ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?
Answer: moist and warm
Hypothesis: air masses formed over the ocean near the equator are moist / warm
Supporting facts: sent1: if something increases in temperature, then that something will be warm sent2: moist means humid sent3: earth has air sent4: atmospheric means of the atmosphere sent5: a type is synonymous with a kind sent6: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent7: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent8: oceans are located on earth sent9: if something receives sunlight, then it will increase in temperature sent10: the air around the equator receives direct sunlight sent11: warm means warm temperature sent12: air mass means a volume of air sent13: atmosphere means air sent14: moisture means liquid / liquid water sent15: the atmosphere is similar to the sky sent16: the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture sent17: air temperature is a kind of temperature sent18: near / close is the opposite of far / away sent19: the atmosphere is a kind of area sent20: a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures sent21: oceans regulate the temperature of nearby land sent22: clouds are usually found in the sky sent23: humidity is a property of weather and include ordered values of dry / humid sent24: a warm front causes cloudy and rainy weather sent25: the atmosphere contains gases / liquids / solids
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the air around the equator receives direct sunlight [AND] if something receives sunlight, then it will increase in temperature [INFER] int1: the air around the equator will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something increases in temperature, then that something will be warm [INFER] int2: the air is warm around the equator [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture [INFER] int3: air masses formed over the ocean near the equator are moist / warm
Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?
Answer: The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.
Hypothesis: the weather balloon expands because the air pressure decreases at higher altitude
Supporting facts: sent1: as the altitude increases , the gravity will decrease sent2: a weather balloon is a kind of balloon sent3: length is a property of the shape of an object sent4: being around something means surrounding that something sent5: a balloon is highly flexible sent6: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent7: height is a measure of length from the top of an object to the bottom of an object sent8: as altitude increases , the temperature of the air will decrease in the troposphere sent9: as altitude increases , air pressure will decrease sent10: matter in the gas phase has variable volume sent11: height is a kind of position sent12: meters / centimeters / kilometers are used to describe distance / describe length sent13: height is a property of the size of an object sent14: air pressure affects wind speed sent15: climbing increases altitude sent16: a balloon is a kind of container sent17: as the distance from an object increases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease sent18: to reduce means to decrease sent19: length is a measure of distance from one end of an object to the other end of that object sent20: moving away from the source increases the distance sent21: as the distance from a source of something increases , that something will decrease sent22: as air pressure surrounding a flexible container decreases , that flexible container will expand sent23: an object exerts an upward force objects that sit on that object sent24: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent25: decreasing is similar to becoming smaller
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a balloon is a kind of container [AND] a balloon is highly flexible [INFER] int1: a balloon is a kind of highly flexible container [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a weather balloon is a kind of balloon [INFER] int2: a weather balloon is a kind of flexible container [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as air pressure surrounding a flexible container decreases , that flexible container will expand [INFER] int3: if the air pressure surrounding a weather balloon decreases, the weather balloon will expand [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] as altitude increases , air pressure will decrease [INFER] int4: the weather balloon expands because the air pressure decreases at higher altitude
Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
Answer: barometer
Hypothesis: a barameter is used to measure the air pressure of the atmosphere
Supporting facts: sent1: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent2: the atmosphere is a part of nature / the environment sent3: air is a part of the environment sent4: property is similar to measurement sent5: pressure is a kind of condition sent6: contains means located in sent7: an instrument is a piece of equipment sent8: air pressure is a property of  the atmosphere sent9: something is used for that something 's purpose sent10: size / amount of space means volume sent11: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent12: can be means able to be sent13: atmospheric means of the atmosphere sent14: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring sent15: a barometer is used to measure air pressure sent16: investigating sometimes requires measuring sent17: instrument means device sent18: calculation means measurement sent19: the air is a kind of substance sent20: measuring is used for describing an object sent21: instrument means tool sent22: the atmosphere contains gases / liquids / solids sent23: determining often requires measuring / observing sent24: to measure means to calculate sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a barometer is used to measure air pressure [AND] air pressure is a property of  the atmosphere [INFER] int1: a barameter is used to measure the air pressure of the atmosphere
Question: Clouds and fog are made up of
Answer: water.
Hypothesis: both fog and cloud are made of water vapor
Supporting facts: sent1: condensing means matter / a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent2: water vapor has an impact on weather conditions associated with an air mass sent3: cloudy is a kind of sky condition sent4: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent5: where something comes from is a source of that something sent6: composed of means made of sent7: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent8: air is a kind of nonliving thing sent9: wind is a kind of airflow sent10: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent11: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent12: water droplets scatter light sent13: an object is made of its parts sent14: made up of means contains / made of sent15: clouds are made of water vapor sent16: denser liquids / particles in liquids / materials settle below liquids or particles in liquids / materials that are less dense sent17: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent18: fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground sent19: the air is a kind of substance sent20: wind means moving air sent21: condensing causes a liquid to form sent22: all the other means the rest of sent23: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent24: condensing is when gasses are cooled below their boiling point sent25: something that contains water is similar to a body of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] clouds are made of water vapor [AND] fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground [INFER] int1: fog is made of water vapor [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] clouds are made of water vapor [INFER] int2: both fog and cloud are made of water vapor
Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?
Answer: Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.
Hypothesis: fog can be formed by ocean water evaporating and then condensing in the air
Supporting facts: sent1: sunlight produces heat sent2: dew is formed when water vapor condenses / cools over night sent3: releasing something into the atmosphere increases the amount of that something in the atmosphere sent4: fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground sent5: summer is when a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun sent6: sunlight means solar energy sent7: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent8: the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture sent9: vapor is synonymous with gas sent10: matter in the gas phase has variable volume sent11: oceans are the source of most of water vapor in the atmosphere sent12: matter in the gas phase has variable shape sent13: solar energy can warm up the air sent14: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent15: the sun causes water to evaporate more quickly by adding heat sent16: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent17: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent18: summer has the most sunlight sent19: fog is formed by water vapor condensing in the air sent20: condensation causes clouds to form sent21: afternoon is a part of day time sent22: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent23: water vapor is formed by water evaporating sent24: clouds are located in the atmosphere sent25: when clouds become cold , those clouds will condense
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oceans are the source of most of water vapor in the atmosphere [AND] fog is formed by water vapor condensing in the air [INFER] int1: fog can be formed by water vapor from the oceans condensing in the air [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water vapor is formed by water evaporating [INFER] int2: fog can be formed by ocean water evaporating and then condensing in the air
Question: Which of the following stream characteristics most directly affects stream depositions?
Answer: gradient
Hypothesis: the gradient of a stream will affect the stream deposition
Supporting facts: sent1: sediment falls to the bottom of bodies of water sent2: composed of means made of sent3: deposition is a kind of constructive force sent4: gradient is a property of a stream sent5: most means over 50% of something sent6: water causes soil and rock erosion sent7: both means two sent8: a result of something is evidence of that something sent9: impact means effect sent10: including means containing sent11: a component of something means a part of that something sent12: sediment means deposited materials sent13: made up of means contains / made of sent14: soil and sediment deposited by a river are usually high / rich in nutrients sent15: flowing is a kind of motion sent16: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent17: as the ability of a stream to transport sediments decreases , the deposition of materials will increase sent18: as the gradient of a stream increases , the ability of the stream to transport sediments will increase sent19: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent20: as the ability of a stream to transport sediments increases , the deposition of materials will decrease sent21: property is similar to measurement sent22: flowing is a kind of action sent23: erosion is when wind / moving water transports sediments from one place to another place for a long distance sent24: density is a property of an object / a substance and includes ordered values of dense / not dense sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the gradient of a stream increases , the ability of the stream to transport sediments will increase [AND] as the ability of a stream to transport sediments increases , the deposition of materials will decrease [INFER] int1: as the gradient of a stream increases, the stream deposition of materials will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] gradient is a property of a stream [INFER] int2: the gradient of a stream will affect the stream deposition
Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?
Answer: wind erosion
Hypothesis: wind erosion is a slow process that can change the earth's surface
Supporting facts: sent1: erosion is a kind of slow process sent2: to break down means to break into smaller pieces sent3: fast means quickly sent4: wind is a source of energy sent5: deposition is when moving water / wind moves / deposits an object / sediment from one location to a different location sent6: erosion changes the earth 's surface sent7: erosion is a kind of destructive force sent8: break down means change from a whole into pieces sent9: to change means to cause a change sent10: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent11: wind causes erosion sent12: the ground is part of the earth sent13: wind means moving air sent14: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent15: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent16: the wind blowing across the surface of the ocean causes wind-water interaction sent17: wind is a kind of airflow sent18: to convert means to change sent19: break apart means break down sent20: gradual means slow / over time sent21: a surface is a part of an object sent22: erosion is a kind of physical weathering sent23: due to means caused by sent24: wind carries / transports sand / dirt from one place to another place sent25: the ground means earth 's surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wind causes erosion [AND] erosion changes the earth 's surface [INFER] int1: wind erosion can change the earth's surface [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] erosion is a kind of slow process [INFER] int2: wind erosion is a slow process that can change the earth's surface
Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?
Answer: weathering due to freezing and thawing
Hypothesis: cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering
Supporting facts: sent1: warm / humid environment increases the rate of rocks weathering sent2: colliding is a kind of touching sent3: freezing means cold temperatures sent4: to cause the formation of means to form sent5: to break down means to break into smaller pieces sent6: ice wedging is similar to ice fracturing sent7: mechanical weathering is a kind of weathering sent8: ice is colder in temperature than water sent9: glaciers moving causes mechanical weathering sent10: weathering occurs at the the surface of the earth sent11: crumble means break down sent12: ice wedging is when ice causes rocks to crack by expanding in openings sent13: chemical weathering means chemical reaction causes the weathering of rocks sent14: erosion / weathering changes the earth 's surface sent15: cracking something usually has a negative impact on that something sent16: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent17: ice wedging is a kind of mechanical weathering sent18: cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging sent19: mechanical weathering means physical weathering sent20: chemical weathering is a kind of weathering sent21: when water freezes , that water expands sent22: glaciers moving cause scratches in rocks sent23: cold temperatures usually have a negative impact on organisms sent24: being exposed to wind / water / animals / heat can cause erosion of soil / of rocks sent25: determine is similar to cause
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] ice wedging is when ice causes rocks to crack by expanding in openings [AND] ice wedging is a kind of mechanical weathering [INFER] int1: ice wedging causes mechanical weathering by cracking the rocks [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging [INFER] int2: cycles of freezing and thawing water cause mechanical weathering
Question: High-pressure systems stop air from rising into the colder regions of the atmosphere where water can condense. What will most likely result if a high-pressure system remains in an area for a long period of time?
Answer: drought
Hypothesis: a high-pressure system can cause drought if it stays in an area for a long time
Supporting facts: sent1: to keep a process or event happening is similar to causing that process or event to happen sent2: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent3: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent4: low precipitation lasting for a long time can cause drought sent5: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent6: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent7: to prevent the occurence of an event means to decrease the occurence of the event sent8: to prevent means to make it not happen sent9: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent10: clouds produce precipitation sent11: to inhibit means to prevent sent12: to keep something occurring means to cause that something to occur sent13: a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow sent14: disrupting something from reaching something else decreases the availability of that something sent15: to remain means to stay where it is sent16: if a plant / crop requires less water then that plant / crop will survive in a drought sent17: as the amount of rainfall increases in an area , the amount of available water in that area will increase sent18: condensing means liquid water coming together in the air sent19: decreased precipitation is similar to low precipitation sent20: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent21: high pressure systems cause clear weather sent22: a required resource being low in availability has a negative impact on the something that requires that resource sent23: rainfall is the amount of rain an area receives sent24: a high-pressure system decreases the water in air to condense into clouds sent25: as air pressure decreases , the chance of rain will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] clouds produce precipitation [AND] a high-pressure system decreases the water in air to condense into clouds [INFER] int1: a high-pressure system can cause precipitation to decrease by decreasing the formation of clouds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decreased precipitation is similar to low precipitation [AND] low precipitation lasting for a long time can cause drought [INFER] int2: a high-pressure system can cause drought if it stays in an area for a long time
Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?
Answer: cool ocean waters
Hypothesis: hurricanes cannot form over cool ocean waters
Supporting facts: sent1: preparing for a storm requires predicting the occurrence of that storm sent2: a storm is a source of precipitation sent3: cool ocean waters are bodies of cool water sent4: forming a hurricane requires certain water temperature sent5: a hurricane has high wind speeds sent6: hurricane is a kind of severe weather sent7: winter is when a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun sent8: cooling means temperature decreases sent9: more likely means increased likelihood sent10: months ( m ) are a metric unit used for measuring time generally used for values between 1 and 24 sent11: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent12: heat and moisture over ocean cause the formation of a hurricane sent13: a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures sent14: front is a property of weather and includes unordered values of warm front / cold front / stationary front / occluded front sent15: when a hurricane moves over land , that hurricane will decrease in strength sent16: to reduce means to decrease sent17: may happen means having a chance of happening sent18: a warm front causes cloudy and rainy weather sent19: the air mass formed close to the ocean is humid in moisture sent20: chance means likelihood sent21: fall / autumn has moderate temperatures / weather sent22: a storm is usually a source of strong winds sent23: as distance to an ocean decreases , the temperature will decrease sent24: cool water has low heat energy sent25: annual means once per year
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat and moisture over ocean cause the formation of a hurricane [AND] forming a hurricane requires certain water temperature [INFER] int1: forming a hurricane requires the water to have enough heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cool water has low heat energy [INFER] int2: cool water cannot form a hurricane [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cool ocean waters are bodies of cool water [INFER] int3: hurricanes cannot form over cool ocean waters
Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures
Answer: wind speed.
Hypothesis: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed
Supporting facts: sent1: property is similar to measurement sent2: to measure means to calculate sent3: a vehicle is a kind of tool for travel / transport sent4: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent5: a speedometer is used for giving a driver feedback on the speed of their vehicle sent6: speed is a measure of how fast the wave passes the medium sent7: a kind of something is an example of that something sent8: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent9: motion / movement means moving / to move sent10: an anemometer is a kind of instrument sent11: air pressure affects wind speed sent12: device means tool sent13: wind means moving air sent14: calculation means measurement sent15: an instrument is a piece of equipment sent16: a speedometer is a part of an automobile sent17: a vehicle is used for travel sent18: variable means able to change sent19: instrument means device sent20: measuring is used for describing an object sent21: wind carries / transports sand / dirt from one place to another place sent22: an anemometer is used to measure wind speed sent23: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring sent24: can be means able to be sent25: meters / centimeters / kilometers are used to describe distance / describe length
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an anemometer is a kind of instrument [AND] an anemometer is used to measure wind speed [INFER] int1: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed