ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?
Answer: root
Hypothesis: roots absorb minerals from the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material sent2: rock is made of minerals sent3: to absorb means to capture sent4: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent5: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant sent6: absorbing is a kind of function sent7: a component means a part of sent8: a component of something means a part of that something sent9: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent10: including means containing sent11: contains means located in sent12: leafy vegetables are a good source of minerals sent13: take in means absorb sent14: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent15: some minerals are nutrients sent16: absorbing something is a kind of process sent17: to be found in means to be contained in sent18: mineral nutrient is a kind of nutrient sent19: an object / material / substance comes from that object or material 's source sent20: part means role sent21: the parts of something make up that something sent22: absorbing is similar to obtaining sent23: where something comes from is a source of that something sent24: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent25: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [AND] absorbing something is a kind of process [INFER] int1: if something is a vehicle for absorbing something else then that something absorbs that something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant [INFER] int2: roots absorb nutrients from the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int3: roots absorb minerals from the soil
Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to
Answer: take in water
Hypothesis: a function of roots is to take in water
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something sent2: role means function sent3: to work means to function sent4: plants control the amount of water in their leaves through transpiration sent5: providing is a kind of function sent6: empty into a body of water means enters a body of water sent7: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent8: purpose means role sent9: function is similar to purpose sent10: absorbing water from soil is a kind of process sent11: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water from soil into the plant sent12: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent13: where something comes from is a source of that something sent14: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent15: using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material sent16: a function is an activity sent17: soil provides nutrients for plants sent18: biotic means living sent19: transpiration is when water vapor moves from plants / leaves into the atmosphere sent20: providing structure is a kind of function sent21: absorbing is a kind of function sent22: soil contains nutrients for plants sent23: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent24: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent25: absorbing is similar to obtaining
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing water from soil is a kind of process [AND] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water from soil into the plant [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [INFER] int1: roots absorb water from soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of roots is to absorb water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something [INFER] int3: a function of roots is to take in water
Question: The main function of a tree's trunk is to provide
Answer: support
Hypothesis: a function of a tree's trunk is to provide support
Supporting facts: sent1: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent2: to enable is to help sent3: providing support is a kind of function sent4: a function is a kind of characteristic sent5: a trunk is a part of a tree for supporting the tree sent6: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent7: bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree sent8: purpose means role sent9: role means function sent10: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent11: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent12: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent13: a function is an activity sent14: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent15: a component of something means a part of that something sent16: essential means required sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: to anchor means to provide support sent19: role is similar to importance sent20: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent21: something is used for that something 's purpose sent22: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent23: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent24: being used for is similar to providing sent25: function is similar to purpose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] providing support is a kind of function [AND] a trunk is a part of a tree for supporting the tree [INFER] int1: a function of a tree's trunk is to provide support
Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?
Answer: down from the needles to the roots
Hypothesis: sugars are transported from the needles to the roots of a pine tree
Supporting facts: sent1: transpiration is when water vapor moves from plants / leaves into the atmosphere sent2: special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant sent3: carrier means the ones that carry sent4: a needle is a kind of leaf sent5: transporting materials through a plant is a kind of function sent6: generally means usually sent7: if a process converts something into something else then that process is a source of that something else sent8: up means upward sent9: a needle is a part of a pine tree sent10: transpiration usually happens in the leaves of a plant sent11: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment sent12: to carry means to move something sent13: travel means to move sent14: things usually travel from a source of that thing to other areas sent15: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent16: transport means to move / to make travel sent17: carrying is similar to conducting sent18: to carry means to transport sent19: throughout means over sent20: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent21: typically means usually sent22: to transfer is similar to transport sent23: carrying something means moving that something sent24: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent25: a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carbohydrates are made of sugars [AND] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [INFER] int1: photosynthesis means green plants convert carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into sugars and food and oxygen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a process converts something into something else then that process is a source of that something else [INFER] int2: photosynthesis is a source of sugars [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange [INFER] int3: a leaf is a source of sugars [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] things usually travel from a source of that thing to other areas [INFER] int4: sugars travel from leaves to other areas [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant [INFER] int5: sugars are transported from leaves to other parts of a plant [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] roots are a part of a plant / tree [INFER] int6: sugars are transported from the leaves to the roots of a plant [BECAUSE] a needle is a kind of leaf [AND] a needle is a part of a pine tree [INFER] int7: a needle is a kind of leaf that is a part of a pine tree [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: sugars are transported from the needles to the roots of a pine tree
Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?
Answer: They both are able to grow.
Hypothesis: grass and a cow both have the ability to grow
Supporting facts: sent1: similar means in common sent2: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent3: growing is a kind of activity sent4: can be means able to be sent5: a cow is a kind of animal sent6: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent7: living things can all reproduce sent8: soil provides nutrients for plants sent9: both means two sent10: grass is a kind of green plant sent11: trait means property sent12: an animal requires nutrients to grow and heal sent13: an animal is a kind of living thing sent14: soil contains nutrients for plants sent15: can means having the ability to sent16: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent17: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent18: the ability to do means be able to do sent19: planting crops requires growing crops sent20: life means living things sent21: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent22: the ability to grow is a kind of trait sent23: a plant is a kind of living thing sent24: a plant requires soil for survival / to grow sent25: all living things grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] grass is a kind of green plant [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: grass is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] a cow is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: a cow is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: grass and a cow are both living things [BECAUSE] the ability to grow is a kind of trait [AND] all living things grow [INFER] int4: all living things have the ability to grow [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: grass and a cow both have the ability to grow
Question: Which animals would most likely be helped by flood in a coastal area?
Answer: alligators
Hypothesis: a flood has a positive impact on alligators
Supporting facts: sent1: storms / rain cause bodies of water to increase amount of water they contain sent2: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent3: if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent4: water pollution destroys the habitats of aquatic animals / of amphibians sent5: aquatic animal means water animal sent6: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent7: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent8: when a habitat can support living things , living things can live in that habitat sent9: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent10: coastline means coast sent11: an alligator is a kind of aquatic animal sent12: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent13: an aquatic animal / aquatic plant requires great amounts of water to survive / thrive sent14: a coast is a coastal area sent15: a floodplain is a kind of land / landform sent16: to receive something means to have an increase in that something sent17: if the surface sediment is not porous , then the surface sediment will not absorb enough water to prevent flooding sent18: as elevation of a place decreases , how much a flood will affect that place will increases sent19: as the amount of rainfall increases in an area , the amount of available water in that area will increase sent20: a body of water contains water sent21: a body of water is a source of water sent22: when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs sent23: under water means covered by water / in water sent24: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent25: to help means to aid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an aquatic animal / aquatic plant requires great amounts of water to survive / thrive [AND] if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival [INFER] int1: an increase in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an alligator is a kind of aquatic animal [INFER] int2: an increase in water has a positive impact on alligators [BECAUSE] to receive something means to have an increase in that something [AND] when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs [INFER] int3: a flood is caused by an increase in water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a flood has a positive impact on alligators
Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms
Answer: obtain energy
Hypothesis: some examples of obtaining energy are a frog eating flies and a green plant absorbing light
Supporting facts: sent1: to eat means to consume food sent2: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent3: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent4: light is a kind of energy sent5: an organism requires energy for growth / repair sent6: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent7: an animal is a kind of consumer sent8: a green plant absorbs light sent9: food contains nutrients for living things sent10: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent11: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent12: living things all require energy for survival sent13: collecting is similar to absorbing sent14: eating food is used to get energy by animals sent15: a frog eats flies sent16: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent17: living things eat their food source sent18: to gain means to obtain sent19: absorbing is similar to obtaining sent20: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent21: insects eat plants sent22: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent23: the ability to access / to acquire / to find resources has a positive impact on an organism 's survival / health sent24: food is a kind of chemical energy sent25: getting something is a kind of method for obtaining something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating food is used to get energy by animals [AND] a frog eats flies [INFER] int1: a frog gets energy by eating flies [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] getting something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int2: an example of something obtaining energy is a frog eating flies [BECAUSE] light is a kind of energy [AND] a green plant absorbs light [INFER] int3: a green plant absorbs energy by absorbing light [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int4: an example of something obtaining energy is a green plant absorbing light [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: some examples of obtaining energy are a frog eating flies and a green plant absorbing light
Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?
Answer: It does not store energy or nutrients.
Hypothesis: if something does not have the ability to store nutrients and energy then that something is not food
Supporting facts: sent1: information is used to describe something sent2: to eat means to consume food sent3: except means not sent4: food is a source of energy for living things sent5: if food is not immediately used by the body for energy then that food will be stored for future use sent6: lack is similar to low / little sent7: if something does not contain something else then that something lacks that something else sent8: if something does not have the properties of something else then that something is not that something else sent9: the ability to store something is a kind of property sent10: including means containing sent11: not is similar to the opposite of sent12: existence is similar to living sent13: to contain something can mean to store something sent14: a consumer can not produce its own food sent15: to lack means to not have sent16: an object is an item sent17: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent18: material means substance sent19: food contains nutrients for living things sent20: if there is none of a thing then that thing does not exist sent21: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent22: to store means to hold sent23: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent24: an object is made of its parts sent25: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else [AND] food is a source of energy for living things [INFER] int1: food contains energy for living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int2: food contains nutrients and energy for living things [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] to contain something can mean to store something [INFER] int3: food stores nutrients and energy for living things [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the ability to store something is a kind of property [INFER] int4: the ability to store nutrients and energy is a property of food [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something does not have the properties of something else then that something is not that something else [INFER] int5: if something does not have the ability to store nutrients and energy then that something is not food
Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?
Answer: carbon dioxide
Hypothesis: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that is required by a plant to make food for itself
Supporting facts: sent1: fossil fuel contains chemical energy sent2: a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow sent3: if a living thing takes in something to perform a process then that something is required for that process sent4: carbon dioxide can be found in the air sent5: transpiration is when water vapor moves from plants / leaves into the atmosphere sent6: breathing out is when animals exhale / expel carbon dioxide from their lungs into the air sent7: living things require respiration to use energy sent8: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent9: carbon dioxide can trap solar energy sent10: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something sent11: atmosphere means air sent12: using gasoline is a source of carbon dioxide sent13: co2 means carbon dioxide sent14: when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants , the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is reduced in the atmosphere sent15: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent16: photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent17: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent18: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent19: a plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to perform photosynthesis sent20: air is a kind of gas sent21: usually plants store the food they produce for future use sent22: vapor is synonymous with gas sent23: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas sent24: plants control the amount of water in their leaves through transpiration sent25: respiration releases energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [AND] a plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to perform photosynthesis [INFER] int1: a plant absorbs carbon dioxide to make food for itself [BECAUSE] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something [AND] if a living thing takes in something to perform a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int2: if a living thing absorbs something to perform a process then that something is required for that process [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: carbon dioxide is required for a plant to make food for itself [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] carbon dioxide is a kind of gas [INFER] int4: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that is required by a plant to make food for itself
Question: What is a main feature of plains?
Answer: a flat, level surface
Hypothesis: a flat land surface is a feature of a plane
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent2: surface type is a kind of characteristic sent3: if something exists on a surface then that surface contains that something sent4: landform means surface feature / physical feature / land feature sent5: the texture of an object can sometimes be told by looking at the object sent6: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent7: earth has a rocky terrain in some places sent8: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent9: contains means located in sent10: a plain is made of a flat land surface sent11: a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces sent12: characteristic means property sent13: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent14: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent15: a landform is a kind of place sent16: the ground is at the bottom of an area sent17: level is similar to amount / quantity sent18: the ground is part of the earth sent19: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent20: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent21: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent22: aspect of something is similar to part of something sent23: a feature of something can be what that something is made of sent24: landscape is similar to land sent25: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plain is made of a flat land surface [AND] a feature of something can be what that something is made of [INFER] int1: a flat land surface is a feature of a plane