ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which animals would most likely be helped by flood in a coastal area?
Answer: alligators
Hypothesis: a flood has a positive impact on alligators
Supporting facts: sent1: if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent2: to receive something means to have an increase in that something sent3: an aquatic animal / aquatic plant requires great amounts of water to survive / thrive sent4: an alligator is a kind of aquatic animal sent5: when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival [AND] an aquatic animal / aquatic plant requires great amounts of water to survive / thrive [INFER] int1: an increase in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an alligator is a kind of aquatic animal [INFER] int2: an increase in water has a positive impact on alligators [BECAUSE] to receive something means to have an increase in that something [AND] when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs [INFER] int3: a flood is caused by an increase in water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a flood has a positive impact on alligators
Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms
Answer: obtain energy
Hypothesis: some examples of obtaining energy are a frog eating flies and a green plant absorbing light
Supporting facts: sent1: getting something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent2: a green plant absorbs light sent3: light is a kind of energy sent4: a frog eats flies sent5: absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something sent6: eating food is used to get energy by animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a frog eats flies [AND] eating food is used to get energy by animals [INFER] int1: a frog gets energy by eating flies [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] getting something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int2: an example of something obtaining energy is a frog eating flies [BECAUSE] a green plant absorbs light [AND] light is a kind of energy [INFER] int3: a green plant absorbs energy by absorbing light [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for obtaining something [INFER] int4: an example of something obtaining energy is a green plant absorbing light [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: some examples of obtaining energy are a frog eating flies and a green plant absorbing light
Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?
Answer: It does not store energy or nutrients.
Hypothesis: if something does not have the ability to store nutrients and energy then that something is not food
Supporting facts: sent1: if something does not have the properties of something else then that something is not that something else sent2: to contain something can mean to store something sent3: if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else sent4: food is a source of energy for living things sent5: the ability to store something is a kind of property sent6: food contains nutrients for living things
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a source of something else then that something usually contains that something else [AND] food is a source of energy for living things [INFER] int1: food contains energy for living things [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] food contains nutrients for living things [INFER] int2: food contains nutrients and energy for living things [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] to contain something can mean to store something [INFER] int3: food stores nutrients and energy for living things [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the ability to store something is a kind of property [INFER] int4: the ability to store nutrients and energy is a property of food [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something does not have the properties of something else then that something is not that something else [INFER] int5: if something does not have the ability to store nutrients and energy then that something is not food
Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?
Answer: carbon dioxide
Hypothesis: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that is required by a plant to make food for itself
Supporting facts: sent1: photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent2: if a living thing takes in something to perform a process then that something is required for that process sent3: absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something sent4: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas sent5: a plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to perform photosynthesis
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [AND] a plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to perform photosynthesis [INFER] int1: a plant absorbs carbon dioxide to make food for itself [BECAUSE] if a living thing takes in something to perform a process then that something is required for that process [AND] absorbing something is a kind of method for taking in something [INFER] int2: if a living thing absorbs something to perform a process then that something is required for that process [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: carbon dioxide is required for a plant to make food for itself [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] carbon dioxide is a kind of gas [INFER] int4: carbon dioxide is a kind of gas that is required by a plant to make food for itself
Question: What is a main feature of plains?
Answer: a flat, level surface
Hypothesis: a flat land surface is a feature of a plane
Supporting facts: sent1: a feature of something can be what that something is made of sent2: a plain is made of a flat land surface
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a feature of something can be what that something is made of [AND] a plain is made of a flat land surface [INFER] int1: a flat land surface is a feature of a plane
Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?
Answer: cold-water pool
Hypothesis: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold pool
Supporting facts: sent1: if an animal lives a certain environment then that animal ususally requires that kind of environment sent2: cold means low in temperature sent3: zoo exhibits should contain all things required by the animals living in those exhibits sent4: a body of water is a kind of environment sent5: polar bears live in cold environments sent6: a pool is a kind of body of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an animal lives a certain environment then that animal ususally requires that kind of environment [AND] polar bears live in cold environments [INFER] int1: a polar bear requires a cold environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] zoo exhibits should contain all things required by the animals living in those exhibits [INFER] int2: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold environment [BECAUSE] a body of water is a kind of environment [AND] a pool is a kind of body of water [INFER] int3: a pool is a kind of environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] cold means low in temperature [INFER] int4: a cold pool is a kind of cold environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a polar bear exhibit should contain a cold pool
Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?
Answer: squirrel, deer, woodpecker
Hypothesis: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are adapted to living in forests
Supporting facts: sent1: woodpeckers live in forests sent2: animals adapt to their environment sent3: a squirrel is a kind of animal sent4: a woodpecker is a kind of bird sent5: squirrels live in forests sent6: a deer lives in a forest sent7: a deer is a kind of animal sent8: a forest is a kind of environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a squirrel is a kind of animal [AND] squirrels live in forests [INFER] int1: squirrels are animals live in forests [BECAUSE] a deer lives in a forest [AND] a deer is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: deer is an animal lives in a forest [BECAUSE] woodpeckers live in forests [AND] a woodpecker is a kind of bird [INFER] int3: woodpeckers are animals live in forests [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are animals that live in forests [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] animals adapt to their environment [AND] a forest is a kind of environment [INFER] int5: squirrels and deer and woodpeckers are adapted to living in forests
Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?
Answer: Herbivore
Hypothesis: a cow is a kind of herbivore
Supporting facts: sent1: cows only eat plants sent2: herbivores only eat plants
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cows only eat plants [AND] herbivores only eat plants [INFER] int1: a cow is a kind of herbivore
Question: American alligators are common in Florida wetlands. They are known to eat frogs, turtles, fish, mice, and birds. What role does an American alligator fill in its ecosystem?
Answer: consumer
Hypothesis: in the food chain process an alligator has the role of consumer
Supporting facts: sent1: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent2: alligators eat frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds sent3: frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] alligators eat frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds [AND] frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals [INFER] int1: alligators eat animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food [INFER] int2: in the food chain process an alligator has the role of consumer
Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called
Answer: herbivores.
Hypothesis: in the food chain herbivores eat plants and are a source of food for some animals
Supporting facts: sent1: in the food chain process herbivores have the role of primary consumer which eats producers for food sent2: living things eat their food source sent3: many animals are herbivores sent4: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food sent5: green plants are a kind of producer
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the food chain process herbivores have the role of primary consumer which eats producers for food [AND] green plants are a kind of producer [INFER] int1: in the food chain an herbivore eats plants [BECAUSE] many animals are herbivores [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers / other animals for food [INFER] int2: in the food chain an animal with the role of consumer may eat herbivores [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] living things eat their food source [INFER] int3: in the food chain herbivores are a source of food for some animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: in the food chain herbivores eat plants and are a source of food for some animals
Question: In a forest, how do decomposers help other organisms survive?
Answer: They put nutrients into the soil that plants use to grow.
Hypothesis: decomposers help a plant survive and grow by adding nutrients to soil
Supporting facts: sent1: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent2: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow / survive sent3: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent4: soil provides nutrients for plants sent5: the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival sent6: if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [AND] if something is returned to a place then that something is added to that place [INFER] int1: decomposers add nutrients to soil using decomposition [BECAUSE] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow / survive [AND] soil provides nutrients for plants [INFER] int2: a plant requires nutrients from soil to grow and survive [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the increase of something required by an organism has a positive impact on that organism 's survival [INFER] int3: nutrients in soil have a positive impact on a plant's growth and survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] helping something has a positive impact on that something [INFER] int4: nutrients in soil help a plant survive and grow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: decomposers help a plant survive and grow by adding nutrients to soil
Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they
Answer: break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.
Hypothesis: decomposers are important to the food chain by returning nutrients to the soil by breaking down dead organisms
Supporting facts: sent1: producers are a source of food for animals sent2: food contains nutrients sent3: a producer is a kind of role in the food chain process sent4: an animal is a kind of consumer sent5: a consumer is a kind of role in the food chain process sent6: plants are a kind of producer sent7: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent8: a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow sent9: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms sent10: soil provides nutrients for plants sent11: break down means change from a whole into pieces sent12: an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] break down means change from a whole into pieces [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int1: decomposers return nutrients to the soil by breaking down dead organsisms [BECAUSE] soil provides nutrients for plants [AND] a plant / living thing requires nutrients to grow [INFER] int2: plants require nutrients from soil [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] plants are a kind of producer [INFER] int3: producers require nutrients in soil [BECAUSE] producers are a source of food for animals [AND] food contains nutrients [INFER] int4: producers are a source of nutrients for animals [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an animal / living thing requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int5: an animal requires nutrients from producers [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] an animal is a kind of consumer [INFER] int6: a consumer requires nutrients from producers [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a consumer requires nutrients from producers which require nutrients from soil [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something [INFER] int8: nutrients in soil are important to producers which are important to consumers [BECAUSE] a producer is a kind of role in the food chain process [AND] a consumer is a kind of role in the food chain process [INFER] int9: consumers and producers are kinds of roles in the food chain process [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: nutrients in soil are important to the food chain [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int10 [INFER] int11: decomposers are important to the food chain by returning nutrients to the soil by breaking down dead organisms
Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?
Answer: to make food
Hypothesis: plants use energy from the sun to make food
Supporting facts: sent1: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent2: solar energy is a kind of energy sent3: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent4: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent5: plants perform photosynthesis sent6: if a process converts something into something else then that something is used for that process sent7: making something is a kind of method for providing that something sent8: photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent9: photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process sent10: plants use energy directly from the sun
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] plants use energy directly from the sun [AND] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int1: plants use solar energy [BECAUSE] if a process converts something into something else then that something is used for that process [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process [INFER] int2: if photosynthesis converts something into something else then that something is used for that process [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] photosynthesis means producers / green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [INFER] int3: solar energy is used for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [AND] plants perform photosynthesis [INFER] int4: plants use solar energy to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis [INFER] int5: plants use solar energy to provide food for themselves [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] making something is a kind of method for providing that something [INFER] int6: plants use solar energy to make food [BECAUSE] if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something [AND] the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int7: solar energy comes from the sun [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] solar energy is a kind of energy [INFER] int8: solar energy is a kind of energy that comes from the sun [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: plants use energy from the sun to make food
Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to
Answer: carry pollen for reproduction.
Hypothesis: a bee can help on pollination in plant reproduction by carry pollen
Supporting facts: sent1: pollination is when pollinating animals, wind, or water carry pollen from one flower to another flower sent2: a bee is a pollinating animal sent3: pollination requires pollinating animals sent4: plant reproduction requires pollination
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pollination requires pollinating animals [AND] plant reproduction requires pollination [INFER] int1: plant reproduction requires pollinating animals for pollination [BECAUSE] pollination is when pollinating animals, wind, or water carry pollen from one flower to another flower [AND] a bee is a pollinating animal [INFER] int2: a bee can help on pollination by carrying pollen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a bee can help on pollination in plant reproduction by carry pollen
Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?
Answer: beneficial
Hypothesis: the tree and fungus are in a beneficial relationship
Supporting facts: sent1: tree roots help fungus survive by supplying a protected environment to grow sent2: a fungus helps the tree survive by improving the soil quality for trees sent3: a beneficial relationship is when two organisms help each other survive
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] tree roots help fungus survive by supplying a protected environment to grow [AND] a fungus helps the tree survive by improving the soil quality for trees [AND] a beneficial relationship is when two organisms help each other survive [INFER] int1: the tree and fungus are in a beneficial relationship
Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?
Answer: microscope
Hypothesis: a microscope can be used to see the microscopic living organisms in the pond water
Supporting facts: sent1: a microscope is used to see microscopic things by scientists by making them appear bigger sent2: pond water contains microscopic living organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a microscope is used to see microscopic things by scientists by making them appear bigger [AND] pond water contains microscopic living organisms [INFER] int1: a microscope can be used to see the microscopic living organisms in the pond water
Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?
Answer: Barney has a scar on his ear.
Hypothesis: barney's scar on his ear is affected by his environment
Supporting facts: sent1: barney has a scar on his ear sent2: barney is a human sent3: a human is a kind of organism sent4: an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics sent5: a scar is an acquired characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] barney is a human [AND] a human is a kind of organism [INFER] int1: barney is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an organism 's environment affects that organism 's acquired characteristics [INFER] int2: barney's acquired characteristics are affected by his environment [BECAUSE] barney has a scar on his ear [AND] a scar is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int3: barney's scar on his ear is an acquired characteristic [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: barney's scar on his ear is affected by his environment
Question: Which of these behaviors does a dolphin learn?
Answer: balancing a ball on its nose
Hypothesis: a dolphin learns to balance a ball on its nose
Supporting facts: sent1: balancing a ball on one 's nose is a kind of trick sent2: learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal sent3: a trick is a learned behavior sent4: a dolphin can balance a ball on its nose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] balancing a ball on one 's nose is a kind of trick [AND] a dolphin can balance a ball on its nose [INFER] int1: a dolphin balancing a ball on its nose is a kind of trick [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a trick is a learned behavior [INFER] int2: a dolphin balancing a ball on its nose is a learned behavior [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] learned behaviors are learned over the lifetime of the animal [INFER] int3: a dolphin learns to balance a ball on its nose
Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?
Answer: a scar on the knee
Hypothesis: a scar on the knee is not passed from parents to offspring
Supporting facts: sent1: a scar on the knee is a kind of scar sent2: inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics sent3: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna sent4: a scar is an acquired characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a scar on the knee is a kind of scar [AND] a scar is an acquired characteristic [INFER] int1: a scar on the knee is an acquired characteristic [BECAUSE] inherited characteristics are the opposite of acquired characteristics [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int2: acquired characteristics are not passed from parents to offspring [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a scar on the knee is not passed from parents to offspring