crust
Supporting facts: sent1: colliding means coming into a collision sent2: the continental shelf is made of sediment sent3: the continental shelf is a part of the ocean sent4: granite is a kind of igneous rock sent5: continental land masses are located on earth sent6: the movement of crustal plates causes seafloor spreading sent7: both means two sent8: subduction is when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate sent9: basalt is more dense than granite sent10: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent11: the oceanic plate is a kind of tectonic plate sent12: denser liquids / particles in liquids / materials settle below liquids or particles in liquids / materials that are less dense sent13: crustal plate means tectonic plate sent14: the collision of tectonic plates are found at the convergent boundaries / the converging boundaries sent15: the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt sent16: the collision of tectonic plates changes the order of the rock layers by compressing rock layers into faults and folds sent17: the crust is divided into tectonic plates sent18: the continental crust mainly is made of granite sent19: pacific plate is a kind of oceanic plate sent20: magma is extremely high in temperature sent21: seafloor spreading causes cooled magma to form on the edges of tectonic plates on earth sent22: denser means more dense sent23: the subduction of tectonic plates is found at the convergent boundaries / the converging boundaries sent24: the continental plate is a kind of tectonic plate sent25: less dense liquids / particles in liquids / materials float liquids / particiles in liquids / materials that are more dense
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt [AND] the continental crust mainly is made of granite [AND] basalt is more dense than granite [INFER] int1: the oceanic crust is more dense than the continental crust