ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which part of a plant cell is responsible for controlling the activities of the other parts of the cell?
Answer: Nucleus
Hypothesis: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Supporting facts: sent1: part means role sent2: controlling insects means killing insects sent3: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent4: regulating is a kind of function sent5: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent6: if part of the whole has electric charge , then that part of the object will be responsible for the electric charge of the object sent7: to inhibit means to prevent sent8: to act on means to affect sent9: purpose means role sent10: including means containing sent11: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent12: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent13: contains means located in sent14: regulation is when an organism maintains a stable internal environment sent15: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent16: determining is similar to controlling sent17: cell activity means cell process sent18: a part of something is present in that something sent19: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent20: the nucleus contains genetic material for reproduction sent21: role is similar to importance sent22: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent23: role means function sent24: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent25: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Question: The structures found in a living cell can be compared to the parts of a factory that produces cars. Which part of the factory is most similar to the nucleus of a living cell?
Answer: the computer room that controls the assembly process
Hypothesis: a computer room in a factory has a similar function to the cell nucleus in controlling the functions
Supporting facts: sent1: manufacture means make sent2: similar means in common sent3: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent4: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent5: a computer room is used to control the assembly process in a factory sent6: cell activity means cell process sent7: living things perform biological processes sent8: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent9: a computer is used for communication / finding information sent10: manufacturing means making sent11: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent12: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent13: function is similar to purpose sent14: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent15: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent16: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent17: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent18: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent19: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent20: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent21: role means function sent22: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent23: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent24: controlling is a kind of function sent25: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] controlling is a kind of function [AND] the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell [AND] a computer room is used to control the assembly process in a factory [INFER] int1: a computer room in a factory has a similar function to the cell nucleus in controlling the functions
Question: When the cells in an organism divide and reproduce, the organism can grow. Which cell organelle contains the genetic material for reproduction?
Answer: the nucleus
Hypothesis: the nucleus is the cell organelle that contains genetic material for reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: containing something is similar to providing that something sent2: including means containing sent3: the nucleus contains genetic material for reproduction sent4: where something comes from is a source of that something sent5: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent6: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent7: growing is a kind of activity sent8: to contain something means to have that something sent9: can means having the ability to sent10: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent11: material means substance sent12: an organism is a living thing sent13: both means two sent14: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent15: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent16: the nucleus is the core / center of an atom sent17: growing is a kind of process sent18: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent19: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent20: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent21: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent22: cell division means cell reproduction sent23: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent24: contains means located in sent25: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle [AND] the nucleus contains genetic material for reproduction [INFER] int1: the nucleus is the cell organelle that contains genetic material for reproduction
Question: When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called?
Answer: fusion
Hypothesis: the process is nulcear fusion
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent2: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent3: taking in and releasing means exchanging sent4: increase means more sent5: nuclear fusion increases the mass through fusing two nuclei together into one sent6: causing is similar to generating sent7: to emit means to release sent8: mass is a kind of physical property sent9: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent10: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent11: proton is a kind of subatomic particles sent12: nuclear fusion is a kind of process sent13: to cause means to result in sent14: releasing energy is a kind of function sent15: producing is similar to releasing sent16: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent17: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent18: phase means state sent19: nulear fusion releases a large amount of energy sent20: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent21: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent22: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent23: approximately means about sent24: mass is a kind of information sent25: a process combines two nuclei into one and releases a large amount of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nuclear fusion is a kind of process [AND] nulear fusion releases a large amount of energy [AND] nuclear fusion increases the mass through fusing two nuclei together into one [INFER] int1: nulcear fusion is a process that fuses two nuclei into one and releases large amount of energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a process combines two nuclei into one and releases a large amount of energy [INFER] int2: the process is nulcear fusion
Question: Which cell can survive without the help of other cells?
Answer: yeast cell
Hypothesis: a yeast cell can survive without the help of other cells
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent2: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent3: cells working together requires cells to specialize sent4: using resources decreases those resources sent5: to enable is to help sent6: requiring something means needing that something sent7: survive means live sent8: to help means to aid sent9: a yeast cell is a kind of single cell organism sent10: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: a single-celled organism is made of only one cell sent13: requiring is similar to needing help sent14: a single-cell organism can survive without the help of other cells sent15: cell activity means cell process sent16: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent17: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent18: can means having the ability to sent19: survival means to survive sent20: survive means live sent21: cannot means not be able to sent22: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent23: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive sent24: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent25: protecting is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a single-cell organism can survive without the help of other cells [AND] a yeast cell is a kind of single cell organism [INFER] int1: a yeast cell can survive without the help of other cells
Question: Which characteristic do single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have in common?
Answer: Both have a way to get rid of waste materials.
Hypothesis: both multicelluar organism and singe-cell organism can get rid of waste materials
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent2: protecting is a kind of function sent3: characteristic means property sent4: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent5: similar means in common sent6: a single-celled organism is a kind of living thing sent7: living things perform biological processes sent8: an organism is a living thing sent9: single means one sent10: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage sent13: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent14: a function is an activity sent15: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent16: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent17: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent18: all living things eliminate waste sent19: processes sometimes produce waste products sent20: both means two sent21: the ability to do means be able to do sent22: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent23: a multicellular organism is a kind of living thing sent24: eliminating waste means getting rid of waste materials sent25: garbage means waste
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all living things eliminate waste [AND] a multicellular organism is a kind of living thing [AND] a single-celled organism is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: both multicelluar organism and singe-cell organism eliminate waste [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] eliminating waste means getting rid of waste materials [INFER] int2: both multicelluar organism and singe-cell organism can get rid of waste materials
Question: Which protist is a bi-flagellate autotroph?
Answer: volvox
Hypothesis: volvox is a protist that is a bi-flagellate autotroph
Supporting facts: sent1: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent2: volvox is a bi-flagellate autotroph sent3: unit is similar to part sent4: volvox is a kind of protist sent5: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent6: composed of means made of sent7: to change into means to form sent8: including means containing sent9: to make means to form sent10: category means kind sent11: similar means in common sent12: a type is synonymous with a kind sent13: to convert means to change sent14: where something comes from is a source of that something sent15: a whole is formed by its parts sent16: both means two sent17: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent18: contains means located in sent19: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent20: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent21: made of is similar to contains sent22: to be found in means to be contained in sent23: to be believed to be is similar to maybe sent24: a part of something is present in that something sent25: characteristic means property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] volvox is a bi-flagellate autotroph [AND] volvox is a kind of protist [INFER] int1: volvox is a protist that is a bi-flagellate autotroph
Question: Which characteristic can an amoeba change that a paramecium cannot change?
Answer: shape
Hypothesis: an amoeba can change its shape but a paramecium cannot change its shape
Supporting facts: sent1: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent2: change is a kind of process sent3: substances are made of matter sent4: a structure is a kind of feature sent5: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent6: a change is a kind of difference sent7: cannot means not be able to sent8: to change means to have an effect sent9: to change means to cause a change sent10: to change into means to form sent11: shape is a kind of physical property sent12: if something changes , then that something is not the same sent13: a paramecium cannot change its shape sent14: can means having the ability to sent15: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent16: to change means to become different sent17: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent18: ability is a kind of characteristic sent19: existence is similar to living sent20: to remain means to not change sent21: to be found in means to be contained in sent22: an amoeba can change its shape sent23: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent24: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent25: can be means able to be
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a paramecium cannot change its shape [AND] an amoeba can change its shape [INFER] int1: an amoeba can change its shape but a paramecium cannot change its shape
Question: Which part of a pine tree makes food?
Answer: needle
Hypothesis: the needle of a pine tree makes food for pine trees by photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent2: a tree contains wood sent3: food contains carbohydrates sent4: where something comes from is a source of that something sent5: the photosynthetic life performs photosynthesis sent6: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent7: a seed is a kind of food for birds sent8: a leaf is a part of a plant sent9: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent10: a pine tree is a kind of plant sent11: plants are a source of fibers sent12: a source of something supplies that something sent13: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis sent14: if something contains something , then something is able to provide something sent15: part means role sent16: an oak is a kind of tree sent17: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent18: a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange sent19: to produce means to provide sent20: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent21: a needle is a part of a pine tree sent22: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent23: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent24: in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide / water / sunlight has the role of raw material sent25: a needle is the leaf of a pine tree
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange [AND] a leaf is a part of a plant [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int1: the leaf part of a plant makes food by photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a pine tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int2: the leaf part of a pine tree makes food by photosynthesis [BECAUSE] a needle is a part of a pine tree [AND] a needle is the leaf of a pine tree [INFER] int3: a needle is the leaf part of a pine tree [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the needle of a pine tree makes food for pine trees by photosynthesis
Question: The BEST way to tell the DIFFERENCE between an oak and a maple tree is to compare the
Answer: shape of the leaves.
Hypothesis: we can tell the difference of oak trees and maple trees by the shape of their leaves
Supporting facts: sent1: shape is a kind of physical property sent2: the texture of an object can sometimes be told by looking at the object sent3: classifying is similar to telling the difference sent4: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent5: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent6: characteristic means property sent7: to distinguish means to tell the difference between sent8: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent9: the shape of an object can be discovered through feeling that object / touching that object sent10: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent11: matter in the solid phase has definite shape sent12: trees of different species have differently shaped leaves sent13: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent14: if something is definite in shape then that something will not change shape easily sent15: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent16: a leaf is a part of a tree sent17: subtraction can be used to find the difference between two things sent18: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent19: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike sent20: structure is similar to shape sent21: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent22: an oak is a kind of tree sent23: a maple tree is a kind of tree sent24: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent25: shape of the parts of something is a property of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a tree [AND] an oak is a kind of tree [AND] shape of the parts of something is a property of that something [INFER] int1: the shape of oak trees leaves is a property of oak trees [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a tree [AND] a maple tree is a kind of tree [AND] shape of the parts of something is a property of that something [INFER] int2: the shape of maple trees leaves is a property of maple trees [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] trees of different species have differently shaped leaves [INFER] int3: oak trees and maple trees have leaves of different shapes properties [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties [INFER] int4: oak trees and maple trees can be classified by the shape of their leaves [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] classifying is similar to telling the difference [INFER] int5: we can tell the difference of oak trees and maple trees by the shape of their leaves
Question: Jeremiah noticed a plant had many missing leaves and large holes in other leaves. Why do missing leaves hurt the plant?
Answer: The plant makes less food.
Hypothesis: making less food has a negative impact on the plant
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent2: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent3: removing an inhibitor of a process causes that process sent4: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis sent5: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent6: decomposition increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in the soil sent7: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent8: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent9: decreasing something positive has a negative impact on a thing sent10: a leaf is a part of a plant sent11: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: plants control the amount of water in their leaves through transpiration sent14: a producer produces its own food sent15: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent16: food contains carbohydrates sent17: a plant is missing leaves sent18: to inhibit means to prevent sent19: a leaf performs photosynthesis sent20: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on the survival of the organism sent21: if a plant dies then that plant will not produce food sent22: living things eat their food source sent23: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent24: a plant / living thing requires food for survival sent25: a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a plant [AND] a leaf performs photosynthesis [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int1: leaves of plant make food by performing photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is missing leaves [INFER] int2: the plant will make less food [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant / living thing requires food for survival [INFER] int3: the food the plant requires to survive will be less [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on the survival of the organism [INFER] int4: making less food has a negative impact on the plant