ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which describes a property of all elements?
Answer: All elements are pure substances.
Hypothesis: elements are pure substances
Supporting facts: sent1: a chemical property is a kind of property sent2: a pure substance is made of only one kind of atom / molecule sent3: a kind of something is an example of that something sent4: composed of means made of sent5: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent6: to be found in means to be contained in sent7: including means containing sent8: an example of a chemical property is the elements making up a compound sent9: all living and nonliving materials are made of elements sent10: substances have chemical properties sent11: can be means able to be sent12: hydrogen is a pure substance sent13: an element is a kind of atom sent14: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent15: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent16: an object is made of its parts sent17: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent18: made up of means contains / made of sent19: an object has properties sent20: not is similar to the opposite of sent21: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent22: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent23: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent24: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent25: material means substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pure substance is made of only one kind of atom / molecule [AND] an element is made of one kind of atoms [INFER] int1: elements are pure substances
Question: Which of these elements is not likely to be found in an organic compound?
Answer: potassium
Hypothesis: potassium cannot be in organic compounds
Supporting facts: sent1: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent2: sodium chloride is a kind of chemical compound sent3: sodium chloride means salt sent4: to discover means to find sent5: acidic means low / 0 to 6 in ph sent6: contains means located in sent7: to contain something means to have that something sent8: if something changes , then that something is not the same sent9: organic compounds do not contain potassium sent10: sodium is a kind of element sent11: cannot means not be able to sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something sent14: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent15: according to is similar to be determined by sent16: if something does not contain something else then that something lacks that something else sent17: sodium chloride is a kind of molecule sent18: nonmetal means not metal sent19: rarely means not sent20: to lack means to not have sent21: including means containing sent22: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent23: made of is similar to contains sent24: except means not sent25: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something [AND] organic compounds do not contain potassium [INFER] int1: potassium cannot be in organic compounds
Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as
Answer: an atom.
Hypothesis: copper atoms are the smallest particles that are still copper
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: composed of means made of sent3: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent4: definite is the opposite of variable sent5: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent6: atomic means of the atom sent7: the structure of an atom can be used for identifying the element sent8: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent9: an element cannot be decomposed into two or more different substances by simple chemical methods sent10: a metal is a kind of element sent11: copper is a kind of element sent12: if a substance is made of one element , then the substance is called an element sent13: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent14: an object is made of its parts sent15: a physical property is a kind of property sent16: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent17: the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element sent18: made up of means contains / made of sent19: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent20: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent21: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent22: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent23: a whole is formed by its parts sent24: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent25: including means containing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] copper is a kind of element [AND] an element is made of one kind of atoms [INFER] int1: copper is made of copper atoms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] copper is a kind of element [AND] the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element [INFER] int2: copper atoms are the smallest particles that are still copper
Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their
Answer: number of protons.
Hypothesis: the order of the elements in periodic table is determined by the proton number of elements
Supporting facts: sent1: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent2: to be formed by is to be the result of sent3: both means two sent4: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent5: if a substance is made of one element , then the substance is called an element sent6: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent7: amount is similar to number sent8: an atom is made of protons / neutrons / electrons sent9: contains means located in sent10: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: a physical property is a kind of property sent13: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent14: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent15: made up of means contains / made of sent16: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent17: atomic number is used to describe the proton number of an element sent18: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent19: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent20: to be found in means to be contained in sent21: including means containing sent22: composed of means made of sent23: the order of the elements in periodic table is determined by the atomic number of the elements sent24: how many means what number sent25: according to is similar to be determined by
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] atomic number is used to describe the proton number of an element [AND] the order of the elements in periodic table is determined by the atomic number of the elements [INFER] int1: the order of the elements in periodic table is determined by the proton number of elements
Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?
Answer: potassium
Hypothesis: potassiumn has similar properties to sodium
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: an element is a kind of material sent3: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent4: both means two sent5: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent6: electrons are a part of an atom sent7: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent8: different materials usually have different properties sent9: an element is identified by its number of protons sent10: similar means in common sent11: alkaline earth metal elements have two valence electrons sent12: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent13: potassium belongs to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table sent14: sodium belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table sent15: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent16: sodium chloride means salt sent17: an ion atom has a positive or negative electric charge sent18: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent19: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent20: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent21: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent22: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent23: an ion is a kind of charged particle sent24: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent25: elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sodium belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table [AND] elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties [INFER] int1: elements in group 1 will have similar properties to sodium [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] potassium belongs to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table [INFER] int2: potassiumn has similar properties to sodium
Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?
Answer: malleable
Hypothesis: gold is malleable
Supporting facts: sent1: a part of something is present in that something sent2: different materials usually have different properties sent3: how something appears is how that something looks sent4: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent5: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent6: silver is a kind of metal sent7: similar means in common sent8: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike sent9: luster is a property of an object / a material and includes ordered values of dull / shiny sent10: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent11: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent12: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent13: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent14: in common is similar to the same sent15: gold is soft sent16: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent17: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent18: both means two sent19: a property of something is a feature of that something sent20: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent21: soft things are malleable sent22: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent25: a sign of something is evidence of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gold is soft [AND] soft things are malleable [INFER] int1: gold is malleable
Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?
Answer: boiling point of the liquid
Hypothesis: if a substance has a boiling point of 100c, then that substance is water
Supporting facts: sent1: physical state means state of matter sent2: state of matter means physical state sent3: beneficial means helpful sent4: the boiling point of water is 100c sent5: definite is the opposite of variable sent6: if liquid is boiling then that liquid is hot sent7: gas is a kind of state of matter sent8: to be helpful means to help to do sent9: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent10: the properties of something can be used to identify that something sent11: boiling point is an intensive property sent12: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent13: property is similar to measurement sent14: state of matter is a kind of physical property sent15: variability of shape / variability of volume is a kind of physical property sent16: water is a kind of substance sent17: according to is similar to be determined by sent18: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent19: measuring requires reading a measurement sent20: matter in the liquid phase has definite volume sent21: a substances boiling point is a kind of physical property sent22: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent23: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent24: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent25: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the properties of something can be used to identify that something [AND] a substances boiling point is a kind of physical property [INFER] int1: a substance 's boiling point can be used to identify the substance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: the boiling point of water can be used to identify water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] the boiling point of water is 100c [INFER] int3: if a substance has a boiling point of 100c, then that substance is water
Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?
Answer: It evaporated.
Hypothesis: the puddles of water will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by absorbing heat energy sent2: warm up means increase temperature sent3: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent4: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent5: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent6: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent7: water is a kind of substance sent8: afternoon is a part of day time sent9: sublimation means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent10: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent11: cooling means temperature decreases sent12: puddles of water are outside during the day sent13: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent14: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent15: heat means temperature increases sent16: if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature sent17: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight sent18: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent19: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent20: as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the amount of water evaporated from the body of water will increase sent21: high temperatures can cause an object to combust sent22: heat means heat energy sent23: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent24: evaporation is when water is drawn back up into the air in the water cycle sent25: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] puddles of water are outside during the day [AND] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [INFER] int1: puddles of water will receive sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature [INFER] int2: the puddles of water will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the puddles of water will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int4: the puddles of water will evaporate
Question: When the motion of liquid water molecules slows, what most likely happens?
Answer: The liquid water forms a solid.
Hypothesis: the water will freeze and change from a liquid to a solid
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent2: particles in a liquid are close to each other sent3: rotating is similar to moving sent4: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent5: freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy sent6: physical state means state of matter sent7: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent8: shape is a kind of physical property sent9: to reduce means to decrease sent10: motion / movement means moving / to move sent11: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent12: the motion of liquid water molecules slows sent13: state of matter means physical state sent14: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent15: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent16: particles in a solid are closer together than particles in a liquid sent17: matter in the liquid phase has definite volume sent18: as the temperature of a substance decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent19: matter in the solid phase has definite volume sent20: particles in a liquid have more kinetic energy than particles in a solid sent21: water is a kind of substance sent22: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent23: freezing causes a solid to form sent24: matter in the solid phase has definite shape sent25: temperature is a measure of heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the temperature of a substance decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: as the temperature of water decreases, the molecules in water will move slower [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the motion of liquid water molecules slows [INFER] int2: the temperature of water is decreasing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the heat energy of water is decreasing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int4: the water will freeze and change from a liquid to a solid
Question: As water starts to freeze, the molecules of water
Answer: decrease in speed.
Hypothesis: the molecules in water will move slower when the water is decreasing in temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent2: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent3: particles in a solid are slower than particles in a liquid sent4: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent5: water is a kind of substance sent6: to reduce means to decrease sent7: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent8: as the temperature of a substance decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer sent9: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent10: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object over time / divided by time / per unit of time sent11: if a value decreases then that value may become / may reach zero / 0 sent12: freezing means substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy sent13: the freezing point of water / melting point of water is 32f / 0c / 273k sent14: water starts to freeze sent15: fast means quickly sent16: freezing causes a solid to form sent17: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent18: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent19: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent20: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent21: cooling means temperature decreases sent22: freezing means cold temperatures sent23: freezing point means temperature at which a liquid freezes / below which a liquid freezes sent24: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent25: temperature is a measure of heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] freezing means substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy [AND] water starts to freeze [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: water is decreasing in heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: water is decreasing in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the temperature of a substance decreases , the molecules in that substance will move slower / closer [INFER] int3: the molecules in water will move slower when the water is decreasing in temperature