ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which force causes a marble to sink to the bottom of a glass of water?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the marble to sink
Supporting facts: sent1: colliding is a kind of touching sent2: gravity helps move blood through the body sent3: empty into a body of water means enters a body of water sent4: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent5: downward means down sent6: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent7: sinking means moving down sent8: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent9: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent10: beneath means below sent11: to be lowered into a substance means to be placed into that substance sent12: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent13: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent14: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent15: marble is a kind of object / material sent16: can be means able to be sent17: downward is a kind of direction sent18: to happen means to occur sent19: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent20: due to means caused by sent21: substances are made of matter sent22: gravity is a kind of force sent23: to cause means to result in sent24: mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object sent25: down is a kind of direction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] marble is a kind of object / material [AND] gravity is a kind of force [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sinking means moving down [INFER] int2: gravity is the force that causes the marble to sink
Question: A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the pencial to be pulled down on a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent2: can be means able to be sent3: rotate means turn sent4: a pencil is a kind of object sent5: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent6: colliding is a kind of touching sent7: towards means closer to something sent8: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent9: away is a kind of direction sent10: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent11: falling means height decreases sent12: moving changes position sent13: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent14: gravity is a kind of force sent15: upward is a kind of direction sent16: spin means rotate sent17: up means upward sent18: inclined means sloping sent19: to move toward means to move nearer sent20: movement is a kind of change sent21: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent22: motion / movement means moving / to move sent23: a pull is a kind of force sent24: make means produce sent25: to drop means to fall
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [AND] a pencil is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the pencial to be pulled down on a planet
Question: The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's
Answer: mass
Hypothesis: the force of gravity depends on the mass of an object
Supporting facts: sent1: motion / movement means moving / to move sent2: gravity / gravitational force causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent3: a star 's mass determines the star 's type sent4: as the mass of an object increases , the potential energy of that object will increase sent5: as the mass of an object increases , the weight of that object will increase sent6: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent7: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent8: mass is similar to size sent9: to be dependent on something means to depend on that something sent10: both means two sent11: as force exerted on an object increases , distance travelled will increase sent12: determining often requires measuring / observing sent13: a property is similar to a factor sent14: if something changes when something else changes, then that something depends on that something else sent15: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent16: if two or more things are in a relationship then those things impact each other sent17: a decrease is a kind of change sent18: as the mass of an object decreases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease sent19: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent20: mass is a kind of information sent21: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent22: mass is a kind of physical property sent23: as the mass of an object increases , the density of that object will increase sent24: as the mass of a planet / of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that planet / of that celestial object weakens sent25: as the mass of an object increases , the force required to push that object will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a decrease is a kind of change [AND] as the mass of an object decreases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease [INFER] int1: as the mass of an object changes, the force of gravity on that object will change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something changes when something else changes, then that something depends on that something else [INFER] int2: the force of gravity depends on the mass of an object
Question: The gravitational force exerted by an object depends on its
Answer: mass.
Hypothesis: the gravitational force on an object depends on the mass of the object
Supporting facts: sent1: the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object sent2: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent3: a star 's mass determines the star 's type sent4: a kind of something is an example of that something sent5: a factor impacts something sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: mass is similar to size sent8: motion / movement means moving / to move sent9: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent10: to produce means to result in sent11: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent12: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent13: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent14: less is similar to decrease sent15: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent16: determining often requires measuring / observing sent17: both means two sent18: mass is a kind of information sent19: a property is similar to a factor sent20: materials are made of matter sent21: mass is a kind of physical property sent22: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent23: due to means caused by sent24: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent25: to cause means to result in
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object [AND] if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something [INFER] int1: the gravitational force on an object depends on the mass of the object
Question: In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by
Answer: lift.
Hypothesis: flying a glider requires lift to oppose the weight of the glider
Supporting facts: sent1: force requires energy sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: flying an object requires lift to oppose the object 's weight sent4: a decrease is a kind of change sent5: weight means the force of gravity acting on an object sent6: as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease sent7: to cause means to result in sent8: able is the opposite of unable sent9: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent10: a glider is a kind of object sent11: to be required means to be necessary sent12: impact means effect sent13: upward is the opposite of downward sent14: a factor impacts something sent15: to lift means to move up sent16: both means two sent17: if something is required then that something must be provided sent18: negative impact is the opposite of positive impact sent19: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent20: can means having the ability to sent21: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent22: flight is similar to a movement in the air made by an airplane sent23: can be means able to be sent24: cannot means not be able to sent25: as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a glider is a kind of object [AND] flying an object requires lift to oppose the object 's weight [INFER] int1: flying a glider requires lift to oppose the weight of the glider
Question: Which pair of items will repel each other?
Answer: a negatively-charged plastic strip and a negatively-charged piece of cloth
Hypothesis: the negatively-charged plastic strip and negatively-charged piece of cloth will repel each other
Supporting facts: sent1: look at means observe sent2: the parts of something make up that something sent3: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent4: there is a negatively-charged piece of cloth sent5: plastic is always nonmagnetic sent6: if two objects have the same electrical charge then those two objects will repel each other when they are close to each other sent7: an object is made of its parts sent8: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent9: charge is a property of an object and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent10: similar means in common sent11: a piece is a part of a whole sent12: electrical charge is a property of atoms sent13: an electron is a kind of charged particle sent14: repel means move away sent15: both means two sent16: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent17: positive charge is a kind of electric charge sent18: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent19: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent20: air cannot pass through plastic sent21: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent22: there is a negatively-charged plastic strip sent23: a cloth is a kind of object sent24: a plastic strip is a kind of object sent25: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cloth is a kind of object [AND] a plastic strip is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a cloth and a plastic strip are kinds of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] there is a negatively-charged plastic strip [AND] there is a negatively-charged piece of cloth [AND] charge is a property of an object and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged [INFER] int2: the piece of cloth and plastic strip have the same charge of negative charge [BECAUSE] a cloth is a kind of object [AND] a plastic strip is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a cloth and a plastic strip are kinds of object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] if two objects have the same electrical charge then those two objects will repel each other when they are close to each other [INFER] int4: the negatively-charged plastic strip and negatively-charged piece of cloth will repel each other
Question: A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?
Answer: magnetic force
Hypothesis: the iron nail will attract another iron nail because the iron nail is magnetic
Supporting facts: sent1: an electrical charge can attract objects to other objects sent2: magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact sent3: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent4: similar means in common sent5: magnetic attraction pulls two objects together sent6: colliding is a kind of touching sent7: magnetism can cause objects to repel each other sent8: pull is similar to attract sent9: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent10: magnetism is a kind of physical property sent11: looping is similar to wrapping sent12: if battery in an electromagnet is active then the nail in the electromagnet will become magnetic sent13: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent14: strong means high in strength sent15: both means two sent16: a nail is a kind of object sent17: force requires energy sent18: magnetic energy is a kind of energy sent19: magnetism is a kind of energy sent20: cementing is similar to sticking together sent21: unbalanced electrical charge of object / material causes static electricity sent22: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent23: rubbing different materials can cause electrical charge of the materials to be unbalanced sent24: if two objects / two materials have the same electrical charge then those two objects / those two materials will repel / move apart from each other when they are close to each other sent25: the student connects the wire wrapping an iron nail to a battery
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if battery in an electromagnet is active then the nail in the electromagnet will become magnetic [AND] the student connects the wire wrapping an iron nail to a battery [INFER] int1: the iron nail will become magnetic [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a nail is a kind of object [AND] magnetic attraction pulls two objects together [INFER] int2: the iron nail will attract another iron nail because the iron nail is magnetic
Question: A soccer player kicks a soccer ball across a field. Which factor has the most effect on the distance the soccer ball travels?
Answer: the force of the kick
Hypothesis: the force of the kick can affect the distance travelled by the soccer ball
Supporting facts: sent1: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent2: a ball is a kind of object sent3: as the distance from an object increases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent6: as force exerted on an object increases , distance travelled will increase sent7: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: impact means effect sent10: a soccer ball is a kind of ball sent11: length is a measure of distance from one end of an object to the other end of that object sent12: as the power of the force exerted on an object increases , the speed of the object being moved by the force will increase sent13: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent14: a soccer player kicks a soccer ball sent15: the ground is at the bottom of an area sent16: travel means to move sent17: calculating is similar to estimating sent18: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent19: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent20: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent21: if an object is kicked then force is exerted on that object sent22: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent23: furthest / farthest means greatest / most / highest in distance sent24: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent25: determining often requires measuring / observing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a soccer ball is a kind of ball [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a soccer ball is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a soccer player kicks a soccer ball [AND] if an object is kicked then force is exerted on that object [INFER] int2: a force is exerted on the soccer ball through the kick [BECAUSE] a soccer ball is a kind of ball [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a soccer ball is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] as force exerted on an object increases , distance travelled will increase [INFER] int4: the force of the kick can affect the distance travelled by the soccer ball
Question: A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?
Answer: Lever
Hypothesis: a lever can be used for lifting a heavy rock
Supporting facts: sent1: the ability to do means be able to do sent2: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent3: rock is a kind of material sent4: look at means observe sent5: not looking means not seeing sent6: beneath means below sent7: rotate means turn sent8: to lift means to move up sent9: rock is a kind of nonliving thing sent10: better look means see better sent11: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent12: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent13: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent14: rock means stone sent15: a rock is a kind of object sent16: a lever is used for lifting / moving heavy objects sent17: to try means to make an effort sent18: to reduce means to decrease sent19: looking is similar to observing sent20: to see means to look sent21: not visible means cannot be seen sent22: a machine is a kind of device sent23: visible means able to be seen sent24: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent25: to be lowered into a substance means to be placed into that substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rock is a kind of object [AND] a lever is used for lifting / moving heavy objects [INFER] int1: a lever can be used for lifting a heavy rock
Question: Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?
Answer: Foot pedal
Hypothesis: the pedals are the part of a bicycle that moves in circular motion
Supporting facts: sent1: characteristic means property sent2: rotate means turn sent3: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent4: movement is a kind of change sent5: shape is a property of an object sent6: moving is similar to travelling sent7: rotating is similar to moving sent8: riding something is to move that thing over a surface sent9: fastest means greatest in speed sent10: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent11: increase means more sent12: move around means revolve sent13: travel means to move sent14: pedals are part of a bicycle for pedalling sent15: bike means bicycle sent16: motion / movement means moving / to move sent17: speed up means increase sent18: a motion is a kind of event / action sent19: good means positive sent20: best means most positive sent21: better means good sent22: a bicycle is a kind of nonliving thing sent23: pedalling a bicycle requires moving the pedals in a circular motion sent24: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent25: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pedals are part of a bicycle for pedalling [AND] pedalling a bicycle requires moving the pedals in a circular motion [INFER] int1: the pedals are the part of a bicycle that moves in circular motion
Question: Which simple machine increases the distance over which a load travels and reduces the needed force?
Answer: inclined plane
Hypothesis: an inclined plane increases the distance the object travels and decrease the force needed to move the object
Supporting facts: sent1: a plane travels through the atmosphere sent2: must have means require sent3: requiring something means needing that something sent4: to be required means to be necessary sent5: remove means decrease sent6: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent7: motion / movement means moving / to move sent8: moving is similar to travelling sent9: an inclined plane increases the distance over which an object travels sent10: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent11: an inclined plane decreases the force required to move an object to a different altitude sent12: to make possible means to be required sent13: what something needs is a property of that something sent14: length is a measure of distance from one end of an object to the other end of that object sent15: reducing is similar to slowing sent16: inclined means sloping sent17: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent18: travel means to move sent19: inertia is when a stationary object resists being put into motion sent20: to convert means to change sent21: needing something means depending on that something sent22: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent23: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent24: less means a reduced amount sent25: increase means more
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an inclined plane decreases the force required to move an object to a different altitude [AND] an inclined plane increases the distance over which an object travels [INFER] int1: an inclined plane increases the distance the object travels and decrease the force needed to move the object
Question: If a book sitting on a flat table starts to move horizontally, it is most likely moving because
Answer: an unbalanced force is being applied.
Hypothesis: an unbalanced force is applied on the book
Supporting facts: sent1: unbalanced force causes objects to move sent2: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent3: height is a property of the size of an object sent4: straight is a kind of shape sent5: if something moves then that something is in a different location sent6: to be made of is similar to collection sent7: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent8: flat means level sent9: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent10: size / amount of space means volume sent11: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent12: motion / movement means moving / to move sent13: movement is a kind of change sent14: sitting is a kind of action sent15: down is a kind of direction sent16: height is a kind of position sent17: a smooth surface is a part of a sheet of paper sent18: an object is an item sent19: shift means move sent20: a book on the table starts to move horizontally sent21: volume is a property of matter sent22: a book is a kind of object sent23: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent24: an object being pushed across another object causes their surfaces to move against each other sent25: apparent motion is when an object appears to move relative to another object 's perspective / another object 's position
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] unbalanced force causes objects to move [AND] a book on the table starts to move horizontally [AND] a book is a kind of object [INFER] int1: an unbalanced force is applied on the book