ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which characteristic of a bird most likely aids in obtaining food found in small places?
Answer: skinny beak
Hypothesis: a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces
Supporting facts: sent1: food is a kind of substance sent2: seeking something means trying to find / searching for something sent3: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent4: taking in something means acquiring that something sent5: in order to go inside place, something must be smaller than or similar in size to that place sent6: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent7: beneficial means helpful sent8: to obtain means to get sent9: a beak is used for catching food by some birds sent10: characteristic means property sent11: if something is required in a process then obtaining that something is a step in that process sent12: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent13: eating food requires catching food sent14: smaller means less / lower in size sent15: in order to obtain something from a place, you must be able to go inside of that place sent16: different birds have different shaped beaks sent17: skinny means small in size sent18: different birds eat different foods sent19: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent20: to gain means to obtain sent21: a positive impact is a helpful effect sent22: ability is a kind of characteristic sent23: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent24: to be helpful means to help to do sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different birds have different shaped beaks [AND] different birds eat different foods [INFER] int1: different birds have different shaped beaks and eat different foods [BECAUSE] eating food requires catching food [AND] a beak is used for catching food by some birds [INFER] int2: a beak is used for eating food by some birds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: birds with beaks of different shapes eat different foods [BECAUSE] smaller means less / lower in size [AND] skinny means small in size [INFER] int4: small and skinny describe similar sizes [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] in order to go inside place, something must be smaller than or similar in size to that place [INFER] int5: something that is skinny can go in something that is small [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] in order to obtain something from a place, you must be able to go inside of that place [INFER] int6: something skinny can obtain something from a small place [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces
Question: Frogs and salamanders compete with each other for insects. Both frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues. Which feature would most likely help both animals compete for flying insects?
Answer: sticky tongues
Hypothesis: a sticky tongue is a kind of adaptation for catching flying insects
Supporting facts: sent1: catching something is synonymous with obtaining that something sent2: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent3: saliva is a kind of substance sent4: salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues sent5: an insect is a pollinating animal sent6: if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food sent7: insects eat plants sent8: eating prey requires catching prey sent9: birds sometimes eat insects sent10: adaptations are used for survival sent11: frogs catch flying insects with their tongues sent12: if somthing is sticky then other things will become stuck to it sent13: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent14: lizards eat insects sent15: help means advantage sent16: as the population of prey decreases , competition between predators will increase sent17: sucking blood from an organism usually has a negative impact on that organism sent18: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's / an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent19: predators eat prey sent20: a predator is a kind of animal sent21: if something is stuck then it can be caught more easily sent22: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent23: insect bites cause harm to living things sent24: animals must eat to survive sent25: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] frogs catch flying insects with their tongues [AND] salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues [INFER] int1: frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues [BECAUSE] if somthing is sticky then other things will become stuck to it [AND] if something is stuck then it can be caught more easily [INFER] int2: stickyness can be used for catching things [BECAUSE] predators eat prey [AND] eating prey requires catching prey [INFER] int3: predators must catch prey to eat prey [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a predator is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: some animals must catch prey to eat [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] animals must eat to survive [INFER] int5: some animals must catch prey to survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: stickyness can be used for survival by catching things [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int7: stickyness is a kind of adaptation for catching things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: a sticky tongue is a kind of adaptation for catching flying insects
Question: Stout beardfish live in the deep ocean. They live so far down that there is no light. Which characteristic would best help stout beardfish to survive in the dark?
Answer: two whiskers that locate food
Hypothesis: whiskers have a positive impact on a fish's survival by helping it find food
Supporting facts: sent1: food is a kind of substance sent2: living things eat their food source sent3: locating means determining sent4: a resource is something that is required for survival sent5: seeking something means trying to find / searching for something sent6: the ability to find resources has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent7: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent8: whiskers are a part of some fish for feeling sent9: both means two sent10: to discover means to find sent11: food contains nutrients for living things sent12: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent13: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent14: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent15: requiring something means needing that something sent16: in order to eat food an animal must find food sent17: eating food is used to get nutrients / energy by  animals sent18: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent19: avoiding something requires sensing that something sent20: to detect means to find sent21: finding something requires sensing that something sent22: food is what an animal eats sent23: to eat means to consume food sent24: feeling is when a living thing senses through touch sent25: to be used for something means to help to do that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in order to eat food an animal must find food [AND] eating food is used to get nutrients / energy by  animals [INFER] int1: animals must find food to get nutrients / energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] finding something requires sensing that something [INFER] int2: animals must sense food to find food [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] feeling is when a living thing senses through touch [INFER] int3: feeling can be used for finding food [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] whiskers are a part of some fish for feeling [INFER] int4: whiskers are part of a fish used for finding food [BECAUSE] an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [AND] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int5: an animal requires food for survival [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a resource is something that is required for survival [INFER] int6: food is a resource for animals [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] the ability to find resources has a positive impact on an animal 's survival [INFER] int7: the ability to find food has a positive impact on an animal's survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: whiskers have a positive impact on a fish's survival by helping it find food
Question: A tuna is an ocean fish that is well adapted to catching small, fast-moving prey. Which of the following adaptations most helps a tuna swim fast to catch its prey?
Answer: large fins
Hypothesis: large fins can be used to move quickly through water in order to catch prey
Supporting facts: sent1: some animals move quickly to escape predators sent2: if an organism 's prey moves quickly then that organism may need to move quickly to catch its prey sent3: survival means to survive sent4: adaptation has a positive impact on the population / the survival / the reproduction of a species / of individual organisms sent5: swimming is a kind of skill sent6: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's / an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent7: a predator is a kind of organism sent8: a long tail / thick tail can be used to move through water by an animal sent9: fins move animals through water by pushing against water sent10: a predator usually kills its prey to eat it sent11: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent12: eating prey requires catching prey sent13: catching something is synonymous with obtaining that something sent14: a something becomes larger it is able to act upon more of something else sent15: a fish is a kind of scaled animal sent16: strong beaks / sharp beaks are a kind of adaptation for catching prey sent17: prey is a kind of animal sent18: fins are a part of aquatic animals used for moving through water sent19: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent20: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent21: a predator is a kind of animal sent22: the more water an animal's fin pushes against, the faster that animal will move through water sent23: avoiding predators is synonymous with avoiding being eaten sent24: avoiding predators / escaping predators / avoiding consumers is a kind of protection sent25: fast means quickly
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a something becomes larger it is able to act upon more of something else [AND] fins move animals through water by pushing against water [INFER] int1: the larger and animal's fin is, the more water it can push against [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the more water an animal's fin pushes against, the faster that animal will move through water [INFER] int2: the larger an animal's fin is, the faster it can move through water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fins are a part of aquatic animals used for moving through water [INFER] int3: large fins can be used to move quickly through water [BECAUSE] if an organism 's prey moves quickly then that organism may need to move quickly to catch its prey [AND] a predator is a kind of organism [INFER] int4: if a predator's prey moves quickly then that predator may need to move quickly to catch its prey [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] eating prey requires catching prey [INFER] int5: some predators move quickly to catch prey [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: large fins can be used to move quickly through water in order to catch prey
Question: Mosquitoes have adapted to detect carbon dioxide using certain sensory nerves. Mosquitoes instinctually move toward greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. What is the importance of this adaptation?
Answer: It helps mosquitoes find food.
Hypothesis: sensing carbon dioxide has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food
Supporting facts: sent1: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent2: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent3: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent4: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing sent6: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent7: mosquitos can sense carbon dioxide in the air sent8: animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling sent9: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent10: respiration releases energy sent11: sensing food has a positive impact on finding food sent12: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent13: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent14: breathing out is when animals exhale / expel carbon dioxide from their lungs into the air sent15: food contains nutrients for living things sent16: mosquitos eat blood of animals sent17: a mosquito is a kind of animal sent18: living things eat their food source sent19: concentration means amount sent20: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent21: adaptation has a positive impact on the population / the survival / the reproduction of a species / of individual organisms sent22: if something requires something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent23: in the cellular respiration / animal respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product sent24: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent25: food contains carbohydrates
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mosquitos can sense carbon dioxide in the air [AND] animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling [INFER] int1: mosquitos sense animals by sensing their carbon dioxide emissions [BECAUSE] a mosquito is a kind of animal [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: a mosquito is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int3: mosquitos eat their food source [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] mosquitos eat blood of animals [INFER] int4: animals are a source of food for mosquitos [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] sensing food has a positive impact on finding food [INFER] int5: sensing animals has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: sensing carbon dioxide has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food
Question: Which characteristic helps a fox find food?
Answer: sense of smell
Hypothesis: smell is used for finding food by foxes
Supporting facts: sent1: to detect means to find sent2: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent3: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent4: most animals avoid bad odors sent5: odor is made of gas sent6: finding something means locating that something sent7: to discover means to find sent8: sense is a kind of characteristic of an animal sent9: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent10: to help means to aid sent11: characteristic means property sent12: smell is a kind of sense sent13: odor means scent sent14: fragrance means smell sent15: a fox is a kind of animal sent16: seeking something means trying to find / searching for something sent17: avoiding something requires sensing that something sent18: a nose is a part of a body sent19: smell means scent sent20: odor is a property of gas sent21: smell is used for detecting odor sent22: trait means property sent23: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent24: if a substance has a strong odor , then the substance has a high concentration of odor sent25: food can be a source of an odor
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] smell is used for detecting odor [AND] food can be a source of an odor [INFER] int1: smell can be used to detect food odors [BECAUSE] smell is a kind of sense [AND] sense is a kind of characteristic of an animal [INFER] int2: smell is a kind of characteristic of some animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: smell is used for finding food by some animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a fox is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: smell is used for finding food by foxes
Question: Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?
Answer: sound
Hypothesis: bats must emit sound in order to hunt their prey
Supporting facts: sent1: hearing is a kind of sense sent2: intense sound energy can move objects sent3: bats find their prey by sensing echos sent4: loud noises can cause animals to startle sent5: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent6: air is a vehicle for sound sent7: a bat is a kind of animal sent8: sense is used for obtaining information about one 's environment sent9: vibrations are a source of sound sent10: seeking something means trying to find / searching for something sent11: sound is a kind of air vibration sent12: to detect means to find sent13: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent14: better senses have a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent15: avoiding something requires sensing that something sent16: noise means sound sent17: an echo must occur in order to be heard sent18: a sound must first be emitted before it can reflect off of a surface sent19: an echo is a kind of sound sent20: hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals sent21: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent22: vibrating matter can produce sound sent23: hunting requires sensing prey sent24: echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound sent25: a bat lives in caves and trees
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] echo is when sound reflects off of a surface [AND] a sound must first be emitted before it can reflect off of a surface [INFER] int1: a sound must be emitted for an echo to occur [BECAUSE] an echo must occur in order to be heard [AND] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [INFER] int2: echolocation requires echos to occur [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a sound must be emitted in order for an animal to echolocate [BECAUSE] bats find their prey by sensing echos [AND] a bat is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: bats are a kind of animal that finds their prey by sensing echos [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [INFER] int5: bats find their prey by using echolocation [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: bats must emit sound in order to echolocate [BECAUSE] hearing is a kind of sense [AND] hunting requires sensing prey [INFER] int7: hearing can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals [INFER] int8: sensing sounds can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] an echo is a kind of sound [INFER] int9: sensing echos can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [INFER] int10: echolocation can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int6 [INFER] int11: bats must emit sound in order to hunt their prey
Question: How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?
Answer: Spines protect the cactus from animals.
Hypothesis: a cactus spine has a positive impact on a cactus's survival by protecting the cactus from animals
Supporting facts: sent1: a spine is a part of a cactus that is hard and located on the outside of the cactus sent2: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent3: eating something has a negative impact on that something sent4: characteristic means property sent5: destroying something decreases the amount of that something sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: protecting is a kind of function sent8: something dangerous can cause harm sent9: if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something sent10: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival sent11: survival means to survive sent12: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent13: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent14: harm means injury sent15: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent16: animals eat cacti sent17: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent18: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent19: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent20: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent21: something hard / something strong can be used for protection sent22: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent23: to protect means to defend sent24: covering something is a kind of protection sent25: to help / to benefit means to be of use
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals eat cacti [AND] eating something has a negative impact on that something [INFER] int1: animals have a negative impact on cacti [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something [INFER] int2: a cactus must protect itself from animals [BECAUSE] a spine is a part of a cactus that is hard and located on the outside of the cactus [AND] something hard / something strong can be used for protection [INFER] int3: a spine is a part of a cactus used for protection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a cactus spine is a part of a cactus for protecting the cactus from animals [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival [INFER] int5: a cactus spine has a positive impact on a cactus's survival by protecting the cactus from animals