ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which is an example of a decomposer?
Answer: a mushroom
Hypothesis: an example of a decomposer is a mushroom
Supporting facts: sent1: if something has the role of something else then that something is an example of that something else sent2: a mushroom is a kind of fungus sent3: in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a mushroom is a kind of fungus [AND] in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer [INFER] int1: in the food chain process mushrooms have the role of decomposer [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has the role of something else then that something is an example of that something else [INFER] int2: an example of a decomposer is a mushroom
Question: Food webs show feeding relationships among different types of organisms. Those organisms each have a specific niche. Which of the following best describes a function of decomposers in food webs?
Answer: to recycle nutrients into soil
Hypothesis: a function of decomposers is to recycle nutrients into the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent2: recylcing is a kind of function sent3: a decomposer performs decomposition
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] a decomposer performs decomposition [INFER] int1: a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms into the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] recylcing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of decomposers is to recycle nutrients into the soil
Question: How do decomposers obtain their food?
Answer: absorbing food from dead organisms
Hypothesis: decomposers obtain food by abosorbing food from dead organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: food contains nutrients for living things sent2: if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object sent3: dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers sent4: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] food contains nutrients for living things [AND] dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers [INFER] int1: dead organisms are the source of food for decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object [INFER] int2: decomposers obtain food from dead organisms [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int3: decomposers obtain food by abosorbing food from dead organisms
Question: Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as
Answer: decomposers
Hypothesis: a living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste can be classified as a decomposer
Supporting facts: sent1: a decomposer is a kind of living thing sent2: if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object sent3: eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent4: eating is a kind of method for consuming sent5: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent6: dead organisms are a kind of waste sent7: dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] dead organisms are a kind of waste [AND] dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers [INFER] int1: waste is a source of nutrients for decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object is a source of something for something else then that something else can obtain that something from that object [INFER] int2: decomposers obtain nutrients from waste [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] eating / digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [INFER] int3: decomposers obtain nutrients by eating waste [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] eating is a kind of method for consuming [INFER] int4: decomposers obtain nutrients by consuming waste [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a decomposer is a kind of living thing [INFER] int5: a decomposer is a kind of living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [INFER] int6: a living thing that obtains nutrients by consuming waste can be classified as a decomposer
Question: Which of the following is most responsible for the decay of dead organisms?
Answer: microorganisms
Hypothesis: microorganisms are resposible for the decay of dead organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent2: when something decays that something undergoes decomposition sent3: dead organisms decay sent4: if something cause something else to happen then that something is responsible for that something else sent5: a microorganism is a kind of decomposer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] when something decays that something undergoes decomposition [AND] dead organisms decay [INFER] int1: when dead organisms decay they undergo decomposition [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [INFER] int2: a decomposer causes dead organisms to decay [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a microorganism is a kind of decomposer [INFER] int3: microorganisms cause dead organisms to decay [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something cause something else to happen then that something is responsible for that something else [INFER] int4: microorganisms are resposible for the decay of dead organisms
Question: In a healthy forest, dead trees and limbs fall to the ground and decompose. Which of these statements best describes why decomposition is important to a forest ecosystem?
Answer: Nutrients are released when wood is broken down.
Hypothesis: when a decomposer breaks down wood, nutrients are relseased
Supporting facts: sent1: if a tree falls then that tree is dead sent2: a plant is a kind of organism sent3: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent4: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent5: when something is returned to a place that something is released to that place sent6: a tree is a kind of plant sent7: a tree contains wood
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [INFER] int1: a decomposer returns nutrients to the soil by breaking down those dead organisms [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int2: a tree is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a tree falls then that tree is dead [INFER] int3: a fallen tree is a kind of dead organism [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a tree contains wood [INFER] int4: wood is a part of a dead organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a decomposer returnes nutrients to the soil by breaking down wood [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] when something is returned to a place that something is released to that place [INFER] int6: when a decomposer breaks down wood, nutrients are relseased
Question: Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?
Answer: all the organisms in the ecosystem
Hypothesis: living things require bacteria and microorganisms to return nutrients to the environment
Supporting facts: sent1: soil is usually part of an environment sent2: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent3: a microorganism is a kind of decomposer sent4: a living thing requires nutrients for survival sent5: a bacterium is a kind of decomposer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microorganism is a kind of decomposer [AND] a bacterium is a kind of decomposer [INFER] int1: bacteria and microorganisms are kinds of decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int2: bacteria and microorganisms return nutrients from dead organisms to the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] soil is usually part of an environment [INFER] int3: bacteria and microorganisms return nutrients from dead organisms to the environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int4: living things require bacteria and microorganisms to return nutrients to the environment
Question: Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Answer: decomposers
Hypothesis: decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms into the environment
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent2: soil is usually part of an environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] soil is usually part of an environment [INFER] int1: decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms into the environment
Question: Vultures are scavengers that most likely help ecosystems by quickly consuming dead organisms and
Answer: slowing the spread of disease.
Hypothesis: scavengers help an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease
Supporting facts: sent1: eating something decreases the amount of that something sent2: dead organisms are a source of disease sent3: scavengers eat dead organisms sent4: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent5: an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms sent6: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent7: as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease sent8: disease has a negative impact on an organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eating something decreases the amount of that something [AND] scavengers eat dead organisms [INFER] int1: scavengers decrease the amount of dead organisms [BECAUSE] dead organisms are a source of disease [AND] as the amount of a source of something decreases , the amount of that something will decrease [INFER] int2: as the amount of dead organisms decreases, the amount of disease will decrease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: scavengers decrease the amount of disease [BECAUSE] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [AND] disease has a negative impact on an organism [INFER] int4: decreasing disease has a positive impact on organisms [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an ecosystem contains a large community of / large numbers of living organisms [INFER] int5: decreasing disease has a positive impact on an ecosystem [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: scavengers have a positive impact on an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] helping something has a positive impact on that something [INFER] int7: scavengers help an ecosystem by decreasing the amount of disease
Question: An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. Why are decomposers an important part of ecosystems?
Answer: They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.
Hypothesis: decomposers breaking down dead organisms to return nutrients to soil is important for an ecosystem
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant requires nutrients for survival sent2: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent3: plants are a part of an ecosystem sent4: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent5: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent6: soil provides nutrients for plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant requires nutrients for survival [AND] soil provides nutrients for plants [INFER] int1: plants require nutrients in soil for survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something [INFER] int2: nutrients in soil are important to plants [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] plants are a part of an ecosystem [INFER] int3: nutrients in soil are important for an ecosystem [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [INFER] int4: a decomposer breaks down dead organisms to return nutrients to soil [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: decomposers breaking down dead organisms to return nutrients to soil is important for an ecosystem
Question: Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?
Answer: decomposers
Hypothesis: compost relies on decomposers to work
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is a kind of process sent2: a microorganism is a kind of decomposer sent3: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent4: an organism is a source of organic material sent5: decomposers perform decomposition sent6: compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms sent7: if something performs a process then that process relies on that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [AND] an organism is a source of organic material [INFER] int1: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down organic material [BECAUSE] a microorganism is a kind of decomposer [AND] compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms [INFER] int2: compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by decomposers [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: compost is a solid waste in which decomposition occurs [BECAUSE] decomposition is a kind of process [AND] decomposers perform decomposition [AND] if something performs a process then that process relies on that something [INFER] int4: decomposition relies on decomposers [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: compost relies on decomposers to work
Question: In a forest community, trees produce leaves that can be eaten by deer. The leaves also fall to the forest floor during autumn. Fungi break the leaves down into nutrients that enter the soil. What is the decomposer in this forest community?
Answer: the fungi
Hypothesis: in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer
Supporting facts: sent1: fungi break down fallen leaves into nutrients that enter the soil sent2: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent3: if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead sent4: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms sent5: decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem sent6: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent7: a plant is a kind of organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a green plant [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: a leaf is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a leaf falls off of a tree then that leaf is dead [INFER] int2: a fallen leaf is a kind of dead organism [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fungi break down fallen leaves into nutrients that enter the soil [INFER] int3: fungi break down dead organisms into nutrients that enter the soil [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int4: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms into nutrients and returns them to the soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem [INFER] int5: decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process in which an organism breaks down dead organisms into nutrients and returns them to the soil [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer
Question: Which of the following best describes a role of mushrooms in ecosystems?
Answer: breaking down dead plant material
Hypothesis: the role of a mushroom is to break down dead plants
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem sent2: a mushroom is a kind of fungus sent3: in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer sent4: a plant is a kind of organism sent5: decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a mushroom is a kind of fungus [AND] in the food chain process fungi have the role of decomposer [INFER] int1: in the food chain process a mushroom has the role of decomposer [BECAUSE] decomposer is a kind of role in the food chain process / in an ecosystem [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms [INFER] int2: the role of a decomposer is to break down dead organisms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: the role of a mushroom is to break down dead organisms [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int4: the role of a mushroom is to break down dead plants
Question: Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?
Answer: by adding nitrogen
Hypothesis: decomposers make fertile soil by adding nitrogen to soil
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent2: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent3: if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place sent4: fertile soil is high in quality
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place [INFER] int1: decomposers add nitrogen to soil using decomposition [BECAUSE] high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen [AND] fertile soil is high in quality [INFER] int2: fertile soil is high in amount of nitrogen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: decomposers make fertile soil by adding nitrogen to soil
Question: Living things are classified as producers or consumers according to
Answer: how they obtain food
Hypothesis: producers and consumers are organisms that can be classified by how they obtain food
Supporting facts: sent1: a consumer is a kind of organism sent2: producing food is a kind of method for obtaining food sent3: eating other organisms is a kind of method for obtaining food sent4: a producer is a kind of organism sent5: classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type sent6: consumers eat other organisms sent7: a producer produces its own food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a producer is a kind of organism [AND] a producer produces its own food [INFER] int1: a producer is a kind of organism that produces its own food [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] producing food is a kind of method for obtaining food [INFER] int2: a producer is a kind of organism that obtains food by producing its own food [BECAUSE] a consumer is a kind of organism [AND] consumers eat other organisms [INFER] int3: a consumer is a kind of organisms that eats other organisms [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] eating other organisms is a kind of method for obtaining food [INFER] int4: a consumer is a kind of organism that obtains food by eating other organisms [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a producer is a kind of organism that obtains food by producing its own food and a consumer is kind of organism that obtains food by eating other organisms [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type [INFER] int6: producers and consumers are organisms that can be classified by how they obtain food
Question: When can producers make the most food?
Answer: summer, because there is more sunlight
Hypothesis: producers provide the most food during summer
Supporting facts: sent1: summer has the most sunlight sent2: if something is required by a living thing for a process then increasing that something will increase that living thing's ability to perform that process sent3: green plants are a kind of producer sent4: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent5: in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide / water / sunlight has the role of raw material sent6: if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide / water / sunlight has the role of raw material [AND] if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int1: sunlight is required for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] green plants are a kind of producer [AND] green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis [INFER] int2: producers provide food for themselves by performing photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: sunlight is required for producers to provide food [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something is required by a living thing for a process then increasing that something will increase that living thing's ability to perform that process [INFER] int4: increasing sunlight will increase a producer's ability to provide food [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] summer has the most sunlight [INFER] int5: producers provide the most food during summer
Question: Which living organism makes its own food using sunlight?
Answer: tree
Hypothesis: a tree uses sunlight to make food for itself
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent2: if something is required for a process then that something is used for that process sent3: a tree is a kind of plant sent4: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [AND] if something is required for a process then that something is used for that process [INFER] int1: a plant uses sunlight to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int2: a plant uses sunlight to make food for itself [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int3: a tree uses sunlight to make food for itself