ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which pair of elements has the most similar properties?
Answer: N and P
Hypothesis: n and p will have similar properties
Supporting facts: sent1: nitrogen and phosphorus belongs to nitrogen family , group 15 on the periodic table sent2: elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties sent3: the chemical symbol for nitrogen is n sent4: the chemical symbol for phosphorus is p
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nitrogen and phosphorus belongs to nitrogen family , group 15 on the periodic table [AND] elements in the same group on the periodic table of elements have similar properties [INFER] int1: nitrogen and phosphorus will have similar properties [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the chemical symbol for nitrogen is n [AND] the chemical symbol for phosphorus is p [INFER] int2: n and p will have similar properties
Question: On the periodic table, the elements in group 18 (8A) (helium, neon, argon, etc.) are grouped together because
Answer: they have full outer electron shells.
Hypothesis: elements in group 18 are grouped together because they have similar electron configuration
Supporting facts: sent1: if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements sent2: the outer electron shell is a part of the electron configuration sent3: elements in group 18 have full / complete outer electron shells on the periodic table of elements
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the outer electron shell is a part of the electron configuration [AND] elements in group 18 have full / complete outer electron shells on the periodic table of elements [INFER] int1: elements in group 18 have similar electron configuration [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the elements have similar electron configurations , then the elements will be grouped into same family / group on the periodic table of elements [INFER] int2: elements in group 18 are grouped together because they have similar electron configuration
Question: Which of following is a property shared by the elements in the carbon family?
Answer: the number of valence electrons
Hypothesis: elements in the carbon family share the same number of valence electrons
Supporting facts: sent1: elements in carbon family have four valence electrons sent2: if the elements are in the same family , then the elements will share the same number of valence electrons
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] elements in carbon family have four valence electrons [AND] if the elements are in the same family , then the elements will share the same number of valence electrons [INFER] int1: elements in the carbon family share the same number of valence electrons
Question: Sodium, Na, is in the same group as
Answer: K.
Hypothesis: na and k are in the same group
Supporting facts: sent1: the chemical symbol for potassium is k sent2: sodium and potassium  belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table sent3: the chemical symbol for sodium is na
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the chemical symbol for potassium is k [AND] sodium and potassium  belong to alkali metals , group 1 on the periodic table [AND] the chemical symbol for sodium is na [INFER] int1: na and k are in the same group
Question: According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is
Answer: liquid at room temperature.
Hypothesis: mercury is different from other metals
Supporting facts: sent1: mercury is liquid at room temperature sent2: metals are usually solid at room temperature sent3: mercury is a kind of metal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mercury is liquid at room temperature [AND] mercury is a kind of metal [INFER] int1: mercury is a metal that is liquid at room temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] metals are usually solid at room temperature [INFER] int2: mercury is different from other metals
Question: What happens to water when it boils?
Answer: It changes into water vapor.
Hypothesis: water boiling is when water changes from liquid water to water vapor
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 c and 100 c sent3: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam, for temperatures above 100 c sent4: water is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the liquid state , called liquid water , for temperatures between 0 c and 100 c [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam, for temperatures above 100 c [INFER] int2: water boiling is when water changes from liquid water to water vapor
Question: The boiling of water results in a physical change in matter from
Answer: liquid to gas.
Hypothesis: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of substance sent2: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int1: water boiling is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Question: What is the highest temperature that water can reach in a pot on a stove?
Answer: 100C
Hypothesis: the highest temperature water can reach is 100c
Supporting facts: sent1: the boiling point of water is 100c sent2: water is a kind of liquid sent3: the highest temperature a liquid can reach is it's boiling point
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of liquid [AND] the highest temperature a liquid can reach is it's boiling point [INFER] int1: the highest temperature water can reach is it's boiling point [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the boiling point of water is 100c [INFER] int2: the highest temperature water can reach is 100c
Question: A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?
Answer: The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.
Hypothesis: the water will boil if heat energy absorbed from the pot is increased past the boiling point
Supporting facts: sent1: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot sent2: the pot is exposed to a stove sent3: metal is a thermal energy conductor sent4: a pot is made of metal for cooking sent5: a pot is a kind of object sent6: heating means adding heat sent7: a pot contains water sent8: a stove is a source of heat sent9: boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point sent10: a pot is a kind of container sent11: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent12: if a container contains something then that container touches that something sent13: if an object is hot and it touches something, that something will increase temperature by absorbing heat energy from the object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pot is a kind of container [AND] if a container contains something then that container touches that something [INFER] int1: if a pot contains something then that pot touches that something [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a pot contains water [INFER] int2: the pot is touching the water [BECAUSE] metal is a thermal energy conductor [AND] a pot is made of metal for cooking [INFER] int3: a pot is a thermal energy conductor [BECAUSE] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot [AND] a stove is a source of heat [INFER] int4: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a stove then that conductor may become hot [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: if a pot is exposed to a stove then that pot may become hot [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] the pot is exposed to a stove [INFER] int6: the pot may become hot [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: the hot pot is touching the water [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] if an object is hot and it touches something, that something will increase temperature by absorbing heat energy from the object [AND] a pot is a kind of object [INFER] int8: the water will increase temperature by absorbing heat energy from the pot [BECAUSE] heating means adding heat [AND] boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point [INFER] int9: boiling happens when liquids increase heat energy above their boiling point [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [INFER] int10: boiling happens when water increases heat energy above its boiling point [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int8 [INFER] int11: the water will boil if heat energy absorbed from the pot is increased past the boiling point
Question: What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
Answer: They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.
Hypothesis: the water molecules will move faster and farther apart
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: water is in a boiling process sent4: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster and farther apart sent5: temperature is a measure of heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means matter / a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] water is in a boiling process [INFER] int1: the heat energy of water is increasing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: the temperature of water is increasing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster and farther apart [INFER] int3: the water molecules will move faster and farther apart
Question: What happens at the boiling point of a substance?
Answer: liquid becomes a gas
Hypothesis: the substance will change from liquid to gas when it is heated over its boiling point
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point sent3: a liquid is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] boiling happens when liquids are heated above their boiling point [AND] a liquid is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: the substance will change from liquid to gas when it is heated over its boiling point
Question: In which way are evaporation and condensation similar?
Answer: Both are caused by changes in heat energy.
Hypothesis: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by the change of heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: evaporating is a kind of phase change sent2: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent3: temperature changing can cause phase changes sent4: condensing is a kind of phase change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] evaporating is a kind of phase change [AND] condensing is a kind of phase change [INFER] int1: evaporating and condensing are both phase change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature changing can cause phase changes [INFER] int2: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by temperature changing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: evaporating and condensing can both be caused by the change of heat energy
Question: Which is an example of water condensing?
Answer: Dew forming on plants during a cold night
Hypothesis: dew forming is an example of water vapor condensing
Supporting facts: sent1: water is in the gas state , called water vapor sent2: condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent3: water is a kind of substance sent4: dew is formed when water vapor condenses over night
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] condensing means a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: water condensing means water changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor [INFER] int2: water condensing means water vapor changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] dew is formed when water vapor condenses over night [INFER] int3: dew forming is an example of water vapor condensing
Question: During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?
Answer: condensation
Hypothesis: water will change from water vapor to liquid water in the process of condensing
Supporting facts: sent1: water is in the liquid state , called liquid water sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: condensing means matter / a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy sent4: water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam sent5: condensation is a kind of process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is in the liquid state , called liquid water [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] condensing means matter / a substance changes from a gas into a liquid by decreasing heat energy [AND] water is in the gas state , called water vapor / steam [INFER] int1: water condensing is when water changes from water vapor to liquid water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] condensation is a kind of process [INFER] int2: water will change from water vapor to liquid water in the process of condensing
Question: If left in the sunshine, water in an open jar will
Answer: evaporate.
Hypothesis: the water will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: the water is absorbing sunlight sent2: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent3: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent4: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent5: water is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the water is absorbing sunlight [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: the water will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: the water will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: the water will evaporate
Question: A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely
Answer: decreased
Hypothesis: the volume of water decreased
Supporting facts: sent1: boiling causes the volume of a liquid to decrease sent2: the water was boiled sent3: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] boiling causes the volume of a liquid to decrease [AND] the water was boiled [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [INFER] int1: the volume of water decreased
Question: Which is the best example of evaporation?
Answer: a puddle drying in the sun
Hypothesis: the puddle will evaporate and change from a liquid to a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent2: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent3: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy sent4: a puddle is a kind of body of water sent5: a puddle is in the sunlight sent6: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent7: water is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a puddle is in the sunlight [INFER] int1: the puddle will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [AND] a puddle is a kind of body of water [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: the puddle will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the puddle will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a puddle is a kind of body of water [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int4: the puddle will evaporate and change from a liquid to a gas
Question: A student leaves a bucket of water outside on a warm, sunny day. Which process most likely happens to the water in the bucket?
Answer: evaporation
Hypothesis: the water in the bucket will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy sent2: a bucket of water is in the sunlight sent3: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent4: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent5: water is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy [AND] a bucket of water is in the sunlight [INFER] int1: the water in the bucket will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: the water in the bucket will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: the water in the bucket will evaporate
Question: Which occurs as the kinetic energy of water molecules increases?
Answer: Liquid water becomes water vapor.
Hypothesis: water will change from a liquid into gas
Supporting facts: sent1: as the amount of heat energy of a substance increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase sent2: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent3: the kinetic energy of water molecules are increasing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the amount of heat energy of a substance increases , the amount of kinetic energy will increase [AND] the kinetic energy of water molecules are increasing [INFER] int1: the amount of heat energy of water is increasing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int2: water will change from a liquid into gas
Question: A wet towel will dry when it is left in the Sun. Which process occurs to make this happen?
Answer: evaporation
Hypothesis: the wet towel will dry because the water in the towel evaporates
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of liquid sent2: a wet towel exists sent3: a towel is a kind of object sent4: heating the wet towel will also heat the things it contains sent5: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent6: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent7: a wet towel is a kind of object sent8: drying means the amount of liquid decreases sent9: a wet object contains water sent10: evaporation causes amount of liquid to decrease sent11: heating means increasing heat energy sent12: the wet towel is in the sun sent13: if an object is in the sunlight then that object will absorb solar energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wet towel exists [AND] a towel is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a wet towel is a kind of wet object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a wet object contains water [INFER] int2: a wet towel contains water [BECAUSE] the wet towel is in the sun [AND] if an object is in the sunlight then that object will absorb solar energy [AND] a wet towel is a kind of object [INFER] int3: the wet towel will absorb solar energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [AND] a wet towel is a kind of object [INFER] int4: the wet towel will heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [AND] heating the wet towel will also heat the things it contains [INFER] int5: the water will heat [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] heating means increasing heat energy [INFER] int6: the water will increase heat energy [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] water is a kind of liquid [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int7: the water will evaporate [BECAUSE] evaporation causes amount of liquid to decrease [AND] drying means the amount of liquid decreases [INFER] int8: evaporation causes liquids to dry [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int7 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: the wet towel will dry because the water in the towel evaporates
Question: In the morning, students observed puddles of water all over the playground. What would best explain why the playground was dry in the afternoon?
Answer: The water evaporated during the day.
Hypothesis: the puddles of water will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent3: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight sent4: puddles of water are outside during the day sent5: if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature sent6: water is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [AND] puddles of water are outside during the day [INFER] int1: puddles of water will receive sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature [INFER] int2: the puddles of water will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the puddles of water will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int4: the puddles of water will evaporate
Question: Puddles on a sidewalk are evaporating quickly. What most likely causes the puddles to evaporate?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: the puddles of water will evaporate
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of substance sent2: puddles of water are outside during the day sent3: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent4: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent5: if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature sent6: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] puddles of water are outside during the day [AND] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [INFER] int1: puddles of water will receive sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something receives sunlight, it will increase in temperature [INFER] int2: the puddles of water will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int3: the puddles of water will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] water is a kind of substance [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int4: the puddles of water will evaporate
Question: Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?
Answer: The water changes from one form to another.
Hypothesis: the water in the puddles changes from a state of matter to another state of matter when evaporating
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of substance sent2: gas is a kind of state of matter sent3: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent4: a puddle is a kind of body of water sent5: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int1: water evaporating means water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a puddle is a kind of body of water [INFER] int2: the water in the puddles changes from a liquid to gas when evaporating [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] gas is a kind of state of matter [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int3: the water in the puddles changes from a state of matter to another state of matter when evaporating