ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into
Answer: mechanical energy.
Hypothesis: a hurricane converts heat energy into mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a hurricane is a kind of heat engine sent2: a heat engine converts heat energy into mechanical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a hurricane is a kind of heat engine [AND] a heat engine converts heat energy into mechanical energy [INFER] int1: a hurricane converts heat energy into mechanical energy
Question: Which statement best describes the energy transformations that occur when a candle burns?
Answer: Chemical energy from the wax is converted into light and heat energy.
Hypothesis: the energy transformation in wax is from chemical energy to light and heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy sent2: lighting a candle causes that candle to burn sent3: burning is similar to combustion sent4: a candle is made of wax sent5: wax contains chemical energy sent6: combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lighting a candle causes that candle to burn [AND] burning is similar to combustion [INFER] int1: lighting a candle causes the candle to combust [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a candle is made of wax [INFER] int2: lighting a candle causes the wax in candle to combust [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] wax contains chemical energy [AND] combustion means fire converts chemical energy into light energy and heat energy [INFER] int3: combustion converts the chemical energy in wax into light and heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] energy transformation means one kind of energy changes into another kind of energy [INFER] int4: the energy transformation in wax is from chemical energy to light and heat energy
Question: A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?
Answer: Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.
Hypothesis: the car will stop when the mechanical energy in it is decreased by friction to 0
Supporting facts: sent1: fuel is a source of mechanical energy for cars to move sent2: if an object is not moving it does not have any motion to counter sent3: a car is moving on a level road sent4: if an object has 0 mechanical energy, then the object will stop moving sent5: the car runs out of fuel sent6: if one surface is moving on another surface then those surfaces are touching sent7: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent8: if something is decreased and there is no source of that something to provide more of that something, then that something will decrease to 0 sent9: countering the motion of a moving object means decreasing the mechanical energy of the moving object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fuel is a source of mechanical energy for cars to move [AND] the car runs out of fuel [INFER] int1: the car does not have a source of mechanical energy to move [BECAUSE] a car is moving on a level road [AND] if one surface is moving on another surface then those surfaces are touching [INFER] int2: the moving car and the road are touching on their surfaces [BECAUSE] if an object is not moving it does not have any motion to counter [AND] friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching [INFER] int3: friction acts to counter the motion of only moving objects when the surfaces of two objects are touching [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: friction will counter the motion of the moving car [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] countering the motion of a moving object means decreasing the mechanical energy of the moving object [INFER] int5: friction will decrease the mechanical energy of the moving car [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the car does not have a source of mechanical energy and friction will decrease the mechanical energy of the moving car [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if something is decreased and there is no source of that something to provide more of that something, then that something will decrease to 0 [INFER] int7: the mechanical energy of the moving car will be decreased by friction to 0 [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] if an object has 0 mechanical energy, then the object will stop moving [INFER] int8: the car will stop when the mechanical energy in it is decreased by friction to 0
Question: Which of these uses sound waves to locate underwater objects?
Answer: sonar
Hypothesis: sonar uses sound waves to locate objects underwater
Supporting facts: sent1: sonar usually is used for locating objects underwater sent2: sonar is used to find the location of an object by sound waves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sonar usually is used for locating objects underwater [AND] sonar is used to find the location of an object by sound waves [INFER] int1: sonar uses sound waves to locate objects underwater
Question: Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?
Answer: to create a magnetic field
Hypothesis: a magnetic field will be generated when a wire is looped around an iron nail and is connected to a circuit
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnets generate magnetic fields sent2: a electromagnet is formed by attaching an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire to a circuit sent3: creating a simple circuit requires a wire / battery sent4: wire was looped several times around an iron nail sent5: the wire's ends were connected to a battery
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] creating a simple circuit requires a wire / battery [AND] the wire's ends were connected to a battery [INFER] int1: the wire's ends were connected to a simple circuit [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wire was looped several times around an iron nail [INFER] int2: the wire is looped several times around an iron nail and is connected to a circuit [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a electromagnet is formed by attaching an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire to a circuit [INFER] int3: an electromaget is formed when a wire is looped around an iron nail and is connceted to a circuit [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] electromagnets generate magnetic fields [INFER] int4: a magnetic field will be generated when a wire is looped around an iron nail and is connected to a circuit
Question: A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a
Answer: magnetic field.
Hypothesis: moving a metal loop in the magnetic field generates electrical current
Supporting facts: sent1: moving a coil of wire in the magnetic field generates electrical current sent2: a metal loop is similar to a coil of wire
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moving a coil of wire in the magnetic field generates electrical current [AND] a metal loop is similar to a coil of wire [INFER] int1: moving a metal loop in the magnetic field generates electrical current
Question: Carlos puts a new battery into a radio. What does the battery supply to the radio that makes it turn on?
Answer: electricity
Hypothesis: the battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy to power a radio
Supporting facts: sent1: a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy for powering electrical devices sent2: a radio is a kind of electrical device
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy for powering electrical devices [AND] a radio is a kind of electrical device [INFER] int1: the battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy to power a radio
Question: In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?
Answer: a flashlight
Hypothesis: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a flashlight emits light sent2: a kind of is similar to a form of sent3: a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device sent4: electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy sent5: batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy sent6: battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device sent7: a flashlight is a kind of electrical device sent8: light is a kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device [AND] battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device [INFER] int1: battery is the source of electrical energy for a flashlight [BECAUSE] electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy [AND] a flashlight is a kind of electrical device [INFER] int2: a flashlight converts electrical energy into other forms of energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a flashlight emits light [AND] a kind of is similar to a form of [AND] light is a kind of energy [INFER] int3: a flashlight converts electrical energy into light energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a flashlight converts electrical energy from the battery into light energy [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy [INFER] int5: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Question: In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?
Answer: a flashlight
Hypothesis: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Supporting facts: sent1: batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy sent2: a flashlight is a kind of electrical device sent3: a kind of is similar to a form of sent4: a flashlight emits light sent5: electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy sent6: a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device sent7: light is a kind of energy sent8: battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a flashlight is a kind of battery-operated device [AND] battery is the source of electrical energy for battery-operated device [INFER] int1: battery is the source of electrical energy for a flashlight [BECAUSE] a flashlight is a kind of electrical device [AND] electrical devices convert from electrical energy  into other forms of energy [INFER] int2: a flashlight converts electrical energy into other forms of energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a kind of is similar to a form of [AND] a flashlight emits light [AND] light is a kind of energy [INFER] int3: a flashlight converts electrical energy into light energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a flashlight converts electrical energy from the battery into light energy [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy [INFER] int5: when a flashlight is used, the energy is changed from chemical energy into electrical energy and then into light energy
Question: A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?
Answer: mechanical
Hypothesis: a wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy by using mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical energy for a generator sent2: a generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical energy for a generator [AND] a generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy [INFER] int1: a wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy by using mechanical energy
Question: When the switch in a simple series circuit is closed, what happens to the light bulb that the electricity is flowing to?
Answer: the light comes on
Hypothesis: when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will turn on / come on
Supporting facts: sent1: an electric circuit is a vehicle for moving electrical energy from the source to the electrical device sent2: electricity is a kind of electrical energy sent3: a light bulb is a kind of electrical device sent4: an electrical device requires electricity to turn on sent5: when a switch in a simple series circuit is closed , electricity will flow through the circuit
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light bulb is a kind of electrical device [AND] an electrical device requires electricity to turn on [INFER] int1: a light bulb requires electricity to turn on [BECAUSE] an electric circuit is a vehicle for moving electrical energy from the source to the electrical device [AND] when a switch in a simple series circuit is closed , electricity will flow through the circuit [INFER] int2: when a switch is closed, the electrical energy will flow from the source to the electrical device [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a light bulb is a kind of electrical device [INFER] int3: when a switched is closed, the electrical energy will flow to the light bulb [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] electricity is a kind of electrical energy [INFER] int4: when a switch is closed, the electricity will flow to the lightbulb [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will turn on / come on
Question: Which of the following would make the best insulator against the flow of electricity?
Answer: plastic tape
Hypothesis: plastic tape will prevent the flow of electricity
Supporting facts: sent1: plastic is an electrical insulator sent2: plastic tape is made of plastic sent3: an electrical insulator prevents the flow of electricity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plastic is an electrical insulator [AND] plastic tape is made of plastic [INFER] int1: plastic tape is an electrical insulator [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an electrical insulator prevents the flow of electricity [INFER] int2: plastic tape will prevent the flow of electricity
Question: Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of ___.
Answer: energy
Hypothesis: heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy
Supporting facts: sent1: light is a kind of energy sent2: sound is a kind of energy sent3: heat is a kind of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of energy [AND] sound is a kind of energy [AND] heat is a kind of energy [INFER] int1: heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy
Question: The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?
Answer: chemical energy
Hypothesis: the firecracker stores chemical energy as its original energy
Supporting facts: sent1: if something converts one kind of energy into other kinds of energy then that something originally stores that energy as the first kind of energy sent2: a firecracker converts chemical energy into sound energy and light energy and heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something converts one kind of energy into other kinds of energy then that something originally stores that energy as the first kind of energy [AND] a firecracker converts chemical energy into sound energy and light energy and heat energy [INFER] int1: the firecracker stores chemical energy as its original energy
Question: Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat energy can change water from a liquid to a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: gas is a kind of state of matter sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent4: heat energy can change the state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gas is a kind of state of matter [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [AND] heat energy can change the state of matter [INFER] int1: heat energy can change a substance from a liquid to a gas [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: heat energy can change water from a liquid to a gas
Question: What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: heat can cause the ice cube to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: heat is a kind of heat energy sent2: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: solid is a kind of state of matter sent5: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent6: an ice cube is a kind of solid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat is a kind of heat energy [AND] heat energy can change the state of matter [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an ice cube is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause the ice cube to melt
Question: During winter months, Amina sometimes notices ice covering the hoods of parked cars. Once the engine of the car runs for a while, the ice on the hood begins to melt. What form of energy is released from the car engine to melt the ice?
Answer: heat
Hypothesis: the heat from a car engine can cause ice to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: heat is a kind of heat energy sent2: a car engine is a source of heat sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: ice is a kind of solid sent5: liquid is a kind of state of matter sent6: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent7: solid is a kind of state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat is a kind of heat energy [AND] heat energy can change the state of matter [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] ice is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause ice to melt [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a car engine is a source of heat [INFER] int5: the heat from a car engine can cause ice to melt
Question: A student had a cup of ice while working outside. After a while, the ice melted because the Sun emits energy in the form of light and
Answer: heat.
Hypothesis: the heat from the sunlight cause ice to melt
Supporting facts: sent1: ice is a kind of solid sent2: melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy sent3: heat energy can change the state of matter sent4: heat is a kind of heat energy sent5: solid is a kind of state of matter sent6: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent7: liquid is a kind of state of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat energy can change the state of matter [AND] heat is a kind of heat energy [INFER] int1: heat can change the state of matter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] solid is a kind of state of matter [AND] liquid is a kind of state of matter [INFER] int2: heat can change a substance from a solid to liquid [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting means a substance changes from a solid into a liquid by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: heat can cause a solid substance to melt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] ice is a kind of solid [INFER] int4: heat can cause ice to melt [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight [INFER] int5: the heat from the sunlight cause ice to melt
Question: Which form of energy are x rays and ultraviolet light?
Answer: electromagnetic
Hypothesis: x-rays and ultraviolet light are both electromagnetic energy
Supporting facts: sent1: an x ray is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent2: ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy sent3: electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an x ray is a kind of electromagnetic wave [AND] electromagnetic energy travels as electromagnetic waves [INFER] int1: x-rays are a kind of electromagnetic energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy [INFER] int2: x-rays and ultraviolet light are both electromagnetic energy
Question: What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?
Answer: mechanical
Hypothesis: a person can exert mechanical energy to push a block
Supporting facts: sent1: a block is a kind of object sent2: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object sent3: a person is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a block is a kind of object [AND] mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push or pull another object [INFER] int1: mechanical energy exerted by an object can be used to push a block [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a person is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a person can exert mechanical energy to push a block
Question: Which event is the best example of mechanical energy?
Answer: a wagon rolling down a hill
Hypothesis: a wagon rolling is an example of mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a vehicle is a kind of object sent2: an example of mechanical energy is an object in motion sent3: a wagon is a kind of vehicle sent4: rolling is a kind of motion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a vehicle is a kind of object [AND] a wagon is a kind of vehicle [INFER] int1: a wagon is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] rolling is a kind of motion [INFER] int2: a wagon rolling is an example of an object in motion [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an example of mechanical energy is an object in motion [INFER] int3: a wagon rolling is an example of mechanical energy
Question: A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm?
Answer: Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.
Hypothesis: heat in the soup transferring to the metal spoon causes the spoon to become hot
Supporting facts: sent1: a metal spoon is used to stir the soup sent2: if an object touches something then one is exposed to that something sent3: soup is a kind of liquid sent4: if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot sent5: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor will become hot / warm sent6: soup is a kind of substance sent7: a pan of soup is heated on a stove sent8: if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid sent9: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor sent10: if something is heated on a stove, that thing will become hot sent11: a hot substance is a source of heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an object touches something then one is exposed to that something [AND] if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid [INFER] int1: if a spoon is used to stir a liquid, then the spoon is exposed to the liquid [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] soup is a kind of liquid [INFER] int2: if a spoon is used to stir soup, the the spoon is exposed to the soup [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a metal spoon is used to stir the soup [INFER] int3: the metal spoon is exposed to the soup [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor [INFER] int4: the metal spoon being exposed to the soup is an example of a thermal conductor being exposed to the soup [BECAUSE] if something is heated on a stove, that thing will become hot [AND] a pan of soup is heated on a stove [INFER] int5: the pan of soup will become hot [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a hot substance is a source of heat [AND] soup is a kind of substance [INFER] int6: the pan of soup will become a source of heat [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [AND] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor will become hot / warm [INFER] int7: the metal spoon in the soup will become hot [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot [INFER] int8: heat in the soup transferring to the metal spoon causes the spoon to become hot