ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?
Answer: the digestive system and the circulatory system
Hypothesis: the circulatory system carries nutrients from the digestive system to the bone cells in the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the digestive system digests food for the body sent2: the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body sent3: the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body sent4: digestion is when food is abosrbed into the blood stream sent5: bone cells are a part of the body sent6: blood is a part of the circulatory system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the digestive system digests food for the body [AND] the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for the body [INFER] int1: the digestive system digests nutrients for the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] digestion is when food is abosrbed into the blood stream [INFER] int2: the digestive system absorbs nutrients into the blood stream [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] blood is a part of the circulatory system [INFER] int3: the digestive system absorbs nutrients into the circulatory system through the blood stream [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body [INFER] int4: the circulatory system carries nutrients from the digestive systems to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] bone cells are a part of the body [INFER] int5: the circulatory system carries nutrients from the digestive system to the bone cells in the body
Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?
Answer: Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.
Hypothesis: an example of the skeletal system interacting with the circulatory system is red blood cells carrying oxygen to the bones
Supporting facts: sent1: red blood cells are a part of blood sent2: if a part of one system carries something to a part of another system, then those two systems are interacting sent3: skeletal system is made of bones sent4: circulation in the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body sent5: blood is a part of the circulatory system sent6: blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells / rest of the body sent7: a bone is a part of a body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] circulation in the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body [AND] blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells / rest of the body [INFER] int1: the circulation of blood transports oxygen throughout the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] red blood cells are a part of blood [INFER] int2: red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a bone is a part of a body [INFER] int3: red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones of the body [BECAUSE] red blood cells are a part of blood [AND] blood is a part of the circulatory system [INFER] int4: red blood cells are a part of the circulatory system [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int5: red blood cells are a part of the circulatory system and bones are a part of the skeletal system [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the red blood cells of the circulatory system carry oxygen to the bones of the skeletal system [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if a part of one system carries something to a part of another system, then those two systems are interacting [INFER] int7: an example of the skeletal system interacting with the circulatory system is red blood cells carrying oxygen to the bones
Question: A human CANNOT survive the loss of which of the following?
Answer: The liver
Hypothesis: a human cannot survive the loss of their liver
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is when the body breaks down food for nutrients sent2: digestion is when the body absorbs nutrients from food sent3: an animal requires nutrients for survival sent4: a human is a kind of animal sent5: the body is a part of an organism sent6: digestion is performed by the digestive system sent7: the digestive system is a part of an animal sent8: if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive sent9: an animal is a kind of organism sent10: if something is used for a process, then losing that something has a negative impact on that process sent11: the liver is a part of the digestive system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the liver is a part of the digestive system [AND] the digestive system is a part of an animal [INFER] int1: the liver is a part of an animal's digestive systemm [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] digestion is performed by the digestive system [INFER] int2: a liver is a part of an animal used in digestion [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something is used for a process, then losing that something has a negative impact on that process [INFER] int3: an animal losing their liver has a negative impact on that animal's digestion [BECAUSE] digestion is when the body breaks down food for nutrients [AND] digestion is when the body absorbs nutrients from food [INFER] int4: digestion is the process through which a body obtains nutrients [BECAUSE] the body is a part of an organism [AND] an animal is a kind of organism [INFER] int5: the body is a part of an animal [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: digestion is the process through which animals obtain nutrients [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] an animal requires nutrients for survival [INFER] int7: an animal requires digestion for survival [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: losing their liver has a negative impact on the survival of an animal [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [INFER] int9: losing their liver has a negative impact on the survival of a human [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] if something has a negative impact on the survival of an organism then that organism may be unable to survive [INFER] int10: a human cannot survive the loss of their liver
Question: The major function of the kidneys is to
Answer: filter wastes and byproducts.
Hypothesis: the function of the kidneys is to filter waste from the blood
Supporting facts: sent1: filtering is a kind of function sent2: kidney filter bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] filtering is a kind of function [AND] kidney filter bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood [INFER] int1: the function of the kidneys is to filter waste from the blood
Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?
Answer: white blood cells
Hypothesis: white blood cells destroy bacteria that enters the body
Supporting facts: sent1: white blood cells are a part of the immune system sent2: destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something sent3: white blood cells are a kind of cell sent4: a type of cell destroys bacteria that enters the body sent5: the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] destroying something is a kind of method for getting rid of something [AND] the immune system gets rid of bacteria once they have invaded the body [INFER] int1: the immune system destroys bacteria that has invaded the body [BECAUSE] white blood cells are a part of the immune system [AND] white blood cells are a kind of cell [INFER] int2: white blood cells are a kind of cell that is part of the immune system [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: white blood cells are a kind of cell that is part of the immune system which destroys bacteria that has invaded the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a type of cell destroys bacteria that enters the body [INFER] int4: white blood cells destroy bacteria that enters the body
Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by
Answer: producing chemicals that destroy the microbes
Hypothesis: specialized cells protect the body be producing chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes
Supporting facts: sent1: disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body sent2: decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing sent3: destroying something decreases the amount of that something sent4: a source of something produces that something sent5: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent6: specialized cells are a source of chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a source of something produces that something [AND] specialized cells are a source of chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes [INFER] int1: specialized cells produce chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes [BECAUSE] decreasing something negative has a positive impact on a thing [AND] destroying something decreases the amount of that something [INFER] int2: destroying something negative has a positive impact on a thing [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] disease-causing microbes have a negative impact on the body [INFER] int3: destroying disease-causing microbes has a positive impact on the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health [INFER] int4: destroying disease-causing microbes is a kind of method for protecting the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: specialized cells protect the body be producing chemicals that destroy disease-causing microbes
Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?
Answer: The nervous system
Hypothesis: the nervous system is used for coordinating the muscles
Supporting facts: sent1: an animal 's brain controls that animal sent2: the muscular system is a kind of body system sent3: the brain can control animal body through the nervous system sent4: the muscular system contains muscles sent5: a body system is a part of the body sent6: to control something can mean to coordinate something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal 's brain controls that animal [AND] the brain can control animal body through the nervous system [INFER] int1: the nervous system is used for controlling the body [BECAUSE] the muscular system is a kind of body system [AND] a body system is a part of the body [INFER] int2: the muscular system is a part of the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the muscular system contains muscles [INFER] int3: muscles are a part of the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the nervous system is used for controlling the muscles [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] to control something can mean to coordinate something [INFER] int5: the nervous system is used for coordinating the muscles
Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?
Answer: nervous system
Hypothesis: the nervous system sends electrical signals to the other body systems
Supporting facts: sent1: something that conducts electricty can send electricity somewhere sent2: messages in the body are observations in the form of electrical signals sent3: nerve cells conduct messages in the body sent4: a body system is a part of the body sent5: nerves are made of nerve cells sent6: the nervous system contains nerves
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nerves are made of nerve cells [AND] the nervous system contains nerves [INFER] int1: the nervous system contains nerve cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] nerve cells conduct messages in the body [INFER] int2: the nervous system conducts messages in the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] messages in the body are observations in the form of electrical signals [INFER] int3: the nervous system conducts observations in the form of electrical signals in the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] something that conducts electricty can send electricity somewhere [INFER] int4: the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a body system is a part of the body [INFER] int5: the nervous system sends electrical signals to the other body systems
Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?
Answer: The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.
Hypothesis: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the receives food from its mother through the placenta
Supporting facts: sent1: if a source of food is unhealthy then the organism consuming that food will be unhealthy sent2: being unhealthy has a negative impact on an organism sent3: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy has a negative impact on the embryo sent4: something recieves something else from a source of that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being unhealthy has a negative impact on an organism [AND] the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy has a negative impact on the embryo [INFER] int1: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy causes the embryo to be unhealthy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a source of food is unhealthy then the organism consuming that food will be unhealthy [INFER] int2: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the mother is a source of food for an embryo through the placenta [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] something recieves something else from a source of that something else [INFER] int3: the unhealthy diet of a mother during pregnancy is harmful to the embryo because the receives food from its mother through the placenta
Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?
Answer: fertilization
Hypothesis: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization
Supporting facts: sent1: a male and a female sex cell are required to perform sexual reproduction sent2: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent3: if two things provide half of something to something else, then that something else will recive a full amount of that something sent4: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a male and a female sex cell are required to perform sexual reproduction [AND] each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int1: a male sex cell provide half the number of chromosomes and a female sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if two things provide half of something to something else, then that something else will recive a full amount of that something [INFER] int2: a fertilized egg recives a full set of chromosomes through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized [INFER] int3: new cells with a full set of chromosomes are formed by fertilization
Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?
Answer: skin
Hypothesis: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from germs
Supporting facts: sent1: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent2: a germ is a kind of harmful substance sent3: skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances [AND] skin is the first / outermost layer around the body of some animals [INFER] int1: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from harmful substances [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a germ is a kind of harmful substance [INFER] int2: skin is the first layer on the body to protect the body from germs
Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?
Answer: Skin protects the body from harmful substances.
Hypothesis: the function of the skin is to protect the body from harmful substances
Supporting facts: sent1: skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances sent2: protecting is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] skin is used for protecting the body from harmful substances [AND] protecting is a kind of function [INFER] int1: the function of the skin is to protect the body from harmful substances
Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of
Answer: genes
Hypothesis: a cell of human body contains thousands of genes
Supporting facts: sent1: a chromosomes of a human contains thousands of genes sent2: chromosomes are located in the cells
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a chromosomes of a human contains thousands of genes [AND] chromosomes are located in the cells [INFER] int1: a cell of human body contains thousands of genes
Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Answer: To release energy from stored food
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent2: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?
Answer: cellular respiration
Hypothesis: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Supporting facts: sent1: cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities sent2: cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cellular respiration is a source of energy for cell activities [AND] cellular respiration is when cells extract energy from food to produce energy [INFER] int1: cellular respiration produces energy for cell activities by extracting energy from food
Question: Which of the following parts of a plant cell has a function that is most similar to the function of an animal skeleton?
Answer: cell wall
Hypothesis: cell wall has the similar function to the skeletal system of animals
Supporting facts: sent1: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent2: the skeletal system is used to provide protection / shape / support for animals sent3: protecting is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell [AND] protecting is a kind of function [INFER] int1: a cell wall is used to protect a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the skeletal system is used to provide protection / shape / support for animals [AND] protecting is a kind of function [INFER] int2: cell wall has the similar function to the skeletal system of animals
Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?
Answer: 46
Hypothesis: a fertilized egg will have 46 chromosomes
Supporting facts: sent1: a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes sent2: 23 plus 23 equals 46 sent3: each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction sent4: an egg cell is a kind of sex cell sent5: fertilization is when a sperm and an egg are fused together sent6: a sperm is a kind of sex cell sent7: fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] fertilization is when a sperm and an egg are fused together [AND] fertilization is when an egg cell becomes fertilized [INFER] int1: a fertilized egg is formed by a sperm and an egg fusing together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] each sex cell provides half the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [INFER] int2: a sperm and an egg each provide half of the number of chromosomes in a fertilized egg through sexual reproduction [BECAUSE] a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes [AND] a sperm is a kind of sex cell [INFER] int3: a sperm of a human contains 23 chromosomes [BECAUSE] a sex cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes [AND] an egg cell is a kind of sex cell [INFER] int4: an egg cell contains 23 chromosomes [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a fertilized egg will get 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] 23 plus 23 equals 46 [INFER] int6: a fertilized egg will have 46 chromosomes
Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?
Answer: mitochondrion
Hypothesis: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle sent2: mitochondrion provide energy to cells using oxygen and glucose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a mitochondrion is a kind of cellular organelle [AND] mitochondrion provide energy to cells using oxygen and glucose [INFER] int1: mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to cells
Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?
Answer: how many types of cells are in the organism
Hypothesis: the number of cells in the organism can be used to tell whether it is multicellular or unicellular
Supporting facts: sent1: a multicellular organism has more than one cell sent2: a unicellular organism has one cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a multicellular organism has more than one cell [AND] a unicellular organism has one cell [INFER] int1: the number of cells in the organism can be used to tell whether it is multicellular or unicellular
Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?
Answer: leaf
Hypothesis: a leaf requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Supporting facts: sent1: photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates sent2: green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis sent3: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent4: photosynthesis is a kind of process sent5: leaves contain chlorophyll sent6: chlorophyll is a part of a plant used to perform photosynthesis sent7: if something is used by a process to make something else, then that something is required to perform that process
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis is a kind of process [AND] if something is used by a process to make something else, then that something is required to perform that process [INFER] int1: if something is used by photosynthesis to make something else, then that something is required to perfrom photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] photosynthesis is a source of / makes food / energy for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int2: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] a leaf is a part of a green plant [AND] leaves contain chlorophyll [INFER] int3: a leaf is a part of a green plant that contains chlorophyll [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] chlorophyll is a part of a plant used to perform photosynthesis [INFER] int4: a leaf is a part of a green plant that is able to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] green plants provide food for themselves / animals / consumers by performing photosynthesis [INFER] int5: a leaf performs photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: a leaf requires sunlight to perform photosynthesis