ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which process causes light to bend and form a rainbow?
Answer: refraction
Hypothesis: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors
Supporting facts: sent1: forming something is a kind of change sent2: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent3: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent4: visible light is made of lights of different colors including violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red light sent5: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent6: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color sent7: light rays means light sent8: refractions of light can be used to help a person see sent9: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent10: shape is a property of an object sent11: form means kind sent12: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent13: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent14: refraction is when light bends sent15: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent16: reflection is a property of light sent17: visible light is a kind of light sent18: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent19: the ability to refract is a property of waves sent20: reflection is when light is reflected from one object / one place to another object / another place sent21: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent22: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent23: light means light energy sent24: colliding is a kind of touching sent25: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refraction is when light bends [AND] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [INFER] int1: refraction is when light bends and is split into lights of different color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light [INFER] int2: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors
Question: White light can be separated into all of its component colors by
Answer: passing the light through a prism.
Hypothesis: a prism can refract white light and split the light into all colors of visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: white light is made of all colors of visible light combined sent2: color is a property of an object / a material sent3: refraction is when light bends sent4: glass / objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent5: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent6: to reflect light means to scatter light sent7: refraction changes the length and the direction of light sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: to split means to divide sent10: magnetic separation is using a magnet to attract magnetic material from the mixture of magnetic and nonmagnetic material sent11: refraction causes something to appear / to look different sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: visible light is a kind of light sent14: a mixture of solids can be separated easily sent15: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent16: refracting sunlight / light causes sunlight / light to split into different colors sent17: a component means a part of sent18: light rays means light sent19: the ability to refract is a property of waves sent20: to pass means to transfer sent21: reflection is when light is reflected from one object / one place to another object / another place sent22: a prism refracts light sent23: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent24: refraction is a property of light sent25: a whole is formed by its parts
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refracting sunlight / light causes sunlight / light to split into different colors [AND] a prism refracts light [INFER] int1: a prism can refract light and split the light into different colors [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] white light is made of all colors of visible light combined [INFER] int2: a prism can refract white light and split the light into all colors of visible light
Question: Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible?
Answer: Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.
Hypothesis: the refraction of sunlight into all different colors forms a rainbow
Supporting facts: sent1: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent2: can means having the ability to sent3: can be means able to be sent4: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors sent5: sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow sent6: light is a kind of wave sent7: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent8: brightness means amount of light sent9: sunlight means solar energy sent10: bright means a lot of light sent11: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent12: color is a property of an object / a material sent13: visible light is a kind of light sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: both means two sent16: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: light means light energy sent19: a whole is formed by its parts sent20: rays of the sun means sunlight sent21: the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object sent22: sunshine means sunlight sent23: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent24: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent25: to be made of something means to be formed of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors [AND] sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow [INFER] int1: the refraction of sunlight into all different colors forms a rainbow
Question: What takes place as a light wave enters a denser medium?
Answer: it is refracted
Hypothesis: the light is refracted when it enters another denser medium
Supporting facts: sent1: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent2: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent3: to pass through means to move through sent4: reflection is when light is reflected from one object / one place to another object / another place sent5: different types of light have different wavelengths sent6: electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves sent7: passing through is similar to entering sent8: take place means happen sent9: a light wave enters a denser medium sent10: light rays means light sent11: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent12: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent13: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent14: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent15: light waves travel as transverse waves sent16: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent17: denser means more dense sent18: visible light is a kind of light sent19: brightness means amount of light sent20: refractions of light can be used to help a person see sent21: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent22: light means light energy sent23: reflection is a property of light sent24: refraction causes something to appear / to look different sent25: if a medium is denser , then the medium will be another medium
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a medium is denser , then the medium will be another medium [AND] a light wave enters a denser medium [INFER] int1: the light wave enters another densesr medium [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium [INFER] int2: the light is refracted when it enters another denser medium
Question: Which object refracts light?
Answer: glass prism
Hypothesis: a glass prism refracts light
Supporting facts: sent1: to reflect light means to scatter light sent2: light means light energy sent3: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent4: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent5: light is a kind of energy sent6: similar means in common sent7: material means substance sent8: a prism refracts light sent9: refraction causes something to appear / to look different sent10: refraction is a kind of process sent11: both means two sent12: to convert means to change sent13: refraction changes the length and the direction of light sent14: glass is a kind of product sent15: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent16: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent17: sight means to see sent18: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent19: including means containing sent20: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent21: visible light is a kind of light sent22: a prism is made of glass sent23: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent24: brighter means higher / greater in brightness sent25: the ability to refract is a property of waves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prism is made of glass [AND] a prism refracts light [INFER] int1: a glass prism refracts light
Question: In clear weather, a bright light can be seen for a long distance. In conditions of heavy fog, the visibility is greatly reduced. Which of the following explains the reduced visibility?
Answer: Light is scattered by water droplets in the air.
Hypothesis: water droplets in the fog scattering light decreases the visibility
Supporting facts: sent1: visible light is a kind of light sent2: sight means to see sent3: if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light sent4: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent5: clouds produce precipitation sent6: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent7: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent8: brightness means amount of light sent9: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent10: scattering light decreases visibility sent11: to reflect light means to scatter light sent12: difficulty seeing means visibility decreases sent13: light means light energy sent14: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent15: fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground sent16: air is invisible sent17: light is a kind of wave sent18: water droplets scatter light sent19: if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen sent20: clouds block sunlight from reaching the ground sent21: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent22: water vapor is invisible sent23: rain droplets are a kind of water droplets sent24: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent25: clouds / dusts block visible light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] scattering light decreases visibility [AND] water droplets scatter light [INFER] int1: water droplets scattering light decreases the visibility [BECAUSE] fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground [AND] clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets [INFER] int2: fog is made of rain droplets [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rain droplets are a kind of water droplets [INFER] int3: fog is made of water droplets [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: water droplets in the fog scattering light decreases the visibility
Question: Visible light passes through glass. Other types of electromagnetic radiation are able to pass through other materials in a similar way. Which of the following are used in medical technology because they can pass through some parts of the human body?
Answer: x-rays
Hypothesis: x-rays are used in medical technology
Supporting facts: sent1: x-rays can pass through some parts of the body sent2: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent3: waves can travel through matter sent4: doctors sometimes need an image of inside the body to diagnose sent5: doctors belong to the medical industry sent6: to pass through means to move through sent7: to pass means to travel sent8: electromagnetic wave is not a mechanical wave sent9: electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy sent10: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent11: transmitance is when a wave goes through / transmits through a surface and travels in the same direction relative to the angle of incidence sent12: to pass means to occur sent13: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent14: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent15: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent16: to pass means to transfer sent17: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent18: similar means in common sent19: the medical industry uses medical technology sent20: material means substance sent21: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent22: can means having the ability to sent23: radiation is when heat is transferred through waves / particles sent24: travel means to move sent25: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] x-rays can pass through some parts of the body [AND] doctors sometimes need an image of inside the body to diagnose [INFER] int1: x-rays can be used by the doctors to see inside of the body [BECAUSE] the medical industry uses medical technology [AND] doctors belong to the medical industry [INFER] int2: doctors use medical technology [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: x-rays are used in medical technology
Question: Sandy and Keith plan to move a 6-kilogram block. If they wanted to calculate the mechanical energy required to move the block, what units would they use to report their answer?
Answer: joules
Hypothesis: the mechanical energy used to move something by animals is measured in joules
Supporting facts: sent1: requiring something means needing that something sent2: joules j are an si unit used for measuring mechanical energy sent3: to report means to show sent4: mechanical energy is used to move something by animals sent5: recording is similar to measuring sent6: unit is similar to part sent7: information is used to describe something sent8: recording data is similar to showing data sent9: determining often requires measuring / observing sent10: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent11: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent12: calculation means measurement sent13: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent14: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring sent15: mass is a kind of information sent16: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent17: observations / data are a part of the results of an experiment sent18: calculating is similar to estimating sent19: answering questions requires information sent20: rotating is similar to moving sent21: an example of collecting data is measuring sent22: moving something is a kind of function sent23: motion / movement means moving / to move sent24: measuring is a kind of observing sent25: measuring requires reading a measurement
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] joules j are an si unit used for measuring mechanical energy [AND] mechanical energy is used to move something by animals [INFER] int1: the mechanical energy used to move something by animals is measured in joules
Question: Which is an example of kinetic energy?
Answer: a ball rolling down a hill
Hypothesis: a ball rolling is an example of kinetic energy
Supporting facts: sent1: down is a kind of direction sent2: make means produce sent3: form means kind sent4: a hill is a kind of place sent5: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent6: can be means able to be sent7: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent8: movement is a kind of change sent9: a ball is a kind of object sent10: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent11: motion / movement means moving / to move sent12: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent13: rolling down is similar to falling sent14: colliding means coming into a collision sent15: potential energy is a kind of energy sent16: mechanical energy is a kind of energy sent17: rolling is a kind of motion sent18: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent19: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent20: rotating is similar to moving sent21: move around means revolve sent22: rotate means turn sent23: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent24: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent25: to convert means to change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rolling is a kind of motion [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a ball rolling is an example of object in motion [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion [INFER] int2: a ball rolling is an example of kinetic energy
Question: In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?
Answer: potential energy
Hypothesis: the potential energy of the soccer ball will increase
Supporting facts: sent1: downward is a kind of direction sent2: high is similar to increase sent3: a ball is a kind of object sent4: a soccer ball is a kind of ball sent5: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent6: increase means more sent7: chemical energy is a kind of potential energy sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent10: increasing is a kind of order sent11: high means a lot of something sent12: as the altitude of an object increases , the potential energy of the object will increase sent13: going upwards means increasing the altitude sent14: heat is a kind of energy sent15: upward is a kind of direction sent16: potential energy means stored energy sent17: if an object is at rest at the top of an incline then that object 's mechanical energy is all potential sent18: speed up means increase sent19: rising means elevation sent20: downward means down sent21: an object exerts an upward force objects that sit on that object sent22: increase is similar to extend sent23: an example of mechanical energy is an object in motion sent24: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent25: a soccer ball is going upward after being kicked
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] going upwards means increasing the altitude [AND] a soccer ball is going upward after being kicked [INFER] int1: the altitude of the soccer ball is increasing [BECAUSE] a ball is a kind of object [AND] a soccer ball is a kind of ball [INFER] int2: a soccer ball is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] as the altitude of an object increases , the potential energy of the object will increase [INFER] int3: the potential energy of the soccer ball will increase
Question: Which of the water samples described below has the greatest average kinetic energy per molecule?
Answer: 1 liter of water at a temperature of 75C
Hypothesis: the temperature of the water is a measure of the kinetic energy of molecules
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical energy is a kind of energy sent2: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent3: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent4: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent5: heat means heat energy sent6: heat is a kind of energy sent7: heat energy can change the state of matter sent8: as the specific heat of a material decreases , the temperature of the material will increase more given the same amount of energy sent9: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent10: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent11: as an object moves faster , the kinetic energy of that object will increase sent12: as temperature increases , the speed of molecules will increase sent13: as the temperature of a substance / an object decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent14: as the kinetic energy of particles increases , the particles will move faster sent15: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent16: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent17: water is a kind of substance sent18: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent19: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent20: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent21: different substances usually have different amount of chemical energy sent22: as the heat of matter increases , the average molecular speed of the matter will increases sent23: molecules / atoms are constantly / always moving / vibrating in substance / matter sent24: cooling means temperature decreases sent25: substances are made of molecules
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] substances are made of molecules [INFER] int1: water is made of molecules [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules [INFER] int2: the temperature of the water is a measure of the kinetic energy of molecules