ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?
Answer: Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.
Hypothesis: absorbing the energy from the sun will cause drops of water to disapper
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent2: absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat sent3: drops of water are a kind of objects sent4: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent5: if water evaporates, then the water will disappear sent6: water is a kind of substance sent7: a drop is small amount of liquid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat [AND] drops of water are a kind of objects [INFER] int1: absorbing sunlight will cause the drops of water to heat [BECAUSE] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int2: water evaporating is when water changes from a liquid to a gas by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a drop is small amount of liquid [INFER] int3: a drop of water evaporating is when the water changes from a liquid to a gas by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: absorbing sunlight will cause drops of water to evaporate [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight [INFER] int5: absorbing the energy from the sun will cause drops of water to evaporate [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if water evaporates, then the water will disappear [INFER] int6: absorbing the energy from the sun will cause drops of water to disapper
Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?
Answer: Heat from the Sun
Hypothesis: in the water cycle the sun has the role of causing evaporation
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is a source of solar energy called sunlight sent2: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent3: water is a kind of substance sent4: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent5: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature sent6: water absorbs solar energy in the water cycle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [AND] water absorbs solar energy in the water cycle [INFER] int1: water absorbing solar energy will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: water absorbing solar energy will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: evaporation of water is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: water absorbing solar energy will cause the evaporation of water [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the sun is a source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int5: in the water cycle the sun has the role of causing evaporation
Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?
Answer: sleet
Hypothesis: sleet is the precipitation that consists of frozen raindrops
Supporting facts: sent1: sleet is a kind of precipitation sent2: sleet is when raindrops freeze as they fall
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sleet is a kind of precipitation [AND] sleet is when raindrops freeze as they fall [INFER] int1: sleet is the precipitation that consists of frozen raindrops
Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?
Answer: precipitation
Hypothesis: cold fronts cause precipitation as they pass by
Supporting facts: sent1: a storm is a source of precipitation sent2: cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by sent3: a thunderstorm is a kind of storm
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a storm is a source of precipitation [AND] a thunderstorm is a kind of storm [INFER] int1: a thunderstorm is a source of precipitation [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by [INFER] int2: cold fronts cause precipitation as they pass by
Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?
Answer: unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun
Hypothesis: unequal heating of earth 's surface causes wind
Supporting facts: sent1: uneven heating of the earth 's surface causes wind sent2: uneven means unequal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] uneven heating of the earth 's surface causes wind [AND] uneven means unequal [INFER] int1: unequal heating of earth 's surface causes wind
Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?
Answer: electrical energy to heat energy
Hypothesis: a toaster converts electrical energy to heat energy for toasting
Supporting facts: sent1: a toaster is made of a heating element for toasting sent2: a heating element converts electrical energy / electricity into heat energy for heating
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a toaster is made of a heating element for toasting [AND] a heating element converts electrical energy / electricity into heat energy for heating [INFER] int1: a toaster converts electrical energy to heat energy for toasting
Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to
Answer: heat energy
Hypothesis: the light bulb in lamp converts electrical energy into light energy and heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a light bulb is a part of a lamp sent2: a light bulb converts electrical energy / electricity into light energy / light energy and heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light bulb is a part of a lamp [AND] a light bulb converts electrical energy / electricity into light energy / light energy and heat energy [INFER] int1: the light bulb in lamp converts electrical energy into light energy and heat energy
Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
Answer: fan
Hypothesis: a fan is the appliance that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Supporting facts: sent1: an electric motor is a part of an electric fan for rotating the vanes in the fan sent2: a fan is a kind of appliance sent3: an electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an electric motor is a part of an electric fan for rotating the vanes in the fan [AND] an electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy [INFER] int1: the electric motor in the fan converts electrical energy into mechanical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a fan is a kind of appliance [INFER] int2: a fan is the appliance that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?
Answer: It is released as heat.
Hypothesis: methane reacting with oxygen will release light energy and heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a combustion reaction is a reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen gas sent2: methane reacts with oxygen and forms water and carbon dioxide sent3: methane is a kind of substance sent4: combustion reaction releases light energy and heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a combustion reaction is a reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen gas [AND] methane reacts with oxygen and forms water and carbon dioxide [AND] methane is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: methane reacting with oxygen is a kind of combustion reaction [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] combustion reaction releases light energy and heat energy [INFER] int2: methane reacting with oxygen will release light energy and heat energy
Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?
Answer: a laser
Hypothesis: a laser is a device used to produce light energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a laser is a kind of device for producing light sent2: light is a kind of light energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a laser is a kind of device for producing light [AND] light is a kind of light energy [INFER] int1: a laser is a device used to produce light energy
Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?
Answer: insulated wire, iron rod, battery
Hypothesis: insulated wire, iron rod, and battery can build an electromagnet
Supporting facts: sent1: iron rod can be used as an iron core sent2: coiled wires are a kind of wire sent3: an electromagnet is made of coiled wires, iron core, and source of electricity sent4: a battery is a source of electrical energy / electricity sent5: an insulated wire is a kind of wire
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] coiled wires are a kind of wire [AND] an electromagnet is made of coiled wires, iron core, and source of electricity [INFER] int1: an electromagnet is made of wires, iron core, and a source of electricity [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] iron rod can be used as an iron core [AND] a battery is a source of electrical energy / electricity [AND] an insulated wire is a kind of wire [INFER] int2: insulated wire, iron rod, and battery can build an electromagnet
Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?
Answer: visible light
Hypothesis: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that has red, green, and blue light
Supporting facts: sent1: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent2: visible light is made of lights of different colors including violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum [AND] visible light is made of lights of different colors including violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red light [INFER] int1: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that has red, green, and blue light
Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?
Answer: a light bulb
Hypothesis: a light bulb generates waves that can travel through a vacuum
Supporting facts: sent1: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum sent2: a light bulb generates light sent3: light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum [AND] light is a kind of electromagnetic wave [INFER] int1: light is a kind of wave that can travel through a vacuum [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a light bulb generates light [INFER] int2: a light bulb generates waves that can travel through a vacuum
Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is
Answer: refracted.
Hypothesis: light will refract when it travels between two different materials
Supporting facts: sent1: refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another medium sent2: light travels between two different materials (air and glass)
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another medium [AND] light travels between two different materials (air and glass) [INFER] int1: light will refract when it travels between two different materials
Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?
Answer: convex lens
Hypothesis: a convex lens will cause the light to bend when the light passes through the lens
Supporting facts: sent1: light comes to the focal point after passing through a convex lens sent2: a convex lens causes light to refract and concentrate to magnify distant objects sent3: refraction is when light bends
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light comes to the focal point after passing through a convex lens [AND] a convex lens causes light to refract and concentrate to magnify distant objects [INFER] int1: a convex lens will cause the light to refract when the light passes through the convex lens [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] refraction is when light bends [INFER] int2: a convex lens will cause the light to bend when the light passes through the lens
Question: Which object refracts light rays?
Answer: glass window
Hypothesis: the light rays will refract when they pass through a glass window
Supporting facts: sent1: medium is made of a kind of material sent2: light rays pass through air sent3: air is a kind of material sent4: glass is a kind of material sent5: a window is made of glass sent6: light rays pass through a glass window sent7: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light rays pass through air [AND] light rays pass through a glass window [INFER] int1: light rays pass through air and a glass window [BECAUSE] glass is a kind of material [AND] a window is made of glass [INFER] int2: a glass in a glass window is a kind of material [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] air is a kind of material [INFER] int3: air and a glass in a glass window are kinds of material [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: light rays passes from the material air through the material glass when it pass through a glass window [BECAUSE] medium is made of a kind of material [AND] refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium [INFER] int5: refraction is when light passes from one material to another material [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the light rays will refract when they pass through a glass window
Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?
Answer: a glass prism
Hypothesis: the laser beam will refract when it is shone through the glass prism
Supporting facts: sent1: a laser beam is shone through a glass prism sent2: medium is made of a kind of material sent3: a prism is made of glass sent4: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent5: air is a kind of material sent6: glass is a kind of material sent7: a laser beam passes through air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a laser beam is shone through a glass prism [AND] a laser beam passes through air [INFER] int1: a laser beam passes through air as it is shone through a glass prism [BECAUSE] a prism is made of glass [AND] glass is a kind of material [INFER] int2: a glass in a glass prism is a kind of material [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] air is a kind of material [INFER] int3: air and glass in a glass prism are kinds of materials [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the laser beam is passing from the material air to the material glass when it is shone through a glass prism [BECAUSE] medium is made of a kind of material [AND] refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium [INFER] int5: refraction is when light passes from one material to another material [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the laser beam will refract when it is shone through the glass prism
Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?
Answer: A prism
Hypothesis: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Supporting facts: sent1: a prism refracts light sent2: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prism refracts light [AND] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [INFER] int1: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?
Answer: a liter of gasoline
Hypothesis: gasoline is a source of potential energy
Supporting facts: sent1: gasoline is a source of chemical energy sent2: chemical energy is a kind of potential energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gasoline is a source of chemical energy [AND] chemical energy is a kind of potential energy [INFER] int1: gasoline is a source of potential energy
Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?
Answer: vibrations of the string
Hypothesis: the vibrations of a string are a source of sound
Supporting facts: sent1: vibrations are a source of sound sent2: plucking a string can cause that string to vibrate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] vibrations are a source of sound [AND] plucking a string can cause that string to vibrate [INFER] int1: the vibrations of a string are a source of sound
Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?
Answer: air vibrations
Hypothesis: human talking to each other can sense the sound made by the other human through air vibrations
Supporting facts: sent1: a human is a kind of animal sent2: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent3: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent4: talking is when a human produces sound to communicate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound can travel through air by vibrating air [AND] talking is when a human produces sound to communicate [INFER] int1: the sound from talking can travel through air by air vibrations [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [AND] hearing is used for sensing sound by animals [INFER] int2: human talking to each other can sense the sound made by the other human through air vibrations
Question: Which of the following best explains the cause of windows rattling during a thunderstorm?
Answer: sound energy
Hypothesis: a thunder can make a window rattle through intense sound energy
Supporting facts: sent1: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent2: intense sound energy can move objects sent3: a rattle is a kind of vibration sent4: a window is a kind of object sent5: a thunder has intense sound energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves [AND] intense sound energy can move objects [INFER] int1: insense sound energy can move objects by making them vibrate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a thunder has intense sound energy [INFER] int2: a thunder can move objects by making them vibrate through intense sound energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a window is a kind of object [INFER] int3: a thunder can move a window by making them vibrate through intense sound energy [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a rattle is a kind of vibration [INFER] int4: a thunder can make a window rattle through intense sound energy
Question: Through which material would sound travel the fastest?
Answer: steel
Hypothesis: sound travels fastest in steel
Supporting facts: sent1: steel is a kind of solid metal sent2: sound travels fastest through solid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] steel is a kind of solid metal [AND] sound travels fastest through solid [INFER] int1: sound travels fastest in steel
Question: Emily made a cup of tea and stirred it with a spoon. The spoon became warm. How was the heat from the tea transferred to the spoon?
Answer: conduction
Hypothesis: the metal spoon will be heated up by thermal conduction
Supporting facts: sent1: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat, then thermal conduction will make the thermal conductor become hot sent2: a metal spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea sent3: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor sent4: a spoon sometimes is made of metal sent5: tea is a kind of substance sent6: a hot substance is a source of heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor [AND] a spoon sometimes is made of metal [INFER] int1: a metal spoon is a thermal conductor [BECAUSE] tea is a kind of substance [AND] a hot substance is a source of heat [INFER] int2: hot tea is a source of heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a metal spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea [INFER] int3: the hot tea is a source of heat for the metal spoon [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [AND] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat, then thermal conduction will make the thermal conductor become hot [INFER] int4: the metal spoon will be heated up by thermal conduction
Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?
Answer: This action produces thermal energy through friction.
Hypothesis: friction causes the temperature of student's hands to increase
Supporting facts: sent1: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent2: a hand is a kind of object sent3: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent4: a student is rubbing his hands together
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] a hand is a kind of object [AND] a student is rubbing his hands together [INFER] int1: friction occurs when the student is rubbing his hands together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] friction causes the temperature of an object to increase [INFER] int2: friction causes the temperature of student's hands to increase
Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?
Answer: conduction
Hypothesis: the process transferring heat through collision of particles in a solid is thermal conduction
Supporting facts: sent1: thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles sent2: a process transfers heat through particles colliding in a solid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles [AND] a process transfers heat through particles colliding in a solid [INFER] int1: the process transferring heat through collision of particles in a solid is thermal conduction
Question: A student is mixing a cup of hot chocolate with a spoon. How is the heat transferred between the hot chocolate and the part of the spoon that is in the hot chocolate?
Answer: Conduction transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon.
Hypothesis: heat is transferred to the spoon from the hot chocolate through conduction
Supporting facts: sent1: metal is a thermal conductor sent2: hot chocolate is kind of hot substance sent3: if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot sent4: touching is similar to being exposed to sent5: a hot substance is a source of heat sent6: a spoon is a kind of object sent7: hot chocolate is a kind of liquid sent8: if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid sent9: spoons are usually made of metal sent10: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm sent11: a spoon is used to stir a cup of hot chocolate
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot [AND] a spoon is a kind of object [INFER] int1: if heat is conducted to a spoon then that spoon will become hot [BECAUSE] metal is a thermal conductor [AND] spoons are usually made of metal [INFER] int2: spoons are usually thermal conductor [BECAUSE] hot chocolate is a kind of liquid [AND] if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid [INFER] int3: if a spoon is used to stir hot chocolate then that spoon is touching that liquid [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a spoon is used to stir a cup of hot chocolate [AND] touching is similar to being exposed to [INFER] int4: a spoon is exposed to the hot chocolate [BECAUSE] hot chocolate is kind of hot substance [AND] a hot substance is a source of heat [INFER] int5: the cup of hot substance is a source of heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the spoon being exposed to the hot chocolate is an example of thermal conductor being exposed to a source of heat [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm [INFER] int7: the spoon in the hot chocolate will become hot [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: heat is transferred to the spoon from the hot chocolate through conduction