ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of these structures produces male gametes in humans?
Answer: testes
Hypothesis: the testes produce male gametes in humans
Supporting facts: sent1: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent2: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent3: gamete means sex cell sent4: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent5: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent6: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent7: to emit means to release sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: a mammal is a kind of animal sent10: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent11: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent12: a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes sent13: motion / movement means moving / to move sent14: being on something / placed in something / placed over something means touching that something sent15: the testes is a source of male gametes in animals sent16: sexual reproduction in animals is when egg / sperm join together sent17: producing is a kind of function sent18: a human is a kind of mammal sent19: a human is a kind of animal sent20: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent21: a source of something produces that something sent22: both means two sent23: to produce means to result in sent24: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the testes is a source of male gametes in animals [AND] a source of something produces that something [INFER] int1: the testes produce male gametes in animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: the testes produce male gametes in humans
Question: Which sense is used to determine an object's texture?
Answer: touch
Hypothesis: touch can be used for detecting texture
Supporting facts: sent1: measuring requires reading a measurement sent2: when two objects are touched / are contacted / move against each other , sound is produced sent3: sense is used for obtaining information about one 's environment sent4: measuring is a kind of observing sent5: being in something means touching that something sent6: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent7: variable means able to change sent8: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent9: an object has properties sent10: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent11: motion / movement means moving / to move sent12: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent13: something is used for that something 's purpose sent14: feeling is when an living thing senses through touch sent15: being on something / placed in something / placed over something means touching that something sent16: physical properties can be detected by feeling sent17: texture is a kind of physical property sent18: better senses have a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent19: if an object is held under a substance then that object is touching that substance sent20: property is similar to measurement sent21: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent22: characteristic means property sent23: if something is cold in temperature , then something will be cold to touch sent24: to touch means to contact sent25: if one surface / one substance / one object touches something then one is exposed to that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] physical properties can be detected by feeling [AND] texture is a kind of physical property [INFER] int1: texture can be detected by feeling [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] feeling is when an living thing senses through touch [INFER] int2: touch can be used for detecting texture
Question: Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?
Answer: skeletal system
Hypothesis: the skeletal system protects most major organs
Supporting facts: sent1: bone cells are a part of the body sent2: organs are a smaller level of organization than organ systems in living things sent3: the brain is a part of the body sent4: organ system means body system sent5: protecting part of something helps to protect that something sent6: a limb often contains bones sent7: to protect means to defend sent8: a brain is a part of an animal sent9: the head is a part of an animal sent10: the body is a part of an animal sent11: organs are a smaller level of organization than organ systems in living things sent12: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent13: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent14: skeletal system is made of bones sent15: most major organs are internal organs sent16: system means a set of objects sent17: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent18: the body is a part of an organism sent19: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent20: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent21: bone is hard sent22: if something is required then that something must be provided sent23: covering something is a kind of protection sent24: something hard can be used for protection sent25: internal organs are a part of the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bone is hard [AND] something hard can be used for protection [INFER] int1: bone can be used for protection [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int2: the skeletal system is used to provide protection for animals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] protecting part of something helps to protect that something [INFER] int3: the skeletal system protects parts of an animal in order to protect that animal [BECAUSE] the body is a part of an animal [AND] internal organs are a part of the body [INFER] int4: internal organs are a part of an animal [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the skeletal system protects internal organs [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] most major organs are internal organs [INFER] int6: the skeletal system protects most major organs
Question: Which body system is most affected by a disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle?
Answer: skeletal
Hypothesis: the disease affects the skeletal system
Supporting facts: sent1: a limb often contains bones sent2: to be affected by something is similar to depending on something sent3: broken bones require healing sent4: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent5: if something is caused by something else , then that something can be explained by that something else sent6: muscles push / pull bones to move the bones sent7: a disease causes bones become weak and brittle sent8: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent9: strength is a kind of property sent10: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent11: if something causes something else to change, then that something affects that something else sent12: to become something is a kind of change sent13: strength is a property of an object / a material sent14: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent15: motion / movement means moving / to move sent16: system means a set of objects sent17: death means to die sent18: weakness has a negative impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent19: the head is a part of an animal sent20: skeletal system is made of bones sent21: limbs are part of an animal sent22: break down means change from a whole into pieces sent23: disease means illness sent24: decay has a negative impact on a thing sent25: organ system means body system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] to become something is a kind of change [AND] a disease causes bones become weak and brittle [INFER] int1: a disease causes bones to change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else to change, then that something affects that something else [INFER] int2: a disease affects bones [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int3: the disease affects parts of the skeletal system [BECAUSE] int3 [INFER] int4: the disease affects the skeletal system
Question: What is the main function of scales on a fish?
Answer: to protect the fish
Hypothesis: the function of the scales of fish is to protect fish
Supporting facts: sent1: protection means resistance to damage increases sent2: the ability to do means be able to do sent3: scales are used for protection by scaled animals sent4: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent5: to hurt means to harm sent6: to protect means to defend sent7: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent8: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent9: role means function sent10: controlling is a kind of function sent11: something is used for that something 's purpose sent12: covering something is a kind of protection sent13: protecting is a kind of function sent14: humans sometimes eat fish sent15: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent16: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent17: as the ability to do something decreases , doing that something will be harder sent18: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent19: avoiding predators / escaping predators / avoiding consumers is a kind of protection sent20: function is similar to purpose sent21: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent22: a fish is a kind of scaled animal sent23: purpose means role sent24: to protect means to make safe sent25: preventing something decreases the amount of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] protecting is a kind of function [AND] a fish is a kind of scaled animal [AND] scales are used for protection by scaled animals [INFER] int1: the function of the scales of fish is to protect fish
Question: Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of
Answer: mimicry.
Hypothesis: arizona mountain king snakes camouflaging themselves is an example of mimicry
Supporting facts: sent1: something dangerous can cause harm sent2: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent3: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent4: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent5: toxic means poisonous sent6: a western coral snake is poisonous sent7: a color pattern is a kind of coloration sent8: arizona mountain king snakes are not poisonous sent9: something harmful can cause harm sent10: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent11: arizona mountain king snakes have a striped color pattern sent12: a predator is a kind of animal sent13: western coral snakes have a striped color pattern sent14: a predator eats other animals for food sent15: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent16: animal instinct means instinctive behavior sent17: mimicry is used for avoiding predators by animals by camouflaging as a dangerous animal sent18: resemble means look like sent19: to hurt means to harm sent20: how something appears is how that something looks sent21: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding / camouflage sent22: to look like means to have the visual properties of sent23: phenotype of an organism means the visible traits of an organism sent24: a poisonous animal is dangerous sent25: coloration means a thing 's color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] western coral snakes have a striped color pattern [AND] a western coral snake is poisonous [INFER] int1: western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a poisonous animal is dangerous [INFER] int2: western coral snakes are dangerous animal with striped color and are poisonous [BECAUSE] arizona mountain king snakes have a striped color pattern [AND] arizona mountain king snakes are not poisonous [INFER] int3: arizona mountain king snakes have a striped color pattern and are not poisonous [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: arizona mountain king snakes have a similar color pattern to a dangerous animal [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a color pattern is a kind of coloration [INFER] int5: arizona mountain king snakes have a similar coloration to a dangerous animal [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding / camouflage [INFER] int6: arizona mountain king snakes camouflage themselves as a dangerous animal [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] mimicry is used for avoiding predators by animals by camouflaging as a dangerous animal [INFER] int7: arizona mountain king snakes camouflaging themselves is an example of mimicry
Question: Which organ directly works to protect the human body from disease?
Answer: skin
Hypothesis: skin is the organ that can protect the body from disease caused by harmful substances
Supporting facts: sent1: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent2: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent3: an organism is a living thing sent4: to protect means to make safe sent5: purpose means role sent6: disease means illness sent7: covering something is a kind of protection sent8: if an animal 's skin looks like something then that animal looks like that something sent9: the skin is the largest organ in human body sent10: skin is a kind of organ sent11: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent12: protection means resistance to damage increases sent13: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent14: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent15: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent16: harmful substances can cause disease in human sent17: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent18: skin is a kind of material sent19: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent20: to protect means to defend sent21: something is used for that something 's purpose sent22: skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals sent23: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent24: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent25: where something comes from is a source of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is a kind of organ [AND] skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances [INFER] int1: skin is the organ that protects the body from harmful substances [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] harmful substances can cause disease in human [INFER] int2: skin is the organ that can protect the body from disease caused by harmful substances
Question: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. Why is skin considered to be an organ?
Answer: It is made of tissues.
Hypothesis: skin is a kind of organ
Supporting facts: sent1: skin is made of skin tissues sent2: a living thing is made of cells sent3: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent4: a type is synonymous with a kind sent5: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent6: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent7: visible means able to be seen sent8: organs are made of different types of cellular tissues sent9: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent10: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent11: a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible sent12: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent13: different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells sent14: a multicellular organism is made of many cells sent15: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent16: can be means able to be sent17: certain is similar to specific sent18: a function is a kind of characteristic sent19: characteristic means property sent20: to be found in means to be contained in sent21: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent22: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent23: largest amount means most sent24: the parts of something make up that something sent25: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is made of skin tissues [AND] organs are made of different types of cellular tissues [INFER] int1: skin is a kind of organ
Question: Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?
Answer: carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis: carbon dioxide is produced as wasted when sugar is processed by cell respiration
Supporting facts: sent1: cell activity means cell process sent2: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent3: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent4: to emit means to release sent5: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent6: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent7: cell division is a kind of process sent8: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent9: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent10: a human cell is a kind of cell sent11: cell division often causes growth / healing sent12: in the cellular respiration / animal respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product sent13: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent14: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent15: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent16: to produce means to result in sent17: to give off means to be the source of sent18: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent19: breaking food into nutrients means preparing food for cells sent20: to digest means to break down food sent21: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent22: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent23: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent24: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent25: cell division means cell reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int1: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and sugar into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in the cellular respiration / animal respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product [INFER] int2: carbon dioxide is produced as wasted when sugar is processed by cell respiration
Question: Which function makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?
Answer: ability to convert sunlight into energy
Hypothesis: the ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy makes plant cells different from animal cells
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent2: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent3: carbohydrates contain chemical energy sent4: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent5: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent6: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent7: all cells take in energy sent8: sunshine means sunlight sent9: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent10: living things all require energy for survival sent11: light is a kind of energy sent12: animal cells cannot perform photosynthesis sent13: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent14: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent15: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent16: all cells perform cellular respiration sent17: photosynthesis stores / captures energy sent18: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent19: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent20: solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy sent21: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent22: the photosynthetic life performs photosynthesis sent23: photosynthesis is a source of energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent24: all cells require energy sent25: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animal cells cannot perform photosynthesis [AND] plant cells can perform photosynthesis [INFER] int1: the ability to perform photosynthesis makes plant cells different from animal cells [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a source of energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [AND] carbohydrates contain chemical energy [INFER] int2: photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy makes plant cells different from animal cells
Question: Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?
Answer: Both are made of cells.
Hypothesis: both the human and the apple tree are made of cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a multicellular organism is a kind of living thing sent2: composed of means made of sent3: a multicellular organism is made of many cells sent4: the cell is the most basic structural unit of life sent5: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent6: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent7: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent8: an animal is a kind of living thing sent9: both means two sent10: a human is a kind of animal sent11: cells are a part of the body sent12: similar means in common sent13: an apple tree is a kind of plant sent14: made up of means contains / made of sent15: human is similar to individual sent16: an organism is a living thing sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: human is a kind of organism sent19: a plant is a kind of living thing sent20: a human cell is a kind of cell sent21: a brain is a part of an animal sent22: life means living things sent23: nonliving things are not made of cells sent24: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent25: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of animal [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: a human is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] an apple tree is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: an apple tree is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int3: both the human and the apple tree are made of cells