ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?
Answer: 50%
Hypothesis: each fruit fly parent is the source of 50% of genes in a fertilized egg
Supporting facts: sent1: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent2: a fruit fly is a kind of fly sent3: receive means get sent4: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent5: a fly is a kind of insect sent6: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent7: an insect is a kind of animal sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization sent10: fertilization is a kind of process sent11: one in two means half / 50% sent12: an animal requires a mate to fertilize an egg sent13: an insect is a pollinating animal sent14: a mother is a kind of female parent sent15: one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent16: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent17: animals reproduce sexually sent18: to produce means to provide sent19: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent20: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent21: reproduction ensures the continuation of a plant or animal species sent22: fruit is a part of a plant / tree sent23: to produce means to result in sent24: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent25: dna are a vehicle for passing genes from parent to offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fruit fly is a kind of fly [AND] a fly is a kind of insect [AND] an insect is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a fruit fly is a kind of animal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] animals reproduce sexually [INFER] int2: fruit flies reproduce sexually [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] one parent is the source of 50% of the genes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int3: each fruit fly parent is the source of 50% of genes in a fertilized egg
Question: Which action demonstrates a chemical change?
Answer: An iron nail becomes orange and flaky on the surface.
Hypothesis: a chemical reaction has happened on the iron nail
Supporting facts: sent1: becoming is similar to changing sent2: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent3: to change means to become different sent4: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent5: rusting changes the surface of the iron to be orange and flaky sent6: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent7: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent8: to become is similar to change into sent9: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent10: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent11: chemical change is the opposite of physical change sent12: to convert means to change sent13: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent14: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent15: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent16: different types of matter have different chemical properties sent17: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent18: to change means to have an effect sent19: to combust means to catch fire sent20: rusting is when iron chemically reacts with water and oxygen sent21: the surface of the iron nail becomes orange and flaky sent22: color is a property of an object / a material sent23: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent24: changing the iron in soil is a kind of chemical change sent25: to change means to cause a change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the surface of the iron nail becomes orange and flaky [AND] rusting changes the surface of the iron to be orange and flaky [INFER] int1: the iron nail has rusted [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rusting is when iron chemically reacts with water and oxygen [INFER] int2: a chemical reaction has happened on the iron nail
Question: Fanning can make a wood fire burn hotter because the fanning
Answer: adds more oxygen needed for burning
Hypothesis: fanning can cause the fire to burn hotter
Supporting facts: sent1: if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot sent2: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent3: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent4: greater means higher / more in value sent5: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent6: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent7: if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy sent8: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent9: adding heat means increasing temperature sent10: fanning increases the oxygen near the fire sent11: heat means heat energy sent12: warm up means increase temperature sent13: if something emits something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: fire transfers heat through waves sent16: if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm sent17: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent18: heating means adding heat sent19: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent20: increase means more sent21: as the amount of oxygen exposed to a fire increases, the fire will burn more sent22: heat is a kind of energy sent23: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent24: combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy sent25: thermal energy is a kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fanning increases the oxygen near the fire [AND] as the amount of oxygen exposed to a fire increases, the fire will burn more [INFER] int1: fanning can cause the fire to burn hotter
Question: Which of the following defines a compound?
Answer: atoms of different elements combined together
Hypothesis: a compound is made of atoms of different elements combined together
Supporting facts: sent1: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent2: catenation is a property of atoms sent3: sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium sent4: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent5: an element is a kind of substance sent6: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent7: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent8: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent9: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent10: catenation is when the atoms of an element bonding themselves in many ways to form a chain sent11: to be a combination of means to be made of sent12: an mixture is formed by two or more substances combined together physically sent13: many types of molecules can be formed by carbon with covalent bonds sent14: to fuse means to combine sent15: the bonds of chemical compounds contain chemical energy sent16: if two substances together form a mixture then those substances can be separated from one another by physical changes sent17: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent18: together means in a group sent19: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent20: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent21: mixture means solids combined together that maintain their physical properties sent22: if a material / a substance is a mixture of two or more materials or substances then that material / substance is made / is formed / contains those materials / substances sent23: coming together means forming a group sent24: to add means to combine sent25: chemical composition is a kind of property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [AND] an element is made of one kind of atoms [INFER] int1: a compound is made of atoms of different elements combined together
Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?
Answer: The substance changed into a new substance.
Hypothesis: a chemical change can cause new substances to form
Supporting facts: sent1: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent2: new means different from the former one sent3: to cause means to result in sent4: alteration means change sent5: observe means see sent6: look at means observe sent7: to become is similar to change into sent8: to change means to have an effect sent9: experiment is synonymous with test sent10: to change into means to form sent11: to change means to cause a change sent12: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent13: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent14: to convert means to change sent15: becoming is similar to changing sent16: chemicals means substances sent17: material means substance sent18: the effects of something is a property of that something sent19: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent20: converting is similar to turning into sent21: chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form sent22: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent23: to change means to become different sent24: to cause means to have an effect sent25: a change is a kind of difference
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] chemical reactions cause new substances / different substances to form [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int1: a chemical change can cause new substances to form
Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more
Answer: elements.
Hypothesis: calcium carbonate is a kind of compound
Supporting facts: sent1: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent2: sodium carbonate is a kind of compound sent3: carbon is a kind of element sent4: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent5: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent6: both means two sent7: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent8: three is more than two sent9: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent10: to be a combination of means to be made of sent11: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent12: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent13: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent14: being derived from is similar to being formed sent15: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent16: chemical composition is a kind of property sent17: composition means the (materials, substances) of which something is composed sent18: sodium carbonate is made of sodium, carbon, oxygen sent19: oxygen is a kind of element sent20: calcium carbonate is made of calcium, carbon, and oxygen sent21: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent22: the parts of something make up that something sent23: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent24: if a material / a substance is a mixture of two or more materials or substances then that material / substance is made / is formed / contains those materials / substances sent25: calcium is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen is a kind of element [AND] calcium is a kind of element [AND] carbon is a kind of element [INFER] int1: calcium, carbon, and oxygen are three elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] calcium carbonate is made of calcium, carbon, and oxygen [INFER] int2: calcium carbonate is made of three elements [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [INFER] int3: calcium carbonate is a kind of compound
Question: When table salt (NaCl) is produced, which of the following best describes the actions of the sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms?
Answer: Sodium and chlorine atoms bond chemically.
Hypothesis: chemical bonds are formed among sodium atom and chlorine atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: a reaction is a kind of process sent2: catenation is when the atoms of an element bonding themselves in many ways to form a chain sent3: sodium chloride is a kind of substance sent4: sodium is chemically reactive sent5: sodium is a kind of element sent6: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent7: similar means in common sent8: the tendency of an element to react chemically is determined by the number of valence electrons sent9: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements sent10: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent11: action means activity sent12: chlorine is a kind of element sent13: if the elements have similar chemical reactivity , then the elements will react with other elements in a similar way sent14: colliding is a kind of touching sent15: sodium chloride means salt sent16: both means two sent17: ionic bonds are formed by electrons transferring among atoms sent18: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent19: a compound is a kind of substance sent20: sodium chloride is made of chlorine and sodium chemically combined sent21: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent22: a compound is a kind of material sent23: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent24: interatomic means existing or acting between atoms sent25: the bonds of chemical compounds contain chemical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] chlorine is a kind of element [AND] sodium is a kind of element [INFER] int1: sodium and chlorine are two elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sodium chloride is made of chlorine and sodium chemically combined [INFER] int2: sodium chloride is made of two elements chlorine and sodium chemically combined [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements [INFER] int3: chemical bonds are formed in sodium and chlorine elements [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an element is made of one kind of atoms [INFER] int4: chemical bonds are formed among sodium atom and chlorine atoms
Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that
Answer: a chemical change occurred.
Hypothesis: a chemical reaction has taken place between limetone and hydrochloric
Supporting facts: sent1: a limestone is put into a hydrochloric acid solution sent2: a carbonated beverage contains dissolved carbon dioxide sent3: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent4: combustion is a kind of chemical change sent5: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent6: the emission of something is when something is added into the atmosphere sent7: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent8: calcium carbonate reacting with acid produces carbon dioxide sent9: limestone is made of calcium carbonate sent10: to exhale means to release sent11: rocks dissolving is a kind of chemical change sent12: to give off means to be the source of sent13: hydrochloric is a kind of acid sent14: taking in and releasing means exchanging sent15: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent16: a result of something is evidence of that something sent17: determine is similar to cause sent18: to change means to cause a change sent19: chemical reactions cause new substances to form sent20: to emit means to release sent21: boiling / evaporation means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent22: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances sent23: to convert means to change sent24: chemicals means substances sent25: breathing out is when animals exhale / expel carbon dioxide from their lungs into the air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a limestone is put into a hydrochloric acid solution [AND] hydrochloric is a kind of acid [AND] limestone is made of calcium carbonate [INFER] int1: putting a limestone in hydrochloric is similar to putting calcium carbonate into acid [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] calcium carbonate reacting with acid produces carbon dioxide [INFER] int2: limestone reacting with hydrochloric acid will produce carbon dioxide [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int3: a chemical reaction has taken place between limetone and hydrochloric
Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?
Answer: Shape
Hypothesis: folding a sheet of paper changes the physical property of the paper
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent2: different materials usually have different properties sent3: shape is a kind of physical property sent4: to convert means to change sent5: material means substance sent6: to make means to form sent7: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent8: folding an object changes the shape of the object sent9: changed is the opposite of unchanged sent10: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: shape is a kind of characteristic sent13: physical state means state of matter sent14: a change is a kind of difference sent15: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent16: a sheet of paper is a kind of object sent17: to change into means to form sent18: if the component of something changed , then the whole thing will change sent19: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent20: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent21: property is similar to measurement sent22: motion / movement means moving / to move sent23: structure is similar to shape sent24: to modify means to change sent25: a sheet of is similar to a piece of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sheet of paper is a kind of object [AND] folding an object changes the shape of the object [INFER] int1: folding a sheet of paper changes the shape of the paper [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] shape is a kind of physical property [INFER] int2: folding a sheet of paper changes the physical property of the paper
Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that
Answer: are part of the nucleus.
Hypothesis: neutrons are part of the nucleus in an atom
Supporting facts: sent1: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent2: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent3: the nucleus is made of neutrons and protons sent4: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent5: to be found in means to be contained in sent6: neutrons are a kind of subatomic particle sent7: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent8: composed of means made of sent9: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent10: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent11: a part of something is present in that something sent12: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent13: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent14: contains means located in sent15: an atom is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons sent16: the parts of something make up that something sent17: a kind of something is an example of that something sent18: a component of something means a part of that something sent19: neutrons add mass to the nucleus sent20: the nucleus is the core / center of an atom sent21: part means role sent22: made up of means contains / made of sent23: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent24: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent25: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an atom is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons [AND] neutrons are a kind of subatomic particle [INFER] int1: neutrons are particles of an atom [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the nucleus is made of neutrons and protons [INFER] int2: neutrons are a part of the nucleus [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the nucleus is the core / center of an atom [INFER] int3: neutrons are part of the nucleus in an atom