ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see parts of the plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: observe means see sent2: microscopic means very small in size sent3: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent4: to study means to examine sent5: seeing small things is difficult sent6: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent7: inspect / observe means examine sent8: optical tools are used for observing materials up close / in greater detail sent9: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent10: a cell is very small sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent13: a cell is a kind of object sent14: smaller means less / lower in size sent15: the parts of something make up that something sent16: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent17: to observe means to gather information sent18: a whole is formed by its parts sent19: shape of the parts of something is a property of that something sent20: a piece is a part of a whole sent21: studying something usually requires seeing that something sent22: shape is a property of an object sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: cell division means cell reproduction sent25: a part of an object is smaller in size than the whole object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell is very small [AND] a cell is a kind of object [AND] a plant cell is a kind of cell [INFER] int1: a plant cell is a very small object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a part of an object is smaller in size than the whole object [INFER] int2: a part of the plant cell will be smaller than a plant cell [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger [INFER] int3: a microscope can be used to see parts of the plant cell
Question: The first microscopes were built in the 1600s. Microscopes have improved since then, but still perform the same job. How do microscopes most help scientists?
Answer: They make small objects easier to see.
Hypothesis: a microscope can be help make small things easier to see
Supporting facts: sent1: seeing is used for sensing visual things sent2: to observe means to gather information sent3: seeing requires light sent4: to get a better look at means to see better sent5: as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen more easily sent6: viewing means observing light sent7: to study means to examine sent8: looking is similar to observing sent9: to view means to see sent10: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent11: lab equipment is often used for measuring / observing sent12: useful means good to use sent13: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent14: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent15: to make something easier means to help sent16: to see means to look sent17: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent18: useful means able to be used sent19: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent20: improving the design of something helps that something to do its function sent21: sight means vision sent22: inspect / observe means examine sent23: studying is similar to observing sent24: a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent25: making discoveries requires observing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger [AND] as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen more easily [INFER] int1: a microscope can be help make small things easier to see
Question: A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?
Answer: an electron microscope.
Hypothesis: an electron microscope can be used to see atoms and molecules by making them appear bigger
Supporting facts: sent1: interatomic means existing or acting between atoms sent2: electron configuration is a property of elements sent3: an atom is exceptionally small in size sent4: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent5: the particles are different in arrangement in different substances sent6: organizing is sorting things in order by their properties sent7: shape is a property of an object sent8: atom cannot be divided into smaller substances sent9: arrangement means how something is arranged sent10: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent11: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent12: a computer-aided design program can be used to draw three-dimensional objects with exact dimensions and angles sent13: to study means to examine sent14: a molecule is exceptionally small in size sent15: studying is similar to observing sent16: useful means able to be used sent17: shape is a kind of physical property sent18: optical tools are used for observing materials up close / in greater detail sent19: observe means see sent20: look at means observe sent21: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent22: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent23: structure is a property of an object / a material / a substance sent24: an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger sent25: instrument means device
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a molecule is exceptionally small in size [AND] an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger [AND] an atom is exceptionally small in size [INFER] int1: an electron microscope can be used to see atoms and molecules by making them appear bigger
Question: Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see bacteria by making them appear bigger
Supporting facts: sent1: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent2: as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen / be observed more easily / better sent3: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent4: instrument means device sent5: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent6: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent7: useful means able to be used sent8: observe means see sent9: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent10: to be made of is similar to collection sent11: bacteria is small / microscopic in size sent12: to study means to examine sent13: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument sent14: a microscope is used to see microscope things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent15: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent16: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent17: look at means observe sent18: an instrument is a piece of equipment sent19: studying is similar to observing sent20: something is used for that something 's purpose sent21: investigation sometimes requires experimentation sent22: observations / data are a part of the results of an experiment sent23: studying is similar to investigating sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: studying a soil sample means studying the microorganisms in that soil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bacteria is small / microscopic in size [AND] a microscope is used to see microscope things by scientists by making them appear bigger [INFER] int1: a microscope can be used to see bacteria by making them appear bigger
Question: Plants in a forest need to obtain nutrients from the soil to survive. How do most of the nutrients get back in the soil once the forest plants have used them for growth?
Answer: Organic matter recycles from dead organisms.
Hypothesis: decompostition is a stage where the nutrients are recycled from dead organisms to the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: matter / energy is always conserved in any physical or chemical process sent2: plant and animal matter means organic matter sent3: remains is similar to dead organisms sent4: living organisms require organic compounds to survive sent5: remains mean parts of a dead organism sent6: an organism is made of organic matter sent7: biotic means living sent8: recyclability is a property of a material and includes ordered values of nonrecyclable / recyclable sent9: replacing is similar to recycling sent10: recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times sent11: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent12: returning is similar to adding sent13: dead plants means dead plant material sent14: organic is similar to of organism sent15: carbohydrates are a vehicle for storing / transporting energy sent16: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent17: renewing soil increases the nutrients in soil sent18: organic material increases the ability of soil to retain water sent19: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent20: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent21: decomposers are a kind of organism sent22: to recycle means return sent23: to decompose means to decay sent24: once means one time sent25: as the amount of organic matter in soil increases , the soil will be better for the growth of plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposers are a kind of organism [AND] an organism is made of organic matter [INFER] int1: decomposers are made of organic matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int2: decomposition is when organic matter recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process [INFER] int3: decompostition is a stage where the nutrients are recycled from dead organisms to the soil
Question: Which is a learned behavior?
Answer: A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick.
Hypothesis: a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick is a kind of learned behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick sent2: the ability to do means be able to do sent3: scavengers eat dead organisms sent4: something is used for that something 's purpose sent5: purpose means role sent6: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent7: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent8: seeking something means trying to find / searching for something sent9: learning / studying information causes one to know that information sent10: to discover means to find sent11: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent12: characteristic means property sent13: determining is similar to learning sent14: using tools is a learned characteristic sent15: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent16: to detect means to find sent17: studying is similar to observing sent18: observe means see sent19: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent20: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent21: finding something requires sensing that something sent22: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent23: an animal is a member of an animal species sent24: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent25: feature is synonymous with characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] using tools is a learned characteristic [AND] a behavior is a kind of characteristic [INFER] int1: using tools is a kind of learned behavior [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick [INFER] int2: a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick is a kind of learned behavior
Question: An example of a learned trait is
Answer: being able to read
Hypothesis: being able to read is a kind of learned characteristics
Supporting facts: sent1: being able to read is a kind of skill sent2: good means positive sent3: conditioned behavior is a kind of learned behavior sent4: can be means able to be sent5: something that is used for communication increases communication sent6: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent7: reading is a kind of activity sent8: can means having the ability to sent9: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent10: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent11: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent12: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent13: human is similar to individual sent14: the ability to do means be able to do sent15: information is used to describe something sent16: instruction is a kind of information sent17: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent18: to be capable means can sent19: useful means good to use sent20: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent21: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent22: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent23: trait means property sent24: characteristic means property sent25: a student is a kind of human
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being able to read is a kind of skill [AND] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [INFER] int1: being able to read is a kind of learned characteristics
Question: An example of a learned behavior is
Answer: driving a car
Hypothesis: driving is a kind of learned behaviors
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent2: generally means usually sent3: driving is a kind of way of commuting sent4: a vehicle is used for travel sent5: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent6: good means positive sent7: a demonstration is similar to an example sent8: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent9: humans ride vehicles sent10: characteristic means property sent11: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent12: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent13: usually means most of the time sent14: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent15: actions mean behavior sent16: to drive means to cause sent17: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent18: the ability to do means be able to do sent19: driving is a kind of skill for operating a vehicle sent20: riding in / driving in a vehicle means using that vehicle sent21: a vehicle is used for transportation sent22: human is similar to individual sent23: a kind of something is an example of that something sent24: instruction is a kind of information sent25: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] driving is a kind of skill for operating a vehicle [AND] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [INFER] int1: driving is a kind of learned behaviors
Question: A parent and a child share several characteristics. Both individuals are tall, have curly hair, are good cooks, and have freckles. Which of these characteristics is a learned behavior?
Answer: being a good cook
Hypothesis: cooking is a kind of learned bahaviors
Supporting facts: sent1: the style of a human is an acquired characteristic sent2: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent3: good means positive sent4: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent5: a food preference is a kind of preference sent6: personality is an acquired characteristic sent7: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent8: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent9: characteristic means property sent10: to improve means to have a positive impact sent11: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent12: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent13: the intelligence of animals is an acquired characteristic sent14: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent15: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent16: cooking is a kind of skill for preparing food sent17: having a job has a positive impact on a human sent18: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent19: doing chores is a learned characteristic sent20: having food has a positive impact on an organism 's health sent21: to be good for means to have a positive impact on sent22: being able to read is a kind of skill sent23: to do a job means to perform a job sent24: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent25: being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cooking is a kind of skill for preparing food [AND] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [INFER] int1: cooking is a kind of learned bahaviors
Question: Which is a characteristic of a dog that is most likely a result of its environment?
Answer: its food preference
Hypothesis: the food preference of a dog is affected by its environment
Supporting facts: sent1: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent2: selection means choosing sent3: a dog is a kind of animal sent4: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent5: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent6: a result of something is evidence of that something sent7: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent8: if a trait is chosen , then the trait is desirable sent9: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent10: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent11: trait means property sent12: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent13: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent14: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent15: characteristic means property sent16: to eat means to consume food sent17: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent18: learned characteristics are similar to acquired characteristics sent19: an animal is a kind of organism sent20: an environment means an area sent21: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent22: a food preference is a kind of preference sent23: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent24: food is what an animal eats sent25: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] preferences are generally learned characteristics [AND] a food preference is a kind of preference [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] learned characteristics are similar to acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: food preference is a kind of acquired characteristics [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: a dog is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics [INFER] int4: the food preference of a dog is affected by its environment
Question: Which characteristic is an example of learned behavior?
Answer: a dog scratching at a door to go out
Hypothesis: a dog scratching at a door to go out is a learned behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent2: noise means sound sent3: if humans disturb animals in a location then those animals will move to a different location sent4: skills often require practice sent5: actions mean behavior sent6: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent7: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent8: rubbing is similar to scratching sent9: the ability to do means be able to do sent10: a demonstration is similar to an example sent11: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent12: if something enters something else then that something is in that something else sent13: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent14: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent15: using tools is a learned characteristic sent16: learning / studying information causes one to know that information sent17: instruction is a kind of information sent18: observe means see sent19: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent20: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent21: some dogs are trained to scratch at the door when they want to go outside sent22: if an animal is trained to do something then that something is a learned behavior sent23: playing with toys is a learned characteristic sent24: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent25: characteristic means property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] some dogs are trained to scratch at the door when they want to go outside [AND] if an animal is trained to do something then that something is a learned behavior [INFER] int1: a dog scratching at a door to go out is a learned behavior
Question: Which behavior of a dog is the best example of a learned behavior?
Answer: coming when called
Hypothesis: a dog coming when called is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: requiring is similar to needing help sent2: good means positive sent3: instruction is a kind of information sent4: characteristic means property sent5: can be means able to be sent6: actions mean behavior sent7: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent8: following orders is a learned characteristic sent9: the ability to do means be able to do sent10: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent11: receive means get sent12: action means activity sent13: obtain is similar to receive sent14: generally means usually sent15: to act on means to affect sent16: trait means property sent17: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent18: an example of following orders is coming when called sent19: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent20: returning is similar to bringing sent21: sensing a warning means receiving a warning sent22: best means most positive sent23: using tools is a learned characteristic sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of following orders is coming when called [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int1: a dog coming when called is a kind of learned characteristic