ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which is an example of a decomposer?
Answer: a mushroom
Hypothesis: an example of a decomposer is a mushroom
Supporting facts: sent1: species means a group of like organisms sent2: contains means located in sent3: to decompose means to decay sent4: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent5: sprouting means germinating sent6: mold is a kind of fungus sent7: fungi is a kind of biological kingdom sent8: if something has the role of something else then that something is an example of that something else sent9: an object / material / substance comes from that object or material 's source sent10: in the food chain process bacteria have the role of decomposer sent11: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent12: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent13: to decompose means to separate sent14: fungi absorb nutrients from decaying tissue sent15: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent16: in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer sent17: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent18: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent19: to be found in means to be contained in sent20: a mushroom is a kind of fungus sent21: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent22: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent23: including means containing sent24: dead plants means dead plant material sent25: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer [AND] a mushroom is a kind of fungus [INFER] int1: in the food chain process mushrooms have the role of decomposer [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has the role of something else then that something is an example of that something else [INFER] int2: an example of a decomposer is a mushroom
Question: Food webs show feeding relationships among different types of organisms. Those organisms each have a specific niche. Which of the following best describes a function of decomposers in food webs?
Answer: to recycle nutrients into soil
Hypothesis: a function of decomposers is to recycle nutrients into the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: to decompose means to separate sent2: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent3: renewing soil increases the nutrients in soil sent4: decomposing is similar to separating sent5: decomposition is a kind of process sent6: a description sometimes provides information sent7: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent8: soil is usually part of an environment sent9: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent10: soil is formed by weathering sent11: soil is found on the the surface of the earth sent12: a function is an activity sent13: role means niche sent14: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent15: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent16: recylcing is a kind of function sent17: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent18: to recycle means return sent19: purpose means role sent20: a plant is a kind of organism sent21: to work means to function sent22: to decompose means to decay sent23: a decomposer performs decomposition sent24: a relationship occurs when two or more things interact with one another sent25: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a decomposer performs decomposition [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int1: a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms into the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] recylcing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of decomposers is to recycle nutrients into the soil
Question: How do decomposers obtain their food?
Answer: absorbing food from dead organisms
Hypothesis: decomposers obtain food by abosorbing food from dead organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object sent2: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent3: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent4: dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers sent5: using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material sent6: dead plants means dead plant material sent7: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent8: to decompose means to decay sent9: absorbing is a kind of function sent10: collecting is similar to absorbing sent11: to absorb means to capture sent12: organisms mean life sent13: phytoplankton is a kind of organism sent14: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent15: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent16: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent17: to give off means to be the source of sent18: decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil sent19: living things perform biological processes sent20: scavengers eat dead organisms sent21: an object / material / substance comes from that object or material 's source sent22: to decompose means to separate sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: food contains nutrients for living things sent25: absorbing is similar to obtaining
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients for living things [AND] dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers [INFER] int1: dead organisms are the source of food for decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object [INFER] int2: decomposers obtain food from dead organisms [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int3: decomposers obtain food by abosorbing food from dead organisms
Question: Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as
Answer: decomposers
Hypothesis: a living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste can be classified as a decomposer
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent2: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent3: organisms mean life sent4: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent5: dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers sent6: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent7: an organism is a living thing sent8: trash is synonymous with waste sent9: if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object sent10: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent11: classify is similar to characterize sent12: to categorize means to classify sent13: dead organisms are a kind of waste sent14: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent15: a decomposer is a kind of living thing sent16: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent17: eating is a kind of method for consuming sent18: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent19: to decompose means to separate sent20: all living things eliminate waste sent21: to decompose means to decay sent22: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent25: processes sometimes produce waste products
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] dead organisms are a kind of waste [AND] dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers [INFER] int1: waste is a source of nutrients for decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object [INFER] int2: decomposers obtain nutrients from waste [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [INFER] int3: decomposers obtain nutrients by eating waste [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] eating is a kind of method for consuming [INFER] int4: decomposers obtain nutrients by consuming waste [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a decomposer is a kind of living thing [INFER] int5: a decomposer is a kind of living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [INFER] int6: a living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste can be classified as a decomposer
Question: Which of the following is most responsible for the decay of dead organisms?
Answer: microorganisms
Hypothesis: microorganisms are resposible for the decay of dead organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: death means to die sent2: to contain something means to have that something sent3: decaying plant is a kind of organic matter sent4: studying a soil sample means studying the microorganisms in that soil sent5: if something cause something else to happen then that something is responsible for that something else sent6: remains is similar to dead organisms sent7: to decompose means to separate sent8: dead plants means dead plant material sent9: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent10: remains mean parts of a dead organism sent11: dead organisms decay sent12: a fungus is a kind of living thing sent13: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent14: a microorganism is very small in size sent15: role means function sent16: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent17: a microorganism is a kind of decomposer sent18: when something decays that something undergoes decomposition sent19: a fungus is a kind of organism sent20: a microorganism is a part of a compost pile sent21: an organism is a living thing sent22: decay has a negative impact on a thing sent23: most means over 50% of something sent24: organisms mean life sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] dead organisms decay [AND] when something decays that something undergoes decomposition [INFER] int1: when dead organisms decay they undergo decomposition [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [INFER] int2: a decomposer causes dead organisms to decay [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a microorganism is a kind of decomposer [INFER] int3: microorganisms cause dead organisms to decay [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something cause something else to happen then that something is responsible for that something else [INFER] int4: microorganisms are resposible for the decay of dead organisms
Question: In a healthy forest, dead trees and limbs fall to the ground and decompose. Which of these statements best describes why decomposition is important to a forest ecosystem?
Answer: Nutrients are released when wood is broken down.
Hypothesis: when a decomposer breaks down wood, nutrients are relseased
Supporting facts: sent1: a fungus is a kind of organism sent2: respiration releases energy sent3: a tree contains wood sent4: a plant is a kind of organism sent5: to break down means to break into smaller pieces sent6: decomposition increases amount of organic matter in soil sent7: fallen trees are a kind of dead organism sent8: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent9: dead plants means dead plant material sent10: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent11: a tree is a kind of plant sent12: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent13: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent14: to decompose means to decay sent15: when something is returned to a place that something is released to that place sent16: soil provides nutrients for plants sent17: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent18: an organism breaks down sugar to release energy sent19: soil contains nutrients for plants sent20: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent21: if a tree falls then that tree is dead sent22: breaking down an object changes that object 's shape / that object 's mass sent23: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent24: remains mean parts of a dead organism sent25: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int1: a decomposer returns nutrients to the soil by breaking down those dead organisms [BECAUSE] a tree is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int2: a tree is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a tree falls then that tree is dead [INFER] int3: a fallen tree is a kind of dead organism [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a tree contains wood [INFER] int4: wood is a part of a dead organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a decomposer returnes nutrients to the soil by breaking down wood [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] when something is returned to a place that something is released to that place [INFER] int6: when a decomposer breaks down wood, nutrients are relseased
Question: Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?
Answer: all the organisms in the ecosystem
Hypothesis: living things require bacteria and microorganisms to return nutrients to the environment
Supporting facts: sent1: nitrogen fixation is when nitrogen becomes fixed by bacteria in the soil sent2: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent3: an animal / bacterium requires oxygen for survival / to breathe sent4: living things eat their food source sent5: a bacterium is a kind of decomposer sent6: a microorganism is a part of a compost pile sent7: if something required by an organism is depleted then that organism must replenish that something sent8: decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem sent9: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent10: if the microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil , then the soil will be anaerobic sent11: nitrogen is a kind of nutrient for plant growth sent12: a living thing requires nutrients for survival sent13: soil is usually part of an environment sent14: a decomposer is a kind of living thing sent15: organic matter is a source of nutrients in soil sent16: a microorganism is a kind of decomposer sent17: when plant parts are mixed with soil then the amount of oganic matter in the soil will increase sent18: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent19: a worm is a kind of decomposer sent20: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent21: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent22: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent23: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent24: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microorganism is a kind of decomposer [AND] a bacterium is a kind of decomposer [INFER] int1: bacteria and microorganisms are kinds of decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int2: bacteria and microorganisms return nutrients from dead organisms to the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] soil is usually part of an environment [INFER] int3: bacteria and microorganisms return nutrients from dead organisms to the environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int4: living things require bacteria and microorganisms to return nutrients to the environment
Question: Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Answer: decomposers
Hypothesis: decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms into the environment
Supporting facts: sent1: recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times sent2: recycling means using over again sent3: recycling has a positive impact on the environment sent4: recycling is similar to reusing sent5: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent6: returning is similar to adding sent7: a component means a part of sent8: to convert means to change sent9: recycling resources / nonrenewable resources has a positive impact on the environment / conservation of those resources sent10: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent11: to recycle means return sent12: decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil sent13: recycling reduces the resources needed to make something sent14: biotic means living sent15: recycling means reusing sent16: plants are a part of the environment sent17: to decompose means to decay sent18: to transform means to convert sent19: to decompose means to separate sent20: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent21: a component of something means a part of that something sent22: soil is usually part of an environment sent23: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent24: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent25: replacing is similar to recycling
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] soil is usually part of an environment [INFER] int1: decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms into the environment
Question: Vultures are scavengers that most likely help ecosystems by quickly consuming dead organisms and
Answer: slowing the spread of disease.
Hypothesis: scavengers help an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease
Supporting facts: sent1: dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers sent2: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent3: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent4: destroying something decreases the amount of that something sent5: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent6: scavengers eat dead organisms sent7: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent8: an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms sent9: consumers eat other organisms sent10: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent11: a decomposer is usually a bacterium / fungus sent12: dead organisms are a source of disease sent13: disease has a negative impact on an organism sent14: as the size of a source of something increases , the amount of something that source produces will decrease sent15: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent16: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent17: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent18: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent19: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent20: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent21: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent22: fast means quickly sent23: decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem sent24: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent25: scavenging is synonymous with looking for food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating something decreases the amount of that something [AND] scavengers eat dead organisms [INFER] int1: scavengers decrease the amount of dead organisms [BECAUSE] dead organisms are a source of disease [AND] as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease [INFER] int2: as the amount of dead organisms decreases, the amount of disease will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: scavengers decrease the amount of disease [BECAUSE] disease has a negative impact on an organism [AND] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [INFER] int4: decreasing disease has a positive impact on organisms [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms [INFER] int5: decreasing disease has a positive impact on an ecosystem [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: scavengers have a positive impact on an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] helping something has a positive impact on that something [INFER] int7: scavengers help an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease