ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of
Answer: adaptations for flight
Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers / wings / hollow bones
Supporting facts: sent1: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent2: the skeletal system is used to give structure for the body of animals sent3: some birds use flight to find food sent4: adaptations are used for survival sent5: hollow bones are lighter in weight sent6: flying is a kind of motion through air / space sent7: a limb often contains bones sent8: avoiding predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival sent9: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent10: migration is a kind of adaptation sent11: animals require food for survival sent12: if something is used by an organism for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that organism's ability to perform that process sent13: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent14: being lightweight has a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly sent15: ability is a kind of characteristic sent16: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent17: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent18: some birds use flight to avoid predators sent19: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent20: feathers are a part of some wings sent21: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent22: adult birds usually fly sent23: hollow bones cause an animal to be lightweight sent24: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent25: an instinctive behavior is a kind of inherited characteristic / behavioral adaptation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wings are used to fly through air by birds [AND] feathers are a part of some wings [INFER] int1: wings and feathers are used to fly by birds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is used by an organism for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that organism's ability to perform that process [INFER] int2: wing and feathers have a positive impact on a bird's ability to fly [BECAUSE] being lightweight has a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly [AND] hollow bones cause an animal to be lightweight [INFER] int3: hollow bones have a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: wings and feathers and hollow bones have a positive impact on a bird's ability to fly [BECAUSE] some birds use flight to avoid predators [AND] avoiding predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival [INFER] int5: some birds use flight for survival by avoiding predators [BECAUSE] animals require food for survival [AND] some birds use flight to find food [INFER] int6: some birds use flight for survival by finding food [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: many birds use flight for survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: birds use wings and feathers and hollow bones for survival by positivly impacting their ability to fly [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int9: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers / wings / hollow bones
Question: The systems of the human body work together. Which system works with the skeletal system by pulling on the bones to create movement?
Answer: muscular
Hypothesis: the muscular system pulls bones to move the bones
Supporting facts: sent1: motion / movement means moving / to move sent2: together means in a group sent3: the brain is a part of the body sent4: system means a set of objects sent5: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent6: the ability to do means be able to do sent7: the muscular system contains muscles sent8: a limb often contains bones sent9: muscular movement helps animals move sent10: a component of something means a part of that something sent11: organ system means body system sent12: pulling is a kind of motion sent13: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent14: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent15: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent16: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent17: moving a part of something helps that something move sent18: an animal is a kind of living thing sent19: force requires energy sent20: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent21: a bone is a part of a body sent22: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent23: to work means to function sent24: a brain is a part of an animal sent25: creating means making
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moving a part of something helps that something move [AND] muscular movement helps animals move [INFER] int1: muscular movement moves a part of animals to help them move [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a bone is a part of a body [INFER] int2: muscular movement moves bones to help animals move [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] pulling is a kind of motion [INFER] int3: muscles  pull bones to move the bones [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the muscular system contains muscles [INFER] int4: the muscular system pulls bones to move the bones
Question: When a person sees something, what carries the message from the eyes to the brain?
Answer: nerves
Hypothesis: nerves carry messages from the eyes to the brain
Supporting facts: sent1: to see means to look sent2: sensory organs are used for sensing sent3: eyes are a part of a human for seeing sent4: nerve cells conduct messages in the body sent5: a face is often a part of an animal sent6: nerves are made of nerve cells sent7: an image transmits visual information sent8: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent9: if something is transported to something else then that something else receives that something sent10: seeing is used for sensing visual things sent11: if something is received on a location then that something can be observed on that location sent12: messages in the body are electrical signals sent13: look at means observe sent14: the brain is a part of a body sent15: looking is similar to observing sent16: something that conducts electricity can carry electricity sent17: visible means able to be seen sent18: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent19: where something comes from is a source of that something sent20: sensory organs are a part of the body sent21: sight means vision sent22: transmitance is when a wave goes through / transmits through a surface and travels in the same direction relative to the angle of incidence sent23: feeling is when an living thing senses through touch sent24: to transmit means to carry to another place sent25: the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] messages in the body are electrical signals [AND] nerve cells conduct messages in the body [INFER] int1: nerve cells conduct messages in the body in the form of electrical signals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something that conducts electricity can carry electricity [INFER] int2: nerve cells carry messages in the body in the form of electrical signals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] nerves are made of nerve cells [INFER] int3: nerves carry messages in the body [BECAUSE] the brain is a part of a body [AND] sensory organs are a part of the body [INFER] int4: sensory organs and the brain are parts of a body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: nerves carry messages from sensory organs to the brain [BECAUSE] seeing is used for sensing visual things [AND] sensory organs are used for sensing [INFER] int6: some sensory organs are used for seeing [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] eyes are a part of a human for seeing [INFER] int7: eyes are a kind of sensory organ [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: nerves carry messages from the eyes to the brain
Question: What are the two main jobs of the skeletal system?
Answer: support and protect the body
Hypothesis: protection and support are jobs of the skeletal system
Supporting facts: sent1: to do a job means to perform a job sent2: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent3: something hard can be used for protection sent4: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent5: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent6: the ability to do means be able to do sent7: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent8: bone is rigid sent9: skeletal system is made of bones sent10: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent11: to protect means to defend sent12: both means two sent13: bone is hard sent14: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent15: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent16: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent17: role means function sent18: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent19: protection means resistance to damage increases sent20: organ system means body system sent21: an organ system is made of different parts of the body working together sent22: something rigid can be used to provide support sent23: if something is used for something else, then that something else is the job of that something sent24: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent25: to be used for something means to help to do that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] something rigid can be used to provide support [AND] bone is rigid [INFER] int1: bones can be used to provide support [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int2: the skeletal system is used to provide support for animals [BECAUSE] bone is hard [AND] something hard can be used for protection [INFER] int3: bones can be used for protection [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int4: the skeletal system can be used for protection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the skeletal system can be used for protection and support [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something is used for something else, then that something else is the job of that something [INFER] int6: protection and support are jobs of the skeletal system
Question: The body of a fish is covered by scales for
Answer: protection.
Hypothesis: scales are used for protection by fish
Supporting facts: sent1: a fish is a kind of scaled animal sent2: something dangerous can cause harm sent3: an animal 's shell is usually hard for protection sent4: something harmful can cause harm sent5: the head is a part of an animal sent6: a sharp object can be used for protection sent7: protection means resistance to damage increases sent8: scales are a covering around the body of a scaled animal sent9: a predator eats other animals for food sent10: humans sometimes eat fish sent11: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent12: scales are used for protection by scaled animals sent13: to protect means to make safe sent14: to protect means to defend sent15: protecting is a kind of function sent16: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent17: an animal is a member of an animal species sent18: predators eat prey sent19: hard objects can vibrate more than soft objects sent20: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent21: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent22: aquatic animal means water animal sent23: something is used for that something 's purpose sent24: if an animal 's skin looks like something then that animal looks like that something sent25: to hurt means to harm
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fish is a kind of scaled animal [AND] scales are a covering around the body of a scaled animal [INFER] int1: fish is a kind of scaled animal with scales covering around the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] scales are used for protection by scaled animals [INFER] int2: scales are used for protection by fish
Question: One thing that all human cells have in common is that they
Answer: take in energy.
Hypothesis: all human cells take in energy
Supporting facts: sent1: an organism requires energy for growth / repair sent2: a human cell is a kind of cell sent3: take in means absorb sent4: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent5: cells are a part of the body sent6: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent7: cell division often causes growth / healing sent8: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent9: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent10: a body cell means a somatic cell sent11: cell division means cell reproduction sent12: all cells take in energy sent13: taking in and releasing means exchanging sent14: taking in something means acquiring that something sent15: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent16: cell division is a kind of process sent17: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent18: where something comes from is a source of that something sent19: cellular energy is a kind of chemical energy sent20: cell activity means cell process sent21: cellular respiration is a kind of process sent22: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent23: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent24: a cell absorbs nutrients sent25: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all cells take in energy [AND] a human cell is a kind of cell [INFER] int1: all human cells take in energy
Question: An elephant is a multicellular organism that weighs about 200 pounds at birth and can grow to weigh as much as 15,000 pounds. What increases as the elephant grows into an adult?
Answer: the number of cells in its body
Hypothesis: the number of cells in the adult elephant will be more than the number of cells in the baby elephant
Supporting facts: sent1: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent2: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent3: a mammal is a kind of animal sent4: cell division means cell reproduction sent5: growing is when an animal 's height / mass / size increase sent6: baby animals become adult animals sent7: increase means more sent8: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent9: adult is similar to mature sent10: a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all of the processes of life sent11: in the mammal life cycle , growth can follows birth sent12: as the number of offspring an animal has increases , the number of offspring surviving will increase sent13: baby elephant will grow into adult elephant sent14: pounds ( lb ) are a imperial unit used for measuring mass / weight generally used for values between 1 and 50000000 sent15: cell activity means cell process sent16: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent17: cell division often causes growth / healing sent18: amount is similar to number sent19: cell division is a kind of process sent20: an organism is a living thing sent21: a cell is very small sent22: weight is a property of objects / matter sent23: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent24: how many means what number sent25: a baby is a kind of young animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] baby elephant will grow into adult elephant [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int1: cell division causes the baby elephant to grow into adult elephant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division increases the number of cells in the body [INFER] int2: the number of cells in the adult elephant will be more than the number of cells in the baby elephant
Question: What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer: In mitosis, the products are identical to the parent cell, while in meiosis the products are different from the parent cell.
Hypothesis: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell and meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
Supporting facts: sent1: parents produce offspring sent2: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent3: shape is a kind of physical property sent4: a single-celled organism is made of only one cell sent5: the parent cell is the original cell sent6: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent7: cell division is a kind of process sent8: both means two sent9: characteristic means property sent10: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell sent11: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent12: meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell sent13: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent14: an object is made of its parts sent15: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent16: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent17: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent18: an organism is a living thing sent19: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent20: cells are a part of the body sent21: identical means copy sent22: a chemical property is a kind of property sent23: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent24: a physical property is a kind of property sent25: product means result
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell [AND] meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell [INFER] int1: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell and meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
Question: Which is the result of mitosis?
Answer: two identical nuclei
Hypothesis: mitosis is a source of two identical nuclei
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause means to have an effect sent2: can be means able to be sent3: make means produce sent4: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell sent5: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent6: a result of something is evidence of that something sent7: similar means in common sent8: to be formed by is to be the result of sent9: materials are made of matter sent10: mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell sent11: identical means copy sent12: a living thing is made of cells sent13: stay the same means not changing sent14: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent15: result means outcome sent16: substances are made of matter sent17: both means two sent18: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent19: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent20: if something is caused by something else , then that something can be explained by that something else sent21: if something is copied then that something will be the same / similar / identical sent22: forming something is a kind of change sent23: nucleus is a part of an atom sent24: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent25: to cause means to make
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell [AND] mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: mitosis is a source of two identical nuclei
Question: Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?
Answer: a chloroplast
Hypothesis: chloroplast can only be found in a plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: to contain means to have inside sent2: only plant cells have chloroplast sent3: can be means able to be sent4: contains means located in sent5: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent6: chloroplast is a part of a plant cell sent7: a part of something is present in that something sent8: nonliving things are not made of cells sent9: including means containing sent10: found in means existing in sent11: cannot is the opposite of can sent12: a plant is a member of a plant species sent13: existence is similar to living sent14: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent15: to discover means to find sent16: if a plant is planted / growing somewhere then that plant is located there sent17: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent18: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent19: similar means in common sent20: an object is made of its parts sent21: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent22: where something comes from is a source of that something sent23: both means two sent24: composed of means made of sent25: made up of means contains / made of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something [AND] chloroplast is a part of a plant cell [INFER] int1: chloroplast can be found in a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] only plant cells have chloroplast [INFER] int2: chloroplast can only be found in a plant cell
Question: Which cell structure carries out a function for a cell that is similar to the function that bark carries out for a tree?
Answer: cell wall
Hypothesis: a cell wall has a similar function to the bark of a tree
Supporting facts: sent1: protecting is a kind of function sent2: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent3: the cell wall causes the plant cell to be more rigid than the animal cell sent4: purpose means role sent5: a function is an activity sent6: role is similar to importance sent7: hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators sent8: being around something means surrounding that something sent9: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent10: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent11: providing structure is a kind of function sent12: carrying is similar to conducting sent13: covering something is a kind of protection sent14: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent15: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent16: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent17: role means function sent18: to protect means to defend sent19: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent20: function is similar to purpose sent21: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent22: bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree sent23: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent24: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent25: cell activity means cell process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] protecting is a kind of function [AND] bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree [INFER] int1: bark is used to protect the tree [BECAUSE] protecting is a kind of function [AND] a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell [INFER] int2: a cell wall is used to protect a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a cell wall has a similar function to the bark of a tree