ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?
Answer: number of chromosomes
Hypothesis: the number of chromosomes of two somatic cells will most likely be the same
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division is a kind of process sent2: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent3: a scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism sent4: cell division means cell reproduction sent5: both means two sent6: a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible sent7: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent8: an organism is a living thing sent9: similarity means the same property sent10: if two objects are similar , then the two objects share properties sent11: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent12: to tell the difference between things means to classify those things sent13: two somatic cells from the same multicellular organism will have the same number of chromosomes sent14: identical means copy sent15: cells are a smaller level of organization than tissues in living things sent16: somatic cells are body cells excluding the sex cells sent17: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent18: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent19: cell activity means cell process sent20: cell division often causes growth / healing sent21: how many means what number sent22: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent23: comparing data increases / improves the likelihood of obtaining accurate experiment results sent24: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent25: similar means in common
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] somatic cells are body cells excluding the sex cells [AND] a scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism [INFER] int1: the scientist is comparing two somatic cells of a multicellular organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] two somatic cells from the same multicellular organism will have the same number of chromosomes [INFER] int2: the number of chromosomes of two somatic cells will most likely be the same
Question: Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?
Answer: nucleus-controls cell activities
Hypothesis: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Supporting facts: sent1: contains means located in sent2: including means containing sent3: can be means able to be sent4: regulation is when an organism maintains a stable internal environment sent5: determining is similar to controlling sent6: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent7: purpose means role sent8: regulating is a kind of function sent9: a part of something is present in that something sent10: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent11: action means activity sent12: coordinate is similar to control sent13: part means role sent14: function is similar to purpose sent15: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent16: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent17: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent18: cell activity means cell process sent19: to be involved in something means to have a role in something sent20: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent21: the ability to do means be able to do sent22: role means function sent23: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent24: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent25: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Question: The starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?
Answer: vacuole
Hypothesis: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and starch for potato cells
Supporting facts: sent1: nutrients are a kind of substance sent2: to be filled with means to contain sent3: a container contains objects / material / substances sent4: contains means located in sent5: vacuoles are used for storing water / food by cells sent6: containing something is similar to providing that something sent7: to contain means to have inside sent8: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent9: both means two sent10: to pass means to transfer sent11: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent12: including means containing sent13: where something comes from is a source of that something sent14: starch is a kind of food sent15: water is a kind of polar substance sent16: sample is similar to small amount of substance / matter / material sent17: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent18: a potato is a kind of plant sent19: a vacuole is a kind of organelle sent20: a plant is made of plant cells sent21: to store means to hold sent22: a potato cell is a kind of plant cell found in potatoes sent23: cells are a part of the body sent24: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent25: to contain something means to have that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a potato is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int1: a potato is made of plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a potato cell is a kind of plant cell found in potatoes [INFER] int2: a potato is made of potato cells [BECAUSE] a vacuole is a kind of organelle [AND] vacuoles are used for storing water / food by cells [INFER] int3: vacuoles are the organelles that are used for storing water and food for cells [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and food for potato cells [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] starch is a kind of food [INFER] int5: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and starch for potato cells
Question: Which of these is never found in prokaryotic cells?
Answer: nucleus
Hypothesis: a nucleus cannot be found in prokaryotic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus sent2: to contain something means to have that something sent3: made up of means contains / made of sent4: a single-cell organism cannot specialize sent5: if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something sent6: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent7: a kind of something is an example of that something sent8: if something is located in some place , then the presence of that something can be found in that location sent9: cannot means not be able to sent10: except means not sent11: a type is synonymous with a kind sent12: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent13: to lack means to not have sent14: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent15: a unicellular organism has one cell sent16: to be made of is similar to collection sent17: made of is similar to contains sent18: including means containing sent19: if something does not contain something else then that something lacks that something else sent20: single-cell organism means unicellular organism sent21: no longer means used to be sent22: rarely means not sent23: contains means located in sent24: state means form sent25: a type of something is a kind of property of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus [AND] if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something [INFER] int1: a nucleus cannot be found in prokaryotic cells
Question: Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?
Answer: leaf
Hypothesis: a leaf makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent2: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent3: sunlight means solar energy sent4: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent5: as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase sent6: to give off means to be the source of sent7: the photosynthetic life performs photosynthesis sent8: sunshine means sunlight sent9: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent10: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent11: a leaf performs photosynthesis sent12: if something generates energy for something else then that something powers that something else sent13: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent14: photosynthesizing means performing photosynthesis sent15: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent16: to provide something means to be the source of that something sent17: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent18: the sun transfers solar energy / light energy / heat energy from itself to the planets / earth through sunlight sent19: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent20: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent21: carbohydrates are used for storing / transporting energy sent22: if something is powered by something else then that something requires a source of that something else sent23: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent24: a leaf is a kind of plant organ sent25: a plant requires sunlight to grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sunlight is a kind of solar energy [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int1: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a leaf performs photosynthesis [INFER] int2: a leaf makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates
Question: Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?
Answer: The acorns will have a chance to sprout.
Hypothesis: an acorn may sprout when buried in soil
Supporting facts: sent1: a seed is a kind of young plant sent2: seeds sprouting causes plants to grow sent3: fruit contains seeds sent4: chance means likelihood sent5: plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction sent6: to give off means to be the source of sent7: if something is required for a process then that process may occur if that something is provided sent8: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent9: a plant is a member of a plant species sent10: more likely means increased likelihood sent11: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment sent12: an acorn is a kind of seed sent13: if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur sent14: burying a plant in soil is a kind of method for providing soil to that plant sent15: to cause an event means to make that event more likely sent16: reproduction increases the number / population of a living thing sent17: a labybug has a small size sent18: a plant requires soil for to grow sent19: green plants are a kind of producer sent20: sprouting means germinating sent21: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent22: to happen means to occur sent23: if something required by something else is in a place then that something else may be in that place sent24: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent25: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a seed is a kind of young plant [AND] seeds sprouting causes plants to grow [INFER] int1: a seed / young plant sprouting causes that seed / young plant to grow [BECAUSE] a plant requires soil for to grow [AND] if something is required for a process then that process may occur if that something is provided [INFER] int2: a plant may grow if it soil is provided [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] burying a plant in soil is a kind of method for providing soil to that plant [INFER] int3: a plant may grow if buried in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: seeds may sprout when buried in soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an acorn is a kind of seed [INFER] int5: an acorn may sprout when buried in soil
Question: Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following?
Answer: minerals
Hypothesis: leafy vegetables are a good source of minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: eating leafy vegetables is important for human health sent2: an animal requires nutrients to grow and heal sent3: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent4: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent5: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent6: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent7: where something comes from is a source of that something sent8: a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material sent9: to eat means to consume food sent10: mineral nutrients can be found in soil sent11: amount is similar to abundance sent12: having a positive impact on health / survival is synonymous with helping to keep healthy sent13: good means positive sent14: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent15: role is similar to importance sent16: if an object / a substance makes something then that object / that substance is a source of that thing sent17: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent18: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent19: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent20: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent21: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent22: some minerals are nutrients sent23: if something required by an organism is depleted then that organism must replenish that something sent24: if something has a positive impact on something else then that something is important to that something else sent25: a positive impact is a benefit
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [AND] an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive [INFER] int1: nutrients have a positive impact on an living thing's health [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things [INFER] int2: getting nutrients from eating has a positive impact on a living thing's health [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int3: getting minerals from eating has a positive impact on a living thing's health [BECAUSE] eating leafy vegetables is important for human health [AND] if something has a positive impact on something else then that something is important to that something else [INFER] int4: eating leafy vegetables has a positive impact on human health [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: leafy vegetables are a good source of minerals
Question: Which of these conditions most likely results from infection?
Answer: swelling of throat tissues
Hypothesis: the swelling of throat tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection
Supporting facts: sent1: determine is similar to cause sent2: infection can cause bodily tissues to swell sent3: an autoimmune disease is when the body attacks its own tissues sent4: where something comes from is a source of that something sent5: a result of something is evidence of that something sent6: including means containing sent7: pathogen is similar to harmful substance sent8: tissue plasminogen activator is a kind of activator sent9: the head is a part of an animal sent10: most means over 50% of something sent11: more likely means increased likelihood sent12: if something causes something else then that something else results from that something sent13: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent14: a body system is a part of the body / an animal sent15: a brain is a part of an animal sent16: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent17: throat tissue is a kind of bodily tissue sent18: the esophagus is a part of the digestive system sent19: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent20: the immune system is a kind of body / human body system sent21: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent22: tissues are a smaller level of organization than organs in living things sent23: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent24: due to means caused by sent25: the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something causes something else then that something else results from that something [AND] infection can cause bodily tissues to swell [INFER] int1: the swelling of bodily tissues can result from infection [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition [INFER] int2: the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] throat tissue is a kind of bodily tissue [INFER] int3: the swelling of throat tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection
Question: What is one way that humans can maintain good health?
Answer: exercise daily
Hypothesis: exercise can help a human maintain good health
Supporting facts: sent1: physical fitness is similar to athletic ability sent2: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent3: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent4: better means good sent5: being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health sent6: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent7: if something has a positive impact on health then that something can help to maintain good health sent8: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent9: best means most positive sent10: if something has a positive impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a positive impact on that something else sent11: to be good for means to have a positive impact on sent12: everyday means daily sent13: helping means something can be done / completed more easily / better sent14: daily means every day / once per day sent15: can means having the ability to sent16: exercising causes the body to become stronger sent17: the ability to do means be able to do sent18: to maintain means to not change sent19: exercise means physical fitness sent20: healthy means not having disease sent21: having a positive impact on health / survival is synonymous with helping to keep healthy sent22: maintaining is similar to having sent23: life means living things sent24: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent25: to improve means to have a positive impact
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] exercising causes the body to become stronger [AND] being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health [INFER] int1: exercise has a positive impact on a human 's health [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has a positive impact on health then that something can help to maintain good health [INFER] int2: exercise can help a human maintain good health
Question: Which area is coldest?
Answer: tundra
Hypothesis: a tundra is a kind of area that is usually very cold in temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: the tundra is a kind of environment sent2: cold temperatures usually have a negative impact on organisms sent3: sleet is a kind of ice sent4: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent5: fewest means lowest / least in number sent6: if something is located in somewhere , then something can be found in somewhere sent7: earth contains water / ice / (steam, water vapor) sent8: if the surface of an object contains something then that object is covered with that something sent9: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent10: place means area sent11: usually means most of the time sent12: if something used to be in the past then that something has changed sent13: hot means high in heat energy / temperature sent14: an environment is a kind of area sent15: cooler means colder sent16: a region is a kind of location sent17: temperature is a property of weather sent18: most means over 50% of something sent19: a type is synonymous with a kind sent20: icy means made of ice sent21: the tundra environment usually is very cold in temperature sent22: contains means located in sent23: temperature is a property of air mass and includes ordered values of cold / warm sent24: area is similar to location sent25: cool means cold
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the tundra is a kind of environment [AND] an environment is a kind of area [INFER] int1: a tundra is a kind of area [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the tundra environment usually is very cold in temperature [INFER] int2: a tundra is a kind of area that is usually very cold in temperature