ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?
Answer: arteries and veins
Hypothesis: special tissues in plants are similar to arteries and veins in animals
Supporting facts: sent1: transporting nutrients, water, and minerals is a kind of function sent2: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent3: arteries / veins transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body sent4: the body of an animal contains arteries / veins sent5: special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] arteries / veins transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body [AND] the body of an animal contains arteries / veins [INFER] int1: arteries and veins in animals transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant [INFER] int2: arteries and veins in animals and special tissues in plants both transport food / water / minerals trhoughout the body / plant [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] transporting nutrients, water, and minerals is a kind of function [INFER] int3: arteries and veins in animals and special tissues in plants both perform the function of transporting food / water / minerals trhoughout the body / plant [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [INFER] int4: special tissues in plants are similar to arteries and veins in animals
Question: All plants and animals have mechanisms that
Answer: transport nutrients
Hypothesis: all plants and animals contain parts that transport nutrients throughtout the plant / body
Supporting facts: sent1: a stem is often a part of plant sent2: arteries / veins transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body sent3: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent4: the body of an animal contains arteries / veins sent5: special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals to other parts of the plant sent6: a plant stem contains a system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients to other parts of the plant sent7: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent8: arteries / veins are parts of a body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a stem is often a part of plant [AND] a plant stem contains a system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients to other parts of the plant [INFER] int1: some plants use a system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients to other parts of the plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals to other parts of the plant [INFER] int2: plants use special tissues or a system of tubes to transport nutrients / water / minerals to the rest of the plant [BECAUSE] arteries / veins transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body [AND] arteries / veins are parts of a body [INFER] int3: arteries / veins are parts of a body that transport nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the body of an animal contains arteries / veins [INFER] int4: an animal contains a part that transports nutrients / water / minerals to the whole body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: plants and animals both contain parts that transport nutrients throughout the plant / body [BECAUSE] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [AND] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int6: all plants and animals require nutrients to survive / grow [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: all plants and animals contain parts that transport nutrients throughtout the plant / body
Question: In the human body, the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the
Answer: digestive system.
Hypothesis: the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the digestive system
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food sent2: nutrients are simpler than food sent3: a body is a part of a living thing sent4: food contains nutrients for living things sent5: nutrients are a kind of substance sent6: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent7: the digestive system digests food for the body sent8: if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int1: the digestive system breaks down food [BECAUSE] if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [AND] if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else [INFER] int2: if something contains something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the digestive system breaks down food into the substance that it contains [BECAUSE] a body is a part of a living thing [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int4: food contains nutrients for a living thing's body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body [BECAUSE] nutrients are simpler than food [AND] nutrients are a kind of substance [INFER] int6: nutrients are a kind of simple substance [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the digestive system
Question: Which of the following systems breaks food into nutrients that can be used by the body?
Answer: digestive
Hypothesis: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the digestive system digests food for the body sent2: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent3: if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else sent4: digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food sent5: a body is a part of a living thing sent6: food contains nutrients for living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the digestive system digests food for the body [AND] digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food [INFER] int1: the digestive system breaks down food [BECAUSE] if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [AND] if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else [INFER] int2: if something contains something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the digestive system breaks down food into the substances it contains [BECAUSE] a body is a part of a living thing [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int4: food contains nutrients for a living thing's body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body
Question: All animals need food to survive. Immediately after an animal eats food, the food is
Answer: digested into simpler substances
Hypothesis: after food is eaten is it digested into simple substances
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent2: if something causes something else, then that something else occurs after that something sent3: eating food is used to get nutrients by animals sent4: if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else sent5: nutrients are simpler than food sent6: food contains nutrients for living things sent7: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent8: nutrients are a kind of substance sent9: digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [AND] eating food is used to get nutrients by animals [INFER] int1: an animal eating food causes the food to be digested [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else, then that something else occurs after that something [INFER] int2: after food is eaten is it digested [BECAUSE] if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else [AND] if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [INFER] int3: if something contains something else then that something can be broken down into that something else [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food [INFER] int4: when food is digested it is broken down into the things it contains [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int5: when food is digested it is broken down into nutrients [BECAUSE] nutrients are simpler than food [AND] nutrients are a kind of substance [INFER] int6: nutrients are a kind of simple substance [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: when food is digested it is broken down into simple substances [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: after food is eaten is it digested into simple substances
Question: In the human body the digestion of proteins takes place primarily in which two organs?
Answer: Stomach and small intestine
Hypothesis: digestion of proteins occurs in the stomach / small intestine
Supporting facts: sent1: food contains nutrients sent2: the small intestine is a part of the digestive system sent3: the stomach is a part of the digestive system sent4: the digestive system digests food for the body sent5: a protein is a kind of nutrient
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients [AND] a protein is a kind of nutrient [INFER] int1: food contains proteins [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int2: the digestive system digests proteins for the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the small intestine is a part of the digestive system [INFER] int3: a small intestine is a part of a human 's digestive system for the digestion of proteins [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients [AND] a protein is a kind of nutrient [INFER] int4: food contains proteins [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int5: the digestive system digests proteins for the body [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] the stomach is a part of the digestive system [INFER] int6: a stomach is a part of a human 's digestive system for the digestion of proteins [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: digestion of proteins occurs in the stomach / small intestine
Question: Which of these indicates a physical change that occurs during the process of digestion?
Answer: the squeezing of food through the intestines
Hypothesis: an example of a physical change is squeezing food through intestines during digestion
Supporting facts: sent1: the intestines are a part of the digestive system sent2: the digestive system digests food for the body sent3: shape is a kind of physical property sent4: if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change sent5: if an organ digests food then the food must pass through that organ sent6: squeezing an object can cause that object 's shape to change sent7: something can be squeezed through something else in order to help it pass through that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] shape is a kind of physical property [AND] if something undergoes a physical change then the physical properties of that something will change [INFER] int1: an example of a physical change is changing something's shape [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] squeezing an object can cause that object 's shape to change [INFER] int2: an example of a physical change is squeezing something [BECAUSE] the intestines are a part of the digestive system [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int3: the intestines are a part of an animal's digestive system for digesting food [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if an organ digests food then the food must pass through that organ [INFER] int4: during digestion, food passes through the intestines [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] something can be squeezed through something else in order to help it pass through that something else [INFER] int5: during digestion, food is squeezed through the intestines [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an example of a physical change is squeezing food through intestines during digestion
Question: In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of
Answer: regulation
Hypothesis: an example of regulation is insulin being released to control the amount of sugar in blood
Supporting facts: sent1: if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else sent2: an example of regulation is regulating body functions sent3: regulation is when an organism maintains a stable internal environment sent4: hormones regulate body functions sent5: the amount of sugar in blood is a part of an animal 's internal environment sent6: the endocrine system is a source of hormones sent7: insulin is a kind of hormone
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] regulation is when an organism maintains a stable internal environment [AND] the amount of sugar in blood is a part of an animal 's internal environment [INFER] int1: an example of regulation is controlling the amount of sugar in an animal's blood [BECAUSE] if something releases something else then that something is the source of that something else [AND] the endocrine system is a source of hormones [INFER] int2: the endocrine system releases hormones [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] hormones regulate body functions [INFER] int3: hormones are released to regulate body functions [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an example of regulation is regulating body functions [INFER] int4: hormones are released for regulation [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] insulin is a kind of hormone [INFER] int5: insulin can be released for regulation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an example of regulation is insulin being released to control the amount of sugar in blood
Question: What is the major function of the human excretory system?
Answer: eliminate waste materials
Hypothesis: a function of the excretory system is removing waste from the body
Supporting facts: sent1: removing waste is a kind of function sent2: the excretory system performs excretion sent3: excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the excretory system performs excretion [AND] excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body [INFER] int1: the excretory system removes waste from the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] removing waste is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of the excretory system is removing waste from the body
Question: Removing waste from the body is the primary function of which body system?
Answer: excretory
Hypothesis: removing waste from the body is a function of the excretory system
Supporting facts: sent1: excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body sent2: the excretory system performs excretion sent3: removing waste is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body [AND] the excretory system performs excretion [INFER] int1: the excretory system removes waste from the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] removing waste is a kind of function [INFER] int2: removing waste from the body is a function of the excretory system
Question: Which cells help to destroy pathogens such as bacteria that enter the human body?
Answer: white blood cells
Hypothesis: white blood cell destroys pathogens in the body
Supporting facts: sent1: destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something sent2: the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body sent3: white blood cells are a part of the immune system sent4: a kind of cell helps destroy pathogens sent5: bacteria is a kind of pathogen sometimes sent6: white blood cells are a kind of cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something [AND] the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body [INFER] int1: the immune system destroys bacteria once they have invaded the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] bacteria is a kind of pathogen sometimes [INFER] int2: the immune system destroys pathogens that have invaded the body [BECAUSE] white blood cells are a part of the immune system [AND] white blood cells are a kind of cell [INFER] int3: white blood cells are a kind of cell that are part of the immune system [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: white blood cells are a kind of cell that is a part of the immune system which destroys pathogens that have invaded the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a kind of cell helps destroy pathogens [INFER] int5: white blood cell destroys pathogens in the body
Question: What is a job of white blood cells?
Answer: fight disease
Hypothesis: white blood cells attack disease in the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the immune system attacks bacteria once they have invaded the body sent2: white blood cells are a part of the immune system sent3: pathogens can cause disease sent4: bacteria is a kind of pathogen sometimes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the immune system attacks bacteria once they have invaded the body [AND] bacteria is a kind of pathogen sometimes [INFER] int1: the immune system attacks pathogens in the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] white blood cells are a part of the immune system [INFER] int2: white blood cell attacks pathogens in the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] pathogens can cause disease [INFER] int3: white blood cells attack disease in the body
Question: Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?
Answer: immune
Hypothesis: sneezing is caused by the immune system
Supporting facts: sent1: if a process is used by something then that something causes that process sent2: sneezing is used for getting rid of bacteria / viruses by the body sent3: the immune system gets rid of bacteria / viruses once they have invaded the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sneezing is used for getting rid of bacteria / viruses by the body [AND] the immune system gets rid of bacteria / viruses once they have invaded the body [INFER] int1: sneezing is used by the immune system to get rid of bacteria and viruses in the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a process is used by something then that something causes that process [INFER] int2: sneezing is caused by the immune system
Question: In the human body, which system functions primarily to defend the body against disease?
Answer: immune
Hypothesis: the immune system defends the body against disease
Supporting facts: sent1: viruses can cause disease sent2: bacteria sometimes cause disease sent3: the immune system attacks bacteria / viruses once they have invaded the body sent4: attacking something is a kind of method for defending against something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the immune system attacks bacteria / viruses once they have invaded the body [AND] attacking something is a kind of method for defending against something [INFER] int1: the immune system defends the body against bacteria and viruses [BECAUSE] viruses can cause disease [AND] bacteria sometimes cause disease [INFER] int2: bacteria and viruses can cause disease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the immune system defends the body against disease
Question: The main function of a duck's webbed feet is to help the duck
Answer: swim in water
Hypothesis: the function of webbed feet is to help aquatic animals swim
Supporting facts: sent1: swimming is when animals can move in water sent2: moving something is a kind of function sent3: moving faster is a kind of method for moving better sent4: webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals sent5: helping means something can be done better
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moving something is a kind of function [AND] webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals [INFER] int1: the function of webbed feet is to move aquatic animals through water faster [BECAUSE] moving faster is a kind of method for moving better [AND] helping means something can be done better [INFER] int2: helping something move can mean causing something to move faster [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the function of webbed feet is to help aquatic animals move through water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] swimming is when animals can move in water [INFER] int4: the function of webbed feet is to help aquatic animals swim
Question: Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?
Answer: A sea turtle's flippers
Hypothesis: flippers can help sea turtles move in their habitat
Supporting facts: sent1: flippers are a part of a sea turtle sent2: flippers are used for moving in water sent3: where an animal lives is that animal's habitat sent4: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent5: if something is used for a process, then that something helps that process sent6: a sea turtle lives in the ocean
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] flippers are used for moving in water [AND] an ocean is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: flippers can be used for moving in the ocean [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] flippers are a part of a sea turtle [INFER] int2: flippers can be used by sea turtles for moving in the ocean [BECAUSE] where an animal lives is that animal's habitat [AND] a sea turtle lives in the ocean [INFER] int3: the ocean is a sea turtle's habitat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: flippers can be used by sea turtles for moving in their habitat [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something is used for a process, then that something helps that process [INFER] int5: flippers can help sea turtles move in their habitat
Question: A squid is an animal that lives in the ocean. It pumps a stream of water out of its body, causing it to move rapidly. Which of the following mechanical systems moves in a way most similar to the squid?
Answer: a rocket
Hypothesis: a squid is similar to a rocket engine
Supporting facts: sent1: producing thrust causes an animal to move sent2: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent3: a squid produces a stream of water out of its body that causes it to move sent4: a rocket engine is used to produce thrust by pushing gases out at a high speed sent5: producing something is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] producing thrust causes an animal to move [AND] a squid produces a stream of water out of its body that causes it to move [INFER] int1: a squid produces thrust by pushing water out of its body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a rocket engine is used to produce thrust by pushing gases out at a high speed [INFER] int2: a squid and a rocket engine both produce thrust [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] producing something is a kind of function [INFER] int3: a squid and a rocket engine both perform the function of producing thrust [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [INFER] int4: a squid is similar to a rocket engine