ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A sound is heard when you pluck a string on a guitar. What will happen to the sound if the same string is plucked harder?
Answer: The pitch will stay the same, and the volume will be higher.
Hypothesis: as the string of a guitar is plucked harder, the pitch will stay the same and the volume of the sound will increase
Supporting facts: sent1: pitch of a sound can be used to describe the frequency of the sound wave sent2: increase means more sent3: constant means not changing sent4: as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder , the string will vibrate harder / faster sent5: variable means able to change sent6: volume means the loudness of a sound sent7: unchanged means not changed sent8: a string is a kind of object made from matter sent9: as matter vibrates harder / faster , the volume of the sound produced will increase sent10: variability of shape / variability of volume is a property of matter and includes values of variable / definite sent11: hearing is a kind of sense sent12: sound is a kind of air vibration sent13: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent14: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent15: a guitar is a kind of musical instrument sent16: sound means sound energy sent17: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent18: when sound reaches the ear , that sound can be heard sent19: noise means sound sent20: as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder , the pitch produced will not change sent21: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent22: staying means not changing sent23: to remain means to stay the same sent24: volume is similar to amount sent25: to slow / to slow down decreases speed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a string is a kind of object made from matter [AND] as matter vibrates harder / faster , the volume of the sound produced will increase [INFER] int1: as a string vibrates harder / faster , the volume of the sound produced will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder , the string will vibrate harder / faster [INFER] int2: as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder, the volume of the sound will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder , the pitch produced will not change [INFER] int3: as the string of a musical instrument is plucked harder, the pitch will stay the same and the volume of the sound will increase [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a guitar is a kind of musical instrument [INFER] int4: as the string of a guitar is plucked harder, the pitch will stay the same and the volume of the sound will increase
Question: When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?
Answer: Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.
Hypothesis: the sound wave with large amplite would be louder and have more energy than the sound wave with small amplitude
Supporting facts: sent1: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent2: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent3: classifying requires comparing sent4: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent5: noise means sound sent6: as the amplitude of a sound wave increases , the volume of that sound wave will increase sent7: volume is a property of sound and includes ordered values of quiet / normal / loud sent8: sound wave is similar to sound sent9: sound waves means sound energy sent10: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent11: sound means sound energy sent12: as the amplitude of a sound wave increases , the amount of energy in that sound wave will increase sent13: volume means the loudness of a sound sent14: less means a reduced amount sent15: size / amount of space means volume sent16: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent17: there is a sound wave with small amplitude sent18: size difference is a kind of difference sent19: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent20: to reduce means to decrease sent21: height is a property of the size of an object sent22: a decrease is a kind of change sent23: density is a property of an object / a substance and includes ordered values of dense / not dense sent24: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent25: there is a sound wave with large amplitude
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] there is a sound wave with small amplitude [AND] there is a sound wave with large amplitude [AND] as the amplitude of a sound wave increases , the volume of that sound wave will increase [INFER] int1: the sound wave with large amplitude would have a bigger volume than the sound wave with small amplitude [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] volume is a property of sound and includes ordered values of quiet / normal / loud [INFER] int2: the sound wave with large amplitude would be louder than the sound wave with small amplitude [BECAUSE] as the amplitude of a sound wave increases , the amount of energy in that sound wave will increase [AND] there is a sound wave with small amplitude [AND] there is a sound wave with large amplitude [INFER] int3: the sound wave with large amplitude would have more energy than the sound wave with small amplitude [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the sound wave with large amplite would be louder and have more energy than the sound wave with small amplitude
Question: Campers shouted toward a canyon wall. What characteristic of sound best explains why the campers heard an echo?
Answer: Sound waves reflected off the canyon wall.
Hypothesis: sound can reflect off the canyon wall and produce an echo
Supporting facts: sent1: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent2: a canyon wall is a kind of surface sent3: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent4: vibrating matter can produce sound sent5: intense sound energy can move objects sent6: sound is a kind of air vibration sent7: matter / molecules vibrating can cause sound sent8: vibration is a kind of motion sent9: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent10: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent11: hearing is a kind of sense sent12: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent13: a vibration is similar to a wave sent14: sound waves transfer energy sent15: louder means higher / greater in volume sent16: sound wave is similar to sound sent17: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent18: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent19: a climber is a kind of human sent20: surface type is a kind of characteristic sent21: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent22: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent23: vibrations are a source of sound sent24: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent25: noise means sound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a canyon wall is a kind of surface [AND] echo is when sound reflects off of a surface [INFER] int1: sound can reflect off the canyon wall and produce an echo
Question: Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?
Answer: the reflection of the sound waves
Hypothesis: if a person makes sound in the cave, then the sound will reflect off from the cave wall and produce echo
Supporting facts: sent1: vibrating matter can produce sound sent2: a person speaking is a source of sound sent3: waves can travel through matter sent4: sound is a kind of air vibration sent5: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent6: intense sound energy can move objects sent7: vibration is a kind of motion sent8: noise means sound sent9: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent10: a surface is a part of a material sent11: vibrations are a source of sound sent12: a vibration is similar to a wave sent13: finding something requires sensing that something sent14: matter / molecules vibrating can cause sound sent15: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent16: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent17: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent18: sound waves transfer energy sent19: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent20: cave walls are a kind of surface sent21: sound wave is similar to sound sent22: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent23: if something moves then that something is in a different location sent24: colliding is a kind of touching sent25: sound wave can be used to measure distance by measuring the time delay of the reflected wave
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] echo is when sound reflects off of a surface [AND] a person speaking is a source of sound [INFER] int1: the sound of a person speaking can reflect off of a surface and produce echo [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cave walls are a kind of surface [INFER] int2: if a person makes sound in the cave, then the sound will reflect off from the cave wall and produce echo
Question: Snapping a rubber band most likely produces which type of energy?
Answer: sound
Hypothesis: snapping a rubber band will produce sound
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent2: sound means sound energy sent3: make means produce sent4: the kinetic energy of an object can change kinetic energy to sound energy by hitting another object sent5: sound waves means sound energy sent6: a rubber band is a kind of object sent7: sound wave is a kind of wave sent8: intense sound energy can move objects sent9: as the amount that matter vibrates increases , sound produced increases sent10: air is a vehicle for sound sent11: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent12: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent13: vibrating matter can produce sound sent14: noise means sound sent15: producing is a kind of process sent16: snapping a rubber band can cause the matter in the rubber band to vibrate sent17: producing is similar to causing sent18: objects are made of matter sent19: vibration is a kind of motion sent20: emit means produce sent21: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent22: sound wave is similar to sound sent23: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent24: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent25: sound requires matter to travel
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] objects are made of matter [AND] a rubber band is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a rubber band is made of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] vibrating matter can produce sound [INFER] int2: vibrating the matter in the rubber band can produce sound [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] snapping a rubber band can cause the matter in the rubber band to vibrate [INFER] int3: snapping a rubber band will produce sound
Question: When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by
Answer: the vibrations of the string.
Hypothesis: plucking a string can produce sound through vibrations
Supporting facts: sent1: sound wave is similar to sound sent2: when sound reaches the ear , that sound can be heard sent3: sound requires matter to travel sent4: louder means higher / greater in volume sent5: to emit means to release sent6: substances are made of matter sent7: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent8: producing is a kind of process sent9: emit means produce sent10: sound waves means sound energy sent11: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent12: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent13: oscillation means physical vibration sent14: tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate sent15: plucking a string can cause that string to vibrate sent16: intense sound energy can move objects sent17: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent18: producing is similar to causing sent19: a vibration is similar to a wave sent20: vibrations are a source of sound sent21: air is a vehicle for sound sent22: where something comes from is a source of that something sent23: a kind of something is an example of that something sent24: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent25: material means substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plucking a string can cause that string to vibrate [AND] vibrations are a source of sound [INFER] int1: plucking a string can be a source of sound through vibrations [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int2: plucking a string can produce sound through vibrations
Question: A rubber band will make a sound when it is
Answer: vibrated.
Hypothesis: vibrating the matter in the rubber band can produce sound
Supporting facts: sent1: sound wave is similar to sound sent2: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent3: waves can travel through matter sent4: sound wave is a kind of wave sent5: phase means state sent6: noise means sound sent7: substances are made of matter sent8: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent9: a rubber band is a kind of object sent10: can be means able to be sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: intense sound energy can move objects sent13: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent14: sound requires matter to travel sent15: when mechanical energy is transferred to the air , then the air will start to vibrate sent16: sound waves means sound energy sent17: vibrating matter can produce sound sent18: a vibration is similar to a wave sent19: sound means sound energy sent20: a kind of something is an example of that something sent21: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent22: form means kind sent23: material means substance sent24: objects are made of matter sent25: sound can travel through air by vibrating air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] objects are made of matter [AND] a rubber band is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a rubber band is made of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] vibrating matter can produce sound [INFER] int2: vibrating the matter in the rubber band can produce sound
Question: Why does tapping a fork against a water glass produce a sound?
Answer: The particles in the objects vibrate.
Hypothesis: the vibration of the particles caused by tapping the fork on a glass produces sound
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent2: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent3: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent4: tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate sent5: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent6: noise means sound sent7: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent8: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent9: glass is a kind of object sent10: vibrations are a source of sound sent11: producing is similar to causing sent12: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent13: waves can travel through matter sent14: substances are made of matter sent15: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent16: a source of something produces that something sent17: a fork is a kind of object sent18: the kinetic energy of an object can change kinetic energy to sound energy by hitting another object sent19: matter is made of molecules sent20: materials are made of matter sent21: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent22: when mechanical energy is transferred to the air , then the air will start to vibrate sent23: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent24: intense sound energy can move objects sent25: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fork is a kind of object [AND] tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate [AND] glass is a kind of object [INFER] int1: tapping a fork against a glass causes the particles in the objects to vibrate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] vibrations are a source of sound [INFER] int2: the vibration of the particles caused by tapping the fork on a glass is a source of sound [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a source of something produces that something [INFER] int3: the vibration of the particles caused by tapping the fork on a glass produces sound
Question: When a book is dropped onto a wooden desk, the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book. Which of these is produced by the vibrations?
Answer: sound waves
Hypothesis: the vibration of molecules can cause sound wave
Supporting facts: sent1: oscillation means physical vibration sent2: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent3: waves contain mechanical energy sent4: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent5: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent6: when mechanical energy is transferred to the air , then the air will start to vibrate sent7: kinetic energy is a kind of mechanical energy sent8: sound waves transfer energy sent9: sound wave is similar to sound sent10: as the force with which an object is touched increases , the amount of mechanical energy converted to sound energy will increase sent11: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent12: a vibration is similar to a wave sent13: waves can travel through matter sent14: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent15: sound requires matter to travel sent16: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent17: the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book sent18: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent19: sound is made of sound waves sent20: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent21: molecules vibrating can cause sound sent22: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent23: intense sound energy can move objects sent24: noise means sound sent25: as the frequency of a wave increases , the energy of the wave will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book [AND] molecules vibrating can cause sound [INFER] int1: the vibration of molecules can cause sound [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sound is made of sound waves [INFER] int2: the vibration of molecules can cause sound wave
Question: There is a thunderstorm close to your house. The windows rattle at the same time that you hear the thunder. What causes the windows to rattle?
Answer: Sound waves from the thunder
Hypothesis: a thunder can make a window rattle through intense sound energy
Supporting facts: sent1: intense sound energy can move objects sent2: the ability to reflect is a property of sound wave sent3: a thunder has intense sound energy sent4: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent5: hitting an object causes the particles in that object to vibrate sent6: sound wave is similar to sound sent7: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent8: the kinetic energy of an object can change kinetic energy to sound energy by hitting another object sent9: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent10: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent11: a vibration is similar to a wave sent12: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent13: a window is a kind of object sent14: sound waves transfer energy sent15: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent16: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent17: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent18: if the frequency of a sound wave is too high , then human cannot hear the sound sent19: sound means sound energy sent20: vibrating matter can produce sound sent21: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent22: a rattle is a kind of vibration sent23: as the amplitude of a sound wave increases , the amount of energy in that sound wave will increase sent24: sound is a kind of air vibration sent25: matter / molecules vibrating can cause sound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] intense sound energy can move objects [AND] sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves [INFER] int1: insense sound energy can move objects by making them vibrate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a thunder has intense sound energy [INFER] int2: a thunder can move objects by making them vibrate through intense sound energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a window is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a thunder can move a window by making them vibrate through intense sound energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a rattle is a kind of vibration [INFER] int4: a thunder can make a window rattle through intense sound energy
Question: Which of the following forms of energy can travel by vibrating particles of air?
Answer: sound
Hypothesis: sound can travel through air by vibrating air
Supporting facts: sent1: travel means to move sent2: hitting an object causes the particles in that object to vibrate sent3: shaking is a kind of motion sent4: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent5: air is a kind of matter sent6: sound waves means sound energy sent7: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent8: vibration is a kind of motion sent9: motion / movement means moving / to move sent10: oscillation means physical vibration sent11: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent12: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent13: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent14: something requires motion to travel sent15: waves can travel through matter sent16: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent17: when sound reaches the ear , that sound can be heard sent18: noise means sound sent19: matter is made of particles sent20: a vibration is similar to a wave sent21: sound wave is similar to sound sent22: sound wave is a kind of wave sent23: sound requires matter to travel sent24: rotation is a kind of motion sent25: tapping two objects together causes the particles in those objects to vibrate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] matter is made of particles [AND] air is a kind of matter [INFER] int1: air is a matter made of air particles [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sound requires matter to travel [INFER] int2: sound can travel through air [BECAUSE] something requires motion to travel [AND] vibration is a kind of motion [INFER] int3: something can travel by vibrations [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: sound can travel through air by vibrating air