ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?
Answer: Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.
Hypothesis: an example of the skeletal system interacting with the circulatory system is red blood cells carrying oxygen to the bones
Supporting facts: sent1: a relationship occurs when two or more things interact with one another sent2: organ system means body system sent3: carrier means the ones that carry sent4: blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells / rest of the body sent5: carrying is similar to conducting sent6: the heart is a part of the circulatory system sent7: the absorption of oxygen through the blood occurs in the lungs sent8: if a part of one system carries something to a part of another system, then those two systems are interacting sent9: the brain can control animal body through the nervous system sent10: blood absorbs oxygen in the lungs sent11: red blood cells are a part of blood sent12: a bone is a part of a body sent13: carrying something means moving that something sent14: skeletal system is made of bones sent15: blood is a part of the circulatory system sent16: circulation in the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body sent17: take in oxygen means get oxygen into the blood sent18: the respiratory system is a kind of human / organ / body system sent19: capillaries are a part of the circulatory system sent20: the lungs are a part of the body of an animal used for breathing air sent21: transport means to move / to make travel sent22: oxygenated means having oxygen sent23: to carry means to move something sent24: distributing is similar to carrying sent25: the muscular system is a kind of body / organ system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] circulation in the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body [AND] blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells / rest of the body [INFER] int1: the circulation of blood transports oxygen throughout the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] red blood cells are a part of blood [INFER] int2: red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a bone is a part of a body [INFER] int3: red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones of the body [BECAUSE] red blood cells are a part of blood [AND] blood is a part of the circulatory system [INFER] int4: red blood cells are a part of the circulatory system [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int5: red blood cells are a part of the circulatory system and bones are a part of the skeletal system [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the red blood cells of the circulatory system carry oxygen to the bones of the skeletal system [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if a part of one system carries something to a part of another system, then those two systems are interacting [INFER] int7: an example of the skeletal system interacting with the circulatory system is red blood cells carrying oxygen to the bones
Question: The major function of the kidneys is to
Answer: filter wastes and byproducts.
Hypothesis: the function of the kidneys is to filter waste from the blood
Supporting facts: sent1: get rid of means eliminate / remove sent2: if something is made by something else then that something is affected by that something else sent3: wasting a resource is reducing the amount of that resource without using that resource sent4: function is similar to purpose sent5: purpose means role sent6: filtering is a kind of function sent7: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent8: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent9: role means function sent10: a liver is a kind of organ sent11: where something comes from is a source of that something sent12: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent13: waste has a negative impact on the environment sent14: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent15: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent16: garbage means waste sent17: a function is an activity sent18: trash is synonymous with waste sent19: waste must be removed sent20: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent21: humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage sent22: if something gains something from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent23: kidney filter bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood sent24: a liver is a part of an animal used in digestion sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] kidney filter bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood [AND] filtering is a kind of function [INFER] int1: the function of the kidneys is to filter waste from the blood
Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?
Answer: white blood cells
Hypothesis: white blood cells destroy bacteria that enters the body
Supporting facts: sent1: destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something sent2: the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body sent3: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent4: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent5: destruction means loss sent6: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent7: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent8: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent9: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent10: bacteria can cause people to become ill sent11: infection often requires medical treatment sent12: the immune system is a kind of body / human body system sent13: white blood cells are a part of the immune system sent14: cell activity means cell process sent15: cell division means cell reproduction sent16: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent17: a type of cell destroys bacteria that enters the body sent18: eliminate means remove sent19: white is a kind of color sent20: white blood cells are a kind of cell sent21: destruction means to destroy sent22: something being destroyed means that something no longer exists sent23: determine is similar to cause sent24: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent25: preventing something decreases the amount of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something [AND] the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body [INFER] int1: the immune system destroys bacteria that has invaded the body [BECAUSE] white blood cells are a part of the immune system [AND] white blood cells are a kind of cell [INFER] int2: white blood cells are a kind of cell that is part of the immune system [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: white blood cells are a kind of cell that is part of the immune system which destroys bacteria that has invaded the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a type of cell destroys bacteria that enters the body [INFER] int4: white blood cells destroy bacteria that enters the body
Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by
Answer: producing chemicals that destroy the microbes
Hypothesis: specialized cells protect the body be producing chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes
Supporting facts: sent1: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent2: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent3: a living thing is made of cells sent4: the cells of multicellular organisms can specialize sent5: chemicals means substances sent6: cells are a part of the body sent7: protecting is a kind of function sent8: destroying something decreases the amount of that something sent9: producing is similar to causing sent10: role means function sent11: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent12: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent13: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent14: to protect means to defend sent15: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent16: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent17: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent18: producing is similar to releasing sent19: where something comes from is a source of that something sent20: specialized cells are a source of chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes sent21: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent22: a source of something produces that something sent23: destruction means to destroy sent24: disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body sent25: the body is a part of an organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] specialized cells are a source of chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes [AND] a source of something produces that something [INFER] int1: specialized cells produce chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes [BECAUSE] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [AND] destroying something decreases the amount of that something [INFER] int2: destroying something negative has a positive impact on a thing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body [INFER] int3: destroying disease-causing microbes has a positive impact on the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health [INFER] int4: destroying disease-causing microbes is a kind of method for protecting the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: specialized cells protect the body be producing chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes
Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?
Answer: The nervous system
Hypothesis: the nervous system is used for coordinating the muscles
Supporting facts: sent1: the spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system sent2: the brain is a part of the body sent3: an animal 's brain controls that animal sent4: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent5: the skeletal system is used to give structure for the body of animals sent6: the muscular system contains muscles sent7: nerves can be used to feel heat and pressure on the skin sent8: system means a set of objects sent9: physical fitness is similar to athletic ability sent10: to control something can mean to coordinate something sent11: the skeletal system is a kind of body system sent12: the brain can control animal body through the nervous system sent13: a body system is a part of the body sent14: a skeletal system is a part of an animal sent15: skeletal system is made of bones sent16: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent17: a person is a kind of animal sent18: the muscular system is a kind of body system sent19: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent20: the skeletal system is used to provide protection / shape / support for animals sent21: the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body sent22: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent23: internal organs are a part of the body sent24: organ system means body system sent25: motion / movement means moving / to move
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the brain can control animal body through the nervous system [AND] an animal 's brain controls that animal [INFER] int1: the nervous system is used for controlling the body [BECAUSE] a body system is a part of the body [AND] the muscular system is a kind of body system [INFER] int2: the muscular system is a part of the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the muscular system contains muscles [INFER] int3: muscles are a part of the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the nervous system is used for controlling the muscles [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] to control something can mean to coordinate something [INFER] int5: the nervous system is used for coordinating the muscles
Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?
Answer: nervous system
Hypothesis: the nervous system sends electrical signals to the other body systems
Supporting facts: sent1: electric devices require electrical energy to function sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: messages in the body are observations in the form of electrical signals sent4: to send means to transfer sent5: nerves are made of nerve cells sent6: where something comes from is a source of that something sent7: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent8: a body system is a part of the body sent9: something that conducts electricty can send electricity somewhere sent10: electrical current means electrical energy sent11: a person is a kind of animal sent12: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent13: an organ system is made of different parts of the body working together sent14: system means a set of objects sent15: a nerve cell is a kind of cell sent16: organ system means body system sent17: the muscular system is a kind of body / organ system sent18: a brain is a part of an animal sent19: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent20: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent21: transmitance is when a wave goes through / transmits through a surface and travels in the same direction relative to the angle of incidence sent22: electricity means electrical energy sent23: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent24: the nervous system contains nerves sent25: nerve cells conduct messages in the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the nervous system contains nerves [AND] nerves are made of nerve cells [INFER] int1: the nervous system contains nerve cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] nerve cells conduct messages in the body [INFER] int2: the nervous system conducts messages in the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] messages in the body are observations in the form of electrical signals [INFER] int3: the nervous system conducts observations in the form of electrical signals in the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] something that conducts electricty can send electricity somewhere [INFER] int4: the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a body system is a part of the body [INFER] int5: the nervous system sends electrical signals to the other body systems
Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?
Answer: The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.
Hypothesis: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the receives food from its mother through the placenta
Supporting facts: sent1: to eat means to consume food sent2: providing is a kind of function sent3: where something comes from is a source of that something sent4: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent5: if a source of food is unhealthy then the organism consuming that food will be unhealthy sent6: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent7: if something is passed down to something else then that something else receives that something sent8: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent9: an animal is a kind of consumer sent10: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent11: being unhealthy has a negative impact on an organism sent12: a baby is a kind of young animal sent13: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent14: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent15: diet means what an animal eats sent16: something recieves something else from a source of that something else sent17: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent18: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy has a negative impact on the embryo sent19: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent20: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent21: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent22: receive means get sent23: if something is required then that something must be provided sent24: food is what an animal eats sent25: decreasing something positive has a negative impact on a thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being unhealthy has a negative impact on an organism [AND] the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy has a negative impact on the embryo [INFER] int1: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy causes the embryo to be unhealthy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a source of food is unhealthy then the organism consuming that food will be unhealthy [INFER] int2: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the mother is a source of food for an embryo through the placenta [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] something recieves something else from a source of that something else [INFER] int3: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the receives food from its mother through the placenta
Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?
Answer: fertilization
Hypothesis: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization
Supporting facts: sent1: if two things provide half of something to something else, then that something else will recive a full amount of that something sent2: cell division means cell reproduction sent3: to be formed by is to be the result of sent4: new means different from the former one sent5: the parent cell is the original cell sent6: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent7: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent8: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized sent9: producing is similar to causing sent10: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent11: to make means to form sent12: a male and a female sex cell are required to perform sexual reproduction sent13: cell division often causes growth / healing sent14: to produce means to create sent15: make means produce sent16: forming is similar to converting sent17: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent18: becoming is similar to forming sent19: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent20: to produce means to result in sent21: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent22: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent23: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent24: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent25: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a male and a female sex cell are required to perform sexual reproduction [AND] each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int1: a male sex cell provide half the number of chromosomes and a female sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if two things provide half of something to something else, then that something else will recive a full amount of that something [INFER] int2: a fertilized egg recives a full set of chromosomes through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized [INFER] int3: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization
Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?
Answer: skin
Hypothesis: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from germs
Supporting facts: sent1: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent2: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent3: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent4: sweat cools / helps to cool a body sent5: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent6: if an animal 's skin looks like something then that animal looks like that something sent7: a person is a kind of animal sent8: a layer of something is similar to a part of something sent9: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent10: a surface is a part of an object sent11: cells are a part of the body sent12: hair / fur is a part of skin for protection / keeping warm sent13: preventing the transfer of heat from an organims 's body causes that organism to keep warm sent14: being in something means touching that something sent15: a germ is a kind of harmful substance sent16: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent17: protection means resistance to damage increases sent18: thickness is a property of an object and includes ordered values of thin / thick sent19: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent20: when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body sent21: sweat is a kind of liquid sent22: the immune system attacks / gets rid of bacteria / viruses once they have invaded the body sent23: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent24: a layer of something is similar to the area of something sent25: skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals [AND] skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances [INFER] int1: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from harmful substances [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a germ is a kind of harmful substance [INFER] int2: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from germs