ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is it safer to look at the Moon than it is to look at the Sun?
Answer: The Moon is less bright.
Hypothesis: looking at the moon has less of a negative impact on the eyes
Supporting facts: sent1: looking is similar to observing sent2: looking directly at an eclipse of the sun causes harm to the eyes sent3: the moon reflects sunlight towards the earth sent4: looking at bright objects has a negative impact on the eyes sent5: seeing requires light sent6: something dangerous can cause harm sent7: avoiding is similar to preventing sent8: difficulty seeing means visibility decreases sent9: to prevent the occurence of an event means to decrease the occurence of the event sent10: an example of being careful is avoiding danger sent11: the dark half of the moon is not visible sent12: something harmful can cause harm sent13: the moon is less bright than the sun sent14: to keep something from happening means to prevent that something sent15: if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light sent16: light rays can have a negative impact on the eyes sent17: if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen sent18: a person should be careful about something dangerous sent19: to watch means to look at sent20: as the amount of light decreases , the difficulty to see shadows will increase sent21: as light pollution increases , seeing the stars will be harder sent22: if something is outside during the day , then that something will reflect enough light to be seen sent23: to get a better look at means to see better sent24: not looking means not seeing sent25: to see means to look
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the moon is less bright than the sun [AND] looking at bright objects has a negative impact on the eyes [INFER] int1: looking at the moon has less of a negative impact on the eyes
Question: Which physical characteristic of Earth is similar to a physical characteristic of the Moon?
Answer: its mountain ranges
Hypothesis: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent2: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent3: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent4: characteristic means property sent5: similar means in common sent6: a landform is a kind of place sent7: place is synonymous with location sent8: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent9: nearby is similar to near sent10: mountain is a kind of geographic obstacles sent11: distant means great in distance sent12: the surface of the earth contains mountains sent13: the surface of the moon contains mountains sent14: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent15: to cross means to pass sent16: elevation is a measure of the height above the sea level sent17: the moon 's surface contains highlands sent18: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent19: distant means far away sent20: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent21: landform means surface feature / physical feature / land feature sent22: altitude is the distance from the ground to an object in the sky sent23: a property of something is a feature of that something sent24: place means area sent25: mountain area means mountain range
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the surface of the earth contains mountains [AND] the surface of the moon contains mountains [INFER] int1: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Question: Which of these locations in the solar system contains the most asteroids?
Answer: between Mars and Jupiter
Hypothesis: the asteroid belt that contains the largest concentration of asteroids is located between mars and jupiter
Supporting facts: sent1: contains means located in sent2: an asteroid impact is a kind of event sent3: earth is greater in mass than mars sent4: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent5: mars is a kind of inner planet sent6: the asteroid belt orbits the sun sent7: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent8: location is a kind of relationship sent9: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent10: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent11: place is synonymous with location sent12: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent13: to be found in means to be contained in sent14: the location of an object can be used to describe that object sent15: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent16: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent17: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent18: mostly means being the most sent19: the asteroid belt is located between mars and jupiter sent20: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent21: system means a set of objects sent22: how many means what number sent23: furthest / farthest means greatest / most / highest in distance sent24: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent25: the asteroid belt contains the largest concentration of asteroids in the solar system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the asteroid belt is located between mars and jupiter [AND] the asteroid belt contains the largest concentration of asteroids in the solar system [INFER] int1: the asteroid belt that contains the largest concentration of asteroids is located between mars and jupiter
Question: Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?
Answer: average size, average temperature
Hypothesis: the sun is average in size and average in temperature in our galaxy
Supporting facts: sent1: similar means in common sent2: a galaxy is a kind of structure sent3: the location of an object can be used to describe that object sent4: the surface of the sun is extremely hot in temperature with values as high as 20 000 000  c sent5: a galaxy is made of a group of objects in space sent6: the sun is average in temperature for a star in our galaxy sent7: being in the sun is synonymous with being in the sunlight sent8: the property of something is the same for the things of same kind sent9: average is similar to usual sent10: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy sent11: our sun is located at the center of our solar system sent12: as the temperature of an object increases , the size of that object will increase sent13: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent14: best means most positive sent15: a star is very hot in temperature sent16: stars are located light years apart from each other sent17: a description sometimes provides information sent18: size difference is a kind of difference sent19: to be characterized by a property means to have that property sent20: yellow dwarf is a kind of small star sent21: a yellow dwarf is a kind of main-sequence star sent22: a physical property is a kind of property sent23: to be found in means to be contained in sent24: characteristic means property sent25: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy [AND] the sun is average in temperature for a star in our galaxy [INFER] int1: the sun is average in size and average in temperature in our galaxy
Question: Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope?
Answer: moons around Jupiter
Hypothesis: a reflecting telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter
Supporting facts: sent1: visible means able to be seen sent2: if something is received on a location then that something can be observed on that location sent3: a satellite is a kind of instrument for observing earth 's surface sent4: saturn is a kind of planet sent5: some celestial bodies rotate in space sent6: a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body sent7: celestial bodies / celestial objects are found in space sent8: planets orbit stars sent9: observable means visible sent10: celestial bodies move in orbits in space around other celestial bodies sent11: a celestial body is any identifiable object in space sent12: jupiter is a kind of planet sent13: planets are found in space sent14: a telescope is used for observing moons by astronomers sent15: a moon is a kind of satellite sent16: a satellite orbits a planet sent17: astronomical body means celestial body sent18: a reflecting telescope is a kind of telescope sent19: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent20: celestial objects are located in outer space sent21: neptune is a kind of planet in the solar system sent22: uranus is a kind of planet sent23: if an object orbits a celestial object then that object is probably a celestial object as well sent24: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent25: moons orbit planets
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] jupiter is a kind of planet [AND] moons orbit planets [INFER] int1: moons orbit jupiter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a telescope is used for observing moons by astronomers [INFER] int2: a telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a reflecting telescope is a kind of telescope [INFER] int3: a reflecting telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter
Question: The Moon orbits Earth at a speed of approximately one kilometer per second. The Moon is kept in orbit by which of the following?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity causes the moon to orbit around the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: approximately means about sent2: take place means happen sent3: moons orbit planets sent4: gravity causes orbits sent5: a revolution occurs when something revolves around something else sent6: a celestial body travelling around another celestial body means that celestial body completes a cycle around that other celestial body sent7: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent8: orbit means orbital path sent9: motion / movement means moving / to move sent10: due to means caused by sent11: the earth has more mass than the moon sent12: a complete revolution / orbit of the moon around the earth takes 1 / one month sent13: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring / cannot occur sent14: satellites are found in space sent15: a pull is a kind of force sent16: a moon is a kind of satellite sent17: force requires energy sent18: the moon orbits the earth sent19: determining is similar to controlling sent20: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent21: the moon 's orbit is elliptical sent22: the moon is earth 's moon sent23: movements of celestial bodies are a kind of event sent24: controlling is a kind of function sent25: the moon orbiting the earth occurs once per month
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the moon orbits the earth [AND] gravity causes orbits [INFER] int1: gravity causes the moon to orbit around the earth
Question: Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?
Answer: Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
Hypothesis: the grand canyon used to be covered by oceans in the past
Supporting facts: sent1: fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time sent2: the location of an object can be used to describe that object sent3: a dinosaur is a kind of reptile sent4: ocean animal is similar to water animal sent5: a reptile is a kind of vertebrate sent6: an animal is a member of an animal species sent7: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent8: fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth sent9: fossils can be used as evidence for the existence of a kind of organism sent10: if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past sent11: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent12: studying fossils is used to learn about organisms from long ago sent13: containing fossils is a kind of characteristic of sedimentary rock sent14: a part of a living thing is a natural structure sent15: a reptile is a kind of animal sent16: plants can be fossilized into sedimentary rocks sent17: fossils of ocean animals were found at the grand canyon sent18: ocean animals are a kind of water animals living in oceans sent19: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent20: aquatic animal means water animal sent21: organisms are located on the surface of the earth sent22: preserved means from the past / from long ago sent23: a dinosaur is a kind of ancient organism sent24: bones can be fossilized into sedimentary rocks sent25: the grand canyon is a kind of place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [AND] ocean animals are a kind of water animals living in oceans [AND] an ocean is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: if fossils of ocean animals are found in a place then that place used to be covered in ocean in the past [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fossils of ocean animals were found at the grand canyon [AND] the grand canyon is a kind of place [INFER] int2: the grand canyon used to be covered by oceans in the past
Question: Which of these provides the best evidence that the environment of Earth has changed over millions of years?
Answer: marine fossils found in mountains
Hypothesis: the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains
Supporting facts: sent1: if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past sent2: environments changing can cause layers of rock that are near each other or on top of each other to have different amounts of fossils / different kinds of rock sent3: bodies of water are located on the surface of the earth sent4: under water means covered by water / in water sent5: organisms can be found in their habitats sent6: a mountain is a kind of environment sent7: a body of water is a kind of environment sent8: fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time sent9: marine means relating to the sea sent10: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent11: a body of water contains water sent12: an aquatic animal is a kind of animal sent13: age means the amount of time passed since something is formed sent14: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent15: something that contains water is similar to a body of water sent16: marine animals are water animals sent17: place is synonymous with location sent18: fossil means preserved remains of ancient organisms sent19: organisms are located on the surface of the earth sent20: if something used to be in the past then that something has changed sent21: organisms lived in the water when they first appeared on earth sent22: marine fossils are found in mountains sent23: marine fossils means fossils of marine animals sent24: aquatic animals / plants live in bodies of water sent25: aquatic animal means water animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] marine animals are water animals [AND] marine fossils means fossils of marine animals [INFER] int1: marine fossils are fossils of water animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] marine fossils are found in mountains [INFER] int2: fossils of water animals are found in mountains [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [INFER] int3: the mountains used to be covered by water in the past [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something used to be in the past then that something has changed [AND] a mountain is a kind of environment [AND] a body of water is a kind of environment [INFER] int4: the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains
Question: Quartz and feldspar are two common minerals. When they are found mixed together in nature they form
Answer: rocks.
Hypothesis: sometimes rocks are formed by quartz and feldspar mixed together
Supporting facts: sent1: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent2: coming together means forming a group sent3: igneous rock is a kind of rock sent4: similar means in common sent5: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else sent6: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent7: rock means stone sent8: quartz is a kind of mineral sent9: both means two sent10: rock is made of minerals sent11: nature means a natural environment sent12: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent13: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed sent14: minerals have different recognizable properties sent15: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent16: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent17: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent18: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent19: if two things are made from the same objects / material then those two things are similar sent20: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent21: feldspar is a kind of mineral sent22: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent23: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent24: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent25: together means in a group
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rock is made of minerals [AND] feldspar is a kind of mineral [AND] quartz is a kind of mineral [INFER] int1: sometimes rocks are formed by quartz and feldspar mixed together
Question: Structural geologists study rock formations to determine the type of environment in which the rocks formed and the events that shaped the rocks. Paleontologists study fossils found in rock formations. Scientists in both these fields have a common interest in discovering the
Answer: history and processes of Earth.
Hypothesis: structural geologists and paleontologists both study the history and processes of earth
Supporting facts: sent1: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent2: ancient means a long time in the past sent3: conclusions can be drawn about changes in organisms over time by determining the age of fossils of those organisms sent4: rock formation can be used to study the history of rocks on earth sent5: fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth sent6: the rock cycle is a cyclical process, with stages of formation, weathering, erosion sent7: paleontologists study fossils in rock formations sent8: the formation of something is a kind of process sent9: to discover means to make a discovery sent10: natural events usually cause changes to earth 's surface sent11: if the formation of something is found in a place , then the formation of that something will be associated with that place sent12: formation of a state of matter is a kind of process sent13: earth 's surface is made of rock sent14: how earth 's environment changed is a part of the history of earth 's environment sent15: structural geologists study rock formations sent16: a part of a process means a stage in a process sent17: fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time sent18: to discover means to find sent19: history means the past sent20: similar means in common sent21: studying something usually requires seeing that something sent22: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent23: fossil means preserved remains of ancient organisms sent24: determining often requires measuring / observing sent25: the origin of the rocks means the way the rocks are formed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rock formation can be used to study the history of rocks on earth [AND] the formation of something is a kind of process [INFER] int1: studying rock formations can mean studying the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] structural geologists study rock formations [INFER] int2: structural geologists study the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] how earth 's environment changed is a part of the history of earth 's environment [AND] fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth [INFER] int3: studying fossils in rock formations can mean studying the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] paleontologists study fossils in rock formations [INFER] int4: paleontologists study the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: structural geologists and paleontologists both study the history and processes of earth
Question: Rocks in warm and humid environments can be weathered faster than rocks in other environments. Which is most likely the next step in the rock cycle for weathered rocks?
Answer: They become eroded.
Hypothesis: after weathering, erosion will be the next step in the rock cycle
Supporting facts: sent1: in the rock cycle , formation of sediments follows weathering and erosion sent2: moist means humid sent3: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent4: if a step follows another step , then that step will be the next step sent5: rate is similar to speed sent6: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent7: erosion / weathering changes the earth 's surface sent8: speed up means increase sent9: weathering occurs at the the surface of the earth sent10: crumble means break down sent11: warm means warm temperature sent12: fast means quickly sent13: break apart means break down sent14: rocks contacting / rubbing each other over long periods of time causes those rocks to smooth sent15: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent16: in the formation of sedimentary rock , erosion is the first stage sent17: in the rock cycle , erosion follows weathering sent18: a step in a process means a stage in a process sent19: to break down means to break into smaller pieces sent20: erosion is when wind / moving water transports sediments from one place to another place for a long distance sent21: more quickly is similar to increased rate sent22: if something is required in a process then obtaining that something is a step in that process sent23: cold and dry climates decrease the speed of weathering process sent24: mechanical weathering is a kind of weathering sent25: as rocks are buried deeper below other rocks , the pressure / heat on that rock will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the rock cycle , erosion follows weathering [AND] if a step follows another step , then that step will be the next step [INFER] int1: after weathering, erosion will be the next step in the rock cycle