ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from
Answer: a sea
Hypothesis: water that has salt removed may have come from a sea
Supporting facts: sent1: under water means covered by water / in water sent2: water is often brackish in an estuary sent3: water has salt removed sent4: where something comes from is a source of that something sent5: if something is removed from something else then that something else contained that something sent6: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent7: something that contains water is similar to a body of water sent8: salt water is a kind of water sent9: if something exists on a surface then that surface contains that something sent10: salt water contains salt sent11: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent12: fresh water means freshwater sent13: often is similar to likely sent14: dry means low in amount of water / wetness / moisture sent15: if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up sent16: if the water is freshwater , then the water is not a source of salt sent17: a sea is a source of seawater sent18: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent19: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent20: to lack means to not have sent21: freshwater is drinkable sent22: oceans are the source of most of water vapor in the atmosphere sent23: seawater is a kind of salt water sent24: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent25: water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water has salt removed [AND] if something is removed from something else then that something else contained that something [INFER] int1: water that has salt removed contained salt [BECAUSE] salt water contains salt [AND] salt water is a kind of water [INFER] int2: salt water is a kind of water that contains salt [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: water that has salt removed was salt water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] seawater is a kind of salt water [INFER] int4: water that has salt removed may have been seawater [BECAUSE] a sea is a source of seawater [AND] if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something [INFER] int5: seawater comes from a sea [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: water that has salt removed may have come from a sea
Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?
Answer: A trail built by cutting down trees
Hypothesis: humans building trails by cutting down trees has a negative impact on that forest on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: a forest is a kind of ecosystem sent2: humans build roads sent3: removing a forest means cutting down a forest sent4: trees are a kind of natural resource sent5: a decrease is a kind of change sent6: clearing a forest is similar to deforestation sent7: the ground is part of the earth sent8: cutting means changing the object from a whole into smaller pieces sent9: to make means to build sent10: destroying a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent11: forest is synonymous with wooded area sent12: cutting down a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent13: humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent14: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent15: image means visual depiction of an object sent16: the earth contains many ecosystems sent17: removing a forest means cutting down the trees in that forest sent18: impact means effect sent19: take a picture means create a picture sent20: a trail is a kind of road sent21: cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest sent22: building usually requires cutting down trees sent23: if a tree falls then that tree is dead sent24: deforestation is the process of cutting down trees sent25: nature means a natural environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest [AND] a decrease is a kind of change [INFER] int1: cutting down trees in a forest causes that forest to change [BECAUSE] humans build roads [AND] building usually requires cutting down trees [INFER] int2: humans building roads usually requires cutting down trees [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: humans building roads by cutting down trees in a forest causes that forest to change [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a trail is a kind of road [INFER] int4: humans building trails by cutting down trees in a forest causes that forest to change [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] humans changing ecosystems / environments usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem [INFER] int5: humans building trails by cutting down trees in a forest usually has a negative impact on that forest [BECAUSE] a forest is a kind of ecosystem [AND] the earth contains many ecosystems [INFER] int6: the earth contains forests [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: humans building trails by cutting down trees has a negative impact on that forest on earth
Question: Female seals usually return to the same beaches year after year to give birth. If they are repeatedly disturbed by humans at those beaches, how will the seals most likely respond?
Answer: They will give birth at different beaches.
Hypothesis: if seals are disturbed by humans at the beaches they give birth at then those seals will give birth at different beaches
Supporting facts: sent1: animals reproduce sexually sent2: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent3: two females cannot usually reproduce with each other sent4: danger has a negative impact on a thing sent5: seals every year return to the same beaches to give birth sent6: an animal being born / being hatched when temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal 's survival / health sent7: often is similar to likely sent8: a mother births offspring sent9: place is synonymous with location sent10: an aquatic animal is a kind of animal sent11: newborn means just born sent12: to be in danger means to be around / to be near something dangerous sent13: reproductive behavior is an inherited characteristic sent14: a seal is a kind of animal sent15: something dangerous can cause harm sent16: a beach is a kind of location sent17: animals / living things live and feed in their habitats / near their habitats sent18: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent19: human is similar to individual sent20: mammals give birth to live young sent21: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent22: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent23: if humans disturb animals in a location then those animals will move to a different location sent24: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent25: reproduction produces / produce offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a beach is a kind of location [AND] if humans disturb animals in a location then those animals will move to a different location [INFER] int1: if humans disturb animals at a beach then those animals will move to a different beach [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a seal is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: if humans disturb seals at a beach then those seals will go to a different beach [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] seals every year return to the same beaches to give birth [INFER] int3: if seals are disturbed by humans at the beaches they give birth at then those seals will give birth at different beaches
Question: What is the best way to conserve natural resources in the home?
Answer: Shorten the time spent taking a shower.
Hypothesis: shortening the time spent taking a shower conserves water
Supporting facts: sent1: if something lasts longer then that something will not have to be replaced for a long time sent2: cooling means temperature decreases sent3: a nature preserve is a kind of protected area sent4: to conserve means to not change sent5: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent6: to shorten something can mean to decrease something sent7: conserving a resource requires using less of a resource sent8: to reduce means to decrease sent9: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent10: drying up means losing all water sent11: as time spent taking a shower decreases , water used will decrease sent12: nature means a natural environment sent13: water is a kind of natural resource sent14: sleeping all day has a negative impact on a human 's health sent15: quickly means in a short period of time sent16: if too much water is removed from a location then the water may become used up sent17: to last longer means to be available longer sent18: dry means low in amount of water / wetness / moisture sent19: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent20: to use less of something means to decrease the use of something sent21: an example of using less water is turning off the faucet when brushing teeth sent22: washing clothes requires water use sent23: protecting nature has a positive impact on the environment sent24: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent25: length of time means period of time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of natural resource [AND] conserving a resource requires using less of a resource [INFER] int1: conserving water requires using less water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to use less of something means to decrease the use of something [INFER] int2: conserving water requires decreasing the use of water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as time spent taking a shower decreases , water used will decrease [INFER] int3: decreasing the time spent taking a shower conserves water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] to shorten something can mean to decrease something [INFER] int4: shortening the time spent taking a shower conserves water
Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters
Answer: the quality of water
Hypothesis: acid rain alters the water quality to a lower level
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent2: rainfall means the amount of precipitation sent3: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species sent4: precipitation is when water falls from the sky sent5: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent6: acid rain causes water pollution sent7: water pollution is when humans pollute the environment with pollutants sent8: taking samples of water is used for studying the quality of water sent9: a scientist is a kind of human sent10: lowering means altering to a lower level sent11: as the amount of rainfall increases , the rate of chemical weathering will increase sent12: contaminated means polluted sent13: the temperature / ph of a body of water has an impact on the health of a body of water sent14: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent15: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent16: harming an environment causes harm to the living things / to the organisms in that environment sent17: pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society sent18: water pollution lowers the water quality sent19: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent20: humans cause pollution sent21: gases from burning coal and oil dissolving in water in the atmosphere causes acid rain sent22: an area receiving rain means rain falling in that area sent23: damage means harm sent24: rainfall means precipitation sent25: emitting sulfur dioxide causes acid rain
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water pollution lowers the water quality [AND] acid rain causes water pollution [INFER] int1: acid rain lowers the water quality [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] lowering means altering to a lower level [INFER] int2: acid rain alters the water quality to a lower level
Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?
Answer: fertilizer runoff from the farm
Hypothesis: fertilizers in the runoff from the farm can increase the population of algae
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has a positive impact on an organism 's growth then that something increases the population of that organism sent2: plants are a part of the environment sent3: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent4: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent5: fertilizers have a positive impact on algae growth sent6: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent7: producing is similar to causing sent8: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent9: a body of water contains water sent10: fertilizers are a source of pollution sent11: a pond is a kind of body of water sent12: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent13: to give off means to be the source of sent14: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent15: runoff contains fertilizers from cropland sent16: rich nutrients have a positive impact on algae / phytoplankton sent17: getting something increases the amount of that something sent18: a body of water is a source of water sent19: green plants are a kind of producer sent20: fertilizer contains chemicals sent21: where something comes from is a source of that something sent22: algae is a kind of organism sent23: a plant is a kind of organism sent24: a cropland is a kind of farm sent25: soil contains nutrients for plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] runoff contains fertilizers from cropland [AND] fertilizers have a positive impact on algae growth [INFER] int1: fertilizers in the runoff from cropland have a positive impact on algae growth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has a positive impact on an organism 's growth then that something increases the population of that organism [AND] algae is a kind of organism [INFER] int2: fertilizers in the runoff from the cropland can increase the population of algae [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a cropland is a kind of farm [INFER] int3: fertilizers in the runoff from the farm can increase the population of algae
Question: Dumping toxic chemicals into a pond would most likely result in
Answer: fish in the pond being harmed or dying off.
Hypothesis: the pond with toxic chemicals can cause fish in the pond to die
Supporting facts: sent1: a pond is a kind of body of water sent2: humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage sent3: pesticides can cause pollution sent4: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent5: a fish is a kind of organism sent6: toxic chemicals are poisonous sent7: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent8: poisonous things can cause harm to organisms sent9: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent10: harming an organism can cause that organism to die sent11: eating something that contains pollutants has a negative impact on an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent12: if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive sent13: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive sent14: danger has a negative impact on a thing sent15: controlling the amount of pollution is similar to reducing the amount of pollution sent16: humans discarding waste in an environment causes harm to that environment sent17: polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment sent18: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent19: adverse effect means negative impact sent20: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent21: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent22: human waste often causes harm to an environment sent23: saving an organism 's life means preventing the death of that organism sent24: a fish lives in water sent25: toxic chemicals are dumped into a pond
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] toxic chemicals are dumped into a pond [AND] toxic chemicals are poisonous [INFER] int1: the pond is poisonous because of toxic chemicals [BECAUSE] harming an organism can cause that organism to die [AND] poisonous things can cause harm to organisms [INFER] int2: poisonous things can cause organisms to die [BECAUSE] a pond is a kind of body of water [AND] a fish lives in water [INFER] int3: fish live in ponds [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a fish is a kind of organism [INFER] int4: a fish is a kind of organism that lives in ponds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the pond with toxic chemicals can cause fish in the pond to die
Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of
Answer: extinction.
Hypothesis: if hunting decreases the animal population to zero, then the animal will be extinct
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent2: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent3: a disruption of an ecosystem can cause an extinction sent4: hunting decreases animal populations sent5: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent6: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent7: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent8: a predator eats other animals for food sent9: if a population decreases to zero then that organism is extinct sent10: a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing sent11: if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive sent12: survival means to survive sent13: humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals sent14: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's / an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent15: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent16: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent17: an animal is a kind of organism sent18: many means high in number sent19: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent20: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent21: fur is a covering around the body of an animal sent22: if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die sent23: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent24: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent25: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] hunting decreases animal populations [AND] if a population decreases to zero then that organism is extinct [INFER] int1: if hunting decreases the animal population to zero, then the animal will be extinct
Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?
Answer: humans as predators
Hypothesis: human hunting sloths can cause sloths to be extinct
Supporting facts: sent1: more likely means increased likelihood sent2: if the population of an animal decreases then that animal may no longer be found in that place sent3: if a species is nonnative , then the species might not have natural predator sent4: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species sent5: most predators live in / live near the same environment as their prey sent6: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent7: hunting decreases animal populations sent8: hunting is when a human kills an animal for food / recreation in the wild sent9: if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead sent10: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent11: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent12: adaptations are used for survival sent13: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent14: killing a living thing decreases the number / population size of that living thing sent15: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's / an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent16: decreases in an animal population can cause that animal to be extinct sent17: if a living thing is destroyed then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent18: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent19: if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive sent20: a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing sent21: avoiding predators is synonymous with avoiding being eaten sent22: harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease sent23: become prey means get eaten sent24: having no natural predators increases population size sent25: a sloth is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decreases in an animal population can cause that animal to be extinct [AND] hunting decreases animal populations [INFER] int1: hunting an animal can cause that animal to be extinct [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a sloth is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: hunting sloths can cause sloths to be extinct [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a sloth is a kind of animal [AND] hunting is when a human kills an animal for food / recreation in the wild [INFER] int3: human hunting sloths can cause sloths to be extinct