ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which is the best explanation for how air masses move across the United States?
Answer: The prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the United States but may be deflected by the jet stream.
Hypothesis: the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east accross the united states but may be deflected by the jet streams
Supporting facts: sent1: prevailing westerlies are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude sent2: colliding means coming into a collision sent3: flight is similar to a movement in the air made by an airplane sent4: disrupting is similar to having a negative impact sent5: rotation is a kind of motion sent6: the earth rotates on its tilted axis sent7: air mass means a volume of air sent8: motion / movement means moving / to move sent9: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent10: travel means to move sent11: flying is a kind of motion through air / space sent12: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent13: wind can make air masses to move in the same direction sent14: a plane travels through the atmosphere sent15: moving is similar to travelling sent16: upward is a kind of direction sent17: jet streams may deflect the air masses moved by the prevailing westerlies sent18: jet stream means air current sent19: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent20: rotate means turn sent21: united states are located in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude sent22: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent23: wind means moving air sent24: colliding is a kind of touching sent25: north / northward is a kind of direction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] prevailing westerlies are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude [AND] united states are located in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude [INFER] int1: prevailing westerlies are prevailing winds that move from west to east across the united states [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wind can make air masses to move in the same direction [INFER] int2: the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] jet streams may deflect the air masses moved by the prevailing westerlies [INFER] int3: the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east accross the united states but may be deflected by the jet streams
Question: What most likely happens when a cold air mass comes into contact with a warm, moist air mass?
Answer: Rain or snow begins to fall.
Hypothesis: cold fronts will cause rain / snow as they pass by
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature drop means cooling sent2: temperature drop means become colder sent3: ice is cold in temperature sent4: a warm front causes cloudy and rainy weather sent5: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent6: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent7: winter has cold temperatures / weather sent8: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent9: sleet is when raindrops freeze as they fall sent10: an air mass has similar temperature and moisture throughout it sent11: rainfall means the amount of precipitation sent12: fall / autumn has moderate temperatures / weather sent13: a thunderstorm is a kind of storm sent14: rain is a kind of precipitation sent15: as the amount of water in air condensing into clouds decreases , the amount of precipitation will decrease sent16: cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by sent17: rainfall means precipitation sent18: temperature drop means temperature decrease sent19: fall means autumn sent20: cold air is usually high in air pressure sent21: as air pressure decreases , the chance of rain will increase sent22: snow is a kind of precipitation sent23: snow falls during the winter in some environments sent24: a storm is a source of precipitation sent25: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rain is a kind of precipitation [AND] snow is a kind of precipitation [AND] a storm is a source of precipitation [INFER] int1: a storm is a source of rain / snow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a thunderstorm is a kind of storm [INFER] int2: a thunderstorm is a source of rain / snow [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by [INFER] int3: cold fronts will cause rain / snow as they pass by
Question: What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?
Answer: rainfall
Hypothesis: the warm and humid air mass over the ocean can cause rainfall
Supporting facts: sent1: the atmosphere is similar to the sky sent2: clouds block sunlight from reaching the ground sent3: as air pressure decreases , the chance of rain will increase sent4: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent5: grey clouds are a source of precipitation sent6: the air mass over the ocean is warm sent7: lack of moisture in the air causes low amounts of rainfall sent8: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent9: rainy means often raining sent10: thunderstorms are a source of rainfall sent11: a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures sent12: clouds reflect solar energy back to space sent13: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent14: unstable air mass can cause a thunderstorm sent15: amount of sunlight causes changing weather patterns sent16: the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture sent17: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent18: solar energy causes the weather patterns sent19: humidity is a property of weather and include ordered values of dry / humid sent20: oceans regulate the temperature of nearby land sent21: a cloudy day has little sunlight sent22: grey clouds appear before precipitation sent23: warm and humid air masses are usually unstable sent24: surface sediments can absorb some rain sent25: clouds are usually found in the sky
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture [AND] the air mass over the ocean is warm [INFER] int1: the air mass over the ocean is warm and humid [BECAUSE] unstable air mass can cause a thunderstorm [AND] warm and humid air masses are usually unstable [INFER] int2: warm and humid air masses can cause thunderstorms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the warm and humid air mass over the ocean can cause thunderstorms [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] thunderstorms are a source of rainfall [INFER] int4: the warm and humid air mass over the ocean can cause rainfall
Question: What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?
Answer: mountains
Hypothesis: mountain is the geographic obstacle that can cause the water in the air mass to condense
Supporting facts: sent1: elevation is a measure of the height above the sea level sent2: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent3: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent4: moisture means liquid / liquid water sent5: a mountain is a kind of land feature sent6: a landform is a kind of place sent7: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent8: motion / movement means moving / to move sent9: mountains can cause the water in the air mass to condense sent10: land is a kind of landform sent11: an air mass has similar temperature and moisture throughout it sent12: condensing is when gasses are cooled below their boiling point sent13: the himalayas are a kind of mountain range sent14: mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object sent15: mountain is a kind of geographic obstacles sent16: earth contains water / ice / (steam, water vapor) sent17: contains means located in sent18: place means area sent19: wind means moving air sent20: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent21: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent22: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent23: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent24: the atmosphere is a kind of area sent25: dew is formed when water vapor condenses / cools over night
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mountain is a kind of geographic obstacles [AND] mountains can cause the water in the air mass to condense [INFER] int1: mountain is the geographic obstacle that can cause the water in the air mass to condense
Question: How do moose use a learned behavior to protect themselves?
Answer: They roll in a pool of muddy water to avoid fly bites.
Hypothesis: a moose rolling in mud to avoid fly bites is a kind of learned behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: a trick is a learned behavior sent2: covering something is a kind of protection sent3: using tools is a learned characteristic sent4: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent5: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent6: ability is a kind of characteristic sent7: protecting is a kind of function sent8: a learned characteristic is a kind of acquired characteristic sent9: rolling in mud is a learned behavior sent10: a body of water contains water sent11: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent12: to protect means to defend sent13: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent14: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent15: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent16: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent17: most animals avoid bad odors sent18: protection means resistance to damage increases sent19: a fly is a kind of insect sent20: to protect means to make safe sent21: rolling in mud can be used to avoid insect bites by an animal sent22: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent23: a moose is a kind of animal sent24: an aquatic animal is a kind of animal sent25: chemical splashing can cause harm to humans / to the eyes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fly is a kind of insect [AND] rolling in mud can be used to avoid insect bites by an animal [AND] a moose is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: rolling in mud can be used to avoid fly bites by a moose [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rolling in mud is a learned behavior [INFER] int2: a moose rolling in mud to avoid fly bites is a kind of learned behavior
Question: The weather forecast says a heavy snowstorm is coming later today. Which weather observation is likely just before the snow?
Answer: thick grey clouds
Hypothesis: grey clouds can be a source of snow
Supporting facts: sent1: weather is a measure of the condition of the air in a place at a certain time sent2: snow is cold sent3: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent4: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent5: snow is a kind of precipitation sent6: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent7: as the amount of water in air condensing into clouds decreases , the amount of precipitation will decrease sent8: winter has cold temperatures / weather sent9: clouds block sunlight from reaching the ground sent10: clouds / dusts block visible light sent11: lack of moisture in the air causes low amounts of rainfall sent12: water is in the solid state , called ice , for temperatures between 0 / -459 / -273 and 273 / 32 / 0 k / f / c sent13: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent14: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent15: front is a property of weather and includes unordered values of warm front / cold front / stationary front / occluded front sent16: water vapor condensing in clouds causes rain sent17: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent18: preparing for a storm requires predicting the occurrence of that storm sent19: snow is a covering found on the surface of an arctic environment sent20: grey clouds are a source of precipitation sent21: rainfall means precipitation sent22: weather forecast means weather prediction sent23: a cloudy day has little sunlight sent24: condensation causes clouds to form sent25: a weather report describes weather
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] grey clouds are a source of precipitation [AND] snow is a kind of precipitation [INFER] int1: grey clouds can be a source of snow
Question: Which process must occur for clouds to form?
Answer: condensation
Hypothesis: condensation is required for clouds to form
Supporting facts: sent1: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent2: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent3: to make means to form sent4: to make possible means to be required sent5: quickly means in a short period of time sent6: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent7: if an event occurs by adding something then that event requires that something sent8: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent9: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent10: when an nebula collapses , particles condense sent11: to cause the formation of means to form sent12: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent13: if a condition is necessary for a process , then that condition make the process possible sent14: to be formed by is to be the result of sent15: to cause means to result in sent16: to be required means to be necessary sent17: to happen means to occur sent18: to cause means to have an effect sent19: condensation causes clouds to form sent20: air is a kind of gas sent21: if something is required then that something must be provided sent22: a process usually requires all of the stages in that process sent23: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent24: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent25: clouds are usually found in the sky
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something causes a process then that something is required for that process [AND] condensation causes clouds to form [INFER] int1: condensation is required for clouds to form
Question: Which gas, when condensed into its liquid state in the atmosphere, forms clouds?
Answer: water vapor
Hypothesis: the condensation of water vapor causes cloud to form
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent2: condensing is when gasses are cooled below their boiling point sent3: phase means state sent4: state means form sent5: in the water cycle , condensation always follows evaporation sent6: air is a kind of gas sent7: clouds produce precipitation sent8: clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing sent9: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent10: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense sent11: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent12: beads of water are formed by water vapor condensing sent13: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent14: vapor is synonymous with gas sent15: denser liquids / particles in liquids / materials settle below liquids or particles in liquids / materials that are less dense sent16: clouds are usually found in the sky sent17: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent18: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent19: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent20: atmosphere means air sent21: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent22: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent23: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent24: water droplets scatter light sent25: water vapor is a kind of gas
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water vapor is a kind of gas [AND] clouds are formed by water vapor rising into colder regions of the atmosphere and condensing [INFER] int1: the condensation of water vapor causes cloud to form
Question: When water evaporates from Earth's surface into the atmosphere, its molecules enter the gas state. What change in this gas causes molecules to condense into the small water droplets that form clouds?
Answer: The temperature is reduced.
Hypothesis: decreased temperature will cause water vapor to condense to water droplets
Supporting facts: sent1: the atmosphere of a planet holds heat sent2: if the energy in the object is transferred to the surrounding air , then the temperature of the object will decrease sent3: water vapor is water in gas state sent4: vapor is synonymous with gas sent5: absorbing something from the air decreases the amount of that something in the air sent6: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent7: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent8: condensing is when gasses are cooled below their boiling point sent9: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent10: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent11: heat energy can change the state of matter sent12: cooling means temperature decreases sent13: condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent14: water droplets are water in liquid state sent15: air is a kind of gas sent16: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent17: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent18: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent19: as the amount of solar energy decreases on earth , the temperature on earth will decrease sent20: as the temperature of a substance / an object decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent21: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent22: water vapor / steam cooling causes that water vapor / steam to condense sent23: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent24: temperature drop means cooling sent25: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] temperature is a measure of heat energy [AND] condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int1: decreased temperature will cause a substance to condense from a gas to a liquid [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water droplets are water in liquid state [AND] water vapor is water in gas state [INFER] int2: decreased temperature will cause water vapor to condense to water droplets
Question: Which two observations are both used to describe weather?
Answer: temperature and sky conditions
Hypothesis: sky and temperature are used to describe weather
Supporting facts: sent1: worldwide temperature means atmospheric temperature sent2: front is a property of weather and includes unordered values of warm front / cold front / stationary front / occluded front sent3: scientists make observations sent4: sky conditions are a property of weather sent5: the atmosphere is similar to the sky sent6: observations / data are a part of the results of an experiment sent7: property is similar to measurement sent8: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent9: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent10: contains means located in sent11: getting information sometimes requires observing / observation sent12: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent13: a measurement is a kind of data sent14: temperature is a property of weather sent15: observe means see sent16: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent17: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent18: data means information sent19: including means containing sent20: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent21: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent22: both means two sent23: the temperature / ph of a body of water has an impact on the health of a body of water sent24: something is used for that something 's purpose sent25: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] temperature is a property of weather [AND] sky conditions are a property of weather [AND] the properties of something are used for describing that something [INFER] int1: sky and temperature are used to describe weather
Question: What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?
Answer: the Sun
Hypothesis: the sun causes the weather patterns
Supporting facts: sent1: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent2: when sunlight strikes something , that something receives sunlight sent3: the sun rising and setting causes cycles of day and night sent4: sunshine means sunlight sent5: where something comes from is a source of that something sent6: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent7: sky conditions are a property of weather sent8: if an object / a substance / a location absorbs solar energy then that object / that substance will increase in temperature sent9: sunlight means solar energy sent10: the intensity of sunlight is a kind of seasonal weather pattern sent11: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent12: sunlight is a kind of light sent13: heat has a great / big impact on weather sent14: sunlight produces heat sent15: solar power means solar energy sent16: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent17: using solar energy decreases pollution sent18: solar energy is a kind of heat energy sent19: temperature is a property of weather sent20: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent21: solar radiation means solar energy sent22: the sun transmits light to earth through space sent23: the solar system is a kind of system sent24: solar energy causes the weather patterns sent25: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] solar energy causes the weather patterns [AND] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int1: the sun causes the weather patterns