ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The pull of gravity on Earth is caused by
Answer: the mass of Earth.
Hypothesis: the mass of earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: causing is a kind of affecting sent2: made up of means contains / made of sent3: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent4: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent5: mass is a kind of physical property sent6: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent7: mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object sent8: objects are made of materials / substances / matter sent9: a revolution occurs when something revolves around something else sent10: air mass means a volume of air sent11: mass is a kind of information sent12: n means newton sent13: earth is a kind of planet sent14: if something is caused by something else , then that something can be explained by that something else sent15: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent16: to cause means to have an effect sent17: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent18: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent19: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent20: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent21: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet sent22: isaac newton discovered the theory of gravity sent23: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent24: due to means caused by sent25: to cause means to result in
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth is a kind of planet [AND] the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet [INFER] int1: the mass of earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Question: A simple machine that helps move a flag up a flagpole is
Answer: a pulley
Hypothesis: a pulley is a kind of simple machine that can be used to lift a flag on a flagpole
Supporting facts: sent1: up means upward sent2: a pulley is a kind of simple machine sent3: moving is similar to travelling sent4: to carry means to move something sent5: rotate means turn sent6: motion is when moves an object / something to a direction sent7: motion / movement means moving / to move sent8: can be means able to be sent9: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent10: moving / mobile is the opposite of stationary / unmoving sent11: left out of means moved from sent12: down is a kind of direction sent13: to show means to display sent14: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent15: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent16: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent17: something is used for that something 's purpose sent18: move around means revolve sent19: the ability to do means be able to do sent20: gravity / gravitational force causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent21: a pull is a kind of force sent22: a pulley is used to lift a flag on a flagpole sent23: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent24: to convert means to change sent25: must have means require
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pulley is a kind of simple machine [AND] a pulley is used to lift a flag on a flagpole [INFER] int1: a pulley is a kind of simple machine that can be used to lift a flag on a flagpole
Question: A scientist on a field trip discovered a new organism. She examined its cells under a microscope and observed several different structures, including a nucleus, a cell wall, and some chloroplasts. This organism would correctly be classified in which of the following kingdoms?
Answer: Plantae
Hypothesis: that organism is a part of the biological kingdom plantae
Supporting facts: sent1: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent2: vegetation means plants sent3: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent4: the nucleus is a kind of cell organelle sent5: nucleus is synonymous with core / center sent6: discovering something usually requires seeing that something sent7: contains means located in sent8: a structure of something is synonymous with a part of that something sent9: to belong to a group means to be classified in that group sent10: plants are part of the bilogical kingdom plantae sent11: a plant is a member of a plant species sent12: to categorize means to classify sent13: to classify means to decide what class something belongs to sent14: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent15: a plant cell contains chloroplasts sent16: observe means see sent17: a cell wall is the outermost structure of a plant cell sent18: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent19: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent20: to group means to separate sent21: if an organism is made up of cells that contain a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall sent22: plants are made up of plant cells sent23: a plant is a kind of organism sent24: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent25: cell division means cell reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [AND] a plant cell is a kind of cell [INFER] int1: a plant cell contains a nucleus [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant cell contains chloroplasts [INFER] int2: plant cells contain a nucleus and chloroplasts [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a cell wall is the outermost structure of a plant cell [INFER] int3: plant cells contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plants are made up of plant cells [INFER] int4: plants are made up of cells that contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] plants are part of the bilogical kingdom plantae [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int5: plants are kinds of organisms that are part of the biological kingdom plantae [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: organisms in the biological kingdom plantae are made up of cells that contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if an organism is made up of cells that contain a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall [INFER] int7: that organism is a part of the biological kingdom plantae
Question: Which term best describes the life cycle of an insect that reaches the adult stage without being a pupa?
Answer: incomplete metamorphosis
Hypothesis: the insect has undergone incomplete metamorphosis
Supporting facts: sent1: a measure of time is a length of time sent2: an insect usually has a small size sent3: young means immature sent4: killing means changing a living thing from alive to dead by harming sent5: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent6: an animal is a member of an animal species sent7: young amphibians undergo metamorphosis sent8: including means containing sent9: if something undergoes a process without going through a certain stage in that process, then that process was incomplete sent10: the body is a part of an organism sent11: metamorphosis is a kind of process sent12: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent13: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent14: life means living things sent15: how long something takes is a kind of measurement of time sent16: length of time means period of time sent17: a phase change is when matter / a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent18: metamorphosis means complete metamorphosis sent19: the pupa stage is a stage in the metamorphosis process of some animals sent20: the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something sent21: adult is similar to mature sent22: an insect changed from an immature form to an adult form sent23: phase means state sent24: organisms mean life sent25: an insect is never a pupa
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an insect changed from an immature form to an adult form [AND] an insect is never a pupa [INFER] int1: an insect has changed from an immature form to an adult form without being a pupa [BECAUSE] metamorphosis is a kind of process [AND] if something undergoes a process without going through a certain stage in that process, then that process was incomplete [INFER] int2: if something undergoes metamorphosis without going through a certain stage of metamorphosis, then that metamorphosis was incomplete [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the pupa stage is a stage in the metamorphosis process of some animals [INFER] int3: if something undergoes metamorphosis without going through the pupa stage, then that metamorphosis was incomplete [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form [INFER] int4: incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the insect has undergone incomplete metamorphosis
Question: Which organ in a frog has a function similar to the function of lungs in a bird?
Answer: skin
Hypothesis: the function of skin on frogs is similar to the function of lungs in birds
Supporting facts: sent1: oxygen can be found in air sent2: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent3: lungs are used for breathing air by birds sent4: young amphibians breathe through gills sent5: the respiratory system performs respiration sent6: breathing is when animals convert oxygen into carbon dioxide sent7: when a tadpole changes into an adult frog , that tadpole grows lungs to breath air sent8: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent9: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent10: blood absorbs oxygen in the lungs sent11: to exhale means to release sent12: oxygenated means having oxygen sent13: an animal requires air for survival sent14: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent15: the absorption of oxygen through the blood occurs in the lungs sent16: to breathe in means to absorb air sent17: something is used for that something 's purpose sent18: something 's function can be used to describe / identify that something sent19: purpose means role sent20: an animal / bacterium requires oxygen for survival / to breathe sent21: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent22: role means function sent23: breathing is a kind of function sent24: function is similar to purpose sent25: skin is used for breathing air by frogs
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] breathing is a kind of function [AND] lungs are used for breathing air by birds [INFER] int1: lungs perform the function of breathing in birds [BECAUSE] breathing is a kind of function [AND] skin is used for breathing air by frogs [INFER] int2: skin performs the function of breathing in frogs [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: lungs in birds and skin on frogs both perform the function of breathing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [INFER] int4: the function of skin on frogs is similar to the function of lungs in birds
Question: Each organ in the digestive system has a specific function. During digestion, food passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Which statement best describes what takes place in the small intestine?
Answer: Nutrients are absorbed from the food.
Hypothesis: nutrients are absorbed from food in the small intestine
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is a kind of bodily process sent2: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent3: to pass means to transfer sent4: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent5: to take something in can mean to absorb something sent6: a protein is a kind of nutrient sent7: organ system means body system sent8: digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent9: the digestive system digests food for the body sent10: the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the digestive system sent11: blood is a part of the circulatory system sent12: digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food sent13: taking in something means receiving / absorbing / getting something sent14: to eat means to consume food sent15: nutrients are simpler than food sent16: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent17: where something comes from is a source of that something sent18: some foods contain proteins sent19: the small intestine is a part of the digestive system sent20: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent21: take in means absorb sent22: to digest means to break down food sent23: if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else sent24: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent25: the properties of something are used for describing that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the small intestine is a part of the digestive system [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int1: digestion of food occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] some foods contain proteins [INFER] int2: digestion of proteins occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a protein is a kind of nutrient [INFER] int3: digestion of nutrients occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] to take something in can mean to absorb something [AND] digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [INFER] int4: digestion is when an organism absorbs nutrients from food into itself [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: nutrients are absorbed from food in the small intestine
Question: Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?
Answer: excretory system
Hypothesis: the excretory system removes waste from the body
Supporting facts: sent1: helping bodily processes has a positive impact on an animal / an animal 's health sent2: eliminate means remove sent3: the excretory system performs excretion sent4: system means a set of objects sent5: can be means able to be sent6: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent7: providing is a kind of function sent8: including means containing sent9: excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body sent10: all living things eliminate waste sent11: greatest means largest / highest / most amount of something sent12: a function is an activity sent13: organ system means body system sent14: to cause means to be responsible for sent15: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent16: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent17: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent18: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent19: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent20: generally means usually sent21: get rid of means eliminate / remove sent22: processes sometimes produce waste products sent23: a person is a kind of animal sent24: remove means decrease sent25: to work means to function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the excretory system performs excretion [AND] excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body [INFER] int1: the excretory system removes waste from the body
Question: Mammals must eliminate waste products that their bodies produce. Which organ helps mammals eliminate bodily waste?
Answer: kidney
Hypothesis: the kidneys help remove waste from the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the blood is a vehicle for moving chemical waste and excess water from the body to the kidneys sent2: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot sent3: to be used for something means to help to do that something sent4: something must be eliminated from the parts of something else before it can be eliminated from the entirety something else sent5: purpose means role sent6: something is used for that something 's purpose sent7: an animal is a member of an animal species sent8: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent9: waste must be eliminated from the body sent10: remove means decrease sent11: if an action must be done before a process can be done, that action is a step in that process sent12: if something is given off of something , then something is the product of something sent13: if something is required then that something must be provided sent14: kidney is a vehicle for removing bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood sent15: organs are a smaller level of organization than organ systems in living things sent16: organs are a smaller level of organization than organ systems in living things sent17: get rid of means eliminate / remove sent18: the function of something is what that something is used to do sent19: if an action is a step in a process, then that action helps in the performance of that process sent20: if something performs a task then that task is that something 's function sent21: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent22: the ability to do means be able to do sent23: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent24: blood is a part of the body sent25: to be used for something means to be required by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] something must be eliminated from the parts of something else before it can be eliminated from the entirety something else [AND] waste must be eliminated from the body [INFER] int1: waste must be eliminated from the parts of the body before it can be eliminated from the entirety of the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] blood is a part of the body [INFER] int2: waste must be eliminated from the blood before it can be eliminated from the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if an action must be done before a process can be done, that action is a step in that process [INFER] int3: removing waste from blood is a step in removing waste from the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] kidney is a vehicle for removing bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood [INFER] int4: the kidneys perform a step in removing waste from the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if an action is a step in a process, then that action helps in the performance of that process [INFER] int5: the kidneys help remove waste from the body
Question: Which of these is the main function of the vomiting reflex?
Answer: to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Hypothesis: the main function of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Supporting facts: sent1: a person is a kind of animal sent2: the mouth is a part of the digestive system used for eating sent3: role means function sent4: toxic means poisonous sent5: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent6: remove means decrease sent7: the esophagus is a vehicle for moving food from the mouth into the stomach sent8: to contain something means to have that something sent9: something is used for that something 's purpose sent10: swallowing is when the esophagus carries / transports food from the mouth to the stomach sent11: a droplet is a kind of little drop sent12: something's purpose is that something's main function sent13: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent14: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent15: if an organism can do something , then that organism is able to do that something sent16: the bladder is a part of the body sent17: get rid of means eliminate / remove sent18: the head is a part of an animal sent19: removing something from something is a kind of interacting sent20: a drop / droplet is a kind of liquid of small amount sent21: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent22: the vomiting reflex is used to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed sent23: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent24: eliminate means remove sent25: the brain is a part of the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the vomiting reflex is used to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed [AND] something is used for that something 's purpose [INFER] int1: the purpose of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something's purpose is that something's main function [INFER] int2: the main function of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Question: Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that occurs when the body attacks its own tissues. Which body system becomes disordered first?
Answer: immune
Hypothesis: the immune system becomes disordered first before rheumatoid arthritis occurs
Supporting facts: sent1: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent2: different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells sent3: system means a set of objects sent4: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent5: if something affects a part of something else then that something affects that something else sent6: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent7: infection can cause bodily tissues to swell sent8: rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the body attacks its own tissues sent9: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent10: a disordered immune system causes autoimmune diseases sent11: determine is similar to cause sent12: a characteristic is a part of the whole sent13: disease means illness sent14: tissues are a smaller level of organization than organs in living things sent15: tissue is a kind of group of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a similar function sent16: an autoimmune disease is when the body attacks its own tissues sent17: what something is made of is a property of the organization or that something sent18: if something is caused by something else, then that something else will happen first before that something sent19: a type is synonymous with a kind sent20: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent21: damage has a negative impact on a thing sent22: causing is a kind of affecting sent23: becoming is similar to changing sent24: to cause means to result in sent25: organ system means body system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an autoimmune disease is when the body attacks its own tissues [AND] rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the body attacks its own tissues [INFER] int1: rheumatoid arthritis is a kind of autoimmune disease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a disordered immune system causes autoimmune diseases [AND] if something is caused by something else, then that something else will happen first before that something [INFER] int2: rheumatoid arthritis is caused by a disordered immune system [BECAUSE] int2 [INFER] int3: the immune system becomes disordered first before rheumatoid arthritis occurs