ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following processes is an important part of star formation?
Answer: nuclear fusion
Hypothesis: nuclear fusion is important to star formation
Supporting facts: sent1: the formation of something is a kind of process sent2: nuclear fusion causes star formation sent3: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent4: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the formation of something is a kind of process [AND] nuclear fusion causes star formation [AND] if something causes a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int1: nuclear fusion is required for star formation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something [INFER] int2: nuclear fusion is important to star formation
Question: Which of these stars is most similar to the Sun?
Answer: the main sequence star Alpha Mensae
Hypothesis: the sun and alpha mensae are both main sequence star
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent2: alpha mensae is a kind of main sequence star sent3: a yellow dwarf is a kind of main sequence star
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [AND] a yellow dwarf is a kind of main sequence star [INFER] int1: the sun is a kind of main sequence star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] alpha mensae is a kind of main sequence star [INFER] int2: the sun and alpha mensae are both main sequence star
Question: Compared to the Sun, a red star most likely has a greater
Answer: volume.
Hypothesis: red giant stars are greater in volume than the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: a yellow dwarf is a kind of main-sequence star sent2: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent3: red giant stars are greater in volume than main sequence stars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a yellow dwarf is a kind of main-sequence star [AND] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [INFER] int1: the sun is a kind of main-sequence star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] red giant stars are greater in volume than main sequence stars [INFER] int2: red giant stars are greater in volume than the sun
Question: Most stars are similar to each other in
Answer: composition.
Hypothesis: stars generally have the same chemical composition of hydrogen and helium
Supporting facts: sent1: stars are mostly made of hydrogen and helium sent2: stars generally have the same chemical composition
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] stars are mostly made of hydrogen and helium [AND] stars generally have the same chemical composition [INFER] int1: stars generally have the same chemical composition of hydrogen and helium
Question: What is the most common element in a star such as the Sun?
Answer: hydrogen
Hypothesis: hydrogen is the most common element in the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a kind of star sent2: hydrogen is the most common element in stars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of star [AND] hydrogen is the most common element in stars [INFER] int1: hydrogen is the most common element in the sun
Question: What is the process that produces energy in the Sun for billions of years?
Answer: fusion
Hypothesis: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: nuclear fusion is a kind of process sent2: nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine sent3: the sun is a kind of star
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nuclear fusion is a kind of process [AND] nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine [INFER] int1: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the star [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the sun is a kind of star [INFER] int2: nuclear fusion is the process in a star's core that generates energy for the sun
Question: During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?
Answer: star
Hypothesis: stars will change in temperature, color, and brightness during their life cycles
Supporting facts: sent1: stars change type during their life cycles sent2: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent3: stars can be classified by temperature, color, and brightness
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [AND] stars can be classified by temperature, color, and brightness [INFER] int1: stars with different temperature, color, brightness will be classified into different types [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] stars change type during their life cycles [INFER] int2: stars will change in temperature, color, and brightness during their life cycles
Question: The fusion reaction that fuels the Sun converts hydrogen into
Answer: helium.
Hypothesis: the nuclear fusion in the core of the sun converts hydrogen into helium
Supporting facts: sent1: nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine sent2: nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium sent3: the sun is a kind of star
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nuclear fusion in a star 's core generates energy for stars to burn / shine [AND] the sun is a kind of star [INFER] int1: nuclear fusion in the core of the sun generates energy for the sun [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium [INFER] int2: the nuclear fusion in the core of the sun converts hydrogen into helium
Question: Astronomers have determined the surface temperature of stars by studying their colors. What color emission represents stars with the hottest temperatures?
Answer: blue
Hypothesis: stars that are blue in color are hottest in temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: blue stars are the hottest in temperature sent2: blue is a kind of color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue stars are the hottest in temperature [AND] blue is a kind of color [INFER] int1: stars that are blue in color are hottest in temperature
Question: The pull of gravity on Earth is a direct result of the
Answer: mass of Earth.
Hypothesis: the mass of the earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: earth is a kind of planet sent2: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth is a kind of planet [AND] the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet [INFER] int1: the mass of the earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Question: If a solid object is taken from Earth far into space, which of the following measurements of the object will change most?
Answer: weight
Hypothesis: the weight of the solid object will change
Supporting facts: sent1: a solid object is taken from earth into space sent2: the force of gravity is different in space from the force of gravity on earth sent3: as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a solid object is taken from earth into space [AND] the force of gravity is different in space from the force of gravity on earth [INFER] int1: the force of gravity on the solid object will change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change [INFER] int2: the weight of the solid object will change
Question: An object such as a hammer weighs less on the Moon than on Earth. This is because the Moon has a
Answer: lower mass than Earth.
Hypothesis: a hammer will weigh less on the moon than on earth becasue the moon has less mass than the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens sent2: less is the opposite of more sent3: a hammer is a kind of object sent4: the earth has more mass than the moon sent5: as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens [AND] as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease [INFER] int1: as the mass of a celestial object decreases, the weight of an object on that celestial object will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the earth has more mass than the moon [INFER] int2: an object weighs more on earth than on the moon because earth has more mass than the moon [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] less is the opposite of more [INFER] int3: an object will weigh less on the moon than on the earth because the moon has less mass than the earth [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a hammer is a kind of object [INFER] int4: a hammer will weigh less on the moon than on earth becasue the moon has less mass than the earth
Question: Scientists launch a rocket into space for a mission. Once the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of Earth, how will the mass and weight of the rocket be affected?
Answer: The mass will stay the same, but the weight will change.
Hypothesis: the mass of the rocket will stay the same and the weight of the rocket will change after the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth
Supporting facts: sent1: a rocket is a kind of object sent2: the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth sent3: as the force of gravity changes , the mass of the object will stay the same sent4: if an object escapes the gravitational pull of a planet, then the force of gravity on that object will change sent5: earth is a kind of planet sent6: as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rocket is a kind of object [AND] the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth [AND] earth is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: the rocket escaping the gravitational pull of earth is an example of an object escaping the gravitational pull of a planet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object escapes the gravitational pull of a planet, then the force of gravity on that object will change [INFER] int2: the force of gravity on the rocket changes when it escapes the gravitational pull of earth [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the force of gravity changes , the mass of the object will stay the same [INFER] int3: the mass of the rocket will stay the same after the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the force of gravity changes , the weight of the object will change [INFER] int4: the weight of the rocket will change after the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the mass of the rocket will stay the same and the weight of the rocket will change after the rocket escapes the gravitational pull of earth
Question: An object has a weight of 10 kg on the surface of Earth. If the same object were transported to the surface of Mars, the object would have a weight of 3.8 kg. Which best explains why the weight of the object changed when transported from Earth to Mars?
Answer: Gravitational force is greater on Earth than it is on Mars.
Hypothesis: objects will weigh more on earth than on mars because the force of gravity is greater on earth than on mars
Supporting facts: sent1: earth is a kind of planet sent2: mars is a kind of planet sent3: as the force of gravity increases , the weight of objects will increase sent4: earth is greater in mass than mars sent5: as mass of a planet / of a celestial body increases , the force of gravity on that planet will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth is a kind of planet [AND] mars is a kind of planet [AND] earth is greater in mass than mars [INFER] int1: earth is a planet that has a greater mass than the planet mars [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as mass of a planet / of a celestial body increases , the force of gravity on that planet will increase [INFER] int2: the force of gravity on earth will be greater than on mars [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the force of gravity increases , the weight of objects will increase [INFER] int3: objects will weigh more on earth than on mars because the force of gravity is greater on earth than on mars
Question: Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth?
Answer: The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.
Hypothesis: the rocket will weigh less but have the same mass on the moon than on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: the gravitational force of a celestial object does not change the mass of an object on that planet or celestial body sent2: as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens sent3: a rocket is a kind of object sent4: the earth has more mass than the moon sent5: a moon is a kind of celestial object sent6: less is the opposite of more sent7: earth is a kind of celestial object sent8: as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the gravitational force of a celestial object does not change the mass of an object on that planet or celestial body [AND] as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens [INFER] int1: as the mass of celestial object decreases, the mass of the object on the celestial object will stay the same [BECAUSE] as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens [AND] as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease [INFER] int2: as the mass of a celestial object decreases, the weight of an object on that celestial object will decrease [BECAUSE] the earth has more mass than the moon [AND] a moon is a kind of celestial object [AND] earth is a kind of celestial object [INFER] int3: earth as a celestial object has more mass than the moon as a celestial object [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] less is the opposite of more [INFER] int4: the moon as a celestial object has less mass than earth as a celestial object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an object will weigh less but have the same mass on the moon than on earth [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a rocket is a kind of object [INFER] int6: the rocket will weigh less but have the same mass on the moon than on earth
Question: When astronauts walked on the Moon, they used weighted boots to help them walk due to the lower gravitational pull. What difference between Earth and the Moon accounts for the difference in gravity?
Answer: mass
Hypothesis: an astronaut will weigh less on the moon than on earth because the moon has less mass than the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: less is the opposite of more sent2: as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease sent3: an astronaut is a kind of object sent4: as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens sent5: the earth has more mass than the moon
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease [AND] as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens [INFER] int1: as the mass of a celestial object decreases, the weight of an object on that celestial object will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the earth has more mass than the moon [INFER] int2: an object weighs more on earth than on the moon because earth has more mass than the moon [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] less is the opposite of more [INFER] int3: an object will weigh less on the moon than on the earth because the moon has less mass than the earth [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an astronaut is a kind of object [INFER] int4: an astronaut will weigh less on the moon than on earth because the moon has less mass than the earth
Question: For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?
Answer: a telescope and a computer
Hypothesis: a telescope and a computer can be used to getting information about stars and communicate the information
Supporting facts: sent1: a computer is used for communication / finding information sent2: getting information sometimes requires observing / observation sent3: a telescope is used for observing stars by astronomers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] getting information sometimes requires observing / observation [AND] a telescope is used for observing stars by astronomers [INFER] int1: getting information about stars requires using a telescope [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a computer is used for communication / finding information [INFER] int2: a telescope and a computer can be used to getting information about stars and communicate the information
Question: If you wanted to be able to look at the stars, the planets, and the Moon more closely, what should you use?
Answer: Telescope
Hypothesis: detailed observation of planets, stars, and moons requires a telescope
Supporting facts: sent1: a moon is a kind of celestial object / celestial body sent2: detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope sent3: a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body sent4: a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a moon is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [AND] detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope [AND] a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [AND] a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [INFER] int1: detailed observation of planets, stars, and moons requires a telescope
Question: Why are many telescopes used far from cities?
Answer: The light from the cities makes it hard to see stars.
Hypothesis: as distance to a city decreases, the increased light pollution will make using telescope to see stars harder
Supporting facts: sent1: as distance to a city decreases , the amount of light pollution will increase sent2: as light pollution increases , seeing the stars will be harder sent3: a telescope is used for observing stars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as light pollution increases , seeing the stars will be harder [AND] a telescope is used for observing stars [INFER] int1: as light pollution increases, using telescope to see the stars will be harder [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as distance to a city decreases , the amount of light pollution will increase [INFER] int2: as distance to a city decreases, the increased light pollution will make using telescope to see stars harder
Question: Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet?
Answer: looking at the night sky with a telescope
Hypothesis: making discoveries about the sky requires using a telescope to observe the sky
Supporting facts: sent1: making discoveries requires observing sent2: a telescope is used for observing the sky by astronomers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] making discoveries requires observing [AND] a telescope is used for observing the sky by astronomers [INFER] int1: making discoveries about the sky requires using a telescope to observe the sky
Question: What is necessary to use on a telescope in order to photograph solar flares and solar prominences?
Answer: a light filter
Hypothesis: using a telescope to photograph a solar prominence and a solar flare requires a light filter
Supporting facts: sent1: using a telescope to photograph solar events requires a light filter sent2: a solar flare is a kind of solar event sent3: a solar prominence is a kind of solar event
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] using a telescope to photograph solar events requires a light filter [AND] a solar flare is a kind of solar event [AND] a solar prominence is a kind of solar event [INFER] int1: using a telescope to photograph a solar prominence and a solar flare requires a light filter
Question: Which of the following can only be seen with a telescope?
Answer: the moon-like phases of Venus
Hypothesis: a telescope can be used to observe the moon-like phases of venus
Supporting facts: sent1: venus has moon-like phases sent2: a telescope is used for observing planets sent3: venus is a kind of planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a telescope is used for observing planets [AND] venus is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: a telescope can be used for observing venus [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] venus has moon-like phases [INFER] int2: a telescope can be used to observe the moon-like phases of venus
Question: What advantage is gained by using radio telescopes as opposed to optical telescopes?
Answer: ability to see through clouds and dust
Hypothesis: the radio telescopes can still be used when there is clouds or dusts
Supporting facts: sent1: an optical telescope requires visible light for human to use sent2: radio telescopes can see through clouds and dust sent3: clouds / dusts block visible light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an optical telescope requires visible light for human to use [AND] clouds / dusts block visible light [INFER] int1: if there is clouds or dusts, then the optical telescope cannot be used [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] radio telescopes can see through clouds and dust [INFER] int2: the radio telescopes can still be used when there is clouds or dusts
Question: The invention of the telescope allowed which of the following to take place?
Answer: detailed observation of planets
Hypothesis: telescopes allow the detailed observation of planets
Supporting facts: sent1: detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope sent2: if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else sent3: a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope [AND] if something is required for something else then that something allows that something else [INFER] int1: telescopes allow the detailed observation of celestial objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [INFER] int2: telescopes allow the detailed observation of planets
Question: Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?
Answer: one month
Hypothesis: a full moon will occur after 1 month it occurs
Supporting facts: sent1: a moon phase occurs 28 days after the last time it occurred sent2: a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon sent3: 1 month is equal to 28-31 days
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a moon phase occurs 28 days after the last time it occurred [AND] a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon [INFER] int1: a full moon will occur 28 days after the last time it occurs [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] 1 month is equal to 28-31 days [INFER] int2: a full moon will occur after 1 month it occurs
Question: When the lighted half of the Moon faces the Sun and the dark half faces Earth, the phase of the Moon viewed from Earth is called the
Answer: new moon.
Hypothesis: the moon phase where the lighted half of the moon faces the sun and dark half of the moon faces the earth is called new moon
Supporting facts: sent1: the new moon is when the dark half of the moon faces the earth sent2: a new moon is a kind of phase of the moon sent3: the new moon is when the lighted half of the moon faces the sun
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the new moon is when the dark half of the moon faces the earth [AND] a new moon is a kind of phase of the moon [AND] the new moon is when the lighted half of the moon faces the sun [INFER] int1: the moon phase where the lighted half of the moon faces the sun and dark half of the moon faces the earth is called new moon
Question: About how often is a full moon observed from Earth's surface?
Answer: once a month
Hypothesis: a full moon occurs once per month
Supporting facts: sent1: each of the moon 's phases occurs once per month sent2: a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] each of the moon 's phases occurs once per month [AND] a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon [INFER] int1: a full moon occurs once per month