ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of these behaviors does a dolphin learn?
Answer: balancing a ball on its nose
Hypothesis: a dolphin learns to balance a ball on its nose
Supporting facts: sent1: a balance is a kind of instrument for measuring mass / measuring weight sent2: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent3: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent4: an animal is a member of an animal species sent5: if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: a balance is used for measuring mass / weight of an object / of a substance sent8: learning / studying information causes one to know that information sent9: balancing a ball on one 's nose is a kind of trick sent10: ability is a kind of characteristic sent11: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent12: a trick is a learned behavior sent13: look at means observe sent14: the ability to do means be able to do sent15: using tools is a learned characteristic sent16: usually means most of the time sent17: both means two sent18: a dolphin can balance a ball on its nose sent19: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent20: motion / movement means moving / to move sent21: a learned characteristic is a kind of acquired characteristic sent22: skills often require practice sent23: actions mean behavior sent24: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent25: the body is a part of an organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a dolphin can balance a ball on its nose [AND] balancing a ball on one 's nose is a kind of trick [INFER] int1: a dolphin balancing a ball on its nose is a kind of trick [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a trick is a learned behavior [INFER] int2: a dolphin balancing a ball on its nose is a learned behavior [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal [INFER] int3: a dolphin learns to balance a ball on its nose
Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?
Answer: a scar on the knee
Hypothesis: a scar on the knee is not passed from parents to offspring
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is passed down to something else then that something else receives that something sent2: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics sent3: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent4: a scar is an acquired characteristic sent5: rarely means not sent6: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent7: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent8: if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene sent9: a foot is a part of some animals for walking sent10: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent11: a baby means the offspring of a parent sent12: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent13: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent14: a mother is a kind of female parent sent15: heredity is similar to inheritance sent16: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent17: a scratch is a kind of wound sent18: a scar on the knee is a kind of scar sent19: not allowed to means can not sent20: a mother births offspring sent21: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent22: except means not sent23: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have / to express that recessive trait sent24: to lack means to not have sent25: newborn means just born
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a scar on the knee is a kind of scar [AND] a scar is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int1: a scar on the knee is an acquired characteristic [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: acquired characteristics are not passed from parents to offspring [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a scar on the knee is not passed from parents to offspring
Question: Which of these behaviors did a bear most likely learn from living in its environment?
Answer: opening garbage can lids
Hypothesis: bears will learn to open the garbage can to look for food
Supporting facts: sent1: containing is similar to holding sent2: adaptations are used for survival sent3: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent4: a bear is a kind of animal sent5: a container with air holes in the top can be used for holding / capturing an animal sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: an animal will look for food in places that usually / sometimes contain food sent8: contents means the substance in a container sent9: an environment means an area sent10: garbage means waste sent11: humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage sent12: containing something is similar to holding something sent13: a garbage can sometimes contains food sent14: animals require food to survive sent15: habitat is similar to environment sent16: looking in a container sometimes requires opening that container sent17: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent18: ability is a kind of characteristic sent19: to contain means to have inside sent20: to be filled with means to contain sent21: raccoons eat trash / garbage / waste sent22: can means having the ability to sent23: using tools is a learned characteristic sent24: to contain something means to have that something sent25: if the lid of a container expands then that container will be easier to open
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals require food to survive [AND] a bear is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: bears are a kind of animal that require food to survive [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a garbage can sometimes contains food [AND] an animal will look for food in places that usually / sometimes contain food [INFER] int2: bears will learn to look in a garbage can for food to survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] looking in a container sometimes requires opening that container [INFER] int3: bears will learn to open the garbage can to look for food
Question: In the winter, the fur of the arctic fox is white. In summer, the fur darkens to a reddish brown. What most likely causes the fur of the fox to change color?
Answer: the fox's genes
Hypothesis: the fox's genes determine the color of its fur
Supporting facts: sent1: fur is a covering around the body of an animal sent2: coloration means a thing 's color sent3: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent4: if both a dominant and recessive gene are present , the dominant trait will be visible / expressed sent5: a fox is a kind of animal sent6: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent7: hiding means visibility / ability to be seen decreases for camouflage sent8: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent9: coloration is used to find a mate by some animals sent10: coloration means a pattern of colors sent11: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent12: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent13: adaptations are used for survival sent14: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent15: reproduction is when an organism passes genetic information from itself to its offspring sent16: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent17: an animal is a kind of living thing sent18: coat means fur coat sent19: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent20: the color of fur is an inherited characteristic sent21: camouflage is a kind of protection against predators / from predators / against consumers sent22: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent23: alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals sent24: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent25: trait is a kind of genetic information
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] a fox is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a fox is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the color of fur is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: the fur color of a fox is an inherited characteristic for fox [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int3: the fox's genes determine the color of its fur
Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?
Answer: DNA
Hypothesis: the genetic information in the dna is incorrect
Supporting facts: sent1: to identify means to discover sent2: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent3: characteristic means property sent4: determine is similar to cause sent5: proteins are made of a chain of 20 amino acids sent6: structure is a property of an object / a material / a substance sent7: cell division is a kind of process sent8: if something is caused by something else , then that something can be explained by that something else sent9: identical means copy sent10: identical is the opposite of different sent11: the parent cell is the original cell sent12: pairs of nucleotides link two sequences of nucleotides together sent13: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent14: to cause means to result in sent15: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent16: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent17: genetic information can be used for repairing damage by proteins sent18: a protein made by the dna has an incorrect amino acid sent19: according to is similar to be determined by sent20: genetic information can be used for making proteins sent21: recognizable property means the properties that can be used to identify something sent22: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent23: dna contains the genetic information sent24: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent25: similarity means the same property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genetic information can be used for making proteins [AND] proteins are made of a chain of 20 amino acids [INFER] int1: genetic information are used to make proteins with amino acids [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] dna contains the genetic information [INFER] int2: genetic information in dna are used to make proteins with amino acids [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a protein made by the dna has an incorrect amino acid [INFER] int3: the genetic information in the dna is incorrect
Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?
Answer: Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.
Hypothesis: jessica received the recessive gene from each of her parent
Supporting facts: sent1: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to express that recessive trait sent2: jessica is a human with light eyes sent3: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent4: color is a property of an object / a material sent5: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent6: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent7: parents are a part of a generation sent8: a child is a kind of young human sent9: genetic segregation is when each sex cell receives one copy of each chromosome sent10: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent11: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent12: genes contains genetic information sent13: light eyes are a recessive trait for human sent14: crossing / breeding a heterozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism causes their offspring to be heterozygous dominant / homozygous recessive with either of 50% probability sent15: genes are located on chromosomes sent16: both means two sent17: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent18: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent19: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent20: dark means dark in color sent21: a mother is a kind of female parent sent22: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent23: human is a kind of organism sent24: the eyes are part of the head used for seeing sent25: color is a kind of physical / visual property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light eyes are a recessive trait for human [AND] jessica is a human with light eyes [INFER] int1: jessica has a recessive trait of light eyes [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to express that recessive trait [INFER] int2: jessica received the recessive gene from each of her parent
Question: Scott was looking at the results of a cross between red and white flowers. Which is the most likely result of a cross that demonstrates incomplete dominance?
Answer: 100% pink flowers
Hypothesis: the offspring will exhibit pink flowers by incomplete dominance
Supporting facts: sent1: a result of something is evidence of that something sent2: cross-pollination increases genetic diversity sent3: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent4: color is a kind of property sent5: to show means to display sent6: result means outcome sent7: to group means to separate sent8: a property is a kind of information sent9: observe means see sent10: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent11: incomplete dominance is when offspring exhibit a combination of a property caused by the genes of its parents sent12: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent13: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent14: if two or more things are in a relationship then those things impact each other sent15: pink is a combination of red and white sent16: according to is similar to be determined by sent17: the luster of an object can be determined by looking at that object sent18: one parent has a trait of white flower sent19: genes contains genetic information sent20: data means information sent21: color is an intensive property sent22: look at means observe sent23: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent24: a homozygous dominant organism contains only dominant genes sent25: one parent has a trait of red flower
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] incomplete dominance is when offspring exhibit a combination of a property caused by the genes of its parents [AND] one parent has a trait of white flower [AND] one parent has a trait of red flower [AND] color is a kind of property [INFER] int1: the offspring will exhibit a combination of red and white color on its flower by incomplete dominance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] pink is a combination of red and white [INFER] int2: the offspring will exhibit pink flowers by incomplete dominance
Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?
Answer: the color of its fur
Hypothesis: dogs will inherit the color of fur from their parents
Supporting facts: sent1: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent2: characteristic means property sent3: a dog is a kind of animal sent4: mammals is a kind of class sent5: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent6: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent7: fur is a kind of material sent8: the color of an environment means the color of the things that environment contains sent9: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent10: coloration means a pattern of colors sent11: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent12: an animal is a member of an animal species sent13: inherited characteristics can change over several generations sent14: cub is a kind of offspring sent15: fur is often part of an animal sent16: coat means fur coat sent17: trait means property sent18: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent19: the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic sent20: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent21: fur is a covering around the body of an animal sent22: coloration means a thing 's color sent23: genes contains genetic information sent24: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent25: heredity is similar to inheritance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: offspring will inherit the color of fur from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fur is often part of an animal [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: dogs will inherit the color of fur from their parents
Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as
Answer: inherited.
Hypothesis: green eye is an inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring sent2: blue eyes are similar to light eyes sent3: parents produce offspring sent4: green is a kind of color sent5: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent6: heredity is similar to inheritance sent7: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent8: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent9: eye color is an inherited characteristic sent10: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent11: freckles are an inherited characteristic sent12: young means immature sent13: genes contains genetic information sent14: the eyes are part of the head used for seeing sent15: best means most positive sent16: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent17: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent18: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent19: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent20: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent21: trait is a kind of genetic information sent22: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent23: personality is an acquired characteristic sent24: trait means property sent25: inherited characteristics can change over several generations
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] green is a kind of color [AND] eye color is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: green eye is an inherited characteristic
Question: Why would male insects be treated to prevent sperm production?
Answer: To reduce the total population of insects
Hypothesis: the population of the insects will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent2: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent3: to inhibit means to prevent sent4: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent5: having a positive impact on reproduction increases the chance of reproduction sent6: preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction sent7: as the size of a source of something increases , the amount of something that source produces will decrease sent8: the sperm production is prevented in male insects sent9: an insect is a pollinating animal sent10: negative impacts on organisms / species will decrease the population of the organisms / the species sent11: to attract females / males means to attract mates sent12: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent13: as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease sent14: reproductive behavior is an inherited characteristic sent15: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring sent16: two females cannot usually reproduce with each other sent17: sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg sent18: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle sent19: producing is similar to causing sent20: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent21: sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity sent22: population is a measure of the number of a species in an environment sent23: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent24: controlling insects means killing insects sent25: to prevent means to make it not happen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring [AND] sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg [AND] the sperm production is prevented in male insects [INFER] int1: the sexual reproduction process is prevented in the insects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction [AND] preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction [INFER] int2: the reproduction rate in the insects will decrease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease [INFER] int3: the population of the insects will decrease