ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Some foods that humans eat, such as corn and peas, are actually seeds from plants. What best describes the role of humans in a food web containing these plants?
Answer: a consumer
Hypothesis: in the food chain process a human has the role of consumer
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent2: an organism is a living thing sent3: a seed is a kind of young plant sent4: a seed is a part of a plant sent5: the amount of something is similar to the availability of something sent6: if something contains something , then something is able to provide something sent7: an animal is a kind of living thing sent8: role is similar to importance sent9: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent10: humans eat seeds sent11: where something comes from is a source of that something sent12: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent13: a consumer can not produce its own food sent14: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent15: a plant is a kind of organism sent16: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats other organisms for food sent17: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent18: containing something is similar to providing that something sent19: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent20: a human is a kind of animal sent21: to eat means to consume food sent22: to contain something means to have that something sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent25: food is what an animal eats
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans eat seeds [AND] a seed is a part of a plant [INFER] int1: humans eat parts of plants [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int2: humans eat organisms [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats other organisms for food [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: in the food chain process a human has the role of consumer
Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Each organism on Earth is a part of a complex relationship with other organisms. This relationship is called a food web. The following organisms are part of a food web typically located in and around a reservoir. algae fish rabbit eagle pine tree grass field mouse Which member of the food web is a carnivore?
Answer: eagle
Hypothesis: an eagle is a kind of carnivore
Supporting facts: sent1: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent2: if two or more carnivores share the same ecosystem then those carnivores may share the same food source sent3: algae is a kind of plant sent4: carnivores only eat animals sent5: humans sometimes eat fish sent6: a mouse is a kind of herbivore sent7: snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice are kinds of animals sent8: an animal is a kind of consumer sent9: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent10: a food web is made of organisms that consume other organisms / that produce their own food sent11: eagles eat snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice sent12: prey is a kind of animal sent13: carnivores sometimes eat herbivores sent14: rabbits eat plants sent15: food contains carbohydrates sent16: food is what an animal eats sent17: eagles do not eat plants sent18: a rabbit is a kind of herbivore sent19: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent20: a water reservoir contains water sent21: a hawk is a kind of carnivore sent22: prey is a kind of food for predators sent23: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent24: a water reservoir stores water sent25: fish eat insects
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eagles eat snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice [AND] snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice are kinds of animals [INFER] int1: eagles eat animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] eagles do not eat plants [INFER] int2: eagles only eat animals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] carnivores only eat animals [INFER] int3: an eagle is a kind of carnivore
Question: A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?
Answer: The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.
Hypothesis: the robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey
Supporting facts: sent1: to eat means to consume food sent2: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent3: a robin eats a cricket sent4: role is similar to importance sent5: to prey on an animal means to eat that animal sent6: food is what an animal eats sent7: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent8: diet means what an animal eats sent9: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent10: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent11: catching something is synonymous with obtaining that something sent12: both means two sent13: if two animals eat the same prey then those animals compete for that prey sent14: carnivores only eat animals sent15: role means function sent16: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent17: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent18: hawks / eagles eat snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice sent19: insects eat plants sent20: eating an animal / a plant means killing that animal / that plant sent21: an animal is a kind of consumer sent22: bats eat insects sent23: a cricket is a kind of animal sent24: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent25: a robin is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cricket is a kind of animal [AND] a robin is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a robin and a cricket are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator [AND] a robin eats a cricket [INFER] int2: a robin is a predator to the cricket [BECAUSE] a cricket is a kind of animal [AND] a robin is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: a robin and a cricket are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a robin eats a cricket [AND] if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey [INFER] int4: the cricket is a prey to the robin [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey
Question: Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?
Answer: Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow
Hypothesis: earthworms creating tunnels has a positive impact on the growth of plant roots by loosening the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent2: can means having the ability to sent3: soil provides nutrients for plants sent4: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent5: a tube-like body has a positive impact on moving through soil sent6: using resources decreases those resources sent7: to advance means to improve sent8: the properties of something are used for describing that something sent9: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent10: the looseness of soil has a positive impact on a plant 's roots' growth in that soil sent11: growing means a plant 's height / mass / size increase sent12: if something has a positive impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a positive impact on that something else sent13: better means good sent14: tunnels in soil loosen that soil sent15: earthworms create tunnels in soil sent16: to improve means to have a positive impact sent17: the ability to do means be able to do sent18: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent19: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent20: remove means decrease sent21: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent22: underground means under ground sent23: creating is similar to causing sent24: creating means making sent25: to help / to benefit means to be of use
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] tunnels in soil loosen that soil [AND] earthworms create tunnels in soil [INFER] int1: earthworms creating tunnels in soil can loosen the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the looseness of soil has a positive impact on a plant 's roots' growth in that soil [INFER] int2: earthworms creating tunnels has a positive impact on the growth of plant roots by loosening the soil
Question: Which list contains only nonliving things?
Answer: water, rocks, sunlight
Hypothesis: water and rock and sunlight are nonliving things
Supporting facts: sent1: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided sent2: nonliving means not living sent3: sunlight contains infrared light sent4: sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow sent5: all living and nonliving materials are made of elements sent6: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent7: rock means stone sent8: sunlight is made of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light sent9: sunlight means solar energy sent10: nonliving things are not made of cells sent11: cannot is the opposite of can sent12: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent13: sunlight is a kind of light sent14: daylight means sunlight sent15: to be found in means to be contained in sent16: contains means located in sent17: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent18: rock is a kind of nonliving thing sent19: composed of means made of sent20: air is a kind of nonliving thing sent21: sunshine means sunlight sent22: including means containing sent23: except means not sent24: light means light energy sent25: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sunlight is a kind of light [AND] light is a kind of nonliving thing [INFER] int1: sunlight is a nonliving thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of nonliving thing [AND] rock is a kind of nonliving thing [INFER] int2: water and rock and sunlight are nonliving things
Question: Which instrument would be used when studying a unit on amphibian anatomy?
Answer: a dissecting kit
Hypothesis: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument that can be used to study amphibian anatomy
Supporting facts: sent1: a microscope is used to see small things / microscopic things / specimens by scientists by making them appear bigger sent2: specimen is similar to sample sent3: instrument means tool sent4: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent5: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent6: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent7: to study means to examine sent8: look at means observe sent9: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument sent10: the structure of an organism 's anatomy is used to classify the organism into the appropriate taxonomic rank sent11: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent12: a dissecting kit is used to study anatomy sent13: something is used for that something 's purpose sent14: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent15: an instrument is a piece of equipment sent16: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent17: magnifying makes seeing small things easier through using a magnifying glass / using a microscope sent18: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent19: amphibian anatomy is a kind of anatomy sent20: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent21: inspect / observe means examine sent22: studying fossils is used to learn about organisms from long ago sent23: lab equipment is often used for measuring / observing sent24: studying is similar to observing sent25: observe means see
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a dissecting kit is used to study anatomy [AND] amphibian anatomy is a kind of anatomy [AND] a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument [INFER] int1: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument that can be used to study amphibian anatomy
Question: Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures?
Answer: Petri dishes
Hypothesis: a petri dish can be used to grow and study the bacteria in a controlled setting
Supporting facts: sent1: observe means see sent2: studying a soil sample means studying the microorganisms in that soil sent3: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent4: to contain something means to have that something sent5: studying is similar to observing sent6: useful means able to be used sent7: bacteria can help digest food in humans sent8: using an object often requires creating that object sent9: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent10: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent11: useful means good to use sent12: learning / studying information causes one to know that information sent13: living things perform biological processes sent14: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent15: size is a property of objects and includes ordered values of microscopic / tiny / small / medium / large sent16: better means good sent17: a petri dish in a lab is used to grow bacteria in a controlled setting sent18: organisms are a part of an environment sent19: growing bacteria in the lab is used to study the bacteria sent20: to help / to benefit means to be of use sent21: as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen / be observed more easily / better sent22: learning about something sometimes requires observing that something sent23: to study means to examine sent24: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a petri dish in a lab is used to grow bacteria in a controlled setting [AND] growing bacteria in the lab is used to study the bacteria [INFER] int1: a petri dish can be used to grow and study the bacteria in a controlled setting
Question: Which dog trait is a learned behavior?
Answer: jumping to catch a ball
Hypothesis: jumping to catch a ball is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: balancing a ball on one 's nose is a kind of trick sent2: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent3: personality is an acquired characteristic sent4: motion / movement means moving / to move sent5: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent6: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent7: instruction is a kind of information sent8: an example of playing with toys is jumping to catch a ball sent9: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent10: action means activity sent11: playing with toys is a learned characteristic sent12: offspring receive genes from their parents through inheritence / dna / sexual reproduction sent13: animal instinct means instinctive behavior sent14: the ability to do means be able to do sent15: trait means property sent16: actions mean behavior sent17: rolling in mud is a learned behavior sent18: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent19: using tools is a learned characteristic sent20: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent21: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent22: usually means most of the time sent23: physical fitness is similar to athletic ability sent24: exercise means physical fitness sent25: catching something is synonymous with obtaining that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] playing with toys is a learned characteristic [AND] an example of playing with toys is jumping to catch a ball [INFER] int1: jumping to catch a ball is a kind of learned characteristic
Question: An example of a learned behavior is a
Answer: dog laying down on command.
Hypothesis: a dog laying down on command is a learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents sent4: ability is a kind of characteristic sent5: exercising is a kind of habit sent6: using tools is a learned characteristic sent7: direction is similar to instruction sent8: following orders is a learned characteristic sent9: animals laying down on command is an example of animals following order sent10: a demonstration is similar to an example sent11: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent12: instruction is a kind of information sent13: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent14: maintain is similar to control sent15: actions mean behavior sent16: role means function sent17: the ability to do means be able to do sent18: a dog is a kind of animal sent19: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent20: to give is similar to to cause sent21: some dogs are trained to bark / to scratch at the door when they want to go outside sent22: doing something more is a kind of conditioned behavior sent23: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent24: receive means get sent25: action means activity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a dog is a kind of animal [AND] animals laying down on command is an example of animals following order [INFER] int1: a dog laying down on command is an example of dog following order [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: a dog laying down on command is a learned characteristic
Question: Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?
Answer: favorite food
Hypothesis: food preference is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent2: to lack means to not have sent3: if an organism eats something then that something is a source of frood to that organism sent4: generally means usually sent5: characteristic means property sent6: an animal is a kind of consumer sent7: to eat means to consume food sent8: certain is similar to specific sent9: ability is a kind of characteristic sent10: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent11: trait means property sent12: food contains nutrients for living things sent13: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent14: food is what an animal eats sent15: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent16: category means kind sent17: when an animal eats or drinks something , that animal tastes that something sent18: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent19: if something is not the same as something else then that something is different from that something else sent20: inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics sent21: a food preference is a kind of preference sent22: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent23: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent24: rarely means not sent25: a behavior is a kind of characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] preferences are generally learned characteristics [AND] a food preference is a kind of preference [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics [INFER] int2: learned characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: food preference is not inherited from parents
Question: Hereditary information is transmitted from parents to offspring through
Answer: genes.
Hypothesis: hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring through genes
Supporting facts: sent1: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic sent2: hereditary information is similar to genetic information sent3: genotype of an organism means the genes of an organism sent4: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent5: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information sent6: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism sent7: human is a kind of organism sent8: if something is passed down to something else then that something else receives that something sent9: an organism is a living thing sent10: a mother is a kind of female parent sent11: similar means in common sent12: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent13: information is used to describe something sent14: the inherited characteristics of the parents can be used to predict inherited characteristics of the offspring sent15: if an organism passes on its traits then future generations will have those traits sent16: a baby means the offspring of a parent sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: heredity is similar to inheritance sent19: genetic / hereditary means of genes / heredity sent20: trait means property sent21: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent22: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent23: an inherited characteristic is a kind of characteristic sent24: children / young is synonymous with offspring sent25: a child is a kind of young human
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring [AND] inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information [INFER] int1: hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring through genes