ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which conclusion is best supported by a tree-growth ring that is much narrower than the other growth rings?
Answer: One year was unusually dry.
Hypothesis: a narrow tree-growth ring indicates a dry year
Supporting facts: sent1: rainfall means precipitation sent2: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent3: a plant requires water to grow sent4: tree rings can be used to provide evidence of the changes in climate sent5: precipitation is when water falls from the sky sent6: drying up means losing all water sent7: a tree growing a tree-growth ring occurs once per year sent8: if water vapor is limited to reach a location , then that location will be dry sent9: measures of length / measures of distance are used to measure the amount of rainfall sent10: as the amount of rainfall increases , the rate of chemical weathering will increase sent11: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent12: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent13: rainy is a kind of weather sent14: lack of moisture in the air causes low amounts of rainfall sent15: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent16: damp means a large amount of water sent17: rainfall means the amount of precipitation sent18: dry environments result in narrow tree-growth rings sent19: width is a property of size / shape and includes ordered values of narrow / wide sent20: rain is a kind of water sent21: as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower sent22: precipitation is a kind of weather sent23: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent24: if something causes something else then the result of that something else indicate the properties of that something sent25: an area receiving rain means rain falling in that area
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] width is a property of size / shape and includes ordered values of narrow / wide [AND] as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower [INFER] int1: as the amount of available water decreases, the width of tree-growth rings becomes narrower [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else then the result of that something else indicate the properties of that something [INFER] int2: the width of a tree-growth ring indicates the amount of available water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a tree growing a tree-growth ring occurs once per year [INFER] int3: the width of tree-growth rings indicate the amount of water available during the year they were formed [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] dry environments result in narrow tree-growth rings [INFER] int4: a narrow tree-growth ring indicates a dry year
Question: Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert?
Answer: conserving water
Hypothesis: living things in a desert environment must conserve water to survive
Supporting facts: sent1: if the amount of available food and water decreases in an environment then animals may leave that environment to find food and water sent2: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent3: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: requiring something means needing that something sent6: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent7: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent8: as the amount of rainfall increases in an area , the amount of available water in that area will increase sent9: if something required by an organism is depleted then that organism must replenish that something sent10: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent11: water is a kind of natural resource sent12: living things require water for survival sent13: survival means to survive sent14: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent15: as temperature in an environment decreases , the amount of water an animal in that environment will lose will decrease sent16: organisms require liquid water to survive sent17: survive means live sent18: the ability to do means be able to do sent19: storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment sent20: a desert environment is a dry environment sent21: drinking is a kind of water use sent22: if a plant / crop requires less water then that plant / crop will survive in a drought sent23: using less of a resource means conserving that resource sent24: survive means live sent25: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of natural resource [AND] living things require water for survival [INFER] int1: water is a kind of resource that living things require for survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources [INFER] int2: when the availability of water decreases in an environment, living things in that environment must conserve water to survive [BECAUSE] a desert environment is a dry environment [AND] a dry environment is low in availability of water [INFER] int3: a desert environment is low in availability of water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: living things in a desert environment must conserve water to survive
Question: Which adaptive feature most helps a baby jaguar survive the first few weeks of life?
Answer: being born during spring months
Hypothesis: being born in the spring has a positive impact on an animal's survival
Supporting facts: sent1: a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures sent2: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent3: life means living things sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: survive means live sent6: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent7: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent8: survival means to survive sent9: a living thing surviving has a positive impact on that living thing 's ability to compete for resources sent10: survive means live sent11: staying warm has a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health sent12: the ability to access / to acquire / to find resources has a positive impact on an organism 's survival / health sent13: having a positive impact on health / survival is synonymous with helping to keep healthy sent14: a baby means the offspring of a parent sent15: newborn means just born sent16: spring increases the amount of available food in an environment sent17: an animal being born when temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal 's survival sent18: spring follows winter sent19: spring has warm temperatures / weather sent20: summer has the most sunlight sent21: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent22: an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's survival sent23: an animal usually requires a warm body temperature for survival sent24: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent25: an animal requires warmth for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal being born when temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal 's survival [AND] an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's survival [INFER] int1: an animal being born when food is available and temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal's survival [BECAUSE] spring increases the amount of available food in an environment [AND] spring has warm temperatures / weather [INFER] int2: spring has warm temperatures and an increased availability of food in an environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: being born in the spring has a positive impact on an animal's survival
Question: Which animal is preparing for a seasonal change in the environment?
Answer: a squirrel storing nuts
Hypothesis: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an squirrel storing nuts for the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: a squirrel is a kind of animal sent2: if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter sent3: to store means to hold sent4: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent5: to contain something means to have that something sent6: seasons cause change to the environment sent7: cold environments usually have little food for animals sent8: plants are a source of food for animals sent9: an animal requires enough nutrients to survive sent10: an example of preparing is storing something for use later sent11: usually plants die or become dormant during the winter sent12: contain is similar to store sent13: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent14: survival means to survive sent15: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent16: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent17: to carry something means to contain something sent18: keeping is similar to storing sent19: to conserve means to not change sent20: keeping food cold is used for keeping food fresh sent21: nut is a kind of food sent22: food spoiling has a negative impact on storing that food sent23: seasonal changes are made in response to changes in the environment sent24: winter is a kind of season sent25: eating food is used to get nutrients by animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter is a kind of season [AND] seasons cause change to the environment [INFER] int1: the winter season can cause change to the environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] usually plants die or become dormant during the winter [INFER] int2: an example of a seasonal change is plants dying or becoming dormant in the winter [BECAUSE] eating food is used to get nutrients by animals [AND] an animal requires enough nutrients to survive [INFER] int3: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plants are a source of food for animals [INFER] int4: an animal can eat plants for nutrients [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an example of seasonal change is some animals' food dying in the winter [BECAUSE] an example of preparing is storing something for use later [AND] if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter [INFER] int6: an example of preparing is an animal storing food to last through the winter [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an animal storing food for the winter [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a squirrel is a kind of animal [INFER] int8: an example of preparing for seasonal change is a squirrel storing food for the winter [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] nut is a kind of food [INFER] int9: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an squirrel storing nuts for the winter
Question: Which best explains why some reptiles and amphibians lay an abundance of eggs?
Answer: It increases the chance of some eggs surviving to hatch.
Hypothesis: as the number of eggs laid by an animal increases , the number of eggs that will hatch will increase
Supporting facts: sent1: laying eggs is a kind of property of an animal sent2: 100% probability means always sent3: chance means likelihood sent4: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent5: population increase means more survive sent6: if something has a positive impact on an organism 's growth then that something increases the population of that organism sent7: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent8: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent9: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive sent10: as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase sent11: some animals have offspring by laying eggs sent12: if members of a species are born / survive then the population of that species increases sent13: amount is similar to abundance sent14: as the ability of a living thing to survive / to reproduce increases , the likelihood of passing on its traits to its decendents will increase sent15: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent16: how many means what number sent17: greater means higher / more in value sent18: increase means more sent19: offspring are a kind of group of organisms sent20: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent21: survival means to survive sent22: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent23: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent24: to add means to increase sent25: more likely means increased likelihood
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase [AND] offspring are a kind of group of organisms [INFER] int1: as the number of offspring an animal has increases , the number of offspring surviving will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] some animals have offspring by laying eggs [INFER] int2: as the number of eggs laid by an animal increases , the number of eggs that will hatch will increase
Question: Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?
Answer: A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.
Hypothesis: howling is used by wolves to establish a territory
Supporting facts: sent1: howling is a kind of sound sent2: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent3: sound can be used for communication by animals sent4: warning is a kind of communication sent5: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent6: an instinctive behavior is a kind of inherited characteristic / behavioral adaptation sent7: staying means not changing sent8: to inhibit means to prevent sent9: can means having the ability to sent10: animals usually keep away from danger or problems sent11: hearing is a kind of sense sent12: warning can be used to indicate danger or problems sent13: an animal is a member of an animal species sent14: establishing a territory requires keeping other animals away sent15: bark is a kind of sound sent16: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent17: actions mean behavior sent18: animal instinct means instinctive behavior sent19: a warning is used to warn animals sent20: something is used for that something 's purpose sent21: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent22: a wolf is a kind of animal sent23: to move away means to increase distance sent24: moving away from the source increases the distance sent25: sensing a warning means receiving a warning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] establishing a territory requires keeping other animals away [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: establishing a territory can require keeping other wolves away [BECAUSE] howling is a kind of sound [AND] sound can be used for communication by animals [INFER] int2: howling is used for communication by animals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: howling can be used for communication by wolves [BECAUSE] a warning is used to warn animals [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: a warning can be used to warn wolves [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] warning is a kind of communication [INFER] int5: warning is a kind of communication that can be used to warn wolves [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: howling is used to warn other wolves by wolves [BECAUSE] animals usually keep away from danger or problems [AND] warning can be used to indicate danger or problems [INFER] int7: warning can be used to keep animals away [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int8: warning can be used to keep wolves away [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: howling is used by wolves to keep other wolves away [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: howling is used by wolves to establish a territory
Question: Many birds fly south for the winter. This adaptation is called
Answer: migration
Hypothesis: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: flight is similar to a movement in the air made by an airplane sent2: how many means what number sent3: winter follows fall sent4: if a jet stream moves south of a location then that location will experience cold weather sent5: flying is a kind of locomotion sent6: adaptations are used for survival sent7: wings are a part of a bird sent8: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic sent9: winter is when a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun sent10: winter means environmental temperature decreases sent11: an adaptation is a kind of change sent12: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent13: motion / movement means moving / to move sent14: many means high in number sent15: birds fly south for the winter sent16: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent17: moving away from the source increases the distance sent18: an animal requires warmth for survival sent19: adult birds usually fly sent20: returning is similar to bringing sent21: moving is similar to travelling sent22: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent23: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter sent24: travel means to move sent25: earth 's magnetic patterns are used for finding locations by animals that migrate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter means environmental temperature decreases [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int1: animals must move to a warmer environment in the winter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int2: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Question: Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of
Answer: migration
Hypothesis: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: moving is similar to travelling sent2: earth 's magnetic patterns are used for finding locations by animals that migrate sent3: winter follows fall sent4: winter means environmental / outdoor temperature decreases sent5: an animal requires warmth for survival sent6: adult birds usually fly sent7: moving away from the source increases the distance sent8: birds fly south for the winter sent9: snow is cold sent10: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter sent11: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent12: flying is a kind of locomotion sent13: flight is similar to a movement in the air made by an airplane sent14: to pass means to occur sent15: to pass means to travel sent16: if a jet stream moves south of a location then that location will experience cold weather sent17: to reach somewhere requires traveling sent18: winter has cold temperatures sent19: years are a kind of unit for measuring time sent20: temperature is a property of the environment sent21: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent22: travel means to move sent23: wings are a part of a bird sent24: winter is when a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun sent25: motion / movement means moving / to move
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter has cold temperatures [AND] temperature is a property of the environment [INFER] int1: winter means cold environmental temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int2: animals must move to a warmer environment during the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int4: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Question: Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
Answer: a bird migrating south
Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation is birds migrating south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: to pass means to travel sent2: moving is similar to travelling sent3: to become is similar to change into sent4: travel means to move sent5: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent6: adapt is similar to evolve sent7: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic sent8: to change means to cause a change sent9: behavioral adaptation has a positive impact on the population / the survival / the reproduction of a species / of individual organisms sent10: an environment is similar to an ecosystem sent11: to change means to have an effect sent12: an animal requires warmth for survival sent13: habitat is similar to environment sent14: organisms are a part of an environment sent15: becoming is similar to changing sent16: to change means to become different sent17: motion / movement means moving / to move sent18: winter has cold temperatures / weather sent19: climate means the average temperature / weather in an area sent20: organisms / living things live in their habitat / their home sent21: travelling quickly has a positive impact on a person 's life sent22: migration is a kind of adaptation sent23: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter sent24: the southern united states is located in low latitude area sent25: some birds fly south for the winter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter has cold temperatures / weather [AND] climate means the average temperature / weather in an area [INFER] int1: winter can cause the climate in an area to become cold [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int2: some animals must move to warmer climates in the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] some birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int4: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] migration is a kind of adaptation [INFER] int5: an example of an adaptation is birds migrating south in the winter