ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have?
Answer: more usable nitrogen for other plants
Hypothesis: more nitrogen for other plants is an effect of growing legumes
Supporting facts: sent1: if something causes something else then that something else is an effect of that something sent2: to add means to increase sent3: increase means more sent4: both means two sent5: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent6: requiring something means needing that something sent7: similar means in common sent8: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent9: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent10: where something comes from is a source of that something sent11: soil provides nutrients for plants sent12: growing legumes provide nitrogen for other plants sent13: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent14: to produce means to result in sent15: as amount / size of something increases , the intensive properties of that something will not change sent16: what something needs is a property of that something sent17: to give off means to be the source of sent18: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent19: if something provides something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent20: nitrogen is a kind of element sent21: useful means able to be used sent22: an increase in the amount of something causes there to be more of something sent23: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent24: something is used for that something 's purpose sent25: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something provides something else then that something increases the amount of that something else [AND] an increase in the amount of something causes there to be more of something [INFER] int1: if something provides something else then that something causes there to be more of something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] growing legumes provide nitrogen for other plants [INFER] int2: growing legumes causes there to be more nitrogen for other plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something causes something else then that something else is an effect of that something [INFER] int3: more nitrogen for other plants is an effect of growing legumes
Question: A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to
Answer: provide an energy source for the watch.
Hypothesis: solar cells provide an energy source for a watch
Supporting facts: sent1: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent2: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent3: a watch requires electrical energy to operate sent4: a battery is a kind of electrical power source sent5: a digital clock produces light to display the time sent6: a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy for powering electrical devices sent7: if something is required then that something must be provided sent8: to power means to provide energy for sent9: electricity is used as an energy source by electrical devices sent10: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent11: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent12: solar panels are a kind of power supplies sent13: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent14: a cell is a kind of object sent15: a battery-operated device is a kind of electrical device sent16: solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy sent17: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent18: solar power means solar energy sent19: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent20: solar radiation means solar energy sent21: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent22: electric devices require electrical energy to function sent23: if an object converts something into something else then that object is a source of that something else sent24: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent25: function is similar to purpose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a watch requires electrical energy to operate [AND] if something is required then that something must be provided [INFER] int1: a watch must be provided with electrical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] electrical energy is a kind of energy [INFER] int2: a watch must be provided with energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int3: a watch must be provided with an energy source [BECAUSE] a cell is a kind of object [AND] if an object converts something into something else then that object is a source of that something else [INFER] int4: if a cell converts something into something else then that cell is a source of that something else [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy [INFER] int5: solar cells are a source of electrical energy [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] electrical energy is a kind of energy [INFER] int6: solar cells are a source of energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: solar cells provide an energy source for a watch
Question: Which source of electricity would harm the environment the least?
Answer: solar power
Hypothesis: solar power is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of protecting the environment is reducing the amount of waste / the amount of pollutants sent2: an environment means an area sent3: most means over 50% of something sent4: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent5: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent6: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent7: if an object / a substance / a location absorbs solar energy then that object / that substance will increase in temperature sent8: if sunlight is blocked from an area then that area lacks sunlight sent9: humans discarding waste in an environment causes harm to that environment sent10: if something happens rarely then that something likely happens the least sent11: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent12: sunlight means solar energy sent13: pollution is a kind of environmental problem sent14: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent15: solar power means solar energy sent16: plants are a part of the environment sent17: pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society sent18: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent19: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent20: solar energy rarely causes pollution sent21: decreasing something positive has a negative impact on a thing sent22: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent23: solar energy is a source of electricity sent24: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent25: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society [AND] solar energy rarely causes pollution [INFER] int1: solar energy rarely has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something [INFER] int2: solar energy rarely harms the environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something happens rarely then that something likely happens the least [INFER] int3: solar energy likely harms the environment the least [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] solar energy is a source of electricity [INFER] int4: solar energy is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] solar power means solar energy [INFER] int5: solar power is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least
Question: Which of these human activities in a forest has a positive effect on the ecosystem?
Answer: Planting new trees where old ones were cut down
Hypothesis: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive effect on an ecosystem
Supporting facts: sent1: an impact means an effect sent2: protecting nature has a positive impact on the environment sent3: clearing a forest means humans cutting down the trees sent4: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent5: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent6: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent7: trees are a kind of natural resource sent8: nature means a natural environment sent9: an environment is similar to an ecosystem sent10: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat sent11: a plant is a kind of living thing sent12: building usually requires cutting down trees sent13: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent14: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent15: a rainforest is a kind of ecosystem sent16: planting trees is sometimes a human activity sent17: organisms / living things live in their habitat / their home sent18: planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem sent19: a tree is a kind of living thing sent20: an environment means an area sent21: organisms are a part of an environment sent22: plants are a part of the environment sent23: good means positive sent24: an example of protecting the environment is creating protected areas sent25: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planting trees is sometimes a human activity [AND] planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem [INFER] int1: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive impact on an ecosystem [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an impact means an effect [INFER] int2: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive effect on an ecosystem
Question: Frame construction predominates in the New England area due to the abundance of
Answer: wood.
Hypothesis: frame construction predominates in the new england area because that area has an abundance of wood
Supporting facts: sent1: to make means to build sent2: construction means building sent3: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent4: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent5: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent6: a tree is a kind of plant sent7: a tree contains wood sent8: frame construction requires wood sent9: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent10: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent11: amount is similar to abundance sent12: wood is a kind of resource sent13: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent14: if an industry requires a resource then that industry predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource sent15: new england has an abundance of trees sent16: an oak is a kind of tree sent17: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent18: lots means much sent19: density is a property of an object / a substance and includes ordered values of dense / not dense sent20: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent21: making something requires resources sent22: a pine tree is a kind of tree sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent25: frame construction is a kind of industry
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wood is a kind of resource [AND] frame construction requires wood [INFER] int1: wood is a kind of resource that is required for frame construction [BECAUSE] if an industry requires a resource then that industry predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource [AND] frame construction is a kind of industry [INFER] int2: if frame construction requires a resource then frame construction predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: frame construction predominates in areas with an abundance of wood [BECAUSE] new england has an abundance of trees [AND] a tree contains wood [INFER] int4: new england has an abundance of wood [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: frame construction predominates in the new england area because that area has an abundance of wood
Question: Many products are made from trees. Which is the best way to manage the use of trees?
Answer: plant a tree each time one is cut down
Hypothesis: an example of managing the use of trees is planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Supporting facts: sent1: many means high in number sent2: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent3: an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms sent4: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent5: a forest is a kind of ecosystem sent6: managing the number of something is similar to replacing that something sent7: a forest is a kind of environment sent8: building usually requires cutting down trees sent9: planting is a kind of human action sent10: creating means making sent11: resources need to be managed sent12: trees are a kind of natural resource sent13: a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down sent14: how many means what number sent15: cutting means changing the object from a whole into smaller pieces sent16: planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem sent17: an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something sent18: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent19: resource management means managing the use of resources sent20: destroying a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent21: determining is similar to controlling sent22: to create means to make sent23: to cause means to make sent24: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent25: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] resources need to be managed [AND] an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something [INFER] int1: an example of managing the use of a resource is replacing that resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] trees are a kind of natural resource [INFER] int2: an example of managing the use of trees is replacing trees [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [INFER] int3: an example of managing the use of trees is planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Question: Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by
Answer: planting trees to replace what they cut down.
Hypothesis: timber companies can manage the number of trees in a forest by planting trees to replace what they cut down
Supporting facts: sent1: can means having the ability to sent2: replacement means something that is replaced sent3: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent4: a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: removing a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent7: replanting a plant means replacing that plant sent8: woodland means forest sent9: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent10: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent11: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent12: timber companies cut down trees sent13: an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms sent14: removing a forest means cutting down a forest sent15: when a plant grows , the size of / number of the leaves of that plant may increase sent16: trees are a kind of resource sent17: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent18: resources must be managed sent19: trees are a kind of natural resource sent20: managing the number of something is similar to replacing that something sent21: as the amount / size of something increases , the extensive properties of that something will increase sent22: an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something sent23: a redwood tree is a kind of tree sent24: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent25: how many means what number
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] resources must be managed [AND] an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something [INFER] int1: an example of managing the number of a resource is replacing that resource [BECAUSE] trees are a kind of resource [AND] a forest contains lots of plants / trees [INFER] int2: trees are a kind of resource in a forest [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an example of managing the number of trees in a forest is replacing those trees [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [INFER] int4: an example of managing the number of trees in a forest is replacing trees by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] timber companies cut down trees [INFER] int5: timber companies can manage the number of trees in a forest by planting trees to replace what they cut down
Question: As a result of rain forest deforestation, some organisms lose their habitats. Which is also an effect of rain forest deforestation?
Answer: a decrease in the fertility of the topsoil
Hypothesis: as the deforestation increases, the topsoil fertility will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent2: soil provides nutrients for plants sent3: loss of resources has a negative impact on the organisms in an area sent4: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent5: tree roots decrease / reduce soil erosion sent6: fertile soil is high in quality sent7: soil fertility means the ability of soil to sustain plant growth sent8: removing forests means removing animal habitats sent9: green plants are a kind of producer sent10: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent11: topsoil is a kind of soil sent12: humans moving in an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats sent13: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent14: deforested area means an area where trees have been cut down sent15: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent16: as the deforestation increases , the soil fertility will decrease sent17: rain causes erosion sent18: clearing a forest means humans cutting down the trees sent19: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent20: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent21: erosion sometimes decreases the amount of nutrients in soil sent22: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent23: soil contains nutrients for plants sent24: as the deforestation increases , the soil erosion will increase sent25: rainforests contain many species
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] topsoil is a kind of soil [AND] as the deforestation increases , the soil fertility will decrease [INFER] int1: as the deforestation increases, the topsoil fertility will decrease
Question: Clearing forests of trees and vegetation for human development can have major impacts on the ecosystem. Which would most likely occur after a forested area is cleared?
Answer: an increase in soil erosion
Hypothesis: clearing a forest causes increased soil erosion
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent2: removing forests means removing animal habitats sent3: overgrazing increases soil erosion sent4: erosion sometimes decreases the amount of nutrients in soil sent5: clearing forests means cutting down a large amount of trees in a forest sent6: deforestation is when the number of trees / organisms in a forest decreases sent7: cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest sent8: destroying a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent9: erosion usually causes harm to the environment sent10: plants are a part of the environment sent11: removing a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent12: deforested area means an area where trees have been cut down sent13: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent14: a decrease in soil thickness can cause harm to trees sent15: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent16: soil loss causes an area decrease in size sent17: as the deforestation increases , the soil fertility will decrease sent18: removing dead organisms from an ecosystem causes available nutrients to be removed from that ecosystem sent19: if a habitat is removed then that habitat is destroyed sent20: as the deforestation increases , the soil erosion will increase sent21: removing an inhibitor of a process causes that process sent22: forest is synonymous with wooded area sent23: removing a forest means cutting down a forest sent24: vegetation means plants sent25: humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] clearing forests means cutting down a large amount of trees in a forest [AND] cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest [INFER] int1: clearing a forest causes the number of trees to greatly decrease in that forest [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] deforestation is when the number of trees / organisms in a forest decreases [INFER] int2: clearing a forest causes deforestation to increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the deforestation increases , the soil erosion will increase [INFER] int3: clearing a forest causes increased soil erosion