ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?
Answer: The metal lid expanded under warm water.
Hypothesis: the lid is easier to open because the metal lid expands under the warm water
Supporting facts: sent1: if a material is heated , then the material will expand sent2: the water is warm sent3: if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm sent4: metal is a kind of material sent5: a metal lid is put under warm water sent6: if the lid of a container expands then that container will be easier to open sent7: a hot / warm something is a source of heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the water is warm [AND] a hot / warm something is a source of heat [INFER] int1: the warm water is a source of heat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a metal lid is put under warm water [INFER] int2: the metal lid is put under a source of heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if a thermal conductor / an object is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor / that object may become hot / warm [INFER] int3: the metal lid will become hot under the warm water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if a material is heated , then the material will expand [AND] metal is a kind of material [INFER] int4: the metal lid will expand under the warm water [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if the lid of a container expands then that container will be easier to open [INFER] int5: the lid is easier to open because the metal lid expands under the warm water
Question: A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules?
Answer: They move faster.
Hypothesis: the molecules in the gas will move faster
Supporting facts: sent1: substances are made of molecules sent2: a gas is heated and its temperature increases sent3: as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart sent4: gas is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] substances are made of molecules [AND] gas is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: a gas is made of its molecules [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a gas is heated and its temperature increases [AND] as the temperature of a substance increases , the molecules in that substance will move faster / farther apart [INFER] int2: the molecules in the gas will move faster
Question: In a copper wire, a temperature increase is the result of which of the following?
Answer: an increase in the motion of the copper particles
Hypothesis: as the temperature of the copper wire increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart
Supporting facts: sent1: as the temperature increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart sent2: a copper wire is a kind of matter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the temperature increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart [AND] a copper wire is a kind of matter [INFER] int1: as the temperature of the copper wire increases, the particles in the matter will move faster and farther apart
Question: Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion?
Answer: mass
Hypothesis: the mass of substance will stay the same during thermal expansion caused by increasing heat
Supporting facts: sent1: objects are made of substances sent2: increasing heat causes thermal expansion sent3: as the heat of an object increases , the mass of the object will stay the same
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] increasing heat causes thermal expansion [AND] as the heat of an object increases , the mass of the object will stay the same [INFER] int1: the mass of object will stay the same during thermal expansion caused by increasing heat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] objects are made of substances [INFER] int2: the mass of substance will stay the same during thermal expansion caused by increasing heat
Question: What do water, aluminum, redwood trees, and valley quail all have in common?
Answer: They are all made of atoms.
Hypothesis: water, redwood trees, aluminum, and valley quails are all made of atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: matters are made of atoms sent2: a redwood tree is a kind of object sent3: objects are made of matter sent4: water is a kind of object sent5: aluminum is a kind of object sent6: a valley quail is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] matters are made of atoms [AND] objects are made of matter [INFER] int1: objects are made of atoms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a redwood tree is a kind of object [AND] water is a kind of object [AND] aluminum is a kind of object [AND] a valley quail is a kind of object [INFER] int2: water, redwood trees, aluminum, and valley quails are all made of atoms
Question: Which of the following statements applies to all states of matter?
Answer: Matter is made up of particles called atoms.
Hypothesis: matter is made of particles called atoms
Supporting facts: sent1: matter is made of atoms sent2: atom is a kind of particle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] matter is made of atoms [AND] atom is a kind of particle [INFER] int1: matter is made of particles called atoms
Question: Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?
Answer: a protractor
Hypothesis: a protractor is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object
Supporting facts: sent1: a protractor is a kind of tool sent2: a protractor is used for measuring the angles of a triangular object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a protractor is a kind of tool [AND] a protractor is used for measuring the angles of a triangular object [INFER] int1: a protractor is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object
Question: Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?
Answer: balance
Hypothesis: the student can use balance to know the mass of each rock to compare them
Supporting facts: sent1: a balance is used for measuring mass / weight of an object / of a substance sent2: student is trying to compare the mass of two small rocks sent3: a rock is a kind of object sent4: mass is a property of objects / matter sent5: comparing a property of two objects requires knowing the property of each object sent6: a balance is a kind of instrument
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rock is a kind of object [AND] mass is a property of objects / matter [AND] comparing a property of two objects requires knowing the property of each object [INFER] int1: comparing the mass of two rocks requires knowing the mass of each rock [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] student is trying to compare the mass of two small rocks [INFER] int2: the student has to know the mass of each rock to compare them [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a balance is used for measuring mass / weight of an object / of a substance [AND] a balance is a kind of instrument [INFER] int3: the student can use balance to know the mass of each rock to compare them
Question: What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
Answer: Balance
Hypothesis: a balance is a kind of tool used for measuring the mass of an object
Supporting facts: sent1: a balance is a kind of tool sent2: a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a balance is a kind of tool [AND] a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object [INFER] int1: a balance is a kind of tool used for measuring the mass of an object
Question: Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
Answer: balance
Hypothesis: a balance is a kind of tool used for measuring the mass of an object
Supporting facts: sent1: a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object sent2: a balance is a kind of tool
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object [AND] a balance is a kind of tool [INFER] int1: a balance is a kind of tool used for measuring the mass of an object
Question: A student stands on a scale, and the scale reads 85 pounds. What is being measured by the scale?
Answer: the force of gravity acting on the student
Hypothesis: a scale is used for measuring the force of gravity acting on the student
Supporting facts: sent1: weight is the force of gravity acting on an object sent2: a student is a kind of object sent3: a scale is used for measuring weight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] weight is the force of gravity acting on an object [AND] a scale is used for measuring weight [INFER] int1: a scale is used for measuring the force of gravity acting on an object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a student is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a scale is used for measuring the force of gravity acting on the student
Question: A student has a liquid that does not mix with water. To predict whether the liquid will float on water or sink beneath it, which tools should be used to examine the liquid?
Answer: graduated cylinder and balance
Hypothesis: a graduated cylinder and balance can be used to predict whether a liquid will float on water or sink on water
Supporting facts: sent1: the density of a liquid can be calculated by dividing the mass over volume sent2: a graduated cylinder can measure a liquid's volume sent3: density can be used to predict whether a liquid will float on water or sink under water sent4: a balance can measure a liquid's mass
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the density of a liquid can be calculated by dividing the mass over volume [AND] a graduated cylinder can measure a liquid's volume [AND] a balance can measure a liquid's mass [INFER] int1: density can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] density can be used to predict whether a liquid will float on water or sink under water [INFER] int2: a graduated cylinder and balance can be used to predict whether a liquid will float on water or sink on water
Question: Which of the following would be most useful for calculating the density of a rock sample?
Answer: graduated cylinder and balance
Hypothesis: the density of a rock sample can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance
Supporting facts: sent1: density can be calculated by measuring the mass of an object divided by the volume of that object sent2: a rock sample is a kind of object sent3: a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume sent4: a balance is used to measure mass
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] density can be calculated by measuring the mass of an object divided by the volume of that object [AND] a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume [AND] a balance is used to measure mass [INFER] int1: the density of an object can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a rock sample is a kind of object [INFER] int2: the density of a rock sample can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance
Question: Paula determines a property of a marble using a balance and a graduated cylinder. What property is Paula most likely determining by using both tools?
Answer: density
Hypothesis: the density of a marble can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance
Supporting facts: sent1: a marble is a kind of object sent2: a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object sent3: a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object sent4: density can be calculated by measuring the mass of an object divided by the volume of that object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object [AND] a balance is used for measuring the mass of an object [AND] density can be calculated by measuring the mass of an object divided by the volume of that object [INFER] int1: the density of an object can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a marble is a kind of object [INFER] int2: the density of a marble can be measured using a graduated cylinder and a balance
Question: Which tool is used to determine how long it takes warm water to melt an ice cube?
Answer: a stopwatch
Hypothesis: a stopwatch can be used to measure how long it takes for melting to happen
Supporting facts: sent1: a process takes time to happen sent2: a stopwatch is used to measure time sent3: melting is a kind of process sent4: how long something takes to happen is a kind of measurement of time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a stopwatch is used to measure time [AND] how long something takes to happen is a kind of measurement of time [INFER] int1: a stopwatch can be used to measure how long something takes to happen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a process takes time to happen [INFER] int2: a stopwatch can be used to measure how long a process takes to happen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] melting is a kind of process [INFER] int3: a stopwatch can be used to measure how long it takes for melting to happen
Question: Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?
Answer: Stopwatch and meter stick
Hypothesis: the speed of a turtle can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch
Supporting facts: sent1: a stopwatch is used to measure time sent2: a turtle is a kind of object sent3: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time sent4: a meter stick is used to measure distance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a stopwatch is used to measure time [AND] speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time [AND] a meter stick is used to measure distance [INFER] int1: the speed of an object can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a turtle is a kind of object [INFER] int2: the speed of a turtle can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch
Question: Which objects are the most useful for collecting data on the speed of a toy car?
Answer: stopwatch, calculator, meter stick
Hypothesis: the speed of a car can be measured using a meter stick, stopwatch, and calculator
Supporting facts: sent1: a meter stick is used to measure distance sent2: a calculator is used for dividing sent3: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time sent4: a stopwatch is used for measuring time sent5: a toy car is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a meter stick is used to measure distance [AND] speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time [AND] a stopwatch is used for measuring time [INFER] int1: speed can be determined by measuring the distance with a meter stick and dividing that by the measurement of time from the stopwatch [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a calculator is used for dividing [INFER] int2: the speed of an object can be measured using a meter stick, stopwatch, and calculator [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a toy car is a kind of object [INFER] int3: the speed of a car can be measured using a meter stick, stopwatch, and calculator
Question: If a class wants to measure the speed of a bicycle during an outdoor lab exercise, which two devices would be most useful?
Answer: stopwatch and tape measure
Hypothesis: the speed of a bicycle can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch
Supporting facts: sent1: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time sent2: a bicycle is a kind of object sent3: a meter stick is used to measure distance sent4: a stopwatch is used to measure time
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time [AND] a meter stick is used to measure distance [AND] a stopwatch is used to measure time [INFER] int1: the speed of an object can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a bicycle is a kind of object [INFER] int2: the speed of a bicycle can be measured using a meter stick and a stopwatch
Question: While a sailor was out fishing, he got lost at sea. Which object would help him direct the boat back to shore?
Answer: Magnetic compass
Hypothesis: if a person is lost at sea, and shows the cardinal direction of the shore, then they can use a magnetic compass to direct themselves to the shore
Supporting facts: sent1: if a person needs to travel to a location, they need to direct themselves to that location sent2: the shore is a kind of location sent3: a magnetic compass is a kind of compass sent4: being lost at sea is a kind of being lost sent5: a compass is used for determining a person's cardinal direction sent6: if a person is lost, then they need to travel to a location sent7: if a person knows the cardinal direction of a location, and their own cardinal direction, then they can direct themselves to that location
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being lost at sea is a kind of being lost [AND] if a person is lost, then they need to travel to a location [INFER] int1: if a person is lost at sea, then they need to travel to a location [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a person needs to travel to a location, they need to direct themselves to that location [INFER] int2: if a person is lost at sea, they need to direct themselves to a location [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the shore is a kind of location [INFER] int3: if a person is lost at sea, they need to direct themselves to the shore [BECAUSE] the shore is a kind of location [AND] if a person knows the cardinal direction of a location, and their own cardinal direction, then they can direct themselves to that location [INFER] int4: if a person knows the cardinal direction of the shore, and their own cardinal direction, then they can direct themselves to the shore [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a compass is used for determining a person's cardinal direction [INFER] int5: if a person knows the cardinal direction of the shore, and uses a compass to determine their cardinal direction, then they can direct themselves to the shore [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a magnetic compass is a kind of compass [INFER] int6: if a person knows the cardinal direction of the shore, and uses a magnetic compass to determine their cardinal direction, then they can direct themselves to the shore [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: if a person is lost at sea, and shows the cardinal direction of the shore, then they can use a magnetic compass to direct themselves to the shore
Question: Which instrument should a student use to measure exactly 10 milliliters (mL) of water?
Answer: graduated cylinder
Hypothesis: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of water
Supporting facts: sent1: water is a kind of liquid sent2: a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of liquid [AND] a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid [INFER] int1: a graduated cylinder can be used to measure the volume of water
Question: Joel made some measurements and recorded this data: Sample 1 - 45 mL Sample 2 - 15 mL Sample 3 - 30 mL Sample 4 - 20 mL Which of these tools would most likely have been used to obtain these measurements?
Answer: graduated cylinder
Hypothesis: measuring milliliters requires a graduated cylinder
Supporting facts: sent1: if a unit for something is being measured, then it requires a measurement tool for measuring that something sent2: milliliters ml are a metric unit used for measuring volume sent3: a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a unit for something is being measured, then it requires a measurement tool for measuring that something [AND] milliliters ml are a metric unit used for measuring volume [INFER] int1: measuring milliliters requires a tool for measuring volume [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of an object [INFER] int2: measuring milliliters requires a graduated cylinder
Question: You wish to closely observe a small insect. Which tool is the best to use?
Answer: a magnifying glass
Hypothesis: magnify glass can be used to see insects by making insects appear bigger
Supporting facts: sent1: the insect is small in size sent2: magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger sent3: seeing small things is difficult
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the insect is small in size [AND] seeing small things is difficult [INFER] int1: seeing small insect is difficult [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger [INFER] int2: magnify glass can be used to see insects by making insects appear bigger
Question: A science class is taking a field trip to a forest to observe and study birds. Which tool would be most helpful for observing birds?
Answer: binoculars
Hypothesis: binoculars can be used to observe birds
Supporting facts: sent1: a bird is a kind of animal sent2: animals usually distance themselves from humans sent3: binoculars can be used to observe distant objects sent4: a living thing is a kind of object sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a bird is a kind of animal [AND] a living thing is a kind of object [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: a bird is a kind of object [BECAUSE] a bird is a kind of animal [AND] animals usually distance themselves from humans [INFER] int2: birds usually distance themselves from human [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: birds are distant objects [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] binoculars can be used to observe distant objects [INFER] int4: binoculars can be used to observe birds
Question: What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?
Answer: a hand lens
Hypothesis: a hand lens can be used to see a fingerprint
Supporting facts: sent1: seeing small things is difficult sent2: a fingerprint is small in size sent3: a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass sent4: magnifying makes seeing small things easier through using a magnifying glass
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] seeing small things is difficult [AND] a fingerprint is small in size [AND] magnifying makes seeing small things easier through using a magnifying glass [INFER] int1: using a magnifying glass can help make seeing a fingerprint easier [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass [INFER] int2: a hand lens can be used to see a fingerprint
Question: Which tool could be used to help someone count the number of ladybugs on a leaf?
Answer: hand lens
Hypothesis: a hand lens can help count the ladybugs
Supporting facts: sent1: seeing small things with bare eyes is difficult sent2: a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass sent3: a ladybug is a kind of insect sent4: an insect usually has a small size sent5: counting something usually requires seeing that something sent6: magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ladybug is a kind of insect [AND] an insect usually has a small size [INFER] int1: a ladybug is small in size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] seeing small things with bare eyes is difficult [INFER] int2: seeing a ladybug with bare eyes is difficult [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger [INFER] int3: magnifying glass can be used to see a ladybug by making it appear bigger [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass [INFER] int4: a hand lens can help seeing the ladybug by magnifying the ladybug [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] counting something usually requires seeing that something [INFER] int5: a hand lens can help count the ladybugs
Question: Which of these tools would be best to use when observing insects in a field?
Answer: hand lens
Hypothesis: a hand lens can help seeing the insect by magnifying the insect
Supporting facts: sent1: observing small things in an environment is difficult sent2: a field is a kind of environment sent3: magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger sent4: a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass sent5: an insect usually has a small size
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a field is a kind of environment [AND] an insect usually has a small size [INFER] int1: an insect in a field is an example of a small thing in an environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] observing small things in an environment is difficult [INFER] int2: observing an insect in a field is difficult [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger [INFER] int3: magnifying glass can be used to see an insect by making it appear bigger [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a hand lens is a kind of magnifying glass [INFER] int4: a hand lens can help seeing the insect by magnifying the insect