ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Some types of trees are able to survive the heat of a forest fire. Which of the following characteristics would best help a tree survive a fire?
Answer: thick bark
Hypothesis: thick bark has a positive impact on a tree's survival in a fire
Supporting facts: sent1: if too much heat is transferred to an object then that object may burn sent2: wood is usually sturdy sent3: intense heat has a negative impact on an organism sent4: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent5: burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing sent6: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent7: characteristic means property sent8: wildfire is when a forest catches fire sent9: bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree sent10: wood has a smooth surface sent11: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent12: survival means to survive sent13: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent14: if an organism becomes too hot then that organism may die sent15: if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die sent16: if an object is durable , then that object will not break easily sent17: heat means heat energy sent18: strong means high in strength sent19: as the thickness of something increases , the resistance  of that something to damage will increase sent20: bark is usually brown in color sent21: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival sent22: something hard / something strong can be used for protection sent23: as the resistance to something increases , how easilty that something can be done will decrease sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the thickness of something increases , the resistance  of that something to damage will increase [AND] bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree [INFER] int1: thick bark protects a tree from damage [BECAUSE] fire causes burning [AND] burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing [INFER] int2: fire causes harm to living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: thick bark protects a tree from damage caused by fire [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival [INFER] int4: thick bark has a positive impact on a tree's survival in a fire
Question: Which factor will prompt an animal's fight-or-flight response?
Answer: competition for food
Hypothesis: competition for food may cause a fight-or-flight response in animals
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause means to result in sent2: to act on means to affect sent3: food is what an animal eats sent4: to eat means to consume food sent5: competition may cause animals to fight / to make threatening sounds / to act aggressively towards members of their own species sent6: category means kind sent7: determine is similar to cause sent8: a food preference is a kind of preference sent9: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent10: animal instinct means instinctive behavior sent11: as the population of prey decreases , competition between predators will increase sent12: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent13: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent14: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent15: threatening behavior causes a fight-or-flight response in animals sent16: if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food sent17: to cause means to have an effect sent18: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent19: food is a kind of substance sent20: become prey means get eaten sent21: actions mean behavior sent22: disrupting is similar to having a negative impact sent23: action can cause change sent24: to impact means to affect sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food [AND] competition may cause animals to fight / to make threatening sounds / to act aggressively towards members of their own species [INFER] int1: competition for food may cause animals to display threatening behavior towards each other [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] threatening behavior causes a fight-or-flight response in animals [INFER] int2: competition for food may cause a fight-or-flight response in animals
Question: Which change would most likely cause deer to die or leave a woodland?
Answer: a forest fire
Hypothesis: a forest fire can cause an animal to die or leave their environment
Supporting facts: sent1: removing forests means removing animal habitats sent2: if an animal lives under ground then that animal will be protected from a wild fire sent3: to change means to cause a change sent4: if a habitat is removed then that habitat is destroyed sent5: an animal is a kind of organism sent6: if a habitat is destroyed then that habitat can not support animals sent7: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent8: if a habitat can no longer support animals then those animals will move to another area sent9: harming an organism can cause that organism to die sent10: leave alone means not change sent11: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent12: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent13: humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed sent14: fire causes harm to organisms sent15: a wildfire is a kind of natural disaster sent16: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent17: wildfire is when a forest catches fire sent18: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent19: wildfire means forest fire sent20: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat sent21: a tree is a kind of habitat sent22: natural disasters can cause animals to leave an environment sent23: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent24: a wildfire can mean a forest fire sent25: humans moving in an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fire causes harm to organisms [AND] harming an organism can cause that organism to die [INFER] int1: fire can cause organisms to die [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wildfire is when a forest catches fire [INFER] int2: a wildfire can cause organisms to die [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an animal is a kind of organism [INFER] int3: a wildfire can cause an animal to die [BECAUSE] a wildfire is a kind of natural disaster [AND] natural disasters can cause animals to leave an environment [INFER] int4: a wildfire can cause an animal to leave their environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a wildfire can cause an animal to die or leave their environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a wildfire can mean a forest fire [INFER] int6: a forest fire can cause an animal to die or leave their environment
Question: Which of these will most likely increase a plant population in a habitat?
Answer: more days of rain showers
Hypothesis: as the amount of rainfall in an environment increases, the populations of plants in that environment will increase
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive sent2: a tree is a kind of habitat sent3: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent4: as the available water in an environment increases , the populations of organisms in that environment will increase sent5: to add means to increase sent6: as available resources increases , the population of an organism using those resources will increase sent7: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent8: annual means once per year sent9: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent10: a plant is a kind of organism sent11: a plant requires water to grow sent12: rainfall is the amount of rain an area receives sent13: as the amount of water received by a plant increases , rate of growth of that plant will usually increase sent14: a native / indigenous plant lives in a place because of nature, not human change sent15: if something has a positive impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a positive impact on that something else sent16: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent17: if something has a positive impact on an organism 's growth then that something increases the population of that organism sent18: days are a kind of unit for measuring time sent19: as a population of organisms decreases , the resources used by those organisms will increase sent20: positive impacts on organisms / species will increase the population of the organisms / the species sent21: greater means higher / more in value sent22: rain is a source of water sent23: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent24: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent25: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rainfall is the amount of rain an area receives [AND] rain is a source of water [INFER] int1: as the amount of rainfall increases in an area , the amount of available water in that area will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the available water in an environment increases , the populations of organisms in that environment will increase [INFER] int2: as the amount of rainfall in an environment increases, the populations of organisms in that environment will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int3: as the amount of rainfall in an environment increases, the populations of plants in that environment will increase
Question: Which environmental factor would most likely prevent an orange tree from surviving in the desert?
Answer: the lack of moisture
Hypothesis: a lack of moisture prevents the survival of plants in the desert
Supporting facts: sent1: requiring too much of a resource has a negative impact on the availiability of that resource sent2: plants require water for survival sent3: a plant is a kind of living thing sent4: moisture is a form of water sent5: disrupting something from reaching something else decreases the availability of that something sent6: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent7: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources sent8: if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive sent9: a plant requires soil for survival / to grow sent10: as available water decreases , the population of plants will decrease sent11: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent12: as a population of organisms increases , the resources used by those organisms will decrease sent13: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent14: a desert environment is low in availability of water sent15: as a resource required by an organism decreases , the population of that organisms will decrease sent16: a cactus lives in the desert sent17: if the amount of available food and water decreases in an environment then animals may leave that environment to find food and water sent18: a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing sent19: if water vapor is limited to reach a location , then that location will be dry sent20: if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability sent21: a plant requires a habitat for survival sent22: a tree requires sunlight to grow sent23: a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive sent24: a plant requires water to grow sent25: a plant requires sunlight to grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: a lack of something that a plant requires prevents the survival of that plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] plants require water for survival [INFER] int2: a lack of water prevents the survival of plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a desert environment is low in availability of water [INFER] int3: a lack of water prevents the survival of plants in the desert [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] moisture is a form of water [INFER] int4: a lack of moisture prevents the survival of plants in the desert
Question: Which BEST explains why green marine algae are most often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean?
Answer: They can live only where there is light.
Hypothesis: algae often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean because they require sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent2: in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide / water / sunlight has the role of raw material sent3: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent4: solar energy is a kind of light sent5: as the latitude of a location decreases , the amount of sunlight in this location will increase sent6: if an organism is restricted to an area then that organism can only live in that area sent7: solar energy rarely causes pollution sent8: the photosynthetic life performs photosynthesis sent9: algae is a kind of plant sent10: sunlight is a kind of light sent11: sunlight can be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean sent12: if sunlight is blocked from an area then that area lacks sunlight sent13: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent14: darkness has a negative impact on photosynthesis sent15: as the availability of sunlight decreases , the ability of producers to produce food decrease sent16: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent17: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent18: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent19: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis sent20: algae are often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean sent21: producing light is used for attracting prey by some deep sea animals sent22: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent23: using solar energy decreases pollution sent24: light means light energy sent25: a plant light is used for help plants by mimicking sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] algae are often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean [AND] if an organism is restricted to an area then that organism can only live in that area [INFER] int1: algae often can only live in the top 100 meters of the ocean [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sunlight can be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean [INFER] int2: algae an sunlight often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean [BECAUSE] sunlight is a kind of light [AND] solar energy is a kind of light [INFER] int3: sunlight is a kind of solar energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [INFER] int4: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] algae is a kind of plant [INFER] int5: algae requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: algae often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean because they require sunlight
Question: Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because
Answer: their body temperature changes with the environment.
Hypothesis: reptiles become more active on warmer days because their body temperature increases along with the temperature of their environment
Supporting facts: sent1: as temperature in the environment increases , the body temperature of a reptile in that environment will increase sent2: staying warm means keeping warm sent3: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent4: getting something increases the amount of that something sent5: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent6: adding heat means increasing temperature sent7: as the temperature of an object increases , the size of that object will increase sent8: animals adapt to their environment sent9: become warm means get warm sent10: warmer means greater / higher in temperature sent11: temperature rise means become warmer sent12: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent13: a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures sent14: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent15: moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent16: being active requires energy sent17: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent18: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent19: to add means to increase sent20: reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer sent21: an object moving from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent22: increase means more sent23: if an object / a substance / a location absorbs solar energy then that object / that substance will increase in temperature sent24: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent25: being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as temperature in the environment increases , the body temperature of a reptile in that environment will increase [AND] as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase [INFER] int1: as the temperature during the day increases, the body temperature of a reptile in a given environment will increase [BECAUSE] warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth [AND] reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer [INFER] int2: reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer in temperature [BECAUSE] warmer means greater / higher in temperature [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: warmer temperatures means greater heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] being active requires energy [INFER] int4: being active requires a warmer temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: warmer temperatures cause reptiles to become more active [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: reptiles become more active on warmer days because their body temperature increases along with the temperature of their environment
Question: A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to
Answer: hot temperatures
Hypothesis: an example of adaptations to hot temperatures are panting and sweating
Supporting facts: sent1: sweat cools a body sent2: intense heat has a negative impact on an organism sent3: producing is similar to causing sent4: panting is when an animal breathes quickly through the mouth sent5: if an animal becomes too hot then that animal may die sent6: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent7: panting is when an animal 's body is cooled by hanging out their tongue sent8: cooling means temperature decreases sent9: if the environmental temperature is too hot then an animal in that environment may become hot sent10: adjusting body temperature means stabilizing body temperature sent11: cold temperatures / cool temperatures cause animals to shiver sent12: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent13: warm up means increase temperature sent14: to sweat means the body discharges water sent15: sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals sent16: both means two sent17: cooling means decreasing heat / temperature sent18: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent19: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent20: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent21: a person is a kind of animal sent22: if a hot object / substance is exposed to / touches a cold object / substance then that object / that substance will likely cool sent23: cold temperatures usually have a negative impact on organisms sent24: if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot sent25: the body of a mammal is a source of heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sweat cools a body [AND] sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals [INFER] int1: when the body is hot , sweat is used to cool the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] panting is when an animal 's body is cooled by hanging out their tongue [INFER] int2: panting and sweating are used to cool the body [BECAUSE] cooling means decreasing heat / temperature [AND] if an animal becomes too hot then that animal may die [INFER] int3: cooling can be used by an animal for survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if the environmental temperature is too hot then an animal in that environment may become hot [INFER] int4: if the temperature of an animal's environment becomes too hot then that animal must cool itself [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment [INFER] int5: an animal cooling itself is an adaptation to hot temperatures [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an example of adaptations to hot temperatures are panting and sweating