ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The male insects in a population are treated to prevent sperm production. Would this reduce this insect population?
Answer: Yes, because it would sharply decrease the reproduction rate.
Hypothesis: the population of the insects will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: two females cannot usually reproduce with each other sent2: to prevent means to make it not happen sent3: to attract females / males means to attract mates sent4: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent5: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring sent6: negative impacts on organisms / species will decrease the population of the organisms / the species sent7: a population is made of one type of organism in an area sent8: as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease sent9: sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg sent10: to inhibit means to prevent sent11: animals require fertilization to reproduce sent12: in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring sent13: the sperm production is prevented in male insects sent14: preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction sent15: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent16: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle sent17: as a population of organisms increases , the resources used by those organisms will decrease sent18: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent19: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent20: as the size of a source of something increases , the amount of something that source produces will decrease sent21: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent22: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent23: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent24: as a resource required by an organism decreases , the population of that organisms will decrease sent25: having a positive impact on reproduction increases the chance of reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sperm production is prevented in male insects [AND] if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring [AND] sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg [INFER] int1: the sexual reproduction process is prevented in the insects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction [AND] sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction [INFER] int2: the reproduction rate in the insects will decrease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease [INFER] int3: the population of the insects will decrease
Question: Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants?
Answer: Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.
Hypothesis: a flower producing seeds is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants
Supporting facts: sent1: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent2: the type of seed of a plant is an inherited characteristic sent3: to give off means to be the source of sent4: pollination is the fertilization stage in plants reproduction sent5: seeds sprouting causes plants to grow sent6: to produce means to result in sent7: pollinated means after pollination sent8: a seed is a kind of young plant sent9: to produce means to create sent10: sprouting means germinating sent11: something is used for that something 's purpose sent12: fertilization is a kind of process sent13: flowers are a source of fruit sent14: fertilization is a stage in the sexual reproduction process sent15: a flower is a source of nectar sent16: plants of the same species have the same type of seed sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: fruit contains seeds sent19: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent20: emit means produce sent21: seeds are produced in the stage of pollination in plants reproduction sent22: a zygote is formed immediately after fertilization sent23: flowers sometimes become fruits after pollination sent24: blossoms means flowers sent25: a flower produces seeds
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fertilization is a stage in the sexual reproduction process [AND] pollination is the fertilization stage in plants reproduction [INFER] int1: pollination is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] seeds are produced in the stage of pollination in plants reproduction [INFER] int2: seeds are produced in the sexual reproduction process of plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a flower produces seeds [INFER] int3: a flower producing seeds is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants
Question: A son can inherit traits
Answer: from both his father and his mother
Hypothesis: a son will receive traits determined by the genes of his mother and the genes of his father
Supporting facts: sent1: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent2: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics sent3: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent4: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent5: in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring sent6: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent7: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent8: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent9: a baby means the offspring of a parent sent10: genes contains genetic information sent11: genes are made of dna sent12: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent13: heredity is similar to inheritance sent14: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent15: a father is a kind of male parent sent16: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent17: a son is a kind of male offspring sent18: trait means property sent19: a gene is a kind of unit of hereditary information sent20: both means two sent21: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent22: a mother is a kind of female parent sent23: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent24: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent25: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a father is a kind of male parent [AND] a son is a kind of male offspring [AND] a mother is a kind of female parent [AND] offspring receives half of the genes from each parent [INFER] int1: a son will receive half of the genes from his mother and his father [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int2: a son will receive traits determined by the genes of his mother and the genes of his father
Question: Which example shows a new substance being formed?
Answer: a candle burning
Hypothesis: a new substance is being formed in this process
Supporting facts: sent1: to make means to form sent2: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions sent3: forming is similar to converting sent4: to cause the formation of means to form sent5: to convert means to change sent6: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent7: to become is similar to change into sent8: to change into means to form sent9: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent10: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent11: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent12: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent13: chemical reactions cause new substances to form sent14: the candle is burning sent15: becoming is similar to forming sent16: fire causes burning sent17: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent18: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent19: to be formed by is to be the result of sent20: forming is a kind of replenishing sent21: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent22: the formation of something is a kind of process sent23: forming is a kind of action sent24: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent25: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the candle is burning [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: fire causes the candle to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: the candle is undergoing a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int3: a new substance is being formed in this process
Question: Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?
Answer: chemical
Hypothesis: the hammer has undergone a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: rusty means having rust sent2: a metal is a kind of element sent3: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent4: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent5: to convert means to change sent6: a hammer often is made of metal sent7: to change into means to form sent8: months are a kind of unit for measuring time sent9: when a metal rusts , that metal becomes flaky on the surface sent10: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent11: rust is a kind of compound sent12: different types of matter have different chemical properties sent13: rusting means forming rust sent14: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent15: kim's hammer is flaky on the surface sent16: to change means to cause a change sent17: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent18: phase means state sent19: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent20: form means kind sent21: affected means changed sent22: variable means able to change sent23: metal is a kind of substance sent24: material means substance sent25: if something used to be in the past then that something has changed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a hammer often is made of metal [AND] when a metal rusts , that metal becomes flaky on the surface [INFER] int1: when a hammer rusts, the hammer will becom flaky on the surface [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] kim's hammer is flaky on the surface [INFER] int2: the hammer has rusted [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int3: the hammer has undergone a chemical change
Question: Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?
Answer: popping popcorn
Hypothesis: popping popcorn will cause a different substance with different chemical properties to form
Supporting facts: sent1: to add means to increase sent2: to change means to have an effect sent3: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent4: popping popcorn requires adding heat to the corns sent5: adding something is a kind of change sent6: chemicals means substances sent7: action can cause change sent8: different types of matter have different chemical properties sent9: to keep a process or event happening is similar to causing that process or event to happen sent10: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent11: action means activity sent12: producing is similar to causing sent13: the effects of something is a property of that something sent14: to change means to become different sent15: adding heat means increasing temperature sent16: a corn is a kind of object sent17: different substances have different chemical properties sent18: heat energy can change the state of matter sent19: to change means to cause a change sent20: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent21: chemical reactions cause different substances to form sent22: objects contain chemical energy sent23: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent24: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent25: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a corn is a kind of object [AND] adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions [AND] popping popcorn requires adding heat to the corns [INFER] int1: popping popcorn will cause chemical reactions to the corns [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chemical reactions cause different substances to form [INFER] int2: popping popcorn will cause a different substance to form [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] different substances have different chemical properties [INFER] int3: popping popcorn will cause a different substance with different chemical properties to form
Question: Which results in a chemical change?
Answer: A teacher lights a candle.
Hypothesis: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent2: lighting a candle causes that candle to burn sent3: result means outcome sent4: to change means to have an effect sent5: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent6: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent7: chemical change is the opposite of physical change sent8: action can cause change sent9: to prompt means to cause sent10: to change means to cause a change sent11: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent12: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent13: chemical energy is a kind of energy sent14: producing is similar to causing sent15: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent16: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent17: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent18: electricity means electrical energy sent19: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent20: to convert means to change sent21: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent22: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent23: putting out a fire stops the burning of that fire sent24: phase means state sent25: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lighting a candle causes that candle to burn [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: lighting a candle is using fire to cause the candle to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int3: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical change
Question: Which action causes a chemical change?
Answer: leaves being burned in a fire
Hypothesis: burning a leaf with fire causes a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf is a kind of object sent2: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent3: putting out a fire stops the burning of that fire sent4: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent5: action can cause change sent6: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent7: chemicals means substances sent8: phase means state sent9: to combust means to catch fire sent10: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent11: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent12: to change means to have an effect sent13: if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy sent14: action means activity sent15: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent16: combustibility means the ability of combustion sent17: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent18: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent19: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent20: to change means to cause a change sent21: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent22: more burning causes fire to be hotter sent23: combustibility is a kind of chemical property sent24: determine is similar to cause sent25: fire causes burning on objects
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a kind of object [AND] fire causes burning on objects [INFER] int1: fire can cause a leaf to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: burning a leaf with fire is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int3: burning a leaf with fire causes a chemical change
Question: In making a pizza, which process involves a chemical change?
Answer: baking the dough to form the crust
Hypothesis: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: to be formed by is to be the result of sent2: to make means to form sent3: baking is a kind of cooking sent4: adding heat to food usually causes chemical reaction sent5: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent6: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent7: food is a kind of substance sent8: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent9: the crust is a layer of the earth sent10: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions sent11: to convert means to change sent12: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent13: food is a kind of chemical energy sent14: forming something is a kind of change sent15: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent16: to change means to cause a change sent17: make means produce sent18: forming is similar to converting sent19: the dough is baked to form the crust of a pizza sent20: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent21: to change means to have an effect sent22: bacteria / molds / yeast cause food to spoil sent23: if food is cooked then heat energy is added to that food sent24: chemical change is the opposite of physical change sent25: cooking food requires adding heat energy to the food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cooking food requires adding heat energy to the food [AND] adding heat to food usually causes chemical reaction [INFER] int1: cooking causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] baking is a kind of cooking [INFER] int2: baking causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the dough is baked to form the crust of a pizza [INFER] int3: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int4: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical change
Question: Which is a chemical change?
Answer: Element 3 turns a greenish color as it sits in air.
Hypothesis: a chemical change may occur to element 3
Supporting facts: sent1: to change means to cause a change sent2: phase means state sent3: contains means located in sent4: an element is a kind of atom sent5: to change into means to form sent6: element 3 turns to a greenish color sent7: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent8: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent9: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent10: sodium is a kind of element sent11: chemical reactivity is a property of elements and includes ordered values of reactive / unreactive sent12: the elements in the chemical reaction stays the same after the reaction sent13: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent14: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent15: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent16: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent17: chemical change is the opposite of physical change sent18: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent19: to convert means to change sent20: to turn means to convert sent21: turns is similar to changes sent22: an element is a kind of substance sent23: an element is a kind of material sent24: to become is similar to change into sent25: combustion is a kind of chemical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an element is a kind of substance [AND] element 3 turns to a greenish color [INFER] int1: element 3 turning green is an example of a substance turning green [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred [INFER] int2: a chemical change may occur to element 3
Question: Which is an example of a chemical change?
Answer: a rusting car fender
Hypothesis: a rusting car fender is an example of chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause means to result in sent2: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent3: a car fender is sometimes made of metal sent4: rusting means forming rust sent5: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent6: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent7: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent8: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent9: form means kind sent10: substances are made of matter sent11: phase means state sent12: metals are made of metal sent13: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent14: substances have chemical properties sent15: materials are made of matter sent16: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent17: iron is a kind of element sent18: to change means to have an effect sent19: metal is a kind of substance sent20: a change is a kind of event sent21: an example of a chemical change is electrical energy breaking down a compound sent22: rust is a kind of compound sent23: to change means to cause a change sent24: metal rusts sent25: chemical change is the opposite of physical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metal rusts [AND] a car fender is sometimes made of metal [INFER] int1: a car fender might rust [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int2: a rusting car fender is an example of chemical change