ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?
Answer: Growing crops
Hypothesis: growing crops is a kind of human activity that relies on high quality soil to grow
Supporting facts: sent1: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent2: planting crops is a kind of activity sent3: soil contains nutrients for plants sent4: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent5: if something requires something else then that something relies on that something else sent6: planting crops requires growing crops sent7: planting is a kind of human action sent8: crops are a kind of edible plant for eating
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planting crops is a kind of activity [AND] planting is a kind of human action [INFER] int1: planting crops is a kind of human activity [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] planting crops requires growing crops [INFER] int2: growing crops is a kind of human activity [BECAUSE] soil contains nutrients for plants [AND] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [INFER] int3: a plant requires nutrients in soil to grow [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] crops are a kind of edible plant for eating [INFER] int4: crops require nutrients in soil to grow [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something requires something else then that something relies on that something else [INFER] int5: crops rely on nutrients in soil to grow [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen [INFER] int6: crops rely on high quality soil to grow [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: growing crops is a kind of human activity that relies on high quality soil to grow
Question: What most likely happens to soil when crops are not rotated from year to year?
Answer: The soil nutrients are depleted.
Hypothesis: when crops are not rotated from year to year, the nutrients in soil are depleted
Supporting facts: sent1: crop rotation renews / protects soil sent2: crop rotation is a kind of process sent3: if something is decreased then that something is depleted sent4: renewing soil increases the nutrients in soil sent5: not doing something that is required for a process decreases the performance of that process sent6: if something increases something else, then decreasing that something will decrease that something else sent7: crop rotation requires rotating crops from year to year
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] crop rotation renews / protects soil [AND] renewing soil increases the nutrients in soil [INFER] int1: crop rotation increases the nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something increases something else, then decreasing that something will decrease that something else [INFER] int2: decreasing crop rotation will decrease the nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] crop rotation is a kind of process [AND] not doing something that is required for a process decreases the performance of that process [INFER] int3: not doing something that is required for crop rotation decreases crop rotation [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] crop rotation requires rotating crops from year to year [INFER] int4: when crops are not rotated from year to year, crop rotation decreases [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: when crops are not rotated from year to year, the nutrients in soil decrease [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something is decreased then that something is depleted [INFER] int6: when crops are not rotated from year to year, the nutrients in soil are depleted
Question: Human actions can change the rate at which soil erodes. Which of the following would most likely slow the rate of soil erosion?
Answer: planting trees along cliffs
Hypothesis: planting trees is a kind of human action that slows the rate of soil erosion
Supporting facts: sent1: rate is a kind of measure of speed sent2: tree roots decrease / reduce soil erosion sent3: planting trees increases the number of trees in an environment sent4: planting tree is a kind of human action sent5: if something decreases something else then increasing that something will decrease that something else sent6: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent7: to slow / to slow down decreases speed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planting trees increases the number of trees in an environment [AND] planting tree is a kind of human action [INFER] int1: planting trees is a kind of human action that increases the number of trees in an envrionment [BECAUSE] rate is a kind of measure of speed [AND] to slow / to slow down decreases speed [INFER] int2: to slow / to slow down decreases the rate of something [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] tree roots decrease / reduce soil erosion [INFER] int3: tree roots slow the rate of soil erosion [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] roots are a part of a plant / tree [INFER] int4: trees slow the rate of soil erosion [BECAUSE] rate is a kind of measure of speed [AND] to slow / to slow down decreases speed [INFER] int5: to slow / to slow down decreases the rate of something [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something decreases something else then increasing that something will decrease that something else [INFER] int6: if something slows the rate of something else then increasing that something will slow the rate of that something else [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: increasing the number of trees slows the rate of soil erosion [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: planting trees is a kind of human action that slows the rate of soil erosion
Question: Soil erosion can be best prevented by
Answer: building terraces into the sides of a slope.
Hypothesis: building terraces on a slope prevents soil erosion on that slope
Supporting facts: sent1: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent2: water does not easily flow on a flat surface sent3: water causes soil and rock erosion sent4: a mountain / hill is a kind of environment sent5: a slope is a part of a mountain / hill sent6: building terraces increases the amount of terraces in an environment sent7: water flows down a slope sent8: terraces change slopes into a series of flat steps
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water causes soil and rock erosion [AND] water flows down a slope [INFER] int1: water flowing down slopes causes soil erosion [BECAUSE] water does not easily flow on a flat surface [AND] terraces change slopes into a series of flat steps [INFER] int2: terraces change slopes into a kind of surface that water does not easily flow over [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: terraces decrease / reduce soil erosion on a slope [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] preventing something decreases the amount of that something [INFER] int4: terraces prevent soil erosion on a slope [BECAUSE] a mountain / hill is a kind of environment [AND] a slope is a part of a mountain / hill [INFER] int5: a slope is a kind of environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] building terraces increases the amount of terraces in an environment [INFER] int6: building terraces on a slope increases the amount of terraces on that slope [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: building terraces on a slope prevents soil erosion on that slope
Question: Planting legumes in order to add nitrogen to soil most likely causes
Answer: an enrichment in the fertility of the soil.
Hypothesis: planting legumes causes an enrichment in the fertility of soil
Supporting facts: sent1: to enrich something means to cause an enrichment of that something sent2: an enrichment means an increase in quality sent3: planting legumes adds nitrogen to soil sent4: adding something means increasing the amount of something sent5: fertile soil is high in quality sent6: high quality / rich / good soil has a high amount of nitrogen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planting legumes adds nitrogen to soil [AND] adding something means increasing the amount of something [INFER] int1: planting legumes increases the amount of nitrogen in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] high quality / rich / good soil has a high amount of nitrogen [INFER] int2: planting legumes increases the quality of soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an enrichment means an increase in quality [INFER] int3: planting legumes enriches the quality of soil [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] to enrich something means to cause an enrichment of that something [INFER] int4: planting legumes causes an enrichment in the quality of soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] fertile soil is high in quality [INFER] int5: planting legumes causes an enrichment in the fertility of soil
Question: Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have?
Answer: more usable nitrogen for other plants
Hypothesis: more nitrogen for other plants is an effect of growing legumes
Supporting facts: sent1: if something provides something else then that something increases the amount of that something else sent2: if something causes something else then that something else is an effect of that something sent3: an increase in the amount of something causes there to be more of something sent4: growing legumes provide nitrogen for other plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something provides something else then that something increases the amount of that something else [AND] an increase in the amount of something causes there to be more of something [INFER] int1: if something provides something else then that something causes there to be more of something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] growing legumes provide nitrogen for other plants [INFER] int2: growing legumes causes there to be more nitrogen for other plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something causes something else then that something else is an effect of that something [INFER] int3: more nitrogen for other plants is an effect of growing legumes
Question: A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to
Answer: provide an energy source for the watch.
Hypothesis: solar cells provide an energy source for a watch
Supporting facts: sent1: a watch requires electrical energy to operate sent2: if something is required then that something must be provided sent3: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent4: solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy sent5: if an object converts something into something else then that object is a source of that something else sent6: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent7: a cell is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a watch requires electrical energy to operate [AND] if something is required then that something must be provided [INFER] int1: a watch must be provided with electrical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] electrical energy is a kind of energy [INFER] int2: a watch must be provided with energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int3: a watch must be provided with an energy source [BECAUSE] if an object converts something into something else then that object is a source of that something else [AND] a cell is a kind of object [INFER] int4: if a cell converts something into something else then that cell is a source of that something else [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy [INFER] int5: solar cells are a source of electrical energy [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] electrical energy is a kind of energy [INFER] int6: solar cells are a source of energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: solar cells provide an energy source for a watch
Question: Which source of electricity would harm the environment the least?
Answer: solar power
Hypothesis: solar power is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least
Supporting facts: sent1: pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society sent2: solar energy is a source of electricity sent3: if something happens rarely then that something likely happens the least sent4: solar power means solar energy sent5: solar energy rarely causes pollution sent6: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society [AND] solar energy rarely causes pollution [INFER] int1: solar energy rarely has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something [INFER] int2: solar energy rarely harms the environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something happens rarely then that something likely happens the least [INFER] int3: solar energy likely harms the environment the least [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] solar energy is a source of electricity [INFER] int4: solar energy is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] solar power means solar energy [INFER] int5: solar power is a source of electricity that likely harms the environment the least
Question: A negative effect of the invention and use of paper is the
Answer: increased number of trees cut down.
Hypothesis: a negative effect of the invention and use of paper is an increased number of trees cut down
Supporting facts: sent1: cutting down trees has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent2: using paper requires creating paper sent3: creating paper requires cutting down trees sent4: if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else sent5: if something is allowed to be used then the use of that something might increase sent6: paper is a kind of tool sent7: inventing a tool allows / enables that tool to be used sent8: if something requires something else then increasing that something requires an increase in that something else sent9: an impact means an effect
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] paper is a kind of tool [AND] inventing a tool allows / enables that tool to be used [INFER] int1: inventing paper allows paper to be used [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is allowed to be used then the use of that something might increase [INFER] int2: inventing paper might increase the use of paper [BECAUSE] using paper requires creating paper [AND] creating paper requires cutting down trees [INFER] int3: using paper requires cutting down trees [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something requires something else then increasing that something requires an increase in that something else [INFER] int4: an increased use of paper requires an increase in the number of trees cut down [BECAUSE] cutting down trees has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem [AND] if something has a negative impact on something else then increasing the amount of that something has a negative impact on that something else [INFER] int5: increasing the number of trees cut down has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an increased use of paper has a negative effect on the environment by increasing the number of trees cut down [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: the invention and increased use of paper has a negative impact on the environment by increasing the number of trees cut down [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] an impact means an effect [INFER] int8: a negative effect of the invention and use of paper is an increased number of trees cut down
Question: A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem?
Answer: removes available nutrients
Hypothesis: removing fallen trees harms an ecosystem by removing available nutrients
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant is a kind of organism sent2: organisms are a part of an environment sent3: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent4: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent5: an environment is a kind of ecosystem sent6: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent7: a living thing is an organism sent8: fallen trees are a kind of dead organism sent9: removing dead organisms from an ecosystem causes available nutrients to be removed from that ecosystem sent10: removing something positive has a negative impact on the things that are positively impacted by that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fallen trees are a kind of dead organism [AND] removing dead organisms from an ecosystem causes available nutrients to be removed from that ecosystem [INFER] int1: removing fallen trees from an ecosystem causes available nutrients to be removed from that ecosystem [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [INFER] int2: organisms require nutrients to grow [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [AND] a living thing is an organism [INFER] int3: if an organism requires something then that something has a positive impact on that organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: nutrients have a positive impact on organisms [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] organisms are a part of an environment [INFER] int5: nutrients have a positive impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] removing something positive has a negative impact on the things that are positively impacted by that something [INFER] int6: removing nutrients has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something [INFER] int7: removing nutrients harms the environment [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] an environment is a kind of ecosystem [INFER] int8: removing nutrients harms an ecosystem [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: removing fallen trees harms an ecosystem by removing available nutrients
Question: Which of these human activities in a forest has a positive effect on the ecosystem?
Answer: Planting new trees where old ones were cut down
Hypothesis: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive effect on an ecosystem
Supporting facts: sent1: planting trees is sometimes a human activity sent2: planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem sent3: an impact means an effect
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planting trees is sometimes a human activity [AND] planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem [INFER] int1: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive impact on an ecosystem [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an impact means an effect [INFER] int2: planting trees is a kind of human activity that has a positive effect on an ecosystem
Question: Frame construction predominates in the New England area due to the abundance of
Answer: wood.
Hypothesis: frame construction predominates in the new england area because that area has an abundance of wood
Supporting facts: sent1: frame construction is a kind of industry sent2: new england has an abundance of trees sent3: wood is a kind of resource sent4: frame construction requires wood sent5: if an industry requires a resource then that industry predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource sent6: a tree contains wood
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wood is a kind of resource [AND] frame construction requires wood [INFER] int1: wood is a kind of resource that is required for frame construction [BECAUSE] frame construction is a kind of industry [AND] if an industry requires a resource then that industry predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource [INFER] int2: if frame construction requires a resource then frame construction predominates in areas with an abundance of that resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: frame construction predominates in areas with an abundance of wood [BECAUSE] new england has an abundance of trees [AND] a tree contains wood [INFER] int4: new england has an abundance of wood [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: frame construction predominates in the new england area because that area has an abundance of wood
Question: Many products are made from trees. Which is the best way to manage the use of trees?
Answer: plant a tree each time one is cut down
Hypothesis: an example of managing the use of trees is planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Supporting facts: sent1: trees are a kind of natural resource sent2: resources need to be managed sent3: an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something sent4: a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] resources need to be managed [AND] an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something [INFER] int1: an example of managing the use of a resource is replacing that resource [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] trees are a kind of natural resource [INFER] int2: an example of managing the use of trees is replacing trees [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [INFER] int3: an example of managing the use of trees is planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Question: Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by
Answer: planting trees to replace what they cut down.
Hypothesis: timber companies can manage the number of trees in a forest by planting trees to replace what they cut down
Supporting facts: sent1: timber companies cut down trees sent2: an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something sent3: resources must be managed sent4: trees are a kind of resource sent5: a forest contains lots of plants / trees sent6: a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of managing / maintaining the number / the use of something is replacing that something [AND] resources must be managed [INFER] int1: an example of managing the number of a resource is replacing that resource [BECAUSE] trees are a kind of resource [AND] a forest contains lots of plants / trees [INFER] int2: trees are a kind of resource in a forest [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an example of managing the number of trees in a forest is replacing those trees [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [INFER] int4: an example of managing the number of trees in a forest is replacing trees by planting a new tree each time one is cut down [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] timber companies cut down trees [INFER] int5: timber companies can manage the number of trees in a forest by planting trees to replace what they cut down