ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration?
Answer: to provide energy for cell activities
Hypothesis: cellular repiration produces energy for cell activites by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: cell activity means cell process sent2: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent3: all cells take in energy sent4: an organism requires energy for growth / repair sent5: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent6: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent7: to produce means to provide sent8: what something needs is a property of that something sent9: being used for is similar to providing sent10: to provide means to supply sent11: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent12: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent13: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent14: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent15: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent16: to give off means to be the source of sent17: providing something means making / delivering something sent18: an organism breaks down sugar to release energy sent19: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent20: cells are a part of the body sent21: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent22: purpose means role sent23: a function is an activity sent24: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent25: a source of something increases the amount of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular repiration produces energy for cell activites by extracting energy from food
Question: What is the result of cellular respiration?
Answer: Energy for cell processes is released.
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: the cell cycle is when a cell forms new cells sent2: living things require respiration to use energy sent3: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent4: emit means produce sent5: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent6: produce is similar to release sent7: producing is a kind of function sent8: a process is made of a series of actions sent9: all cells take in energy sent10: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent11: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent12: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent13: a cell absorbs nutrients sent14: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent15: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy sent16: cells are a part of the body sent17: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent18: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent19: to give off means to be the source of sent20: all cells require energy sent21: action means activity sent22: result means outcome sent23: chemical energy is a kind of energy sent24: to emit means to release sent25: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: In the human body, cellular respiration breaks down sugar molecules after they enter the cell. What results from this process?
Answer: release of energy
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy by converting sugars and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Supporting facts: sent1: metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an animal 's body sent2: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent3: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent4: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent5: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent6: all cells require energy sent7: breaking down is a kind of function sent8: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent9: cells are a part of the body sent10: to give off means to be the source of sent11: cell activity means cell process sent12: breaking food into nutrients means preparing food for cells sent13: where something comes from is a source of that something sent14: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent15: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent16: cell division means cell reproduction sent17: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent18: producing is similar to releasing sent19: releasing energy is a kind of function sent20: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent21: food contains carbohydrates sent22: the cell cycle is when a cell forms new cells sent23: living things require respiration to use energy sent24: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent25: cell division often causes growth / healing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carbohydrates are made of sugars [AND] cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration converts from oxygen and sugars into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [BECAUSE] carbohydrates are made of sugars [AND] food contains carbohydrates [AND] cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int2: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from sugars to produce energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: cellular respiration produces energy by converting sugars and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Question: Which structure surrounds and protects an animal cell?
Answer: Cell membrane
Hypothesis: the cell membrane is the cell structure that provides protection for an animal cell
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent2: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent3: to be found in means to be contained in sent4: an animal cell is a kind of cell sent5: to protect means to make safe sent6: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent7: a cell membrane is a kind of cell structure sent8: cell activity means cell process sent9: including means containing sent10: an animal is a member of an animal species sent11: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent12: something dangerous can cause harm sent13: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent14: visible means able to be seen sent15: can be means able to be sent16: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent17: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent18: harm means danger sent19: protection means resistance to damage increases sent20: motion / movement means moving / to move sent21: a human cell is a kind of cell sent22: the cell membrane provides support / protection for a cell sent23: cells are a part of the body sent24: damage means harm sent25: to protect means to defend
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cell membrane provides support / protection for a cell [AND] a cell membrane is a kind of cell structure [INFER] int1: the cell membrane is the cell structure that provides protection for a cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal cell is a kind of cell [INFER] int2: the cell membrane is the cell structure that provides protection for an animal cell
Question: Which cellular structure allows nutrients to pass into cells?
Answer: membrane
Hypothesis: the cell membrane allows nutrients to enter and leave the cell
Supporting facts: sent1: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent2: contains means located in sent3: to pass means to transfer sent4: material means substance sent5: where something comes from is a source of that something sent6: can be means able to be sent7: nutrients are a kind of material sent8: cell activity means cell process sent9: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent10: biotic means living sent11: providing is a kind of function sent12: take in means absorb sent13: to pass through means to move through sent14: food is a kind of substance sent15: the cell membrane allows materials to enter and leave the cell sent16: passing through is similar to entering sent17: to pass means to occur sent18: can means having the ability to sent19: food is a kind of object sent20: to pass means to travel sent21: nutrients are simpler than food sent22: transfer is a kind of change sent23: passing is a kind of action sent24: transfer is a kind of process sent25: cells are a part of the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cell membrane allows materials to enter and leave the cell [AND] nutrients are a kind of material [INFER] int1: the cell membrane allows nutrients to enter and leave the cell
Question: Which of these is the main function of a cell wall?
Answer: To provide support
Hypothesis: the main function of a cell wall is to provide support for a plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is required then that something must be provided sent2: function is similar to purpose sent3: a function is a kind of characteristic sent4: action means activity sent5: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent6: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent7: purpose means role sent8: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent9: providing support is a kind of function sent10: can be means able to be sent11: to serve as means to be used as sent12: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent13: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent14: cells are a part of the body sent15: to work means to function sent16: a function is an activity sent17: a plant is made of plant cells sent18: including means containing sent19: cell activity means cell process sent20: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent21: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent22: role means function sent23: to enable is similar to cause sent24: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent25: providing something means making / delivering something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell [AND] providing support is a kind of function [INFER] int1: the main function of a cell wall is to provide support for a plant cell
Question: Which structure is found in producers in nearly all ecosystems?
Answer: chloroplasts
Hypothesis: chloroplasts are the structure that is in the cells of producers
Supporting facts: sent1: a role in the ecosystem is a role in the food chain process sent2: to produce means to provide sent3: a plant is a member of a plant species sent4: phytoplankton is a kind of plant sent5: plants are part of the bilogical kingdom plantae sent6: including means containing sent7: nature means a natural environment sent8: an environment is similar to an ecosystem sent9: a chloroplast is a kind of plant cell structure sent10: green plants are a kind of producer sent11: a structure is a kind of feature sent12: a plant cell contains chloroplasts sent13: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent14: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent15: producers pass materials they use through the food chain sent16: a region is similar to an environment sent17: plants are a part of the environment sent18: the earth contains many ecosystems sent19: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent20: producing is a kind of process sent21: green plants are made of plant cells sent22: if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: if a plant is planted / growing somewhere then that plant is located there sent25: a tree is a kind of plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] green plants are a kind of producer [AND] green plants are made of plant cells [INFER] int1: green plants as producers are made of plant cells [BECAUSE] a plant cell contains chloroplasts [AND] a chloroplast is a kind of plant cell structure [INFER] int2: a plant cell contains a strucutre called chloroplast [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: chloroplasts are the structure that is in the cells of producers
Question: Which of these cell parts contain instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next?
Answer: chromosomes
Hypothesis: the chromosome is the part of the cell that contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next
Supporting facts: sent1: trait means property sent2: genes contains genetic information sent3: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent4: an object is made of its parts sent5: a chromosome is a part of a cell sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: the parent cell is the original cell sent8: including means containing sent9: cell division means cell reproduction sent10: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent11: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent12: direction is similar to instruction sent13: parents produce offspring sent14: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent15: cell division is a kind of process sent16: a chromosome contains genes sent17: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent18: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent19: where something comes from is a source of that something sent20: passage is passing sent21: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent22: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent23: cell activity means cell process sent24: make means produce sent25: a chromosomes of a human contains thousands of genes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes contains genetic information [AND] genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next [INFER] int1: genes contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a chromosome contains genes [INFER] int2: the chromosome contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a chromosome is a part of a cell [INFER] int3: the chromosome is the part of the cell that contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next
Question: Which of the following best describes the number of chromosomes in a normal human liver cell?
Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes
Hypothesis: a liver cell of a human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
Supporting facts: sent1: a multicellular organism is made of many cells sent2: cell division often causes growth / healing sent3: pair means two sent4: usual means normal sent5: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent6: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent7: cell division is a kind of process sent8: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent9: two somatic cells from the same multicellular organism will have the same number of chromosomes sent10: tissues are a smaller level of organization than organs in living things sent11: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent12: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent13: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent14: a somatic cell of a human contains 23 pairs of / 46 chromosomes sent15: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent16: cell activity means cell process sent17: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent18: a body cell means a somatic cell sent19: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent20: how many means what number sent21: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent22: cell division means cell reproduction sent23: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent24: a kidney is a kind of organ in an animal sent25: a liver cell is a kind of somatic cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a somatic cell of a human contains 23 pairs of / 46 chromosomes [AND] a liver cell is a kind of somatic cell [INFER] int1: a liver cell of a human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
Question: Chromosomes contain the genetic information of an organism. Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. Most of the cells of a fruit fly have 8 chromosomes. Which statement best explains the source of the chromosomes in a normal fertilized fruit fly egg?
Answer: The sperm cell provides 4 chromosomes and the egg cell provides 4 chromosomes.
Hypothesis: the sperm and the egg cell each provides 4 chromosomes for the fertilized fruit fly egg
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division means cell reproduction sent2: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent3: cell division often causes growth / healing sent4: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent5: 4 is half of 8 sent6: the ovaries are used in reproduction sent7: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent8: an animal requires a mate to fertilize an egg sent9: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent10: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent11: a fertilized egg cell is a kind of somatic cell sent12: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent13: sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity sent14: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent15: in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring sent16: a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: a somatic cell of a fruit fly usually has 8 chromosomes sent19: a fertilized egg is formed by a sperm and an egg cell fusing together sent20: an egg cell is a kind of sex cell sent21: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent22: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization sent23: sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variation / naturally occurring variation in offspring / in a species sent24: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent25: meiosis produces four haploid sex cells from a diploid parent cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fertilized egg cell is a kind of somatic cell [AND] a somatic cell of a fruit fly usually has 8 chromosomes [INFER] int1: a fertilized egg cell of a fruit fly will have 8 chromosomes [BECAUSE] a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell [AND] a fertilized egg is formed by a sperm and an egg cell fusing together [AND] an egg cell is a kind of sex cell [INFER] int2: a fertilized egg is formed by the fusion of two kinds of sex cells, a sperm and an egg cell [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int3: the sperm and the egg cell will each provide half of the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [AND] 4 is half of 8 [INFER] int4: the sperm and the egg cell each provides 4 chromosomes for the fertilized fruit fly egg
Question: An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions?
Answer: mitochondrion
Hypothesis: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that provides energy to cells using oxygen and glucose
Supporting facts: sent1: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent2: needing something means depending on that something sent3: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent4: a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle sent5: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent6: providing something means making / delivering something sent7: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent8: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent9: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent10: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent11: mitochondrion provides energy to cells using oxygen and glucose sent12: activator is a kind of protein sent13: a person is a kind of animal sent14: where something comes from is a source of that something sent15: what something needs is a property of that something sent16: resources sometimes are used for energy sent17: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent18: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent19: a function is an activity sent20: cell activity means cell process sent21: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent22: if something is powered by something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent23: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent24: requiring is similar to needing help sent25: requiring something means needing that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mitochondrion provides energy to cells using oxygen and glucose [AND] a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle [INFER] int1: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that provides energy to cells using oxygen and glucose