ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The drag of wind results in which feature of ocean surface currents?
Answer: deflection of water toward the direction of airflow
Hypothesis: the drag of wind causes the water to deflect toward the direction of the wind
Supporting facts: sent1: towards means closer to something sent2: when cold ocean current mixes with warm ocean current , then the cold ocean current will move under the warm ocean current sent3: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent4: a body of water contains water sent5: due to means caused by sent6: wind carries / transports sand / dirt from one place to another place sent7: windy means high wind speeds sent8: the drag of wind causes the surface of the water to change its direction toward the direction of the wind sent9: oceans are located on earth sent10: wind means moving air sent11: wind direction is a property of weather sent12: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent13: ocean currents is a kind of weather pattern sent14: an ocean contains waves sent15: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent16: earth has air sent17: the tide is when ocean levels periodically rise / fall sent18: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent19: to reduce means to decrease sent20: deflection is when an object changes its moving direction sent21: bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth sent22: the ocean system is a kind of system sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: sea means ocean sent25: air is a kind of gas
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] deflection is when an object changes its moving direction [AND] the drag of wind causes the surface of the water to change its direction toward the direction of the wind [INFER] int1: the drag of wind causes the water to deflect toward the direction of the wind
Question: What is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water?
Answer: oxygen
Hypothesis: oxygen is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent3: iron oxide / rust / fe2o3 is made of iron and oxygen sent4: oxygen is more common than hydrogen on earth sent5: oceans contain most of earth 's water sent6: carbon is a kind of element sent7: including means containing sent8: oxygen rich means a high amount of oxygen sent9: nitrogen is a kind of gas sent10: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen sent11: the earth 's atmosphere is made of 0 to 4 percent hydrogen / water vapor by volume sent12: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent13: atlantic ocean is a kind of ocean sent14: oxygenated means having oxygen sent15: something that contains water is similar to a body of water sent16: a molecule of water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom sent17: electrolysis of water is when water is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by passing electric current through water sent18: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent19: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent20: oxygen can be found in air sent21: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent22: the earth 's atmosphere is made of 23133 percent oxygen by mass sent23: o2 means oxygen sent24: nitrogen is a kind of element sent25: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [AND] oceans contain most of earth 's water [INFER] int1: ocean water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] oxygen is more common than hydrogen on earth [INFER] int2: oxygen is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water
Question: Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?
Answer: biosphere to lithosphere
Hypothesis: the formation of petroleum cycles from biosphere to lithospehre
Supporting facts: sent1: being buried under soil and mud changes dead vegetation / dead plant matter into peat through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent2: plants are a part of the environment sent3: phytoplankton is a kind of organism sent4: the lithosphere is a layer of the earth sent5: phytoplankton is a kind of plant sent6: petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel sent7: the lithosphere contains the crust / the upper mantle of the earth sent8: burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere sent9: fossil fuels / fossils are formed from dead organisms over time sent10: plantae is a kind of biological kingdom sent11: fossil fuel is a part of the lithosphere sent12: forming fossil fuels requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation sent13: high temperatures during fossil-fuel formation causes a higher percentage of natural gas to form sent14: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent15: being derived from is similar to being formed sent16: being buried under soil and mud changes dead plant matter / dead animal matter / remains of living things into oil / natural gas through extreme heat and pressure at the bottom of the sea over a long period of time sent17: most means over 50% of something sent18: vegetation is a part of the biosphere sent19: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent20: to contain something means to have that something sent21: including means containing sent22: fossil fuels are acquired by mining the lithosphere sent23: a plant is a member of a plant species sent24: the lithosphere is located on the the surface of the earth sent25: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] forming fossil fuels requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation [AND] petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel [INFER] int1: forming the fossil fuel petroleum requires deposition and burial of decaying vegetation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fossil fuel is a part of the lithosphere [AND] vegetation is a part of the biosphere [INFER] int2: the formation of petroleum cycles from biosphere to lithospehre
Question: If soil is permeable
Answer: water easily flows through it.
Hypothesis: water will flow through soil easily
Supporting facts: sent1: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent2: travel means to move sent3: if one surface / one substance / one object touches something then one is exposed to that something sent4: flowing is similar to pouring sent5: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent6: can means having the ability to sent7: a surface is a part of an object sent8: can be means able to be sent9: motion / movement means moving / to move sent10: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: waves can travel through matter sent13: cementation means the process of cementing sent14: water is a kind of object sent15: soil usually has layers sent16: xylem carries water from the roots of a plant to the leaves of a plant sent17: moisture means liquid / liquid water sent18: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent19: if something is permeable , then the water will flow through something easily sent20: to flow is similar to to transfer sent21: passing through is similar to entering sent22: to pass through means to move through sent23: soil is permeable sent24: soil is found on the the surface of the earth sent25: flowing liquid can push objects
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is permeable , then the water will flow through something easily [AND] soil is permeable [INFER] int1: water will flow through soil easily
Question: Michelle is interested in improving the quality of the soil in her yard. She wants more water and air to penetrate the soil. What should she add to the soil to help her achieve this goal?
Answer: earthworms
Hypothesis: earthworms can help increase the amount of water and oxygen in the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: breathing in is when animals inhale air into their lungs sent2: soil is a part of the ground outside sent3: greater means higher / more in value sent4: using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material sent5: to breathe in means to absorb air sent6: tunnels in soil loosen that soil sent7: if something enters something else then that something is in that something else sent8: to enable is to help sent9: earthworms create tunnels in soil sent10: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent11: to contribute means to add sent12: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent13: something in the soil is located underground sent14: to advance means to improve sent15: matter in the gas phase has variable volume sent16: to add means to increase sent17: adding something is a kind of change sent18: the looseness of soil increases the ability of water to enter the soil sent19: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent20: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent21: to input means to add sent22: the looseness of soil increases the amount of oxygen in that soil sent23: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent24: if something is permeable , then the water will flow through something easily sent25: a source of something increases the amount of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] tunnels in soil loosen that soil [AND] earthworms create tunnels in soil [INFER] int1: earthworms can loosen the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the looseness of soil increases the ability of water to enter the soil [AND] the looseness of soil increases the amount of oxygen in that soil [INFER] int2: earthworms can help increase the amount of water and oxygen in the soil
Question: Which property best indicates that soil contains nutrients?
Answer: color
Hypothesis: brown color can be used to indicate the soil is high in nutrients
Supporting facts: sent1: color of the soil can be used to indicate the soil component sent2: a property of something is a feature of that something sent3: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent4: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent5: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent6: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent7: coloration means a thing 's color sent8: the composition of the soil causes the texture of the soil to be different sent9: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent10: characteristic means property sent11: contains means located in sent12: iron element in soil causes soil to be red sent13: humus is a source of nutrients in soil sent14: different types of soil have different textures sent15: if something does not contain something else then that something lacks that something else sent16: coloration means a pattern of colors sent17: the color of an environment means the color of the things that environment contains sent18: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent19: high humus content causes the soil to be brown sent20: soil contains water / humus / weathered rocks / organic matter / sand / clay sent21: the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object sent22: humus is made of dead plants / dead animals sent23: a property is a kind of information sent24: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent25: best means most positive
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humus is a source of nutrients in soil [AND] high humus content causes the soil to be brown [INFER] int1: soil with high nutrients content will be brown [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] color of the soil can be used to indicate the soil component [INFER] int2: brown color can be used to indicate the soil is high in nutrients
Question: Earthworms move randomly throughout topsoil. How do earthworms most likely affect the topsoil?
Answer: by adding nutrients to the topsoil
Hypothesis: earthworms can increase the amount of nutrients in the topsoil
Supporting facts: sent1: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent2: an earthworm is a kind of decomposer sent3: topsoil is a kind of soil sent4: earthworms create tunnels in soil sent5: impact means effect sent6: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent7: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent8: in the food chain process bacteria have the role of decomposer sent9: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent10: a decomposer is usually a bacterium / fungus sent11: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent12: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent13: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent14: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent15: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent16: a microorganism is very small in size sent17: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent18: decomposition increases amount of organic matter in soil sent19: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent20: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent21: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent22: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent23: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent24: decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil sent25: to decompose means to decay
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil [INFER] int1: decomposers can increase the amount of nutrients in the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an earthworm is a kind of decomposer [AND] topsoil is a kind of soil [INFER] int2: earthworms can increase the amount of nutrients in the topsoil
Question: In May 2007, wildfires burned more than 350 square miles of habitat in Florida and Georgia. Intense fires like this one can temporarily remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in area soil. What most likely happens in the burned areas until organic decay replenishes the lost nutrients?
Answer: The carrying capacity of the soil for plant growth is reduced.
Hypothesis: wildfire can cause the carrying capacity of soil for plant to be reduced
Supporting facts: sent1: to decompose means to decay sent2: removing an inhibitor of a process causes that process sent3: as a resource required by an organism decreases , the population of that organisms will decrease sent4: absorbing something from the air means removing that something from earth 's atmosphere sent5: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent6: wildfire removes the nutrients in soil sometimes sent7: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent8: loss of resources has a negative impact on the organisms in an area sent9: nitrogen is a kind of nutrient for plant growth sent10: loss is similar to removal sent11: decomposition increases amount of organic matter in soil sent12: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent13: potassium is a kind of nutrient for plant growth sent14: using resources decreases those resources sent15: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent16: phosphorus is a kind of nutrient for plant growth sent17: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant sent18: remove means decrease sent19: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent20: absorbing something from the air decreases the amount of that something in the air sent21: loss means reduction sent22: if the nutrients in soil is removed , then the carrying capacity of soil for plant will be reduced sent23: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent24: if there is a loss of something then that something decreases sent25: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] potassium is a kind of nutrient for plant growth [AND] phosphorus is a kind of nutrient for plant growth [AND] wildfire removes the nutrients in soil sometimes [AND] nitrogen is a kind of nutrient for plant growth [INFER] int1: wildfire can remove the soil nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium from soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the nutrients in soil is removed , then the carrying capacity of soil for plant will be reduced [INFER] int2: wildfire can cause the carrying capacity of soil for plant to be reduced
Question: What is the source of the organic matter needed for most fertile soils?
Answer: decaying plants
Hypothesis: decaying plant can make the soil fertile
Supporting facts: sent1: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent2: a plant requires soil for survival / to grow sent3: requiring something means needing that something sent4: fertile soil has a high number of nutrients sent5: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent6: soil contains water / humus / weathered rocks / organic matter / sand / clay sent7: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent8: low quality soil has a small / a low number of nutrients sent9: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent10: a supply of something is a source of that something sent11: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent12: decay has a negative impact on a thing sent13: decaying plant is a kind of organic matter sent14: where something comes from is a source of that something sent15: organic matter is a source of nutrients in soil sent16: plant and animal matter means organic matter sent17: peat is made of decaying vegetation compacted by soil in a swamp over a long period of time sent18: being buried under soil and mud changes dead vegetation / dead plant matter into peat through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent19: to decompose means to decay sent20: organic material increases the ability of soil to retain water sent21: a decomposer is usually a bacterium / fungus sent22: as the amount of organic matter in soil increases , the soil will be better for the growth of plants sent23: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent24: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent25: needing something means depending on that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decaying plant is a kind of organic matter [AND] organic matter is a source of nutrients in soil [INFER] int1: decaying plant is a source of nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fertile soil has a high number of nutrients [INFER] int2: decaying plant can make the soil fertile
Question: Cumulonimbus clouds often form along cold fronts. Which type of weather is most likely to occur along a cold front?
Answer: rain with possible severe thunderstorms
Hypothesis: cold fronts can cause thudnerstorms of rain as they pass by
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent2: if a jet stream moves south of a location then that location will experience cold weather sent3: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent4: as the amount of water in air condensing into clouds decreases , the amount of precipitation will decrease sent5: a hurricane has large amounts of rain sent6: lack of moisture in the air causes low amounts of rainfall sent7: as air pressure decreases , the chance of rain will increase sent8: rain is a kind of precipitation sent9: cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by sent10: clouds are usually found in the sky sent11: rainfall means precipitation sent12: rainfall means the amount of precipitation sent13: a thunderstorm is a kind of storm sent14: if weather is stormy then there is a greater chance of rain sent15: rainstorm means rain storm sent16: precipitation is when water falls from the sky sent17: a thunderstorm can cause a tornado sent18: types of clouds can be used to predict the possibility of tornadoes developing in a location sent19: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent20: water vapor condensing in clouds causes rain sent21: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent22: a storm is a source of precipitation sent23: a storm is usually a source of strong winds sent24: more likely means increased likelihood sent25: an area receiving rain means rain falling in that area
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a storm is a source of precipitation [AND] rain is a kind of precipitation [INFER] int1: a storm is a source of rain [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a thunderstorm is a kind of storm [INFER] int2: a thunderstorm is a source of rain [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by [INFER] int3: cold fronts can cause thudnerstorms of rain as they pass by