ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?
Answer: an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels
Hypothesis: gases released during the use of fossil fuels contributes to an increase in global temeperatures
Supporting facts: sent1: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent2: global warming is when worldwide temperature increases sent3: carbon dioxide is a kind of greenhouse gas sent4: worldwide means global sent5: if something causes something else then that something contributes to that something else sent6: increase means more sent7: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent8: burning fossil fuels increases the carbon in the atmosphere sent9: years are a kind of unit for measuring time sent10: chemical reactions sometimes cause gas to be released into the atmosphere sent11: oil is a kind of substance / matter sent12: temperature rise means become warmer sent13: to exhale means to release sent14: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent15: fossil fuel contains chemical energy sent16: water vapor is a kind of greenhouse gas sent17: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent18: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent19: oil is a kind of pollutant sent20: high temperatures during fossil-fuel formation causes a higher percentage of natural gas to form sent21: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent22: using gasoline is a source of carbon dioxide sent23: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent24: temperature rise means temperature increase sent25: greenhouse gases building up can cause global warming
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] global warming is when worldwide temperature increases [AND] gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming [INFER] int1: gases released during the use of fossil fuels cause an increase in worldwide temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] worldwide means global [INFER] int2: gases released during the use of fossil fuels cause an increase in global temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something causes something else then that something contributes to that something else [INFER] int3: gases released during the use of fossil fuels contributes to an increase in global temeperatures
Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?
Answer: burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline
Hypothesis: burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline is a kind of human activity that contributes to the formation of acid rain
Supporting facts: sent1: using the fuel requires burning the fuel sent2: burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution sent3: being buried under soil and mud changes peat into coal through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time sent4: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent5: using coal requires burning coal sent6: burning oil emits sulfur dioxide sent7: to cause an event is similar to being involved in that event sent8: burning fossil fuel is a kind of human activity sent9: coal is a kind of fossil fuel sent10: burning coal emits sulfur dioxide sent11: combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy sent12: sulfur dioxide is a kind of gas sent13: emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain sent14: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent15: burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere sent16: sulfur dioxide is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels sent17: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent18: if something causes something else then that something contributes to the formation of that something else sent19: destroying something causes harm to that something sent20: gasoline is a kind of chemical power source sent21: oil is a source of gasoline sent22: gasoline is a kind of fossil fuel sent23: combustion is a kind of exergonic reaction sent24: burning fossil fuels converts potential energy into thermal energy sent25: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gasoline is a kind of fossil fuel [AND] coal is a kind of fossil fuel [INFER] int1: coal and gasoline are kinds of fossil fuels [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] burning fossil fuel is a kind of human activity [INFER] int2: burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline is a kind of human activity [BECAUSE] burning coal emits sulfur dioxide [AND] burning oil emits sulfur dioxide [INFER] int3: burning coal and oil emit sulfur dioxide [BECAUSE] sulfur dioxide is a kind of gas [AND] emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain [INFER] int4: sulfur dioxide is a kind of gas that causes acid rain when emitted [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: gasses from burning coal and oil cause acid rain [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] oil is a source of gasoline [INFER] int6: gases from burning coal and gasoline cause acid rain [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if something causes something else then that something contributes to the formation of that something else [INFER] int7: gasses from burning coal and gasoline contribute to the formation of acid rain [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline is a kind of human activity that contributes to the formation of acid rain
Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?
Answer: petroleum
Hypothesis: petroleum is a kind of nonrenewable resource
Supporting facts: sent1: petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel sent2: less means a reduced amount sent3: resources sometimes are used for energy sent4: fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource sent5: less is similar to decrease sent6: to be found in means to be contained in sent7: including means containing sent8: a lot means large in amount / quantity sent9: nonliving / non-living / die is the opposite of living / alive / live sent10: if a resource is not replaced then the resource has low availability sent11: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent12: most means over 50% of something sent13: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: quantity means amount sent16: fossil fuel contains chemical energy sent17: made up of means contains / made of sent18: contains means located in sent19: if use of a nonrenewable resources increases then the nonrenewable resource will be depleted sent20: phase means state sent21: nonmetal means nonmetals sent22: to be made of is similar to collection sent23: state means form sent24: no longer means used to be sent25: both means two
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] petroleum is a kind of fossil fuel [AND] fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource [INFER] int1: petroleum is a kind of nonrenewable resource
Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?
Answer: Both are renewable.
Hypothesis: wave energy and energy from ocean tides are both renewable resources
Supporting facts: sent1: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent2: wave energy is a renewable resource sent3: hydroelectric power is a renewable resource sent4: renewability is a property of resource and includes values of renewable / nonrenewable sent5: renewable resources are often available for many years sent6: tidal energy is a renewable resource sent7: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent8: sunlight means solar energy sent9: ocean current is a kind of water sent10: the tide is when ocean levels periodically rise / fall sent11: geothermal energy is a renewable resource sent12: solar energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource sent13: long shore current is a kind of ocean wave sent14: to power means to provide energy for sent15: tidal energy means energy from ocean tides sent16: ocean tides are a kind of phenomenon sent17: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent18: wind is used for producing electricity sent19: both means two sent20: renewable resources can be used over again sent21: generate means produce sent22: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent23: a renewable resource can be renewed sent24: wind / wind energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource sent25: electricity means electrical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] tidal energy means energy from ocean tides [AND] tidal energy is a renewable resource [INFER] int1: energy from ocean tides is a renewable resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wave energy is a renewable resource [INFER] int2: wave energy and energy from ocean tides are both renewable resources
Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?
Answer: wood boards
Hypothesis: wood boards are a kind of building material that is made of a renewable natural resource
Supporting facts: sent1: most means over 50% of something sent2: to use means to utilize sent3: wood boards are made of wood sent4: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent5: sunlight means solar energy sent6: including means containing sent7: wood is a renewable resource sent8: a renewable resource is a kind of natural resource sent9: construction means building sent10: many means high in number sent11: renewable resources can be used over again sent12: renewable resources are often available for many years sent13: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent14: different materials usually have different properties sent15: wood is a kind of nonmetal sent16: similar means in common sent17: wood boards can be used to build houses sent18: an inexhaustible resource is a kind of renewable resource sent19: a house is a kind of building sent20: soil is a renewable resource for growing plants sent21: composed of means made of sent22: to make means to build sent23: building materials are used to build buildings sent24: renewability is a property of resource and includes values of renewable / nonrenewable sent25: a renewable resource can be renewed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a house is a kind of building [AND] building materials are used to build buildings [INFER] int1: building materials can be used to build houses [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wood boards can be used to build houses [INFER] int2: wood boards are a kind of building material [BECAUSE] wood is a renewable resource [AND] a renewable resource is a kind of natural resource [INFER] int3: wood is a kind of renewable natural resource [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] wood boards are made of wood [INFER] int4: wood boards are made of a renewable natural resource [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: wood boards are a kind of building material that is made of a renewable natural resource
Question: In what way can soil nutrients in agricultural ground be depleted?
Answer: increased irrigating
Hypothesis: increasing irrigation can deplete the nutrients in soil in agricultural grounds
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant requires soil for survival / to grow sent2: irrigation causes water levels to decrease sent3: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent4: pumping water means removing water sent5: increase means more sent6: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent7: to add means to increase sent8: nutrient poor soil means low quality soil sent9: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent10: irrigation is performed on agricultural ground sent11: agricultural ground contains soil sent12: irrigation requires water use sent13: decreaseing something can cause that something to be depleted sent14: if something decreases something else, then increases that something will decrease that something else sent15: to depend on / to rely on / to need means to require sent16: erosion sometimes decreases the amount of nutrients in soil sent17: using resources decreases those resources sent18: irrigation is a kind of process sent19: if a process requires something then increasing that process increases the amount of that something sent20: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent21: sunlight means solar energy sent22: water can cause erosion sent23: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent24: if use of a nonrenewable resources increases then the nonrenewable resource will be depleted sent25: using less of a resource increases the availability of that resource
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] erosion sometimes decreases the amount of nutrients in soil [AND] water can cause erosion [INFER] int1: water can decrease the amount of nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something decreases something else, then increases that something will decrease that something else [INFER] int2: increasing water in soil can decrease the amount of nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] decreaseing something can cause that something to be depleted [INFER] int3: increasing water in soil can deplete the nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] irrigation is a kind of process [AND] if a process requires something then increasing that process increases the amount of that something [INFER] int4: if irrgation requires something then increasing irrigation increases the amount of that something [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] irrigation requires water use [INFER] int5: increasing irrigation increases the amount of water being used [BECAUSE] irrigation is performed on agricultural ground [AND] agricultural ground contains soil [INFER] int6: irrigation is performed on soil in agricultural grounds [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: increasing irrigation increases the amount of water being used on soil in agricultural grounds [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: increasing irrigation can deplete the nutrients in soil in agricultural grounds
Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Recycling centers are where people take materials that may be reused to make new products. How does recycling paper positively affect the environment?
Answer: reduces trees that are cut
Hypothesis: recycling has a positive impact on the environment by reducing trees that are cut
Supporting facts: sent1: trees are a kind of resource sent2: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent3: deforestation is the process of cutting down trees sent4: removing a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent5: clearing a forest means humans cutting down the trees sent6: if something is required to create something else then that something is needed to make that something else sent7: tree roots decrease / reduce soil erosion sent8: people can plant trees sent9: cutting means changing the object from a whole into smaller pieces sent10: recyclability is a property of a material and includes ordered values of nonrecyclable / recyclable sent11: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent12: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent13: renewability is a property of resource and includes values of renewable / nonrenewable sent14: creating paper requires cutting down trees sent15: plants are a part of the environment sent16: a forest is a kind of environment sent17: an example of recycling is using an object to make a new object sent18: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent19: cutting down trees has a negative impact on an environment sent20: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent21: recycling means reusing sent22: recycling is similar to reusing sent23: an environment means an area sent24: destroying a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent25: recycling reduces the resources needed to make something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] creating paper requires cutting down trees [AND] if something is required to create something else then that something is needed to make that something else [INFER] int1: cut trees are needed to make paper [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] trees are a kind of resource [INFER] int2: cut trees are a kind of resource that is needed to make paper [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] recycling reduces the resources needed to make something [INFER] int3: recycling reduces the trees that need to be cut to make paper [BECAUSE] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [AND] cutting down trees has a negative impact on an environment [INFER] int4: decreasing the amount of trees that are cut down has a positive impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: recycling has a positive impact on the environment by reducing trees that are cut
Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?
Answer: soil erosion
Hypothesis: clearing trees from a forest causes soil erosion to increase in that forest
Supporting facts: sent1: soil loss causes an area decrease in size sent2: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent3: destroying a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent4: decreasing something decreases the parts of that something sent5: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent6: a forest is a kind of land sent7: overgrazing increases soil erosion sent8: removing forests means removing animal habitats sent9: deforested area means an area where trees have been cut down sent10: removing a forest means cutting down a forest sent11: clearing is similar to removing sent12: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent13: a decrease in soil thickness can cause harm to trees sent14: an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms sent15: if a habitat is removed then that habitat is destroyed sent16: decreasing something that reduces something else causes that something else to increase sent17: cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest sent18: cutting down trees has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent19: deforestation is the process of cutting down trees sent20: clearing a forest is similar to deforestation sent21: to prevent means to make it not happen sent22: clearing trees from a land means cutting down trees in that land sent23: tree roots reduce soil erosion sent24: replanting a plant means replacing that plant sent25: erosion usually causes harm to the environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] roots are a part of a plant / tree [AND] tree roots reduce soil erosion [INFER] int1: tree roots are a part of a tree that reduce soil erosion [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decreasing something that reduces something else causes that something else to increase [INFER] int2: decreasing tree roots causes soil erosion to increase [BECAUSE] clearing trees from a land means cutting down trees in that land [AND] a forest is a kind of land [INFER] int3: clearing trees from a forest means cutting down trees in that forest [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest [INFER] int4: clearing trees from a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest [BECAUSE] roots are a part of a plant / tree [AND] decreasing something decreases the parts of that something [INFER] int5: decreasing trees decreases tree roots [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: clearing trees from a forest causes the number of tree roots to decrease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: clearing trees from a forest causes soil erosion to increase in that forest
Question: Many different plant and animal species live in the Amazon rainforest. Which is the most likely result of large areas of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest?
Answer: a decrease in oxygen production
Hypothesis: deforestation causes the production of oxygen to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: clearing a forest is similar to deforestation sent2: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent3: plants are a source of oxygen through photosynthesis sent4: clearing a forest means humans cutting down the trees sent5: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent6: oxygen can be found in air sent7: a tree is a kind of plant sent8: producing is similar to causing sent9: a source of something produces that something sent10: removing forests means removing animal habitats sent11: removing a forest means cutting down a forest sent12: a required resource being low in availability has a negative impact on the something that requires that resource sent13: an ecosystem contains nonliving things sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat sent16: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent17: a plant is a member of a plant species sent18: deforestation means the removal of trees in a forest sent19: decreasing something positive has a negative impact on a thing sent20: if something is removed then the amount of that something decreases sent21: a tree is a kind of habitat sent22: vegetation is a part of the biosphere sent23: green plants are a kind of producer sent24: removing a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent25: vegetation means plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plants are a source of oxygen through photosynthesis [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int1: trees are a source of oxygen through photosynthesis [BECAUSE] as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease [AND] a source of something produces that something [INFER] int2: as the amount of a source of something decreases, the production of that something will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: as the amount of trees decreases the production of oxygen decreases [BECAUSE] deforestation means the removal of trees in a forest [AND] if something is removed then the amount of that something decreases [INFER] int4: deforestation causes the amount of trees in a forest to decrease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: deforestation causes the production of oxygen to decrease