ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?
Answer: a flashlight
Hypothesis: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Supporting facts: sent1: battery-powered is similar to battery-operated sent2: operating electrical appliances requires electricity sent3: powering an electrical device with a battery requires a path for electricity to flow through a closed circuit sent4: a device requires energy to operate sent5: battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device sent6: electrical current means electrical energy sent7: electricity means electrical energy sent8: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent9: a flashlight is a kind of electrical device sent10: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent11: a light bulb is used for seeing in the dark sent12: a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device sent13: batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy sent14: a battery-operated device is a kind of electrical device sent15: a light bulb requires electrical energy to produce light sent16: an electrical device requires electricity to turn on sent17: light means light energy sent18: a battery is a kind of object sent19: a flashlight emits light sent20: a battery is a kind of electrical power source sent21: electrical devices are used for industrial purposes / household purposes by humans sent22: batteries can be used to power electrical devices sent23: light is a kind of energy sent24: electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy sent25: a kind of is similar to a form of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device [AND] battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device [INFER] int1: battery is the source of electrical energy for a flashlight [BECAUSE] electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy [AND] a flashlight is a kind of electrical device [INFER] int2: a flashlight converts electrical energy into other forms of energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a flashlight emits light [AND] light is a kind of energy [AND] a kind of is similar to a form of [INFER] int3: a flashlight converts electrical energy into light energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a flashlight converts electrical energy from the battery into light energy [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy [INFER] int5: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Question: A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?
Answer: mechanical
Hypothesis: a wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy by using mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: to power means to provide energy for sent2: something is used for that something 's purpose sent3: a generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy sent4: mechanical energy of a system includes the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in the system sent5: to run on means to use as an energy source sent6: a wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical energy for a generator sent7: a fan converts electrical energy into mechanical energy / heat energy / sound energy sent8: wind means moving air sent9: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent10: if something converts one kind of energy into other kinds of energy then that something originally stores that energy as the first kind of energy sent11: mostly means being the most sent12: speed up means increase sent13: wind is a kind of airflow sent14: to generate means to form sent15: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent16: mechanical force is a kind of mechanical energy sent17: magnetism is a kind of energy sent18: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent19: powering is similar to fueling sent20: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent21: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent22: potential energy is a kind of energy sent23: to use means to utilize sent24: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent25: both means two
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy [AND] a wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical energy for a generator [INFER] int1: a wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy by using mechanical energy
Question: When the switch in a simple series circuit is closed, what happens to the light bulb that the electricity is flowing to?
Answer: the light comes on
Hypothesis: when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will turn on / come on
Supporting facts: sent1: electricity is a kind of electrical energy sent2: current means electric current sent3: phase means state sent4: an electrical device requires electricity to turn on sent5: when a switch in a simple series circuit is closed , electricity will flow through the circuit sent6: powering an electrical device with a battery requires a path for electricity to flow through a closed circuit sent7: electricity means electrical energy sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: flipping / pushing a switch means using / activating that switch sent10: a closed circuit has continuous path sent11: electricity is made of moving charges / moving charged particles sent12: electrical current means electrical energy sent13: flowing is a kind of action sent14: a circuit is a kind of electrical component sent15: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent16: a light bulb is a kind of electrical device sent17: pushing a button sometimes completes a circuit sent18: an electric circuit is a vehicle for moving electrical energy from the source to the electrical device sent19: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent20: a wire is a kind of path for electricity sent21: a battery-operated device is a kind of electrical device sent22: light means light energy sent23: an electric outlet is a source of electricity sent24: if the electrical devices are connected in parallel circuit , then turning on or off any devices will not affect other devices sent25: creating a simple circuit requires a wire / battery
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light bulb is a kind of electrical device [AND] an electrical device requires electricity to turn on [INFER] int1: a light bulb requires electricity to turn on [BECAUSE] an electric circuit is a vehicle for moving electrical energy from the source to the electrical device [AND] when a switch in a simple series circuit is closed , electricity will flow through the circuit [INFER] int2: when a switch is closed, the electrical energy will flow from the source to the electrical device [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a light bulb is a kind of electrical device [INFER] int3: when a switched is closed, the electrical energy will flow to the light bulb [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] electricity is a kind of electrical energy [INFER] int4: when a switch is closed, the electricity will flow to the lightbulb [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will turn on / come on
Question: Which of the following would make the best insulator against the flow of electricity?
Answer: plastic tape
Hypothesis: plastic tape will prevent the flow of electricity
Supporting facts: sent1: to inhibit means to prevent sent2: electric devices require electrical energy to function sent3: a thermal insulator can be used to remove hot objects from a heat source sent4: thermal insulation requires covering the conductor with an insulator sent5: different materials usually have different properties sent6: better means good sent7: removing hot objects from a heat source requires thermal insulators sent8: conductivity is a kind of physical property sent9: sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity / electric current to flow through that conductor sent10: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent11: nonconductor is similar to insulator sent12: plastic is an electrical insulator sent13: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent14: magnetism is a property of materials / objects and includes ordered values of nonmagnetic / magnetic sent15: as the resistance to something increases , how easilty that something can be done will decrease sent16: insulator means good insulator sent17: best means most positive sent18: air cannot pass through plastic sent19: electricity means electrical energy sent20: plastic tape is made of plastic sent21: plastic is cheap sent22: plastic is durable sent23: conductivity is a measure of how easily electricity travels through a material sent24: a thermal insulator slows / prevents the transfer of heat sent25: an electrical insulator prevents the flow of electricity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plastic is an electrical insulator [AND] plastic tape is made of plastic [INFER] int1: plastic tape is an electrical insulator [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an electrical insulator prevents the flow of electricity [INFER] int2: plastic tape will prevent the flow of electricity
Question: Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of ___.
Answer: energy
Hypothesis: heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy
Supporting facts: sent1: sound means sound energy sent2: a firecracker converts chemical energy into sound energy and light energy and heat energy sent3: electrical devices convert from electrical energy / electricity into other forms of energy sent4: sound wave is similar to sound sent5: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent6: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent7: vibrating matter can produce sound sent8: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent9: heat is a kind of energy sent10: sound waves means sound energy sent11: sound wave is a kind of wave sent12: heat means heat energy sent13: heat means temperature increases sent14: light means light energy sent15: mechanical energy is a kind of energy sent16: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent17: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent18: heat energy can change the state of matter sent19: a light bulb converts electrical energy / electricity into light energy / light energy and heat energy sent20: electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy sent21: sound is a kind of air vibration sent22: sound is a kind of energy sent23: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent24: light is a kind of energy sent25: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound is a kind of energy [AND] light is a kind of energy [AND] heat is a kind of energy [INFER] int1: heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy
Question: The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?
Answer: chemical energy
Hypothesis: the firecracker stores chemical energy as its original energy
Supporting facts: sent1: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent2: phase means state sent3: fire transfers heat through waves sent4: heat means heat energy sent5: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent6: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent7: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent10: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent11: a firecracker converts chemical energy into sound energy and light energy and heat energy sent12: sound means sound energy sent13: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent14: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent15: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent16: different substances usually have different amount of chemical energy sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: heat energy can change the state of matter sent19: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent20: light means light energy sent21: if something converts one kind of energy into other kinds of energy then that something originally stores that energy as the first kind of energy sent22: heating means adding heat sent23: chemicals means substances sent24: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent25: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a firecracker converts chemical energy into sound energy and light energy and heat energy [AND] if something converts one kind of energy into other kinds of energy then that something originally stores that energy as the first kind of energy [INFER] int1: the firecracker stores chemical energy as its original energy
Question: Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat energy can change water from a liquid to a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent2: warm up means increase temperature sent3: becoming is similar to changing sent4: heat energy can change the state of matter sent5: heat means heat energy sent6: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent7: when gas compresses , the temperature of the gas increases sent8: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent9: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent10: phase means state sent11: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent12: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent13: an example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by absorbing heat energy sent14: warm / becoming warm means heat is added sent15: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent16: cooling means temperature decreases sent17: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent18: water is a kind of substance sent19: to convert means to change sent20: gas is a kind of state of matter sent21: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent22: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent23: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent24: state means form sent25: heat means the transfer of thermal energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gas is a kind of state of matter [AND] heat energy can change the state of matter [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int1: heat energy can change a substance from a liquid to a gas [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: heat energy can change water from a liquid to a gas
Question: What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat can cause the ice cube to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent2: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: colliding is a kind of touching sent5: solid is a kind of state of matter sent6: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent7: magnetism is a kind of energy sent8: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent9: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent10: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent11: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent12: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent13: cooling means temperature decreases sent14: applying heat means adding heat energy sent15: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent16: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent17: ice is colder in temperature than water sent18: melting point is a property of a substance / material sent19: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent20: an ice cube is a kind of solid sent21: adding heat means increasing temperature sent22: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent23: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent24: heat is a kind of heat energy sent25: warm up means increase temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat is a kind of heat energy [AND] heat energy can change the state of matter [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an ice cube is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause the ice cube to melt
Question: During winter months, Amina sometimes notices ice covering the hoods of parked cars. Once the engine of the car runs for a while, the ice on the hood begins to melt. What form of energy is released from the car engine to melt the ice?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: the heat from a car engine can cause ice to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent2: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent3: powering is similar to fueling sent4: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent5: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent6: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent7: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from warmer objects / hotter objects to cooler objects sent8: a car engine is a source of heat sent9: adding heat means increasing temperature sent10: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent11: as the specific heat of a material decreases , the temperature of the material will increase more given the same amount of energy sent12: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent13: heat energy can change the state of matter sent14: solid is a kind of state of matter sent15: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent16: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent17: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent18: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent19: producing is similar to releasing sent20: ice is a kind of solid sent21: an internal combustion engine is used to move the automobile sent22: melting is when solids are heated above their melting point sent23: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent24: a heat engine converts heat energy into mechanical energy sent25: heat is a kind of heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat energy can change the state of matter [AND] heat is a kind of heat energy [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] ice is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause ice to melt [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a car engine is a source of heat [INFER] int5: the heat from a car engine can cause ice to melt
Question: A student had a cup of ice while working outside. After a while, the ice melted because the Sun emits energy in the form of light and
Answer: heat.
Hypothesis: the heat from the sunlight cause ice to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: melting is when solids are heated above their melting point sent2: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent3: light means light energy sent4: rays of the sun means sunlight sent5: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent6: heat is a kind of heat energy sent7: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent8: sunlight means solar energy sent9: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent10: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent11: cooling means temperature decreases sent12: ice is a kind of solid sent13: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent14: heat energy can change the state of matter sent15: light energy can be used to heat up an object by radiation sent16: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent17: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent18: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent19: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent20: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent21: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent22: solid is a kind of state of matter sent23: solar radiation means solar energy sent24: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent25: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat energy can change the state of matter [AND] heat is a kind of heat energy [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] ice is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause ice to melt [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight [INFER] int5: the heat from the sunlight cause ice to melt
Question: Which form of energy are x rays and ultraviolet light?
Answer: electromagnetic
Hypothesis: x-rays and ultraviolet light are both electromagnetic energy
Supporting facts: sent1: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent2: x-rays are used in medical technology sent3: an x ray is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent4: light rays means light sent5: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent6: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent7: light means light energy sent8: similar means in common sent9: waves can travel through matter sent10: category means kind sent11: to convert means to change sent12: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent13: ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy sent14: uv mean ultraviolet sent15: where something comes from is a source of that something sent16: electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves sent17: observe means see sent18: a type is synonymous with a kind sent19: emit means produce sent20: ultraviolet rays means ultraviolet light sent21: including means containing sent22: both means two sent23: x-rays can pass through some parts of the body sent24: being exposed to the ultraviolet light has a negative impact on living organisms sent25: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves [AND] an x ray is a kind of electromagnetic wave [INFER] int1: x-rays are a kind of electromagnetic energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy [INFER] int2: x-rays and ultraviolet light are both electromagnetic energy