ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which statement explains why light from the Sun can warm up water in a glass?
Answer: Water absorbs light energy.
Hypothesis: the glass of water will heat
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy sent2: a glass of water is in the sunlight sent3: sunlight is a kind of light sent4: a glass is a kind of object sent5: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent6: a glass contains water sent7: water is a kind of substance sent8: solar energy is a kind of light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sunlight is a kind of light [AND] solar energy is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight is a kind of solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [INFER] int2: absorbing solar energy causes objects to heat [BECAUSE] a glass is a kind of object [AND] a glass contains water [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: a glass of water is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if an object / something is in the sunlight then that object / that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a glass of water is in the sunlight [INFER] int4: the glass of water will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the glass of water will heat
Question: A student places a sheet of black construction paper on her desk. What happens to most of the light that strikes the black construction paper?
Answer: The light is absorbed by the paper.
Hypothesis: a black sheet of construction paper will absorb the most amount of sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: a sheet of construction paper is a kind of object sent2: black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sheet of construction paper is a kind of object [AND] black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight [INFER] int1: a black sheet of construction paper will absorb the most amount of sunlight
Question: When placed in direct sunlight, which object will absorb the most visible light energy?
Answer: a black sweater
Hypothesis: a black sweater will absorb all visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: a sweater is a kind of article of clothing sent2: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat sent3: an article of clothing is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sweater is a kind of article of clothing [AND] an article of clothing is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a sweater is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light / heat [INFER] int2: a black sweater will absorb all visible light
Question: Why is it better to wear a white T-shirt than a dark blue T-shirt in the summer?
Answer: Light-colored clothes reflect more sunlight than dark-colored clothes.
Hypothesis: the white t-shirt is likely to be cooler than dark blue t-shirt
Supporting facts: sent1: as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase sent2: blue is a kind of color sent3: there is a white t-shirt sent4: if an object reflects more sunlight, than the object is more likely to stay cool sent5: there is a dark blue t-shirt sent6: t-shirt is a kind of object sent7: white is light in color sent8: dark means dark in color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue is a kind of color [AND] dark means dark in color [INFER] int1: dark blue is dark in color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase [AND] white is light in color [INFER] int2: white colored object will reflect more light than the dark blue object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] there is a white t-shirt [AND] there is a dark blue t-shirt [AND] t-shirt is a kind of object [INFER] int3: the white t-shirt will reflect more light than the dark blue t-shirt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if an object reflects more sunlight, than the object is more likely to stay cool [INFER] int4: the white t-shirt is likely to be cooler than dark blue t-shirt
Question: Many leaves appear green because the leaves
Answer: reflect green light.
Hypothesis: leaves reflect green color
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf is often green in color sent2: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent3: a leaf is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is often green in color [AND] a leaf is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a leaf is a green object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color [INFER] int2: leaves reflect green color
Question: Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most?
Answer: ultraviolet
Hypothesis: ultraviolet radiation is harmful to human skin
Supporting facts: sent1: ionizing radiation is harmful to human skin sent2: ultraviolet radiation is ionizing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] ionizing radiation is harmful to human skin [AND] ultraviolet radiation is ionizing [INFER] int1: ultraviolet radiation is harmful to human skin
Question: Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by
Answer: wavelength and frequency.
Hypothesis: light is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength and frequency
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnetic radiation is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength / frequency sent2: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electromagnetic radiation is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength / frequency [AND] light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation [INFER] int1: light is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength and frequency
Question: Visible light is which type of wave?
Answer: electromagnetic
Hypothesis: visible light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Supporting facts: sent1: visible light is a kind of light sent2: light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] visible light is a kind of light [AND] light is a kind of electromagnetic wave [INFER] int1: visible light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Question: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans sense without using equipment or technology?
Answer: visible light
Hypothesis: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen without using equipment
Supporting facts: sent1: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent2: visible light can be seen without using equipment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum [AND] visible light can be seen without using equipment [INFER] int1: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen without using equipment
Question: The range of all forms of radiant energy is called the
Answer: electromagnetic spectrum.
Hypothesis: all ranges of forms of radient energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum
Supporting facts: sent1: a frequency of radient energy means a form of radient energy sent2: all ranges of frequencies of radiant energy is called electromagnetic spectrum
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a frequency of radient energy means a form of radient energy [AND] all ranges of frequencies of radiant energy is called electromagnetic spectrum [INFER] int1: all ranges of forms of radient energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum
Question: Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light?
Answer: speed and frequency
Hypothesis: speed and frequency can be used to describe the properties of a light wave and a particle of light
Supporting facts: sent1: a particle of light is a kind of object sent2: speed is a property of a wave or an object sent3: light is a kind of wave sent4: frequency is a property of a wave / a particle of light / an event
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a particle of light is a kind of object [AND] speed is a property of a wave or an object [AND] light is a kind of wave [INFER] int1: speed is a property of the light wave and a particle of light [BECAUSE] light is a kind of wave [AND] frequency is a property of a wave / a particle of light / an event [INFER] int2: frequency is a property of the light wave and a particle of light [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: speed and frequency can be used to describe the properties of a light wave and a particle of light
Question: A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because
Answer: light energy can be reflected from one object to another
Hypothesis: if the mirror reflects light toward another girl's eye, then the other girl will see the light
Supporting facts: sent1: a mirror reflects light sent2: a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror sent3: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent4: a flashlight emits light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror [AND] a flashlight emits light [INFER] int1: when a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror, light will shine on the mirror [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a mirror reflects light [INFER] int2: when a girl shines a flashlight on a mirror, the light will be reflected by the mirror [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [INFER] int3: if the mirror reflects light toward another girl's eye, then the other girl will see the light
Question: Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
Answer: white
Hypothesis: a white colored shirt will reflect all visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: white is a kind of color sent2: if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light sent3: a shirt is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] white is a kind of color [AND] a shirt is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a white shirt is white in color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is white then that object reflects all visible light [INFER] int2: a white colored shirt will reflect all visible light
Question: When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is
Answer: reflected.
Hypothesis: when light wave hits a mirror, the light wave will be reflected
Supporting facts: sent1: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent2: a mirror is a kind of reflective object sent3: light is a kind of wave sent4: when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of wave [AND] when light hits a reflective object , that light bounces off that object [INFER] int1: when light wave hits a reflective object, the light wave bounces off that object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [INFER] int2: when light wave hits a reflective object, the light wave is reflected [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a mirror is a kind of reflective object [INFER] int3: when light wave hits a mirror, the light wave will be reflected
Question: A shiny aluminum screen can be placed on the windshield of a parked car. This screen helps to keep the car cool because it
Answer: reflects the sunlight
Hypothesis: cars with a shiny aluminum screen can stay cool by reflecting the sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent2: a shiny aluminum screen is placed on the car sent3: if an object does not absorb the sunlight, then the object can stay cool sent4: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight sent5: if light is reflected, then the light is not absorbed sent6: cars are parked outside during the day sent7: shiny things reflect light sent8: sunlight is a kind of light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [AND] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [INFER] int1: if something is outside during the day then that something will be heated by absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cars are parked outside during the day [INFER] int2: cars parked outside will be heated by absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int3: cars parked outside will be heated by absorbing light [BECAUSE] a shiny aluminum screen is placed on the car [AND] shiny things reflect light [INFER] int4: a shiny aluminum screen on a car will reflect light away from the car [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [AND] if light is reflected, then the light is not absorbed [INFER] int5: cars with a shiny aluminum screen will reflect the sunlight and not absorb the sunlight [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if an object does not absorb the sunlight, then the object can stay cool [INFER] int6: cars with a shiny aluminum screen can stay cool by reflecting the sunlight
Question: What type of energy travels through the body of a microscope that allows the specimen to be seen by a student?
Answer: light
Hypothesis: the light energy allows the student to see the specimen through the microscope
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent2: seeing requires light sent3: a student can see the specimen through a microscope sent4: light is a kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seeing requires light [AND] light is a kind of energy [INFER] int1: seeing requires light energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else [INFER] int2: light energy allows things to be seen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a student can see the specimen through a microscope [INFER] int3: the light energy allows the student to see the specimen through the microscope
Question: Light sometimes behaves as waves and other times as particles. Which property of light is equally explainable by treating light as either particles or waves?
Answer: reflection of light
Hypothesis: light can be seen as both particles and waves
Supporting facts: sent1: reflection is a kind of property sent2: reflection is when particles bounce off a surface sent3: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent4: reflection is a property of light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reflection is a kind of property [AND] reflection is when particles bounce off a surface [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [INFER] int1: both particles and waves have the property of reflection [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] reflection is a property of light [INFER] int2: light can be seen as both particles and waves
Question: Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?
Answer: objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them
Hypothesis: the object will be seen easier if it reflects more light
Supporting facts: sent1: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent2: if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer [AND] if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen [INFER] int1: the object will be seen easier if it reflects more light
Question: Which of these objects is visible because it reflects light toward the eye?
Answer: shiny metallic balloon
Hypothesis: the shiny metallic balloon is visible because it reflects light
Supporting facts: sent1: light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer sent2: a ballon has a shiny metallic appearance sent3: a balloon is a kind of object sent4: shiny objects reflect light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ballon has a shiny metallic appearance [AND] a balloon is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a shiny metallic balloon is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] shiny objects reflect light [INFER] int2: the shiny metallic balloon is an object that reflects light [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer [INFER] int3: the shiny metallic balloon is visible because it reflects light
Question: Which pair together could cause a rainbow?
Answer: Sunshine and rain
Hypothesis: sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow
Supporting facts: sent1: more water droplets are present in the air after the rain sent2: light refracts when it passes through water droplets sent3: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors sent4: sunlight is a kind of light sent5: refracting light causes light to split into different colors
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] more water droplets are present in the air after the rain [AND] light refracts when it passes through water droplets [INFER] int1: light is more easily to be refracted after the rain [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] refracting light causes light to split into different colors [INFER] int2: light is more easily to be split into different colors after the rain [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors [INFER] int3: a rainbow is more easily to be formed after the rain through light refraction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int4: sunlight and rain can cause a rainbow
Question: Which process causes light to bend and form a rainbow?
Answer: refraction
Hypothesis: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors
Supporting facts: sent1: refraction is when light bends sent2: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent3: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refraction is when light bends [AND] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [INFER] int1: refraction is when light bends and is split into lights of different color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light [INFER] int2: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors
Question: White light can be separated into all of its component colors by
Answer: passing the light through a prism.
Hypothesis: a prism can refract white light and split the light into all colors of visible light
Supporting facts: sent1: a prism refracts light sent2: white light is made of all colors of visible light combined sent3: refracting sunlight / light causes sunlight / light to split into different colors
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prism refracts light [AND] refracting sunlight / light causes sunlight / light to split into different colors [INFER] int1: a prism can refract light and split the light into different colors [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] white light is made of all colors of visible light combined [INFER] int2: a prism can refract white light and split the light into all colors of visible light
Question: Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible?
Answer: Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.
Hypothesis: the refraction of sunlight into all different colors forms a rainbow
Supporting facts: sent1: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors sent2: sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors [AND] sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow [INFER] int1: the refraction of sunlight into all different colors forms a rainbow
Question: What takes place as a light wave enters a denser medium?
Answer: it is refracted
Hypothesis: the light is refracted when it enters another denser medium
Supporting facts: sent1: a light wave enters a denser medium sent2: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent3: if a medium is denser , then the medium will be another medium
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light wave enters a denser medium [AND] if a medium is denser , then the medium will be another medium [INFER] int1: the light wave enters another densesr medium [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium [INFER] int2: the light is refracted when it enters another denser medium
Question: Which object refracts light?
Answer: glass prism
Hypothesis: a glass prism refracts light
Supporting facts: sent1: a prism refracts light sent2: a prism is made of glass
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prism refracts light [AND] a prism is made of glass [INFER] int1: a glass prism refracts light
Question: In clear weather, a bright light can be seen for a long distance. In conditions of heavy fog, the visibility is greatly reduced. Which of the following explains the reduced visibility?
Answer: Light is scattered by water droplets in the air.
Hypothesis: water droplets in the fog scattering light decreases the visibility
Supporting facts: sent1: rain droplets are a kind of water droplets sent2: scattering light decreases visibility sent3: clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets sent4: water droplets scatter light sent5: fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] scattering light decreases visibility [AND] water droplets scatter light [INFER] int1: water droplets scattering light decreases the visibility [BECAUSE] clouds are made of water vapor / rain droplets [AND] fog is a kind of stratus cloud on the ground [INFER] int2: fog is made of rain droplets [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rain droplets are a kind of water droplets [INFER] int3: fog is made of water droplets [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: water droplets in the fog scattering light decreases the visibility
Question: Visible light passes through glass. Other types of electromagnetic radiation are able to pass through other materials in a similar way. Which of the following are used in medical technology because they can pass through some parts of the human body?
Answer: x-rays
Hypothesis: x-rays are used in medical technology
Supporting facts: sent1: x-rays can pass through some parts of the body sent2: the medical industry uses medical technology sent3: doctors sometimes need an image of inside the body to diagnose sent4: doctors belong to the medical industry
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] x-rays can pass through some parts of the body [AND] doctors sometimes need an image of inside the body to diagnose [INFER] int1: x-rays can be used by the doctors to see inside of the body [BECAUSE] the medical industry uses medical technology [AND] doctors belong to the medical industry [INFER] int2: doctors use medical technology [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: x-rays are used in medical technology
Question: Sandy and Keith plan to move a 6-kilogram block. If they wanted to calculate the mechanical energy required to move the block, what units would they use to report their answer?
Answer: joules
Hypothesis: the mechanical energy used to move something by animals is measured in joules
Supporting facts: sent1: mechanical energy is used to move something by animals sent2: joules j are an si unit used for measuring mechanical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mechanical energy is used to move something by animals [AND] joules j are an si unit used for measuring mechanical energy [INFER] int1: the mechanical energy used to move something by animals is measured in joules
Question: Which is an example of kinetic energy?
Answer: a ball rolling down a hill
Hypothesis: a ball rolling is an example of kinetic energy
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion sent2: a ball is a kind of object sent3: rolling is a kind of motion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ball is a kind of object [AND] rolling is a kind of motion [INFER] int1: a ball rolling is an example of object in motion [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of an object with kinetic energy is an object in motion [INFER] int2: a ball rolling is an example of kinetic energy