ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What type of inheritance controls blood types in humans?
Answer: multiple alleles
Hypothesis: alleles can determine the blood type of human
Supporting facts: sent1: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent2: heredity is similar to inheritance sent3: according to is similar to be determined by sent4: trait is a kind of genetic information sent5: a type is synonymous with a kind sent6: genes are made of dna sent7: the body is a part of an organism sent8: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent9: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent10: a gene is a kind of unit of hereditary information sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: trait means property sent13: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent14: alleles are found at the same place on a chromosome sent15: a human is a kind of animal sent16: genotype of an organism means the genes of an organism sent17: alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals sent18: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent19: the brain is a part of the body sent20: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent21: genes are located on chromosomes sent22: each is similar to individual sent23: determining is similar to learning sent24: blood type is an inherited characteristic sent25: trait is synonymous with characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of animal [AND] alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals [INFER] int1: alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of human [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] blood type is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: alleles can determine the blood type of human
Question: Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA to RNA to protein
Hypothesis: genetic information flows from dna to rna to proteins in central dogma of molecular biology
Supporting facts: sent1: to transform means to convert sent2: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent3: biological means of biology sent4: genetic engineering is when scientists transfer a section of dna from one organism into the dna of another organism sent5: to show means to present sent6: a whole is formed by its parts sent7: to change into means to form sent8: convert is similar to transfer sent9: protein is used to repair cells by the human body sent10: genetic information can be used for repairing damage by proteins sent11: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent12: to turn means to convert sent13: transcription is when genetic information flows from dna to rna sent14: including means containing sent15: in the central dogma of molecular biology , translation follows transcription sent16: to convert means to change sent17: a sequence is an ordered strand sent18: activator is a kind of protein sent19: forming is similar to converting sent20: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent21: translation is when genetic information flows from rna to proteins sent22: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent23: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent24: being derived from is similar to being formed sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] transcription is when genetic information flows from dna to rna [AND] in the central dogma of molecular biology , translation follows transcription [AND] translation is when genetic information flows from rna to proteins [INFER] int1: genetic information flows from dna to rna to proteins in central dogma of molecular biology
Question: Which part of a DNA molecule represents encoded information?
Answer: guanine
Hypothesis: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in guanine in dna
Supporting facts: sent1: genetic information can be used for repairing damage by proteins sent2: composition is a kind of information sent3: a part of something is present in that something sent4: pairs of nucleotides link two sequences of nucleotides together sent5: an element is identified by its number of protons sent6: guanine is a kind of nitrogenous base in dna / rna sent7: genes are located on chromosomes sent8: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent9: a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information sent10: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent11: part means role sent12: an element is a kind of atom sent13: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent14: information is used to describe something sent15: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent16: the structure of an atom can be used for identifying the element sent17: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent18: including means containing sent19: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base sent20: data means information sent21: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent22: both means two sent23: a component of something means a part of that something sent24: genes contains genetic information sent25: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base [AND] a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information [INFER] int1: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in the nitrogenous base [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] guanine is a kind of nitrogenous base in dna / rna [INFER] int2: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in guanine in dna
Question: What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule?
Answer: nucleotide
Hypothesis: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna molecule
Supporting facts: sent1: made up of means contains / made of sent2: the parts of something make up that something sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent5: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent6: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent7: nucleotide is a kind of monomer sent8: genetic information can be used for repairing damage by proteins sent9: an element is a kind of substance sent10: including means containing sent11: a molecule is a kind of particle sent12: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent13: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent14: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent15: a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded sent16: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent17: nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna sent18: dna is a kind of molecule sent19: to be found in means to be contained in sent20: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent23: both means two sent24: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent25: substances are made of molecules
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna [AND] nucleotide is a kind of monomer [INFER] int1: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] dna is a kind of molecule [INFER] int2: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna molecule
Question: All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?
Answer: nucleotides
Hypothesis: nucleotides are the repeating subunits of dna and rna
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent2: to contain something means to have that something sent3: nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna and rna sent4: made up of means contains / made of sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: dna are made of two sequences of nucleotides linked together sent7: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base sent8: both means two sent9: composed of means made of sent10: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent11: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent12: the parts of something make up that something sent13: containing something is similar to providing that something sent14: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent15: rna often are made of one sequence of nucleotides sent16: all living and nonliving materials are made of elements sent17: contains means located in sent18: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent19: including means containing sent20: all the other means the rest of sent21: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent22: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent23: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent24: pairs of nucleotides link two sequences of nucleotides together sent25: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rna often are made of one sequence of nucleotides [AND] dna are made of two sequences of nucleotides linked together [INFER] int1: dna and rna are both made of nucleotides [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna and rna [INFER] int2: nucleotides are the repeating subunits of dna and rna
Question: In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. What size pea plants will result when a pure tall plant is crossed with a pure short plant?
Answer: tall plants
Hypothesis: crossing a pure tall pea plant with a pure short pea plant causes their offspring to be tall pea plants
Supporting facts: sent1: height is a kind of position sent2: if all offspring have a dominant trait , then at least one parent is homozygous dominant sent3: a homozygous dominant organism contains only dominant genes sent4: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent5: tall height is a dominant trait in pea plants sent6: a plant is a kind of organism sent7: height is a measure of length from the top of an object to the bottom of an object sent8: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent9: taller means greater in height / size sent10: if a homozygous / pure dominant organism is crossed / bred with a homozygous / pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of being homozygous recessive sent11: crossing a pure dominant organism with a pure recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant sent12: short height is a recessive trait in pea plants sent13: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent14: genes are located on chromosomes sent15: if both dominant genes are present , then the dominant trait will be visible / expressed sent16: to cause means to result in sent17: result means outcome sent18: to cross is similar to to reproduce sent19: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent20: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent21: tall means great in height sent22: if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed / bred with homozygous / pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 50% probability of being heterozygous dominant sent23: genes contains genetic information sent24: purity is a property of substance and includes ordered values of pure substance / mixture sent25: if a homozygous / pure recessive organism is crossed / bred with a homozygous / pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 100% probability of being homozygous recessive
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] crossing a pure dominant organism with a pure recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant [AND] short height is a recessive trait in pea plants [AND] tall height is a dominant trait in pea plants [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: crossing a pure tall pea plant with a pure short pea plant causes their offspring to be tall pea plants
Question: In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. What size pea plants would result when two short plants are crossed?
Answer: short plants only
Hypothesis: crossing two short pea plants causes their offspring to be short plants
Supporting facts: sent1: height is a measure of length from the top of an object to the bottom of an object sent2: crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait sent3: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent4: short height is a recessive trait in pea plants sent5: long means great in length sent6: to cross is similar to to reproduce sent7: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent8: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent9: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent10: to shorten means to make shorter sent11: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent12: length is a part of size sent13: result means outcome sent14: shorter means smaller / less in height sent15: to cause means to have an effect sent16: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent17: similar means in common sent18: length is a property of the shape of an object sent19: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent20: both means two sent21: pea plants are a kind of living thing sent22: height is a kind of position sent23: to cause means to result in sent24: tall means great in height sent25: if the offspring of two parents have both dominant and recessive trait , then the parents have different alleles for that trait
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait [AND] pea plants are a kind of living thing [AND] short height is a recessive trait in pea plants [INFER] int1: crossing two short pea plants causes their offspring to be short plants
Question: In whitetail deer, females seldom grow antlers. Which best explains why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers?
Answer: Antler growth is controlled by genes.
Hypothesis: antler growth of white tailed deer is determined by the genes
Supporting facts: sent1: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent2: coordinate is similar to control sent3: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: white tailed deer is a kind of living thing sent6: the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic sent7: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent8: growing is when an animal 's height / mass / size increase sent9: determining is similar to learning sent10: animal instinct means instinctive behavior sent11: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent12: if an organism produces a substance then that organism has a gene that controls the production of that substance sent13: an animal is a member of an animal species sent14: a factor impacts something sent15: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent16: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent17: rarely means not sent18: genetics is a kind of field of research sent19: antlers are usually part of animals sent20: a heterozygous organism contains both dominant and recessive genes sent21: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent22: determine is similar to cause sent23: an animal is a kind of living thing sent24: genes are made of dna sent25: characteristic means property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] antlers are usually part of animals [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: antlers are usually part of a living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic of living things [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int3: antler growth is determined by the genes of a living thing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] white tailed deer is a kind of living thing [INFER] int4: antler growth of white tailed deer is determined by the genes
Question: Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder. If only one gene is present, an individual is a carrier. What is the probability of two healthy Tay-Sachs carriers having a child that has the disease?
Answer: 25%
Hypothesis: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to have the tay-sachs disease
Supporting facts: sent1: if only recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent2: determine is similar to cause sent3: disease means illness sent4: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent5: blood type is an inherited characteristic sent6: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent7: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent8: parents produce offspring sent9: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent10: if both dominant genes are present , then the dominant trait will be visible / expressed sent11: genes contains genetic information sent12: likelihood is similar to probability sent13: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent14: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent15: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent16: a gene is a kind of unit of hereditary information sent17: genes are located on chromosomes sent18: a heterozygous organism contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene sent19: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent20: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent21: genotype of an organism means the genes of an organism sent22: a tay-sachs disease carrier have one dominant and one recessive tay-sachs gene sent23: crossing two heterozygous dominant organisms causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 25% probability sent24: 25% probability is similar to one in four sent25: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a heterozygous organism contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene [AND] a tay-sachs disease carrier have one dominant and one recessive tay-sachs gene [INFER] int1: a tay-sachs disease carrier is heterozygous [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] crossing two heterozygous dominant organisms causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 25% probability [INFER] int2: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to be homozygous recessive in tay-sachs disease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes [INFER] int3: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to contain only recessive genes for tay-sachs disease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if only recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed [INFER] int4: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to have the tay-sachs disease
Question: A mouse is homozygous for black fur (BB). The other parent is heterozygous for black fur with a recessive trait for brown fur ( Bb ). If black is the dominant trait, what percentage of the offspring will be brown?
Answer: 0%
Hypothesis: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to be brown
Supporting facts: sent1: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent2: coloration means a pattern of colors sent3: coloration means a thing 's color sent4: brown is dark in color sent5: brown fur is a recessive trait in mouse sent6: black is dark in color sent7: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent8: if both dominant genes are present , then the dominant trait will be visible / expressed sent9: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent10: trait is a kind of genetic information sent11: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent12: bb means heterozygous dominant sent13: if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed homozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of having recessive trait sent14: genotype of an organism means the genes of an organism sent15: a heterozygous black (bb) mouse is crossed with homozygous black mouse (bb) sent16: genetic segregation is when each sex cell receives one copy of each chromosome sent17: bb means homozygous dominant sent18: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have / to express that recessive trait sent19: crossing / breeding a homozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant sent20: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent21: if all offspring have a dominant trait , then at least one parent is homozygous dominant sent22: genes contains genetic information sent23: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent24: heredity is similar to inheritance sent25: if the offspring of two parents have both dominant and recessive trait , then the parents have different alleles for that trait
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bb means heterozygous dominant [AND] if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed homozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of having recessive trait [AND] a heterozygous black (bb) mouse is crossed with homozygous black mouse (bb) [AND] bb means homozygous dominant [INFER] int1: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to express recessive trait [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] brown fur is a recessive trait in mouse [INFER] int2: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to be brown