ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?
Answer: cold-water pool
Hypothesis: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold pool
Supporting facts: sent1: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent2: an animal is a member of an animal species sent3: zoo exhibits should contain all things required by the animals living in those exhibits sent4: frozen means solid sent5: polar bears live in cold environments sent6: cold-blooded animals cannot live in cold environments sent7: to show means to display sent8: to be found in means to be contained in sent9: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent10: to display means to exhibit sent11: a pool is a kind of body of water sent12: warm means medium heat energy / temperature sent13: a body of water is a kind of environment sent14: if an animal lives a certain environment then that animal ususally requires that kind of environment sent15: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent16: arctic animals live in an arctic environment sent17: cold means low in temperature sent18: region means place sent19: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent20: area is similar to location sent21: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent22: warm means warm temperature sent23: cooler means colder sent24: cool means cold sent25: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an animal lives a certain environment then that animal ususally requires that kind of environment [AND] polar bears live in cold environments [INFER] int1: a polar bear requires a cold environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] zoo exhibits should contain all things required by the animals living in those exhibits [INFER] int2: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold environment [BECAUSE] a pool is a kind of body of water [AND] a body of water is a kind of environment [INFER] int3: a pool is a kind of environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] cold means low in temperature [INFER] int4: a cold pool is a kind of cold environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold pool
Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?
Answer: squirrel, deer, woodpecker
Hypothesis: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are adapted to living in forests
Supporting facts: sent1: a deer is a kind of animal sent2: cold environments usually have little food for animals sent3: when a habitat can support living things , living things can live in that habitat sent4: a woodpecker is a kind of bird sent5: as population of predators increases , the population of prey will decrease in an environment sent6: habitat is similar to environment sent7: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent8: animals adapt to their environment sent9: hunting requires seeing / sensing prey sent10: a tree is a kind of habitat sent11: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent12: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent13: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's / an organism 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent14: if the environmental temperature / air temperature is too cold then an animal / a living thing in that environment may become cold sent15: adaptations are used for survival sent16: sensing food has a positive impact on finding food sent17: squirrels live in forests sent18: an animal requires a habitat for survival sent19: a squirrel is a kind of animal sent20: as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase sent21: a forest is a kind of environment sent22: woodpeckers live in forests sent23: woodland means forest sent24: the wild is similar to nature sent25: a deer lives in a forest
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] squirrels live in forests [AND] a squirrel is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: squirrels are animals live in forests [BECAUSE] a deer is a kind of animal [AND] a deer lives in a forest [INFER] int2: deer is an animal lives in a forest [BECAUSE] woodpeckers live in forests [AND] a woodpecker is a kind of bird [INFER] int3: woodpeckers are animals live in forests [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are animals that live in forests [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a forest is a kind of environment [AND] animals adapt to their environment [INFER] int5: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are adapted to living in forests
Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?
Answer: Herbivore
Hypothesis: a cow is a kind of herbivore
Supporting facts: sent1: herbivore means first-level consumer sent2: carnivores sometimes eat herbivores sent3: the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic sent4: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent5: food contains carbohydrates sent6: an animal is a kind of consumer sent7: consumers eat other organisms sent8: an animal is a member of an animal species sent9: a predator eats other animals for food sent10: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent11: living things eat their food source sent12: a producer produces its own food sent13: food is what an animal eats sent14: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent15: herbivores only eat plants sent16: as the population of plants decreases , the population of herbivores will decrease sent17: cows only eat plants sent18: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent19: diet means what an animal eats sent20: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent21: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent22: food contains nutrients for living things sent23: a plant is a member of a plant species sent24: to eat means to consume food sent25: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] herbivores only eat plants [AND] cows only eat plants [INFER] int1: a cow is a kind of herbivore
Question: American alligators are common in Florida wetlands. They are known to eat frogs, turtles, fish, mice, and birds. What role does an American alligator fill in its ecosystem?
Answer: consumer
Hypothesis: in the food chain process an alligator has the role of consumer
Supporting facts: sent1: alligators eat frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds sent2: a predator is a kind of animal sent3: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent4: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent5: role means function sent6: role means niche sent7: frogs eat insects sent8: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent9: food is what an animal eats sent10: in the food chain process herbivores have the role of primary consumer which eats producers for food sent11: frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals sent12: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent13: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat sent14: a producer produces its own food sent15: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent16: to be filled with means to contain sent17: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent18: food is a kind of resource sent19: predators / carnivores / omnivores eat other animals sent20: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent21: prey is a kind of food for predators sent22: something is used for that something 's purpose sent23: if two or more carnivores share the same ecosystem then those carnivores may share the same food source sent24: to eat means to consume food sent25: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] alligators eat frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds [AND] frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals [INFER] int1: alligators eat animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food [INFER] int2: in the food chain process an alligator has the role of consumer
Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called
Answer: herbivores.
Hypothesis: in the food chain herbivores eat plants and are a source of food for some animals
Supporting facts: sent1: a producer is a source of sugar / food energy in an ecosystem sent2: many animals are herbivores sent3: food is what an animal eats sent4: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent5: consumers eat other organisms sent6: organisms mean life sent7: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent8: green plants are a kind of producer sent9: herbivore means first-level consumer sent10: a role in the ecosystem is a role in the food chain process sent11: a producer produces its own food sent12: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent13: living things eat their food source sent14: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent15: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent16: in the food chain process herbivores have the role of primary consumer which eats producers for food sent17: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent18: as the population of plants decreases , the population of herbivores will decrease sent19: to eat means to consume food sent20: an animal is a kind of consumer sent21: producers are a source of food resource for primary consumers sent22: where something comes from is a source of that something sent23: food is a source of energy for animals / plants sent24: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent25: an animal is a member of an animal species
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the food chain process herbivores have the role of primary consumer which eats producers for food [AND] green plants are a kind of producer [INFER] int1: in the food chain an herbivore eats plants [BECAUSE] many animals are herbivores [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food [INFER] int2: in the food chain an animal with the role of consumer may eat herbivores [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int3: in the food chain herbivores are a source of food for some animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: in the food chain herbivores eat plants and are a source of food for some animals
Question: In a forest, how do decomposers help other organisms survive?
Answer: They put nutrients into the soil that plants use to grow.
Hypothesis: decomposers help a plant survive and grow by adding nutrients to soil
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place sent2: survival means to survive sent3: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent4: a tree is a kind of plant sent5: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent6: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent7: to decompose means to separate sent8: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent9: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent10: using resources decreases those resources sent11: decomposing is similar to separating sent12: the type of soil has the greatest impact on plant growth sent13: to decompose means to decay sent14: soil is formed by weathering sent15: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow / survive sent16: photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent17: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent18: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent19: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent20: if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain sent21: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent22: renewing soil increases the nutrients in soil sent23: something is used for that something 's purpose sent24: soil provides nutrients for plants sent25: topsoil is a kind of soil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int1: decomposers add nutrients to soil using decomposition [BECAUSE] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow / survive [AND] soil provides nutrients for plants [INFER] int2: a plant requires nutrients from soil to grow and survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival [INFER] int3: nutrients in soil have a positive impact on a plant's growth and survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] helping something has a positive impact on that something [INFER] int4: nutrients in soil help a plant survive and grow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: decomposers help a plant survive and grow by adding nutrients to soil
Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to
Answer: carry pollen for reproduction.
Hypothesis: a bee can help on pollination in plant reproduction by carry pollen
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent2: pollinated means after pollination sent3: pollinating is a kind of function sent4: pollination is when pollinating animals, wind, or water carry pollen from one flower to another flower sent5: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent6: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction sent7: a bee is a pollinating animal sent8: flowers sometimes become fruits after pollination sent9: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent10: flowers are a source of fruit sent11: if something is required then that something must be provided sent12: plant reproduction requires pollination sent13: needing something means depending on that something sent14: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent15: flowers often have a sweet smell to attract pollinators sent16: to carry means to transport sent17: a bird is a pollinating animal sent18: a flower 's purpose is to produce seeds sent19: when pollen sticks to a hummingbird , that pollen will move to where the hummingbird moves sent20: plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction sent21: pollinator means pollinating animal sent22: seed dispersal is a kind of method of sexual reproduction sent23: pollination requires pollinating animals sent24: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent25: requiring something means needing that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plant reproduction requires pollination [AND] pollination requires pollinating animals [INFER] int1: plant reproduction requires pollinating animals for pollination [BECAUSE] pollination is when pollinating animals, wind, or water carry pollen from one flower to another flower [AND] a bee is a pollinating animal [INFER] int2: a bee can help on pollination by carrying pollen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a bee can help on pollination in plant reproduction by carry pollen
Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?
Answer: beneficial
Hypothesis: the tree and fungus are in a beneficial relationship
Supporting facts: sent1: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent2: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent3: mutualism has a positive impact on both organisms in the relationship sent4: if something has a positive impact on something else then that something is important to that something else sent5: tree roots help fungus survive by supplying a protected environment to grow sent6: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent7: to be good for means to have a positive impact on sent8: what something needs is a property of that something sent9: requiring something means needing that something sent10: positively impacting an organism 's survival increases the likelihood of survival of that organism sent11: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent12: beneficial means helpful sent13: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent14: a beneficial relationship is when two organisms help each other survive sent15: a fungus helps the tree survive by improving the soil quality for trees sent16: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent17: best means most positive sent18: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent19: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent20: good means positive sent21: a positive impact is a helpful effect sent22: fungi absorb nutrients from decaying tissue sent23: if two or more things are in a relationship then those things impact each other sent24: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a beneficial relationship is when two organisms help each other survive [AND] a fungus helps the tree survive by improving the soil quality for trees [AND] tree roots help fungus survive by supplying a protected environment to grow [INFER] int1: the tree and fungus are in a beneficial relationship
Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see the microscopic living organisms in the pond water
Supporting facts: sent1: inspect / observe means examine sent2: length is a property of the shape of an object sent3: little means small sent4: microscopic means very small in size sent5: lab equipment is often used for measuring / observing sent6: seeing small things is difficult sent7: pond water contains microscopic living organisms sent8: looking is similar to observing sent9: optical tools are used for observing materials up close / in greater detail sent10: a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible sent11: studying something usually requires seeing that something sent12: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent13: observe means see sent14: an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger sent15: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent16: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent17: studying is similar to observing sent18: close means low in distance sent19: to observe means to gather information sent20: to study means to examine sent21: a microscope is used to see microscopic things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent22: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent23: a microorganism is very small in size sent24: as distance to an object increases , that object will appear smaller sent25: to see means to look
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microscope is used to see microscopic things by scientists by making them appear bigger [AND] pond water contains microscopic living organisms [INFER] int1: a microscope can be used to see the microscopic living organisms in the pond water
Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?
Answer: Barney has a scar on his ear.
Hypothesis: barney's scar on his ear is affected by his environment
Supporting facts: sent1: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent2: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent3: a scar is an acquired characteristic sent4: a mammal is a kind of animal sent5: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent6: barney is a human sent7: mammals is a kind of class sent8: an environment is a kind of place sent9: an environment means an area sent10: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent11: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent12: organisms / living things live in their habitat / their home sent13: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent14: barney has a scar on his ear sent15: a human is a kind of organism sent16: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent17: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent18: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent19: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent20: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent21: characteristic means property sent22: a face is often a part of an animal sent23: fur is usually part of a mammal sent24: personality is an acquired characteristic sent25: trait means property
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of organism [AND] barney is a human [INFER] int1: barney is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: barney's acquired characteristics are affected by his environment [BECAUSE] barney has a scar on his ear [AND] a scar is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int3: barney's scar on his ear is an acquired characteristic [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: barney's scar on his ear is affected by his environment