ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?
Answer: leaves
Hypothesis: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: leaves are usually broad and flat sent2: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis sent3: objects that are more exposed to sunlight are ideal for absorbing sunlight sent4: objects that are large and flat have a large surface area sent5: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent6: a large surface area is more exposed to sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] leaves are usually broad and flat [AND] objects that are large and flat have a large surface area [INFER] int1: leaves usually have a large surface area [BECAUSE] objects that are more exposed to sunlight are ideal for absorbing sunlight [AND] a large surface area is more exposed to sunlight [INFER] int2: objects with a large surface area are ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: leaves are ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a leaf is a part of a green plant [INFER] int4: a leaf is a part of a green plant that is ideal for absorbing sunlight [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [INFER] int5: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?
Answer: plants taking in carbon dioxide
Hypothesis: taking in carbon dioxide is a step in the photosynthesis process
Supporting facts: sent1: taking something in is a kind of method for obtaining that something sent2: if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process sent3: in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide has the role of raw material sent4: if something is required in a process then obtaining that something is a step in that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process [AND] in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide has the role of raw material [INFER] int1: carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] taking something in is a kind of method for obtaining that something [AND] if something is required in a process then obtaining that something is a step in that process [INFER] int2: if something is required in a process then taking that something in is a step in that process [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: taking in carbon dioxide is a step in the photosynthesis process
Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?
Answer: photosynthesis
Hypothesis: photosynthesis is a kind of process that uses carbon in the air to make food for plants
Supporting facts: sent1: if a process converts something into something else then that something is used in that process sent2: carbon dioxide contains carbon sent3: photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process sent4: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent5: carbon dioxide can be found in the air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a process converts something into something else then that something is used in that process [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int1: photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to make food for a plant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] carbon dioxide can be found in the air [INFER] int2: photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the air to make food for a plant [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] carbon dioxide contains carbon [INFER] int3: photosynthesis uses carbon from the air to make food for a plant [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process [INFER] int4: photosynthesis is a kind of process that uses carbon in the air to make food for plants
Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce
Answer: sugar.
Hypothesis: a leaf uses chlorophyll to produce sugar
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent2: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent3: chlorophyll is used for absorbing light energy by plants sent4: most chloroplasts are found in the leaves of a plant sent5: if something is found in something else then that something is a part of that something else sent6: in order to use something you must first obtain that something sent7: sunlight is a kind of light sent8: if a thing converts something into something else then that thing uses that something to produce that something else sent9: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent10: chlorophyll is a part of chloroplasts
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: a leaf converts carbon dioxide, water, and light into carbohydrates [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a thing converts something into something else then that thing uses that something to produce that something else [INFER] int2: a leaf uses light to produce carbohydrates [BECAUSE] in order to use something you must first obtain that something [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int3: in order to use something you can first absorb that something [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a leaf absorbs light to produce carbohydrates [BECAUSE] most chloroplasts are found in the leaves of a plant [AND] if something is found in something else then that something is a part of that something else [INFER] int5: most chloroplasts are a part of leaves of a plant [BECAUSE] chlorophyll is a part of chloroplasts [AND] chlorophyll is used for absorbing light energy by plants [INFER] int6: chlorophyll is a part of chloroplasts used for absorbing light energy by plants [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: chlorophyll are a part of leaves that are used for absorbing light energy [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: a leaf uses chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int9: a leaf uses chlorophyll to produce sugar
Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?
Answer: Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.
Hypothesis: photosynthesis means producers / green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is converted into something else then that something is turned into that something else sent2: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent3: carbohydrates are made of sugars
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int1: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into sugar and food and oxygen for themselves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is converted into something else then that something is turned into that something else [INFER] int2: photosynthesis means producers / green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen
Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of
Answer: photosynthesis.
Hypothesis: sugars and oxygen are products of photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent2: if a process converts something into something else then that something else is produced by that process sent3: products are produced sent4: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent5: photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [AND] carbohydrates are made of sugars [INFER] int1: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into sugars and food and oxygen for themselves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a process converts something into something else then that something else is produced by that process [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process [INFER] int2: sugars and oxygen are produced by photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] products are produced [INFER] int3: sugars and oxygen are products of photosynthesis
Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?
Answer: carbon dioxide
Hypothesis: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that can be found in the atmosphere and is used by producers to make food
Supporting facts: sent1: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas sent2: if something is made up of something else then that something else can be found in that something sent3: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent4: in order for a thing to provide something that thing must make that something sent5: to perform a process can mean to use a process sent6: green plants are a kind of producer sent7: the earth 's atmosphere is made of 036 percent carbon dioxide by volume sent8: if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process sent9: in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide has the role of raw material
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is made up of something else then that something else can be found in that something [AND] the earth 's atmosphere is made of 036 percent carbon dioxide by volume [INFER] int1: carbon dioxide can be found in earth's atmosphere [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] carbon dioxide is a kind of gas [INFER] int2: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that can be found in earth's atmosphere [BECAUSE] green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis [AND] to perform a process can mean to use a process [INFER] int3: green plants use photosynthesis to provide food for themselves / animals / consumers [BECAUSE] int3 [INFER] int4: green plants use photosynthesis to make food [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] in order for a thing to provide something that thing must make that something [AND] green plants are a kind of producer [INFER] int5: some producers use photosynthesis to make food [BECAUSE] if something is a raw material in a process then that something is required for that process [AND] in the photosynthesis process carbon dioxide has the role of raw material [INFER] int6: photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: some producers use carbon dioxide to make food [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that can be found in the atmosphere and is used by producers to make food
Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?
Answer: nectar
Hypothesis: nectar is used for attracting pollinators by plants
Supporting facts: sent1: some insects eat nectar sent2: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent3: a flower is a part of a plant for attracting pollinators / producing seeds sent4: some birds eat nectar sent5: an insect is a pollinating animal sent6: a bird is a pollinating animal sent7: a flower is a source of nectar
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] some insects eat nectar [AND] an insect is a pollinating animal [INFER] int1: some insects are pollinating animals that eat nectar [BECAUSE] some birds eat nectar [AND] a bird is a pollinating animal [INFER] int2: some birds are pollinating animals that eat nectar [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: some pollinating animals eat nectar [BECAUSE] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [AND] a flower is a source of nectar [INFER] int4: a flower produces nectar [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a flower is a part of a plant for attracting pollinators / producing seeds [INFER] int5: a flower is a part of a plant for attracting pollinators that produces nectar [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: nectar is used for attracting pollinators by plants
Question: A main function of a plant's seed is to
Answer: store food to be used during early development
Hypothesis: a seed stores food to use during early development
Supporting facts: sent1: a new plant undergoes early development sent2: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent3: a seed is used for storing food for a new plant sent4: to grow can mean to develop sent5: food contains nutrients for living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int1: a plant requires food to grow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] to grow can mean to develop [INFER] int2: a plant requires food for development [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a new plant undergoes early development [INFER] int3: a new plant requires food for early development [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a seed is used for storing food for a new plant [INFER] int4: a seed stores food to use during early development
Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by
Answer: wind, water, and insects.
Hypothesis: insects / wind / water help pollination
Supporting facts: sent1: pollination is when pollinating animals / wind / water carry pollen from one flower to another flower sent2: if something is a part of a process then that something is required for that process sent3: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent4: if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process sent5: an insect is a pollinating animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollination is when pollinating animals / wind / water carry pollen from one flower to another flower [AND] an insect is a pollinating animal [INFER] int1: pollination is when insects / wind / water carry pollen from one flower to another [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is a part of a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int2: insects / wind / water carrying pollen is required for pollination [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something is required for a process then that something positively impacts that process [INFER] int3: insects / wind / water have a positive impact on pollination by carrying pollen [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] helping something has a positive impact on that something [INFER] int4: insects / wind / water help pollination
Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?
Answer: The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.
Hypothesis: an blue jay hiding / gathering acorns has a positive impact on an oak tree by spreading those acorns to a new environment
Supporting facts: sent1: an acorn is a kind of seed sent2: an example of seed dispersal is is an animal hiding / gathering / burying seeds sent3: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent4: a bird is a kind of animal sent5: a blue jay is a kind of bird sent6: an oak is a kind of tree sent7: plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction sent8: a tree is a kind of plant sent9: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [AND] plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction [INFER] int1: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an example of seed dispersal is is an animal hiding / gathering / burying seeds [INFER] int2: an animal hiding / gathering seeds has a positive impact on a plant by causing seed dispersal [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment [INFER] int3: an animal hiding / gathering seeds has a positive impact on a plant by spreading those seeds to a new environment [BECAUSE] an oak is a kind of tree [AND] a tree is a kind of plant [INFER] int4: an oak tree is a kind of plant [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an animal hiding / gathering seeds has a positive impact on an oak tree by spreading those seeds to a new environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] an acorn is a kind of seed [INFER] int6: an animal hiding / gathering acorns has a positive impact on an oak tree by spreading those acorns to a new environment [BECAUSE] a bird is a kind of animal [AND] a blue jay is a kind of bird [INFER] int7: a blue jay is a kind of animal [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: an blue jay hiding / gathering acorns has a positive impact on an oak tree by spreading those acorns to a new environment
Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?
Answer: Their seeds are spread around.
Hypothesis: bears eating berries that contain seeds has a positive impact on plants by spreading those seeds
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of seed dispersal is animals eating / excreting seeds sent2: seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment sent3: bears eat berries / insects / animals sent4: plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction sent5: a berry contains seeds sent6: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plant requires seed dispersal for reproduction [AND] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [INFER] int1: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant / a plant 's reproduction [BECAUSE] bears eat berries / insects / animals [AND] a berry contains seeds [INFER] int2: bears eat berries that contain seeds [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an example of seed dispersal is animals eating / excreting seeds [INFER] int3: an example of seed dispersal is bears eating berries that contain seeds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: bears eating berries that contain seeds has a positive impact on plants by causing seed dispesal [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are moved / are carried / are spread / are dropped / from the parent plant to another area / new environment [INFER] int5: bears eating berries that contain seeds has a positive impact on plants by spreading those seeds
Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?
Answer: root
Hypothesis: roots absorb minerals from the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant sent2: absorbing something is a kind of process sent3: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent4: some minerals are nutrients
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing something is a kind of process [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [INFER] int1: if something is a vehicle for absorbing something else then that something absorbs that something else [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water and nutrients from soil into the plant [INFER] int2: roots absorb nutrients from the soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int3: roots absorb minerals from the soil
Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to
Answer: take in water
Hypothesis: a function of roots is to take in water
Supporting facts: sent1: absorbing is a kind of function sent2: roots are a vehicle for absorbing water from soil into the plant sent3: if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process sent4: absorbing water from soil is a kind of process sent5: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] roots are a vehicle for absorbing water from soil into the plant [AND] if something is a vehicle for a process then that something performs that process [AND] absorbing water from soil is a kind of process [INFER] int1: roots absorb water from soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] absorbing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a function of roots is to absorb water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something [INFER] int3: a function of roots is to take in water
Question: The main function of a tree's trunk is to provide
Answer: support
Hypothesis: a function of a tree's trunk is to provide support
Supporting facts: sent1: a trunk is a part of a tree for supporting the tree sent2: providing support is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a trunk is a part of a tree for supporting the tree [AND] providing support is a kind of function [INFER] int1: a function of a tree's trunk is to provide support
Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?
Answer: down from the needles to the roots
Hypothesis: sugars are transported from the needles to the roots of a pine tree
Supporting facts: sent1: a needle is a part of a pine tree sent2: special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant sent3: if a process converts something into something else then that process is a source of that something else sent4: a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange sent5: roots are a part of a plant / tree sent6: things usually travel from a source of that thing to other areas sent7: a needle is a kind of leaf sent8: carbohydrates are made of sugars sent9: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] carbohydrates are made of sugars [AND] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [INFER] int1: photosynthesis means green plants convert carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into sugars and food and oxygen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a process converts something into something else then that process is a source of that something else [INFER] int2: photosynthesis is a source of sugars [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a leaf performs photosynthesis / gas exchange [INFER] int3: a leaf is a source of sugars [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] things usually travel from a source of that thing to other areas [INFER] int4: sugars travel from leaves to other areas [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] special tissues in plants transport food / water / minerals throughout the plant [INFER] int5: sugars are transported from leaves to other parts of a plant [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] roots are a part of a plant / tree [INFER] int6: sugars are transported from the leaves to the roots of a plant [BECAUSE] a needle is a part of a pine tree [AND] a needle is a kind of leaf [INFER] int7: a needle is a kind of leaf that is a part of a pine tree [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: sugars are transported from the needles to the roots of a pine tree
Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?
Answer: They both are able to grow.
Hypothesis: grass and a cow both have the ability to grow
Supporting facts: sent1: all living things grow sent2: a cow is a kind of animal sent3: the ability to grow is a kind of trait sent4: a plant is a kind of living thing sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing sent6: grass is a kind of green plant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of living thing [AND] grass is a kind of green plant [INFER] int1: grass is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] a cow is a kind of animal [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int2: a cow is a kind of living thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: grass and a cow are both living things [BECAUSE] all living things grow [AND] the ability to grow is a kind of trait [INFER] int4: all living things have the ability to grow [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: grass and a cow both have the ability to grow