ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which best explains why children resemble their parents?
Answer: They have similar DNA.
Hypothesis: children usually resemble parents
Supporting facts: sent1: heredity is similar to inheritance sent2: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by dna sent3: genetic engineering is when scientists transfer a section of dna from one organism into the dna of another organism sent4: childern is similar to offspring sent5: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent6: similarity means the same property sent7: heredity is when genetic information is passed from one generation to the next sent8: if something is copied then that something will be the same / similar / identical sent9: fingerprints are usually unique sent10: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent11: the sequence of nucleotides contains genetic information for the organism sent12: genetic information contains instructions for the passage of traits from one generation to the next sent13: a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information sent14: similar means in common sent15: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an organism 's / offspring 's survival / health / ability to reproduce sent16: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent17: genes is a vehicle for passing genetic information from one generation to the next sent18: each is similar to individual sent19: if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will have similar characteristics sent20: resemble means look like sent21: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent22: resemble means similar characteristics sent23: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent24: offspring receive genes from their parents through dna sent25: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by dna [AND] offspring receive genes from their parents through dna [INFER] int1: offspring will have similar dna to their parents [BECAUSE] if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will have similar characteristics [AND] resemble means similar characteristics [INFER] int2: if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will resemble each other [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] childern is similar to offspring [INFER] int3: children usually resemble parents
Question: Dr. Tanaka discovered a new virus. The virus has a single strand of a nucleic acid, but she does not know if it is DNA or RNA. After running tests, she concludes that it is DNA. Which of the following would lead her to that conclusion?
Answer: It contains thymine.
Hypothesis: the researcher found a strand of dna
Supporting facts: sent1: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent2: including means containing sent3: thymine cannot be found in rna sent4: contains means located in sent5: a researcher found thymine in a strand of nucleic acid sent6: lead is a kind of element sent7: thymine is found in dna sent8: to contain something means to have that something sent9: where something comes from is a source of that something sent10: to discover means to find sent11: containing something is similar to providing that something sent12: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent13: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent14: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent15: dna is a kind of nucleic acid sent16: bromine is a kind of element sent17: acid is a kind of substance sent18: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent19: pairs of nucleotides link two sequences of nucleotides together sent20: the structure of an atom can be used for identifying the element sent21: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent22: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent23: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent24: a compound can be chemically separated into the elements that it is made of sent25: if something contains something else , then that something else will be the component of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] dna is a kind of nucleic acid [AND] thymine cannot be found in rna [AND] thymine is found in dna [INFER] int1: if thymine is found in a strand of nucleic acid, then the nucleic acid is dna [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a researcher found thymine in a strand of nucleic acid [INFER] int2: the researcher found a strand of dna
Question: Which situation is an example of an inherited trait?
Answer: lions preying on zebras
Hypothesis: lions eating zebras is an example of inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent2: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent3: a lion is a kind of animal sent4: panthers eat deers sent5: an animal is a kind of consumer sent6: a food preference is a kind of preference sent7: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent8: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent9: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent10: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent11: an instinctive behavior is a kind of inherited characteristic / behavioral adaptation sent12: a zebra is a kind of animal sent13: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent14: the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic sent15: consumers eat other organisms sent16: a tiger is a kind of animal sent17: trait means property sent18: a reptile is a kind of animal sent19: lion eat zebras sent20: heredity is similar to inheritance sent21: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent22: a predator is a kind of animal sent23: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent24: a gorilla is a kind of animal sent25: if an animal eats another animal, then the animal that is eaten is on the other animal's diet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a zebra is a kind of animal [AND] lion eat zebras [AND] if an animal eats another animal, then the animal that is eaten is on the other animal's diet [AND] a lion is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: zebras are on lions' diet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic [AND] a lion is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: lions eating zebras is an example of inherited characteristic
Question: Materials combine chemically or physically. Which materials form a new substance when chemically combined?
Answer: baking soda and vinegar
Hypothesis: combining baking soda and vinegar can cause chemical reactions
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reaction means chemical bonds change sent2: combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions sent3: becoming is similar to forming sent4: forming something is a kind of change sent5: dissolving is a kind of mixing sent6: to add means to combine sent7: vinegar is a kind of substance sent8: if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties sent9: glycogen is a kind of substance sent10: material means substance sent11: chemical compounds contain chemical bonds between atoms / between elements sent12: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent13: chemical bonds are formed by chemically combining elements / atoms / molecules sent14: to convert means to change sent15: an example of a chemical change is acid breaking down substances sent16: baking soda is a kind of substance sent17: to make means to form sent18: chemicals means substances sent19: acid is a kind of substance sent20: in a chemical reaction reactants have the role of molecules / substances that chemically combine sent21: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent22: substances have chemical properties sent23: to change into means to form sent24: baking soda can react chemically with vinegar sent25: chemical reactions releasing new substances means chemical reactions forming new substances
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] baking soda is a kind of substance [AND] vinegar is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: combining baking soda and vinegar is combining two substance together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions [AND] baking soda can react chemically with vinegar [INFER] int2: combining baking soda and vinegar can cause chemical reactions
Question: Which is an example of a physical change?
Answer: ice melting
Hypothesis: ice melting is a kind of physical change
Supporting facts: sent1: to change means to cause a change sent2: melting is a kind of phase change sent3: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent4: phase means state sent5: adding heat means increasing temperature sent6: snow is a kind of ice sent7: warm up means increase temperature sent8: heating means adding heat sent9: to change into means to form sent10: change is a kind of process sent11: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent12: melting point is a property of a substance / material sent13: state of matter means physical state sent14: chemical change is the opposite of physical change sent15: forming something is a kind of change sent16: ice wedging is when ice causes rocks to crack by expanding in openings sent17: frozen means solid sent18: physical state means state of matter sent19: heat means heat energy sent20: to convert means to change sent21: phase changes are a kind of physical change sent22: ice is colder in temperature than water sent23: melting point means temperature at which a solid melts / above which a solid melts sent24: freezing point is similar to melting point sent25: a change is a kind of event
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] melting is a kind of phase change [AND] phase changes are a kind of physical change [INFER] int1: ice melting is a kind of physical change
Question: Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as
Answer: an acid.
Hypothesis: lemon juice is sour in taste
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent2: plants can produce acid sent3: lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red sent4: an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red sent5: poison causes harm to living things / organisms sent6: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent7: acid can cause chemical change sent8: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent9: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent10: combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions sent11: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent12: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred sent13: different types of matter have different chemical properties sent14: classify is similar to characterize sent15: lemon juice is corrosive sent16: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent17: to categorize means to classify sent18: vinegar is acidic sent19: chemicals means substances sent20: an example of a chemical change is starch turning into sugar through reactions with saliva sent21: a lemon has strong odor sent22: ph is a measure of acidity of a substance ranging from 0 to 14 sent23: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent24: an acid is corrosive sent25: an acid is often sour in taste
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an acid is corrosive [AND] an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red [INFER] int1: an acid is corrosive and can change the color of litmus paper from blue to red [BECAUSE] lemon juice is corrosive [AND] lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red [INFER] int2: lemon juice is corrosive and can change the color of litmus paper from blue to red [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: lemon juice is a kind of acid [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an acid is often sour in taste [INFER] int4: lemon juice is sour in taste
Question: Which of the following best describes an atom?
Answer: a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Hypothesis: an atom is made of a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Supporting facts: sent1: atom is a kind of particle sent2: composed of means made of sent3: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent4: nuclear fusion happens in the core of a star sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: atomic means of the atom sent7: the location of an electron is determined by the attraction of the nucleus sent8: electrons surround the nucleus of an atom sent9: to be found in means to be contained in sent10: to be formed by is to be the result of sent11: neutrons add mass to the nucleus sent12: a physical property is a kind of property sent13: similar means in common sent14: electron configuration is a property of elements sent15: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent16: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent17: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent18: the nucleus is the core of an atom sent19: being around something means surrounding that something sent20: including means containing sent21: contains means located in sent22: both means two sent23: made of is similar to contains sent24: electrons are found farthest from the center of the atom sent25: made up of means contains / made of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int1: the core of an atom is made of protons and neutrons [BECAUSE] the nucleus is the core of an atom [AND] electrons surround the nucleus of an atom [INFER] int2: electrons surround the core of an atom [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an atom is made of a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Question: What would be the result of adding one proton to an atom?
Answer: the atomic number would change
Hypothesis: the atomic number of the atom will change
Supporting facts: sent1: to cause means to result in sent2: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent3: an electron is a kind of subatomic particle sent4: a change is a kind of difference sent5: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: atoms are made of particles sent8: adding one proton to an atom changes the proton number of the atom sent9: to change means to have an effect sent10: to change means to cause a change sent11: if a value decreases then that value may become / may reach zero / 0 sent12: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent13: atom is a kind of particle sent14: a result of something is evidence of that something sent15: atomic means of the atom sent16: composed of means made of sent17: if something is caused by something else , then that something can be explained by that something else sent18: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent19: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent20: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent21: an object is made of its parts sent22: atomic number is determined by the proton number of an atom sent23: an electron is a kind of charged particle sent24: to convert means to change sent25: if an event occurs by adding something then that event requires that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] atomic number is determined by the proton number of an atom [AND] adding one proton to an atom changes the proton number of the atom [INFER] int1: the atomic number of the atom will change
Question: Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in
Answer: the nucleus.
Hypothesis: most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus
Supporting facts: sent1: mass is a kind of physical property sent2: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent3: a proton is a part of an atom / an element sent4: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent5: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent6: to be found in means to be contained in sent7: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent8: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent9: neutrons are a part of the nucleus sent10: mass is a kind of information sent11: electrons have 0 in mass in the current atom model sent12: neutrons have more mass than an electron sent13: approximately means about sent14: one proton has one atomic mass unit sent15: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent16: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent17: a revolution occurs when something revolves around something else sent18: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent19: electrons surround / orbit the nucleus of an atom sent20: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent21: one neutron has one atomic mass unit sent22: n means newton sent23: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent24: proton is a kind of subatomic particles sent25: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electrons have 0 in mass in the current atom model [AND] one proton has one atomic mass unit [AND] one neutron has one atomic mass unit [INFER] int1: only protons and neutrons add mass to the atom [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons [INFER] int2: most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus
Question: How is the structure of an atom best described?
Answer: a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Hypothesis: an atom has a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Supporting facts: sent1: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent2: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent3: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent4: physical state means state of matter sent5: shape is a kind of physical property sent6: a physical property is a kind of property sent7: neutrons are a kind of subatomic particle sent8: best means most positive sent9: the nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons sent10: good means positive sent11: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent12: neutrons add mass to the nucleus sent13: the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by  almost empty space sent14: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent15: the nucleus is the core of an atom sent16: a neutron has a neutral electric charge sent17: negative charge is a kind of electric charge sent18: the location of an electron is determined by the attraction of the nucleus sent19: ^+ means positive charge sent20: nuclear fusion happens in the core of a star sent21: mostly means being the most sent22: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent23: the sun is made of hydrogen and helium sent24: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent25: electron configuration is a property of elements
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a neutron has a neutral electric charge [AND] a proton has a positive 1 electric charge [INFER] int1: protons and neutrons together will be positive in charge [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons [INFER] int2: the nucleus of an atom is positive in charge [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int3: an atom has a positve charged core [BECAUSE] the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by  almost empty space [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int4: the core of an atom is surrounded by almost empty space [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an atom has a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Question: Where is the smallest negatively-charged particle found in an atom?
Answer: orbits around the nucleus
Hypothesis: the smallest, negatively-charged particles in the atom orbit the nucleus of the atom
Supporting facts: sent1: small is the opposite of large sent2: electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom sent3: to be found in means to be contained in sent4: proton is a kind of subatomic particles sent5: positive charge is a kind of electric charge sent6: the location of an electron is determined by the attraction of the nucleus sent7: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent8: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent9: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent10: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent11: orbit is a kind of characteristic sent12: electron is the smallest particle in an atom sent13: electrons are a part of an atom sent14: an electron is a kind of charged particle sent15: revolving around something means orbiting that something sent16: approximately means about sent17: positive charge is the opposite of negative charge sent18: orbit means orbital path sent19: orbiting is a kind of action sent20: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent21: a proton is a part of an atom / an element sent22: charge is a property of an object / a material / a substance and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: the structure of an atom is made of a massive nucleus surrounded by electrons sent25: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a electron has a negative -1 electric charge [AND] an electron is a kind of charged particle [INFER] int1: an electron is a kind of negtively charged particle [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] electron is the smallest particle in an atom [INFER] int2: electron is the smallest, negtively-charged particle in an atom [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom [INFER] int3: the smallest, negatively-charged particles in the atom orbit the nucleus of the atom