ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?
Answer: Skin protects the body from harmful substances.
Hypothesis: the function of the skin is to protect the body from harmful substances
Supporting facts: sent1: role means function sent2: to protect means to make safe sent3: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent4: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent5: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent6: protecting is a kind of function sent7: harm means injury sent8: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent9: harm means danger sent10: harming an organism can cause that organism to die sent11: covering something is a kind of protection sent12: if something is cold in temperature , then something will be cold to touch sent13: hair / fur is a part of skin for protection / keeping warm sent14: a person is a kind of animal sent15: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent16: to protect means to defend sent17: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent18: if an animal 's skin looks like something then that animal looks like that something sent19: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent20: to hurt means to harm sent21: touching something means feeling that something sent22: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent23: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent24: material means substance sent25: skin is a kind of organ
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] protecting is a kind of function [AND] skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances [INFER] int1: the function of the skin is to protect the body from harmful substances
Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of
Answer: genes
Hypothesis: a cell of human body contains thousands of genes
Supporting facts: sent1: a body cell means a somatic cell sent2: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent3: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent4: a chromosomes of a human contains thousands of genes sent5: to contain something means to have that something sent6: many means high in number sent7: a single-celled organism is made of only one cell sent8: an organism is a living thing sent9: a single-celled organism is a kind of living thing sent10: single-cell organism means unicellular organism sent11: a single-celled organism is a kind of organism sent12: fewer means lower / less in number sent13: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent14: the cell is the most basic structural unit of life sent15: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent16: genetic information is encoded in genetic code sent17: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent18: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent19: chromosomes are located in the cells sent20: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent21: how many means what number sent22: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent23: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent24: typically means usually sent25: single means one
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] chromosomes are located in the cells [AND] a chromosomes of a human contains thousands of genes [INFER] int1: a cell of human body contains thousands of genes
Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Answer: To release energy from stored food
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent2: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent3: a function is an activity sent4: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy sent5: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent6: a cell absorbs nutrients sent7: all cells require energy sent8: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent9: purpose means role sent10: role means function sent11: all cells take in energy sent12: potential energy means stored energy sent13: living things require respiration to use energy sent14: where something comes from is a source of that something sent15: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent16: cell activity means cell process sent17: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent18: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent19: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent20: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent21: if something required by an organism is depleted then that organism must replenish that something sent22: to give off means to be the source of sent23: the cell cycle is when a cell forms new cells sent24: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent25: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?
Answer: cellular respiration
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: to eat means to consume food sent2: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent3: digestion is when food is absorbed into the blood stream sent4: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy sent5: cell division often causes growth / healing sent6: digestion is a kind of bodily process sent7: an organism eating is a kind of action sent8: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent9: breaking food into nutrients means preparing food for cells sent10: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent11: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body sent12: all cells require energy sent13: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent14: chemical energy is a kind of energy sent15: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent16: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent17: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent18: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent19: cell division is a kind of process sent20: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent21: cellular respiration is cellular digestion sent22: cell activity means cell process sent23: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent24: metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an animal 's body sent25: where something comes from is a source of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [AND] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: Which of the following parts of a plant cell has a function that is most similar to the function of an animal skeleton?
Answer: cell wall
Hypothesis: cell wall has the similar function to the skeletal system of animals
Supporting facts: sent1: if an animal 's skin looks like something then that animal looks like that something sent2: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent3: function is similar to purpose sent4: characteristic means property sent5: a function is an activity sent6: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent7: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent8: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent9: the skeletal system is used to provide protection / shape / support for animals sent10: a part of something is present in that something sent11: role means function sent12: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent13: purpose means role sent14: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent15: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent16: an animal cell is a kind of cell sent17: a function is a kind of characteristic sent18: role is similar to importance sent19: protecting is a kind of function sent20: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent21: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent22: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent23: certain is similar to specific sent24: cell activity means cell process sent25: something is used for that something 's purpose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] protecting is a kind of function [AND] a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell [INFER] int1: a cell wall is used to protect a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] protecting is a kind of function [AND] the skeletal system is used to provide protection / shape / support for animals [INFER] int2: cell wall has the similar function to the skeletal system of animals
Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?
Answer: 46
Hypothesis: a fertilized egg will have 46 chromosomes
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent2: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent3: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent4: a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes sent5: how many means what number sent6: cell division is a kind of process sent7: a cell is very small sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: counting something usually requires seeing that something sent10: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized sent11: 23 plus 23 equals 46 sent12: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent13: cells are a part of the body sent14: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent15: fertilization is a kind of process sent16: cell division means cell reproduction sent17: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent18: fertilization is when a sperm and an egg are fused together sent19: cell division often causes growth / healing sent20: cell activity means cell process sent21: many means high in number sent22: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent23: an egg cell is a kind of sex cell sent24: a sperm is a kind of sex cell sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized [AND] fertilization is when a sperm and an egg are fused together [INFER] int1: a fertilized egg is formed by a sperm and an egg fusing together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int2: a sperm and an egg each provide half of the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] a sperm is a kind of sex cell [AND] a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes [INFER] int3: a sperm of a human contains 23 chromosomes [BECAUSE] an egg cell is a kind of sex cell [AND] a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes [INFER] int4: an egg cell contains 23 chromosomes [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a fertilized egg will get 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] 23 plus 23 equals 46 [INFER] int6: a fertilized egg will have 46 chromosomes
Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?
Answer: mitochondrion
Hypothesis: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to cells
Supporting facts: sent1: oxygenated means having oxygen sent2: mitochondrion provide energy to cells using oxygen and glucose sent3: where something comes from is a source of that something sent4: sugar is a kind of food sent5: providing something means making / delivering something sent6: atp is formed by the breakdown of molecules of glucose sent7: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent8: cells are a part of the body sent9: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent10: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent11: cell division is a kind of process sent12: cell activity means cell process sent13: purpose means role sent14: oxygen can be found in air sent15: to provide means to supply sent16: atp supplies chemical energy for organisms to move sent17: both means two sent18: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent19: mitosis produces two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell sent20: all cells take in energy sent21: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent22: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent23: including means containing sent24: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent25: a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mitochondrion provide energy to cells using oxygen and glucose [AND] a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle [INFER] int1: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to cells
Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?
Answer: how many types of cells are in the organism
Hypothesis: the number of cells in the organism can be used to tell whether it is multicellular or unicellular
Supporting facts: sent1: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent2: determining is similar to controlling sent3: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent4: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent5: cells are a part of the body sent6: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent7: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: cell division is a kind of process sent10: amount is similar to number sent11: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent12: a scientist is a kind of human sent13: many means high in number sent14: information is used to describe something sent15: cell division means cell reproduction sent16: a type is synonymous with a kind sent17: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent18: an organism is a living thing sent19: a multicellular organism has more than one cell sent20: scientists make observations sent21: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent22: data means information sent23: determining often requires measuring / observing sent24: a cell is very small sent25: a unicellular organism has one cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a multicellular organism has more than one cell [AND] a unicellular organism has one cell [INFER] int1: the number of cells in the organism can be used to tell whether it is multicellular or unicellular
Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?
Answer: leaf
Hypothesis: a leaf requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent2: something is used for that something 's purpose sent3: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent4: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent5: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent6: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent7: photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent8: requiring something means needing that something sent9: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent10: chlorophyll is a part of a plant used to perform photosynthesis sent11: sunlight means solar energy sent12: solar power means solar energy sent13: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent14: if something is used by a process to make something else, then that something is required to perform that process sent15: darkness has a negative impact on photosynthesis sent16: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent17: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent18: photosynthesis is a kind of process sent19: needing something means depending on that something sent20: as flatness of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight that leaf can absorb will increase sent21: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent22: sunshine means sunlight sent23: if something is required then that something must be provided sent24: as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase sent25: leaves contain chlorophyll
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is used by a process to make something else, then that something is required to perform that process [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of process [INFER] int1: if something is used by photosynthesis to make something else, then that something is required to perfrom photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int2: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a green plant [AND] leaves contain chlorophyll [INFER] int3: a leaf is a part of a green plant that contains chlorophyll [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chlorophyll is a part of a plant used to perform photosynthesis [INFER] int4: a leaf is a part of a green plant that is able to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis [INFER] int5: a leaf performs photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: a leaf requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?
Answer: leaves
Hypothesis: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent2: place means area sent3: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent4: objects that are more exposed to sunlight are ideal for absorbing sunlight sent5: trees of different species have differently shaped leaves sent6: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent7: leaves are usually broad and flat sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: photosynthesis stores / captures energy sent10: producing is similar to causing sent11: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent12: part means role sent13: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent14: place is synonymous with location sent15: sunlight means solar energy sent16: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent17: something is used for that something 's purpose sent18: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent19: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent20: objects that are large and flat have a large surface area sent21: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent22: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent23: a large surface area is more exposed to sunlight sent24: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent25: a producer produces its own food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] objects that are large and flat have a large surface area [AND] leaves are usually broad and flat [INFER] int1: leaves usually have a large surface area [BECAUSE] a large surface area is more exposed to sunlight [AND] objects that are more exposed to sunlight are ideal for absorbing sunlight [INFER] int2: objects with a large surface area are ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: leaves are ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a leaf is a part of a green plant [INFER] int4: a leaf is a part of a green plant that is ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [INFER] int5: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis