ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?
Answer: The speed and direction of the object will not change.
Hypothesis: the object will move in the same direction and at the same speed if no additional forces are applied to it
Supporting facts: sent1: moving is similar to travelling sent2: stop / stopped means zero / 0 / no speed sent3: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent4: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent5: motion / movement means moving / to move sent6: if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary sent7: to keep a process or event happening is similar to causing that process or event to happen sent8: when one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy , the total amount of energy is constant sent9: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent10: fast means quickly sent11: to remain means to not change sent12: to act on means to affect sent13: to maintain means to not change sent14: constant means not changing sent15: to prevent means to make it not happen sent16: kinetic energy is a kind of mechanical energy sent17: mechanical force is a kind of mechanical energy sent18: an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed sent19: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent20: a moving object continues to move in the same direction at constant speed unless additional forces are applied sent21: cannot means not be able to sent22: to change means to have an effect sent23: direction is similar to instruction sent24: horizontal change of motion do not change the potential energy of an object sent25: speed is a measure of how fast the wave passes the medium
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed [AND] a moving object continues to move in the same direction at constant speed unless additional forces are applied [INFER] int1: the object will move in the same direction and at the same speed if no additional forces are applied to it
Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?
Answer: force
Hypothesis: force causes the speed of an object to change
Supporting facts: sent1: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent2: to cause means to result in sent3: an increase is a kind of change sent4: a force continually acting on an object in the same direction that the object is moving can cause that object 's speed to increase in a forward motion sent5: speed up means increase sent6: to change means to cause a change sent7: moving changes position sent8: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent9: fast means quickly sent10: as the speed of an object increases , the force that object exerts will increase sent11: moving is similar to travelling sent12: a decrease is a kind of change sent13: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent14: causing is a kind of function sent15: speed is a measure of how fast the wave passes the medium sent16: as the power of the force exerted on an object increases , the speed of the object being moved by the force will increase sent17: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent18: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent19: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent20: causing is a kind of affecting sent21: to cause means to have an effect sent22: motion / movement means moving / to move sent23: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent24: due to means caused by sent25: a measure of time is a length of time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a decrease is a kind of change [AND] force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease [AND] an increase is a kind of change [INFER] int1: force causes the speed of an object to change
Question: In a car accident, a seat belt helps prevent injuries by applying a force
Answer: in the opposite direction of the passenger's motion
Hypothesis: seat belts are used for preventing injuries by applying opposite force to the passenger's motion
Supporting facts: sent1: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent2: to prevent means to make it not happen sent3: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent4: if electricity flows through / is transferred through the body of an animal then that animal is electrocuted sent5: damage means harm sent6: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent7: to prevent the occurence of an event means to decrease the occurence of the event sent8: a car is a kind of automobile sent9: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent10: impact means effect sent11: motion / movement means moving / to move sent12: harm means injury sent13: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent14: seat belts are used for preventing injuries to passengers in cars sent15: a motion is a kind of event / action sent16: a seat belt applies force in the opposite direction of the passenger 's motion sent17: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent18: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent19: harm means danger sent20: to inhibit means to prevent sent21: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent22: protection means resistance to damage increases sent23: colliding means coming into a collision sent24: to hurt means to harm sent25: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seat belts are used for preventing injuries to passengers in cars [AND] a seat belt applies force in the opposite direction of the passenger 's motion [INFER] int1: seat belts are used for preventing injuries by applying opposite force to the passenger's motion
Question: An animal has six legs. What is it most likely to be?
Answer: a fly
Hypothesis: a fly has six legs
Supporting facts: sent1: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent2: flying is a kind of motion through air / space sent3: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent4: adult birds usually fly sent5: an insect has six legs sent6: species means a group of like organisms sent7: an animal is a member of an animal species sent8: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers / wings / hollow bones sent9: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent10: wings are a part of a bird sent11: flying is a kind of locomotion sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent14: feathers are a part of a bird sent15: flight is similar to a movement in the air made by an airplane sent16: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent17: length is a part of size sent18: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent19: can be means able to be sent20: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent21: more likely means increased likelihood sent22: look at means observe sent23: living things can all reproduce sent24: a fly is a kind of insect sent25: adaptations are used for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fly is a kind of insect [AND] an insect has six legs [INFER] int1: a fly has six legs
Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?
Answer: feathers and wings
Hypothesis: feathers and wings together are distinguishing characteristics of birds
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a characteristic of only one kind of thing then that something is a distinguishing characteristic sent2: all species of birds have feathers sent3: some species mammals have wings sent4: a part of an animal is a characteristic of that animal sent5: feathers are not a part of amphibians sent6: mammals and reptiles and amphibians and birds are vertebrates sent7: wings are a part of a bird sent8: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent9: feathers are not part of mammals sent10: feathers are not a part of reptiles sent11: a beak is a part of a bird sent12: adaptations are used for survival sent13: birds with beaks of different shapes eat different foods sent14: flying is a kind of motion through air / space sent15: trait means property sent16: characteristic means property sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: both means two sent19: feathers are a part of a bird sent20: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent21: to distinguish means to tell the difference between sent22: all species of birds have wings sent23: similarity means the same property sent24: body weight is a generally acquired characteristic sent25: most species mammals do not have wings
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] feathers are a part of a bird [AND] all species of birds have feathers [INFER] int1: feathers are a characteristic of all birds [BECAUSE] feathers are not a part of reptiles [AND] feathers are not part of mammals [INFER] int2: feathers are not part of mammals or reptiles [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] feathers are not a part of amphibians [INFER] int3: feathers are not part of mammals or reptiles or amphibians [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] mammals and reptiles and amphibians and birds are vertebrates [INFER] int4: feathers are not part of any vertebrate except birds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: feathers are a characteristic all of birds and feathers are not a part of any other vertebrate [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something is a characteristic of only one kind of thing then that something is a distinguishing characteristic [INFER] int6: feathers are a distinguishing characteristic of birds [BECAUSE] all species of birds have wings [AND] wings are a part of a bird [INFER] int7: wings are a part of all birds [BECAUSE] most species mammals do not have wings [AND] some species mammals have wings [INFER] int8: wings are not a part of most mammals [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: wings are usually a part of birds [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] a part of an animal is a characteristic of that animal [INFER] int10: wings are usually a characteristic of birds [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int6 [INFER] int11: feathers and wings together are distinguishing characteristics of birds
Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?
Answer: A frog lays eggs.
Hypothesis: frogs only lay eggs during the adult stage of the life cycle process
Supporting facts: sent1: reproduction only occurs during adulthood sent2: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent3: to reproduce means to have / to produce offspring sent4: reproductive behavior is an inherited characteristic sent5: young means immature sent6: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent7: adult is similar to mature sent8: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent9: the ovaries are used in reproduction sent10: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents / cells with genetic material from both parent cells sent11: an example of reproduction is laying eggs sent12: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent13: reproduction is a kind of process sent14: an animal is a member of an animal species sent15: adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process sent16: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: a cycle happens / occurs repeatedly sent19: a tadpole is a kind of young / baby frog sent20: a frog is a kind of amphibian sent21: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle sent22: a process usually requires all of the stages in that process sent23: the reproductive system produces sperm / egg cells sent24: amphibians lay eggs sent25: life means living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a frog is a kind of amphibian [AND] amphibians lay eggs [INFER] int1: frogs lay eggs [BECAUSE] reproduction only occurs during adulthood [AND] an example of reproduction is laying eggs [INFER] int2: laying eggs only occurs during adulthood [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: frogs only lay eggs during adulthood [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process [INFER] int4: frogs only lay eggs during the adult stage of the life cycle process
Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?
Answer: A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.
Hypothesis: an example of metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from a caterpilar to a butterfly
Supporting facts: sent1: metamorphosis means complete metamorphosis sent2: to become is similar to change into sent3: to convert means to change sent4: young amphibians undergo metamorphosis sent5: converting is similar to turning into sent6: an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent7: to change means to cause a change sent8: to change means to become different sent9: killing means harming something causing death sent10: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent11: motion / movement means moving / to move sent12: an animal is a member of an animal species sent13: becoming is similar to changing sent14: the body is a part of an organism sent15: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent16: an amphibian is a kind of animal sent17: to transform means to convert sent18: the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar sent19: a zygote contains all the genes needed to develop into a new organism sent20: the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly sent21: form is similar to body sent22: to change means to have an effect sent23: to change into means to form sent24: a change is a kind of event sent25: a butterfly is a kind of insect
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form [AND] a butterfly is a kind of insect [INFER] int1: an example of metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from an immature form to an adult form [BECAUSE] the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar [AND] the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly [INFER] int2: the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar and the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an example of metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from a caterpilar to a butterfly
Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?
Answer: growth
Hypothesis: cell division causes growth
Supporting facts: sent1: growing means a plant 's height / mass / size increase sent2: if the number of cells in a living thing increases then more cells are produced in that living thing sent3: where something comes from is a source of that something sent4: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent5: growth means size increases sent6: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent7: cell division means cell reproduction sent8: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent9: to produce means to result in sent10: larger living things are made up of more cells than smaller living things sent11: forming is similar to growing sent12: the cell cycle is when a cell forms new cells sent13: made up of means contains / made of sent14: cell division produces cells sent15: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent16: cell activity means cell process sent17: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent18: growing larger is when size increases sent19: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent20: an increase is a kind of change sent21: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent22: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent23: when a plant grows , the size of / number of the leaves of that plant may increase sent24: growth is a stage in the life cycle process sent25: a plant cell is a kind of cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] larger living things are made up of more cells than smaller living things [AND] growth means size increases [INFER] int1: if a living thing grows then the number of cells in that living thing increases [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the number of cells in a living thing increases then more cells are produced in that living thing [INFER] int2: growth requires the production of more cells [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cell division produces cells [INFER] int3: growth requires cell division [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something causes a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int4: cell division causes growth
Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?
Answer: hearing
Hypothesis: the prarie dogs can hear other prarie dogs bark
Supporting facts: sent1: underground means under ground sent2: finding something requires sensing that something sent3: hearing is used to identify sound sent4: a prairie dog is a kind of animal sent5: noise means sound sent6: a prarie dog barks to communicate sent7: sound means sound energy sent8: talking is when a human produces sound to communicate sent9: a dog is a kind of animal sent10: volume / sound intensity is a property of sound / sound energy and includes ordered values of quiet / normal / loud sent11: communicating means sharing information sent12: vibrations are a source of sound sent13: avoiding something requires sensing that something sent14: communication can be used to warn people of dangers sent15: sound can be used for communication by animals sent16: echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound sent17: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent18: louder means higher / greater in volume sent19: better senses have a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent20: if the frequency of a sound wave is too high , then human cannot hear the sound sent21: intense sound energy can move objects sent22: dogs can hear sounds with higher frequency than human can sent23: sensing a warning means receiving a warning sent24: human voice is a kind of sound sent25: sense is used for obtaining information about one 's environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound can be used for communication by animals [AND] hearing is used to identify sound [INFER] int1: animals hear other animals communicate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a prairie dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: prairie dogs hear other prairie dogs communicate [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a prarie dog barks to communicate [INFER] int3: the prarie dogs can hear other prarie dogs bark
Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?
Answer: webbed feet
Hypothesis: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for living in water
Supporting facts: sent1: an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent2: habitat is similar to environment sent3: toad is a kind of animal sent4: the mature / adult form of a tadpole is called a frog sent5: underwater means covered by water sent6: aquatic animals live in bodies of water sent7: characteristic means property sent8: adaptations are used for survival sent9: moving fast in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival sent10: an adaptation is an adaptive feature sent11: adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival sent12: the immature / young / baby form of a frog is called a tadpole sent13: adult amphibians live on land sent14: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent15: some frogs live in ponds sent16: under water means covered by water / in water sent17: aquatic animal means water animal sent18: webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals sent19: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent20: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent21: swimming is when humans / animals can move in water sent22: floating on water is a kind of adaptation sent23: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent24: a body of water is a kind of environment sent25: a tadpole requires water to breathe
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals [AND] moving fast in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [INFER] int1: webbed feet have a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival [INFER] int2: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for aquatic animals [BECAUSE] living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment [AND] a body of water is a kind of environment [INFER] int3: living in a body of water causes an organism to adapt to that body of water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] aquatic animals live in bodies of water [INFER] int4: aquatic animals adapt to living in water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for living in water