ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Sunlight passes through the windows of a car and causes the car seats to get hot. Which type of energy flow is involved in heating the seats?
Answer: radiation
Hypothesis: the car seat is heated by the sunlight by radiation
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnetic radiation transfers heat and light energy by radiation sent2: solar energy can warm up the air sent3: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent4: sunlight can shine through a window sent5: warm up means increase temperature sent6: sunlight is a kind of light sent7: the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight sent8: a hot substance is a source of heat sent9: sunlight means solar energy sent10: radiation means radiant energy sent11: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent12: to illuminate means to light up sent13: sunlight passes the windows of a car and heat up the car seat sent14: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent15: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent16: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent17: microwave radiation is used for heating food by microwaves by heating water molecules in the food sent18: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent19: visible light is a kind of light sent20: solar radiation means solar energy sent21: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent22: bright means a lot of light sent23: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent24: light means light energy sent25: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight is a kind of electromagnetic radiation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sunlight can shine through a window [INFER] int2: sunlight is a kind of electromagnetic radiation that can shine through a window [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] electromagnetic radiation transfers heat and light energy by radiation [INFER] int3: sunlight can transfer heat and light energy through a window by radiation [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sunlight passes the windows of a car and heat up the car seat [INFER] int4: the car seat is heated by the sunlight by radiation
Question: Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by
Answer: radiation.
Hypothesis: the sun transfers heat and light energy to earth through space by radiation
Supporting facts: sent1: radiation means radiant energy sent2: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent3: waves can travel through matter sent4: sunlight means solar energy sent5: electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves sent6: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent7: light is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent8: solar radiation means solar energy sent9: sunlight is a kind of light sent10: ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy sent11: the sun transmits light to earth through space sent12: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent13: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent14: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent15: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent16: sunlight produces heat sent17: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent18: microwave radiation is used for heating food by microwaves by heating water molecules in the food sent19: electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy sent20: radiation is when electromagnetic waves transfers heat and light energy sent21: the ground radiates solar energy into air sent22: light rays means light sent23: light energy can be used to heat up an object by radiation sent24: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent25: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of electromagnetic wave [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight is a kind of electromagnetic wave [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] radiation is when electromagnetic waves transfers heat and light energy [INFER] int2: sunlight transfers heat and light energy through radiation [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the sun transmits light to earth through space [INFER] int3: the sun transfers heat and light energy to earth through space by radiation
Question: A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?
Answer: frequency will be distorted
Hypothesis: the lightning in the thunderstorm will distort the frequency of the radio waves
Supporting facts: sent1: the ability to reflect is a property of sound wave sent2: waves travel outward from the source sent3: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent4: disrupting is similar to having a negative impact sent5: distorting is similar to causing an interruption sent6: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent7: as the distance from the wave source increases , the frequency of the waves will decrease sent8: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent9: wavelength is a property of wave sent10: electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves sent11: interruption of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound sent12: waves can travel through matter sent13: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent14: as the frequency of a sound increases , the wavelength of that sound decreases sent15: lightning produces electromagnetic radiation of a wide range sent16: waves travel differently in different media sent17: in a communication system a radio station tower has the role of transmitter sent18: frequency is a property of a wave / a particel of light / an event sent19: electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves sent20: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent21: lightning occurs during lightning storms / thunderstorms sent22: as the wavelength of a wave increases , the frequency of the wave will decrease sent23: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent24: if sound is absorbed then that sound can not be heard sent25: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lightning produces electromagnetic radiation of a wide range [AND] lightning occurs during lightning storms / thunderstorms [INFER] int1: the lightning in the thunderstorms produces eletromagnetic radiation of a wide range [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves [INFER] int2: the lightning in the thunderstorm will distort the frequency of the radio waves
Question: Radio signal interruption sometimes causes a humming or buzzing sound. These sounds are most likely caused by
Answer: electromagnetic waves.
Hypothesis: electromagnetic waves cause a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves
Supporting facts: sent1: producing is similar to causing sent2: matter / molecules vibrating can cause sound sent3: a cellular telephone requires electromagnetic radiation in the radio wave region of the spectrum for operation sent4: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent5: electromagnetic radiation is made of electromagnetic waves sent6: interruption of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound sent7: as the frequency of a sound increases , the wavelength of that sound decreases sent8: disrupting is similar to having a negative impact sent9: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent10: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent11: vibrating matter can produce sound sent12: electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves sent13: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent14: intense sound energy can move objects sent15: radio signal is a kind of radio wave sent16: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent17: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent18: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent19: the radio converts radio waves into mechanical waves in the speaker sent20: sound wave is a kind of wave sent21: interruption of a radio signal is similar to distortion of a radio signal sent22: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent23: sensing a warning means receiving a warning sent24: electrical signals are made of electrical energy sent25: noise means sound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] interruption of a radio signal is similar to distortion of a radio signal [AND] interruption of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound [INFER] int1: distortion of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] radio signal is a kind of radio wave [INFER] int2: distortion of the radio waves causes a buzzing sound [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves [INFER] int3: electromagnetic radiation causes a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] electromagnetic radiation is made of electromagnetic waves [INFER] int4: electromagnetic waves cause a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves
Question: The action that results when waves made in a pond strike the edges and bounce back is known as
Answer: reflection.
Hypothesis: reflection of the waves will happen when the waves strike the edge of the pond
Supporting facts: sent1: waves can travel through matter sent2: to bounce back means to reflect sent3: edge of a pond is a kind of surface sent4: shape is a property of an object sent5: the waves in the pond strike the edge of the pond sent6: a surface is a part of a material sent7: motion / movement means moving / to move sent8: texture is a property of surfaces / materials / objects and includes ordered values of smooth / rough sent9: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent10: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent11: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent12: bouncing something back means reflecting that something sent13: if something strikes an object then that something may bounce off of that object sent14: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent15: a surface is a kind of object sent16: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent17: the ability to reflect is a property of sound wave sent18: result means outcome sent19: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent20: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent21: reflective obejcts cause objects to appear backwards sent22: waves travel outward from the source sent23: colliding is a kind of touching sent24: an object being pushed across another object causes their surfaces to move against each other sent25: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a surface is a kind of object [AND] edge of a pond is a kind of surface [INFER] int1: edge of a pond is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something strikes an object then that something may bounce off of that object [AND] the waves in the pond strike the edge of the pond [INFER] int2: the waves in the pond may bounce off the edge of the pond when they strike it [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [AND] edge of a pond is a kind of surface [INFER] int3: reflection of the waves will happen when the waves strike the edge of the pond
Question: Which of the following is a similarity 20 between x-ray waves and sound waves?
Answer: Both transfer energy.
Hypothesis: both sound waves and x-rays transfer energy
Supporting facts: sent1: sound waves transfer energy sent2: sound wave is similar to sound sent3: sound waves means sound energy sent4: waves can travel through matter sent5: in common is similar to the same sent6: transferring is moving from one place to another place sent7: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent8: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent9: waves contain mechanical energy sent10: sound means sound energy sent11: a wave is formed by the vibration of the source spreading around from the source sent12: both means two sent13: intense sound energy can move objects sent14: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent15: characteristic means property sent16: a vibration is similar to a wave sent17: similar means in common sent18: similarity means the same property sent19: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent20: transmitance is when a wave goes through / transmits through a surface and travels in the same direction relative to the angle of incidence sent21: vibration is a kind of motion sent22: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent23: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent24: x-rays transfer energy sent25: transferring is similar to giving
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound waves transfer energy [AND] x-rays transfer energy [INFER] int1: both sound waves and x-rays transfer energy
Question: When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?
Answer: Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave.
Hypothesis: transverse waves cause particles to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave
Supporting facts: sent1: colliding is a kind of touching sent2: to pass through means to move through sent3: composed of means made of sent4: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent5: moving is similar to travelling sent6: rotating is similar to moving sent7: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent8: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent9: magnetism is a property of materials / objects and includes ordered values of nonmagnetic / magnetic sent10: similar means in common sent11: matter is made of molecules sent12: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent13: to pass means to travel sent14: to pass means to transfer sent15: travel means to move sent16: to pass means to occur sent17: atom is a kind of particle sent18: a particle is a kind of object sent19: material means substance sent20: movement is a kind of change sent21: motion / movement means moving / to move sent22: transverse waves cause objects to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave sent23: substances are made of matter sent24: rotation is a kind of motion sent25: shape is a kind of physical property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a particle is a kind of object [AND] transverse waves cause objects to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave [INFER] int1: transverse waves cause particles to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave
Question: The best example of balanced forces is a
Answer: bus parked in a garage.
Hypothesis: a parked bus is an example of two balanced forces acting on the bus
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent2: best means most positive sent3: if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary sent4: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent5: rotating is similar to moving sent6: structure is similar to shape sent7: to convert means to change sent8: rotate means turn sent9: transport means to move / to make travel sent10: good means positive sent11: a bus is a kind of vehicle sent12: a vehicle transmits something sent13: if two equal forces in opposite directions act on an object then that object will stay in the same place sent14: a vehicle is a kind of object sent15: a structure is a kind of feature sent16: if vehicle is parked then that vehicle is stationary sent17: motion / movement means moving / to move sent18: generally means usually sent19: a kind of something is an example of that something sent20: both means two sent21: can be means able to be sent22: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent23: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent24: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent25: objects in an environment are a part of that environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a vehicle is a kind of object [AND] if vehicle is parked then that vehicle is stationary [AND] if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary [INFER] int1: a parked vehicle is an example of two balanced forces acting on the vehicle [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a bus is a kind of vehicle [INFER] int2: a parked bus is an example of two balanced forces acting on the bus
Question: Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?
Answer: blacktop
Hypothesis: a roller skate can be used on a blacktop surface
Supporting facts: sent1: wheels are a part of roller skates sent2: a wheeled vehicle is a kind of vehicle with wheels sent3: a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces sent4: a roller skate is a kind of vehicle sent5: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent6: the sides of the slope are a part of the slope sent7: asphalt has a smooth surface sent8: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent9: best means most positive sent10: polished metal has shiny surface sent11: friction causes speed to decrease sent12: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent13: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent14: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent15: friction exerts force on moving objects sent16: blacktop is made of asphalt concrete sent17: better means good sent18: high-quality means positive sent19: windshield wiper increases visibility while driving in bad weather sent20: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent21: if something exists on a surface then that surface contains that something sent22: color is an intensive property sent23: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent24: a restriction can be used to limit something / keep something low sent25: to be good for means to have a positive impact on
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wheels are a part of roller skates [AND] a roller skate is a kind of vehicle [INFER] int1: a roller skate is a kind of vehicle with wheels [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a wheeled vehicle is a kind of vehicle with wheels [INFER] int2: a roller skate is a kind of wheeled vehicle [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces [INFER] int3: a roller skate requires smooth surfaces [BECAUSE] blacktop is made of asphalt concrete [AND] asphalt has a smooth surface [INFER] int4: a blacktop has a smooth surface [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a roller skate can be used on a blacktop surface
Question: A car skids along the road and smoke appears to be coming from under the tires. The heat that produces the smoke is caused by
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: friction causes the tire to produce smoke
Supporting facts: sent1: heat means heat energy sent2: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent3: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent4: producing is similar to causing sent5: friction is a kind of force sent6: skidding is when the tire of a vehicle slides on the road without rotating sent7: smoke is similar to dust / ash sent8: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent9: a surface is a part of an object sent10: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent11: many vehicles emit pollution into the air sent12: vaporizing a substance causes smoke sent13: a tire is a kind of object sent14: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent15: a chemical is a kind of substance sent16: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent17: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent18: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent19: if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, the tire will overheat sent20: if somethings slides on something else then that something is moving against that something else sent21: a road is a kind of object sent22: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: if the tire overheats, some chemical in the tire will vaporized sent25: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if somethings slides on something else then that something is moving against that something else [AND] skidding is when the tire of a vehicle slides on the road without rotating [INFER] int1: skidding is when the tire of a vehicle moves against the road without rotating [BECAUSE] a tire is a kind of object [AND] a road is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a tire and a road are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] a surface is a part of an object [INFER] int3: skidding causes friction between the tire and the road [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [INFER] int4: friction causes the temperature of the tire to increase [BECAUSE] if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, the tire will overheat [AND] if the tire overheats, some chemical in the tire will vaporized [INFER] int5: if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, some chemical in the tire will be vaporized [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: friction causes some chemicals in the tire to vaporize [BECAUSE] vaporizing a substance causes smoke [AND] a chemical is a kind of substance [INFER] int7: vaporizing a chemical causes smoke [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: friction causes the tire to produce smoke