ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: In which pair of elements are both metalloids?
Answer: Sb and Te
Hypothesis: sb and te are both metalloids
Supporting facts: sent1: antimony is a kind of metalloid sent2: pair means two sent3: zinc is a kind of metal sent4: the chemical symbol for oxygen is o sent5: a chemical property is a kind of property sent6: sodium is a kind of element sent7: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent8: cannot is the opposite of can sent9: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent10: not is similar to the opposite of sent11: the chemical symbol for tellurium is te sent12: oxygen is a kind of element sent13: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent14: the chemical symbol for phosphorus is p sent15: nonmetallic is a kind of luster sent16: sodium is a kind of metal sent17: identical means copy sent18: the chemical symbol for antimony is sb sent19: chemical reactivity is a property of elements and includes ordered values of reactive / unreactive sent20: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent21: alkaline earth metal elements have two valence electrons sent22: an element is identified by its number of protons sent23: identical is the opposite of different sent24: both means two sent25: tellurium is a kind of metalloid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the chemical symbol for tellurium is te [AND] tellurium is a kind of metalloid [INFER] int1: te is a kind of metalloid [BECAUSE] antimony is a kind of metalloid [AND] the chemical symbol for antimony is sb [INFER] int2: sb is a kind of metalloid [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: sb and te are both metalloids
Question: Which of these is one similarity of the elements in the first group of the periodic table?
Answer: The elements in the group react with oxygen in similar ways.
Hypothesis: elements from the first group will react with oxygen in a similar way
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical composition is a kind of property sent2: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent3: oxygen is a kind of element sent4: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent5: a physical property is a kind of property sent6: characteristic means property sent7: the elements in the chemical reaction stays the same after the reaction sent8: elements are all from the first group of the periodic table sent9: a chemical property is a kind of property sent10: the periodic table is a table displays elements sent11: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent12: elements from the same group in the periodic table are chemically reactive in a similar way sent13: similar means in common sent14: if the elements have similar chemical reactivity , then the elements will react with other elements in a similar way sent15: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent16: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent17: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent18: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent19: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent20: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent21: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent22: in common is similar to the same sent23: both means two sent24: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent25: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] elements from the same group in the periodic table are chemically reactive in a similar way [AND] elements are all from the first group of the periodic table [INFER] int1: elements from the first group are chemically reactive in a similar way [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the elements have similar chemical reactivity , then the elements will react with other elements in a similar way [INFER] int2: elements from the first group will react with other elements in a similar way [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] oxygen is a kind of element [INFER] int3: elements from the first group will react with oxygen in a similar way
Question: Strontium, barium, and radium are grouped together on the Periodic Table of the Elements because they all have
Answer: similar electron configurations.
Hypothesis: strontium, barium, and radium are grouped together on the periodic table
Supporting facts: sent1: a group / family in the periodic table means a column in the periodic table sent2: electrons are located on the orbitals in an atom sent3: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent4: interatomic means existing or acting between atoms sent5: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent6: grouping means putting / placing in different groups sent7: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent8: strontium, barium, and radium have similar electrom configurations sent9: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent10: electrons surround / orbit the nucleus of an atom sent11: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent12: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent13: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent14: together means in a group sent15: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent16: an element is identified by its number of protons sent17: to group means to separate sent18: similar means in common sent19: protons are found in the nucleus of an atom sent20: a chemical property is a kind of property sent21: to belong to a group means to be classified in that group sent22: both means two sent23: coming together means forming a group sent24: if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements sent25: the chemical symbol for tellurium is te
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements [AND] strontium, barium, and radium have similar electrom configurations [INFER] int1: strontium, barium, and radium are grouped together on the periodic table
Question: Elements in the same column of the Periodic Table of the Elements all
Answer: have similar physical characteristics.
Hypothesis: elements in the same group in the periodic table will have similar physical properties
Supporting facts: sent1: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent2: according to is similar to be determined by sent3: different materials usually have different properties sent4: identical means copy sent5: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent6: identical is the opposite of different sent7: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent8: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent9: elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties sent10: in common is similar to the same sent11: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent12: unchanged means not changed sent13: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent14: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent15: physical state means state of matter sent16: similarity means the same property sent17: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent18: contains means located in sent19: both means two sent20: below is the opposite of above sent21: similar means in common sent22: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent23: certain is similar to specific sent24: a property is a kind of information sent25: a physical property is a kind of property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a physical property is a kind of property [AND] elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties [INFER] int1: elements in the same group in the periodic table will have similar physical properties
Question: Which pair of elements has the most similar properties?
Answer: N and P
Hypothesis: n and p will have similar properties
Supporting facts: sent1: the chemical symbol for nitrogen is n sent2: a group / family in the periodic table means a column in the periodic table sent3: an element is identified by its number of protons sent4: chemical reactivity is a property of elements and includes ordered values of reactive / unreactive sent5: the chemical symbol for phosphorus is p sent6: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent7: the periodic table of elements can be used for predicting / determining the properties of an element sent8: n means newton sent9: nitrogen and phosphorus belongs to nitrogen family , group 15 on the periodic table sent10: the most reactive nonmetals are located on the second column from the right side of the periodic table sent11: the chemical symbol for oxygen is o sent12: alkaline earth metal elements have two valence electrons sent13: elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties sent14: similarity means the same property sent15: if the elements are in the same family , then the elements will share the same number of valence electrons sent16: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent17: magnetism is a property of materials / objects and includes ordered values of nonmagnetic / magnetic sent18: chromium is always nonmagnetic sent19: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base sent20: the chemical symbol for antimony is sb sent21: oxygen is a kind of element sent22: the periodic table is systematically organized according to the structure of the atoms of the elements sent23: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent24: the most reactive metals are found at the column at the far left side on the periodic table of elements sent25: the chemical symbol for tellurium is te
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties [AND] nitrogen and phosphorus belongs to nitrogen family , group 15 on the periodic table [INFER] int1: nitrogen and phosphorus will have similar properties [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the chemical symbol for nitrogen is n [AND] the chemical symbol for phosphorus is p [INFER] int2: n and p will have similar properties
Question: On the periodic table, the elements in group 18 (8A) (helium, neon, argon, etc.) are grouped together because
Answer: they have full outer electron shells.
Hypothesis: elements in group 18 are grouped together because they have similar electron configuration
Supporting facts: sent1: an element is identified by its number of protons sent2: elements from the same group in the periodic table are chemically reactive in a similar way sent3: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent4: coming together means forming a group sent5: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: the outer electron shell is a part of the electron configuration sent8: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent9: if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements sent10: elements in group 18 have full / complete outer electron shells on the periodic table of elements sent11: similar means in common sent12: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent13: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent14: to belong to a group means to be classified in that group sent15: to group means to separate sent16: together means in a group sent17: grouping means putting / placing in different groups sent18: the chemical symbol for helium is he sent19: a group / family in the periodic table means a column in the periodic table sent20: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent21: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent22: both means two sent23: including means containing sent24: made up of means contains / made of sent25: to belong to a group means to be a kind of something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] elements in group 18 have full / complete outer electron shells on the periodic table of elements [AND] the outer electron shell is a part of the electron configuration [INFER] int1: elements in group 18 have similar electron configuration [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements [INFER] int2: elements in group 18 are grouped together because they have similar electron configuration
Question: Which of following is a property shared by the elements in the carbon family?
Answer: the number of valence electrons
Hypothesis: elements in the carbon family share the same number of valence electrons
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent2: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent3: a property is a kind of information sent4: similar means in common sent5: electrons surround / orbit the nucleus of an atom sent6: both means two sent7: elements from the same group in the periodic table are chemically reactive in a similar way sent8: amount is similar to number sent9: the bonds of chemical compounds contain chemical energy sent10: including means containing sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent13: electrons are located on the orbitals in an atom sent14: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent15: how many means what number sent16: elements in carbon family have four valence electrons sent17: if the elements are in the same family , then the elements will share the same number of valence electrons sent18: carbon has the property of catenation to form a carbon chain sent19: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent20: to group means to separate sent21: in common is similar to the same sent22: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent23: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent24: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent25: a group / family in the periodic table means a column in the periodic table
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] elements in carbon family have four valence electrons [AND] if the elements are in the same family , then the elements will share the same number of valence electrons [INFER] int1: elements in the carbon family share the same number of valence electrons
Question: Sodium, Na, is in the same group as
Answer: K.
Hypothesis: na and k are in the same group
Supporting facts: sent1: made up of means contains / made of sent2: to belong to a group means to be classified in that group sent3: to group means to separate sent4: an element is identified by its number of protons sent5: form means kind sent6: to belong to a class means to be a kind of something sent7: both means two sent8: to be found in means to be contained in sent9: a type is synonymous with a kind sent10: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent11: sodium and potassium  belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table sent12: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent13: including means containing sent14: the chemical symbol for sodium is na sent15: a group / family in the periodic table means a column in the periodic table sent16: elements from the same group in the periodic table are chemically reactive in a similar way sent17: identical means copy sent18: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent19: nonmetal means nonmetals sent20: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent21: made of is similar to contains sent22: contains means located in sent23: to belong to a group means to be a kind of something sent24: composed of means made of sent25: the chemical symbol for potassium is k
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sodium and potassium  belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table [AND] the chemical symbol for sodium is na [AND] the chemical symbol for potassium is k [INFER] int1: na and k are in the same group
Question: According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is
Answer: liquid at room temperature.
Hypothesis: mercury is different from other metals
Supporting facts: sent1: melting is when solids are heated above their melting point sent2: to be found in means to be contained in sent3: characteristic means property sent4: definite is the opposite of variable sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: metals are usually solid at room temperature sent7: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent8: identical is the opposite of different sent9: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent10: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent11: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent12: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent13: both means two sent14: mercury is a kind of metal sent15: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent16: zinc is a kind of metal sent17: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent18: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent19: state of matter means physical state sent20: liquid / solid means nongaseous sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: phase means state sent23: mercury is liquid at room temperature sent24: according to is similar to be determined by sent25: different materials usually have different properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mercury is a kind of metal [AND] mercury is liquid at room temperature [INFER] int1: mercury is a metal that is liquid at room temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metals are usually solid at room temperature [INFER] int2: mercury is different from other metals
Question: What happens to water when it boils?
Answer: It changes into water vapor.
Hypothesis: water boiling is when water changes from liquid water to water vapor
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: solid is a kind of state of matter sent4: phase means state sent5: the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k sent6: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent7: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent8: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent9: state of matter means physical state sent10: if liquid is boiling then that liquid is hot sent11: steam / water vapor is a kind of water phase sent12: state means form sent13: boiling means the volume of a liquid decreases sent14: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 c and 100 c sent15: to change into means to form sent16: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent17: vapor is synonymous with gas sent18: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent19: evaporation causes amount of water to decrease sent20: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent21: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam, for temperatures above 100 c sent22: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent23: if a substance is dissolved in another substance then that substance is added to that other substance sent24: to become is similar to change into sent25: heat means heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int1: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 c and 100 c [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam, for temperatures above 100 c [INFER] int2: water boiling is when water changes from liquid water to water vapor
Question: The boiling of water results in a physical change in matter from
Answer: liquid to gas.
Hypothesis: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k sent2: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent3: if liquid is boiling then that liquid is hot sent4: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent5: boiling point is a kind of physical property sent6: water is a kind of substance sent7: state of matter means physical state sent8: boiling means the volume of a liquid decreases sent9: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent10: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent11: state means form sent12: vapor is synonymous with gas sent13: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent14: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent15: boiling point is a property of a substance / material sent16: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent17: water is a kind of water phase sent18: matter in the liquid phase has definite volume sent19: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent20: heating means adding heat sent21: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent22: boiling is a kind of event sent23: phase means state sent24: to change means to cause a change sent25: physical state means state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy