ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer: summer
Hypothesis: northern hemisphere will have the most sunlight in summer
Supporting facts: sent1: if a place is in summer, then it will have the most sunlight sent2: the northern hemisphere is a kind of hemisphere of earth sent3: a hemisphere of earth is a kind of place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the northern hemisphere is a kind of hemisphere of earth [AND] a hemisphere of earth is a kind of place [INFER] int1: the northern hemisphere is a kind of place [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a place is in summer, then it will have the most sunlight [INFER] int2: northern hemisphere will have the most sunlight in summer
Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?
Answer: Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.
Hypothesis: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: the cause of something affects that something sent2: the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides sent3: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides sent4: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent5: the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases [AND] the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun [INFER] int1: the gravity pull from the moon on earth is greater than the sun on earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the cause of something affects that something [AND] the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides [AND] the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides [INFER] int2: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?
Answer: The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.
Hypothesis: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases sent2: the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun sent3: the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides sent4: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases [AND] the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun [INFER] int1: the gravity pull from the moon on earth is greater than the sun on earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides [AND] the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides [INFER] int2: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is
Answer: closer than the Sun.
Hypothesis: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun sent2: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides sent3: the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides sent4: as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the moon is the celestial object that is closer to the earth than the sun [AND] as distance from an object decreases , the pull of gravity on that object increases [INFER] int1: the gravity pull from the moon on earth is greater than the sun on earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides [AND] the gravitational pull of the sun on earth 's oceans causes the tides [INFER] int2: the gravitational pull of the moon on earth affects the tides more than the gravitational pull of the sun
Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?
Answer: the distance between stars in the Milky Way
Hypothesis: light year can be used to measure the distance between the stars in milky way
Supporting facts: sent1: the milky way is a kind of galaxy sent2: a galaxy is made of stars sent3: stars are located light years apart from each other sent4: light years ly are an astronomy unit used for measuring length / distance generally used for values between 1 and 27000000000
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] stars are located light years apart from each other [AND] light years ly are an astronomy unit used for measuring length / distance generally used for values between 1 and 27000000000 [INFER] int1: light year is used to measure the distance between stars [BECAUSE] the milky way is a kind of galaxy [AND] a galaxy is made of stars [INFER] int2: the milky way is made of stars [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: light year can be used to measure the distance between the stars in milky way
Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely
Answer: a comet.
Hypothesis: comet is likely an object that is mainly made of ice and orbitting the sun in an elliptical path
Supporting facts: sent1: comets orbit the sun in the solar system sent2: a comet is often made of ice sent3: comet orbits are elliptical
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] comets orbit the sun in the solar system [AND] comet orbits are elliptical [INFER] int1: comets orbit the sun in an elliptiacal path [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a comet is often made of ice [INFER] int2: comet is likely an object that is mainly made of ice and orbitting the sun in an elliptical path
Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?
Answer: shape
Hypothesis: galaxies can be classified by shape
Supporting facts: sent1: shape is a property of the appearance of an object sent2: a galaxy is a kind of celestial object sent3: classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] shape is a property of the appearance of an object [AND] classifying means grouping objects / materials by their properties [INFER] int1: shape can be used to classify objects [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a galaxy is a kind of celestial object [INFER] int2: galaxies can be classified by shape
Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon
Answer: revolves around a planet.
Hypothesis: the difference between the earth and the moon is that the moon revolves around a planet
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a kind of star sent2: the moon orbits the earth sent3: revolving around means orbiting sent4: the earth revolves around the sun sent5: earth is a kind of planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of star [AND] the earth revolves around the sun [INFER] int1: the earth revolves around a star [BECAUSE] the moon orbits the earth [AND] earth is a kind of planet [INFER] int2: the moon orbits a planet [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] revolving around means orbiting [INFER] int3: the moon revolves around a planet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the difference between the earth and the moon is that the moon revolves around a planet
Question: Which features can be found on the surface of both Earth and the Moon?
Answer: mountains
Hypothesis: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Supporting facts: sent1: the surface of the moon contains mountains sent2: the surface of the earth contains mountains
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the surface of the moon contains mountains [AND] the surface of the earth contains mountains [INFER] int1: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?
Answer: The four closest planets are more dense.
Hypothesis: the four planets closest to the sun are more dense than the four planets farthest from the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: a solid is more dense than a gas sent2: the four planets farthest from the sun are made of gas sent3: the four planets closest to the sun are made of rock sent4: a rock is usually a solid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the four planets closest to the sun are made of rock [AND] a rock is usually a solid [INFER] int1: the four planets closest to the sun are made of solids [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a solid is more dense than a gas [AND] the four planets farthest from the sun are made of gas [INFER] int2: the four planets closest to the sun are more dense than the four planets farthest from the sun
Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?
Answer: Earth
Hypothesis: earth is a celestial object located in the milky way galaxy
Supporting facts: sent1: earth is a kind of planet sent2: a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body sent3: earth is located in the milky way galaxy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth is a kind of planet [AND] a planet is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [INFER] int1: earth is a kind of celestial object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] earth is located in the milky way galaxy [INFER] int2: earth is a celestial object located in the milky way galaxy
Question: The Sun is classified as a star. Which characteristic identifies the Sun as a star?
Answer: The Sun produces light and energy in a nuclear reaction.
Hypothesis: the sun is a kind of star
Supporting facts: sent1: nuclear reactions are the source of the sun's energy sent2: the sun is a source of light energy called sunlight sent3: a star is a source of light / light energy through nuclear reactions sent4: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent5: the sun is a source of heat energy called sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a source of light energy called sunlight [AND] the sun is a source of heat energy called sunlight [INFER] int1: the sun is a source of light and heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int2: the sun produces light and heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] nuclear reactions are the source of the sun's energy [INFER] int3: the sun produces light and heat energy through nuclear reactions [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a star is a source of light / light energy through nuclear reactions [INFER] int4: the sun is a kind of star
Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?
Answer: chemical composition
Hypothesis: main-sequences stars have the same chemical composition
Supporting facts: sent1: main-sequences stars are a kind of star sent2: stars generally have the same chemical composition
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] main-sequences stars are a kind of star [AND] stars generally have the same chemical composition [INFER] int1: main-sequences stars have the same chemical composition
Question: Which best describes the Sun?
Answer: medium yellow dwarf
Hypothesis: the sun is a yellow dwarf with medium size
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf sent2: medium means average sent3: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [AND] the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy [INFER] int1: the sun is a yellow dwarf with average size [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] medium means average [INFER] int2: the sun is a yellow dwarf with medium size
Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are
Answer: cooler.
Hypothesis: red dwarf stars are cooler than the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: red dwarf stars are cooler in temperature than yellow dwarf stars sent2: the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] red dwarf stars are cooler in temperature than yellow dwarf stars [AND] the sun is a kind of yellow dwarf [INFER] int1: red dwarf stars are cooler than the sun
Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?
Answer: protons and neutrons
Hypothesis: protons and neutrons are involved in the nuclear fusion
Supporting facts: sent1: protons / neutrons are formed by nuclear fusion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] protons / neutrons are formed by nuclear fusion [INFER] int1: protons and neutrons are involved in the nuclear fusion
Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because
Answer: the moon has less gravity than Earth.
Hypothesis: an astronaut will weigh more on earth because the surface gravity on the moon is less than the surface gravity on the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens sent2: less is the opposite of more sent3: as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease sent4: an astronaut is a kind of object sent5: the earth has more mass than the moon sent6: surface gravity is a kind of force of gravity
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the mass of a celestial object decreases , the surface gravity of that celestial object weakens [AND] the earth has more mass than the moon [INFER] int1: the surface gravity on earth is greater than the surface gravity on the moon [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the force of gravity decreases , the weight of the object will decrease [AND] surface gravity is a kind of force of gravity [INFER] int2: objects on earth will weigh more than the objects on the moon because the surface gravity on earth is greater than on the moon [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] less is the opposite of more [AND] an astronaut is a kind of object [INFER] int3: an astronaut will weigh more on earth because the surface gravity on the moon is less than the surface gravity on the earth
Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?
Answer: What is on the surface of the Moon?
Hypothesis: a telescope can be used to observe what is on the surface of the moon
Supporting facts: sent1: a moon is a kind of celestial object / body sent2: detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope sent3: a telescope is used for observing moons sent4: what is on the surface of the moon is a kind of detailed observation
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a moon is a kind of celestial object / body [AND] what is on the surface of the moon is a kind of detailed observation [INFER] int1: what is on the surface of the moon is a kind of detailed observation of a celestial object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope [AND] a telescope is used for observing moons [INFER] int2: a telescope can be used to observe what is on the surface of the moon
Question: For a science activity, Mia had to draw a picture of the Moon each night. If Mia drew a new moon, what type of moon did Mia draw about one week later?
Answer: first quarter
Hypothesis: the first quarter phase of the moon will occur one week after the new moon
Supporting facts: sent1: a different moon phase occurs approximately once per week sent2: the first quarter phase of the moon occurs after the new moon
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a different moon phase occurs approximately once per week [AND] the first quarter phase of the moon occurs after the new moon [INFER] int1: the first quarter phase of the moon will occur one week after the new moon
Question: Which phase of the Moon occurs after a waxing gibbous?
Answer: full moon
Hypothesis: a full moon is the moon phase that occurs after a waxing gibbous
Supporting facts: sent1: a waxing gibbous is a kind of phase of the moon sent2: a full moon occurs after a waxing gibbous moon sent3: a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a waxing gibbous is a kind of phase of the moon [AND] a full moon occurs after a waxing gibbous moon [AND] a full moon is a kind of phase of the moon [INFER] int1: a full moon is the moon phase that occurs after a waxing gibbous
Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?
Answer: Earth's gravity
Hypothesis: gravity causes the moon to orbit the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: moons orbit planets sent2: gravity causes orbits sent3: the moon is a kind of moon sent4: earth is a kind of planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moons orbit planets [AND] the moon is a kind of moon [AND] earth is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: the moon orbits the earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] gravity causes orbits [INFER] int2: gravity causes the moon to orbit the earth
Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is
Answer: gravity.
Hypothesis: gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes orbits sent2: planets in the solar system orbit the sun
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes orbits [AND] planets in the solar system orbit the sun [INFER] int1: gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?
Answer: gravitational
Hypothesis: gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes orbits sent2: planets in the solar system orbit the sun
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes orbits [AND] planets in the solar system orbit the sun [INFER] int1: gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?
Answer: gravitational pull of the Sun
Hypothesis: gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Supporting facts: sent1: planets in the solar system orbit the sun sent2: gravity causes orbits
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] planets in the solar system orbit the sun [AND] gravity causes orbits [INFER] int1: gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun
Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?
Answer: the Sun
Hypothesis: the sun is made of gases, hot in temperature, and the largest celestial body in the solar system
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a kind of star sent2: a star is made of gases sent3: a star is very hot in temperature sent4: the sun is the largest celestial body in the solar system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a star is made of gases [AND] a star is very hot in temperature [INFER] int1: a star is made of gases and hot in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the sun is a kind of star [INFER] int2: the sun is made of gases and hot in temperature [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the sun is the largest celestial body in the solar system [INFER] int3: the sun is made of gases, hot in temperature, and the largest celestial body in the solar system
Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?
Answer: to help astronauts breathe in outer space
Hypothesis: an astronaut requires the oxygen in a spacesuit backpack to breathe
Supporting facts: sent1: space is a vacuum sent2: a human is a kind of animal sent3: an astronaut is a kind of human sent4: an animal requires oxygen to breathe sent5: vaccum does not contain oxygen sent6: spacesuit backpacks contain oxygen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] space is a vacuum [AND] vaccum does not contain oxygen [INFER] int1: there is no oxygen in space [BECAUSE] a human is a kind of animal [AND] an astronaut is a kind of human [INFER] int2: an astronaut is a kind of animal [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an animal requires oxygen to breathe [INFER] int3: an astronaut requires oxygen to breathe [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [AND] spacesuit backpacks contain oxygen [INFER] int4: an astronaut requires the oxygen in a spacesuit backpack to breathe
Question: Which change makes a structure on Earth's surface?
Answer: A volcano makes new land with lava.
Hypothesis: volcanoes erupting changes earth's surface by forming a new land
Supporting facts: sent1: the formation of a new land is a kind of change on earth's surface sent2: new land can be formed by volcanoes erupting by lava cooling
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the formation of a new land is a kind of change on earth's surface [AND] new land can be formed by volcanoes erupting by lava cooling [INFER] int1: volcanoes erupting changes earth's surface by forming a new land
Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?
Answer: precipitation and infiltration
Hypothesis: precipitation and infiltration in the water cycle are responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves
Supporting facts: sent1: precipitation is a stage in the water cycle process sent2: sinkholes and caves are formed by precipitation and infiltration sent3: infiltration is a stage in the water cycle process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] precipitation is a stage in the water cycle process [AND] sinkholes and caves are formed by precipitation and infiltration [AND] infiltration is a stage in the water cycle process [INFER] int1: precipitation and infiltration in the water cycle are responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves
Question: All of the following can become fossils except
Answer: rocks.
Hypothesis: rocks cannot form fossils
Supporting facts: sent1: rock is a kind of nonliving thing sent2: fossils are formed by the remains of living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rock is a kind of nonliving thing [AND] fossils are formed by the remains of living things [INFER] int1: rocks cannot form fossils
Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.
Answer: rock
Hypothesis: an example of a fossil is a paw print in a rock
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of a fossil is a footprint in a rock sent2: a paw print is a kind of footprint
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of a fossil is a footprint in a rock [AND] a paw print is a kind of footprint [INFER] int1: an example of a fossil is a paw print in a rock
Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?
Answer: radioactive dating
Hypothesis: radioactive dating can help draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time by determing the age of fossils
Supporting facts: sent1: radioactive dating is used to determine the age of fossils sent2: conclusions can be drawn about changes in organisms over time by determining the age of fossils of those organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] radioactive dating is used to determine the age of fossils [AND] conclusions can be drawn about changes in organisms over time by determining the age of fossils of those organisms [INFER] int1: radioactive dating can help draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time by determing the age of fossils
Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?
Answer: fossils of fish
Hypothesis: the land used to be covered by water in the past
Supporting facts: sent1: fossils of fish are found on the land sent2: if fossils of an aquatic animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past sent3: a land is a kind of place sent4: a fish is a kind of aquatic animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if fossils of an aquatic animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [AND] a fish is a kind of aquatic animal [INFER] int1: if fossils of fish are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fossils of fish are found on the land [AND] a land is a kind of place [INFER] int2: the land used to be covered by water in the past