ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it
Answer: causes less pollution.
Hypothesis: electric cars will cause less pollution than regular cars
Supporting facts: sent1: regular cars use gasoline as an energy source sent2: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent3: less means a reduced amount sent4: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent5: humans usually develop inventions that they require sent6: transportation technology is used for moving people / products sent7: using solar energy decreases pollution sent8: solar energy is a source of electricity sent9: a positive impact is a benefit sent10: electricity causes less pollution than gasoline sent11: to power means to provide energy for sent12: an electric car is a kind of invention sent13: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent14: an electric car contains an electric motor sent15: electrical devices convert from electrical energy / electricity into other forms of energy sent16: producing electricity sometimes requires burning oil sent17: electric cars use electricity as the main energy source sent18: to reduce means to decrease sent19: a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles / by factories sent20: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent21: electricity sometimes is used for heating buildings / substances sent22: electric devices require electrical energy to function sent23: sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity / electric current to flow through that conductor sent24: solar power means solar energy sent25: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] regular cars use gasoline as an energy source [AND] electricity causes less pollution than gasoline [AND] electric cars use electricity as the main energy source [INFER] int1: electric cars will cause less pollution than regular cars
Question: Many states require vehicles to be examined and to meet safety and pollution standards. What impact might vehicle inspections have on the environment?
Answer: Fewer pollutants will be released by vehicles.
Hypothesis: the insepction of vehicles to meet pollution standards can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles
Supporting facts: sent1: many vehicles emit pollution into the air sent2: to limit means to decrease sent3: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent4: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent5: if the amount of / quantity of something stops decreasing then the amount of / quantity of that something may increase sent6: as the size of a source of something increases , the amount of something that source produces will decrease sent7: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent8: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent9: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent10: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent11: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent12: a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles sent13: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent14: less means a reduced amount sent15: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent16: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent17: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent18: to lower means to decrease sent19: absorbing something from the air decreases the amount of that something in the air sent20: a vehicle inspection is when a person examines a vehicle for pollution standards sent21: as the use of something decreases , the use of the source of that something will decrease sent22: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent23: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution sent24: as the distance from a source of something increases , that something will decrease sent25: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] many vehicles emit pollution into the air [AND] a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles [INFER] int1: a pollution standard can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a vehicle inspection is when a person examines a vehicle for pollution standards [INFER] int2: the insepction of vehicles to meet pollution standards can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles
Question: In what way do transit systems, such as buses, benefit society?
Answer: by reducing the amount of pollution
Hypothesis: as the use of buses increases, the pollution caused by using automobiles will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: as a resource is used less , the an electric bill is will decrease sent2: transportation technology is a kind of system for moving people and products sent3: bus is a kind of public transportation sent4: to lower means to decrease sent5: as the use of a resource decreases , the length of time that resource being available will increases sent6: transport means to move / to make travel sent7: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent8: an example of protecting the environment is reducing the amount of waste / the amount of pollutants sent9: if something is eliminated then the amount of that something decreases sent10: as the use of public transportation increases , the use of automobiles decreases sent11: public transportation is a kind of way of commuting sent12: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent13: a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles / by factories sent14: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution sent15: the use of automobiles causes pollution to the environment sent16: pollution is a source of pollutants sent17: as the use of something decreases , the use of the source of that something will decrease sent18: pollution is a kind of environmental problem sent19: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent20: increase means more sent21: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource sent22: to limit means to decrease sent23: using resources decreases those resources sent24: sidewalk means pavement sent25: riding in / driving in a vehicle means using that vehicle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the use of public transportation increases , the use of automobiles decreases [AND] bus is a kind of public transportation [INFER] int1: as the use of buses increases, the use of automobiles decreases [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the use of automobiles causes pollution to the environment [INFER] int2: as the use of buses increases, the pollution caused by using automobiles will decrease
Question: Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing
Answer: air pollution.
Hypothesis: using a gas-efficient engine in automobiles will cause less air pollution
Supporting facts: sent1: using gasoline requires burning gasoline sent2: using gasoline is a source of carbon dioxide sent3: oxygen has a positive impact on air quality sent4: gas-efficient engines uses less gasoline sent5: a gasoline engine is a part of gasoline lawn mower sent6: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent7: as the use of a resource decreases , the length of time that resource being available will increases sent8: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution sent9: electricity causes less pollution than gasoline sent10: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas sent11: burning gasoline is a source of air pollution sent12: as mileage per galon of gasoline increases , the amount of gasoline used will decrease sent13: burning natural gas is a source of air pollution sent14: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent15: decreasing use of a resource protects that resource sent16: pollutants have a negative impact on the environment / air quality sent17: air is a kind of gas sent18: operating an automobile usually requires fossil fuels sent19: fuel efficient means uses less fuel sent20: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent21: burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution sent22: pollution is a source of pollutants sent23: as the use of alternative fuels increases , the use of gasoline will decrease sent24: a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles / by factories sent25: an engine is a part of an automobile
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] using gasoline requires burning gasoline [AND] gas-efficient engines uses less gasoline [INFER] int1: gas-efficient engines will burn less gasoline [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] burning gasoline is a source of air pollution [INFER] int2: gas-efficient engines will cause less air pollution [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an engine is a part of an automobile [INFER] int3: using a gas-efficient engine in automobiles will cause less air pollution
Question: Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?
Answer: acid rain
Hypothesis: sulfur scrubbers can reduce the cause of acid rain
Supporting facts: sent1: device means tool sent2: if water vapor is limited to reach a location , then that location will be dry sent3: contaminated means polluted sent4: sulfur dioxide is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels sent5: burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere sent6: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent7: water vapor is found in the atmosphere sent8: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent9: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent10: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent11: limiting a source of something tht has a negative impact on something else has a positive impact on that something else sent12: emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain sent13: problem is similar to issue sent14: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent15: as the amount of sulfur gas in the atmosphere increases , the ph of rain will decrease sent16: sulfur scrubbers can reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide sent17: polluting means something harmful / something poisonous is added in an environment causes harm in the environment sent18: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent19: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent20: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent21: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent22: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam , for temperatures between 373 / 212 / 100 and 100000000000 k / f / c sent23: pollutants have a negative impact on the environment / air quality sent24: to reduce means to decrease sent25: determine is similar to cause
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain [AND] sulfur scrubbers can reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide [INFER] int1: sulfur scrubbers can reduce the cause of acid rain
Question: The mountain chorus frog is an endangered species in Maryland. In addition to the loss of habitat, what most likely caused this frog population to decline?
Answer: poisons dissolved in the water
Hypothesis: poisonous things added in water can cause the population of mountain chorus frogs to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: toxic means poisonous sent2: a poisonous animal is dangerous sent3: a body of water is a kind of environment sent4: water is a kind of natural resource sent5: a pollutant is a kind of substance sent6: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent7: saltwater is a kind of substance sent8: a mountain chorus frog is a kind of animal sent9: water is a part of an environment sent10: pollutions in animals habitat can cause the population of animals to decrease sent11: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent12: a population is made of one type of organism in an area sent13: impact means effect sent14: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent15: a mountain chorus frog is a kind of frog sent16: dissolving a substance in water causes the water to taste like that substance sent17: gas is a kind of substance sent18: chemicals means substances sent19: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent20: bodies of water are the habitats for aquatic animals sent21: killing means harming something causing death sent22: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent23: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent24: a frog is a kind of aquatic animal sent25: water contains dissolved oxygen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a mountain chorus frog is a kind of frog [AND] a frog is a kind of aquatic animal [INFER] int1: a mountain chorus frog is a kind of aquatic animal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] bodies of water are the habitats for aquatic animals [INFER] int2: bodies of water are the habitats for mountain chorus frogs [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] pollutions in animals habitat can cause the population of animals to decrease [AND] a mountain chorus frog is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: water pollution in bodies of water can cause the population of mountain chorus frogs to decrease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment [AND] a body of water is a kind of environment [INFER] int4: poisonous things added in water can cause the population of mountain chorus frogs to decrease
Question: Offshore oil platforms affect ocean habitats. An ocean environment is most likely damaged by an offshore oil platform because
Answer: leaking oil from the oil platform might pollute the water
Hypothesis: offshore oil platforms might cause water pollution by leaking oil into the water
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent2: a body of water contains water sent3: destruction means loss sent4: chemicals can be pollutants sent5: danger has a negative impact on a thing sent6: oceans are the source of most of water vapor in the atmosphere sent7: adverse effect means negative impact sent8: water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants sent9: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent10: oil is a kind of fossil fuel sent11: water is a part of an environment sent12: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent13: an environment means an area sent14: to impact means to affect sent15: seawater is a kind of salt water sent16: oil is insoluble in water sent17: oil is a kind of pollutant sent18: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent19: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution sent20: offshore oil platforms might cause oil to leak into the water sent21: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent22: the temperature / ph of a body of water has an impact on the health of a body of water sent23: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent24: polluting gasses are a kind of pollution sent25: pollution is a kind of environmental problem
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oil is a kind of pollutant [AND] water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants [INFER] int1: an example of water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with oil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a part of an environment [AND] offshore oil platforms might cause oil to leak into the water [INFER] int2: offshore oil platforms might cause water pollution by leaking oil into the water
Question: Lori owns a house next to the lake. She uses lots of fertilizer to keep her lawn green. Which impact could fertilizing her lawn have on the lake?
Answer: an increase in the algae population
Hypothesis: the population of algae in the lake will increase because of the fertilizer in the runoff
Supporting facts: sent1: lori uses fertilizer on her lawn sent2: a lot means large in amount / quantity sent3: lots means much sent4: a lake is a kind of body of water sent5: fertilizers have a positive impact on algae growth sent6: green is a kind of color sent7: a lawn is a piece of land covered with grass sent8: green plants are a kind of producer sent9: a property of something is a feature of that something sent10: using resources decreases those resources sent11: plants are a part of the environment sent12: as a population of organisms decreases , the resources used by those organisms will increase sent13: runoff flows across land and ends in bodies of water sent14: if members of a species are born / survive then the population of that species increases sent15: gardens are located outside sent16: if something has a positive impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a positive impact on that something else sent17: a body of water contains water sent18: a plant is a member of a plant species sent19: if fertilizer is used on a land, then the runoff from that land will contain fertilizer sent20: increase means more sent21: fertilizer contains chemicals sent22: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent23: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent24: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent25: algae is found in bodies of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lori uses fertilizer on her lawn [AND] if fertilizer is used on a land, then the runoff from that land will contain fertilizer [AND] a lawn is a piece of land covered with grass [INFER] int1: the runoff from the lawn will contain fertilizer [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] runoff flows across land and ends in bodies of water [AND] a lake is a kind of body of water [INFER] int2: the runoff from the lawn containing fertilizer can flow and end in the lake [BECAUSE] algae is found in bodies of water [AND] a lake is a kind of body of water [INFER] int3: algae can be found in lake [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] fertilizers have a positive impact on algae growth [INFER] int4: the population of algae in the lake will increase because of the fertilizer in the runoff
Question: A recent study concluded that about 90% of all large predatory fish such as tuna have disappeared from the world's oceans in the past 50 years. Which of these is most likely the direct cause of this loss?
Answer: Commercial harvesting from the ocean
Hypothesis: commercial harvesting from the ocean has caused the populations of tuna to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent2: humans sometimes eat fish sent3: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent4: eating prey requires catching prey sent5: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent6: catching something is synonymous with obtaining that something sent7: aquatic animals / plants live in bodies of water sent8: as population of prey decreases , the population of predators will decrease sent9: aquatic animal means water animal sent10: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent11: fishing has a negative impact on ecosystems sent12: tuna is a kind of fish sent13: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal is the predator sent14: disrupting something from reaching something else decreases the availability of that something sent15: loss of resources has a negative impact on the organisms in an area sent16: tuna eat fish sent17: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species sent18: body of water is a source of wild fish for human populations sent19: if something is eliminated then the amount of that something decreases sent20: as the population of prey decreases , competition between predators will increase sent21: commercial harvesting from the ocean has caused populations of large predatory fish to decrease sent22: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent23: food supply often limits predator population size in an ecosystem sent24: as the distance from a source of something increases , that something will decrease sent25: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal is the predator [AND] tuna eat fish [INFER] int1: tuna is a kind of predator [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] tuna is a kind of fish [INFER] int2: tuna is a kind of predatory fish [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] commercial harvesting from the ocean has caused populations of large predatory fish to decrease [INFER] int3: commercial harvesting from the ocean has caused the populations of tuna to decrease
Question: The populations of black rhinoceroses have been impacted by human interactions to the point of being endangered. Which interaction best explains why the black rhino is now endangered?
Answer: over hunting
Hypothesis: overhunting can cause the rhinoceros to be endangered
Supporting facts: sent1: action means activity sent2: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent3: adverse effect means negative impact sent4: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent5: a disruption of an ecosystem can cause an extinction sent6: a problem / a concern has a possible negative impact on a thing sent7: a negative impact is a kind of consequence / risk sent8: influence means impact sent9: similar means in common sent10: overhunting decreases animal populations sent11: something being destroyed means that something no longer exists sent12: death means to die sent13: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent14: an animal is a member of an animal species sent15: to impact means to affect sent16: something dangerous can cause harm sent17: to act on means to affect sent18: extinction has a negative impact on an ecosystem sent19: causing means influencing sent20: purpose means role sent21: influence means effect sent22: decreasing in population will cause the population to be low sent23: endangered means low in population sent24: a rhinoceros is a kind of animal sent25: motion / movement means moving / to move
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] overhunting decreases animal populations [AND] a rhinoceros is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: overhunting can decrease rhinoceros populations [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decreasing in population will cause the population to be low [AND] endangered means low in population [INFER] int2: overhunting can cause the rhinoceros to be endangered