ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: In Costa Rica a small tree, the acacia, provides shelter and food for ants. The ants protect the acacia by removing other insects and vines that might harm it. Which term best describes the relationship between the acacia and the ants?
Answer: mutualism
Hypothesis: the relationship between the acacia and ants is mutualism
Supporting facts: sent1: the acacia provides shelter and food for ants sent2: the ants protect the acacia by removing other insects and vines that might harm it sent3: an animal requires food sent4: mutualism has a positive impact on both organisms in the relationship sent5: an animal requires shelter sent6: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent7: ants are a kind of animal sent8: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal requires food [AND] an animal requires shelter [AND] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [INFER] int1: shelter and food have positive impact on animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] ants are a kind of animal [INFER] int2: shelter and food have positive impact on ants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the acacia provides shelter and food for ants [INFER] int3: the acacia providing shelter and food has a positive impact on ants [BECAUSE] the ants protect the acacia by removing other insects and vines that might harm it [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health [INFER] int4: the ants protecting the acacia has a positive impact on the acacia [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [AND] mutualism has a positive impact on both organisms in the relationship [INFER] int5: the relationship between the acacia and ants is mutualism
Question: Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may
Answer: compete for food
Hypothesis: if carnivores share the same habitat, then those carnivores may compete for food
Supporting facts: sent1: an ecosystem is a kind of habitat sent2: carnivores are a kind of animal sent3: if two or more carnivores share the same ecosystem then those carnivores may share the same food source sent4: if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carnivores are a kind of animal [AND] if two or more carnivores share the same ecosystem then those carnivores may share the same food source [AND] if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food [INFER] int1: if carnivores share the same ecosystem, then those carnivores may compete for food [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an ecosystem is a kind of habitat [INFER] int2: if carnivores share the same habitat, then those carnivores may compete for food
Question: Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans and microorganisms can be
Answer: beneficial or harmful
Hypothesis: the relationship between human and microorganisms is sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has a negative impact on another thing, then the relationship is harmful sent2: some microorganisms have a positive impact on human body sent3: if something has a positive impact on another thing, then the relationship is benificial sent4: disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] some microorganisms have a positive impact on human body [AND] if something has a positive impact on another thing, then the relationship is benificial [INFER] int1: some microorganisms are benificial to human body [BECAUSE] if something has a negative impact on another thing, then the relationship is harmful [AND] disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body [INFER] int2: some disease-causing microbes are harmful to human body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the relationship between human and microorganisms is sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful
Question: Wolves kill many elk every year and often attack old, sick, and injured members of a herd. Which of the following best describes the role of the wolves in the wolf-elk relationship?
Answer: predator
Hypothesis: wolves are predators to elk
Supporting facts: sent1: an elk is a kind of animal sent2: wolves eat elk sent3: a predator eats other animals for food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an elk is a kind of animal [AND] wolves eat elk [AND] a predator eats other animals for food [INFER] int1: wolves are predators to elk
Question: In a desert environment, cactus wrens often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?
Answer: commensalism
Hypothesis: the relationship between cactus wrens and cholla cacti is commensalism
Supporting facts: sent1: avoiding predators has a positive impact on the organism sent2: commensalism is a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits while not harming the other one sent3: cactus wrens building nests in cholla cacti does not harm the cholla cacti sent4: cactus wrens build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] avoiding predators has a positive impact on the organism [AND] cactus wrens build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators [INFER] int1: cactus wrens building their nests in cholla cacti has a positive impact on themselves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] commensalism is a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits while not harming the other one [AND] cactus wrens building nests in cholla cacti does not harm the cholla cacti [INFER] int2: the relationship between cactus wrens and cholla cacti is commensalism
Question: Which of these is a nonliving thing?
Answer: a river
Hypothesis: a river is a nonliving thing
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent2: a river is a kind of body of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of nonliving thing [AND] a river is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: a river is a nonliving thing
Question: One important difference between living things and nonliving things is that only living things have
Answer: cells
Hypothesis: the difference of living things and nonliving things is that living things are made of cells
Supporting facts: sent1: all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory sent2: nonliving things are not made of cells
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all living things are made of cells according to the cell theory [AND] nonliving things are not made of cells [INFER] int1: the difference of living things and nonliving things is that living things are made of cells
Question: Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see parts of the plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: a part of an object is smaller in size than the whole object sent2: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent3: a cell is a kind of object sent4: a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent5: a cell is very small
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant cell is a kind of cell [AND] a cell is a kind of object [AND] a cell is very small [INFER] int1: a plant cell is a very small object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a part of an object is smaller in size than the whole object [INFER] int2: a part of the plant cell will be smaller than a plant cell [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger [INFER] int3: a microscope can be used to see parts of the plant cell
Question: The first microscopes were built in the 1600s. Microscopes have improved since then, but still perform the same job. How do microscopes most help scientists?
Answer: They make small objects easier to see.
Hypothesis: a microscope can be help make small things easier to see
Supporting facts: sent1: a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent2: as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen more easily
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microscope is used to see small things by scientists by making them appear bigger [AND] as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be seen more easily [INFER] int1: a microscope can be help make small things easier to see
Question: A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?
Answer: an electron microscope.
Hypothesis: an electron microscope can be used to see atoms and molecules by making them appear bigger
Supporting facts: sent1: an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger sent2: an atom is exceptionally small in size sent3: a molecule is exceptionally small in size
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger [AND] an atom is exceptionally small in size [AND] a molecule is exceptionally small in size [INFER] int1: an electron microscope can be used to see atoms and molecules by making them appear bigger
Question: Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see bacteria by making them appear bigger
Supporting facts: sent1: a microscope is used to see microscope things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent2: bacteria is small / microscopic in size
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microscope is used to see microscope things by scientists by making them appear bigger [AND] bacteria is small / microscopic in size [INFER] int1: a microscope can be used to see bacteria by making them appear bigger
Question: Plants in a forest need to obtain nutrients from the soil to survive. How do most of the nutrients get back in the soil once the forest plants have used them for growth?
Answer: Organic matter recycles from dead organisms.
Hypothesis: decompostition is a stage where the nutrients are recycled from dead organisms to the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposers are a kind of organism sent2: decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process sent3: an organism is made of organic matter sent4: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposers are a kind of organism [AND] an organism is made of organic matter [INFER] int1: decomposers are made of organic matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int2: decomposition is when organic matter recycles nutrients from dead organisms to the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] decomposition is a stage in the nutrient recycling process [INFER] int3: decompostition is a stage where the nutrients are recycled from dead organisms to the soil
Question: Which is a learned behavior?
Answer: A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick.
Hypothesis: a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick is a kind of learned behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: a behavior is a kind of characteristic sent2: using tools is a learned characteristic sent3: an example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a behavior is a kind of characteristic [AND] using tools is a learned characteristic [INFER] int1: using tools is a kind of learned behavior [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick [INFER] int2: a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick is a kind of learned behavior
Question: An example of a learned trait is
Answer: being able to read
Hypothesis: being able to read is a kind of learned characteristics
Supporting facts: sent1: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent2: being able to read is a kind of skill
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [AND] being able to read is a kind of skill [INFER] int1: being able to read is a kind of learned characteristics
Question: An example of a learned behavior is
Answer: driving a car
Hypothesis: driving is a kind of learned behaviors
Supporting facts: sent1: driving is a kind of skill for operating a vehicle sent2: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] driving is a kind of skill for operating a vehicle [AND] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [INFER] int1: driving is a kind of learned behaviors
Question: A parent and a child share several characteristics. Both individuals are tall, have curly hair, are good cooks, and have freckles. Which of these characteristics is a learned behavior?
Answer: being a good cook
Hypothesis: cooking is a kind of learned bahaviors
Supporting facts: sent1: skills are learned characteristics / behaviors sent2: cooking is a kind of skill for preparing food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skills are learned characteristics / behaviors [AND] cooking is a kind of skill for preparing food [INFER] int1: cooking is a kind of learned bahaviors
Question: Which is a characteristic of a dog that is most likely a result of its environment?
Answer: its food preference
Hypothesis: the food preference of a dog is affected by its environment
Supporting facts: sent1: a food preference is a kind of preference sent2: learned characteristics are similar to acquired characteristics sent3: an animal is a kind of organism sent4: a dog is a kind of animal sent5: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent6: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a food preference is a kind of preference [AND] preferences are generally learned characteristics [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] learned characteristics are similar to acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: food preference is a kind of acquired characteristics [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: a dog is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics [INFER] int4: the food preference of a dog is affected by its environment
Question: Which characteristic is an example of learned behavior?
Answer: a dog scratching at a door to go out
Hypothesis: a dog scratching at a door to go out is a learned behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: if an animal is trained to do something then that something is a learned behavior sent2: some dogs are trained to scratch at the door when they want to go outside
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an animal is trained to do something then that something is a learned behavior [AND] some dogs are trained to scratch at the door when they want to go outside [INFER] int1: a dog scratching at a door to go out is a learned behavior
Question: Which behavior of a dog is the best example of a learned behavior?
Answer: coming when called
Hypothesis: a dog coming when called is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of following orders is coming when called sent2: following orders is a learned characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of following orders is coming when called [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int1: a dog coming when called is a kind of learned characteristic
Question: Which behavior is a learned behavior?
Answer: eating with a fork
Hypothesis: using a fork to eat is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: a utensil is a kind of tool for eating sent2: using tools is a learned characteristic sent3: a fork is a kind of utensil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a utensil is a kind of tool for eating [AND] a fork is a kind of utensil [INFER] int1: a fork is a kind of tool for eating [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] using tools is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: using a fork to eat is a kind of learned characteristic
Question: Which example describes a learned behavior in a dog?
Answer: sitting on command
Hypothesis: a dog sitting on command is a learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: animals sitting on command is an example of animals following order sent2: a dog is a kind of animal sent3: following orders is a learned characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals sitting on command is an example of animals following order [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a dog sitting on command is an example of a dog following order [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: a dog sitting on command is a learned characteristic
Question: A baby horse will inherit all of these traits from its parents except
Answer: preferred food.
Hypothesis: food preference is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent2: a food preference is a kind of preference sent3: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent4: inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a food preference is a kind of preference [AND] preferences are generally learned characteristics [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics [INFER] int2: learned characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: food preference is not inherited from parents
Question: Which characteristic is not an inherited trait?
Answer: personality
Hypothesis: personality is an acquired characteristic that is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: personality is an acquired characteristic sent2: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics sent3: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: acquired characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] personality is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int2: personality is an acquired characteristic that is not inherited from parents
Question: Genes are unable to determine a person's
Answer: athletic ability.
Hypothesis: genes are unable to determind the atheletic ability of a person
Supporting facts: sent1: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent2: a person is a kind of living thing sent3: atheletic ability is a kind of acquired characteristics sent4: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [AND] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [INFER] int1: genes are unable to determine the acquired characteristics of a living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a person is a kind of living thing [AND] atheletic ability is a kind of acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: genes are unable to determind the atheletic ability of a person
Question: A research scientist repeatedly observes a bird avoiding a specific butterfly species even  though it eats other types of butterflies. Which statement most likely explains the behavior of the bird?
Answer: The behavior is learned over the lifetime of the bird.
Hypothesis: birds learn to avoid a specific kind of butterfly over their lifetime
Supporting facts: sent1: birds avoid a specific kind of butterfly sent2: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent3: birds eat butterflies sent4: a butterfly is a kind of animal sent5: a bird is a kind of animal sent6: a predator avoiding some types of prey is a learned behavior sent7: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent8: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a butterfly is a kind of animal [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: birds and butterflies are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] birds eat butterflies [AND] if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator [INFER] int2: birds are predator to butterflies [BECAUSE] a butterfly is a kind of animal [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: birds and butterflies are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] birds eat butterflies [AND] if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey [INFER] int4: butterflies are prey to birds [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [AND] birds avoid a specific kind of butterfly [INFER] int5: birds avoiding a specific kind of butterfly is an example of a predator avoiding some types of prey [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a predator avoiding some types of prey is a learned behavior [INFER] int6: birds avoiding a specific kind of butterfly is a learned behavior [BECAUSE] learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int7: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of a bird [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: birds learn to avoid a specific kind of butterfly over their lifetime
Question: Traits are transferred from generation to generation through the
Answer: sperm and the egg
Hypothesis: traits are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm
Supporting facts: sent1: in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring sent2: genes are similar to genetic material sent3: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents sent4: genes determine the traits for the living things sent5: in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes are similar to genetic material [AND] sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genes from both parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring [AND] in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring [INFER] int2: genes are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] genes determine the traits for the living things [INFER] int3: traits are passed from a mother and a father to offspring through the egg and sperm
Question: In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of
Answer: genes
Hypothesis: traits can be determined by one or many pairs of genes in human
Supporting facts: sent1: humans are a kind of organism sent2: traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans are a kind of organism [AND] traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism [INFER] int1: traits can be determined by one or many pairs of genes in human