ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?
Answer: carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis: carbon dioxide is produced as wasted when sugar is processed by cell respiration
Supporting facts: sent1: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent2: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent3: in the cellular respiration / animal respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int1: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and sugar into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in the cellular respiration / animal respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product [INFER] int2: carbon dioxide is produced as wasted when sugar is processed by cell respiration
Question: Which function makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?
Answer: ability to convert sunlight into energy
Hypothesis: the ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy makes plant cells different from animal cells
Supporting facts: sent1: animal cells cannot perform photosynthesis sent2: plant cells can perform photosynthesis sent3: photosynthesis is a source of energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent4: carbohydrates contain chemical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animal cells cannot perform photosynthesis [AND] plant cells can perform photosynthesis [INFER] int1: the ability to perform photosynthesis makes plant cells different from animal cells [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a source of energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [AND] carbohydrates contain chemical energy [INFER] int2: photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy makes plant cells different from animal cells
Question: Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?
Answer: Both are made of cells.
Hypothesis: both the human and the apple tree are made of cells
Supporting facts: sent1: an apple tree is a kind of plant sent2: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent3: a human is a kind of animal sent4: a plant is a kind of living thing sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of animal [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: a human is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] an apple tree is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: an apple tree is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int3: both the human and the apple tree are made of cells
Question: Charisma has a goldfish she keeps in a tank. She planted several underwater plants in the bottom of the tank. How are the goldfish and the plants in the tank similar?
Answer: Both are made up of cells.
Hypothesis: both the goldfish and the plant are made of cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant is a kind of living thing sent2: a fish is a kind of living thing sent3: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent4: a goldfish is a kind of fish
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fish is a kind of living thing [AND] a goldfish is a kind of fish [INFER] int1: a goldfish is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int2: both the goldfish and the plant are made of cells
Question: A characteristic that all living organisms have in common is they
Answer: are made of cells.
Hypothesis: a property that all living things has is that they are all made of cells
Supporting facts: sent1: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent2: what something is made of is a property of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [AND] what something is made of is a property of that something [INFER] int1: a property that all living things has is that they are all made of cells
Question: Which of the following is found in all living organisms?
Answer: cell
Hypothesis: cells can be found in all living things
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is made of something else, then that something else can be found in that something sent2: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is made of something else, then that something else can be found in that something [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int1: cells can be found in all living things
Question: Which of these is found in all organisms?
Answer: a cell
Hypothesis: organisms are made of cells according to the cell theory
Supporting facts: sent1: all living things are organisms sent2: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all living things are organisms [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int1: organisms are made of cells according to the cell theory
Question: Which statement about all living organisms is true?
Answer: They have at least one cell.
Hypothesis: all living things contain at least one cell
Supporting facts: sent1: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent2: if something is made of something else, then that something contains at least one of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [AND] if something is made of something else, then that something contains at least one of that something else [INFER] int1: all living things contain at least one cell
Question: A researcher examines a marine organism that is the size of an average human hand. Without more information, which statement about the organism is most likely accurate?
Answer: It is made of many cells.
Hypothesis: the organism may be made of many cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible sent2: a human hand is large enough in size to be visible sent3: a multicellular organism is made of many cells sent4: an organism has a size of an average human hand
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human hand is large enough in size to be visible [AND] an organism has a size of an average human hand [INFER] int1: the organism is large enough to be visible [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a multicellular organism is large enough to be visible [INFER] int2: the organism may be a multicellular organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a multicellular organism is made of many cells [INFER] int3: the organism may be made of many cells
Question: Which of these is a function of all cells?
Answer: to extract energy from food to sustain life
Hypothesis: all cells produce energy by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: a source of something produces that something sent2: all cells perform cellular respiration sent3: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent4: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a source of something produces that something [AND] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activites [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int2: cellular repiration produces energy by extracting energy from food [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] all cells perform cellular respiration [INFER] int3: all cells produce energy by extracting energy from food
Question: Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. Which describes the greatest difference between the cells of a baby gorilla and the cells of an adult gorilla?
Answer: The adult has more cells than the baby.
Hypothesis: the number of cells in the adult gorilla is more than the number of cells in the baby gorilla
Supporting facts: sent1: a gorilla is a kind of animal sent2: growth causes a baby to become an adult sent3: baby animals become adult animals sent4: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent5: cell division often causes growth / healing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a gorilla is a kind of animal [AND] baby animals become adult animals [INFER] int1: a baby gorilla become adult gorilla [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] growth causes a baby to become an adult [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int2: cell division causes the baby gorilla to become adult gorilla [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cell division increases the number of cells in the body [INFER] int3: the number of cells in the adult gorilla is more than the number of cells in the baby gorilla
Question: A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?
Answer: Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.
Hypothesis: the student is observing a living thing
Supporting facts: sent1: a student observes cells in an object sent2: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a student observes cells in an object [AND] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [INFER] int1: the student is observing a living thing
Question: Which part of the body carries out the function of copying DNA?
Answer: cells
Hypothesis: cells are the part of body that copies dna
Supporting facts: sent1: cells are a part of the body sent2: cells copy dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cells are a part of the body [AND] cells copy dna [INFER] int1: cells are the part of body that copies dna
Question: Compared to the amount of hereditary information in a human body cell, how much hereditary information is contained in a human sex cell?
Answer: one-half the amount
Hypothesis: a human sex cell contains one half of the chromosomes of a human body cell
Supporting facts: sent1: 23 is one half of 46 sent2: a human body cell contains 46 chromosomes sent3: a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] 23 is one half of 46 [AND] a human body cell contains 46 chromosomes [AND] a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes [INFER] int1: a human sex cell contains one half of the chromosomes of a human body cell
Question: Mitosis occurs in living things when a cell divides to produce two cells. Compared to the original cell, how many chromosomes are in each of the resulting cells?
Answer: the same number
Hypothesis: mitosis produces two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Supporting facts: sent1: things that are identical will have the same number of parts sent2: a chromosome is a part of a cell sent3: mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell sent4: a cell is a kind of thing sent5: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] things that are identical will have the same number of parts [AND] a chromosome is a part of a cell [AND] a cell is a kind of thing [INFER] int1: cells that are identical will have the same number of chromosomes [BECAUSE] mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell [AND] mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell [INFER] int2: mitosis produces two diploid cells that are identical to the parent diploid cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: mitosis produces two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Question: Which sentence best describes the organization of the heart?
Answer: The heart is an organ made up of different types of tissues, each of which has different types of cells.
Hypothesis: a heart is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: organs are made of different types of cellular tissues sent2: different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells sent3: a heart is a kind of organ
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] organs are made of different types of cellular tissues [AND] different cellular tissues are made of different types of somatic cells [INFER] int1: an organ is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a heart is a kind of organ [INFER] int2: a heart is made of different types of cellular tissues that are made of different types of somatic cells
Question: When a thin slice from an onion is viewed through a microscope, lots of little box-like shapes are seen. These shapes are most likely
Answer: cells.
Hypothesis: the objects seen under the microscope are onion cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant cell is box-like in shape sent2: a plant is made of plant cells sent3: a vegetable is a kind of plant sent4: an onion is a kind of vegetable sent5: a lots of box-like objects are seen under a microscope on a slice of onion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a vegetable is a kind of plant [AND] an onion is a kind of vegetable [INFER] int1: an onion is a kind of plant [BECAUSE] a plant cell is box-like in shape [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int2: a plant is made of box-like plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an onion is made of box-like onion cells [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a lots of box-like objects are seen under a microscope on a slice of onion [INFER] int4: the objects seen under the microscope are onion cells
Question: Which of these organisms has cells with cell walls?
Answer: A pine tree
Hypothesis: a pine tree is the organism that is made of cells with cell wall
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant is a kind of organism sent2: a pine tree is a kind of tree sent3: a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane sent4: a plant is made of plant cells sent5: a tree is a kind of plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int1: plant cells have cell wall to support and protect the cell membrane [BECAUSE] a pine tree is a kind of tree [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int2: a pine tree is a kind of plant [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int3: a pine tree is a kind of organism that is made of plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a pine tree is the organism that is made of cells with cell wall
Question: With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?
Answer: a plant cell
Hypothesis: a cell nucleus, chloroplast and a cell wall are part of a plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: chloroplast is a part of a plant cell sent2: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent3: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent4: a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant cell is a kind of cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: a cell nucleus is a part of a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chloroplast is a part of a plant cell [AND] a cell wall is a part of a plant cell for supporting and protecting the cell membrane [INFER] int2: a cell nucleus, chloroplast and a cell wall are part of a plant cell
Question: Which food items can be broken down mostly into amino acids?
Answer: hamburger patties
Hypothesis: a hamburger patty can be broken down into amino acids
Supporting facts: sent1: meat is made of amino acids sent2: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent3: a hamburger patty is a kind of meat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] meat is made of amino acids [AND] if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [INFER] int1: meat can be broken down into amino acids [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a hamburger patty is a kind of meat [INFER] int2: a hamburger patty can be broken down into amino acids
Question: Which biological process in mammals occurs largely due to cell division?
Answer: healing
Hypothesis: cell division often causes the biological process of healing
Supporting facts: sent1: healing is a kind of biological process sent2: cell division often causes growth / healing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] healing is a kind of biological process [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int1: cell division often causes the biological process of healing
Question: Multicellular organisms grow in size by producing more
Answer: cells.
Hypothesis: cell division causes growth in size by producing more cells for multicellular organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: growth means size / number / value / strength increases sent2: cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms sent3: cell division often causes growth / healing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] growth means size / number / value / strength increases [AND] cell division often causes growth / healing [INFER] int1: cell division causes growth in size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division produces more cells for multicellular organisms [INFER] int2: cell division causes growth in size by producing more cells for multicellular organisms
Question: Toni got a cut on her arm while playing in a softball game. A few weeks later, the cut was healed. Which process is most responsible for repairing the cut?
Answer: reproduction of skin cells
Hypothesis: the reproduction of skin cells can heal the cut on the skin tissue
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division often causes growth / healing sent2: there is a cut on the skin tissue sent3: cell division is a kind of way for cells to reproduce
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cell division often causes growth / healing [AND] there is a cut on the skin tissue [INFER] int1: cell division can heal the cut on the skin tissue [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division is a kind of way for cells to reproduce [INFER] int2: the reproduction of skin cells can heal the cut on the skin tissue
Question: A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?
Answer: Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.
Hypothesis: the cell division of eukaryotic cells is slower than the cell division of prokaryotic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: as the structural complexity of a cell increases , the speed of the cell dividing into more cells decreases sent2: eukaryotic cells are more complex in cell structures than prokaryotic cells
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the structural complexity of a cell increases , the speed of the cell dividing into more cells decreases [AND] eukaryotic cells are more complex in cell structures than prokaryotic cells [INFER] int1: the cell division of eukaryotic cells is slower than the cell division of prokaryotic cells
Question: Which is true about reproduction for both an amoeba and a paramecium?
Answer: A paramecium can conjugate, but an amoeba cannot.
Hypothesis: a paramecium can conjugate but an amoeba cannot conjugate
Supporting facts: sent1: amoebas reproduce asexually through fission sent2: conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction sent3: paramecia will conjugate to increase genetic variation under harsh environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction [AND] paramecia will conjugate to increase genetic variation under harsh environment [INFER] int1: a paramecium can conjugate [BECAUSE] amoebas reproduce asexually through fission [AND] conjugation is a kind of bacterial reproduction [INFER] int2: an amoeba cannot conjugate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a paramecium can conjugate but an amoeba cannot conjugate
Question: Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation
Answer: results in two genetically identical cells.
Hypothesis: the difference between the conjugation in paramecia and sexual reproduction in volvox is conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form and sexual reproduction causes two different cells to form
Supporting facts: sent1: a paramecium can conjugate sent2: sexual reproduction in volvox causes different cells to form sent3: conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a paramecium can conjugate [AND] conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form [INFER] int1: a paramecium conjugating causes two genetically identical cells to form [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sexual reproduction in volvox causes different cells to form [INFER] int2: the difference between the conjugation in paramecia and sexual reproduction in volvox is conjugation causes two genetically identical cells to form and sexual reproduction causes two different cells to form
Question: Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration?
Answer: to provide energy for cell activities
Hypothesis: cellular repiration produces energy for cell activites by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent2: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy [AND] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [INFER] int1: cellular repiration produces energy for cell activites by extracting energy from food
Question: What is the result of cellular respiration?
Answer: Energy for cell processes is released.
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent2: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: In the human body, cellular respiration breaks down sugar molecules after they enter the cell. What results from this process?
Answer: release of energy
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy by converting sugars and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Supporting facts: sent1: food contains carbohydrates sent2: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent3: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy sent4: carbohydrates are made of sugars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int1: cellular respiration converts from oxygen and sugars into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [BECAUSE] food contains carbohydrates [AND] cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from food to produce energy [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int2: cellular respiration is when cells break down / extract energy from sugars to produce energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: cellular respiration produces energy by converting sugars and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy