ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which sentence best describes the organization of the heart?
Answer: The heart is an organ made up of different types of tissues, each of which has different types of cells.
Hypothesis: a heart is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: organs are made of different types of cellular tissues sent2: heart pumps blood to the rest of the body sent3: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent4: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent5: a kind of something is an example of that something sent6: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent7: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent8: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent9: a part of something is present in that something sent10: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent11: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent12: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent13: cell division often causes growth / healing sent14: composed of means made of sent15: to be found in means to be contained in sent16: a multicellular organism is made of many cells sent17: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent18: structure is a property of an object / a material / a substance sent19: certain is similar to specific sent20: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent21: different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells sent22: a heart is a kind of organ sent23: to be made of means to consist of sent24: made up of means contains / made of sent25: a type is synonymous with a kind
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] organs are made of different types of cellular tissues [AND] different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells [INFER] int1: an organ is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a heart is a kind of organ [INFER] int2: a heart is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells
Question: When a thin slice from an onion is viewed through a microscope, lots of little box-like shapes are seen. These shapes are most likely
Answer: cells.
Hypothesis: the objects seen under the microscope are onion cells
Supporting facts: sent1: cancerous cells are formed by abnormal cell division sent2: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent3: a lots of box-like objects are seen under a microscope on a slice of onion sent4: thickness is a property of an object and includes ordered values of thin / thick sent5: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent6: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent7: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent8: a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible sent9: a vegetable is a kind of plant sent10: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent11: a fungus is a kind of living thing sent12: the texture of an object can sometimes be told by looking at the object sent13: cell division often causes growth / healing sent14: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent15: shape is a property of the appearance of an object sent16: as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen / be observed more easily / better sent17: the shape of an object can be discovered through feeling that object / touching that object sent18: shape is a kind of physical property sent19: shape is a kind of characteristic sent20: fungi are sometimes single-celled organisms sent21: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent22: a plant is made of plant cells sent23: an onion is a kind of vegetable sent24: fungi can be multicellular sent25: cell division means cell reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an onion is a kind of vegetable [AND] a vegetable is a kind of plant [INFER] int1: an onion is a kind of plant [BECAUSE] a plant cell is box-like in shape [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int2: a plant is made of box-like plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an onion is made of box-like onion cells [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a lots of box-like objects are seen under a microscope on a slice of onion [INFER] int4: the objects seen under the microscope are onion cells
Question: Which of these organisms has cells with cell walls?
Answer: A pine tree
Hypothesis: a pine tree is the organism that is made of cells with cell wall
Supporting facts: sent1: a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane sent2: a tree is a kind of plant sent3: cell activity means cell process sent4: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent5: an oak is a kind of tree sent6: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent7: a pine tree is a kind of tree sent8: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent9: a plant is made of plant cells sent10: an organism is a living thing sent11: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent12: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent13: protecting is a kind of function sent14: a plant is a member of a plant species sent15: cell division means cell reproduction sent16: the cell wall causes the plant cell to be more rigid than the animal cell sent17: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent18: to contain means to have inside sent19: cell division often causes growth / healing sent20: biotic means living sent21: a plant is a kind of organism sent22: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent23: vegetation means plants sent24: to be found in means to be contained in sent25: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int1: plant cells have cell wall to support and protect the cell membrane [BECAUSE] a tree is a kind of plant [AND] a pine tree is a kind of tree [INFER] int2: a pine tree is a kind of plant [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int3: a pine tree is a kind of organism that is made of plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a pine tree is the organism that is made of cells with cell wall
Question: With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?
Answer: a plant cell
Hypothesis: a cell nucleus, chloroplast and a cell wall are part of a plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent2: observations / data are a part of the results of an experiment sent3: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent4: to observe means to gather information sent5: a plant is a member of a plant species sent6: vegetation means plants sent7: studying something usually requires seeing that something sent8: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent9: contains means located in sent10: a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane sent11: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent12: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent13: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent14: chloroplast is a part of a plant cell sent15: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent16: a cell is very small sent17: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent18: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent19: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent20: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent21: look at means observe sent22: the nucleus is the core / center of an atom sent23: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent24: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent25: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant cell is a kind of cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: a cell nucleus is a part of a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane [AND] chloroplast is a part of a plant cell [INFER] int2: a cell nucleus, chloroplast and a cell wall are part of a plant cell
Question: Which food items can be broken down mostly into amino acids?
Answer: hamburger patties
Hypothesis: a hamburger patty can be broken down into amino acids
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food sent2: to digest means to break down food sent3: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent4: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent5: meat means dead animal for eating sent6: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body sent7: a hamburger patty is a kind of meat sent8: to break down means to break into smaller pieces sent9: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent10: less means a reduced amount sent11: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent12: breaking an object into pieces changes the shape of the object sent13: a piece is a part of a whole sent14: meat is made of amino acids sent15: a part of / piece of an object is smaller in size than the entire object / whole object sent16: the parts of something make up that something sent17: shape of the parts of something is a property of that something sent18: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent19: sorting is similar to classifying sent20: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent21: mostly means being the most sent22: the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the digestive system sent23: a component of something means a part of that something sent24: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent25: the number of parts of something is a property of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] meat is made of amino acids [AND] if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [INFER] int1: meat can be broken down into amino acids [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a hamburger patty is a kind of meat [INFER] int2: a hamburger patty can be broken down into amino acids
Question: Which biological process in mammals occurs largely due to cell division?
Answer: healing
Hypothesis: cell division often causes the biological process of healing
Supporting facts: sent1: mostly means being the most sent2: cells are a part of the body sent3: healing is a kind of biological process sent4: biological means of biology sent5: cell division often causes growth / healing sent6: a cell is very small sent7: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent8: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent9: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent10: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent11: an organism is a living thing sent12: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent13: the body is a part of an organism sent14: to repair means to heal sent15: cell activity means cell process sent16: the cells of multicellular organisms can specialize sent17: life means living things sent18: a human cell is a kind of cell sent19: cell division means cell reproduction sent20: an animal is a member of an animal species sent21: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent22: to produce means to result in sent23: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent24: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent25: to cause means to result in
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] healing is a kind of biological process [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int1: cell division often causes the biological process of healing
Question: Multicellular organisms grow in size by producing more
Answer: cells.
Hypothesis: cell division causes growth in size by producing more cells for multicellular organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division is a kind of process sent2: adult organisms have more cells than baby organisms sent3: forming is similar to growing sent4: cell division means cell reproduction sent5: cell division often causes growth / healing sent6: to produce means to create sent7: increase means more sent8: producing is a kind of function sent9: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent10: growth is a kind of process sent11: cells are a part of the body sent12: to add means to increase sent13: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent14: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent15: growing is a kind of activity sent16: an organism is a living thing sent17: living things perform biological processes sent18: the cell cycle is when a cell forms new cells sent19: growing is a kind of process sent20: expand means increase in size sent21: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent22: developing means growing sent23: cell activity means cell process sent24: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent25: growth means size / number / value / strength increases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] growth means size / number / value / strength increases [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int1: cell division causes growth in size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms [INFER] int2: cell division causes growth in size by producing more cells for multicellular organisms
Question: Toni got a cut on her arm while playing in a softball game. A few weeks later, the cut was healed. Which process is most responsible for repairing the cut?
Answer: reproduction of skin cells
Hypothesis: the reproduction of skin cells can heal the cut on the skin tissue
Supporting facts: sent1: the body is a part of an organism sent2: cell division is a kind of way for cells to reproduce sent3: cells are a part of the body sent4: there is a cut on the skin tissue sent5: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent6: cells copy dna sent7: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent8: skin is a part of an animal / plant sent9: an organism is a living thing sent10: bone cells are a part of the body sent11: an animal cell is a kind of cell sent12: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent13: a wrist is a part of the body sent14: cancerous cells are formed by abnormal cell division sent15: cell activity means cell process sent16: different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells sent17: cell division often causes growth / healing sent18: to repair means to fix damage sent19: cancer is a kind of abnormal cell division sent20: to repair means to heal sent21: a body cell means a somatic cell sent22: skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals sent23: the cells of multicellular organisms can specialize sent24: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent25: cell division increases the number of cells in the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cell division often causes growth / healing [AND] there is a cut on the skin tissue [INFER] int1: cell division can heal the cut on the skin tissue [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division is a kind of way for cells to reproduce [INFER] int2: the reproduction of skin cells can heal the cut on the skin tissue
Question: A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?
Answer: Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.
Hypothesis: the cell division of eukaryotic cells is slower than the cell division of prokaryotic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: more quickly is similar to increased rate sent2: eukaryotic cells are more complex in cell structures than prokaryotic cells sent3: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent4: less means a reduced amount sent5: organizing is sorting things in order by their properties sent6: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent7: how many means what number sent8: to split means to divide sent9: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent10: faster means increased rate sent11: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent12: quickly means in a short period of time sent13: rapidly is similar to fast sent14: motion / movement means moving / to move sent15: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent16: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent17: to reduce means to decrease sent18: best means most positive sent19: cell activity means cell process sent20: as the structural complexity of a cell increases , the speed of the cell dividing into more cells decreases sent21: instantaneously means short in time sent22: rapidly means quickly sent23: if a step follows another step , then that step will be the next step sent24: speed up means increase sent25: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eukaryotic cells are more complex in cell structures than prokaryotic cells [AND] as the structural complexity of a cell increases , the speed of the cell dividing into more cells decreases [INFER] int1: the cell division of eukaryotic cells is slower than the cell division of prokaryotic cells
Question: Which is true about reproduction for both an amoeba and a paramecium?
Answer: A paramecium can conjugate, but an amoeba cannot.
Hypothesis: a paramecium can conjugate but an amoeba cannot conjugate
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause means to have an effect sent2: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent3: similar means in common sent4: conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction sent5: existence is similar to living sent6: a can is a kind of object sent7: cannot means not be able to sent8: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent9: amoebas reproduce asexually through fission sent10: in common is similar to the same sent11: where something comes from is a source of that something sent12: can be means able to be sent13: an organism is a living thing sent14: to cause means to result in sent15: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent16: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent17: both means two sent18: an object / material / substance comes from that object or material 's source sent19: to happen means to occur sent20: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent21: to produce means to result in sent22: paramecia will conjugate to increase genetic variation under harsh environment sent23: reproduction is a stage in the life cycle process sent24: can means having the ability to sent25: living things perform biological processes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] paramecia will conjugate to increase genetic variation under harsh environment [AND] conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction [INFER] int1: a paramecium can conjugate [BECAUSE] conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction [AND] amoebas reproduce asexually through fission [INFER] int2: an amoeba cannot conjugate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a paramecium can conjugate but an amoeba cannot conjugate
Question: Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation
Answer: results in two genetically identical cells.
Hypothesis: the difference between the conjugation in paramecia and sexual reproduction in volvox is conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form and sexual reproduction causes two different cells to form
Supporting facts: sent1: some cells in a volvox colony are specialized for reproduction sent2: characteristic means property sent3: the parent cell is the original cell sent4: if something is copied then that something will be the same / similar / identical sent5: sexual reproduction in animals is when egg / sperm join together sent6: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent7: a result of something is evidence of that something sent8: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent9: living things perform biological processes sent10: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent11: a paramecium can conjugate sent12: cell division is a kind of process sent13: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent14: reproduction ensures the continuation of a plant or animal species sent15: sexual reproduction in volvox causes different cells to form sent16: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent17: identical means copy sent18: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent19: both means two sent20: cells are a part of the body sent21: to produce means to result in sent22: another means different sent23: conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form sent24: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent25: cell division means cell reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a paramecium can conjugate [AND] conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form [INFER] int1: a paramecium conjugating causes two genetically identical cells to form [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sexual reproduction in volvox causes different cells to form [INFER] int2: the difference between the conjugation in paramecia and sexual reproduction in volvox is conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form and sexual reproduction causes two different cells to form