ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following is the main role of flowers found on most flowering plants?
Answer: to produce seeds
Hypothesis: a flower 's purpose is to produce seeds
Supporting facts: sent1: something is used for that something 's purpose sent2: a flower produces pollen and seeds sent3: a flower is a part of a plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a flower produces pollen and seeds [AND] a flower is a part of a plant [INFER] int1: a flower is a part of a plant for producing seeds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something is used for that something 's purpose [INFER] int2: a flower 's purpose is to produce seeds
Question: From which part of the plant does a bee get food?
Answer: flower
Hypothesis: bees get food from flowers
Supporting facts: sent1: a flower produces pollen and seeds sent2: one can get something from a source sent3: bees eat pollen sent4: a bee is a kind of living thing sent5: if a thing converts something into something else then that thing uses that something sent6: a flower is a source of nectar sent7: living things eat their food source sent8: bees convert nectar into honey for food sent9: if something produces something else then that something is a source of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a flower produces pollen and seeds [AND] if something produces something else then that something is a source of that something else [INFER] int1: a flower is a source of pollen [BECAUSE] bees eat pollen [AND] a bee is a kind of living thing [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int2: pollen is a food source for bees [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a flower is a source of food for bees by producing pollen [BECAUSE] if a thing converts something into something else then that thing uses that something [AND] bees convert nectar into honey for food [INFER] int4: bees use nectar for food [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a flower is a source of nectar [INFER] int5: a flower is a source of food for bees by producing nectar [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: a flower is a source of food for bees [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] one can get something from a source [INFER] int7: bees get food from flowers
Question: Nectar is a sweet liquid that some flowering plants produce. A hummingbird drinks nectar from a flower. When a hummingbird drinks nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the hummingbird's beak. The picture shows a hummingbird drinking nectar from a flower. Which statement explains the role of a hummingbird in the life cycle of a flowering plant?
Answer: A hummingbird helps the plant reproduce.
Hypothesis: hummingbirds help plant reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: plant reproduction / seed production requires pollination sent2: a hummingbird is a kind of bird sent3: a bird is a pollinating animal sent4: if a process requires something then that something helps that process sent5: pollination requires pollinators / pollinating animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plant reproduction / seed production requires pollination [AND] pollination requires pollinators / pollinating animals [INFER] int1: plant reproduction requires pollinating animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a process requires something then that something helps that process [INFER] int2: pollinating animals help plant reproduction [BECAUSE] a hummingbird is a kind of bird [AND] a bird is a pollinating animal [INFER] int3: a hummingbird is a kind of pollinating animal [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: hummingbirds help plant reproduction
Question: Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans?
Answer: Insects pollinate flowering plants.
Hypothesis: insects can have a positive impact on humans by pollinating flowering plants
Supporting facts: sent1: pollination requires pollinating animals sent2: some crops are flowering plants sent3: humans eat crops sent4: a human is a kind of animal sent5: if an animal does something for survival then that something has a positive impact on that animal's survival sent6: a plant is a kind of living thing sent7: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent8: an insect is a pollinating animal sent9: crops are a kind of edible plant for eating sent10: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent11: plant reproduction requires pollination sent12: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollination requires pollinating animals [AND] plant reproduction requires pollination [INFER] int1: plant reproduction requires pollination by pollinating animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [AND] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [INFER] int2: pollination by pollinating animals has a positive impact on plant reproduction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an insect is a pollinating animal [INFER] int3: pollination by insects has a positive impact on plant reproduction [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] crops are a kind of edible plant for eating [INFER] int4: pollination by insects has a positive impact on crop reproduction [BECAUSE] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [AND] an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [INFER] int5: an animal needs to eat for survival [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] humans eat crops [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int6: humans are animals that can eat crops for survival [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if an animal does something for survival then that something has a positive impact on that animal's survival [INFER] int7: eating crops has a positive impact on a human's survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: insects can have a positive impact on humans by pollinating crops [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] some crops are flowering plants [INFER] int9: insects can have a positive impact on humans by pollinating flowering plants
Question: A seed of a plant sticks to the fur of an animal as it walks by. How has the animal most likely helped the plant?
Answer: by spreading the seed
Hypothesis: seeds sticking to the fur of an animal has a positive impact on a plant by spreading that plant's seeds
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent2: plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction sent3: if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal sent4: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are carried from the parent plant to another area / new environment sent5: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are spread from the parent plant to another area / new environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [AND] plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction [INFER] int1: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction [BECAUSE] if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal [AND] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are carried from the parent plant to another area / new environment [INFER] int2: an example of seed dispersal is seeds sticking to the fur of an animal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: seeds sticking to the fur of an animal has a positive impact on a plant by causing seed dispersal [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are spread from the parent plant to another area / new environment [INFER] int4: seeds sticking to the fur of an animal has a positive impact on a plant by spreading that plant's seeds
Question: A squirrel gathering nuts helps trees
Answer: reproduce.
Hypothesis: a squirrel gathering nuts helps a tree reproduce
Supporting facts: sent1: nuts are a kind of fruit sent2: a tree is a kind of plant sent3: squirrels gather nuts sent4: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction sent5: if something has a positive impact on something else then that something helps that something else sent6: fruit contains seeds sent7: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment sent8: when an animal gathers seeds it carries those seeds to a new area sent9: a squirrel is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction [AND] if something has a positive impact on something else then that something helps that something else [INFER] int1: seed dispersal helps a plant reproduce [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int2: seed dispersal helps a tree reproduce [BECAUSE] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment [AND] when an animal gathers seeds it carries those seeds to a new area [INFER] int3: an example of seed dispersal is is an animal hiding / gathering / burying seeds [BECAUSE] nuts are a kind of fruit [AND] fruit contains seeds [INFER] int4: nuts contain seeds [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an example of seed dispersal is an animal gathering nuts [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] squirrels gather nuts [AND] a squirrel is a kind of animal [INFER] int6: an example of seed dispersal is a squirrel gathering nuts [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a squirrel gathering nuts helps a tree reproduce
Question: Which animals are most likely to carry the seeds found in berries from the parent plant to another area?
Answer: birds
Hypothesis: birds sometimes carry seeds from berries from the parent plant to another area
Supporting facts: sent1: seeds are a part of berries sent2: an example of seed dispersal is animals eating / excreting seeds sent3: birds sometimes eat berries sent4: a bird is a kind of animal sent5: some animals eat berries sent6: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of seed dispersal is animals eating / excreting seeds [AND] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment [INFER] int1: when animals eat seeds those seeds are carried from the parent plant to another area [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] seeds are a part of berries [AND] some animals eat berries [INFER] int2: when animals eat berries the seeds from the berries are carried from the parent plant to another area [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] birds sometimes eat berries [AND] a bird is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: birds sometimes carry seeds from berries from the parent plant to another area
Question: Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?
Answer: to absorb nutrients
Hypothesis: roots grow into the dirt to absorb nutrients
Supporting facts: sent1: soil contains nutrients for plants sent2: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients from soil into themselves through their roots sent3: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent4: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent5: roots grow into the dirt sent6: if a living thing requires something then that living thing must obtain that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] soil contains nutrients for plants [AND] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int1: a plant requires nutrients from soil for survival [BECAUSE] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [AND] if a living thing requires something then that living thing must obtain that something [INFER] int2: if a living thing requires something then that living thing can absorb that something [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a plant absorbs nutrients from soil for survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients from soil into themselves through their roots [INFER] int4: roots are used for absorbing nutrients from soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] roots grow into the dirt [INFER] int5: roots grow into the dirt to absorb nutrients
Question: How are a tree and grass alike?
Answer: Both have roots.
Hypothesis: a tree and grass are alike because they both have roots
Supporting facts: sent1: a structure is a kind of feature sent2: grass is a kind of green plant sent3: a tree is a kind of plant sent4: roots are a part of a plant sent5: a part of a living thing is a natural structure sent6: if two things have the same features then those two things are alike
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a structure is a kind of feature [AND] a part of a living thing is a natural structure [INFER] int1: a part of something is a feature of something [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] roots are a part of a plant [INFER] int2: roots are a feature of plants [BECAUSE] grass is a kind of green plant [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int3: a tree and grass are both kinds of plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: roots are a feature of both trees and grass [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if two things have the same features then those two things are alike [INFER] int5: a tree and grass are alike because they both have roots
Question: Plants need iron to grow. What parts of plants take in iron?
Answer: roots
Hypothesis: roots take in iron from the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent2: iron is a kind of mineral sent3: some minerals are nutrients sent4: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something sent5: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something [AND] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant [INFER] int1: roots are a vehicle for taking in nutrients from the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int2: roots are a vehicle for taking in minerals from the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] iron is a kind of mineral [INFER] int3: roots are a vehicle for taking in iron from the soil [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [INFER] int4: roots take in iron from the soil
Question: The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and
Answer: take in water and nutrients
Hypothesis: the function of a plant's roots is to take in water and nutrients
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent2: soil contains nutrients for plants sent3: plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots sent4: absorbing is a kind of function sent5: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking something in sent6: soil contains water sent7: a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [AND] soil contains nutrients for plants [INFER] int1: a plant requires nutrients from soil to grow [BECAUSE] soil contains water [AND] a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow [INFER] int2: a plant requires water from soil to grow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a plant requires water and nutrients from soil to grow [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plant uptake is when plants absorb nutrients / water from soil into themselves through their roots [INFER] int4: plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] absorbing is a kind of function [INFER] int5: the funtion of a plant's roots is to absorb water and nutrients [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking something in [INFER] int6: the function of a plant's roots is to take in water and nutrients
Question: A function of a plant's roots is to
Answer: absorb water and minerals.
Hypothesis: the function of roots is to absorb water and minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant sent2: some minerals are nutrients sent3: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent4: absorbing is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [INFER] int1: roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: the function of roots is to absorb water and nutrients [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int3: the function of roots is to absorb water and minerals
Question: What is the main function of a plant stem?
Answer: to carry food and water to the rest of the plant
Hypothesis: a function of a plant stem is to transport water and food from the roots to the rest of the plant
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant stem is the vehicle for transporting water and food from roots to the rest of the plant sent2: transporting materials through a plant is a kind of function sent3: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant stem is the vehicle for transporting water and food from roots to the rest of the plant [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [INFER] int1: a plant stem transports water and food from the roots to the rest of the plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] transporting materials through a plant is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of a plant stem is to transport water and food from the roots to the rest of the plant
Question: When a plant wilts, the stomata close. How does this help the plant?
Answer: It reduces further water loss.
Hypothesis: stomata has a positive impact on plants by reducing water loss
Supporting facts: sent1: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent2: the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability sent3: if there is a loss of something then that something decreases sent4: a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow sent5: stomata closing reduces water loss
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the decrease of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism 's survival / that organism 's ability [AND] if there is a loss of something then that something decreases [INFER] int1: a loss of something required by an organism has a negative impact on that organism's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow [INFER] int2: a loss of water has a negative impact on a plant's survival [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [INFER] int3: decreasing water loss has a positive impact on a plant's survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] stomata closing reduces water loss [INFER] int4: stomata has a positive impact on plants by reducing water loss
Question: Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?
Answer: water needed by the plant
Hypothesis: xylem transports water that is required by plants
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of material sent2: special tissues in plants transport materials throughout the plant sent3: xylem is a kind of special tissue in vascular plants sent4: a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] special tissues in plants transport materials throughout the plant [AND] xylem is a kind of special tissue in vascular plants [INFER] int1: xylem transports materials through the plant [BECAUSE] water is a kind of material [AND] a plants / living things require water for survival / to grow [INFER] int2: water is a kind of material that is required for plants' survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: xylem transports water that is required by plants
Question: What do all animals need in order to survive?
Answer: water, air, and food
Hypothesis: an animal requires water and air and food for survival
Supporting facts: sent1: oxygen can be found in air sent2: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent3: animals / living things require water for survival sent4: an animal / bacterium requires oxygen for survival / to breathe sent5: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oxygen can be found in air [AND] an animal / bacterium requires oxygen for survival / to breathe [INFER] int1: an animal requires air for survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] animals / living things require water for survival [INFER] int2: an animal requires water and air for suvival [BECAUSE] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [AND] an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [INFER] int3: an animal requires food for survival [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: an animal requires water and air and food for survival
Question: Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?
Answer: They need to eat.
Hypothesis: a basic need of animals is eating
Supporting facts: sent1: something that is required for survival is a kind of basic need sent2: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent3: eating is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [AND] eating is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [INFER] int1: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients for survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something that is required for survival is a kind of basic need [INFER] int2: a basic need of animals is eating
Question: Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?
Answer: a girl eating an apple
Hypothesis: an example of an organism taking in nutrients is a girl eating an apple
Supporting facts: sent1: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent2: a girl is a kind of organism sent3: an apple is a kind of fruit sent4: fruit is a kind of food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [AND] a girl is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: an example of an organism taking in nutrients is a girl eating food [BECAUSE] an apple is a kind of fruit [AND] fruit is a kind of food [INFER] int2: an apple is a kind of food [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an example of an organism taking in nutrients is a girl eating an apple
Question: Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy could be prevented by eating oranges and lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease caused by
Answer: a nutritional deficiency
Hypothesis: if a disease can be prevented by eating a certain kind of food then that disease is probably caused by a nutritional deficiency
Supporting facts: sent1: scurvy is a kind of disease sent2: oranges / lemons are a kind of food sent3: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent4: eating oranges / lemons can prevent scurvy sent5: if something can prevent a something else then that something else is probably caused by a deficiency of that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oranges / lemons are a kind of food [AND] eating oranges / lemons can prevent scurvy [INFER] int1: eating a kind of food can prevent scurvy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] scurvy is a kind of disease [INFER] int2: eating a kind of food can prevent a disease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [INFER] int3: taking in nutrients by eating a kind of food can prevent a disease [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something can prevent a something else then that something else is probably caused by a deficiency of that something [INFER] int4: if a disease can be prevented by eating a certain kind of food then that disease is probably caused by a nutritional deficiency