ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: When you are riding a bicycle at night, your bicycle's reflectors help people in cars see your bicycle. How do bicycle reflectors work?
Answer: They bounce light back from other sources.
Hypothesis: if the reflector reflects the light toward the eye, then the reflector can be seen
Supporting facts: sent1: light rays can have a negative impact on the eyes sent2: if an object is in the light then that object is blocking the light sent3: if something has the ability to do something else , then that something can do that something else sent4: sight means vision sent5: bouncing something back means reflecting that something sent6: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent7: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent8: light pollution is made of light sent9: radiation can affect objects that are not touching sent10: to shine means to emit light sent11: a reflector is used to reflect light especially on vehicles sent12: a mirror is reflective in opacity sent13: visible light is a kind of light sent14: the ability to refract is a property of waves sent15: waves travel outward from the source sent16: light means light energy sent17: light shines on a bicycle's reflector sent18: as the wavelength of a wave increases , the frequency of the wave will decrease sent19: sunlight is a kind of light sent20: deflection is when an object changes its moving direction sent21: if an object is transparent , then light will shine through that object without scattering sent22: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent23: to reflect light means to scatter light sent24: if the energy is reflected before being absorbed , then the energy will be lost sent25: human eyes can only see light in the range of visible light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a reflector is used to reflect light especially on vehicles [AND] light shines on a bicycle's reflector [INFER] int1: the light will be reflected from the reflector [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [INFER] int2: if the reflector reflects the light toward the eye, then the reflector can be seen
Question: Which is an example of light being reflected?
Answer: looking into a mirror
Hypothesis: looking at an image in a mirror is an example of light being reflected by a mirror
Supporting facts: sent1: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object sent2: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen sent3: sight means vision sent4: not looking means not seeing sent5: if something is visible , then that something can be observed sent6: visible means able to be seen sent7: to get a better look at means to see better sent8: how something appears is how that something looks sent9: a mirror reflects light sent10: motion / movement means moving / to move sent11: looking is similar to observing sent12: light comes to the focal point after passing through a convex lens sent13: better look means see better sent14: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent15: colliding is a kind of touching sent16: waves can travel through matter sent17: what an object is made of is a kind of characteristic sent18: opacity is a property of an object and includes ordered values of opaque / translucent / transparent sent19: look at means observe sent20: if one surface is moved against / moved over / moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent21: someone is looking into a mirror sent22: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent23: sight means to see sent24: no light shines through an opaque object sent25: a surface is a part of a material
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [AND] a mirror reflects light [INFER] int1: an image in a mirror is formed by reflecting light [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] someone is looking into a mirror [INFER] int2: looking at an image in a mirror is an example of light being reflected by a mirror
Question: A person in a dark room looking through a window can clearly see a person outside in the daylight. But a person outside cannot see the person inside. Why does this happen?
Answer: There is not enough light being reflected off the person in the room.
Hypothesis: the person outside cannot see the person in the dark room
Supporting facts: sent1: to reflect light means to scatter light sent2: if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen sent3: there is a person outside in the day looking into the dark room sent4: cannot means not be able to sent5: light means light energy sent6: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent7: a light bulb is used for seeing in the dark sent8: not visible means cannot be seen sent9: sight means vision sent10: visible light can be seen without using equipment sent11: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent12: absorbance is when a wave absorbs at / stops at a surface sent13: to see means to look sent14: human eyes can only see light in the range of visible light sent15: if an object is opaque , then light will not shine through that object sent16: if the energy is reflected before being absorbed , then the energy will be lost sent17: not looking means not seeing sent18: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent19: if sound is absorbed then that sound can not be heard sent20: invisible means cannot be seen sent21: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent22: sight means to see sent23: a light bulb is a kind of tool for seeing in the dark sent24: there is a person in a dark room looking out a window in the day sent25: sunlight shining means sunlight is provided
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen [AND] there is a person in a dark room looking out a window in the day [INFER] int1: the person in the dark room will not reflect enough light to be seen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] there is a person outside in the day looking into the dark room [INFER] int2: the person outside cannot see the person in the dark room
Question: Sir Isaac Newton determined that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What did he use to discover this phenomenon?
Answer: a prism
Hypothesis: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Supporting facts: sent1: refraction is a property of light sent2: visible light is a kind of light sent3: reflection is when light is reflected from one object / one place to another object / another place sent4: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color sent5: refraction is when light bends sent6: a component means a part of sent7: color is a kind of physical / visual property sent8: glass / objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent9: refraction is when a wave goes through / transmits through / passes through a surface / a material / an object and travels in a different direction relative to the angle of incidence sent10: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent11: light is a kind of wave sent12: to discover means to make a discovery sent13: if something is a part of something else then that something else contains that something sent14: making discoveries requires observing sent15: refraction causes something to appear / to look different sent16: the ability to refract is a property of waves sent17: a component of something means a part of that something sent18: color is a property of an object / a material sent19: to illuminate means to light up sent20: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent21: refraction changes the length and the direction of light sent22: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent23: to reflect light means to scatter light sent24: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent25: a prism refracts light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prism refracts light [AND] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [INFER] int1: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Question: The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is
Answer: refracted and dispersed.
Hypothesis: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors
Supporting facts: sent1: brightness means amount of light sent2: sight means vision sent3: to see means to look sent4: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent5: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent6: glass / objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent7: visible means able to be seen sent8: refraction causes something to appear / to look different sent9: the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object sent10: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent11: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent12: to reflect light means to scatter light sent13: light rays means light sent14: a prism is used for refracting light sent15: bands / ranges of frequencies of light waves is called electromagnetic spectrum sent16: a prism refracts light sent17: light means light energy sent18: sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow sent19: brightness is a property of a light source and includes values of bright / dim sent20: refractions of light can be used to help a person see sent21: refraction is when light bends sent22: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color sent23: sight means to see sent24: a prism is a kind of tool for refracting light sent25: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [AND] the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light [INFER] int1: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors
Question: Sound will not travel in a
Answer: vacuum
Hypothesis: sound cannot travel through a vacuum
Supporting facts: sent1: noise means sound sent2: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent3: sound waves means sound energy sent4: sound means sound energy sent5: sound requires matter to travel sent6: not allowed to means can not sent7: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent8: if sound is absorbed then that sound can not be heard sent9: travel means to move sent10: definite is the opposite of variable sent11: sound wave is a kind of wave sent12: except means not sent13: cannot means not be able to sent14: can be means able to be sent15: if an organism cannot do something , then that organism is unable to do that something sent16: form means kind sent17: the ability to reflect is a property of sound wave sent18: reflecting light / sound is the opposite of absorbing light / sound sent19: not is similar to the opposite of sent20: sound is a kind of air vibration sent21: a vacuum has no matter in it sent22: to be found in means to be contained in sent23: existence is similar to living sent24: sound wave is similar to sound sent25: ability is a property of things and includes ordered values of able / unable / can / cannot
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a vacuum has no matter in it [AND] sound requires matter to travel [INFER] int1: sound cannot travel through a vacuum
Question: A pot is heated on a stove. Which process causes the metal handle of the pot to also become hot?
Answer: conduction
Hypothesis: if a pot become hot, then the handle of the pot will become hot
Supporting facts: sent1: metals usually have higher / greater conductivity than nonmetals sent2: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent3: fire transfers heat through waves sent4: conductivity is a kind of physical property sent5: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent6: a thermal insulator slows / prevents the transfer of heat sent7: if too much heat is transferred to an object then that object may burn sent8: a stove generates heat for cooking sent9: a source of something generates that something sent10: boiling point means temperature at which a liquid boils / above which a liquid boils sent11: if a hot object / substance is exposed to / touches a cold object / substance then that object / that substance will likely cool sent12: conductivity is a measure of how easily electricity travels through a material sent13: copper is a kind of metal sent14: if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy sent15: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor sent16: pot is made of metal for cooking sent17: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent18: if something hot is exposed to the air , then the heat will transfer to the air sent19: sodium is a kind of metal sent20: the heat energy in the cooler object increases in thermal conduction sent21: when metal conducts heat , that metal expands sent22: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm sent23: a handle is a part of an object for holding that object sent24: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent25: more burning causes fire to be hotter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor [AND] pot is made of metal for cooking [INFER] int1: pot is a kind of thermal conductor [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm [INFER] int2: if a pot is exposed to a source of heat, then the pot will become hot [BECAUSE] a stove generates heat for cooking [AND] a source of something generates that something [INFER] int3: a stove is a source of heat for cooking [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: if a pot is exposed to a stove, then the pot will become hot [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a handle is a part of an object for holding that object [INFER] int5: if a pot become hot, then the handle of the pot will become hot
Question: When a frying pan is placed on an electric stove top, heat energy is transferred from the burner to the pan by
Answer: conduction.
Hypothesis: thermal conduction causes the heat flows from the burner to the frying pan
Supporting facts: sent1: a thermal insulator slows / prevents the transfer of heat sent2: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent3: absorbing energy causes objects / materials / substances to heat sent4: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent5: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent6: when metal conducts heat , that metal expands sent7: a stove generates heat for cooking usually sent8: conductivity is a measure of how easily electricity travels through a material sent9: a pan is a kind of object sent10: combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy sent11: a burner is a kind of object / surface sent12: a thermal insulator can be used to remove hot objects from a heat source sent13: if something generates heat, then that something will be hot in temperature sent14: fire transfers heat through waves sent15: an electrical conductor is a vehicle for the flow of electricity sent16: if something hot is exposed to the air , then the heat will transfer to the air sent17: a burner is a part of a stove sent18: metals usually have higher / greater conductivity than nonmetals sent19: the heat energy in the cooler object increases in thermal conduction sent20: electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to heat up / to become warm sent21: a frying pan is put on the stove sent22: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent23: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent24: sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity / electric current to flow through that conductor sent25: a frying pan is room temperature when it is not exposed to a heat source
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a burner is a part of a stove [AND] a stove generates heat for cooking usually [INFER] int1: a burner of a stove generates heat for cooking usually [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something generates heat, then that something will be hot in temperature [INFER] int2: a burner of a stove will be hot in temperature [BECAUSE] a burner is a kind of object / surface [AND] a pan is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a pan and a burner are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] a frying pan is put on the stove [AND] a frying pan is room temperature when it is not exposed to a heat source [INFER] int4: a frying pan on the burner of the stove is an example of cooler object touching hot object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs [INFER] int5: thermal conduction will occur between the frying pan and the burner [BECAUSE] a burner is a kind of object / surface [AND] a pan is a kind of object [INFER] int6: a pan and a burner are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [AND] thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object [INFER] int7: thermal conduction causes the heat flows from the burner to the frying pan
Question: When a compression wave travels through a medium, in what direction is the medium displaced?
Answer: in the same direction
Hypothesis: compression waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave
Supporting facts: sent1: materials are made of matter sent2: sound requires matter to travel sent3: material means substance sent4: to cause means to result in sent5: both means two sent6: approximately means about sent7: substances are made of matter sent8: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none / least / little / some / half / much / many / most / all sent9: compression is a kind of stress sent10: travel means to move sent11: generate means produce sent12: data means information sent13: all waves transfer / transmit energy from one place to another sent14: compressed rock means sedimentary rock sent15: variable means able to change sent16: motion / movement means moving / to move sent17: longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave sent18: moving is similar to travelling sent19: longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions sent20: compression waves produces compressions and rarefactions sent21: electromagnetic wave is a kind of wave sent22: similar means in common sent23: form means kind sent24: can be means able to be sent25: affected means changed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions [AND] compression waves produces compressions and rarefactions [INFER] int1: longitudinal waves are also called compression waves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave [INFER] int2: compression waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave
Question: The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: grease is used to decrease the friction on the wheels and gears moving on other surfaces
Supporting facts: sent1: both means two sent2: heat means heat energy sent3: an insulator is the opposite of a conductor sent4: as the cause of something decreases , that something will decrease sent5: insulator means good insulator sent6: to rub / to rub together means to move against sent7: motion / movement means moving / to move sent8: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent9: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent10: better means good sent11: a gear is a kind of object sent12: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease sent13: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent14: to reduce means to decrease sent15: friction is a kind of force sent16: stay the same means not changing sent17: friction converts mechanical energy into heat energy sent18: a tool is a kind of object sent19: wheels / gears usually move against other surfaces sent20: a surface is a part of a material sent21: a wheel is a kind of object sent22: if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material sent23: as the resistance to something increases , how easilty that something can be done will decrease sent24: grease is used to make an object 's surface more smooth sent25: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease [AND] grease is used to make an object 's surface more smooth [INFER] int1: grease is used to decrease the friction among objects [BECAUSE] a gear is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] wheels / gears usually move against other surfaces [AND] a wheel is a kind of object [INFER] int2: when wheels and gears move against other surfaces, frictions will occur [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] a gear is a kind of object [AND] a wheel is a kind of object [INFER] int3: grease is used to decrease the friction on the wheels and gears moving on other surfaces
Question: A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: to drop means to fall sent2: motion / movement means moving / to move sent3: as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change sent4: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent5: rolling is a kind of motion sent6: a ball is a kind of object sent7: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent8: rolling down is similar to falling sent9: if an object in a fluid is more dense than that fluid then that object will sink in that fluid because of gravity sent10: rotating is similar to moving sent11: take place means happen sent12: come down is similar to falling sent13: the ground is at the bottom of an area sent14: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent15: exerting force on an object means a force acts on an object sent16: gravity means gravitational pull / gravitational energy / gravitational force / gravitational attraction sent17: rotate means turn sent18: spin means rotate sent19: down is a kind of direction sent20: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent21: drop means decrease sent22: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent23: force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease sent24: downward means down sent25: gravity is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity is a kind of force [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet