ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following activities is the best example of instinctive behavior in an animal?
Answer: A newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean.
Hypothesis: walking toward the ocean is sea turtles' instinctive behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: a newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean sent2: a sea turtle is a kind of animal sent3: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent4: if an animal hatches from an egg then that animal is born
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean [AND] a sea turtle is a kind of animal [AND] if an animal hatches from an egg then that animal is born [INFER] int1: a sea turtle is an animal that walks toward the ocean after it is born [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born [INFER] int2: walking toward the ocean is sea turtles' instinctive behavior
Question: A newborn kangaroo has the ability to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk. This is an example of
Answer: an instinct.
Hypothesis: an example of an instinct is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk
Supporting facts: sent1: a kangaroo is a kind of animal sent2: an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born sent3: a newborn kangaroo knows how to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk sent4: an instintctive behavior is similar to instinct
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a kangaroo is a kind of animal [AND] an animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born [INFER] int1: a kangaroo knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a newborn kangaroo knows how to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk [INFER] int2: an example of an instinctive behavior is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an instintctive behavior is similar to instinct [INFER] int3: an example of an instinct is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk
Question: Baby chicks peck their way out of their shells when they hatch. This activity is an example of which of the following types of behavior?
Answer: instinctive
Hypothesis: a chick pecking at its shell to hatch is an example of an instictive behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: a chicken is a kind of bird sent2: a chick is a kind of young / baby chicken sent3: an example of an instinctive behavior is a baby bird pecking at its shell to hatch
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a chicken is a kind of bird [AND] a chick is a kind of young / baby chicken [INFER] int1: a chick is a kind of baby bird [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of an instinctive behavior is a baby bird pecking at its shell to hatch [INFER] int2: a chick pecking at its shell to hatch is an example of an instictive behavior
Question: Every year, green sea turtles migrate approximately 2000 km to reproduce. This migration is an example of
Answer: an instinctive behavior.
Hypothesis: green sea turtles migrating to reproduce is an instinctive behavior
Supporting facts: sent1: migrating is an instinctive behavior sent2: green sea turtles migrate to reproduce
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] migrating is an instinctive behavior [AND] green sea turtles migrate to reproduce [INFER] int1: green sea turtles migrating to reproduce is an instinctive behavior
Question: Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?
Answer: height
Hypothesis: offspring can inherit height from their parents
Supporting facts: sent1: height is an inherited characteristic sent2: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] height is an inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: offspring can inherit height from their parents
Question: Which are examples of inherited traits?
Answer: nose shape
Hypothesis: nose shape is a kind of inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent2: a nose is a part of a body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [AND] a nose is a part of a body [INFER] int1: nose shape is a kind of inherited characteristic
Question: Which trait does a puppy inherit from its parents?
Answer: fur color and pattern
Hypothesis: dogs will inherit the color and patter of their parents' fur
Supporting facts: sent1: the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic sent2: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring sent3: a dog is a kind of animal sent4: coloration means color and pattern sent5: animals produce offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring [AND] a dog is a kind of animal [AND] animals produce offspring [INFER] int1: dogs will inherit inherited characteristics from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the color of / coloration of fur is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: dogs will have the same coloration of fur as their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] coloration means color and pattern [INFER] int3: dogs will inherit the color and patter of their parents' fur
Question: Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?
Answer: fur color
Hypothesis: a baby chimpanzee will inherit fur color from its parents
Supporting facts: sent1: animals produce offspring sent2: fur color is a kind of inherited characteristic sent3: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring sent4: a chimpanzee is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] animals produce offspring [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring [AND] a chimpanzee is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: chimpanzees will inherit inherited characteristics from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fur color is a kind of inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: a baby chimpanzee will inherit fur color from its parents
Question: Which plant trait is inherited?
Answer: the shape of its leaves
Hypothesis: the shape of a plant's leaves is an inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent2: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a green plant [AND] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: the shape of a plant's leaves is an inherited characteristic
Question: What causes a person to have blue eyes?
Answer: receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent
Hypothesis: to have blue eyes requires receiving the recessive gene from each parent
Supporting facts: sent1: blue eye is a recessive trait in human sent2: receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have that recessive trait
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue eye is a recessive trait in human [AND] receiving the recessive gene for a trait from each parent causes the offspring to have that recessive trait [INFER] int1: to have blue eyes requires receiving the recessive gene from each parent
Question: Steven went to a farm and picked a bright red tomato from a broken branch on the plant. The tomato had a rotten spot with a worm inside of it. Instead of eating the tomato, Steven decided to plant the seeds and grow new tomato plants. Which characteristic of the tomato plant is inherited and could change over several generations?
Answer: color of the skin
Hypothesis: the color of the skin of a tomato can change over several generations
Supporting facts: sent1: a tomato plant is a kind of plant sent2: skin is usually a part of an organism sent3: inherited characteristics can change over several generations sent4: a plant is a kind of organism sent5: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is usually a part of an organism [AND] the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics [INFER] int1: the color of the skin of an organism is inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] a tomato plant is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int2: a tomato is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the color of the skin of a tomato is an inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] inherited characteristics can change over several generations [INFER] int4: the color of the skin of a tomato can change over several generations
Question: The Ohio state tree is the buckeye. Which of these is a trait that is inherited by the buckeye tree in the reproduction process?
Answer: change in leaf color during the autumn season
Hypothesis: the offspring of the buckeye trees will inherit the trait of changing color in the autumn season
Supporting facts: sent1: being deciduous is an inherited trait sent2: inherited trait is similar to inherited characteristic sent3: a buckeye tree is a kind of deciduous tree sent4: a deciduous tree 's leaves usually change color in the autumn season sent5: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being deciduous is an inherited trait [AND] inherited trait is similar to inherited characteristic [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is copied / is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int1: offspring will inherit the inherited trait of being deciduous from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a buckeye tree is a kind of deciduous tree [INFER] int2: the offspring of the buckeye tree will inherit the inherited trait of being deciduous from their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a deciduous tree 's leaves usually change color in the autumn season [INFER] int3: the offspring of the buckeye trees will inherit the trait of changing color in the autumn season
Question: Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices?
Answer: inherited characteristics
Hypothesis: a son can inherit the sound of voice from his father
Supporting facts: sent1: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic from parent to offspring sent2: a son is a kind of male offspring sent3: a father is a kind of male parent sent4: animals produce offspring sent5: a human is a kind of animal sent6: sound of voice is an inherited characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic from parent to offspring [AND] sound of voice is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int1: offspring can inherit the sound of voice from their parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] animals produce offspring [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: the offspring of a human can inherit the sound of voice from their parents [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a son is a kind of male offspring [AND] a father is a kind of male parent [INFER] int3: a son can inherit the sound of voice from his father
Question: How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?
Answer: sexual reproduction
Hypothesis: offspring can receive the ear shape, nose shape, and hair color from parents through sexaul reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: hair is usually a part of animals sent2: nose is a kind of body part sent3: ear is a kind of body part sent4: animals are organisms sent5: the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic sent6: the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics sent7: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent8: offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring [AND] offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction [INFER] int1: offspring receive genes for inherited characteristics from parents through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] ear is a kind of body part [AND] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: ear shape is a kind of inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] nose is a kind of body part [AND] the shape of body parts is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int3: nose shape is a kind of inherited characteristic [BECAUSE] animals are organisms [AND] the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics [INFER] int4: the colors of parts of an animal are inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] hair is usually a part of animals [INFER] int5: hair color is a kind of inherited characteristics [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: offspring can receive the ear shape, nose shape, and hair color from parents through sexaul reproduction
Question: An organism's traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent's offspring?
Answer: sperm or egg
Hypothesis: a mutation in sperm or egg of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring
Supporting facts: sent1: a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell sent2: an egg cell is a kind of sex cell sent3: a mutation in the sex cells of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sperm cell is a kind of sex cell [AND] an egg cell is a kind of sex cell [AND] a mutation in the sex cells of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring [INFER] int1: a mutation in sperm or egg of a parent can cause a new trait to appear in the parent 's offspring
Question: The cows in a rancher's herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?
Answer: information in the cows' chromosomes
Hypothesis: the trait of producing large quantities of milk is passed down through the information in the cow's chromosomes
Supporting facts: sent1: information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring sent2: producing large quantities of milk is an inherited trait for cows sent3: inherited trait is a kind of genetic trait sent4: cow is a kind of organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] information in an organism 's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to that organism 's offspring [AND] cow is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: information in a cow's chromosomes cause genetic traits to be passed down to the offspring [BECAUSE] producing large quantities of milk is an inherited trait for cows [AND] inherited trait is a kind of genetic trait [INFER] int2: producing large quantities of milk in a genetic trait for cows [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the trait of producing large quantities of milk is passed down through the information in the cow's chromosomes
Question: A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept?
Answer: selective breeding
Hypothesis: human breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size is an example of selective breeding
Supporting facts: sent1: selective breeding is when an organism receives selective genetic traits from its parents by human design sent2: human are breeding german shepherd dogs to other smaller dogs sent3: smaller dogs have genetic trait of smaller size
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] human are breeding german shepherd dogs to other smaller dogs [AND] smaller dogs have genetic trait of smaller size [INFER] int1: human are breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] selective breeding is when an organism receives selective genetic traits from its parents by human design [INFER] int2: human breeding german shepherd dogs with dogs with genetic trait of smaller size is an example of selective breeding
Question: Some animals are very rare. For example, there are very few Siberian tigers. If the only Siberian tigers left are female, what will most likely happen?
Answer: The females will not be able to produce more Siberian tigers, and they will die out.
Hypothesis: siberian tigers are likely to go extinct
Supporting facts: sent1: siberian tigers only have female tigers in the species sent2: if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct sent3: two females cannot usually reproduce with each other
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] siberian tigers only have female tigers in the species [AND] two females cannot usually reproduce with each other [INFER] int1: all the siberian tigers in the species cannot reproduce [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct [INFER] int2: siberian tigers are likely to go extinct
Question: Which of the following is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction?
Answer: There is greater genetic variety in offspring.
Hypothesis: sexual reproduction has a positive impact on the genetic variation in offspring comparing to asexual reproduction
Supporting facts: sent1: sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variatio in offspring sent2: genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an offspring 's survival sent3: asexual reproduction is not a source of genetic variation in offspring
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variatio in offspring [AND] genetic variation in offspring has a positive impact on an offspring 's survival [AND] asexual reproduction is not a source of genetic variation in offspring [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction has a positive impact on the genetic variation in offspring comparing to asexual reproduction
Question: Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
Answer: The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.
Hypothesis: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents
Supporting facts: sent1: reproduction produces / produce offspring sent2: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent3: genes are a kind of genetic material sent4: offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] reproduction produces / produce offspring [AND] sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction [INFER] int1: sexual reproduction produces offspring [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] genes are a kind of genetic material [AND] offspring receive genes from their parents through sexual reproduction [INFER] int2: sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents
Question: The male insects in a population are treated to prevent sperm production. Would this reduce this insect population?
Answer: Yes, because it would sharply decrease the reproduction rate.
Hypothesis: the population of the insects will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction sent2: sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg sent3: if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring sent4: the sperm production is prevented in male insects sent5: sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction sent6: as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sexual reproduction requires both sperm and egg [AND] if something required for a process is not produced then that process is prevented from occurring [AND] the sperm production is prevented in male insects [INFER] int1: the sexual reproduction process is prevented in the insects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] preventing reproduction decreases the rate of reproduction [AND] sexual reproduction is a kind of reproduction [INFER] int2: the reproduction rate in the insects will decrease [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the rate of reproduction decreases , the population will decrease [INFER] int3: the population of the insects will decrease
Question: Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants?
Answer: Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.
Hypothesis: a flower producing seeds is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants
Supporting facts: sent1: a flower produces seeds sent2: seeds are produced in the stage of pollination in plants reproduction sent3: pollination is the fertilization stage in plants reproduction sent4: fertilization is a stage in the sexual reproduction process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollination is the fertilization stage in plants reproduction [AND] fertilization is a stage in the sexual reproduction process [INFER] int1: pollination is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] seeds are produced in the stage of pollination in plants reproduction [INFER] int2: seeds are produced in the sexual reproduction process of plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a flower produces seeds [INFER] int3: a flower producing seeds is a stage in the sexual reproduction process of plants
Question: A son can inherit traits
Answer: from both his father and his mother
Hypothesis: a son will receive traits determined by the genes of his mother and the genes of his father
Supporting facts: sent1: genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing sent2: a son is a kind of male offspring sent3: offspring receives half of the genes from each parent sent4: a father is a kind of male parent sent5: a mother is a kind of female parent
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a son is a kind of male offspring [AND] offspring receives half of the genes from each parent [AND] a father is a kind of male parent [AND] a mother is a kind of female parent [INFER] int1: a son will receive half of the genes from his mother and his father [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing [INFER] int2: a son will receive traits determined by the genes of his mother and the genes of his father
Question: Which example shows a new substance being formed?
Answer: a candle burning
Hypothesis: a new substance is being formed in this process
Supporting facts: sent1: fire is a kind of chemical reaction sent2: chemical reactions cause new substances to form sent3: fire causes burning sent4: the candle is burning
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fire causes burning [AND] the candle is burning [INFER] int1: fire causes the candle to burn [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fire is a kind of chemical reaction [INFER] int2: the candle is undergoing a chemical reaction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] chemical reactions cause new substances to form [INFER] int3: a new substance is being formed in this process
Question: Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?
Answer: chemical
Hypothesis: the hammer has undergone a chemical change
Supporting facts: sent1: kim's hammer is flaky on the surface sent2: a hammer often is made of metal sent3: rust forming is a kind of chemical change sent4: when a metal rusts , that metal becomes flaky on the surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a hammer often is made of metal [AND] when a metal rusts , that metal becomes flaky on the surface [INFER] int1: when a hammer rusts, the hammer will becom flaky on the surface [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] kim's hammer is flaky on the surface [INFER] int2: the hammer has rusted [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] rust forming is a kind of chemical change [INFER] int3: the hammer has undergone a chemical change