ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Tigers and household cats are members of the same family; however, their sizes are vastly different. What is the cause of this difference?
Answer: genetics
Hypothesis: genetic difference in tigers and cats determines the difference in size
Supporting facts: sent1: different species of organisms have different inherited characteristics sent2: tigers and household cats are different species sent3: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent4: the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different species of organisms have different inherited characteristics [AND] the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: different species of organisms will have different inherited characteristics in size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int2: different species of organisms have different genes determining the size [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] tigers and household cats are different species [INFER] int3: genetic difference in tigers and cats determines the difference in size
Question: Which of these determines whether a fertilized egg develops into a toad, a snake, or a lizard?
Answer: the genes of the egg
Hypothesis: the genes of toad, snake, and lizard determine their species
Supporting facts: sent1: a snake is a kind of animal sent2: a lizard is a kind of animal sent3: different kinds of animal belong to different type of species sent4: species is an inherited characteristic sent5: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent6: toad is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] species is an inherited characteristic [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int1: genes are able to determine the species of a living thing [BECAUSE] a snake is a kind of animal [AND] a lizard is a kind of animal [AND] different kinds of animal belong to different type of species [AND] toad is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: toad, snake, and lizard are different species [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the genes of toad, snake, and lizard determine their species
Question: What type of inheritance controls blood types in humans?
Answer: multiple alleles
Hypothesis: alleles can determine the blood type of human
Supporting facts: sent1: blood type is an inherited characteristic sent2: a human is a kind of animal sent3: alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of animal [AND] alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals [INFER] int1: alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of human [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] blood type is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: alleles can determine the blood type of human
Question: Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA to RNA to protein
Hypothesis: genetic information flows from dna to rna to proteins in central dogma of molecular biology
Supporting facts: sent1: translation is when genetic information flows from rna to proteins sent2: in the central dogma of molecular biology , translation follows transcription sent3: transcription is when genetic information flows from dna to rna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] translation is when genetic information flows from rna to proteins [AND] in the central dogma of molecular biology , translation follows transcription [AND] transcription is when genetic information flows from dna to rna [INFER] int1: genetic information flows from dna to rna to proteins in central dogma of molecular biology
Question: Which part of a DNA molecule represents encoded information?
Answer: guanine
Hypothesis: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in guanine in dna
Supporting facts: sent1: a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information sent2: guanine is a kind of nitrogenous base in dna / rna sent3: a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information [AND] a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base [INFER] int1: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in the nitrogenous base [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] guanine is a kind of nitrogenous base in dna / rna [INFER] int2: a basic unit of genetic information can be found in guanine in dna
Question: What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule?
Answer: nucleotide
Hypothesis: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna molecule
Supporting facts: sent1: nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna sent2: nucleotide is a kind of monomer sent3: dna is a kind of molecule
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna [AND] nucleotide is a kind of monomer [INFER] int1: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] dna is a kind of molecule [INFER] int2: a nucleotide is a repeating monomer in dna molecule
Question: All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?
Answer: nucleotides
Hypothesis: nucleotides are the repeating subunits of dna and rna
Supporting facts: sent1: rna often are made of one sequence of nucleotides sent2: nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna and rna sent3: dna are made of two sequences of nucleotides linked together
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rna often are made of one sequence of nucleotides [AND] dna are made of two sequences of nucleotides linked together [INFER] int1: dna and rna are both made of nucleotides [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna and rna [INFER] int2: nucleotides are the repeating subunits of dna and rna
Question: In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. What size pea plants will result when a pure tall plant is crossed with a pure short plant?
Answer: tall plants
Hypothesis: crossing a pure tall pea plant with a pure short pea plant causes their offspring to be tall pea plants
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant is a kind of organism sent2: tall height is a dominant trait in pea plants sent3: short height is a recessive trait in pea plants sent4: crossing a pure dominant organism with a pure recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] tall height is a dominant trait in pea plants [AND] short height is a recessive trait in pea plants [AND] crossing a pure dominant organism with a pure recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant [INFER] int1: crossing a pure tall pea plant with a pure short pea plant causes their offspring to be tall pea plants
Question: In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. What size pea plants would result when two short plants are crossed?
Answer: short plants only
Hypothesis: crossing two short pea plants causes their offspring to be short plants
Supporting facts: sent1: crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait sent2: pea plants are a kind of living thing sent3: short height is a recessive trait in pea plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait [AND] pea plants are a kind of living thing [AND] short height is a recessive trait in pea plants [INFER] int1: crossing two short pea plants causes their offspring to be short plants
Question: In whitetail deer, females seldom grow antlers. Which best explains why male whitetail deer grow antlers but females seldom grow antlers?
Answer: Antler growth is controlled by genes.
Hypothesis: antler growth of white tailed deer is determined by the genes
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal is a kind of living thing sent2: the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic sent3: white tailed deer is a kind of living thing sent4: antlers are usually part of animals sent5: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] antlers are usually part of animals [INFER] int1: antlers are usually part of a living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic of living things [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int3: antler growth is determined by the genes of a living thing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] white tailed deer is a kind of living thing [INFER] int4: antler growth of white tailed deer is determined by the genes
Question: Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder. If only one gene is present, an individual is a carrier. What is the probability of two healthy Tay-Sachs carriers having a child that has the disease?
Answer: 25%
Hypothesis: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to have the tay-sachs disease
Supporting facts: sent1: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent2: crossing two heterozygous dominant organisms causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 25% probability sent3: a heterozygous organism contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene sent4: if only recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed sent5: a tay-sachs disease carrier have one dominant and one recessive tay-sachs gene
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a heterozygous organism contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene [AND] a tay-sachs disease carrier have one dominant and one recessive tay-sachs gene [INFER] int1: a tay-sachs disease carrier is heterozygous [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] crossing two heterozygous dominant organisms causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 25% probability [INFER] int2: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to be homozygous recessive in tay-sachs disease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes [INFER] int3: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to contain only recessive genes for tay-sachs disease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if only recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed [INFER] int4: the offspring of two tay-sachs carriers will have 25% probability to have the tay-sachs disease
Question: In humans, the gene for a free earlobe [E] is dominant over the gene for an attached earlobe [e]. If one parent has a free earlobe [ Ee ] and the other parent has an attached earlobe ( ee ), what is the probability that their offspring will have an attached earlobe?
Answer: 50%
Hypothesis: the offspring will have a 50% probability to have an attached earlobe
Supporting facts: sent1: one parent is heterozygous dominant in earlobe sent2: the other parent is homozygous recessive in earlobe sent3: an attached earlobe is a recessive trait in human sent4: a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes sent5: crossing a heterozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 50% probability sent6: if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] one parent is heterozygous dominant in earlobe [AND] the other parent is homozygous recessive in earlobe [AND] crossing a heterozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 50% probability [INFER] int1: the offspring will have a 50% probability to be homozygous recessive [BECAUSE] an attached earlobe is a recessive trait in human [AND] if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed [INFER] int2: to have an attached earlobe requires the human to have both recessive genes [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes [INFER] int3: to have an attached earlobe requires the human to be homozygous recessive [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the offspring will have a 50% probability to have an attached earlobe
Question: A mouse is homozygous for black fur (BB). The other parent is heterozygous for black fur with a recessive trait for brown fur ( Bb ). If black is the dominant trait, what percentage of the offspring will be brown?
Answer: 0%
Hypothesis: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to be brown
Supporting facts: sent1: a heterozygous black (bb) mouse is crossed with homozygous black mouse (bb) sent2: bb means heterozygous dominant sent3: bb means homozygous dominant sent4: if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed homozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of having recessive trait sent5: brown fur is a recessive trait in mouse
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a heterozygous black (bb) mouse is crossed with homozygous black mouse (bb) [AND] bb means heterozygous dominant [AND] bb means homozygous dominant [AND] if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed homozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of having recessive trait [INFER] int1: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to express recessive trait [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] brown fur is a recessive trait in mouse [INFER] int2: the offspring of the mice will have a 0% probability to be brown
Question: Tall plants are dominant to short plants. What is the outcome if two short plants are crossed?
Answer: all short plants
Hypothesis: the offspring of two short plants will all be short plants
Supporting facts: sent1: short height is usually a recessive trait in plants sent2: a plant is a kind of living thing sent3: crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait sent4: two short plants are crossed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] short height is usually a recessive trait in plants [AND] two short plants are crossed [INFER] int1: two plants with recessive trait of short height are crossed [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [AND] crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait [INFER] int2: the offspring of two short plants will all be short plants
Question: In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?
Answer: both white
Hypothesis: crossing two snapdragon plants with white flower will cause the offspring to have white flowers
Supporting facts: sent1: crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait sent2: white flower is a recessive trait in snapdragon plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait [AND] white flower is a recessive trait in snapdragon plant [INFER] int1: crossing two snapdragon plants with white flower will cause the offspring to have white flowers
Question: Red is dominant to white for flower color in a particular plant. If a red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr), what color will the offspring be?
Answer: 100% red
Hypothesis: the offspring of the red flowered plant and white flowered plant will 100% be red
Supporting facts: sent1: rr means the plant has pure recessive trait sent2: if pure dominant organism is crossed a pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 100% probability of being heterozygous dominant sent3: rr means the plant has pure dominant trait sent4: a red flowered plant (rr) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr) sent5: red flower is a dominant trait in some plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rr means the plant has pure recessive trait [AND] rr means the plant has pure dominant trait [AND] a red flowered plant (rr) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr) [INFER] int1: a pure dominant red flowered plant is crossed with a pure recessive white flowered plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if pure dominant organism is crossed a pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 100% probability of being heterozygous dominant [INFER] int2: the offspring of the red flowered plant and white flowered plant will 100% be heterozygous dominant [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] red flower is a dominant trait in some plant [INFER] int3: the offspring of the red flowered plant and white flowered plant will 100% be red
Question: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If each parent carries one sickle cell allele, what are the chances that their child will have sickle cell anemia?
Answer: one in four
Hypothesis: one in four of the offspring of heterozygous dominant parents will have sickle cell anemia
Supporting facts: sent1: one in four is the same as 25% sent2: each parent carries one sickle cell allele sent3: sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait in human sent4: if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed with a heterozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 25% probability of being homozygous recessive sent5: homozygous recessive organisms will show the recessive trait sent6: heterozygous dominant organisms have one dominant gene and one recessive gene
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] each parent carries one sickle cell allele [AND] sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait in human [INFER] int1: each parent has one dominant gene and a recessive gene for sickle cell anemia [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] heterozygous dominant organisms have one dominant gene and one recessive gene [INFER] int2: both parents are heterozygous dominant for sickle cell anemia [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed with a heterozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 25% probability of being homozygous recessive [INFER] int3: the offspring of heterozygous dominant parents will have 25% probability of being homozygous recessive for sickle cell anemia [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] homozygous recessive organisms will show the recessive trait [INFER] int4: the offspring of heterozygous dominant parents will have 25% probability of having sickle cell anemia [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] one in four is the same as 25% [INFER] int5: one in four of the offspring of heterozygous dominant parents will have sickle cell anemia
Question: How does a tiger get stripes?
Answer: from its parents
Hypothesis: a tiger will inherit striped color pattern of its fur from its parents
Supporting facts: sent1: striped is a kind of color pattern sent2: the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic sent3: a tiger is a kind of animal sent4: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: offspring will inherit the color of fur from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] striped is a kind of color pattern [AND] a tiger is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: a tiger will inherit striped color pattern of its fur from its parents
Question: Eye color is a physical trait. Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?
Answer: Eye color is an inherited trait.
Hypothesis: the eye color of a child is an inheried characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: a child is a kind of young human sent2: human is a kind of organism sent3: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics sent4: eyes are a part of a human for seeing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] human is a kind of organism [AND] the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics [AND] eyes are a part of a human for seeing [INFER] int1: eye color is an inherited characteristic of human [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a child is a kind of young human [INFER] int2: the eye color of a child is an inheried characteristic
Question: Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?
Answer: having blue eyes
Hypothesis: having blue eyes is an inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: blue is a kind of color sent2: eye color is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue is a kind of color [AND] eye color is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: having blue eyes is an inherited characteristic
Question: A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow?
Answer: The flowers of the parent plants were yellow.
Hypothesis: the parents of the plant are likely to have yellow flowers
Supporting facts: sent1: yellow is a kind of color sent2: flower is a part of a plant sent3: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics sent4: a plant is a kind of organism sent5: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed down from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent6: the plant offspring has yellow flowers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] flower is a part of a plant [AND] the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: the color of plants' flowers is a kind of inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed down from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int2: plants offspring can inherit the flower color from their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] yellow is a kind of color [AND] the plant offspring has yellow flowers [INFER] int3: the parents of the plant are likely to have yellow flowers
Question: Which characteristic can a puppy inherit from its parents?
Answer: spotted fur
Hypothesis: a dog will inherit spotted fur from its parents
Supporting facts: sent1: the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic sent2: spotted is a kind of color pattern sent3: a dog is a kind of animal sent4: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: offspring will inherit the color of fur from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] spotted is a kind of color pattern [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: a dog will inherit spotted fur from its parents
Question: An example of an instinct is
Answer: salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs.
Hypothesis: salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs is a kind of instinct
Supporting facts: sent1: reproductive behavior is a kind of instinct sent2: an example of a reproductive behavior is salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reproductive behavior is a kind of instinct [AND] an example of a reproductive behavior is salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs [INFER] int1: salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs is a kind of instinct
Question: Which trait do children most likely inherit from their parents?
Answer: shape of earlobes
Hypothesis: children will inheirt the shape of the earlobe from his their parents
Supporting facts: sent1: offspring inherit inherited characteristics from their parents through dna sent2: an earlobe is a kind of body part of human sent3: a child is a kind of young human offspring sent4: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an earlobe is a kind of body part of human [AND] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: the shape of the earlobe is an inherited characteristic of human [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] offspring inherit inherited characteristics from their parents through dna [INFER] int2: human offspring will inherit the shape of the earlobe from their parents through dna [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a child is a kind of young human offspring [INFER] int3: children will inheirt the shape of the earlobe from his their parents