ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?
Answer: melting
Hypothesis: the ice cube will melt and change from ice to water
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent2: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent3: water is in the liquid state, called water sent4: evaporation causes amount of water to decrease sent5: liquid water cooling causes that liquid water to freeze sent6: volume has no impact on boiling / melting / freezing point sent7: matter in the liquid phase has definite volume sent8: cooling means temperature decreases sent9: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent10: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent11: ice crystals means ice sent12: water is in the solid state , called ice sent13: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent14: the ice cube will melt and change from solid to liquid by absorbing the solar energy sent15: mass has no impact on boiling / melting / freezing point sent16: an ice cube is placed in the sunlight sent17: rocks in liquid state is similar to melted rock sent18: ice is a kind of water phase sent19: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent20: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent21: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent22: warm up means increase temperature sent23: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent24: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent25: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an ice cube is placed in the sunlight [AND] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [INFER] int1: the ice cube will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [AND] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int2: the ice cube will be heated by absorbing solar energy [BECAUSE] water is in the solid state , called ice [AND] the ice cube will melt and change from solid to liquid by absorbing the solar energy [AND] water is in the liquid state, called water [INFER] int3: the ice cube will melt and change from ice to water
Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?
Answer: melting
Hypothesis: the ice cube will melt and change from ice to water
Supporting facts: sent1: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent2: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent3: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent4: matter in the liquid phase has definite volume sent5: rocks in liquid state is similar to melted rock sent6: liquid water cooling causes that liquid water to freeze sent7: evaporation causes amount of water to decrease sent8: ice crystals means ice sent9: ice is a kind of water phase sent10: volume has no impact on boiling / melting / freezing point sent11: cooling means temperature decreases sent12: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent13: the ice cube will melt and change from solid to liquid by absorbing the solar energy sent14: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent15: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy sent16: an ice cube is placed in the sunlight sent17: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent18: warm up means increase temperature sent19: water is in the liquid state, called water sent20: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent21: mass has no impact on boiling / melting / freezing point sent22: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent23: water is in the solid state , called ice sent24: as the temperature of a liquid increases , the rate of evaporation of that liquid will increase sent25: evaporating is a kind of phase change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [AND] an ice cube is placed in the sunlight [INFER] int1: the ice cube will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [AND] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [INFER] int2: the ice cube will be heated by absorbing solar energy [BECAUSE] the ice cube will melt and change from solid to liquid by absorbing the solar energy [AND] water is in the liquid state, called water [AND] water is in the solid state , called ice [INFER] int3: the ice cube will melt and change from ice to water
Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?
Answer: The ice cubes gain energy.
Hypothesis: increasing heat energy causes an ice cube to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: a solid is a kind of substance sent2: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent3: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent4: melting point is a property of a substance / material sent5: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent6: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent7: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent8: best means most positive sent9: particles in a liquid have more kinetic energy than particles in a solid sent10: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent11: an ice cube is a kind of solid sent12: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent13: particles in a solid are slower than particles in a liquid sent14: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent15: if one object absorbs more energy than another object , then the object will be warmer sent16: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent17: increase means more sent18: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent19: if heat is added to a substance then that substance absorbs that heat sent20: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent21: friction causes an object to lose energy sent22: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent23: particles in a liquid are close to each other sent24: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent25: cooling means temperature decreases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a solid is a kind of substance [AND] an ice cube is a kind of solid [INFER] int1: an ice cube is a kind of solid substance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int2: increasing heat energy causes an ice cube to melt
Question: A student left a bar of chocolate in the sun on a hot day. As the chocolate melted, which property changed?
Answer: its shape
Hypothesis: the shape of the chocolate changes when the chocolate melts
Supporting facts: sent1: a physical property is a kind of property sent2: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent3: solid is a kind of state of matter sent4: chocolate melts in the sunlight sent5: left out of means moved from sent6: an object moving from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent7: melting point is a property of a substance / material sent8: structure is similar to shape sent9: melting is when solids are heated above their melting point sent10: chocolate is a kind of solid usually sent11: moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent12: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent13: warm up means increase temperature sent14: matter in the solid phase has definite shape sent15: matter in the liquid phase has variable shape sent16: the shape of an object can be discovered through feeling that object / touching that object sent17: phase changes change the arrangement of molecules in a substance / in a sample sent18: heat energy can change the state of matter sent19: color is a property of an object / a material sent20: melting means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent21: shape is a kind of characteristic sent22: characteristic means property sent23: chocolate is a kind of substance sent24: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent25: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] chocolate is a kind of solid usually [AND] chocolate is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: chocolate is a kind of solid substance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] matter in the solid phase has definite shape [INFER] int2: chocolate in solid state will have definite shape [BECAUSE] melting means matter / a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [AND] chocolate melts in the sunlight [INFER] int3: chocolate changes from a solid to a liquid when it melts [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] matter in the liquid phase has variable shape [INFER] int4: melted chocolate will have variable shape [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the shape of the chocolate changes when the chocolate melts
Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?
Answer: boiling point
Hypothesis: water will change from a liquid to a gas when its heated above its boiling point
Supporting facts: sent1: fast means quickly sent2: heating means adding heat sent3: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent4: a liquid is a kind of substance sent5: adding heat means increasing temperature sent6: quickly means in a short period of time sent7: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent8: when gas compresses , the temperature of the gas increases sent9: most means over 50% of something sent10: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent11: when a gas in an open container evaporates / boils , that gas spreads out into the air sent12: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent13: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent14: boiling point is a kind of physical property sent15: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent16: heating a liquid can be used to identify the liquid 's boiling point sent17: vapor is synonymous with gas sent18: if gas is heated then that gas will expand / rise sent19: boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent20: as the temperature of a chemical reaction increases , the rate of the chemical reaction will increase sent21: if liquid is boiling then that liquid is hot sent22: rapidly means quickly sent23: boiling means the volume of a liquid decreases sent24: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent25: boiling is when liquids are heated above their boiling point
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] boiling is when liquids are heated above their boiling point [AND] a liquid is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: a liquid will change from a liquid to a gas when its heated above its boiling point [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [INFER] int2: water will change from a liquid to a gas when its heated above its boiling point
Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?
Answer: add heat
Hypothesis: water has to be heated to increase the motion of molecules in water
Supporting facts: sent1: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent2: applying heat means adding heat energy sent3: heat means temperature increases sent4: heat energy can change the state of matter sent5: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent6: cooking food requires adding heat energy to the food sent7: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent8: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent9: to add means to combine sent10: heat means heat energy sent11: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent12: water is a kind of substance sent13: heat energy can be used to heat up an object sent14: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent15: as the kinetic energy of particles increases , the particles will move faster sent16: adding heat means increasing temperature sent17: increase means more sent18: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent19: speed up means increase sent20: moving changes potential energy / stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent21: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent22: motion / movement means moving / to move sent23: warm up means increase temperature sent24: a source of heat can be used to heat something sent25: faster means an increase / higher in speed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart [INFER] int1: to increase the motion of molecules in water, the temperature of water has to be increased [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] heat means temperature increases [INFER] int2: water has to be heated to increase the motion of molecules in water
Question: One example of matter is
Answer: water
Hypothesis: water is made of matter
Supporting facts: sent1: matter is made of molecules sent2: an object is made of its parts sent3: water is a kind of object sent4: can be means able to be sent5: particles in objects are a kind of matter sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent8: substances are made of elements sent9: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent10: to be found in means to be contained in sent11: a living thing is a kind of object sent12: form means kind sent13: a tree is a kind of matter sent14: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent15: atom is the basic unit of matter sent16: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent17: substances are made of molecules sent18: an organism is made of organic matter sent19: air is a kind of matter sent20: a kind of something is an example of that something sent21: material means substance sent22: objects are made of matter sent23: composed of means made of sent24: materials are made of matter sent25: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] objects are made of matter [AND] water is a kind of object [INFER] int1: water is made of matter
Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of
Answer: atoms.
Hypothesis: salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: helium is a kind of substance sent2: plastic is a kind of substance sent3: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent4: both means two sent5: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent6: sodium is a kind of element sent7: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent8: matter / materials / substances are made of atoms / particles sent9: made up of means contains / made of sent10: to be found in means to be contained in sent11: atomic means of the atom sent12: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent13: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent14: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent15: composed of means made of sent16: an object is made of its parts sent17: an element is a kind of substance sent18: interatomic means existing or acting between atoms sent19: atom is a kind of particle sent20: to contain means to have inside sent21: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent22: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent23: salt water is a kind of substance sent24: hydrogen is a kind of element sent25: made of is similar to contains
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] helium is a kind of substance [AND] plastic is a kind of substance [AND] salt water is a kind of substance [AND] matter / materials / substances are made of atoms / particles [INFER] int1: salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of atoms
Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?
Answer: Balance and graduated cylinder
Hypothesis: comparing the mass and volumes of different marbles requires using a balance and graduated cylinder for each marble
Supporting facts: sent1: something is used for that something 's purpose sent2: instrument means tool sent3: mass is similar to size sent4: mass is a property of objects sent5: comparing a property of different objects requires measuring that property for each object sent6: mass is a kind of information sent7: a measurement is a kind of data sent8: an example of collecting data is measuring sent9: to measure means to calculate sent10: volume is similar to amount sent11: determining often requires measuring / observing sent12: mass is a kind of physical property sent13: calculation means measurement sent14: measuring is used for describing an object sent15: three is more than two sent16: a kilogram is a kind of unit for measuring mass sent17: a balance can be used to measure the mass of objects sent18: a ratio is a measure of one value divided by another value sent19: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent20: both means two sent21: volume is a property of objects sent22: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent23: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of objects sent24: a marble is a kind of object sent25: measuring is a kind of observing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mass is a property of objects [AND] comparing a property of different objects requires measuring that property for each object [INFER] int1: comparing the mass of different objects requires measuring the mass for each object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a balance can be used to measure the mass of objects [INFER] int2: comparing the mass of different objects requires using a balance for each object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a marble is a kind of object [INFER] int3: comparing the mass of different marbles requires using a balance for each marble [BECAUSE] volume is a property of objects [AND] comparing a property of different objects requires measuring that property for each object [INFER] int4: comparing the volume of different objects requires measuring the volume for each object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of objects [INFER] int5: comparing the volume of different objects requires using a graduated cylinder for each object [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a marble is a kind of object [INFER] int6: comparing the volume of different marbles requires using a graduated cylinder for each marble [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: comparing the mass and volumes of different marbles requires using a balance and graduated cylinder for each marble
Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?
Answer: a ruler and a balance
Hypothesis: a ruler and balance can be used to measure the length and mass of a seashell
Supporting facts: sent1: both means two sent2: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent3: a measurement is a kind of data sent4: seashell is insoluble in water sent5: all the other means the rest of sent6: a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object sent7: an object is made of its parts sent8: measuring is a kind of observing sent9: mass is similar to size sent10: to be required means to be necessary sent11: calculation means measurement sent12: requiring something means needing that something sent13: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent14: size / amount of space means volume sent15: determining often requires measuring / observing sent16: to measure means to calculate sent17: measuring is used for describing an object sent18: tidal means related to tides sent19: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent20: mass is a kind of information sent21: a ruler is used for measuring the length of an object sent22: a seashell is a kind of object sent23: must have means require sent24: long means great in length sent25: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ruler is used for measuring the length of an object [AND] a seashell is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a ruler can be used for measuring the length of a seashell [BECAUSE] a seashell is a kind of object [AND] a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object [INFER] int2: a balance is used for measuring the mass of a seashell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a ruler and balance can be used to measure the length and mass of a seashell