ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks?
Answer: oceans
Hypothesis: most of the formation of organic rocks in the hydroshpere occurs in the oceans
Supporting facts: sent1: the formation of something is a kind of process sent2: sea means ocean sent3: oceans are the source of most of water vapor in the atmosphere sent4: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent5: a body of water is a source of water sent6: marine means relating to the sea sent7: empty into a body of water means enters a body of water sent8: bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth sent9: earth contains water / ice / (steam, water vapor) sent10: ocean is the largest body of water on earth sent11: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent12: seawater is a kind of salt water sent13: if something exists on a surface then that surface contains that something sent14: a body of water contains water sent15: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent16: most means over 50% of something sent17: the surface of the earth is made of 70% ocean sent18: the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean sent19: the ocean system is a kind of system sent20: the hydrosphere is a thin layer of water covering the earth 's surface sent21: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent22: something that contains water is similar to a body of water sent23: under water means covered by water / in water sent24: part means role sent25: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] most means over 50% of something [AND] the surface of the earth is made of 70% ocean [INFER] int1: most of earth's surface is made of oceans [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the hydrosphere is a thin layer of water covering the earth 's surface [INFER] int2: most of the hydroshpere is made of oceans [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean [INFER] int3: most of the formation of organic rocks in the hydroshpere occurs in the oceans
Question: Granite is an igneous rock. Which of these describes what usually happens to granite after it is weathered, broken into small particles, buried deep underground, and compacted?
Answer: The granite becomes a new rock type.
Hypothesis: the granite will become a new rock
Supporting facts: sent1: the sediment from the granite is buried and compacted sent2: to make means to form sent3: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent4: magma is extremely high in temperature sent5: if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process sent6: the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks sent7: compaction means the process of compacting sent8: breaking down an object changes that object 's shape / that object 's mass sent9: in the formation of sedimentary rock , burying the sediments follows depositing the sediments sent10: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent11: to transform means to convert sent12: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed sent13: if granite is broken down into sediment sent14: in the formation of sedimentary rock , erosion is the first stage sent15: the rock cycle is a cyclical process, with stages of formation, weathering, erosion sent16: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent17: the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction sent18: becoming is similar to forming sent19: sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation sent20: becoming is similar to changing sent21: formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks sent22: sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together sent23: to cause the formation of means to form sent24: sometimes weathering smooths / rounds rocks sent25: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sediment from the granite is buried and compacted [AND] if granite is broken down into sediment [INFER] int1: granite is broken down into sediment that is buried and compacted [BECAUSE] the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction [AND] if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int2: forming sedimentary rock requires burying [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] in the formation of sedimentary rock , burying the sediments follows depositing the sediments [INFER] int3: forming sedimentary rock requires burying sediments [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together [INFER] int4: sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment being buried and compacted [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks [INFER] int5: in the rock cycle, new rocks can be formed by sediment being buried and compacted [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the granite will become a new rock
Question: Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?
Answer: heat from magma
Hypothesis: heat from magma can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Supporting facts: sent1: class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous sent2: alteration means change sent3: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent4: adding heat means increasing temperature sent5: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent6: heat is a kind of energy sent7: high temperatures can cause an object to combust sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: phase means state sent10: as rocks are buried deeper below other rocks , the pressure / heat on that rock will increase sent11: magma is extremely high in temperature sent12: metamorphosis means complete metamorphosis sent13: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent14: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent15: warm up means increase temperature sent16: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent17: metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure sent18: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent19: chemical weathering means chemical reaction causes the weathering of rocks sent20: heat energy can change the state of matter sent21: the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized sent22: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent23: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent24: the formation of metamorphic rock is a stage in the formation process of rock cycle sent25: increasing heat causes thermal expansion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] magma is extremely high in temperature [AND] metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [INFER] int1: heat from magma can change a rock into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sedimentary rock is a kind of rock [INFER] int2: heat from magma can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Question: When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat energy is in the process of changing igneous rock to metamorphic rock
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent2: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent3: adding heat means increasing temperature sent4: change is a kind of process sent5: phase means state sent6: metamorphosis means complete metamorphosis sent7: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent8: heat is a kind of energy sent9: high temperatures can cause an object to combust sent10: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent11: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent12: heat means heat energy sent13: to convert means to change sent14: to change into means to form sent15: alteration means change sent16: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock sent17: to change means to cause a change sent18: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent19: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods sent20: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent21: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent22: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent23: magma is a kind of hot rock sent24: warm up means increase temperature sent25: magma is extremely high in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock [AND] heat is a kind of energy [INFER] int1: exposure to heat energy can change igneous rock into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] change is a kind of process [INFER] int2: heat energy is in the process of changing igneous rock to metamorphic rock
Question: Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?
Answer: Igneous rock
Hypothesis: pumice is a kind of igneous rock
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent2: igneous rocks are formed by lava cooling sent3: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent4: warm up means increase temperature sent5: as it gets closer to the center of the earth , the temperature of the layer will become hotter sent6: pumice is formed when lava cools sent7: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent8: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else sent9: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent10: phase means state sent11: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent12: heating means adding heat sent13: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent14: if a hot object / substance is exposed to / touches a cold object / substance then that object / that substance will likely cool sent15: lava is found above the ground sent16: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent17: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent18: warm means medium heat energy / temperature sent19: cool means cold sent20: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods sent21: adding heat means increasing temperature sent22: cooler means colder sent23: colder / cooler means lower in temperature sent24: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent25: magma is extremely high in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] igneous rocks are formed by lava cooling [AND] pumice is formed when lava cools [INFER] int1: pumice is a kind of igneous rock
Question: Where is an igneous rock such as pumice most likely formed?
Answer: near a volcano
Hypothesis: pumice is likely formed near a volcano
Supporting facts: sent1: the air pockets in pumice cause pumice to float in water sent2: to emit means to release sent3: cooling is a kind of change sent4: near means close sent5: if something is formed by a material changing then that something is formed from that material sent6: magma is extremely high in temperature sent7: igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing sent8: to be formed means to be originated sent9: usually something can be found near a source in greater concentrations sent10: volcanoes are formed by converging boundaries of tectonic plates sent11: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent12: where something comes from is a source of that something sent13: near means local sent14: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed sent15: lava is a kind of material sent16: nearby is similar to near sent17: lava is found above the ground sent18: place is synonymous with location sent19: new land can be formed by volcanoes erupting by lava cooling sent20: pumice is a kind of igneous rock sent21: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent22: a volcano is a source of magma / lava sent23: place / location is synonymous with position sent24: if something usually happens then that something is likely to happen sent25: the location of an object can be used to describe that object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pumice is a kind of igneous rock [AND] igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing [INFER] int1: pumice is formed by lava cooling [BECAUSE] lava is a kind of material [AND] if something is formed by a material changing then that something is formed from that material [INFER] int2: if something is formed by lava changing then that something is formed from lava [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cooling is a kind of change [INFER] int3: if something is formed by lava cooling then that something is formed from lava [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: pumice is formed from lava [BECAUSE] a volcano is a source of magma / lava [AND] usually something can be found near a source in greater concentrations [INFER] int5: usually lava can be found near a volcano [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something usually happens then that something is likely to happen [INFER] int6: lava can likely be found near a volcano [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: pumice is likely formed near a volcano
Question: In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must
Answer: be formed from magma.
Hypothesis: a rock can be classified as igneous if it was formed from magma
Supporting facts: sent1: classifying is a kind of science process sent2: rock means stone sent3: sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation sent4: being derived from is similar to being formed sent5: to be formed by is to be the result of sent6: classify is similar to characterize sent7: a class of something means a type of something sent8: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent9: igneous rocks are formed by magma cooling / crystallizing sent10: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent11: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed sent12: sorting is similar to classifying sent13: to be formed means to be originated sent14: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent15: differentiate is similar to classify sent16: to cause the formation of means to form sent17: to categorize means to classify sent18: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent19: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent20: to make means to form sent21: magma is extremely high in temperature sent22: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent23: the formation of rock is a kind of process sent24: must have means require sent25: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a class of something means a type of something [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [INFER] int1: classifying is when one sorts something by class [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int2: rocks can be classified based on how they were formed [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] igneous rocks are formed by magma cooling / crystallizing [INFER] int3: a rock can be classified as igneous if it was formed from magma
Question: Which characteristic property indicates that igneous rock cools slowly?
Answer: crystal size
Hypothesis: crystal size is a property of a rock that indicates whether a rock cooled slowly
Supporting facts: sent1: characteristic means property sent2: variability of shape / variability of volume is a kind of physical property sent3: faster means increased rate sent4: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent5: if something affects something else then that something else indicates whether that something happened sent6: rapidly means quickly sent7: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent8: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent9: fast means quickly sent10: variability of shape / variability of volume is a property of matter and includes values of variable / definite sent11: if something causes something else then that something affects that something else sent12: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent13: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent14: more quickly is similar to increased rate sent15: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent16: quickly means in a short period of time sent17: cool means cold sent18: being made of crystals is synonymous with having a crystal structure sent19: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent20: rate is a kind of measurement of speed sent21: rapidly is similar to fast sent22: as the rate of rocks cooling decreases , the crystal size of the rock will increase sent23: gradual means slow / over time sent24: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent25: crystal size is a property of rocks and includes values of small / large
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rate is a kind of measurement of speed [AND] as the rate of rocks cooling decreases , the crystal size of the rock will increase [INFER] int1: as the speed of rocks cooling decreases, the crystal size of the rock will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to slow / to slow down decreases speed [INFER] int2: a rock cooling slowly causes the crystal size of the rock to increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something causes something else then that something affects that something else [INFER] int3: a rock cooling slowly affects the crystal size of the rock [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something affects something else then that something else indicates whether that something happened [INFER] int4: the crystal size of a rock indicates whether the rock cooled slowly [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] crystal size is a property of rocks and includes values of small / large [INFER] int5: crystal size is a property of a rock that indicates whether a rock cooled slowly
Question: Which type of rock is formed from limestone that has been compacted, heated, and recrystallized?
Answer: marble
Hypothesis: marble is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized
Supporting facts: sent1: rock means stone sent2: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods sent5: alteration means change sent6: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent7: phase means state sent8: the formation of metamorphic rock is a stage in the formation process of rock cycle sent9: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent10: marble is a kind of metamorphic rock sent11: if something changes into something else then that something else is formed from that something sent12: nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock sent13: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock sent14: to decompose means to separate sent15: limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock sent16: decomposing is similar to separating sent17: the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized sent18: to decompose means to decay sent19: compaction means the process of compacting sent20: a type is synonymous with a kind sent21: state means form sent22: the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction sent23: the rock cycle is a cyclical process, with stages of formation, weathering, erosion sent24: shale can be metamorphosed into slate by increased pressure sent25: age is a property of rocks
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something changes into something else then that something else is formed from that something [AND] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock [INFER] int1: metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized [INFER] int2: metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock being compacted, heated, and recrystallized [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int3: metamorphic rock is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] marble is a kind of metamorphic rock [INFER] int4: marble is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized
Question: Which type of rock is formed when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure?
Answer: marble
Hypothesis: marble can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure
Supporting facts: sent1: marble is a kind of metamorphic rock sent2: phase means state sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: shale can be metamorphosed into slate by increased pressure sent5: the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction sent6: limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock sent7: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent8: to be exposed to something means to be subjected to something sent9: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else sent10: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent11: the formation of something is a kind of process sent12: adding heat means increasing temperature sent13: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent14: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent15: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent16: metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure sent17: igneous intrusion is a kind of geologic process sent18: rock means stone sent19: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent20: heat means heat energy sent21: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent22: nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock sent23: intense heat has a negative impact on an organism sent24: the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized sent25: alteration means change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sedimentary rock is a kind of rock [AND] metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [INFER] int1: metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to be exposed to something means to be subjected to something [INFER] int2: metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being subjected to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int3: metamorphic rocks can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] marble is a kind of metamorphic rock [INFER] int4: marble can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure