ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a
Answer: gas.
Hypothesis: the substance is likely a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: gas is a kind of material sent3: if something moves then that something is in a different location sent4: atoms in a gas collide frequently sent5: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: if something enters something else then that something is in that something else sent8: motion / movement means moving / to move sent9: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent10: consistent means constant sent11: the motion of molecules is random sent12: colliding means coming into a collision sent13: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent14: often is similar to likely sent15: the atoms in a substance move independently of ont another and collide frequently sent16: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent17: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent18: events occur at a specific place / at a specific time / with a specific frequency sent19: similar means in common sent20: rarely means not sent21: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent22: atoms in a gas move independently of one another sent23: consistent means usual sent24: to happen means to occur sent25: a gas is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the atoms in a substance move independently of ont another and collide frequently [AND] atoms in a gas move independently of one another [AND] atoms in a gas collide frequently [INFER] int1: the substance is likely a gas
Question: Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?
Answer: a cake baking in an oven.
Hypothesis: baking a cake can cause a chemical reaction to the cake
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent2: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent3: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent4: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent5: materials are made of matter sent6: chemical reactions in an egg that is being heated cause the liquid parts of the egg to become solid sent7: to change means to cause a change sent8: adding heat means increasing temperature sent9: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent10: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent11: heat is a kind of energy sent12: a cake is a kind of food sent13: heat means heat energy sent14: adding heat to an object causes chemical reactions sent15: baking is when a human makes food by adding heat sent16: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent17: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent18: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent19: if something absorbs / requires more heat than it gives off in an reaction , then something will be cold in temperature sent20: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent21: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent22: if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm sent23: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent24: bacteria / molds / yeast cause food to spoil sent25: to convert means to change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cake is a kind of food [AND] baking is when a human makes food by adding heat [INFER] int1: baking cake is adding heat to the cake [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] adding heat to an object causes chemical reactions [INFER] int2: baking a cake can cause a chemical reaction to the cake
Question: Why can a small fire be put out by placing a heavy blanket over it?
Answer: This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire.
Hypothesis: placing a blanket on fire will stop the fire from burning
Supporting facts: sent1: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent2: decreasing something is similar to fighting something sent3: avoiding is similar to preventing sent4: to inhibit means to prevent sent5: to cause means to result in sent6: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent7: placing a blanket on fire cuts off the oxygen sent8: combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy sent9: a fire requires oxygen to burn sent10: to reduce means to decrease sent11: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent12: inhibitor means something that prevents something from happening sent13: to prevent the occurence of an event means to decrease the occurence of the event sent14: to prevent means to make it not happen sent15: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent16: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent17: to keep something occurring means to cause that something to occur sent18: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent19: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent20: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent21: fanning a fire increases the oxygen near the fire sent22: if something is required for a process then keeping that something from reaching that process can stop that process sent23: to cause means to make sent24: breathing is when a lung converts from oxygen in air into oxygen in blood sent25: a pull is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] placing a blanket on fire cuts off the oxygen [AND] a fire requires oxygen to burn [INFER] int1: placing a blanket on fire cuts off the oxygen required for fire to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is required for a process then keeping that something from reaching that process can stop that process [INFER] int2: placing a blanket on fire will stop the fire from burning
Question: A drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum. When the drain cleaner is added to water, bubbles of hydrogen are produced, and the solution becomes very hot. Which of these best describes what happens to form the bubbles when the cleaner is added to water? F
Answer: chemical reaction
Hypothesis: a chemical reaction happened when sodium hydroxide, aluminum, and water are combined
Supporting facts: sent1: the drain cleaner is added into water sent2: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent3: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent4: if something absorbs / requires more heat than it gives off in an reaction , then something will be cold in temperature sent5: hydrogen is produced sent6: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions sent7: substances have chemical properties sent8: hydrogen contains chemical energy sent9: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent10: the solution becomes really hot sent11: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent12: heat is a kind of energy sent13: different substances usually have different amount of chemical energy sent14: to cause the formation of means to form sent15: becoming is similar to forming sent16: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent17: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent18: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent19: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent20: cleaner means less / lower in pollutants sent21: an example of a chemical property is how a material reacts chemically sent22: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent23: a drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum sent24: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent25: oxygen is a kind of gas at room temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the drain cleaner is added into water [AND] a drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum [INFER] int1: sodium hydroxide, aluminum, and water are combined [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] hydrogen is produced [INFER] int2: hydrogen is produced when sodium, aluminum, and water are combined [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the solution becomes really hot [INFER] int3: heat energy is released when sodium hydroxide, aluminum, and water are combined [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a chemical reaction happened when sodium hydroxide, aluminum, and water are combined
Question: Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
Answer: nails rusting
Hypothesis: nails rusting is a kind of chemical reaction
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions sent3: being derived from is similar to being formed sent4: to give off means to be the source of sent5: becoming is similar to forming sent6: forming is similar to converting sent7: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent8: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent9: iron is a kind of metal sent10: metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust sent11: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent12: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent13: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent14: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent15: to change into means to form sent16: nails are often made of iron sent17: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent18: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent19: to convert means to change sent20: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent21: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent22: to make means to form sent23: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent24: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent25: to cause the formation of means to form
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nails are often made of iron [AND] iron is a kind of metal [INFER] int1: nails are made of metal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust [INFER] int2: nails in contact with water and oxygen will rust [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int3: nails rusting is a kind of chemical change [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int4: nails rusting is a kind of chemical reaction
Question: Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
Answer: Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.
Hypothesis: vinegar being added into baking soda will cause chemical reactions
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent2: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent3: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions sent4: baking soda is a kind of substance sent5: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent6: to give off means to be the source of sent7: forming is similar to converting sent8: vinegar is a kind of substance sent9: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent10: to cause the formation of means to form sent11: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent12: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent13: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent14: becoming is similar to forming sent15: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent16: to change into means to form sent17: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent18: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas sent19: being derived from is similar to being formed sent20: vinegar is added into baking soda sent21: to convert means to change sent22: baking soda can react chemically with vinegar producing carbon dioxide sent23: to make means to form sent24: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent25: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carbon dioxide is a kind of gas [AND] baking soda can react chemically with vinegar producing carbon dioxide [INFER] int1: baking soda can react chemically with vinegar producing a gas [BECAUSE] baking soda is a kind of substance [AND] vinegar is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: combining baking soda and vinegar is combining two substance together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: combining baking soda and vinegar can cause chemical reactions [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] vinegar is added into baking soda [INFER] int4: vinegar being added into baking soda will cause chemical reactions
Question: What is formed when a sodium atom and chlorine atom react chemically?
Answer: a compound
Hypothesis: sodium and chlorine reacting forms a compound
Supporting facts: sent1: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent2: to change into means to form sent3: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent4: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent5: sodium chloride means salt sent6: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent7: chemical reactivity is a property of elements and includes ordered values of reactive / unreactive sent8: chlorine is a kind of element sent9: to be formed by is to be the result of sent10: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent11: sodium chloride is a kind of substance sent12: if a material / a substance is a mixture of two or more materials or substances then that material / substance is made / is formed / contains those materials / substances sent13: forming something is a kind of change sent14: sodium and chlorine reacting forms sodium chloride sent15: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent16: the bonds of chemical compounds contain chemical energy sent17: to convert means to change sent18: sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium sent19: products are formed / are produced / are created sent20: sodium is a kind of element sent21: forming is a kind of action sent22: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent23: a compound is a kind of material sent24: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent25: form means kind
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sodium is a kind of element [AND] chlorine is a kind of element [INFER] int1: sodium and chlorine are two elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium [INFER] int2: sodium chloride is made of two elements chemically combined [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [INFER] int3: sodium chloride is a compound [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sodium and chlorine reacting forms sodium chloride [INFER] int4: sodium and chlorine reacting forms a compound
Question: If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?
Answer: 6 atoms of carbon [C]
Hypothesis: the number of carbon atoms stays at 6 in photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: if an event occurs by adding something then that event requires that something sent2: how many means what number sent3: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent4: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent5: one in two means half / 50% sent6: product means result sent7: chemical reactions do not cause the total number of atoms to change sent8: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent9: quantity means amount sent10: photosynthesis is a source of oxygen sent11: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent12: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent13: a chemical property is a kind of property sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: amount is similar to number sent16: carbon is a kind of atom sent17: photosynthesis is a kind of chemical reaction sent18: 6 atoms of carbon involves in photosynthesis sent19: chemical reaction causes atoms to lose / to gain electrons sent20: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent21: counting something usually requires seeing that something sent22: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent23: atom cannot be divided into smaller substances sent24: converting is similar to producing sent25: carbon has the property of catenation to form a carbon chain
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical reaction [AND] chemical reactions do not cause the total number of atoms to change [INFER] int1: the total number of atoms stay the same in chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: the total number of atoms stay the same in photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] carbon is a kind of atom [AND] 6 atoms of carbon involves in photosynthesis [INFER] int3: the number of carbon atoms stays at 6 in photosynthesis
Question: Which of these involves the formation of a new chemical substance?
Answer: rusting of an iron chain
Hypothesis: iron in contact with water and oxygen will form new substance
Supporting facts: sent1: to be formed by is to be the result of sent2: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent3: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent4: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent5: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent6: forming something is a kind of change sent7: iron in contact with water and oxygen will rust sent8: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent9: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent10: action can cause change sent11: to change means to cause a change sent12: destruction means to destroy sent13: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent14: chemical reactions cause new substances to form sent15: rusting means forming rust sent16: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent17: to change means to have an effect sent18: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent19: to convert means to change sent20: a reaction is a kind of process sent21: forming is similar to converting sent22: chemicals means substances sent23: to turn means to change sent24: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent25: a process is made of a series of actions
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [AND] iron in contact with water and oxygen will rust [INFER] int1: iron in contact with water and oxygen is a chemical change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: iron in contact with water and oxygen is a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int3: iron in contact with water and oxygen will form new substance
Question: Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
Answer: a chemical reaction
Hypothesis: hydrochloric acid combining with zinc is an example of chemical reaction
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent2: producing is similar to releasing sent3: zinc chloride and hydrogen gas are new substances sent4: hydrochloric acid combing with zinc forms zinc chloride sent5: to emit means to release sent6: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent7: to give off means to be the source of sent8: hydrochloric acid combing with zinc forms hydrogen gas sent9: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent10: converting is similar to producing sent11: forming is similar to converting sent12: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent13: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent14: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent15: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent16: chemical reactions cause new substances to form sent17: converting is similar to releasing sent18: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent19: produce is similar to release sent20: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent21: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent22: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent23: taking in and releasing means exchanging sent24: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent25: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] zinc chloride and hydrogen gas are new substances [AND] hydrochloric acid combing with zinc forms zinc chloride [AND] hydrochloric acid combing with zinc forms hydrogen gas [INFER] int1: hydrochloric acid combing with zinc forms new substances [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int2: hydrochloric acid combining with zinc is an example of chemical reaction