ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Radio signal interruption sometimes causes a humming or buzzing sound. These sounds are most likely caused by
Answer: electromagnetic waves.
Hypothesis: electromagnetic waves cause a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves
Supporting facts: sent1: interruption of a radio signal is similar to distortion of a radio signal sent2: electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves sent3: interruption of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound sent4: radio signal is a kind of radio wave sent5: electromagnetic radiation is made of electromagnetic waves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] interruption of a radio signal is similar to distortion of a radio signal [AND] interruption of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound [INFER] int1: distortion of a radio signal causes a buzzing sound [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] radio signal is a kind of radio wave [INFER] int2: distortion of the radio waves causes a buzzing sound [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves [INFER] int3: electromagnetic radiation causes a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] electromagnetic radiation is made of electromagnetic waves [INFER] int4: electromagnetic waves cause a buzzing sound by distorting the frequency of the radio waves
Question: The action that results when waves made in a pond strike the edges and bounce back is known as
Answer: reflection.
Hypothesis: reflection of the waves will happen when the waves strike the edge of the pond
Supporting facts: sent1: a surface is a kind of object sent2: the waves in the pond strike the edge of the pond sent3: edge of a pond is a kind of surface sent4: reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence sent5: if something strikes an object then that something may bounce off of that object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a surface is a kind of object [AND] edge of a pond is a kind of surface [INFER] int1: edge of a pond is a kind of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the waves in the pond strike the edge of the pond [AND] if something strikes an object then that something may bounce off of that object [INFER] int2: the waves in the pond may bounce off the edge of the pond when they strike it [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] edge of a pond is a kind of surface [AND] reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface and travels in the opposite direction relative to the angle of incidence [INFER] int3: reflection of the waves will happen when the waves strike the edge of the pond
Question: Which of the following is a similarity 20 between x-ray waves and sound waves?
Answer: Both transfer energy.
Hypothesis: both sound waves and x-rays transfer energy
Supporting facts: sent1: sound waves transfer energy sent2: x-rays transfer energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound waves transfer energy [AND] x-rays transfer energy [INFER] int1: both sound waves and x-rays transfer energy
Question: When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?
Answer: Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave.
Hypothesis: transverse waves cause particles to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave
Supporting facts: sent1: transverse waves cause objects to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave sent2: a particle is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] transverse waves cause objects to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave [AND] a particle is a kind of object [INFER] int1: transverse waves cause particles to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave
Question: The best example of balanced forces is a
Answer: bus parked in a garage.
Hypothesis: a parked bus is an example of two balanced forces acting on the bus
Supporting facts: sent1: a bus is a kind of vehicle sent2: if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary sent3: if vehicle is parked then that vehicle is stationary sent4: a vehicle is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if two balanced forces act on an object in opposite directions then that object will remain stationary [AND] if vehicle is parked then that vehicle is stationary [AND] a vehicle is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a parked vehicle is an example of two balanced forces acting on the vehicle [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a bus is a kind of vehicle [INFER] int2: a parked bus is an example of two balanced forces acting on the bus
Question: Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?
Answer: blacktop
Hypothesis: a roller skate can be used on a blacktop surface
Supporting facts: sent1: wheels are a part of roller skates sent2: blacktop is made of asphalt concrete sent3: a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces sent4: a wheeled vehicle is a kind of vehicle with wheels sent5: a roller skate is a kind of vehicle sent6: asphalt has a smooth surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] wheels are a part of roller skates [AND] a roller skate is a kind of vehicle [INFER] int1: a roller skate is a kind of vehicle with wheels [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a wheeled vehicle is a kind of vehicle with wheels [INFER] int2: a roller skate is a kind of wheeled vehicle [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces [INFER] int3: a roller skate requires smooth surfaces [BECAUSE] blacktop is made of asphalt concrete [AND] asphalt has a smooth surface [INFER] int4: a blacktop has a smooth surface [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a roller skate can be used on a blacktop surface
Question: A car skids along the road and smoke appears to be coming from under the tires. The heat that produces the smoke is caused by
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: friction causes the tire to produce smoke
Supporting facts: sent1: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent2: a tire is a kind of object sent3: if the tire overheats, some chemical in the tire will vaporized sent4: skidding is when the tire of a vehicle slides on the road without rotating sent5: a surface is a part of an object sent6: a chemical is a kind of substance sent7: if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, the tire will overheat sent8: if somethings slides on something else then that something is moving against that something else sent9: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent10: a road is a kind of object sent11: vaporizing a substance causes smoke
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skidding is when the tire of a vehicle slides on the road without rotating [AND] if somethings slides on something else then that something is moving against that something else [INFER] int1: skidding is when the tire of a vehicle moves against the road without rotating [BECAUSE] a road is a kind of object [AND] a tire is a kind of object [INFER] int2: a tire and a road are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] a surface is a part of an object [INFER] int3: skidding causes friction between the tire and the road [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [INFER] int4: friction causes the temperature of the tire to increase [BECAUSE] if the tire overheats, some chemical in the tire will vaporized [AND] if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, the tire will overheat [INFER] int5: if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, some chemical in the tire will be vaporized [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: friction causes some chemicals in the tire to vaporize [BECAUSE] vaporizing a substance causes smoke [AND] a chemical is a kind of substance [INFER] int7: vaporizing a chemical causes smoke [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: friction causes the tire to produce smoke
Question: Otto pushed a toy car across a floor. The car traveled fast across the wood, but it slowed to a stop on the carpet. Which best explains what happened when the car reached the carpet?
Answer: Friction increased.
Hypothesis: the speed of the moving object on the carpet will be decreased more than the moving objects on the wood surface
Supporting facts: sent1: wood has a smooth surface sent2: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent3: as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more sent4: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent5: carpet has a rough surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [INFER] int1: as the roughness of a surface increases, friction on the moving object will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wood has a smooth surface [AND] carpet has a rough surface [INFER] int2: friction on the moving object increases when it is moving from the wood surface to the carpet surface [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more [INFER] int3: the speed of the moving object on the carpet will be decreased more than the moving objects on the wood surface
Question: What is the most reasonable explanation for why a toy car rolls farther on a wood floor than on a thick carpet?
Answer: The carpet has more resistance.
Hypothesis: the toy car will move slower on the carpet than on the wood
Supporting facts: sent1: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase sent2: a toy car is a kind of object sent3: as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower sent4: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent5: wood has a smooth surface sent6: carpet has a rough surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [INFER] int1: as the roughness of a surface increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] wood has a smooth surface [AND] carpet has a rough surface [INFER] int2: the resistance on the object to move on the carpet will be larger than on the wood [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a toy car is a kind of object [INFER] int3: the resistance on the toy car object to move on the carpet is larger than on the wood [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower [INFER] int4: the toy car will move slower on the carpet than on the wood
Question: A student sets a block at the top of a wooden ramp. The student pushes the block. As the block slides down the ramp, it slows down and then comes to a stop. What force causes the block to slow down?
Answer: the force of friction
Hypothesis: friction causes the speed of the block to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent2: a ramp is a kind of object sent3: sliding is a kind of moving sent4: a block is sliding down a ramp sent5: a block is a kind of object sent6: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ramp is a kind of object [AND] a block is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a block and a ramp are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sliding is a kind of moving [AND] a block is sliding down a ramp [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [INFER] int2: friction occurs between the block and the ramp [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [AND] a block is a kind of object [INFER] int3: friction causes the speed of the block to decrease
Question: Two pool (billiard) balls collide, causing each to move in a different direction. Eventually, both come to a stop. The most important factor in causing them to stop is
Answer: friction.
Hypothesis: friction will cause the speed of the pool balls to decrease
Supporting facts: sent1: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent2: pool balls are moving on the surface of the felt of the pool table sent3: a pool table is a kind of object sent4: a pool ball is a kind of object sent5: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pool balls are moving on the surface of the felt of the pool table [AND] a pool table is a kind of object [AND] a pool ball is a kind of object [AND] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [INFER] int1: friction will occur between the pool ball and the felt of the pool table [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] friction causes the speed of an object to decrease [AND] a pool ball is a kind of object [INFER] int2: friction will cause the speed of the pool balls to decrease
Question: One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?
Answer: oil
Hypothesis: oil can be used to decrease the heat among parts in the car engine produced by friction
Supporting facts: sent1: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent2: oil is used to decrease the friction among parts in the car engine sent3: heat means temperature increases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [AND] heat means temperature increases [INFER] int1: friction causes an object to heat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] oil is used to decrease the friction among parts in the car engine [INFER] int2: oil can be used to decrease the heat among parts in the car engine produced by friction
Question: Which material should be used on a bicycle ramp to increase friction?
Answer: rough paper
Hypothesis: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the friciton of the ramp
Supporting facts: sent1: ramp is a kind of surface sent2: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the roughness of the ramp sent3: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] ramp is a kind of surface [AND] as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase [INFER] int1: as roughness of the ramp increases, friction will increase [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the roughness of the ramp [INFER] int2: putting a rough paper on the ramp will increase the friciton of the ramp
Question: Paco throws a ball. What force pulls the ball down toward the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: a ball is a kind of object sent2: gravity pulls objects towards planets sent3: gravity is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity pulls objects towards planets [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: marble is a kind of object / material sent3: gravity is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] marble is a kind of object / material [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet
Question: Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes rocks to be pulled down on the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: a rock is a kind of object sent2: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent3: gravity is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a rock is a kind of object [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes rocks to be pulled down on the planet
Question: A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: gravity is a kind of force sent3: a ball is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: gravity is a kind of force sent3: a ball is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [AND] a ball is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: Which force causes a marble to sink to the bottom of a glass of water?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the marble to sink
Supporting facts: sent1: sinking means moving down sent2: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent3: gravity is a kind of force sent4: marble is a kind of object / material
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] gravity is a kind of force [AND] marble is a kind of object / material [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the marble to be pulled down on a planet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] sinking means moving down [INFER] int2: gravity is the force that causes the marble to sink
Question: A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that causes the pencial to be pulled down on a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity is a kind of force sent2: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent3: a pencil is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity is a kind of force [AND] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a pencil is a kind of object [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that causes the pencial to be pulled down on a planet
Question: The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's
Answer: mass
Hypothesis: the force of gravity depends on the mass of an object
Supporting facts: sent1: a decrease is a kind of change sent2: if something changes when something else changes, then that something depends on that something else sent3: as the mass of an object decreases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a decrease is a kind of change [AND] as the mass of an object decreases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease [INFER] int1: as the mass of an object changes, the force of gravity on that object will change [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something changes when something else changes, then that something depends on that something else [INFER] int2: the force of gravity depends on the mass of an object
Question: The gravitational force exerted by an object depends on its
Answer: mass.
Hypothesis: the gravitational force on an object depends on the mass of the object
Supporting facts: sent1: if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something sent2: the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something causes something else then that something else depends on that something [AND] the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object [INFER] int1: the gravitational force on an object depends on the mass of the object
Question: In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by
Answer: lift.
Hypothesis: flying a glider requires lift to oppose the weight of the glider
Supporting facts: sent1: flying an object requires lift to oppose the object 's weight sent2: a glider is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] flying an object requires lift to oppose the object 's weight [AND] a glider is a kind of object [INFER] int1: flying a glider requires lift to oppose the weight of the glider
Question: Which pair of items will repel each other?
Answer: a negatively-charged plastic strip and a negatively-charged piece of cloth
Hypothesis: the negatively-charged plastic strip and negatively-charged piece of cloth will repel each other
Supporting facts: sent1: there is a negatively-charged piece of cloth sent2: a cloth is a kind of object sent3: there is a negatively-charged plastic strip sent4: a plastic strip is a kind of object sent5: if two objects have the same electrical charge then those two objects will repel each other when they are close to each other sent6: charge is a property of an object and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cloth is a kind of object [AND] a plastic strip is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a cloth and a plastic strip are kinds of object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] there is a negatively-charged piece of cloth [AND] there is a negatively-charged plastic strip [AND] charge is a property of an object and includes ordered values of negatively-charged / neutral / positively-charged [INFER] int2: the piece of cloth and plastic strip have the same charge of negative charge [BECAUSE] a cloth is a kind of object [AND] a plastic strip is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a cloth and a plastic strip are kinds of object [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] if two objects have the same electrical charge then those two objects will repel each other when they are close to each other [INFER] int4: the negatively-charged plastic strip and negatively-charged piece of cloth will repel each other
Question: A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?
Answer: magnetic force
Hypothesis: the iron nail will attract another iron nail because the iron nail is magnetic
Supporting facts: sent1: a nail is a kind of object sent2: magnetic attraction pulls two objects together sent3: if battery in an electromagnet is active then the nail in the electromagnet will become magnetic sent4: the student connects the wire wrapping an iron nail to a battery
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if battery in an electromagnet is active then the nail in the electromagnet will become magnetic [AND] the student connects the wire wrapping an iron nail to a battery [INFER] int1: the iron nail will become magnetic [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a nail is a kind of object [AND] magnetic attraction pulls two objects together [INFER] int2: the iron nail will attract another iron nail because the iron nail is magnetic