ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of these describes a location where minerals are most likely to form?
Answer: cooled magma from a volcano
Hypothesis: minerals are formed by magma from a volcano cooling
Supporting facts: sent1: talc is a kind of mineral sent2: products are formed / are produced / are created sent3: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent4: where something comes from is a source of that something sent5: mica is a kind of mineral sent6: place means area sent7: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent8: location is a kind of relationship sent9: dried lava is a kind of volcanic rock sent10: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent11: heating means adding heat sent12: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent13: minerals are formed by magma cooling sent14: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent15: place / location is synonymous with position sent16: located means situated sent17: a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material sent18: lava is a kind of matter sent19: cooler means colder sent20: an object / material / substance comes from that object or material 's source sent21: a volcano is a source of magma / lava sent22: position means a place in a structure sent23: location is a kind of information sent24: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else sent25: warm up means increase temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] minerals are formed by magma cooling [AND] a volcano is a source of magma / lava [INFER] int1: minerals are formed by magma from a volcano cooling
Question: The formation of the mineral halite is most likely to occur by which process?
Answer: the evaporation of seawater
Hypothesis: the mineral halite is formed by a body of seawater evaporating
Supporting facts: sent1: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent2: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: to happen means to occur sent5: weathering / mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks / surface materials from a larger whole into smaller pieces by weather / mechanical means sent6: a body of water is a source of water sent7: an example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by absorbing heat energy sent8: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent9: the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean sent10: under water means covered by water / in water sent11: the deep ocean water contains dissolved carbon dioxide sent12: to give off means to be the source of sent13: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent14: being buried under soil and mud changes dead plant matter / dead animal matter / remains of living things into oil / natural gas through extreme heat and pressure at the bottom of the sea over a long period of time sent15: a body of water contains water sent16: halite is formed by a body of salt water evaporating sent17: seawater is a kind of salt water sent18: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent19: something that contains water is similar to a body of water sent20: water is a kind of water phase sent21: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent22: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent23: halite is a kind of mineral sent24: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent25: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] halite is formed by a body of salt water evaporating [AND] seawater is a kind of salt water [AND] halite is a kind of mineral [INFER] int1: the mineral halite is formed by a body of seawater evaporating
Question: The formation of diamonds requires tremendous pressure that is generated
Answer: deep below the crust.
Hypothesis: the formation of diamonds occurs deep below the crust of the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent2: requiring something means needing that something sent3: to be required means to be necessary sent4: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent5: to cause the formation of means to form sent6: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent7: to make means to form sent8: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent9: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent10: the formation of diamonds requires intense pressure sent11: to generate means to create sent12: to generate means to form sent13: producing is similar to causing sent14: must have means require sent15: forming is a kind of action sent16: a process usually requires all of the stages in that process sent17: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent18: causing is similar to generating sent19: forming something is a kind of change sent20: depth is a kind of distance vertically sent21: generate means produce sent22: the pressure is intense deep below earth 's crust sent23: due to means caused by sent24: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent25: to be formed by is to be the result of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the formation of diamonds requires intense pressure [AND] the pressure is intense deep below earth 's crust [INFER] int1: the formation of diamonds occurs deep below the crust of the earth
Question: Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?
Answer: hardness
Hypothesis: hardness can be used to identify minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: identifying is similar to determining sent2: according to is similar to be determined by sent3: including means containing sent4: hardness is a property of a material / an object and includes ordered values of malleable / rigid sent5: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent6: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent7: characteristic means property sent8: a description sometimes provides information sent9: classifying is a kind of skill sent10: a physical property is a kind of property sent11: material means substance sent12: the properties of something can be used to identify that something sent13: classifying requires comparing sent14: best means most positive sent15: recognizable property means the properties that can be used to identify something sent16: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent17: property is similar to measurement sent18: a mineral usually has a crystal structure sent19: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent20: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent21: similar means in common sent22: a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material sent23: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent24: to identify means to discover sent25: classify is similar to characterize
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material [AND] hardness is a property of a material / an object and includes ordered values of malleable / rigid [INFER] int1: hardness is a property of minerals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the properties of something can be used to identify that something [INFER] int2: hardness can be used to identify minerals
Question: Which of the following actions is most likely part of a test to find the hardness of a mineral sample?
Answer: scratching the sample with a nail
Hypothesis: measuring the hardness of minerals requires scratching those materials
Supporting facts: sent1: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent2: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent3: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent4: part means role sent5: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent6: rubbing is similar to scratching sent7: examining sometimes requires measuring sent8: a material that is soft can be broken down by a material that is hard sent9: specimen is similar to sample sent10: observe means see sent11: to discover means to find sent12: inspect / observe means examine sent13: investigating sometimes requires measuring sent14: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent15: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent16: identifying sometimes requires examining sent17: hardness is a measure of a mineral 's ability to resist scratching sent18: characteristic means property sent19: an example of breaking something down is scratching something sent20: a scratch is a kind of wound sent21: determining often requires measuring / observing sent22: measuring requires reading a measurement sent23: a mineral is a kind of material sent24: when a mineral is rubbed on / dragged across a streak plate , some of the mineral breaks off and forms a powder sent25: minerals have different recognizable properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of breaking something down is scratching something [AND] a material that is soft can be broken down by a material that is hard [INFER] int1: a material that is soft can be scratched by a material that is hard [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a mineral is a kind of material [INFER] int2: if one mineral can scratch another mineral then that other mineral is softer than that one mineral [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] hardness is a measure of a mineral 's ability to resist scratching [INFER] int3: measuring the hardness of minerals requires scratching those materials
Question: Which mineral has six-sided transparent crystals that will scratch glass?
Answer: quartz
Hypothesis: quartz is the mineral that has six-sided transparent crystals and can scratch glass easily
Supporting facts: sent1: as the ability to do something decreases , doing that something will be harder sent2: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent3: insulator means good insulator sent4: hardness is a property of a material / an object and includes ordered values of malleable / rigid sent5: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent6: quartz is a kind of mineral sent7: similar means in common sent8: something harmful can cause harm sent9: a surface is a part of a material sent10: a surface is a part of an object sent11: material means substance sent12: an object is an item sent13: quartz scratches glass easily sent14: being made of crystals is synonymous with having a crystal structure sent15: a quartz is made of six-sided transparent crystals sent16: luster is a property of an object / a material and includes ordered values of dull / shiny sent17: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent18: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent19: minerals have different recognizable properties sent20: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent21: glass is a kind of product sent22: solid is a kind of state of matter sent23: substances are made of matter sent24: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent25: something dangerous can cause harm
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] quartz scratches glass easily [AND] a quartz is made of six-sided transparent crystals [AND] quartz is a kind of mineral [INFER] int1: quartz is the mineral that has six-sided transparent crystals and can scratch glass easily
Question: A student is trying to identify a mineral that has a nonmetallic luster and is black. It can also be scratched with a fingernail. According to the mineral reference sheet, the unidentified mineral is most likely
Answer: mica.
Hypothesis: that mineral is mica
Supporting facts: sent1: recognizable property means the properties that can be used to identify something sent2: an object has properties sent3: mica has a nonmetallic luster sent4: surface type is a kind of characteristic sent5: a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail sent6: identifying sometimes requires examining sent7: certain is similar to specific sent8: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent9: mica is black in color sent10: mica is a kind of mineral sent11: to identify means to discover sent12: if a mineral is black in color sent13: a mineral has a nonmetallic luster sent14: characteristic means property sent15: the composition of something can be used to identify that something sent16: specimen is similar to sample sent17: mica is soft sent18: not visible means cannot be seen sent19: identifying is similar to determining sent20: according to is similar to be determined by sent21: a description sometimes provides information sent22: if a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail then that mineral is soft sent23: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent24: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent25: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail then that mineral is soft [AND] a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail [INFER] int1: a mineral is soft [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a mineral is black in color [AND] a mineral has a nonmetallic luster [INFER] int2: that mineral is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft [BECAUSE] mica is a kind of mineral [AND] mica is soft [AND] mica has a nonmetallic luster [AND] mica is black in color [INFER] int3: mica is a mineral that is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: that mineral is mica
Question: Minerals can be identified using hardness, streak, and cleavage because
Answer: minerals have different recognizable properties.
Hypothesis: the properties of a mineral can be used to identify those minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: a property of something is a feature of that something sent2: surface type is a kind of characteristic sent3: identifying is similar to determining sent4: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent5: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent6: a mineral is a kind of material sent7: the composition of something can be used to identify that something sent8: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike sent9: characteristic means property sent10: samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties sent11: different materials usually have different properties sent12: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent13: to distinguish means to tell the difference between sent14: appearance is a property of objects / materials sent15: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent16: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent17: similarity means the same property sent18: classify is similar to characterize sent19: certain is similar to specific sent20: to identify means to discover sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: luster is a property of an object / a material and includes ordered values of dull / shiny sent23: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent24: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent25: to categorize means to classify
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different materials usually have different properties [AND] a mineral is a kind of material [INFER] int1: different minerals usually have different properties [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties [INFER] int2: different minerals usually have different properties and samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something [INFER] int3: the properties of a mineral can be used to identify those minerals
Question: Large amounts of metals like iron and aluminum are found in
Answer: rocks
Hypothesis: rocks may contain large amounts of iron and aluminum
Supporting facts: sent1: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent2: largest amount means most sent3: iron is a kind of metal sent4: ore is a kind of rock sent5: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent6: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent7: rock is a kind of nonliving thing sent8: sand is made of very small rocks / minerals sent9: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent10: many means high in number sent11: most means over 50% of something sent12: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent13: to discover means to find sent14: rocks often contain large amounts of metal sent15: aluminum is a kind of metal sent16: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent17: rock means stone sent18: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent19: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent20: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent21: to be found in means to be contained in sent22: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent23: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent24: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent25: an asteroid is made of rock and metal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum is a kind of metal [AND] iron is a kind of metal [INFER] int1: iron and aluminum are kinds of metal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rocks often contain large amounts of metal [INFER] int2: rocks may contain large amounts of iron and aluminum
Question: Granite is classified as a rock because it
Answer: is made of minerals.
Hypothesis: rock is made of minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent2: to be made of means to consist of sent3: granite is a kind of nonmetal sent4: granite contains quartz sent5: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent6: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent7: classify is similar to characterize sent8: rock means stone sent9: mica is a kind of mineral sent10: granite contains feldspar sent11: to categorize means to classify sent12: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent13: feldspar is a kind of mineral sent14: granite is a kind of rock sent15: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent16: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent17: a kind of something is classified as that something sent18: a component of something means a part of that something sent19: granite contains mica sent20: the parts of something make up that something sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent23: quartz is a kind of mineral sent24: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent25: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] granite contains feldspar [AND] granite contains mica [AND] granite contains quartz [INFER] int1: granite is made of quartz, feldspar, and mica [BECAUSE] feldspar is a kind of mineral [AND] quartz is a kind of mineral [AND] mica is a kind of mineral [INFER] int2: quartz, feldspar, and mica are minerals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: granite is made of minerals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] granite is a kind of rock [INFER] int4: rock is made of minerals
Question: Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the
Answer: origin of the rocks.
Hypothesis: the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks
Supporting facts: sent1: rock means stone sent2: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent3: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods sent4: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent5: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent6: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent7: sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together sent8: the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized sent9: to categorize means to classify sent10: classify is similar to characterize sent11: different materials usually have different properties sent12: sorting is similar to classifying sent13: igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing sent14: plants can be fossilized into sedimentary rocks sent15: a kind of something is classified as that something sent16: a type of something is a kind of property of that something sent17: differentiate is similar to classify sent18: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent19: composition means the (materials, substances) of which something is composed sent20: composition is a property of an object / matter sent21: classifying is a kind of science process sent22: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent23: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed sent24: the origin of a rock means the method by which a rock is formed sent25: a type is synonymous with a kind
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different classes of rocks are formed by different methods [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int1: the method by which a rock is formed can be used to classify rocks [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the origin of a rock means the method by which a rock is formed [INFER] int2: the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks