ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which environmental factor would most likely prevent an orange tree from surviving in the desert?
Answer: the lack of moisture
Hypothesis: a lack of moisture prevents the survival of plants in the desert
Supporting facts: sent1: moisture is a form of water sent2: plants require water for survival sent3: a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing sent4: a desert environment is low in availability of water sent5: a plant is a kind of living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a lack of something that a living thing requires prevents the survival of that living thing [AND] a plant is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: a lack of something that a plant requires prevents the survival of that plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] plants require water for survival [INFER] int2: a lack of water prevents the survival of plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a desert environment is low in availability of water [INFER] int3: a lack of water prevents the survival of plants in the desert [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] moisture is a form of water [INFER] int4: a lack of moisture prevents the survival of plants in the desert
Question: Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?
Answer: climate
Hypothesis: a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive
Supporting facts: sent1: if an organism requires something then that something is a resource for that organism sent2: clouds can block sunlight sent3: a plant is a kind of organism sent4: different plants require different amounts of certain resources to grow / survive sent5: precipitation is a property of weather sent6: a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive sent7: climate is a property of environment sent8: temperature is a property of weather sent9: precipitation is water that falls to the ground from clouds sent10: a plants require water for survival / to grow sent11: if something is a property of something else then that something else determines that something sent12: a plant requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis sent13: climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time [AND] climate is a property of environment [INFER] int1: an environment's climate is the usual kind of weather in that environment over a period of time [BECAUSE] precipitation is a property of weather [AND] temperature is a property of weather [INFER] int2: temperature and precipitation are properties of weather [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something is a property of something else then that something else determines that something [INFER] int3: weather determines temperature and precipitation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: an environment's climate determines the temperature and precipitation of a location [BECAUSE] clouds can block sunlight [AND] precipitation is water that falls to the ground from clouds [INFER] int5: precipitation can affect the amount of water and sunlight in an environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an environment's climate determines the temperature and amount of water and sunlight in a location [BECAUSE] a plant requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis [AND] a plant requires photosynthesis to grow / survive [INFER] int7: a plant requires sunlight to grow / survive [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a plants require water for survival / to grow [INFER] int8: plants require water and sunlight to grow / survive [BECAUSE] if an organism requires something then that something is a resource for that organism [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int9: if a plant requires something then that something is a resource for that plant [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: water and sunlight are resources for plants [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] different plants require different amounts of certain resources to grow / survive [INFER] int11: different plants require different amounts of water and sunlight to grow / survive [BECAUSE] int11 [AND] int6 [INFER] int12: a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive
Question: If a tall tree falls over in a crowded forest, which resource becomes available to the surrounding plants?
Answer: sunlight
Hypothesis: if a tree falls then sunlight becomes available to the surrounding plants
Supporting facts: sent1: a hole is a kind of opening sent2: a tree requires sunlight to grow sent3: light can travel through an opening sent4: a tree falling in a forest creates a hole in a forest canopy sent5: if a living thing dies then the resources used by that living thing will become available sent6: a forest canopy is a kind of opaque object sent7: sunlight is a kind of light sent8: if a tree falls then that tree is dead sent9: large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground sent10: light can not travel through an opaque object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light can not travel through an opaque object [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight can not travel through an opaque object [BECAUSE] light can travel through an opening [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int2: sunlight can travel through an opening [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a hole is a kind of opening [INFER] int3: sunlight can travel through a hole [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: sunlight can travel through a hole in an opaque object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a forest canopy is a kind of opaque object [INFER] int5: sunlight can travel through a hole in a forest canopy [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a tree falling in a forest creates a hole in a forest canopy [INFER] int6: a tree falling in a forest allows sunlight to travel through that forest's canopy [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] large canopies / trees block sunlight from reaching the ground [INFER] int7: a tree falling in a forest allows sunlight to reach the ground in some areas [BECAUSE] if a living thing dies then the resources used by that living thing will become available [AND] if a tree falls then that tree is dead [INFER] int8: if a tree falls then the resources used by that tree will become available [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] a tree requires sunlight to grow [INFER] int9: if a tree falls then the sunlight that was used by that tree will become available [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: if a tree falls then sunlight becomes available to the surrounding plants
Question: Which BEST explains why green marine algae are most often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean?
Answer: They can live only where there is light.
Hypothesis: algae often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean because they require sunlight
Supporting facts: sent1: sunlight can be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean sent2: algae are often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean sent3: solar energy is a kind of light sent4: algae is a kind of plant sent5: if an organism is restricted to an area then that organism can only live in that area sent6: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent7: sunlight is a kind of light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] algae are often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean [AND] if an organism is restricted to an area then that organism can only live in that area [INFER] int1: algae often can only live in the top 100 meters of the ocean [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sunlight can be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean [INFER] int2: algae an sunlight often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean [BECAUSE] solar energy is a kind of light [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int3: sunlight is a kind of solar energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [INFER] int4: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] algae is a kind of plant [INFER] int5: algae requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: algae often can only be found in the top 100 meters of the ocean because they require sunlight
Question: Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because
Answer: their body temperature changes with the environment.
Hypothesis: reptiles become more active on warmer days because their body temperature increases along with the temperature of their environment
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent2: warmer means greater / higher in temperature sent3: as temperature in the environment increases , the body temperature of a reptile in that environment will increase sent4: reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer sent5: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent6: as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase sent7: being active requires energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as temperature in the environment increases , the body temperature of a reptile in that environment will increase [AND] as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase [INFER] int1: as the temperature during the day increases, the body temperature of a reptile in a given environment will increase [BECAUSE] reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer [AND] warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth [INFER] int2: reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer in temperature [BECAUSE] temperature is a measure of heat energy [AND] warmer means greater / higher in temperature [INFER] int3: warmer temperatures means greater heat energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] being active requires energy [INFER] int4: being active requires a warmer temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: warmer temperatures cause reptiles to become more active [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: reptiles become more active on warmer days because their body temperature increases along with the temperature of their environment
Question: A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to
Answer: hot temperatures
Hypothesis: an example of adaptations to hot temperatures are panting and sweating
Supporting facts: sent1: cooling means decreasing heat / temperature sent2: panting is when an animal 's body is cooled by hanging out their tongue sent3: sweat cools a body sent4: if the environmental temperature is too hot then an animal in that environment may become hot sent5: if an animal becomes too hot then that animal may die sent6: sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals sent7: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sweat cools a body [AND] sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals [INFER] int1: when the body is hot , sweat is used to cool the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] panting is when an animal 's body is cooled by hanging out their tongue [INFER] int2: panting and sweating are used to cool the body [BECAUSE] cooling means decreasing heat / temperature [AND] if an animal becomes too hot then that animal may die [INFER] int3: cooling can be used by an animal for survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if the environmental temperature is too hot then an animal in that environment may become hot [INFER] int4: if the temperature of an animal's environment becomes too hot then that animal must cool itself [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment [INFER] int5: an animal cooling itself is an adaptation to hot temperatures [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an example of adaptations to hot temperatures are panting and sweating
Question: A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism
Answer: sensing and responding to its external environment
Hypothesis: an example of an organism responding to its external environment is an animal jumping when startled
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal is a kind of organism sent2: objects in an environment are a part of that environment sent3: a cat is startled by a loud noise sent4: if something causes something else, then that something else is a response to that something sent5: objects in an environment may produce loud noises sent6: a cat is a kind of animal sent7: a cat jumps when startled
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cat is startled by a loud noise [AND] a cat is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: loud noises can cause animals to startle [BECAUSE] objects in an environment are a part of that environment [AND] objects in an environment may produce loud noises [INFER] int2: an environment may produce loud noises [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an environment may cause animals to startle [BECAUSE] a cat is a kind of animal [AND] a cat jumps when startled [INFER] int4: some animals jump when startled [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an environment may cause animals to startle and jump [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] an animal is a kind of organism [INFER] int6: an environment may cause organisms such as animals to startle and jump [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if something causes something else, then that something else is a response to that something [INFER] int7: an example of an organism responding to its external environment is an animal jumping when startled
Question: When Javier exercises, his muscle cells need more oxygen. Which would help Javier's muscle cells receive more oxygen?
Answer: increasing the rate his heart beats
Hypothesis: as the rate of heart beating increases, the amount of oxygen being recived by muscle cells increases
Supporting facts: sent1: as the rate of a heart beating increases , the rate of the blood traveling to the rest of the body will increase sent2: heart pumps blood to the rest of the body sent3: muscle cells are a part of muscles sent4: blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body sent5: if something is transported to something else then that something else receives that something sent6: muscels are a part of the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heart pumps blood to the rest of the body [AND] blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body [INFER] int1: the heart pumping blood transports oxygen to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is transported to something else then that something else receives that something [INFER] int2: the heart pumping blood causes the rest of the body to recive oxygen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the rate of a heart beating increases , the rate of the blood traveling to the rest of the body will increase [INFER] int3: as the rate of heart beating increases, the amount of oxygen being recived by the rest of the body increases [BECAUSE] muscle cells are a part of muscles [AND] muscels are a part of the body [INFER] int4: muscle cells are a part of the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: as the rate of heart beating increases, the amount of oxygen being recived by muscle cells increases
Question: Isabel goes jogging for two miles on a sunny afternoon. At the end of her run, she is warmer. As Isabel jogs, which function does the skin perform to help stabilize her body temperature?
Answer: Her skin discharges water.
Hypothesis: when the body is hot, water is discharged from the skin to cool the body
Supporting facts: sent1: sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals sent2: sweat is a kind of liquid sent3: water is a kind of liquid at room temperature sent4: heat means temperature increases sent5: to sweat means to discharge sweat from the skin
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals [AND] heat means temperature increases [INFER] int1: when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body [BECAUSE] sweat is a kind of liquid [AND] to sweat means to discharge sweat from the skin [INFER] int2: to sweat means to discharge liquid from the skin [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] water is a kind of liquid at room temperature [INFER] int3: sweat is a discharge of water from the skin [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: when the body is hot, water is discharged from the skin to cool the body
Question: Inside cells, special molecules carry messages from the membrane to the nucleus. Which body system uses a similar process?
Answer: endocrine system
Hypothesis: the endocrine system is similar to special molecules in the cells
Supporting facts: sent1: special molecules carry messages from the cell membrane to the cell nucleus sent2: a cell nucleus is a kind of organelle sent3: an animal 's brain controls that animal sent4: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent5: the endocrine system carries messages from the body to the brain sent6: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent7: the body is a part of an organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell nucleus is a kind of organelle [AND] the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell [INFER] int1: the cell nucleus is a kind of organelle that controls many of the functions of the cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] special molecules carry messages from the cell membrane to the cell nucleus [INFER] int2: special molecules carry messages from the rest of the cell to the organelle that controls the cell [BECAUSE] an animal 's brain controls that animal [AND] the endocrine system carries messages from the body to the brain [INFER] int3: the endocrine system carries messages from the body to the organ that controls the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the body is a part of an organism [INFER] int4: the endocrine system carries messages from a part of an organism to the organ that controls that part of the organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: special molecules in cells and the endocrine system both carry messages through parts of an organism to the structure that controls that part of the organism [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [INFER] int6: the endocrine system is similar to special molecules in the cells
Question: When animals use energy, they produce
Answer: carbon dioxide
Hypothesis: animals produce carbon dioxide by using energy
Supporting facts: sent1: breathing out is when animals exhale carbon dioxide from their lungs into the air sent2: animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling sent3: breathing is when animals convert oxygen into carbon dioxide sent4: a source of something produces that something sent5: cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy sent6: living things require respiration to use energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is when a cell converts from oxygen and carbohydrates into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [AND] living things require respiration to use energy [INFER] int1: living things must convert oxygen into carbon dioxide to use energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] breathing is when animals convert oxygen into carbon dioxide [INFER] int2: living things must breathe to use energy [BECAUSE] breathing out is when animals exhale carbon dioxide from their lungs into the air [AND] animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling [INFER] int3: animals are a source of carbon dioxide by breathing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a source of something produces that something [INFER] int4: animals produce carbon dioxide by breathing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: animals produce carbon dioxide by using energy
Question: How do most fish get the oxygen they need to survive?
Answer: Using their gills, they take in oxygen that is dissolved in water.
Hypothesis: fish use gills to take in oxygen that is dissolved in water
Supporting facts: sent1: breathing is when an animal converts oxygen in their environment into oxygen in blood sent2: water contains dissolved oxygen sent3: a fish is a kind of aquatic animal sent4: gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals sent5: water is a part of an environment sent6: in order to convert oxygen in water into oxygen in blood, fish must take in oxygen from water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fish is a kind of aquatic animal [AND] gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals [INFER] int1: gills are a part of a fish used for breathing water [BECAUSE] water contains dissolved oxygen [AND] water is a part of an environment [INFER] int2: water is a part of an environment that contains dissolved oxygen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] breathing is when an animal converts oxygen in their environment into oxygen in blood [INFER] int3: breathing is when an animal converts dissolved oxygen in water into oxygen in blood [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: breathing is when a gill converts dissolved oxygen in water into oxygen in blood [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] in order to convert oxygen in water into oxygen in blood, fish must take in oxygen from water [INFER] int5: fish use gills to take in oxygen that is dissolved in water
Question: Which adaptation allows a fish to get oxygen underwater?
Answer: gills
Hypothesis: gills are a kind of adaptation for getting oxygen underwater
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal requires oxygen for survival sent2: breathing is when a gill converts from oxygen in water into oxygen in blood sent3: a fish is a kind of aquatic animal sent4: in water means underwater sent5: gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals sent6: adaptations are used for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fish is a kind of aquatic animal [AND] gills are used for breathing water by aquatic animals [INFER] int1: gills are a part of a fish used for breathing water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] breathing is when a gill converts from oxygen in water into oxygen in blood [INFER] int2: gills are a part of a fish used for breathing oxygen in water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] in water means underwater [INFER] int3: gills are a part of a fish used for breathing oxygen underwater [BECAUSE] an animal requires oxygen for survival [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int4: an example of an adaptation is something that is used for getting oxygen [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: gills are a kind of adaptation for getting oxygen underwater