ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A fox grows thicker fur as a season changes. This adaptation helps the fox to
Answer: keep warmer
Hypothesis: a fox grows thick fur to keep warm as the season changes to winter
Supporting facts: sent1: a fox is a kind of animal sent2: thick fur can be used for keeping warm sent3: temperature is a property of weather sent4: a fox grows thick fur as the seasons change sent5: winter has cold temperatures sent6: if the environmental temperature is too cold then an animal in that environment may become cold sent7: an animal requires warmth for survival sent8: winter is a kind of season sent9: weather changes from seasons to seasons sent10: when fur grows it becomes thicker
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a fox is a kind of animal [AND] a fox grows thick fur as the seasons change [INFER] int1: a fox is a kind of animal that grows thick fur as the seasons change [BECAUSE] if the environmental temperature is too cold then an animal in that environment may become cold [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival [INFER] int2: an animal requires warmth for survival in cold temperatures [BECAUSE] temperature is a property of weather [AND] weather changes from seasons to seasons [INFER] int3: temperature changes from seasons to seasons [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] winter is a kind of season [INFER] int4: temperature changes from another season to winter [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] winter has cold temperatures [INFER] int5: temperatures become cold as the season changes to winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an animal requires warmth for survival as the season changes to winter [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] thick fur can be used for keeping warm [INFER] int7: thick fur can be used for keeping warm as the season changes to winter [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] when fur grows it becomes thicker [INFER] int8: some animals' fur grows thicker for staying warm as the season changes to winter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: a fox grows thick fur to keep warm as the season changes to winter
Question: Which characteristic would best help a land animal survive in a cold Arctic climate?
Answer: thick fur
Hypothesis: thick fur is used for survival in an arctic environment by keeping warm
Supporting facts: sent1: a covering can be used as a kind of protection against cold weather sent2: if the environmental temperature is too cold then an animal in that environment may become cold sent3: keeping warm is the opposite of becoming cold sent4: an animal is a kind of living thing sent5: if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die sent6: the arctic environment usually is cold in temperature from being at a northern lattitude sent7: fur is a covering around the body of an animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a covering can be used as a kind of protection against cold weather [AND] fur is a covering around the body of an animal [INFER] int1: thick fur can be used for keeping warm [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die [INFER] int2: if an animal becomes too cold then that animal will die [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] keeping warm is the opposite of becoming cold [INFER] int3: an animal requires warmth for survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if the environmental temperature is too cold then an animal in that environment may become cold [INFER] int4: an animal requires warmth for survival in a cold environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: thick fur is used for survival in a cold environment by keeping warm [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] the arctic environment usually is cold in temperature from being at a northern lattitude [INFER] int6: thick fur is used for survival in an arctic environment by keeping warm
Question: Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?
Answer: thick fur
Hypothesis: thick fur has a positive impact on an animal's survival in a snowy environment
Supporting facts: sent1: fur is a covering around the body of an animal sent2: snow is cold sent3: a covering can be used as protection against cold weather sent4: an animal requires warmth for survival in a cold environment sent5: something that is used for survival has a positive impact on survival sent6: snowy means a large amount of snow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fur is a covering around the body of an animal [AND] a covering can be used as protection against cold weather [INFER] int1: thick fur can be used for keeping warm [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal requires warmth for survival in a cold environment [INFER] int2: thick fur can be used for survival in a cold environment by keeping warm [BECAUSE] snow is cold [AND] snowy means a large amount of snow [INFER] int3: a snowy environment is a cold environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: thick fur can be used for survival in a snowy environment by keeping warm [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] something that is used for survival has a positive impact on survival [INFER] int5: thick fur has a positive impact on an animal's survival in a snowy environment
Question: Which characteristic of a bird most likely aids in obtaining food found in small places?
Answer: skinny beak
Hypothesis: a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces
Supporting facts: sent1: smaller means less / lower in size sent2: different birds have different shaped beaks sent3: a beak is used for catching food by some birds sent4: eating food requires catching food sent5: in order to go inside place, something must be smaller than or similar in size to that place sent6: in order to obtain something from a place, you must be able to go inside of that place sent7: skinny means small in size sent8: different birds eat different foods
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] different birds have different shaped beaks [AND] different birds eat different foods [INFER] int1: different birds have different shaped beaks and eat different foods [BECAUSE] a beak is used for catching food by some birds [AND] eating food requires catching food [INFER] int2: a beak is used for eating food by some birds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: birds with beaks of different shapes eat different foods [BECAUSE] smaller means less / lower in size [AND] skinny means small in size [INFER] int4: small and skinny describe similar sizes [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] in order to go inside place, something must be smaller than or similar in size to that place [INFER] int5: something that is skinny can go in something that is small [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] in order to obtain something from a place, you must be able to go inside of that place [INFER] int6: something skinny can obtain something from a small place [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a skinny beak is used for obtaining food by a bird from small spaces
Question: Frogs and salamanders compete with each other for insects. Both frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues. Which feature would most likely help both animals compete for flying insects?
Answer: sticky tongues
Hypothesis: a sticky tongue is a kind of adaptation for catching flying insects
Supporting facts: sent1: frogs catch flying insects with their tongues sent2: a predator is a kind of animal sent3: predators eat prey sent4: animals must eat to survive sent5: adaptations are used for survival sent6: eating prey requires catching prey sent7: if something is stuck then it can be caught more easily sent8: if somthing is sticky then other things will become stuck to it sent9: salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] frogs catch flying insects with their tongues [AND] salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues [INFER] int1: frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues [BECAUSE] if something is stuck then it can be caught more easily [AND] if somthing is sticky then other things will become stuck to it [INFER] int2: stickyness can be used for catching things [BECAUSE] predators eat prey [AND] eating prey requires catching prey [INFER] int3: predators must catch prey to eat prey [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a predator is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: some animals must catch prey to eat [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] animals must eat to survive [INFER] int5: some animals must catch prey to survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: stickyness can be used for survival by catching things [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int7: stickyness is a kind of adaptation for catching things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: a sticky tongue is a kind of adaptation for catching flying insects
Question: Stout beardfish live in the deep ocean. They live so far down that there is no light. Which characteristic would best help stout beardfish to survive in the dark?
Answer: two whiskers that locate food
Hypothesis: whiskers have a positive impact on a fish's survival by helping it find food
Supporting facts: sent1: the ability to find resources has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent2: a resource is something that is required for survival sent3: finding something requires sensing that something sent4: in order to eat food an animal must find food sent5: feeling is when a living thing senses through touch sent6: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients sent7: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival sent8: eating food is used to get nutrients / energy by  animals sent9: whiskers are a part of some fish for feeling
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in order to eat food an animal must find food [AND] eating food is used to get nutrients / energy by  animals [INFER] int1: animals must find food to get nutrients / energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] finding something requires sensing that something [INFER] int2: animals must sense food to find food [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] feeling is when a living thing senses through touch [INFER] int3: feeling can be used for finding food [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] whiskers are a part of some fish for feeling [INFER] int4: whiskers are part of a fish used for finding food [BECAUSE] an animal needs to eat food for nutrients [AND] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int5: an animal requires food for survival [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a resource is something that is required for survival [INFER] int6: food is a resource for animals [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] the ability to find resources has a positive impact on an animal 's survival [INFER] int7: the ability to find food has a positive impact on an animal's survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: whiskers have a positive impact on a fish's survival by helping it find food
Question: A tuna is an ocean fish that is well adapted to catching small, fast-moving prey. Which of the following adaptations most helps a tuna swim fast to catch its prey?
Answer: large fins
Hypothesis: large fins can be used to move quickly through water in order to catch prey
Supporting facts: sent1: fins are a part of aquatic animals used for moving through water sent2: the more water an animal's fin pushes against, the faster that animal will move through water sent3: if an organism 's prey moves quickly then that organism may need to move quickly to catch its prey sent4: eating prey requires catching prey sent5: a something becomes larger it is able to act upon more of something else sent6: fins move animals through water by pushing against water sent7: a predator is a kind of organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a something becomes larger it is able to act upon more of something else [AND] fins move animals through water by pushing against water [INFER] int1: the larger and animal's fin is, the more water it can push against [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the more water an animal's fin pushes against, the faster that animal will move through water [INFER] int2: the larger an animal's fin is, the faster it can move through water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fins are a part of aquatic animals used for moving through water [INFER] int3: large fins can be used to move quickly through water [BECAUSE] if an organism 's prey moves quickly then that organism may need to move quickly to catch its prey [AND] a predator is a kind of organism [INFER] int4: if a predator's prey moves quickly then that predator may need to move quickly to catch its prey [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] eating prey requires catching prey [INFER] int5: some predators move quickly to catch prey [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: large fins can be used to move quickly through water in order to catch prey
Question: A fox gave birth to an offspring that had a better sense of hearing than most foxes. How could this small change most likely result in descendants that are different from the original fox?
Answer: Over time, descendants of this fox may hear and hunt prey better than other foxes.
Hypothesis: the decendants of an animal with better hearing will also have better hearing
Supporting facts: sent1: as the ability of a living thing to survive / to reproduce increases , the likelihood of passing on its traits to its decendents will increase sent2: if a living thing must do something to survive, then doing that something better has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent3: hunting requires sensing prey sent4: animals require food for survival sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing sent6: hunting is a kind of method for obtaining food sent7: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent8: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent9: senses are passed down from parent to offspring sent10: animals with traits that positively impact their survival have a greater ability to survive / reproduce
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals require food for survival [AND] hunting is a kind of method for obtaining food [INFER] int1: some animals must hunt to survive [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] hunting requires sensing prey [INFER] int2: some animals must sense prey to survive [BECAUSE] if a living thing must do something to survive, then doing that something better has a positive impact on that living thing's survival [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int3: if an animal must do something to survive, then doing that something better has a positive impact on that animal's survival [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: better senses have a positive impact on an animal 's survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] hearing is used for sensing sound by animals [INFER] int5: better hearing has a positive impact on an animal's survival [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [AND] senses are passed down from parent to offspring [INFER] int6: senses are an inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] hearing is used for sensing sound by animals [INFER] int7: hearing is an inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: better hearing is an inherited characteristic that has a positive impact on an animal's survival [BECAUSE] as the ability of a living thing to survive / to reproduce increases , the likelihood of passing on its traits to its decendents will increase [AND] animals with traits that positively impact their survival have a greater ability to survive / reproduce [INFER] int9: the decendants of an animal with traits that positively impacted their survival will also have traits that positivley impact their survival [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: the decendants of an animal with better hearing will also have better hearing
Question: Mosquitoes have adapted to detect carbon dioxide using certain sensory nerves. Mosquitoes instinctually move toward greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. What is the importance of this adaptation?
Answer: It helps mosquitoes find food.
Hypothesis: sensing carbon dioxide has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food
Supporting facts: sent1: animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling sent2: sensing food has a positive impact on finding food sent3: mosquitos can sense carbon dioxide in the air sent4: an animal is a kind of living thing sent5: living things eat their food source sent6: mosquitos eat blood of animals sent7: a mosquito is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling [AND] mosquitos can sense carbon dioxide in the air [INFER] int1: mosquitos sense animals by sensing their carbon dioxide emissions [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] a mosquito is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: a mosquito is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int3: mosquitos eat their food source [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] mosquitos eat blood of animals [INFER] int4: animals are a source of food for mosquitos [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] sensing food has a positive impact on finding food [INFER] int5: sensing animals has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: sensing carbon dioxide has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food
Question: Which characteristic helps a fox find food?
Answer: sense of smell
Hypothesis: smell is used for finding food by foxes
Supporting facts: sent1: sense is a kind of characteristic of an animal sent2: smell is a kind of sense sent3: food can be a source of an odor sent4: a fox is a kind of animal sent5: smell is used for detecting odor
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food can be a source of an odor [AND] smell is used for detecting odor [INFER] int1: smell can be used to detect food odors [BECAUSE] sense is a kind of characteristic of an animal [AND] smell is a kind of sense [INFER] int2: smell is a kind of characteristic of some animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: smell is used for finding food by some animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a fox is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: smell is used for finding food by foxes
Question: Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?
Answer: sound
Hypothesis: bats must emit sound in order to hunt their prey
Supporting facts: sent1: a bat is a kind of animal sent2: bats find their prey by sensing echos sent3: echo is when sound reflects off of a surface sent4: a sound must first be emitted before it can reflect off of a surface sent5: hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals sent6: echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound sent7: an echo must occur in order to be heard sent8: hearing is a kind of sense sent9: hunting requires sensing prey sent10: an echo is a kind of sound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] echo is when sound reflects off of a surface [AND] a sound must first be emitted before it can reflect off of a surface [INFER] int1: a sound must be emitted for an echo to occur [BECAUSE] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [AND] an echo must occur in order to be heard [INFER] int2: echolocation requires echos to occur [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a sound must be emitted in order for an animal to echolocate [BECAUSE] a bat is a kind of animal [AND] bats find their prey by sensing echos [INFER] int4: bats are a kind of animal that finds their prey by sensing echos [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [INFER] int5: bats find their prey by using echolocation [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: bats must emit sound in order to echolocate [BECAUSE] hearing is a kind of sense [AND] hunting requires sensing prey [INFER] int7: hearing can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals [INFER] int8: sensing sounds can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] an echo is a kind of sound [INFER] int9: sensing echos can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound [INFER] int10: echolocation can be used for hunting prey [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int6 [INFER] int11: bats must emit sound in order to hunt their prey
Question: How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?
Answer: Spines protect the cactus from animals.
Hypothesis: a cactus spine has a positive impact on a cactus's survival by protecting the cactus from animals
Supporting facts: sent1: eating something has a negative impact on that something sent2: a spine is a part of a cactus that is hard and located on the outside of the cactus sent3: animals eat cacti sent4: something hard / something strong can be used for protection sent5: if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something sent6: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating something has a negative impact on that something [AND] animals eat cacti [INFER] int1: animals have a negative impact on cacti [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something [INFER] int2: a cactus must protect itself from animals [BECAUSE] a spine is a part of a cactus that is hard and located on the outside of the cactus [AND] something hard / something strong can be used for protection [INFER] int3: a spine is a part of a cactus used for protection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a cactus spine is a part of a cactus for protecting the cactus from animals [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival [INFER] int5: a cactus spine has a positive impact on a cactus's survival by protecting the cactus from animals
Question: Some types of trees are able to survive the heat of a forest fire. Which of the following characteristics would best help a tree survive a fire?
Answer: thick bark
Hypothesis: thick bark has a positive impact on a tree's survival in a fire
Supporting facts: sent1: fire causes burning sent2: bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree sent3: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival sent4: as the thickness of something increases , the resistance  of that something to damage will increase sent5: burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree [AND] as the thickness of something increases , the resistance  of that something to damage will increase [INFER] int1: thick bark protects a tree from damage [BECAUSE] fire causes burning [AND] burning a living thing usually causes harm to that living thing [INFER] int2: fire causes harm to living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: thick bark protects a tree from damage caused by fire [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival [INFER] int4: thick bark has a positive impact on a tree's survival in a fire