ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which two objects produce their own light?
Answer: sun and candle
Hypothesis: both candles and stars produce light
Supporting facts: sent1: both means two sent2: to illuminate means to light up sent3: a star produces light and heat sent4: emit means produce sent5: rays of the sun means sunlight sent6: fire gives off light / heat / smoke sent7: visible light is a kind of light sent8: light means light energy sent9: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent10: the sun transfers solar energy / light energy / heat energy from itself to the planets / earth through sunlight sent11: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent12: to shine means to emit light sent13: something is used for that something 's purpose sent14: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent15: light rays means light sent16: nuclear reactions in stars causes stars to produce light / energy / nuclear energy sent17: lighting a candle causes that candle to burn sent18: a candle is a source of light when it is burned sent19: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent20: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent21: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent22: brighter means higher / greater in brightness sent23: to give off means to be the source of sent24: where something comes from is a source of that something sent25: a flame are a part of a fire
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [AND] a candle is a source of light when it is burned [INFER] int1: a candle produces light when it is burned [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a star produces light and heat [INFER] int2: both candles and stars produce light
Question: The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?
Answer: plasma
Hypothesis: plasma is the state of matter that is formed by high temperature pulling electrons away from atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: nucleus is surrounded by almost empty space in an atom sent2: electrons are located on the orbitals in an atom sent3: plasma is formed by electrons separating from atoms in stars sent4: a hot substance is a source of heat sent5: colliding is a kind of touching sent6: physical state means state of matter sent7: the structure of an atom is made of a massive nucleus surrounded by electrons sent8: state of matter means physical state sent9: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent10: state means form sent11: electrons are found farthest from the center of the atom sent12: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent13: plasma is a kind of state of matter sent14: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent15: state of matter is a kind of physical property sent16: high means a lot of something sent17: the location of an electron is determined by the attraction of the nucleus sent18: moving away from the source increases the distance sent19: if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change sent20: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent21: atom is the basic unit of matter sent22: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent23: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent24: electrons are pulled away from atoms in a star by high temeprature sent25: a star is made of gases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electrons are pulled away from atoms in a star by high temeprature [AND] plasma is formed by electrons separating from atoms in stars [INFER] int1: plasma will be formed by high temperature pulling electrons away from atoms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] plasma is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: plasma is the state of matter that is formed by high temperature pulling electrons away from atoms
Question: Which statement about the Sun is true?
Answer: The Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Hypothesis: the sun is an medium sized star located near the edge of the milky way galaxy
Supporting facts: sent1: nearby is similar to near sent2: our sun is located at the center of our solar system sent3: observe means see sent4: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent5: the sun is located near the edge of the milky way galaxy sent6: quasars are located in galaxies sent7: near means close sent8: a medium carries something to someplace sent9: made up of means contains / made of sent10: stars are located light years apart from each other sent11: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy sent12: if an object is close then that object will appear large sent13: average is similar to medium sent14: look at means observe sent15: the sun is not a star in the night sky sent16: a galaxy is made of a group of objects in space sent17: the milky way is a kind of spiral galaxy sent18: a galaxy is a kind of very large system of stars sent19: the sun is average in temperature for a star in our galaxy sent20: the milky way galaxy appears as a glowing band across the night sky sent21: a galaxy contains dusts / stars / planets sent22: celestial bodies move in orbits in space around other celestial bodies sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: the sun has average brightness compared to other stars sent25: a galaxy is a kind of structure
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy [AND] the sun is located near the edge of the milky way galaxy [INFER] int1: the sun is an average sized star located near the edge of the milky way galaxy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] average is similar to medium [INFER] int2: the sun is an medium sized star located near the edge of the milky way galaxy
Question: A star is a large astronomical body that
Answer: emits light.
Hypothesis: a star is an astronomical body that emits light through nuclear reactions
Supporting facts: sent1: brighter means higher / greater in brightness sent2: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent3: astronomical is similar to celestial sent4: stellar means related to stars sent5: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent6: where something comes from is a source of that something sent7: a star is a source of light / light energy through nuclear reactions sent8: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent9: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent10: emit means send out sent11: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent12: celestial bodies / celestial objects are found in space sent13: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent14: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent15: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent16: bright means a lot of light sent17: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent18: nuclear reactions in stars causes stars to produce light / energy / nuclear energy sent19: a celestial body is any identifiable object in space sent20: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent21: a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body sent22: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent23: to emit means to release sent24: celestial bodies move in orbits in space around other celestial bodies sent25: light means light energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [AND] a star is a source of light / light energy through nuclear reactions [INFER] int1: a star emits light through nuclear reactions [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [INFER] int2: a star is a celestial body that emits light through nuclear reactions [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] astronomical is similar to celestial [INFER] int3: a star is an astronomical body that emits light through nuclear reactions
Question: Which of the following processes is an important part of star formation?
Answer: nuclear fusion
Hypothesis: nuclear fusion is important to star formation
Supporting facts: sent1: to generate means to form sent2: nuclear energy is a kind of energy sent3: to cause means to be responsible for sent4: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent5: nuclear fusion causes star formation sent6: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent7: nuclear fusion is a source of energy sent8: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent9: part means role sent10: a star produces light and heat sent11: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent12: a star requires energy sent13: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent14: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent15: stars change type during their life cycles sent16: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent17: stellar formation is a kind of topic sent18: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent19: the formation of something is a kind of process sent20: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent21: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent22: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent23: if something gains something from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent24: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent25: to be formed by is to be the result of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something causes a process then that something is required for that process [AND] the formation of something is a kind of process [AND] nuclear fusion causes star formation [INFER] int1: nuclear fusion is required for star formation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something [INFER] int2: nuclear fusion is important to star formation
Question: Which of these stars is most similar to the Sun?
Answer: the main sequence star Alpha Mensae
Hypothesis: the sun and alpha mensae are both main sequence star
Supporting facts: sent1: the life cycle of a mid-sized star is a sequential process, with stages of birth, main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf sent2: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike sent3: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent4: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent5: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent6: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent7: similar means in common sent8: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent9: the sun has average brightness compared to other stars sent10: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent11: the sun is made of hydrogen and helium sent12: red giant stars are cooler in temperature than main sequence stars sent13: similarity means the same property sent14: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy sent15: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent16: alpha mensae is a kind of main sequence star sent17: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent18: stars are located light years apart from each other sent19: stars generally have the same chemical composition sent20: red-dwarf stars are cooler than yellow-dwaf stars sent21: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent22: a yellow dwarf is a kind of main sequence star sent23: a star is very hot in temperature sent24: red giant stars are greater in volume than main sequence stars sent25: red giant stars burn at a cooler temperature than main sequence stars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a yellow dwarf is a kind of main sequence star [AND] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [INFER] int1: the sun is a kind of main sequence star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] alpha mensae is a kind of main sequence star [INFER] int2: the sun and alpha mensae are both main sequence star
Question: Compared to the Sun, a red star most likely has a greater
Answer: volume.
Hypothesis: red giant stars are greater in volume than the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: a star usually is larger than a planet sent2: variability of shape / variability of volume is a kind of physical property sent3: the life cycle of a mid-sized star is a sequential process, with stages of birth, main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf sent4: red-dwarf stars are cooler than yellow-dwaf stars sent5: red giant stars are greater in volume than main sequence stars sent6: if something has a definite volume , then its volume will not change when transferred into a different container sent7: a red giant is a stage in the life cycle process of stars sent8: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent9: main-sequence stars are generally yellow in color sent10: red giant stars burn at a cooler temperature than main sequence stars sent11: red giant stars are cooler in temperature than main sequence stars sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: quasars contain massive black holes at their centers sent14: variability of shape / variability of volume is a property of matter and includes values of variable / definite sent15: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent16: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent17: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent18: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent19: red dwarf stars are cooler in temperature than yellow dwarf stars sent20: a yellow dwarf is a kind of main-sequence star sent21: volume is similar to amount sent22: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy sent23: brighter means higher / greater in brightness sent24: if two substances have the same volume , then the substance with less density will have less mass sent25: a star 's mass determines the star 's type
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [AND] a yellow dwarf is a kind of main-sequence star [INFER] int1: the sun is a kind of main-sequence star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] red giant stars are greater in volume than main sequence stars [INFER] int2: red giant stars are greater in volume than the sun
Question: Most stars are similar to each other in
Answer: composition.
Hypothesis: stars generally have the same chemical composition of hydrogen and helium
Supporting facts: sent1: similar means in common sent2: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent3: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent4: each is similar to individual sent5: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent6: if two objects are made of similar materials then one of those objects may be formed from material from the other object sent7: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent8: if a solution is formed , then the components of the solution are similar throughout sent9: stars generally have the same chemical composition sent10: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike sent11: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent12: composed of means made of sent13: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent14: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent15: substances are made of elements sent16: stellar means related to stars sent17: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent18: composition is a kind of information sent19: in common is similar to the same sent20: composition means the (materials, substances) of which something is composed sent21: stars change type during their life cycles sent22: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent23: different types of matter have different chemical properties sent24: stars are mostly made of hydrogen and helium sent25: if two objects are composed of similar materials then those objects may have come from the same source
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] stars are mostly made of hydrogen and helium [AND] stars generally have the same chemical composition [INFER] int1: stars generally have the same chemical composition of hydrogen and helium
Question: What is the most common element in a star such as the Sun?
Answer: hydrogen
Hypothesis: hydrogen is the most common element in the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: an element is identified by its number of protons sent2: to be in the sun means to be in the sunlight sent3: a proton is a part of an atom / an element sent4: an element is a kind of substance sent5: less is the opposite of more sent6: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent7: to be found in means to be contained in sent8: hydrogen is the most common element in stars sent9: an object is made of its parts sent10: if a star runs out of hydrogen , it becomes hotter / more luminous sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: including means containing sent13: made up of means contains / made of sent14: where something comes from is a source of that something sent15: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent16: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent17: composed of means made of sent18: if a substance is made of one element , then the substance is called an element sent19: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent20: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent23: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent24: the sun is a kind of star sent25: nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of star [AND] hydrogen is the most common element in stars [INFER] int1: hydrogen is the most common element in the sun
Question: What is the process that produces energy in the Sun for billions of years?
Answer: fusion
Hypothesis: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: nuclear energy is a kind of energy sent2: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent3: made up of means contains / made of sent4: years are a kind of unit for measuring time sent5: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent6: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent7: nuclear fusion is a kind of process sent8: the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight sent9: a billion is a kind of number sent10: to happen means to occur sent11: to give off means to be the source of sent12: to generate means to form sent13: approximately means about sent14: to produce means to result in sent15: a revolution occurs when something revolves around something else sent16: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent17: the sun is a kind of star sent18: producing is similar to causing sent19: to produce means to create sent20: the solar system is a kind of system sent21: nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine sent22: make means produce sent23: to be formed by is to be the result of sent24: the sun transfers solar energy / light energy / heat energy from itself to the planets / earth through sunlight sent25: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine [AND] nuclear fusion is a kind of process [INFER] int1: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the sun is a kind of star [INFER] int2: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the sun
Question: During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?
Answer: star
Hypothesis: stars will change in temperature, color, and brightness during their life cycles
Supporting facts: sent1: period is similar to amount of time sent2: a star is very hot in temperature sent3: a star is made of gases sent4: brightness means amount of light sent5: nuclear reactions in stars causes stars to produce light / energy / nuclear energy sent6: phase means state sent7: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent8: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent9: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent10: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent11: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent12: stars can be classified by temperature, color, and brightness sent13: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent14: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent15: to change means to cause a change sent16: characteristic means property sent17: if a value decreases then that value may become / may reach zero / 0 sent18: if something used to be in the past then that something has changed sent19: a type is synonymous with a kind sent20: stars change type during their life cycles sent21: stars generally have the same chemical composition sent22: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent23: variability of shape / variability of volume is a property of matter and includes values of variable / definite sent24: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent25: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [AND] stars can be classified by temperature, color, and brightness [INFER] int1: stars with different temperature, color, brightness will be classified into different types [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] stars change type during their life cycles [INFER] int2: stars will change in temperature, color, and brightness during their life cycles