ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?
Answer: popping popcorn
Hypothesis: popping popcorn will cause a different substance with different chemical properties to form
Supporting facts: sent1: different substances have different chemical properties sent2: a corn is a kind of object sent3: chemical reactions cause different substances to form sent4: popping popcorn requires adding heat to the corns sent5: adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a corn is a kind of object [AND] popping popcorn requires adding heat to the corns [AND] adding heat to an object sometimes causes chemical reactions [INFER] int1: popping popcorn will cause chemical reactions to the corns [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] chemical reactions cause different substances to form [INFER] int2: popping popcorn will cause a different substance to form [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] different substances have different chemical properties [INFER] int3: popping popcorn will cause a different substance with different chemical properties to form
Question: Which results in a chemical change?
Answer: A teacher lights a candle.
Hypothesis: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction sent2: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent3: lighting a candle causes that candle to burn sent4: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lighting a candle causes that candle to burn [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: lighting a candle is using fire to cause the candle to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int3: lighting a candle causes the candle to undergo chemical change
Question: Which action causes a chemical change?
Answer: leaves being burned in a fire
Hypothesis: burning a leaf with fire causes a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent2: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent3: a leaf is a kind of object sent4: fire causes burning on objects
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a kind of object [AND] fire causes burning on objects [INFER] int1: fire can cause a leaf to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: burning a leaf with fire is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int3: burning a leaf with fire causes a chemical change
Question: In making a pizza, which process involves a chemical change?
Answer: baking the dough to form the crust
Hypothesis: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: baking is a kind of cooking sent2: cooking food requires adding heat energy to the food sent3: the dough is baked to form the crust of a pizza sent4: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent5: adding heat to food usually causes chemical reaction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cooking food requires adding heat energy to the food [AND] adding heat to food usually causes chemical reaction [INFER] int1: cooking causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] baking is a kind of cooking [INFER] int2: baking causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the dough is baked to form the crust of a pizza [INFER] int3: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int4: baking the dough to form the crust causes a chemical change
Question: Which is a chemical change?
Answer: Element 3 turns a greenish color as it sits in air.
Hypothesis: a chemical change may occur to element 3
Supporting facts: sent1: element 3 turns to a greenish color sent2: an element is a kind of substance sent3: if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] element 3 turns to a greenish color [AND] an element is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: element 3 turning green is an example of a substance turning green [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the color of a substance changes then a chemical change may have occurred [INFER] int2: a chemical change may occur to element 3
Question: Which is an example of a chemical change?
Answer: a rusting car fender
Hypothesis: a rusting car fender is an example of chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: a car fender is sometimes made of metal sent2: metal rusts sent3: rust forming is a kind of chemical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a car fender is sometimes made of metal [AND] metal rusts [INFER] int1: a car fender might rust [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int2: a rusting car fender is an example of chemical change
Question: Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of science. A baseball strikes the roof of a car and dents it. The paint on the roof begins to crack and chip, exposing the metal. The exposed metal on the roof rusts, eventually causing a small hole in the roof. Which event is a chemical change?
Answer: The exposed metal rusts.
Hypothesis: the metal on the roof of a car rusts
Supporting facts: sent1: metal in contact with water and oxygen will rust sent2: air contains oxygen and water vapor sent3: the metal on the roof of a car is exposed to air sent4: if something is exposed to air, then that something is in contact with air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the metal on the roof of a car is exposed to air [AND] if something is exposed to air, then that something is in contact with air [INFER] int1: the metal on the roof of a car is in contact with air [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] air contains oxygen and water vapor [INFER] int2: the metal on the roof of a car is in contact with oxygen and water vapor [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] metal in contact with water and oxygen will rust [INFER] int3: the metal on the roof of a car rusts
Question: A scientist combines oxygen and hydrogen to form water. This combination illustrates that water is
Answer: a compound.
Hypothesis: water is a kind of compound
Supporting facts: sent1: oxygen is a kind of element sent2: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent3: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen chemically combined sent4: hydrogen is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen is a kind of element [AND] hydrogen is a kind of element [INFER] int1: hydrogen and oxygen are two elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen chemically combined [INFER] int2: water is made of two elements [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [INFER] int3: water is a kind of compound
Question: Two pure substances combine to make a new substance. The new substance cannot be physically separated and has a different boiling point than each of the original substances. This new substance can best be classified as
Answer: a compound.
Hypothesis: the new substance is a compound
Supporting facts: sent1: when two substances together form a compound then those substances cannot be physically separated sent2: the new substance cannot be physically separated
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] when two substances together form a compound then those substances cannot be physically separated [AND] the new substance cannot be physically separated [INFER] int1: the new substance is a compound
Question: The liver converts glucose to glycogen for storage. Why is this function considered a chemical change?
Answer: because the conversion changes one substance to a new one
Hypothesis: a chemical reaction causes the new substance glycogen to form in the conversion
Supporting facts: sent1: a new substance glycogen is produced in the conversion sent2: chemical reactions cause new substances to form
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a new substance glycogen is produced in the conversion [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int1: a chemical reaction causes the new substance glycogen to form in the conversion
Question: Which is an example of a chemical change?
Answer: a nail rusting in water
Hypothesis: nails rusting in water is a kind of chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: iron is a kind of metal sent2: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent3: nails are often made of iron sent4: metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] iron is a kind of metal [AND] nails are often made of iron [INFER] int1: nails are made of metal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metals in contact with water and oxygen will rust [INFER] int2: nails in contact with water and oxygen will rust [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int3: nails rusting in water is a kind of chemical change
Question: Magnesium strips are long, thin strips that are gray and shiny. Which action will lead to a chemical change of magnesium strips?
Answer: burning them with a candle
Hypothesis: burning magnesium with a lit candle will lead to a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: magnesium is a kind of substance sent2: a lit candle is a source of fire sent3: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent4: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent5: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: burning something with fire is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a lit candle is a source of fire [INFER] int2: burning something with a lit candle is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] magnesium is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: burning magnesium with a lit candle is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int4: burning magnesium with a lit candle will lead to a chemical change
Question: Which is a chemical compound?
Answer: sodium chloride
Hypothesis: sodium chloride is a kind of chemical compound
Supporting facts: sent1: sodium is a kind of element sent2: a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined sent3: sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium sent4: chlorine is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sodium is a kind of element [AND] chlorine is a kind of element [INFER] int1: sodium and chlorine are two elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sodium chloride is always made of chemically combined chlorine and sodium [INFER] int2: sodium chloride is made of two elements chemically combined [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined [INFER] int3: sodium chloride is a kind of chemical compound
Question: Which action illustrates a chemical change?
Answer: burning wood chips
Hypothesis: fire burning wood chips causes chemical change to the wood chips
Supporting facts: sent1: wood burns sent2: wood chips are made of wood sent3: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent4: chemical reactions cause chemical change sent5: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wood burns [AND] wood chips are made of wood [INFER] int1: wood chips burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int2: fire causes wood chips to burn [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int3: fire burning wood chips is an example of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int4: fire burning wood chips causes chemical change to the wood chips
Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of all chemical changes?
Answer: A new material is formed.
Hypothesis: chemical changes cause new materials to form
Supporting facts: sent1: chemical reactions cause new materials to form sent2: chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] chemical reactions cause new materials to form [AND] chemical change is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int1: chemical changes cause new materials to form
Question: Which of these describes a chemical change?
Answer: paper burning
Hypothesis: burning paper with fire causes chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent2: paper burns sent3: fire causes burning sent4: chemical reactions cause chemical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] paper burns [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: fire causes paper to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: burning paper with fire is a kind of chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause chemical change [INFER] int3: burning paper with fire causes chemical change
Question: Which fact about water is an example of a chemical property?
Answer: Water can separate into hydrogen and oxygen.
Hypothesis: water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of a chemical property is the elements making up a compound sent2: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen sent3: a compound can be chemically separated into the elements that it is made of sent4: water is a kind of compound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of a chemical property is the elements making up a compound [AND] water is a kind of compound [INFER] int1: an example of chemical property is the elements making up water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [INFER] int2: a chemical property of water is that it is made of hydrogen and oxygen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a compound can be chemically separated into the elements that it is made of [INFER] int3: water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen
Question: Which of these are broken down during chemical, but not physical, changes?
Answer: compounds
Hypothesis: a compound can only be broken down in chemical change but not physcial changes
Supporting facts: sent1: when two substances together form a compound then those substances cannot be physically separated sent2: a compound being broken down is a kind of chemical change sent3: a compound can be chemically separated into the elements that it is made of
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a compound being broken down is a kind of chemical change [AND] a compound can be chemically separated into the elements that it is made of [INFER] int1: a compound can only be separated into the elements by chemical change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] when two substances together form a compound then those substances cannot be physically separated [INFER] int2: a compound can only be broken down in chemical change but not physcial changes
Question: Which is the best example of a pure substance?
Answer: gold
Hypothesis: gold is only made of gold atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: gold is a pure substance sent2: a pure substance is made up of only one kind of atom
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gold is a pure substance [AND] a pure substance is made up of only one kind of atom [INFER] int1: gold is only made of gold atoms
Question: Which activity is an example of a chemical change?
Answer: lighting a match
Hypothesis: lighting a match is an example of chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: lighting a match causes that match to burn sent2: fire causes chemical change sent3: fire causes burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lighting a match causes that match to burn [AND] fire causes burning [INFER] int1: lighting a match is when a fire causes the match to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire causes chemical change [INFER] int2: lighting a match is an example of chemical change
Question: An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces
Answer: chemical changes.
Hypothesis: electrical energy causes chemical change to the water
Supporting facts: sent1: oxygen is produced when electrical energy is added to water sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: electrical energy is added to water sent4: an element is a kind of substance sent5: chemical changes cause different substances to form sent6: hydrogen is produced when electrical energy is added to water sent7: hydrogen is a kind of element sent8: oxygen is a kind of element
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] hydrogen is a kind of element [AND] oxygen is a kind of element [INFER] int1: hydrogen and oxygen are different elements [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an element is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: hydrogen and oxygen are different substances [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: hydrogen, oxygen, and water are different substances [BECAUSE] electrical energy is added to water [AND] hydrogen is produced when electrical energy is added to water [INFER] int4: electrical energy causes hydrogen to form from water [BECAUSE] oxygen is produced when electrical energy is added to water [AND] electrical energy is added to water [INFER] int5: electrical energy causes oxygen to form from water [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: electrical energy causes hydrogen and oxygen to form from water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: electrical energy causes different substances to form from water [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] chemical changes cause different substances to form [INFER] int8: electrical energy causes chemical change to the water
Question: Which of the following causes a chemical change?
Answer: lemon juice added to milk
Hypothesis: adding lemon juice to milk can cause chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: combining acid and protein can cause chemical change sent2: lemon juice contains acid sent3: milk contains proteins
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lemon juice contains acid [AND] milk contains proteins [INFER] int1: adding lemon juice to milk is similar to combining acid and protein together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] combining acid and protein can cause chemical change [INFER] int2: adding lemon juice to milk can cause chemical change
Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) is commonly known as baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that can dissolve in water. Under the proper conditions, sodium bicarbonate can release carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) gas. Which of the following is not a physical property of sodium bicarbonate?
Answer: It releases carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis: releasing carbon dioxide under proper conditions is a kind of chemical property of sodium bicarbonate
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of a chemical property is how a material reacts chemically sent2: carbon dioxide is a new substance produced by sodium bicarbonate under proper conditions sent3: chemical reactions cause new substances to form
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carbon dioxide is a new substance produced by sodium bicarbonate under proper conditions [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int1: sodium bicarbonate releasing carbon dioxide under proper conditions is a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of a chemical property is how a material reacts chemically [INFER] int2: releasing carbon dioxide under proper conditions is a kind of chemical property of sodium bicarbonate
Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?
Answer: flammability
Hypothesis: flammability is a chemical property of matter
Supporting facts: sent1: flammability is a kind of chemical property sent2: flammability is a property of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] flammability is a kind of chemical property [AND] flammability is a property of matter [INFER] int1: flammability is a chemical property of matter
Question: Which features are physical properties of an iron nail?
Answer: conducts heat, magnetic, solid
Hypothesis: iron nails can conduct heat and are magnetic and are solid
Supporting facts: sent1: state of matter is a property of substance includes values of solid / liquid / gas sent2: a thermal energy conductor conducts heat sent3: iron is a kind of solid sent4: metal is a thermal energy conductor sent5: iron is a kind of metal sent6: iron is always magnetic sent7: iron nails are made of iron
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] iron is a kind of solid [AND] iron nails are made of iron [INFER] int1: iron nails are solid [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] state of matter is a property of substance includes values of solid / liquid / gas [INFER] int2: iron nails are solid in state of matter [BECAUSE] iron is a kind of metal [AND] iron nails are made of iron [INFER] int3: iron nails are made of metal [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a thermal energy conductor conducts heat [AND] metal is a thermal energy conductor [INFER] int4: iron nails can conduct heat [BECAUSE] iron is always magnetic [AND] iron nails are made of iron [INFER] int5: iron nails are magnetic [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: iron nails can conduct heat and are magnetic and are solid
Question: Sharpening a pencil and tearing paper are examples of physical changes. Which statement describes why these are physical changes?
Answer: There is a change in the appearance of the objects.
Hypothesis: pencil and paper underwent a physical change
Supporting facts: sent1: paper is a kind of object sent2: a pencil is a kind of object sent3: if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change sent4: tearing paper changes the shape of the paper sent5: shape is a property of the appearance of an object sent6: appearance is a kind of physical property sent7: sharpening a pencil changes the shape of the pencil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pencil is a kind of object [AND] sharpening a pencil changes the shape of the pencil [INFER] int1: sharpening a pencil changes the shape of an object [BECAUSE] paper is a kind of object [AND] tearing paper changes the shape of the paper [INFER] int2: tearing paper changes the shape of an object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: sharpening a pencil and tearing paper both change the shape of the object [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] shape is a property of the appearance of an object [INFER] int4: sharpening a pencil and tearing paper both change the appearance of the object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] appearance is a kind of physical property [INFER] int5: sharpening a pencil and tearing paper both change the physical property of the object [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change [INFER] int6: pencil and paper underwent a physical change
Question: As the molecules of water begin to slow down they go into a phase where they are no longer able to easily move past each other. The water is passing through a phase change and will
Answer: remain a compound.
Hypothesis: water being a compound will remain unchanged
Supporting facts: sent1: a phase change is when a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: the molecules of a substance cannot move easily past each other in solid state sent4: being a compound or an element is a chemical property of substances sent5: an example of a physical change is a phase change sent6: if something undergoes physical change then the chemical properties of that something will remain unchanged sent7: water is a kind of compound sent8: water changes into a phase where the molecules cannot move easily past each other sent9: solid is a kind of state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] the molecules of a substance cannot move easily past each other in solid state [INFER] int1: the molecules of water cannot move easily past each other in solid state [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water changes into a phase where the molecules cannot move easily past each other [INFER] int2: water changes into solid state [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a phase change is when a substance changes from one state of matter into another state of matter [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int3: water undergoes a phase change [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an example of a physical change is a phase change [INFER] int4: water undergoing a phase change is an example of physical change [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something undergoes physical change then the chemical properties of that something will remain unchanged [INFER] int5: the chemical properties of water will remain unchanged [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] being a compound or an element is a chemical property of substances [INFER] int6: water being a compound or an element will remain unchanged [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] water is a kind of compound [INFER] int7: water being a compound will remain unchanged