ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?
Answer: static electricity
Hypothesis: rubbing rubber on wool can cause rubber to attract small strips of paper
Supporting facts: sent1: rubbing different materials can cause electrical charge of the materials to be unbalanced sent2: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent3: friction exerts force on moving objects sent4: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent5: a rubber brush is rubbed on wool sent6: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent7: unbalanced electrical charge of material causes static electricity sent8: if a magnet is attracted to a metal then that magnet will stick to that metal sent9: if two objects / two materials have the same electrical charge then those two objects / those two materials will repel / move apart from each other when they are close to each other sent10: attract means move closer sent11: friction is a kind of force sent12: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent13: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent14: strips of paper are a kind of object sent15: friction causes an object to lose energy sent16: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent17: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent18: rubber is a kind of material sent19: producing is similar to causing sent20: magnetism can cause objects to repel each other sent21: static electricity can attract small, light-weighted object sent22: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent23: wool is a kind of material sent24: small strips of paper are small and light-weighted sent25: electricity means electrical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rubber is a kind of material [AND] wool is a kind of material [AND] a rubber brush is rubbed on wool [INFER] int1: a rubber rubbing on wool is an example of rubbing different materials together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rubbing different materials can cause electrical charge of the materials to be unbalanced [INFER] int2: rubbing rubber on wool causes electrical charge of rubber and wool to be unbalanced [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] unbalanced electrical charge of material causes static electricity [INFER] int3: rubbing rubber on wool causes static electricity on rubber and wool [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] static electricity can attract small, light-weighted object [INFER] int4: rubbing rubber on wool can cause rubber to attract small, light-weighted object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] strips of paper are a kind of object [AND] small strips of paper are small and light-weighted [INFER] int5: rubbing rubber on wool can cause rubber to attract small strips of paper
Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of
Answer: protons and electrons.
Hypothesis: that atom has an equal number of protons and electrons
Supporting facts: sent1: if an atom has more electrons than protons , then the atom will be an ion with negative charge sent2: atoms are made of particles sent3: an electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent4: a physical property is a kind of property sent5: fixed is similar to definite sent6: a molecule is usually neutral charged sent7: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent8: if an atom has more protons than electrons , then the atom will be an ion with positive charge sent9: an normal atom has a neutral electric charge sent10: a neutron has a neutral electric charge sent11: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent12: both means two sent13: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent14: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent15: if an object has a negative net charge then that object contains more electrons than protons sent16: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent17: an atom is made of protons / neutrons / electrons sent18: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent19: identical means copy sent20: similar means in common sent21: if a neutral atom loses an electron then an atom with a positive charge will be formed sent22: amount is similar to number sent23: positive charge is a kind of electric charge sent24: atom is a kind of particle sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an electron has a negative -1 electric charge [AND] a proton has a positive 1 electric charge [INFER] int1: equal numbers of protons and electrons result in a neutral 0 electric charge [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a neutron has a neutral electric charge [INFER] int2: equal numbers of protons and electrons and any number of neutrons result in a neutral 0 electric charge [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an atom is made of protons / neutrons / electrons [INFER] int3: if an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, then the atom will have a neutral charge [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an normal atom has a neutral electric charge [INFER] int4: that atom has an equal number of protons and electrons
Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?
Answer: The atom has 20 protons.
Hypothesis: the atom has 20 protons
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent3: not is similar to the opposite of sent4: composed of means made of sent5: similar means in common sent6: the structure of an atom is made of a massive nucleus surrounded by electrons sent7: contains means located in sent8: an atom has an atomic number of 20 sent9: amount is similar to number sent10: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: made up of means contains / made of sent13: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent14: including means containing sent15: to be found in means to be contained in sent16: atom cannot be divided into smaller substances sent17: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent18: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent19: to be formed by is to be the result of sent20: how many means what number sent21: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent22: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent23: atomic number is used to describe the proton number of an atom sent24: an object is made of its parts sent25: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] atomic number is used to describe the proton number of an atom [AND] an atom has an atomic number of 20 [INFER] int1: the atom has 20 protons
Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be
Answer: bonded.
Hypothesis: a water molecure is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonded together
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: a chemical property is a kind of property sent3: similar means in common sent4: a chemical compound is a kind of compound sent5: both means two sent6: carbon is a kind of element sent7: electrolysis of water is when water is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by passing electric current through water sent8: hydrogen chloride is made of hydrogen and chlorine sent9: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent10: to be formed by is to be the result of sent11: form means kind sent12: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent13: forming something is a kind of change sent14: must have means require sent15: the chemical symbol for oxygen is o sent16: oxygenated means having oxygen sent17: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent18: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent19: a water molecure is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom sent20: forming is similar to converting sent21: a molecule is made of atoms bonded sent22: catenation is when the atoms of an element bonding themselves in many ways to form a chain sent23: water is a kind of polar substance sent24: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent25: pair means two
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a water molecure is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom [AND] a molecule is made of atoms bonded [INFER] int1: a water molecure is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonded together
Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of
Answer: protons and neutrons.
Hypothesis: the mass of electron, proton, and neutron is determined by the mass of proton and neutron
Supporting facts: sent1: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent2: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent3: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent4: an atom is made of protons / neutrons / electrons sent5: made up of means contains / made of sent6: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent7: one neutron has one atomic mass unit sent8: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent9: mostly means being the most sent10: one electron has 0 atomic mass unit sent11: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent12: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent13: including means containing sent14: mass is a kind of information sent15: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent16: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent17: the structure of an atom is made of a massive nucleus surrounded by electrons sent18: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent19: both means two sent20: one proton has one atomic mass unit sent21: mass is a kind of physical property sent22: mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object sent23: composed of means made of sent24: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent25: all the other means the rest of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] one electron has 0 atomic mass unit [AND] one proton has one atomic mass unit [AND] an atom is made of protons / neutrons / electrons [AND] one neutron has one atomic mass unit [INFER] int1: the mass of electron, proton, and neutron is determined by the mass of proton and neutron
Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is
Answer: positively charged.
Hypothesis: the atom will be positively charged
Supporting facts: sent1: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent2: an ion with negative charge is formed by atom gaining electrons sent3: if part of the whole has electric charge , then that part of the object will be responsible for the electric charge of the object sent4: an ion atom has a positive or negative electric charge sent5: charged particles are a kind of high-energy particles sent6: including means containing sent7: both means two sent8: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent9: four is a kind of number sent10: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent11: ^+ means positive charge sent12: a proton has a positive (+1) electrical charge sent13: that atom has 4 electrons sent14: nuclear energy is a kind of energy sent15: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent16: an atom has 5 protons sent17: negatively charged particles are involved in chemical reactions sent18: electrons surround / orbit the nucleus of an atom sent19: an electrical charge can attract objects to other objects sent20: if a neutral atom loses an electron then an atom with a positive charge will be formed sent21: where something comes from is a source of that something sent22: a electron has a negative (-1) electric charge sent23: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent24: an increase is a kind of change sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a proton has a positive (+1) electrical charge [AND] a electron has a negative (-1) electric charge [INFER] int1: if the number of proton is greater than the number of electrons, then the electric charge will be positive [BECAUSE] that atom has 4 electrons [AND] an atom has 5 protons [INFER] int2: the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the atom will be positively charged
Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called
Answer: ions.
Hypothesis: ions are the charged particles formed during a chemical reaction
Supporting facts: sent1: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent2: to make means to form sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: if part of the whole has electric charge , then that part of the object will be responsible for the electric charge of the object sent5: ions are formed by atoms losing or gaining electrons sent6: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent7: forming something is a kind of change sent8: forming is a kind of action sent9: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent10: both means two sent11: composed of means made of sent12: similar means in common sent13: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent14: an ion is a kind of charged particle sent15: a chemical reaction can cause atoms to lose or gain electrons sent16: made up of means contains / made of sent17: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent18: form means kind sent19: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent20: including means containing sent21: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent22: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent23: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent24: being derived from is similar to being formed sent25: to be made of something means to be formed of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a chemical reaction can cause atoms to lose or gain electrons [AND] ions are formed by atoms losing or gaining electrons [INFER] int1: a chemical reaction can cause ions to form [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an ion is a kind of charged particle [INFER] int2: ions are the charged particles formed during a chemical reaction
Question: How are the particles in a block of iron affected when the block is melted?
Answer: The particles move more rapidly.
Hypothesis: the speed of particles in iron increases
Supporting facts: sent1: moving is similar to travelling sent2: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent3: impact means effect sent4: faster means increased rate sent5: more quickly is similar to increased rate sent6: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent7: as temperature increases , the speed of molecules will increase sent8: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent9: a solid is a kind of substance sent10: iron is a kind of solid sent11: as the kinetic energy of particles increases , the particles will move faster sent12: rate is similar to speed sent13: increase means more sent14: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent15: instantaneously means short in time sent16: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent17: rotating is similar to moving sent18: quickly means in a short period of time sent19: motion / movement means moving / to move sent20: magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact sent21: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent22: magnetism is a property of materials / objects and includes ordered values of nonmagnetic / magnetic sent23: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent24: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent25: melting point is a property of a substance / material
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] iron is a kind of solid [AND] a solid is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: iron is a kind of substance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int2: iron melting is when iron changes from a solic into a liquid by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the temperature of iron is increased when iron is melting [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] as temperature increases , the speed of molecules will increase [INFER] int4: the speed of particles in iron increases
Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to
Answer: add a catalyst
Hypothesis: a catalyst is used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
Supporting facts: sent1: a process is made of a series of actions sent2: a measure of time is a length of time sent3: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent4: fast means quickly sent5: to contribute means to add sent6: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent7: increase means more sent8: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent9: converting is similar to producing sent10: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent11: to make possible means to be required sent12: to add means to increase sent13: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent14: a catalyst is used to speed up the speed of a chemical reaction sent15: rate means speed sent16: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent17: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent18: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent19: to add means to combine sent20: process is similar to method sent21: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent22: faster means increased rate sent23: quickly means in a short period of time sent24: providing something means making / delivering something sent25: more quickly is similar to increased rate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a catalyst is used to speed up the speed of a chemical reaction [AND] rate means speed [INFER] int1: a catalyst is used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a
Answer: molecule.
Hypothesis: two nitrogen atoms combining will form a molecule
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent2: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent3: the bonds of chemical compounds contain chemical energy sent4: forming something is a kind of change sent5: combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions sent6: both means two sent7: atomic means of the atom sent8: form means kind sent9: products are formed / are produced / are created sent10: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base sent11: two nitrogen atoms combine sent12: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent13: to add means to combine sent14: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent15: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent16: interatomic means existing or acting between atoms sent17: a chemical property is a kind of property sent18: carbon is a kind of element sent19: the chemical symbol for nitrogen is n sent20: a chemical compound is a kind of compound sent21: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent22: to make means to form sent23: ammonia is made of nitrogen and hydrogen sent24: a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded sent25: nucleotide is a kind of monomer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] two nitrogen atoms combine [AND] a molecule is made of atoms chemically combined / bonded [INFER] int1: two nitrogen atoms combining will form a molecule
Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?
Answer: Oxygen
Hypothesis: a metal can in contact with water and oxygen will rust
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent2: gas is a kind of substance sent3: metal is a kind of substance sent4: a metal can is made of metal sent5: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent6: chemical weathering means chemical reaction causes the weathering of rocks sent7: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent8: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent9: oxygen is a kind of element sent10: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent11: metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust sent12: can means having the ability to sent13: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent14: oxygen can cause a glowing splint to burst into flame sent15: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent16: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent17: iron is a kind of element sent18: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent19: determine is similar to cause sent20: to lead to means to cause sent21: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent22: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent23: oxygenated means having oxygen sent24: oxygen can be found in air sent25: a source of something increases the amount of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust [AND] a metal can is made of metal [INFER] int1: a metal can in contact with water and oxygen will rust