ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next?
Answer: The mercury passed through the food chain.
Hypothesis: mercury is passed through the food chain
Supporting facts: sent1: plankton live in bodies of water sent2: in the food chain process some types of plankton have the role of producer sent3: a factory dumped mercury into a bay sent4: microorganisms change mercury in a bay into a form that plankton can use sent5: an element is a kind of material sent6: a bay is a kind of body of water sent7: mercury is a kind of element sent8: producers pass materials they use through the food chain
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plankton live in bodies of water [AND] a bay is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: some plankton live in bays [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a factory dumped mercury into a bay [INFER] int2: mercury is dumped into a bay with plankton [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] microorganisms change mercury in a bay into a form that plankton can use [INFER] int3: mercury is changed into a form that plankton can use in a bay with plankton [BECAUSE] an element is a kind of material [AND] mercury is a kind of element [INFER] int4: mercury is a kind of material [BECAUSE] in the food chain process some types of plankton have the role of producer [AND] producers pass materials they use through the food chain [INFER] int5: plankton pass materials they use through the food chain [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: mercury is passed through the food chain
Question: Which of these activities is used to conserve water?
Answer: planting crops that survive in droughts
Hypothesis: planting crops that survive in droughts is a kind of activity that conserves water
Supporting facts: sent1: when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources sent2: drought is when available water decreases in an environment sent3: a plant is a kind of organism sent4: if a crop requires less water then that crop will survive in a drought sent5: planting crops is a kind of activity sent6: a organisms require water for survival / to grow sent7: water is a kind of natural resource sent8: crops are a kind of edible plant for eating
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] crops are a kind of edible plant for eating [INFER] int1: a crop is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] a organisms require water for survival / to grow [AND] water is a kind of natural resource [INFER] int2: water is a kind of natural resource that organisms require to survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources [INFER] int3: when water decreases in an environment, organisms have to conserve water to survive [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] drought is when available water decreases in an environment [INFER] int4: organisms have to conserve water to survive in a drought [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [AND] if a crop requires less water then that crop will survive in a drought [INFER] int5: crops that survive in droughts can conserve water [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] planting crops is a kind of activity [INFER] int6: planting crops that survive in droughts is a kind of activity that conserves water
Question: A student is investigating a light bulb that saves energy and can last up to 10 times longer than other bulbs. Other than saving energy, which is another benefit of using these light bulbs?
Answer: Less trash is put in landfills.
Hypothesis: a benefit of increasing the time that a lightbulb lasts is  decrease in the amount of trash discarded in landfills
Supporting facts: sent1: a light bulb is a kind of tool for seeing in the dark sent2: something that has a positive impact on something else is a kind of benefit sent3: if an object is discarded in a landfill then that object is trash sent4: to dispose of something can mean to discard something sent5: a light bulb is a kind of object sent6: humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage sent7: as the time a tool lasts increases , the number of tools discarded will decrease sent8: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent9: landfills have a negative impact on the environment sent10: if a human discards an object then that object will become waste
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light bulb is a kind of tool for seeing in the dark [AND] as the time a tool lasts increases , the number of tools discarded will decrease [INFER] int1: as the time a lightbulb lasts increases, the number of lightbulbs discarded will decrease [BECAUSE] to dispose of something can mean to discard something [AND] humans move waste to a landfill for disposal / storage [INFER] int2: humans discard waste in a landfill [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] landfills have a negative impact on the environment [INFER] int3: humans discarding waste in a landfill has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if a human discards an object then that object will become waste [INFER] int4: humans discarding objects in a landfill has a negative impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [INFER] int5: decreasing the number of objects discarded in landfills by humans has a positive impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] a light bulb is a kind of object [INFER] int6: decreasing the number of light bulbs discarded in landfills by humans has a positive impact on the environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: increasing the time that a lightbulb lasts has a positive impact on the environment by decreasing the number of light bulbs discarded in landfills [BECAUSE] if an object is discarded in a landfill then that object is trash [AND] a light bulb is a kind of object [INFER] int8: if a light bulb is discarded in a landfill then that lightbulb is trash [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: increasing the time that a lightbulb lasts has a positive impact on the environment by decreasing the amount of trash discarded in landfills [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] something that has a positive impact on something else is a kind of benefit [INFER] int10: a benefit of increasing the time that a lightbulb lasts is  decrease in the amount of trash discarded in landfills
Question: A family installs a new heating system in their home. Which is the most desirable result of the new heating system?
Answer: decreasing the amount of energy used
Hypothesis: a desirable result of a new heating system is decreasing the amount of energy used
Supporting facts: sent1: something positive is desirable sent2: as a system / device grows old , the amount of energy will used by the system / device will increase sent3: energy is a kind of resource sent4: old is the opposite of new sent5: using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource sent6: an impact is a kind of result sent7: a heating system is a kind of energy resource sent8: to use less of something means decreasing the use of something sent9: energy is used for heating a building by a heating system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as a system / device grows old , the amount of energy will used by the system / device will increase [AND] energy is used for heating a building by a heating system [INFER] int1: as a heating system grows old, the amount of energy used by that heating system will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] old is the opposite of new [INFER] int2: if a heating system is newer then the amount of energy used by that heating system will decrease [BECAUSE] something positive is desirable [AND] using less of a resource has a positive impact on the resource [INFER] int3: using less of a resource has a desirable impact on the resource [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an impact is a kind of result [INFER] int4: using less of a resource is a kind of desirable result for that resource [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] to use less of something means decreasing the use of something [INFER] int5: decreasing the use of a resource is a kind of desirable result for that resource [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] energy is a kind of resource [INFER] int6: decreasing the use of energy is a kind of desirable result for an energy resource [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int6 [AND] a heating system is a kind of energy resource [INFER] int7: a desirable result of a new heating system is decreasing the amount of energy used
Question: Which of these can be recycled in an attempt to conserve resources?
Answer: aluminum
Hypothesis: aluminum can be recycled
Supporting facts: sent1: recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times sent2: aluminum is recyclable
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] recyclable means a material can be recycled / reused many times [AND] aluminum is recyclable [INFER] int1: aluminum can be recycled
Question: Many scientists think that burning fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. What effect would the increase of carbon dioxide most likely have on the planet?
Answer: a warmer climate
Hypothesis: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the planet's climate will become warmer
Supporting facts: sent1: climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time sent2: temperature is a property of weather sent3: heat means temperature increase sent4: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent5: if something causes something else to increase, then increasing that something will cause that something else to increase sent6: the greenhouse effect is when carbon in the air heats a planet 's atmosphere sent7: the atmosphere is made of air sent8: carbon dioxide contains carbon
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] heat means temperature increase [AND] the greenhouse effect is when carbon in the air heats a planet 's atmosphere [INFER] int1: carbon in the air causes the temperature of a planet's atmosphere to increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else to increase, then increasing that something will cause that something else to increase [INFER] int2: as the amount of carbon in the air increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the atmosphere is made of air [INFER] int3: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] carbon dioxide contains carbon [INFER] int4: as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases , the temperature of the planet / the atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth [INFER] int5: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will become warmer [BECAUSE] climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time [AND] temperature is a property of weather [INFER] int6: temperature is a property of climate [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the planet's climate will become warmer
Question: The burning of fossil fuels has increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. What is a possible effect that the increased amount of carbon dioxide is likely to have on our planet?
Answer: A warmer climate
Hypothesis: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the planet's climate will become warmer
Supporting facts: sent1: the atmosphere is made of air sent2: warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth sent3: the greenhouse effect is when carbon in the air heats a planet 's atmosphere sent4: temperature is a property of weather sent5: carbon dioxide contains carbon sent6: if something causes something else to increase then increasing that something will cause that something else to increase sent7: climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time sent8: heat means increase in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the greenhouse effect is when carbon in the air heats a planet 's atmosphere [AND] heat means increase in temperature [INFER] int1: carbon in the air causes the temperature of the planet's atmosphere to increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something causes something else to increase then increasing that something will cause that something else to increase [INFER] int2: as the amount of carbon in the air increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the atmosphere is made of air [INFER] int3: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] carbon dioxide contains carbon [INFER] int4: as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases , the temperature of the planet / the atmosphere will increase [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] warmer means greater / higher in temperature / warmth [INFER] int5: as the amount of carbon dioxide in the air increases, the temperature of the planet's atmosphere will become warmer [BECAUSE] temperature is a property of weather [AND] climate is the usual kind of weather in a location over a period of time [INFER] int6: temperature is a property of climate [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: as the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, the planet's climate will become warmer
Question: Gasoline for cars is produced from fossil fuels. Using gasoline can most likely lead to which environmental problem?
Answer: global warming
Hypothesis: gasses released during the use of gasoline causes global warming
Supporting facts: sent1: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming sent2: oil is a source of gasoline sent3: oil is a kind of fossil fuel
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] oil is a source of gasoline [AND] oil is a kind of fossil fuel [INFER] int1: gasoline is kind of fossil fuel [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming [INFER] int2: gasses released during the use of gasoline causes global warming
Question: Many scientists theorize that global warming will melt the polar ice caps. What would most likely happen if the polar ice caps melted?
Answer: Ocean levels would increase.
Hypothesis: ice caps melting causes ocean water levels to rise
Supporting facts: sent1: amount of water in a body of water increases by ice caps melting sent2: an ocean is a kind of body of water sent3: as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will rise / increase especially at the edge of that body of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] amount of water in a body of water increases by ice caps melting [AND] as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will rise / increase especially at the edge of that body of water [INFER] int1: ice caps melting causes the water levels of bodies of water to rise [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an ocean is a kind of body of water [INFER] int2: ice caps melting causes ocean water levels to rise
Question: If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen?
Answer: Animal habitats will be destroyed.
Hypothesis: clearing a wooded area causes animal habitats to be destroyed
Supporting facts: sent1: a wooded area is a kind of forest sent2: an animal requires a habitat for survival sent3: a tree is a kind of habitat sent4: a wooded area contains lots of trees sent5: clearing an area is a kind of method for changing an area sent6: a forest is a kind of environment sent7: humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a wooded area is a kind of forest [AND] a forest is a kind of environment [INFER] int1: a wooded area is a kind of environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed [INFER] int2: humans changing a wooded area causes that wooded area to be destroyed [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] clearing an area is a kind of method for changing an area [INFER] int3: clearing a wooded area causes that wooded area to be destroyed [BECAUSE] an animal requires a habitat for survival [AND] a tree is a kind of habitat [INFER] int4: a tree is a kind of animal habitat [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a wooded area contains lots of trees [INFER] int5: a wooded area contains lots of animal habitats [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: clearing a wooded area causes animal habitats to be destroyed
Question: Some birds live in a forest. If many of the trees in the forest are cut down, the shelter for the birds will
Answer: decrease
Hypothesis: cutting down trees in a forest causes the shelter for birds in that forest to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest sent2: a tree is a source of shelter / food for birds / animals in an ecosystem
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest [AND] a tree is a source of shelter / food for birds / animals in an ecosystem [INFER] int1: cutting down trees in a forest causes the shelter for birds in that forest to decrease
Question: As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?
Answer: habitat loss
Hypothesis: humans moving to beach causes the population of sea turtles to decrease through habitats loss
Supporting facts: sent1: a beach is a kind of environment sent2: an animal requires a habitat for survival sent3: a sea turtle is a kind of animal sent4: if animals lose the thing they require to survive, their population will decrease sent5: sea turtle is a native species to the beach sent6: humans moving in an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a beach is a kind of environment [AND] humans moving in an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats [INFER] int1: humans moving to beach usually causes native species to lose their habitats [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sea turtle is a native species to the beach [INFER] int2: humans moving to beach usually causes sea turtles to lose their habitats [BECAUSE] an animal requires a habitat for survival [AND] a sea turtle is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: a sea turtle requires a habitat for survival [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: humans moving to beach causes sea tutles to lose habitats required by the sea turtles to survive [BECAUSE] a sea turtle is a kind of animal [AND] if animals lose the thing they require to survive, their population will decrease [INFER] int5: if sea turtles lose the thing they require to survive, their population will decrease [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: humans moving to beach causes the population of sea turtles to decrease through habitats loss
Question: Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem?
Answer: Building new homes in a wetland
Hypothesis: humans building homes in a wetland has a negative impact on a wetland and organisms living in the wetland
Supporting facts: sent1: humans changing ecosystems usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem sent2: humans building homes in an ecosystem causes that ecosystem to change sent3: a wetland is a kind of ecosystem
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans changing ecosystems usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem / organisms living in an ecosystem [AND] humans building homes in an ecosystem causes that ecosystem to change [INFER] int1: humans building homes in an ecosystem has a negative impact on an ecosystem and organisms living in the ecosystem [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a wetland is a kind of ecosystem [INFER] int2: humans building homes in a wetland has a negative impact on a wetland and organisms living in the wetland
Question: The snowshoe hare was once common in Maryland. In 1986, researchers in the state noted that the snowshoe hare was no longer found in Maryland. Which statement best explains why the snowshoe hare is no longer found in Maryland?
Answer: Housing developments have replaced fields.
Hypothesis: building house developments causes the snowshoe hare no longer to be found in the field
Supporting facts: sent1: a snowshoe hare is a kind of animal sent2: snowshoe hare lives in the field sent3: housing developments are build in a field sent4: building housing developments usually requires replacing animal habitats sent5: if the habitat of an animal is replaced, then that animal will not be found in that place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] building housing developments usually requires replacing animal habitats [AND] if the habitat of an animal is replaced, then that animal will not be found in that place [INFER] int1: building housing developments will cause the animal lives in that habitat no longer to be found [BECAUSE] a snowshoe hare is a kind of animal [AND] snowshoe hare lives in the field [INFER] int2: snowshoe hare is a kind of animal lives in the field [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] housing developments are build in a field [INFER] int3: building house developments causes the snowshoe hare no longer to be found in the field
Question: Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in
Answer: environmental pollution
Hypothesis: pesticides and fertilizers are source of pollution
Supporting facts: sent1: pesticides can cause pollution sent2: fertilizers are a source of pollution
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pesticides can cause pollution [AND] fertilizers are a source of pollution [INFER] int1: pesticides and fertilizers are source of pollution
Question: People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it
Answer: causes less pollution.
Hypothesis: electric cars will cause less pollution than regular cars
Supporting facts: sent1: electric cars use electricity as the main energy source sent2: regular cars use gasoline as an energy source sent3: electricity causes less pollution than gasoline
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electric cars use electricity as the main energy source [AND] regular cars use gasoline as an energy source [AND] electricity causes less pollution than gasoline [INFER] int1: electric cars will cause less pollution than regular cars
Question: Many states require vehicles to be examined and to meet safety and pollution standards. What impact might vehicle inspections have on the environment?
Answer: Fewer pollutants will be released by vehicles.
Hypothesis: the insepction of vehicles to meet pollution standards can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles
Supporting facts: sent1: a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles sent2: many vehicles emit pollution into the air sent3: a vehicle inspection is when a person examines a vehicle for pollution standards
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pollutions standard is a kind of standard for reducing pollutants emitted by vehicles [AND] many vehicles emit pollution into the air [INFER] int1: a pollution standard can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a vehicle inspection is when a person examines a vehicle for pollution standards [INFER] int2: the insepction of vehicles to meet pollution standards can help reduce pollutants emitted by vehicles
Question: In what way do transit systems, such as buses, benefit society?
Answer: by reducing the amount of pollution
Hypothesis: as the use of buses increases, the pollution caused by using automobiles will decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: as the use of public transportation increases , the use of automobiles decreases sent2: bus is a kind of public transportation sent3: the use of automobiles causes pollution to the environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the use of public transportation increases , the use of automobiles decreases [AND] bus is a kind of public transportation [INFER] int1: as the use of buses increases, the use of automobiles decreases [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the use of automobiles causes pollution to the environment [INFER] int2: as the use of buses increases, the pollution caused by using automobiles will decrease