ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?
Answer: from liquid to gas
Hypothesis: water changes from a liquid to a gas when it is boiling
Supporting facts: sent1: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent2: fire transfers heat through waves sent3: steam / water vapor is a kind of water above 100 degrees celsius sent4: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent5: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent6: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent7: stirring is when something moves an object in a circular motion for mixing sent8: heat means temperature increases sent9: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent10: adding heat means increasing temperature sent11: an electric stove changes electrical energy into heat energy sent12: boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent13: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent14: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent15: if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise sent16: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent17: heating means adding heat sent18: the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k sent19: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent20: water is boiling in the pot sent21: phase means state sent22: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent23: heat means heat energy sent24: boiling means the volume of a liquid decreases sent25: evaporating is a kind of phase change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [AND] water is boiling in the pot [INFER] int1: water changes from a liquid to a gas when it is boiling
Question: If enough heat is taken away from a container of water, what will happen to the water?
Answer: It will become a solid.
Hypothesis: the water in the container will be changed from a liquid to a solid by decreasing heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of substance sent2: if an object is placed in a substance / in a location that is colder then that object will cool to the same temperature of that substance / of that location sent3: heat is taken away from a container of water sent4: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent5: when water freezes , that water expands sent6: deplete is similar to decrease sent7: freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy sent8: to reduce means to decrease sent9: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent10: as the temperature of a substance / an object decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent11: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent12: stay the same means not changing sent13: drying means amount of water / amount of liquid / wetness decreases sent14: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent15: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent16: taking heat away from water means decreasing heat energy of the water sent17: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent18: cooling means temperature decreases sent19: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent20: matter in the solid phase has definite shape sent21: liquid water cooling causes that liquid water to freeze sent22: remove means decrease sent23: matter in the solid phase has definite volume sent24: freezing point means temperature at which a liquid freezes / below which a liquid freezes sent25: becoming is similar to forming
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int1: decreasing the heat energy of water will change water from a liquid into a solid [BECAUSE] taking heat away from water means decreasing heat energy of the water [AND] heat is taken away from a container of water [INFER] int2: the heat energy of the water in the container is decreasing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the water in the container will be changed from a liquid to a solid by decreasing heat energy
Question: Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?
Answer: a change in air temperature
Hypothesis: a change in air temperature can cause water to change from one state of matter into another state of matter
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of substance sent2: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent5: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent6: state means form sent7: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent8: physical state means state of matter sent9: an example of a physical change is a phase change sent10: phase means state sent11: variability of shape / variability of volume is a property of matter and includes values of variable / definite sent12: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent13: state of matter means physical state sent14: if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change sent15: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent16: cooling means temperature decreases sent17: affected means changed sent18: a phase change is a kind of physical change sent19: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent20: a phase change is when a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent21: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent22: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent23: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent24: state of matter is a kind of physical property sent25: to change means to cause a change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] temperature changing can cause phase changes [AND] a phase change is when a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter [INFER] int1: temperature changing can cause a substance to change from one state of matter into another state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] air temperature is a kind of temperature [INFER] int2: a change in air temperature can cause a substance to change from one state of matter into another state of matter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: a change in air temperature can cause water to change from one state of matter into another state of matter
Question: At room temperature, what state of matter is copper?
Answer: solid
Hypothesis: the state of matter of copper is solid
Supporting facts: sent1: liquid / solid means nongaseous sent2: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: solid is a kind of state of matter sent5: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent6: material means substance sent7: tungsten is a kind of metal sent8: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent9: a metal is usually a solid at room temperature sent10: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent11: copper is a kind of metal sent12: a physical property is a kind of property sent13: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent14: condition means the state of the property sent15: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent16: heating means adding heat sent17: physical state means state of matter sent18: an insulator is the opposite of a conductor sent19: state of matter means physical state sent20: state means form sent21: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent22: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent23: to be found in means to be contained in sent24: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent25: definite is the opposite of variable
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] copper is a kind of metal [AND] a metal is usually a solid at room temperature [INFER] int1: copper is a solid at room temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: the state of matter of copper is solid
Question: When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his
Answer: shadow
Hypothesis: the boy can see his shadow in the sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: hiding means visibility / ability to be seen decreases for camouflage sent2: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent3: looking is similar to observing sent4: shadow of an object can be seen by eyes sent5: sight means to see sent6: if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light sent7: sunlight is a kind of light sent8: to see means to look sent9: not looking means not seeing sent10: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent11: sight means vision sent12: visible means able to be seen sent13: an object blocking light causes a shadow sent14: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent15: a boy stands in the sunlight sent16: a boy is a kind of object sent17: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent18: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent19: as a source of light moves directly overhead of an object , the size of the shadow of that object will decrease sent20: as the amount of light decreases , the difficulty to see shadows will increase sent21: motion / movement means moving / to move sent22: dark means a low amount of light sent23: to disappear behind means to move behind sent24: ability is a kind of characteristic sent25: to move toward means to move nearer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an object blocking light causes a shadow [AND] if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light [INFER] int1: if an object is in the light then the object will cause a shadow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int2: if an object is in the sunlight then the object will cause a shadow [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a boy is a kind of object [INFER] int3: if a boy is in the sunlight then the boy will cause a shadow [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a boy stands in the sunlight [INFER] int4: the boy in the sunlight will cause a shadow [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] shadow of an object can be seen by eyes [INFER] int5: the boy can see his shadow in the sunlight
Question: What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day?
Answer: increase in length
Hypothesis: the length of the metal railroad tracks will also increase during the day
Supporting facts: sent1: a hot substance is a source of heat sent2: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent3: increase means more sent4: length is a part of size sent5: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent6: warm up means increase temperature sent7: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent8: as the temperature of an environment increase, the objects in the environment will increase in temperature sent9: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent10: as the specific heat of a material decreases , the temperature of the material will increase more given the same amount of energy sent11: moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent12: solar energy is a kind of heat energy sent13: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent14: sunlight means solar energy sent15: summer has the most sunlight sent16: when metal conducts heat , that metal expands sent17: temperature increases during the day sent18: adding heat means increasing temperature sent19: the metal railroad tracks are out during the day sent20: heat means heat energy sent21: heat has a great / big impact on weather sent22: as the temperature of an object increases , the size of that object will increase sent23: an object moving from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent24: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent25: to add means to increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase [AND] as the temperature of an environment increase, the objects in the environment will increase in temperature [INFER] int1: as the temperautre of the day increases, the objects in the environment will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the temperature of an object increases , the size of that object will increase [INFER] int2: as the temperature of the day increases, the size of the objects in the environment will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature increases during the day [AND] the metal railroad tracks are out during the day [INFER] int3: the size of the metal railroad tracks will increase during the day [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] length is a part of size [INFER] int4: the length of the metal railroad tracks will also increase during the day
Question: When air is heated, it will most likely
Answer: expand and rise.
Hypothesis: if air is heated then air will expand and rise
Supporting facts: sent1: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent2: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent3: cooling means temperature decreases sent4: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent5: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent6: the atmosphere is a kind of area sent7: temperature rise means temperature increase sent8: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent9: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent10: if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise sent11: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent12: rising means moving upward sent13: increase means more sent14: heat means heat energy sent15: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent16: expand means increase in size sent17: temperature rise means become warmer sent18: expand means increase in volume sent19: warm up means increase temperature sent20: expand means spread out sent21: air is a kind of gas sent22: adding heat means increasing temperature sent23: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent24: heat is a kind of energy sent25: rising means elevation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise [AND] air is a kind of gas [INFER] int1: if air is heated then air will expand and rise
Question: The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?
Answer: The metal lid expanded under warm water.
Hypothesis: the lid is easier to open because the metal lid expands under the warm water
Supporting facts: sent1: warm means medium heat energy / temperature sent2: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent3: heat is a kind of energy sent4: metal is a kind of material sent5: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent6: sweat cools / helps to cool a body sent7: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: if a material is heated , then the material will expand sent10: the water is warm sent11: if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm sent12: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent13: when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body sent14: if something is in something else , then that something is exposed to that something else sent15: as the ability to do something decreases , doing that something will be harder sent16: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent17: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent18: if the lid of a container expands then that container will be easier to open sent19: warm up means increase temperature sent20: a hot / warm something is a source of heat sent21: heat means temperature increases sent22: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent23: a material 's response to heating and cooling can be used to study that material 's thermal properties sent24: warm means warm temperature sent25: a metal lid is put under warm water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the water is warm [AND] a hot / warm something is a source of heat [INFER] int1: the warm water is a source of heat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a metal lid is put under warm water [INFER] int2: the metal lid is put under a source of heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm [INFER] int3: the metal lid will become hot under the warm water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] metal is a kind of material [AND] if a material is heated , then the material will expand [INFER] int4: the metal lid will expand under the warm water [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if the lid of a container expands then that container will be easier to open [INFER] int5: the lid is easier to open because the metal lid expands under the warm water
Question: A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules?
Answer: They move faster.
Hypothesis: the molecules in the gas will move faster
Supporting facts: sent1: adding heat means increasing temperature sent2: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent3: if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise sent4: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent5: fast means quickly sent6: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent7: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent8: speed up means increase sent9: as an object moves faster , the kinetic energy of that object will increase sent10: substances are made of molecules sent11: warm up means increase temperature sent12: faster means increased rate sent13: increase means more sent14: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent15: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent16: when gas compresses , the temperature of the gas increases sent17: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent18: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent19: as the kinetic energy of particles increases , the particles will move faster sent20: a gas is heated and its temperature increases sent21: gas is a kind of substance sent22: as the kinetic energy of an object increases , the object will travel faster sent23: cooling means temperature decreases sent24: as the temperature increases , the kinetic energy of the molecules will increase sent25: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] substances are made of molecules [AND] gas is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: a gas is made of its molecules [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a gas is heated and its temperature increases [AND] as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart [INFER] int2: the molecules in the gas will move faster
Question: In a copper wire, a temperature increase is the result of which of the following?
Answer: an increase in the motion of the copper particles
Hypothesis: as the temperature of the copper wire increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart
Supporting facts: sent1: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent2: as the specific heat of a material decreases , the temperature of the material will increase more given the same amount of energy sent3: moving changes potential energy / stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent4: heat is a kind of energy sent5: heating means adding heat sent6: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent7: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent8: as the temperature of a substance / an object decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent9: motion / movement means moving / to move sent10: thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles sent11: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent12: electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to heat up / to become warm sent13: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent14: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent15: increase means more sent16: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent17: a copper wire is a kind of matter sent18: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent19: as the temperature increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart sent20: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent21: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent22: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent23: faster means an increase / higher in speed sent24: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent25: as the kinetic energy of particles increases , the particles will move faster
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a copper wire is a kind of matter [AND] as the temperature increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart [INFER] int1: as the temperature of the copper wire increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart