ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?
Answer: two sticks getting warm when rubbed together
Hypothesis: frictional force between two sticks causes them to increase in temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent2: friction is a kind of force sent3: as moisture of an object decreases , the friction of that object against another object will increase sent4: producing is similar to causing sent5: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent6: friction causes an object to lose energy sent7: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent8: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent9: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent10: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent11: heat is a kind of energy sent12: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent13: if two objects are rubbing each other, then they are moving against each other sent14: warm means warm temperature sent15: moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent16: a stick is a kind of object sent17: heat means heat energy sent18: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent19: become warm means get warm sent20: an object moving from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent21: if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot sent22: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent23: if something is placed in warm air then that something will become warm sent24: two sticks are rubbing against each other sent25: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if two objects are rubbing each other, then they are moving against each other [AND] a stick is a kind of object [AND] two sticks are rubbing against each other [INFER] int1: two sticks are moving against each other [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a stick is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [INFER] int2: friction will occur between two sticks [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a stick is a kind of object [AND] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [INFER] int3: friction between two sticks will cause two sticks to increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] friction is a kind of force [INFER] int4: frictional force between two sticks causes them to increase in temperature
Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: an increase in friction will decrease the chance of a child slipping
Supporting facts: sent1: magnetism is a kind of force sent2: requiring something means needing that something sent3: to inhibit means to prevent sent4: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent5: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent6: if an object is held under a substance then that object is touching that substance sent7: material means substance sent8: a child is a kind of young human sent9: magnetic force means magnetism sent10: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent11: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent12: to prevent means to make it not happen sent13: the surface of ice exerts low friction on objects on it sent14: force requires energy sent15: friction causes an object to lose energy sent16: low friction can cause an object to slip sent17: skidding causes friction sent18: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent19: as friction increases, the chance of slipping will decrease sent20: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent21: a human is a kind of object sent22: friction is a kind of force sent23: icy means made of ice sent24: requiring is similar to needing help sent25: heat means heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of object [AND] a child is a kind of young human [INFER] int1: a child is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] low friction can cause an object to slip [AND] friction is a kind of force [INFER] int2: a low frictional force can cause a child to slip [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of object [AND] a child is a kind of young human [INFER] int3: a child is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] the surface of ice exerts low friction on objects on it [INFER] int4: a child can slip more easily on the surface of ice [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] as friction increases, the chance of slipping will decrease [AND] friction is a kind of force [INFER] int5: an increase in friction will decrease the chance of a child slipping
Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: friction will cause the rubber ball to stop by decreasing the speed of the rubber ball to zero
Supporting facts: sent1: remove means decrease sent2: rolling on a surface is a kind of moving on a surface sent3: non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching sent4: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent5: rotating is similar to moving sent6: motion / movement means moving / to move sent7: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent8: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent9: stop means not move sent10: magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact sent11: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent12: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent13: to limit means to decrease sent14: rotate means turn sent15: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent16: to reduce means to decrease sent17: a surface is a part of a material sent18: affected means changed sent19: the rubber ball is rolling across a surface sent20: skidding causes friction sent21: the object will stop when its speed is decreased to zero sent22: a rubber ball is a kind of object sent23: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent24: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent25: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the rubber ball is rolling across a surface [AND] rolling on a surface is a kind of moving on a surface [INFER] int1: the rubber ball is moving on a surface [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a rubber ball is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [INFER] int2: friction will occur between the rubber ball and the surface [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [AND] a rubber ball is a kind of object [INFER] int3: friction will cause the speed of the rubber ball to decrease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the object will stop when its speed is decreased to zero [AND] a rubber ball is a kind of object [INFER] int4: friction will cause the rubber ball to stop by decreasing the speed of the rubber ball to zero
Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?
Answer: The grass has more friction.
Hypothesis: a ball moving on the grass surface will move slower than on the concrete surface
Supporting facts: sent1: fast means quickly sent2: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent3: as the kinetic energy of an object increases , the object will travel faster sent4: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent5: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent6: sidewalk means pavement sent7: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object over time / divided by time / per unit of time sent8: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent9: concrete is usually a smooth surface sent10: asphalt has a smooth surface sent11: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent12: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent13: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent14: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent15: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent16: as the friction increases, the speed of objects will decrease more sent17: speed up means increase sent18: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent19: as kinetic energy increases , the potential energy will decrease sent20: as an object moves faster , the kinetic energy of that object will increase sent21: surfaces sometimes cause objects to break sent22: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent23: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent24: a ball is a kind of object sent25: grass is a rough surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] grass is a rough surface [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [AND] concrete is usually a smooth surface [INFER] int1: grass surface will have more friction than a concrete surface [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the friction increases, the speed of objects will decrease more [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a ball moving on the grass surface will move slower than on the concrete surface
Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?
Answer: The force of friction between the ice and the rock
Hypothesis: friction will cause the speed of the rock to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: seconds are used to measure time sent2: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent3: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent4: a rock is slided across the frozen pond sent5: texture means how an object feels sent6: rocks contacting / rubbing each other over long periods of time causes those rocks to smooth sent7: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent8: flat means level sent9: smooth is a kind of texture sent10: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent11: friction causes an object to lose energy sent12: texture is a property of surfaces / materials / objects and includes ordered values of smooth / rough sent13: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent14: flatness is a property of a surface / the shape of an object and includes ordered values of uneven / flat sent15: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent16: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent17: skidding causes friction sent18: sliding is a kind of movement sent19: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent20: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent21: stop means not move sent22: a rock is a kind of object sent23: seconds are a kind of unit for measuring time sent24: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent25: a frozen pond is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sliding is a kind of movement [AND] a rock is slided across the frozen pond [INFER] int1: a rock is moving on the frozen pond [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a rock is a kind of object [AND] a frozen pond is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two objects move against each other [INFER] int2: friction will occur between the rock and the  frozen pond [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a rock is a kind of object [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [INFER] int3: friction will cause the speed of the rock to decrease
Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force causes the soccer ball to be pulled down on a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent3: up means upward sent4: force requires energy sent5: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent6: the ground is part of the earth sent7: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent8: gravity helps move blood through the body sent9: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent10: spin means rotate sent11: rotate means turn sent12: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent13: a soccer ball is a kind of ball sent14: a ball is a kind of object sent15: the ground means earth 's surface sent16: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent17: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent18: magnetism is a kind of force sent19: as the altitude increases , the gravity will decrease sent20: gravity is a kind of force sent21: mechanical force is a kind of mechanical energy sent22: gravitational potential energy is a measure of the product of weight and height sent23: down is a kind of direction sent24: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent25: take place means happen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a soccer ball is a kind of ball [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a soccer ball is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int2: gravity is the force causes the soccer ball to be pulled down on a planet
Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because
Answer: the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: a land mass is a kind of object sent2: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent3: if an object escapes the gravitational pull of a planet then that object is no longer affected by the gravitational pull of that planet sent4: to cause means to result in sent5: a ball is a kind of object sent6: gravity is a kind of force sent7: motion / movement means moving / to move sent8: a surface is a part of an object sent9: down is a kind of direction sent10: an event is a kind of action sent11: a decrease is a kind of change sent12: the ground means earth 's surface sent13: take place means happen sent14: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent15: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent16: due to means caused by sent17: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent18: air mass means a volume of air sent19: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent20: to cause means to have an effect sent21: affected means changed sent22: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent23: as the mass of a planet / of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that planet / of that celestial object weakens sent24: pull is similar to attract sent25: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity pulls the ball down on the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: spin means rotate sent2: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent3: to cause means to result in sent4: downward means down sent5: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent6: gravitational potential energy is a measure of the product of weight and height sent7: as the force of gravity on an animal decreases , the animal can jump higher generally sent8: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent9: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent10: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent11: up means upward sent12: down is a kind of direction sent13: a ball is a kind of object sent14: rotating is similar to moving sent15: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent16: determine is similar to cause sent17: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent18: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent19: causing is a kind of function sent20: take place means happen sent21: rotate means turn sent22: motion / movement means moving / to move sent23: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent24: a pull is a kind of force sent25: to cause means to make
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [INFER] int1: gravity pulls the ball down on the planet
Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?
Answer: a paper clip attracted to a magnet
Hypothesis: a magnet attracting a paper clip is an example of non-contact force affecting an object
Supporting facts: sent1: magnetism can cause objects to repel each other sent2: a magnet attracts magnetic metals / ferromagnetic metals through magnetism sent3: friction is a kind of force sent4: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent5: magnetism is a kind of physical property sent6: a paper clip is often made of magnetic metals / ferromagnetic metals sent7: a type is synonymous with a kind sent8: colliding is a kind of touching sent9: similar means in common sent10: a paper clip is a kind of object sent11: magnetism is a kind of energy sent12: non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching sent13: magnetic energy is a kind of energy sent14: magnetic force means magnetism sent15: if two objects / two materials have the opposite electrical charge , then those two objects / those two materials will attract each other when they are close to each other sent16: friction exerts force on moving objects sent17: magnetic attraction pulls two objects together sent18: category means kind sent19: magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact sent20: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent21: force requires energy sent22: material means substance sent23: nonmetal means not metal sent24: an object is an item sent25: n means newton
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a paper clip is a kind of object [AND] a paper clip is often made of magnetic metals / ferromagnetic metals [INFER] int1: a paper clip is an object made of magnetic metals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a magnet attracts magnetic metals / ferromagnetic metals through magnetism [INFER] int2: a magnet will attract a paper clip through magnetism [BECAUSE] non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching [AND] magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact [INFER] int3: magnetism is a kind of non-contact force [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a magnet attracting a paper clip is an example of non-contact force affecting an object
Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is
Answer: made up of more than one simple machine.
Hypothesis: a bicycle is a kind of complex machine
Supporting facts: sent1: a wheel and axle is a kind of simple machine sent2: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent3: including means containing sent4: made up of means contains / made of sent5: motion / movement means moving / to move sent6: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent7: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent8: structure is a property of an object / a material / a substance sent9: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent10: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent11: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent12: form means kind sent13: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent14: an object has properties sent15: a complex machine is made of more than one simple machine sent16: a pulley is a kind of simple machine sent17: a bicycle is made of levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws sent18: bike means bicycle sent19: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent20: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent21: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent22: a lever is a kind of simple machine sent23: composed of means made of sent24: to be a combination of means to be made of sent25: a screw is a kind of simple machine
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wheel and axle is a kind of simple machine [AND] a pulley is a kind of simple machine [AND] a bicycle is made of levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws [AND] a lever is a kind of simple machine [AND] a screw is a kind of simple machine [INFER] int1: a bicycle is made of more than one simple machines [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a complex machine is made of more than one simple machine [INFER] int2: a bicycle is a kind of complex machine
Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?
Answer: Its average speed is 7 km/hr.
Hypothesis: the speed of the sailboat is 7 km/hr
Supporting facts: sent1: quantity means amount sent2: a measurement is a kind of data sent3: a sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr sent4: speed is a measure of how fast the wave passes the medium sent5: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent6: if a wheel travels on a surface then the wheel touches that surface sent7: approximately means about sent8: travel means to move sent9: speed up means increase sent10: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time sent11: hours hr are a metric unit used for measuring time generally used for values between 025 and 72 sent12: rotate means turn sent13: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent14: moving changes potential energy / stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent15: kilometers km are a metric unit used for measuring length / distance generally used for values between 1 and 50000000 sent16: rate is similar to speed sent17: fast means quickly sent18: dividing 35 by 5 equals to 7 sent19: a sailboat is a kind of object sent20: km/hr is a kind of unit for representing speed sent21: motion / movement means moving / to move sent22: calculating speed requires knowing distance travelled sent23: m/s means meters per second sent24: calculation means measurement sent25: faster means increased rate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sailboat is a kind of object [AND] a sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr [INFER] int1: a sailbot is a kind of object that travels 35 km in 5 hr [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time [AND] hours hr are a metric unit used for measuring time generally used for values between 025 and 72 [AND] kilometers km are a metric unit used for measuring length / distance generally used for values between 1 and 50000000 [INFER] int2: the speed of the sailboat can be calculated by dividing 35 by 5 [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] dividing 35 by 5 equals to 7 [AND] km/hr is a kind of unit for representing speed [INFER] int3: the speed of the sailboat is 7 km/hr