ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?
Answer: mechanical
Hypothesis: a person can exert mechanical energy to push a block
Supporting facts: sent1: push is a kind of force / application of force sent2: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent3: a person is a kind of object sent4: a block is a kind of object sent5: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent6: kinetic energy is a kind of mechanical energy sent7: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: rotating is similar to moving sent10: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent11: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent12: the floor is at the bottom of a room sent13: rotate means turn sent14: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent15: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent16: moving something is a kind of function sent17: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent18: force requires energy sent19: a pull is a kind of force sent20: motion / movement means moving / to move sent21: when mechanical energy is transferred to the air , then the air will start to vibrate sent22: a wall is a kind of surface sent23: mechanical force is a kind of mechanical energy sent24: mechanical energy of a system includes the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in the system sent25: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a block is a kind of object [AND] mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object [INFER] int1: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push a block [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a person is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a person can exert mechanical energy to push a block
Question: Which event is the best example of mechanical energy?
Answer: a wagon rolling down a hill
Hypothesis: a wagon rolling is an example of mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: rotating is similar to moving sent2: a vehicle transmits something sent3: rotation is a kind of motion sent4: rotate means turn sent5: moving changes potential energy / stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent6: rolling is a kind of motion sent7: when mechanical energy is transferred to the air , then the air will start to vibrate sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: mechanical energy of a system includes the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in the system sent10: force requires energy sent11: best means most positive sent12: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent13: an example of mechanical energy is an object in motion sent14: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent15: sound is produced when mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy sent16: if an object is at rest at the top of an incline then that object 's mechanical energy is all potential sent17: a rotation is a kind of movement sent18: a wagon is a kind of vehicle sent19: motion / movement means moving / to move sent20: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent21: a vehicle is a kind of object sent22: a internal combustion engine / car engine / automobile engine usually converts fuel / chemical energy into mechanical energy and heat energy through combustion sent23: rolling down is similar to falling sent24: down is a kind of direction sent25: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wagon is a kind of vehicle [AND] a vehicle is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a wagon is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rolling is a kind of motion [INFER] int2: a wagon rolling is an example of an object in motion [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an example of mechanical energy is an object in motion [INFER] int3: a wagon rolling is an example of mechanical energy
Question: Which statement explains why light from the Sun can warm up water in a glass?
Answer: Water absorbs light energy.
Hypothesis: the glass of water will heat
Supporting facts: sent1: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent2: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent3: a glass contains water sent4: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent5: heat is a kind of energy sent6: water is a kind of substance sent7: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent8: light energy can be used to heat up an object by radiation sent9: sunlight is a kind of light sent10: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent11: warm up means increase temperature sent12: heat energy can change the state of matter sent13: a glass is a kind of object sent14: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent15: sunlight means solar energy sent16: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent17: as heat is transferred from something to something else , the temperature of that something will decrease sent18: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent19: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent20: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent21: a glass of water is in the sunlight sent22: light is a kind of energy sent23: solar energy can warm up the air sent24: cooling means temperature decreases sent25: solar energy is a kind of light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] solar energy is a kind of light [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight is a kind of solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [INFER] int2: absorbing solar energy causes objects to heat [BECAUSE] a glass is a kind of object [AND] a glass contains water [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: a glass of water is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a glass of water is in the sunlight [INFER] int4: the glass of water will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the glass of water will heat
Question: A student places a sheet of black construction paper on her desk. What happens to most of the light that strikes the black construction paper?
Answer: The light is absorbed by the paper.
Hypothesis: a black sheet of construction paper will absorb the most amount of sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent2: volume is similar to amount sent3: to reduce means to decrease sent4: light means light energy sent5: largest amount means most sent6: take in means absorb sent7: black is dark in color sent8: black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight sent9: amount is similar to number sent10: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent11: look at means observe sent12: light rays means light sent13: less is similar to decrease sent14: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent15: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent16: variable means able to change sent17: bright means a lot of light sent18: dark means a low amount of light sent19: less means a reduced amount sent20: light is a kind of energy sent21: darker objects absorb more light than light colored objects sent22: brightness means amount of light sent23: a sheet of is similar to a piece of sent24: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent25: a sheet of construction paper is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sheet of construction paper is a kind of object [AND] black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight [INFER] int1: a black sheet of construction paper will absorb the most amount of sunlight
Question: When placed in direct sunlight, which object will absorb the most visible light energy?
Answer: a black sweater
Hypothesis: a black sweater will absorb all visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: to put on means to wear sent2: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent3: if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light sent4: as a source of light becomes closer , the light will appear brighter sent5: sunlight contains ultraviolet light sent6: light is a kind of energy sent7: receiving sunlight is synonymous with absorbing sunlight sent8: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent9: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent10: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent11: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent12: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent13: an article of clothing is a kind of object sent14: human eyes can only see light in the range of visible light sent15: different types of light have different wavelengths sent16: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent17: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent18: white objects absorb the least amount of sunlight sent19: sunlight is made of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light sent20: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent21: sunlight means solar energy sent22: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent23: a white object reflects all visible light sent24: when a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun , that hemisphere receives more direct sunlight sent25: a sweater is a kind of article of clothing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an article of clothing is a kind of object [AND] a sweater is a kind of article of clothing [INFER] int1: a sweater is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat [INFER] int2: a black sweater will absorb all visible light
Question: Why is it better to wear a white T-shirt than a dark blue T-shirt in the summer?
Answer: Light-colored clothes reflect more sunlight than dark-colored clothes.
Hypothesis: the white t-shirt is likely to be cooler than dark blue t-shirt
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object is blue then that object reflects only blue light sent2: rays of the sun means sunlight sent3: if an object reflects more sunlight, than the object is more likely to stay cool sent4: white objects absorb the least amount of sunlight sent5: the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight sent6: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent7: black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight sent8: a blue object reflects only blue light sent9: dark means dark in color sent10: there is a dark blue t-shirt sent11: t-shirt is a kind of object sent12: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent13: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent14: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent15: blue is a kind of color sent16: if something absorbs / requires more heat than it gives off in an reaction , then something will be cold in temperature sent17: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent18: as the sunlight absorbed by the object increases , the temperature of the object will increase more sent19: there is a white t-shirt sent20: white light is made of all colors of visible light combined sent21: non-black objects absorb less amount of sunlight than black objects sent22: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent23: to be in the sun means to be in the sunlight sent24: white is light in color sent25: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue is a kind of color [AND] dark means dark in color [INFER] int1: dark blue is dark in color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase [AND] white is light in color [INFER] int2: white colored object will reflect more light than the dark blue object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] there is a dark blue t-shirt [AND] t-shirt is a kind of object [AND] there is a white t-shirt [INFER] int3: the white t-shirt will reflect more light than the dark blue t-shirt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if an object reflects more sunlight, than the object is more likely to stay cool [INFER] int4: the white t-shirt is likely to be cooler than dark blue t-shirt
Question: Many leaves appear green because the leaves
Answer: reflect green light.
Hypothesis: leaves reflect green color
Supporting facts: sent1: leaves are sometimes brown in color sent2: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent3: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent4: as the light reflected off of an object increases , the object will appear to be brighter sent5: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent6: sunlight means solar energy sent7: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent8: visible light is a kind of light sent9: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent10: light is a kind of wave sent11: if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light sent12: how something appears is how that something looks sent13: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent14: the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object sent15: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent16: appearance is a kind of physical property sent17: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent18: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent19: a surface is a part of an object sent20: light means light energy sent21: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent22: a leaf is often green in color sent23: eyes can sense / detect light energy for seeing sent24: to reflect light means to scatter light sent25: a leaf is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is often green in color [AND] a leaf is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a leaf is a green object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color [INFER] int2: leaves reflect green color
Question: Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most?
Answer: ultraviolet
Hypothesis: ultraviolet radiation is harmful to human skin
Supporting facts: sent1: intensity of sunlight is similar to amount of sunlight sent2: using solar energy decreases pollution sent3: uv mean ultraviolet sent4: bands / ranges of frequencies of light waves is called electromagnetic spectrum sent5: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent6: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent7: to prevent the occurence of an event means to decrease the occurence of the event sent8: ultraviolet radiation is ionizing sent9: ionizing radiation is harmful to human skin sent10: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent11: light means light energy sent12: sunlight contains infrared light sent13: solar radiation means solar energy sent14: harm means injury sent15: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent16: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent17: light rays means light sent18: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent19: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent20: the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight sent21: sunlight is made of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light sent22: harm means danger sent23: solar energy rarely causes pollution sent24: something dangerous can cause harm sent25: sunlight means solar energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] ultraviolet radiation is ionizing [AND] ionizing radiation is harmful to human skin [INFER] int1: ultraviolet radiation is harmful to human skin
Question: Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by
Answer: wavelength and frequency.
Hypothesis: light is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength and frequency
Supporting facts: sent1: spectrum means a range of colors sent2: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent3: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent4: a component of something means a part of that something sent5: arrangement means how something is arranged sent6: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent7: electromagnetic radiation is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength / frequency sent8: information is used to describe something sent9: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent10: visible light is a kind of light sent11: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent12: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent13: visible light makes up the smallest region / range in the electromagnetic spectrum sent14: light means light energy sent15: grouping means putting / placing in different groups sent16: sorting is similar to classifying sent17: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent18: organizing is sorting things in order by their properties sent19: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent20: light rays means light sent21: light waves travel as transverse waves sent22: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent23: both means two sent24: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent25: the properties of something are used for describing that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation [AND] electromagnetic radiation is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength / frequency [INFER] int1: light is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength and frequency
Question: Visible light is which type of wave?
Answer: electromagnetic
Hypothesis: visible light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit information through space sent2: where something comes from is a source of that something sent3: sight means to see sent4: to see means to look sent5: light is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent6: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent7: light means light energy sent8: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent9: uv light is a kind of light sent10: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent11: waves can travel through matter sent12: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent13: visible means able to be seen sent14: a type is synonymous with a kind sent15: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent16: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent17: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent18: radiation is when heat is transferred through waves / particles sent19: radiation means radiant energy sent20: light waves travel as transverse waves sent21: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent22: human eyes can only see light in the range of visible light sent23: category means kind sent24: visible light is a kind of light sent25: made up of means contains / made of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] visible light is a kind of light [AND] light is a kind of electromagnetic wave [INFER] int1: visible light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Question: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans sense without using equipment or technology?
Answer: visible light
Hypothesis: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen without using equipment
Supporting facts: sent1: light means light energy sent2: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent3: not visible means cannot be seen sent4: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent5: sense is used for obtaining information about one 's environment sent6: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent7: visible light can be seen without using equipment sent8: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent9: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent10: to see means to look sent11: visible means able to be seen sent12: a retina is part of an eye for sensing light sent13: difficulty seeing means visibility decreases sent14: spectrum means a range of colors sent15: sight means vision sent16: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent17: useful means able to be used sent18: different types of light have different wavelengths sent19: better senses have a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent20: finding something requires sensing that something sent21: the eyes are part of the head used for seeing sent22: lab equipment is often used for measuring / observing sent23: feeling is when an living thing senses through touch sent24: can means having the ability to sent25: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] visible light can be seen without using equipment [AND] visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum [INFER] int1: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen without using equipment