ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Granite is classified as a rock because it
Answer: is made of minerals.
Hypothesis: rock is made of minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: granite contains mica sent2: feldspar is a kind of mineral sent3: mica is a kind of mineral sent4: granite contains feldspar sent5: quartz is a kind of mineral sent6: granite is a kind of rock sent7: granite contains quartz
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] granite contains mica [AND] granite contains feldspar [AND] granite contains quartz [INFER] int1: granite is made of quartz, feldspar, and mica [BECAUSE] feldspar is a kind of mineral [AND] mica is a kind of mineral [AND] quartz is a kind of mineral [INFER] int2: quartz, feldspar, and mica are minerals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: granite is made of minerals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] granite is a kind of rock [INFER] int4: rock is made of minerals
Question: Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the
Answer: origin of the rocks.
Hypothesis: the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks
Supporting facts: sent1: different classes of rocks are formed by different methods sent2: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent3: the origin of a rock means the method by which a rock is formed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different classes of rocks are formed by different methods [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int1: the method by which a rock is formed can be used to classify rocks [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the origin of a rock means the method by which a rock is formed [INFER] int2: the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks
Question: Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks?
Answer: oceans
Hypothesis: most of the formation of organic rocks in the hydroshpere occurs in the oceans
Supporting facts: sent1: the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean sent2: the surface of the earth is made of 70% ocean sent3: most means over 50% of something sent4: the hydrosphere is a thin layer of water covering the earth 's surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the surface of the earth is made of 70% ocean [AND] most means over 50% of something [INFER] int1: most of earth's surface is made of oceans [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the hydrosphere is a thin layer of water covering the earth 's surface [INFER] int2: most of the hydroshpere is made of oceans [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean [INFER] int3: most of the formation of organic rocks in the hydroshpere occurs in the oceans
Question: Granite is an igneous rock. Which of these describes what usually happens to granite after it is weathered, broken into small particles, buried deep underground, and compacted?
Answer: The granite becomes a new rock type.
Hypothesis: the granite will become a new rock
Supporting facts: sent1: if granite is broken down into sediment sent2: formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks sent3: the sediment from the granite is buried and compacted sent4: the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction sent5: if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process sent6: sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together sent7: in the formation of sedimentary rock , burying the sediments follows depositing the sediments
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if granite is broken down into sediment [AND] the sediment from the granite is buried and compacted [INFER] int1: granite is broken down into sediment that is buried and compacted [BECAUSE] the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction [AND] if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int2: forming sedimentary rock requires burying [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] in the formation of sedimentary rock , burying the sediments follows depositing the sediments [INFER] int3: forming sedimentary rock requires burying sediments [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together [INFER] int4: sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment being buried and compacted [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks [INFER] int5: in the rock cycle, new rocks can be formed by sediment being buried and compacted [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the granite will become a new rock
Question: Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?
Answer: heat from magma
Hypothesis: heat from magma can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Supporting facts: sent1: metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure sent2: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent3: magma is extremely high in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [AND] magma is extremely high in temperature [INFER] int1: heat from magma can change a rock into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sedimentary rock is a kind of rock [INFER] int2: heat from magma can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Question: Which transition is most responsible for gaps in the fossil record?
Answer: sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock
Hypothesis: sedimentary rock changing to metamorphic rock causes gaps in the fossil record
Supporting facts: sent1: if something that contains a thing is changed into something else that doesn't contain that thing, then that thing is lost / destroyed when that something changes into that something else sent2: metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils sent3: nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock sent4: if something is found in something else then that something else contains that something sent5: sedimentary is a class of rock sent6: metamorphic is a class of rock sent7: formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks sent8: if fossils are destroyed in rock transition , then there will be gaps in the fossil record
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock [AND] if something is found in something else then that something else contains that something [INFER] int1: sedimentary rocks can contain fossils [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils [INFER] int2: sedimentary rocks can contain fossils and metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils [BECAUSE] sedimentary is a class of rock [AND] metamorphic is a class of rock [INFER] int3: sedimentary and metamorphic are classes of rock [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks [INFER] int4: formation in the rock cycle can mean sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: in the rock cycle, sedimentary rocks that contain fossils can be changed into metamorphic rocks that do not contain fossils [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something that contains a thing is changed into something else that doesn't contain that thing, then that thing is lost / destroyed when that something changes into that something else [INFER] int6: fossils are lost / destroyed when sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if fossils are destroyed in rock transition , then there will be gaps in the fossil record [INFER] int7: sedimentary rock changing to metamorphic rock causes gaps in the fossil record
Question: When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat energy is in the process of changing igneous rock to metamorphic rock
Supporting facts: sent1: heat is a kind of energy sent2: change is a kind of process sent3: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat is a kind of energy [AND] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock [INFER] int1: exposure to heat energy can change igneous rock into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] change is a kind of process [INFER] int2: heat energy is in the process of changing igneous rock to metamorphic rock
Question: Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?
Answer: Igneous rock
Hypothesis: pumice is a kind of igneous rock
Supporting facts: sent1: igneous rocks are formed by lava cooling sent2: pumice is formed when lava cools
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] igneous rocks are formed by lava cooling [AND] pumice is formed when lava cools [INFER] int1: pumice is a kind of igneous rock
Question: Where is an igneous rock such as pumice most likely formed?
Answer: near a volcano
Hypothesis: pumice is likely formed near a volcano
Supporting facts: sent1: if something usually happens then that something is likely to happen sent2: igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing sent3: if something is formed by a material changing then that something is formed from that material sent4: a volcano is a source of magma / lava sent5: usually something can be found near a source in greater concentrations sent6: cooling is a kind of change sent7: lava is a kind of material sent8: pumice is a kind of igneous rock
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing [AND] pumice is a kind of igneous rock [INFER] int1: pumice is formed by lava cooling [BECAUSE] if something is formed by a material changing then that something is formed from that material [AND] lava is a kind of material [INFER] int2: if something is formed by lava changing then that something is formed from lava [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cooling is a kind of change [INFER] int3: if something is formed by lava cooling then that something is formed from lava [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: pumice is formed from lava [BECAUSE] a volcano is a source of magma / lava [AND] usually something can be found near a source in greater concentrations [INFER] int5: usually lava can be found near a volcano [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something usually happens then that something is likely to happen [INFER] int6: lava can likely be found near a volcano [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: pumice is likely formed near a volcano
Question: In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must
Answer: be formed from magma.
Hypothesis: a rock can be classified as igneous if it was formed from magma
Supporting facts: sent1: a class of something means a type of something sent2: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent3: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent4: igneous rocks are formed by magma cooling / crystallizing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a class of something means a type of something [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [INFER] int1: classifying is when one sorts something by class [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int2: rocks can be classified based on how they were formed [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] igneous rocks are formed by magma cooling / crystallizing [INFER] int3: a rock can be classified as igneous if it was formed from magma
Question: Which characteristic property indicates that igneous rock cools slowly?
Answer: crystal size
Hypothesis: crystal size is a property of a rock that indicates whether a rock cooled slowly
Supporting facts: sent1: if something causes something else then that something affects that something else sent2: as the rate of rocks cooling decreases , the crystal size of the rock will increase sent3: crystal size is a property of rocks and includes values of small / large sent4: rate is a kind of measurement of speed sent5: to slow / to slow down decreases speed sent6: if something affects something else then that something else indicates whether that something happened
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the rate of rocks cooling decreases , the crystal size of the rock will increase [AND] rate is a kind of measurement of speed [INFER] int1: as the speed of rocks cooling decreases, the crystal size of the rock will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to slow / to slow down decreases speed [INFER] int2: a rock cooling slowly causes the crystal size of the rock to increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something causes something else then that something affects that something else [INFER] int3: a rock cooling slowly affects the crystal size of the rock [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something affects something else then that something else indicates whether that something happened [INFER] int4: the crystal size of a rock indicates whether the rock cooled slowly [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] crystal size is a property of rocks and includes values of small / large [INFER] int5: crystal size is a property of a rock that indicates whether a rock cooled slowly
Question: Which of the following areas is most likely to form metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and schist?
Answer: a site deep underground
Hypothesis: metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in a site deep underground
Supporting facts: sent1: great can mean high in value sent2: underground means buried deep below other rocks sent3: exposure to pressure is a kind of condition sent4: exposure to heat is a kind of condition sent5: a site is a kind of area sent6: metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure sent7: extreme means very high in value sent8: deep means great in depth sent9: if something is formed by certain conditions then that something will likely be formed in an area with those conditions sent10: as rocks are buried deeper below other rocks , the pressure / heat on that rock will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] exposure to pressure is a kind of condition [AND] exposure to heat is a kind of condition [INFER] int1: exposure to heat and pressure are kinds of conditions [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is formed by certain conditions then that something will likely be formed in an area with those conditions [INFER] int2: if something is formed by being exposed to heat and pressure then that something will likely be formed in an area with heat and pressure [BECAUSE] great can mean high in value [AND] extreme means very high in value [INFER] int3: extreme can mean great [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [INFER] int4: metamorphic rocks are formed by being exposed to great heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: metamorphic rock will likely be formed in an area with great heat and pressure [BECAUSE] as rocks are buried deeper below other rocks , the pressure / heat on that rock will increase [AND] underground means buried deep below other rocks [INFER] int6: as rocks are buried deeper underground, the pressure / heat on that rock will increase [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] deep means great in depth [INFER] int7: if a rock is buried deep underground then the pressure / heat on that rock will be great [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in an area deep underground [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] a site is a kind of area [INFER] int9: metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in a site deep underground
Question: Which type of rock is formed from limestone that has been compacted, heated, and recrystallized?
Answer: marble
Hypothesis: marble is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized
Supporting facts: sent1: the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized sent2: marble is a kind of metamorphic rock sent3: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock sent4: if something changes into something else then that something else is formed from that something sent5: limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock [AND] if something changes into something else then that something else is formed from that something [INFER] int1: metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized [INFER] int2: metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock being compacted, heated, and recrystallized [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int3: metamorphic rock is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] marble is a kind of metamorphic rock [INFER] int4: marble is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized
Question: Which type of rock is formed when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure?
Answer: marble
Hypothesis: marble can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure
Supporting facts: sent1: limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock sent2: sedimentary rock is a kind of rock sent3: to be exposed to something means to be subjected to something sent4: marble is a kind of metamorphic rock sent5: metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sedimentary rock is a kind of rock [AND] metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [INFER] int1: metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to be exposed to something means to be subjected to something [INFER] int2: metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being subjected to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int3: metamorphic rocks can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] marble is a kind of metamorphic rock [INFER] int4: marble can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure
Question: Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?
Answer: metamorphic rock
Hypothesis: two tectonic plates pushing toward each other changes the earth's crust material into metamorphic rock
Supporting facts: sent1: the continental crust mainly is made of granite sent2: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock sent3: continental crust is a kind of crust sent4: two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in earth's crust sent5: rock is a kind of material sent6: the crust is made of different kinds of crust sent7: basalt is a kind of igneous rock sent8: the crust is a layer of the earth sent9: the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt sent10: oceanic crust is a kind of crust sent11: granite is a kind of igneous rock sent12: intense can mean extreme
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the continental crust mainly is made of granite [AND] granite is a kind of igneous rock [INFER] int1: the continental crust is mainly made of igneous rock [BECAUSE] basalt is a kind of igneous rock [AND] the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt [INFER] int2: the oceanic crust is mainly made of igneous rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: continental and oceanic crust are mainly made of igneous rock [BECAUSE] oceanic crust is a kind of crust [AND] continental crust is a kind of crust [INFER] int4: continental and oceanic crust are kinds of crust [BECAUSE] the crust is made of different kinds of crust [AND] the crust is a layer of the earth [INFER] int5: the earth's crust is made of different kinds of crust [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the earth's crust is made of continental and oceanic crust [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: the earth's crust is mainly made of igneous rock [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] rock is a kind of material [INFER] int8: the material of earth's crust is mainly igneous rock [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock [INFER] int9: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes the material of earth's crust into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] intense can mean extreme [INFER] int10: exposure to intense heat and pressure changes the material of earth's crust into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in earth's crust [INFER] int11: two tectonic plates pushing toward each other changes the earth's crust material into metamorphic rock
Question: Which kind of rock is produced by deposition and cementation?
Answer: sandstone, a sedimentary rock
Hypothesis: sandstone is produced by deposition and cementation
Supporting facts: sent1: products are formed / are produced / are created sent2: sandstone is a kind of sedimentary rock sent3: sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] products are formed / are produced / are created [AND] sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation [INFER] int1: sedimentary rocks are produced by deposition and cementation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sandstone is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int2: sandstone is produced by deposition and cementation
Question: One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are
Answer: broken up and deposited in layers.
Hypothesis: a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited in layers
Supporting facts: sent1: weathering is a kind of erosion sent2: sedimentary rocks are formed in layers sent3: sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition sent4: weathering is a kind of geologic process sent5: weathering / mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks / surface materials from a larger whole into smaller pieces by weather / mechanical means sent6: erosion causes deposition sent7: deposition is a kind of natural process sent8: the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] weathering is a kind of erosion [AND] erosion causes deposition [INFER] int1: weathering causes deposition [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction [INFER] int2: a stage in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited [BECAUSE] weathering is a kind of geologic process [AND] deposition is a kind of natural process [INFER] int3: weathering and deposition are kinds of processes [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] weathering / mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks / surface materials from a larger whole into smaller pieces by weather / mechanical means [INFER] int5: a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited [BECAUSE] sedimentary rocks are formed in layers [AND] sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition [INFER] int6: sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited in layers