ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: How is a moth's life cycle most different from an insect that goes through incomplete metamorphosis?
Answer: It creates a cocoon.
Hypothesis: a moth builds a cocoon
Supporting facts: sent1: the cocoons being created occurs during the the pupa stage in a life cycle sent2: incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa sent3: the life cycle of a moth is different from other insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cocoons being created occurs during the the pupa stage in a life cycle [AND] incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa [INFER] int1: most insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis do not build a cocoon [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the life cycle of a moth is different from other insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis [INFER] int2: a moth builds a cocoon
Question: A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
Answer: metamorphosis.
Hypothesis: an example of metamorphosis is a caterpillar changes from a caterpillar into a butterfly
Supporting facts: sent1: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent2: a caterpillar is kind of a young butterfly sent3: the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar sent4: the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly sent5: a butterfly is a kind of insect
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a caterpillar is kind of a young butterfly [AND] a butterfly is a kind of insect [INFER] int1: a caterpillar is a kind of insect [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form [INFER] int2: an example of metamorphosis is when a caterpillar changes from an immature form to an adult form [BECAUSE] the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar [AND] the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly [INFER] int3: a caterpillar is the immature form of a butterfly and a butterfly is the adult form of a caterpillar [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: an example of metamorphosis is a caterpillar changes from a caterpillar into a butterfly
Question: During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly?
Answer: metamorphosis
Hypothesis: metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from caterpillar to a butterfly
Supporting facts: sent1: the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar sent2: a butterfly is a kind of insect sent3: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent4: the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a butterfly is a kind of insect [AND] metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form [INFER] int1: metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from an immature form to an adult form [BECAUSE] the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar [AND] the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly [INFER] int2: the adult form of a caterpillar is a butterfly and the immature form of a butterfly is a caterpillar [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from caterpillar to a butterfly
Question: During which stage of an insect's life cycle does the female lay eggs?
Answer: adult
Hypothesis: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle
Supporting facts: sent1: adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process sent2: reproduction occurs during adulthood sent3: a female insect lays eggs sent4: an example of reproduction is laying eggs
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reproduction occurs during adulthood [AND] an example of reproduction is laying eggs [INFER] int1: laying eggs occurs during adulthood [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process [INFER] int2: laying eggs occurs during the adult stage in the life cycle [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a female insect lays eggs [INFER] int3: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle
Question: Which animal develops inside its mother before it is born alive?
Answer: Cat
Hypothesis: a cat develops inside its mother
Supporting facts: sent1: live birth means developing inside the mother instead of an egg sent2: to give birth to live young means to undergo live birth sent3: a cat is a kind of mammal sent4: mammals give birth to live young
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cat is a kind of mammal [AND] mammals give birth to live young [INFER] int1: a cat gives birth to live young [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to give birth to live young means to undergo live birth [INFER] int2: a cat undergoes live birth [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] live birth means developing inside the mother instead of an egg [INFER] int3: a cat develops inside its mother
Question: Which process causes the leaves of a plant to become larger?
Answer: growth
Hypothesis: growth causes leaves to become larger
Supporting facts: sent1: larger means increased size sent2: leaves undergo growth sent3: growth means size increases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] larger means increased size [AND] growth means size increases [INFER] int1: things that grow become larger [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] leaves undergo growth [INFER] int2: growth causes leaves to become larger
Question: The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from
Answer: food
Hypothesis: humans require energy from food for growth and repair
Supporting facts: sent1: an organism requires energy for growth and repair sent2: nutrients are a source of energy for living things sent3: a human is a kind of organism sent4: a human is a kind of living thing sent5: food contains nutrients
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an organism requires energy for growth and repair [AND] a human is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: a human requires energy for growth and repair [BECAUSE] nutrients are a source of energy for living things [AND] food contains nutrients [INFER] int2: food is a source of energy for living things [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a human is a kind of living thing [INFER] int3: food is a source of energy for humans [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: humans require energy from food for growth and repair
Question: Animals get energy for growth and repair from
Answer: food
Hypothesis: eating food is used to get energy by living things
Supporting facts: sent1: a living thing requires energy to grow and heal sent2: food contains nutrients for living things sent3: living things eat their food source sent4: nutrients are a source of energy for living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients for living things [AND] nutrients are a source of energy for living things [INFER] int1: food is a source of energy for living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a living thing requires energy to grow and heal [INFER] int2: a living thing requires food to get energy to grow and heal [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int3: eating food is used to get energy by living things
Question: Animals use resources in the environment to survive. Which of the following resources does an animal use for energy?
Answer: food
Hypothesis: food is a source of energy for animals
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal is a kind of living thing sent2: food contains nutrients for living things sent3: nutrients are a source of energy for living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients for living things [AND] nutrients are a source of energy for living things [INFER] int1: food is a source of energy for living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: food is a source of energy for animals
Question: Which conclusion is best supported by a tree-growth ring that is much narrower than the other growth rings?
Answer: One year was unusually dry.
Hypothesis: a narrow tree-growth ring indicates a dry year
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower sent2: if something causes something else then the result of that something else indicate the properties of that something sent3: width is a property of size / shape and includes ordered values of narrow / wide sent4: dry environments result in narrow tree-growth rings sent5: a tree growing a tree-growth ring occurs once per year
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the amount of available water decreases , tree-growth rings will become narrower [AND] width is a property of size / shape and includes ordered values of narrow / wide [INFER] int1: as the amount of available water decreases, the width of tree-growth rings becomes narrower [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else then the result of that something else indicate the properties of that something [INFER] int2: the width of a tree-growth ring indicates the amount of available water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a tree growing a tree-growth ring occurs once per year [INFER] int3: the width of tree-growth rings indicate the amount of water available during the year they were formed [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] dry environments result in narrow tree-growth rings [INFER] int4: a narrow tree-growth ring indicates a dry year
Question: Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert?
Answer: conserving water
Hypothesis: living things in a desert environment must conserve water to survive
Supporting facts: sent1: living things require water for survival sent2: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent3: water is a kind of natural resource sent4: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources sent5: a desert environment is a dry environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] living things require water for survival [AND] water is a kind of natural resource [INFER] int1: water is a kind of resource that living things require for survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources [INFER] int2: when the availability of water decreases in an environment, living things in that environment must conserve water to survive [BECAUSE] a dry environment is low in availability of water [AND] a desert environment is a dry environment [INFER] int3: a desert environment is low in availability of water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: living things in a desert environment must conserve water to survive
Question: Which adaptive feature most helps a baby jaguar survive the first few weeks of life?
Answer: being born during spring months
Hypothesis: being born in the spring has a positive impact on an animal's survival
Supporting facts: sent1: spring has warm temperatures / weather sent2: an animal being born when temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal 's survival sent3: spring increases the amount of available food in an environment sent4: an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal being born when temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal 's survival [AND] an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's survival [INFER] int1: an animal being born when food is available and temperatures are warm has a positive impact on that animal's survival [BECAUSE] spring has warm temperatures / weather [AND] spring increases the amount of available food in an environment [INFER] int2: spring has warm temperatures and an increased availability of food in an environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: being born in the spring has a positive impact on an animal's survival
Question: The yellow-throated longclaw is a bird that lives on the dry savanna of Africa. It looks almost exactly like another bird, the western meadowlark of North America. Although the birds look very similar, they are not even in the same taxonomic family. Scientists think the birds look alike because the two species developed under similar environmental pressures, even though they developed thousands of miles apart. Which process does their development demonstrate?
Answer: convergent evolution
Hypothesis: an example of convergent evolution is two birds from different taxonomic families developing in separate environments under similar environmental pressures
Supporting facts: sent1: convergent evolution is when two species in different taxonomic families develop in different places under similar environmental pressures sent2: if two things are thousands of miles apart then those two things are separate from each other sent3: the opposite of the same is different sent4: two birds are not in the same taxonomic family sent5: a bird is a kind of organism sent6: two birds live in environments with similar characteristics sent7: two birds developed thousands of miles apart sent8: a species is a group of a certain kind of organism sent9: environments with similar characteristics place similar environmental pressures on the organisms in them
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the opposite of the same is different [AND] two birds are not in the same taxonomic family [INFER] int1: two birds are in different taxonomic families [BECAUSE] two birds live in environments with similar characteristics [AND] environments with similar characteristics place similar environmental pressures on the organisms in them [INFER] int2: two birds developed under similar environmental pressures [BECAUSE] if two things are thousands of miles apart then those two things are separate from each other [AND] two birds developed thousands of miles apart [INFER] int3: two birds developed separate from each other [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: two birds developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: two birds from different taxonomic families developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures [BECAUSE] a bird is a kind of organism [AND] a species is a group of a certain kind of organism [INFER] int6: a species can be a group of a certain kind of bird [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] convergent evolution is when two species in different taxonomic families develop in different places under similar environmental pressures [INFER] int7: convergent evolution can be when two kinds of birds in different taxonomic families develop in different places under similar environmental pressures [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: an example of convergent evolution is two birds from different taxonomic families developing in separate environments under similar environmental pressures
Question: Which animal is preparing for a seasonal change in the environment?
Answer: a squirrel storing nuts
Hypothesis: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an squirrel storing nuts for the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: seasons cause change to the environment sent2: usually plants die or become dormant during the winter sent3: eating food is used to get nutrients by animals sent4: if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter sent5: plants are a source of food for animals sent6: an animal requires enough nutrients to survive sent7: a squirrel is a kind of animal sent8: nut is a kind of food sent9: winter is a kind of season sent10: an example of preparing is storing something for use later
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seasons cause change to the environment [AND] winter is a kind of season [INFER] int1: the winter season can cause change to the environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] usually plants die or become dormant during the winter [INFER] int2: an example of a seasonal change is plants dying or becoming dormant in the winter [BECAUSE] eating food is used to get nutrients by animals [AND] an animal requires enough nutrients to survive [INFER] int3: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plants are a source of food for animals [INFER] int4: an animal can eat plants for nutrients [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an example of seasonal change is some animals' food dying in the winter [BECAUSE] an example of preparing is storing something for use later [AND] if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter [INFER] int6: an example of preparing is an animal storing food to last through the winter [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an animal storing food for the winter [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a squirrel is a kind of animal [INFER] int8: an example of preparing for seasonal change is a squirrel storing food for the winter [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] nut is a kind of food [INFER] int9: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an squirrel storing nuts for the winter
Question: Which best explains why some reptiles and amphibians lay an abundance of eggs?
Answer: It increases the chance of some eggs surviving to hatch.
Hypothesis: as the number of eggs laid by an animal increases , the number of eggs that will hatch will increase
Supporting facts: sent1: some animals have offspring by laying eggs sent2: as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase sent3: offspring are a kind of group of organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as number of organisms in a group increases , the chance of survival of each organism will increase [AND] offspring are a kind of group of organisms [INFER] int1: as the number of offspring an animal has increases , the number of offspring surviving will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] some animals have offspring by laying eggs [INFER] int2: as the number of eggs laid by an animal increases , the number of eggs that will hatch will increase
Question: Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?
Answer: A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.
Hypothesis: howling is used by wolves to establish a territory
Supporting facts: sent1: howling is a kind of sound sent2: sound can be used for communication by animals sent3: animals usually keep away from danger or problems sent4: warning can be used to indicate danger or problems sent5: a wolf is a kind of animal sent6: a warning is used to warn animals sent7: warning is a kind of communication sent8: establishing a territory requires keeping other animals away
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wolf is a kind of animal [AND] establishing a territory requires keeping other animals away [INFER] int1: establishing a territory can require keeping other wolves away [BECAUSE] howling is a kind of sound [AND] sound can be used for communication by animals [INFER] int2: howling is used for communication by animals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: howling can be used for communication by wolves [BECAUSE] a wolf is a kind of animal [AND] a warning is used to warn animals [INFER] int4: a warning can be used to warn wolves [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] warning is a kind of communication [INFER] int5: warning is a kind of communication that can be used to warn wolves [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: howling is used to warn other wolves by wolves [BECAUSE] animals usually keep away from danger or problems [AND] warning can be used to indicate danger or problems [INFER] int7: warning can be used to keep animals away [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a wolf is a kind of animal [INFER] int8: warning can be used to keep wolves away [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: howling is used by wolves to keep other wolves away [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: howling is used by wolves to establish a territory
Question: Many birds fly south for the winter. This adaptation is called
Answer: migration
Hypothesis: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal requires warmth for survival sent2: birds fly south for the winter sent3: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter sent4: winter means environmental temperature decreases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal requires warmth for survival [AND] winter means environmental temperature decreases [INFER] int1: animals must move to a warmer environment in the winter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int2: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Question: Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of
Answer: migration
Hypothesis: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: winter has cold temperatures sent2: temperature is a property of the environment sent3: birds fly south for the winter sent4: an animal requires warmth for survival sent5: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter has cold temperatures [AND] temperature is a property of the environment [INFER] int1: winter means cold environmental temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int2: animals must move to a warmer environment during the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int4: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter
Question: Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
Answer: a bird migrating south
Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation is birds migrating south in the winter
Supporting facts: sent1: climate means the average temperature / weather in an area sent2: migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter sent3: an animal requires warmth for survival sent4: some birds fly south for the winter sent5: winter has cold temperatures / weather sent6: migration is a kind of adaptation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] climate means the average temperature / weather in an area [AND] winter has cold temperatures / weather [INFER] int1: winter can cause the climate in an area to become cold [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int2: some animals must move to warmer climates in the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter [INFER] int3: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] some birds fly south for the winter [INFER] int4: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] migration is a kind of adaptation [INFER] int5: an example of an adaptation is birds migrating south in the winter
Question: Amanda is learning about different adaptations of animals. Which is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
Answer: migration of songbirds
Hypothesis: migration is a kind of behavioral adaptation
Supporting facts: sent1: an instinctive behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation sent2: migrating is an instinctive behavior
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an instinctive behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation [AND] migrating is an instinctive behavior [INFER] int1: migration is a kind of behavioral adaptation
Question: Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
Answer: migration of birds
Hypothesis: migration is a kind of behavioral adaptation
Supporting facts: sent1: an instinctive behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation sent2: migrating is an instinctive behavior
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an instinctive behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation [AND] migrating is an instinctive behavior [INFER] int1: migration is a kind of behavioral adaptation