ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which part of an atom occupies the majority of the volume?
Answer: electrons
Hypothesis: electrons are part of an atom that take up the majority of the volume in an atom
Supporting facts: sent1: electrons are found farthest from the center of the atom sent2: to be filled with means to contain sent3: electrons take up the majority of the volume of an atom sent4: electrons are a part of an atom sent5: part means role sent6: approximately means about sent7: size / amount of space means volume sent8: a component of something means a part of that something sent9: the number of parts of something is a property of that something sent10: electrons are located on the orbitals in an atom sent11: largest amount means most sent12: electrons have the least mass in an atom sent13: to be made of is similar to collection sent14: volume is similar to amount sent15: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent16: the majority of is similar to the largest amount sent17: made of is similar to contains sent18: the location of an electron is determined by the energy of the electron sent19: all the other means the rest of sent20: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent21: if part of the whole has electric charge , then that part of the object will be responsible for the electric charge of the object sent22: electrons are located at the outside of the nucleus sent23: an atom is exceptionally small in size sent24: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent25: the structure of an atom is made of a massive nucleus surrounded by electrons
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electrons take up the majority of the volume of an atom [AND] electrons are a part of an atom [INFER] int1: electrons are part of an atom that take up the majority of the volume in an atom
Question: Which statement is true about the particles of a liquid compared to the particles of a gas?
Answer: Particles of a liquid are slower and closer together.
Hypothesis: particles in a liquid are closer together and slower than particles in a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent2: particles in a liquid are slower than particles in a gas sent3: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object over time / divided by time / per unit of time sent4: friction causes speed to decrease sent5: denser liquids / particles in liquids / materials settle below liquids or particles in liquids / materials that are less dense sent6: motion is a source of kinetic energy in an object sent7: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent8: fast means quickly sent9: comparing requires observing that something sent10: particles in a liquid flows past each other sent11: as the heat of matter increases , the average molecular speed of the matter will increases sent12: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent13: gas has a a lower melting point than liquid sent14: slowly is similar to decreased rate sent15: as the amount of heat energy of a substance / of an object decreases , the amount of kinetic energy will decrease sent16: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent17: particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas sent18: faster means increased rate sent19: moving away from the source increases the distance sent20: as the kinetic energy of an object increases , the object will travel faster sent21: as the temperature increases , the kinetic energy of the molecules will increase sent22: as temperature increases , the speed of molecules will increase sent23: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow / fast sent24: as an object moves faster , the kinetic energy of that object will increase sent25: more quickly is similar to increased rate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas [AND] particles in a liquid are slower than particles in a gas [INFER] int1: particles in a liquid are closer together and slower than particles in a gas
Question: Which of these is true when a piece of wood is completely burned in a fire?
Answer: The energy in the wood is transformed.
Hypothesis: the chemical energy in wood is transformed into thermal energy
Supporting facts: sent1: more burning causes fire to be hotter sent2: heat means heat energy sent3: if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy sent4: energy conversion is similar to energy transformation sent5: a lit candle converts chemical energy into light energy / heat energy sent6: sound is a kind of sound energy sent7: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent8: fuel contains chemical energy sent9: burning wood is used to produce heat sent10: to convert means to change sent11: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent12: combustion is a kind of activity sent13: objects contain chemical energy sent14: fire transfers heat through waves sent15: a piece of wood is a kind of object sent16: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent17: electricity means electrical energy sent18: heat energy can change the state of matter sent19: a source of something increases the amount of that something sent20: the length of time of a substance burning can be used to measure the amount of the chemical energy in the substance sent21: converting is similar to producing sent22: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent23: converting is similar to turning into sent24: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent25: thermal energy is a kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] objects contain chemical energy [AND] a piece of wood is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a piece of wood contains chemical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy [INFER] int2: the chemical energy in wood is transformed into thermal energy
Question: When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?
Answer: water
Hypothesis: oxygen combining with hydrogen will form water
Supporting facts: sent1: form means kind sent2: being derived from is similar to being formed sent3: forming something is a kind of change sent4: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent5: oxygen can be found in air sent6: to be formed by is to be the result of sent7: to convert means to change sent8: an element is a kind of atom sent9: electrolysis of water is when water is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by passing electric current through water sent10: to add means to combine sent11: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent12: an element is a kind of material sent13: to make means to form sent14: to be formed by is similar to being produced by sent15: make means produce sent16: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent17: a chemical reaction is a kind of process sent18: to turn means to convert sent19: oxygen gas is made of only oxygen element sent20: a compound is a kind of material sent21: forming is a kind of action sent22: oxygen combines with hydrogen sent23: forming is similar to converting sent24: oxygenated means having oxygen sent25: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen combines with hydrogen [AND] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [INFER] int1: oxygen combining with hydrogen will form water
Question: Aluminum is an element. Which of the following best describes the smallest particle of aluminum that retains all the properties of aluminum?
Answer: an atom
Hypothesis: aluminum atom is the smallest particle that has the properties of aluminum
Supporting facts: sent1: composed of means made of sent2: aluminum is a kind of element sent3: atom cannot be divided into smaller substances sent4: an element is a kind of substance sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: made up of means contains / made of sent7: a whole is formed by its parts sent8: made of is similar to contains sent9: small is the opposite of large sent10: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent11: the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element sent12: an element is made of one kind of atoms sent13: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent14: larger means greater / higher / more / increase in size sent15: contains means located in sent16: if a substance is made of one element , then the substance is called an element sent17: form means kind sent18: an object has properties sent19: same means identical / equal in value / amount / number / quantity sent20: to retain means to not change sent21: an object is made of its parts sent22: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent23: atomic means of the atom sent24: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent25: including means containing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an element is made of one kind of atoms [AND] aluminum is a kind of element [INFER] int1: aluminum is made of aluminum atoms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element [AND] aluminum is a kind of element [INFER] int2: aluminum atom is the smallest particle that has the properties of aluminum
Question: Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?
Answer: the Periodic Table
Hypothesis: the periodic table of elements is the model that can be used to determine the properties of elements
Supporting facts: sent1: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties sent2: knowing the properties of something means knowing information about that something sent3: a chemical property is the opposite of a physical property sent4: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent5: the chemistry of something is similar to what that something is made of sent6: an element is a kind of material sent7: an example of a chemical property is the elements making up a compound sent8: similar means in common sent9: scientists make observations sent10: including means containing sent11: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent12: a property is a kind of information sent13: the periodic table of elements can be used for predicting / determining the properties of an element sent14: substances are made of elements sent15: something is used for that something 's purpose sent16: a periodic table is a kind of scientific model sent17: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent18: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent19: an element is a kind of substance sent20: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent21: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent22: determining is similar to learning sent23: different materials usually have different properties sent24: material composition is a kind of chemical property sent25: an element is identified by its number of protons
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the periodic table of elements can be used for predicting / determining the properties of an element [AND] a periodic table is a kind of scientific model [INFER] int1: the periodic table of elements is the model that can be used to determine the properties of elements
Question: At what temperature is water most likely to be in vapor form?
Answer: 120C
Hypothesis: the water will be water vapor when the temperature is 120 c
Supporting facts: sent1: the temperature is 120 c sent2: temperature / heat energy is a property of objects / weather and includes ordered values of cold / cool / warm / hot sent3: water is in the gas state , called water vapor, for temperatures above 100 c sent4: more likely means increased likelihood sent5: state of matter means physical state sent6: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent7: vapor is synonymous with gas sent8: heat means heat energy sent9: steam / water vapor is a kind of water phase sent10: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent11: moisture means liquid / liquid water sent12: warm up means increase temperature sent13: state of matter is a property of matter and includes ordered values of solid / liquid / gas sent14: phase means state sent15: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent16: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent17: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent18: boiling point is the highest temperature a liquid can reach sent19: cooler means colder sent20: cooling means temperature decreases sent21: cooling / colder means removing / reducing / decreasing heat / temperature sent22: the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k sent23: form means kind sent24: water is colder in temperature than steam sent25: moisture is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of dry / humid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the temperature is 120 c [AND] the boiling point of water is 212f / 100c / 373k [INFER] int1: the temperature of 120 c is above 100 c [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor, for temperatures above 100 c [INFER] int2: the water will be water vapor when the temperature is 120 c
Question: Colored alcohol is used in some glass thermometers. When placed in air of different temperatures, the column of alcohol rises or falls in the glass thermometer. Which of the following best explains why the height of the alcohol column changes?
Answer: The alcohol expands more than the glass when heated.
Hypothesis: the height of the alcohol liquid changes because alcohol is heated
Supporting facts: sent1: the heat energy in the cooler object increases in thermal conduction sent2: warm up means increase temperature sent3: expand means increase in size sent4: heat means heat energy sent5: if a material is heated , then the material will expand sent6: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent7: as temperature increases , the ability of that liquid to dissolve solids will increase sent8: as the heat of matter increases , the average molecular speed of the matter will increases sent9: thermal expansion is a property of matter and includes ordered values of high / low sent10: increase means more sent11: moving an object from a cool place to a warm place causes the object 's temperature to increase sent12: expand means increase in volume sent13: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent14: as the liquid in a tube expands , the height of the liquid in that tube will increase sent15: rising is a kind of motion sent16: alcohol is a kind of liquid sent17: height is a kind of position sent18: temperature rise means become warmer sent19: adding heat means increasing temperature sent20: a glass thermometer is made of colored alcohol in a tube sent21: temperature rise means temperature increase sent22: if something causes an increase in something else then that something produces that something else sent23: temperature change changes the volume of the object sent24: temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules sent25: rising means moving upward
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] alcohol is a kind of liquid [AND] a glass thermometer is made of colored alcohol in a tube [INFER] int1: a glass thermometer is made of alcohol liquid in a tube [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the liquid in a tube expands , the height of the liquid in that tube will increase [INFER] int2: if the alcohol liquid in the tube expands, then the height of the alcohol liquid will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a material is heated , then the material will expand [INFER] int3: the height of the alcohol liquid changes because alcohol is heated
Question: Which piece of lab equipment is necessary to determine the mass of 2 teaspoons of sand?
Answer: balance
Hypothesis: determining the mass of the sand requires using a balance to measure the mass of the sand
Supporting facts: sent1: an object is made of its parts sent2: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent3: materials are made of matter sent4: a balance is used for measuring mass of a substance sent5: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent6: both means two sent7: to measure means to calculate sent8: instrument means tool sent9: mass is a kind of information sent10: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent11: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent12: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent13: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent14: a kilogram is a kind of unit for measuring mass sent15: determining something often requires measuring that something sent16: an example of collecting data is measuring sent17: according to is similar to be determined by sent18: measuring requires reading a measurement sent19: mass is similar to size sent20: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent21: mass is a kind of physical property sent22: sand is a kind of substance sent23: a part of / piece of an object is smaller in size than the entire object / whole object sent24: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent25: substances are made of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sand is a kind of substance [AND] a balance is used for measuring mass of a substance [INFER] int1: a balance can be used for measure the mass of sand [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] determining something often requires measuring that something [INFER] int2: determining the mass of the sand requires using a balance to measure the mass of the sand
Question: Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water?
Answer: a graduated cylinder
Hypothesis: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of liquid water and solid water ice
Supporting facts: sent1: water is in the solid state , called ice , for temperatures between -273 and 0 c sent2: the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object sent3: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent4: measuring sometimes requires recording / learning an amount sent5: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent6: quantity means amount sent7: freezing point means temperature at which a liquid freezes / below which a liquid freezes sent8: freezing causes a solid to form sent9: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure volume of a solid sent10: water is a kind of liquid sent11: an example of collecting data is measuring sent12: when water freezes , that water expands sent13: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 and 100 c sent14: measuring is used for describing an object sent15: a measurement is a kind of data sent16: measuring requires reading a measurement sent17: a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid sent18: freezing means cold temperatures sent19: volume is similar to amount sent20: determining often requires measuring / observing sent21: ice is colder in temperature than water sent22: a measure of time is a length of time sent23: volume is a measure of the size of an object by multiplying the length, width, and height of the object sent24: freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy sent25: to measure means to calculate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of liquid [AND] a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid [INFER] int1: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of liquid water [BECAUSE] water is in the solid state , called ice , for temperatures between -273 and 0 c [AND] water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 and 100 c [AND] freezing means a substance changes from a liquid into a solid by decreasing heat energy [INFER] int2: freezing means changing water from liquid water to solid water ice by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a graduated cylinder can be used to measure volume of a solid [INFER] int3: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of solid water ice [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of liquid water and solid water ice
Question: Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?
Answer: graduated cylinder
Hypothesis: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure volume of a piece of granite
Supporting facts: sent1: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent2: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent3: examining sometimes requires measuring sent4: a measurement is a kind of data sent5: calculation means measurement sent6: approximately means about sent7: volume is similar to amount sent8: measuring is used for describing an object sent9: instrument means device sent10: an example of collecting data is measuring sent11: granite is a kind of nonmetal sent12: an object is made of its parts sent13: a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object sent14: to discover means to find sent15: rock means stone sent16: including means containing sent17: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent18: investigating sometimes requires measuring sent19: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent20: determining often requires measuring / observing sent21: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent22: size / amount of space means volume sent23: to detect means to find sent24: a piece of granite is a kind of object sent25: recording an observation sometimes requires measuring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object [AND] a piece of granite is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure volume of a piece of granite