ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?
Answer: growth
Hypothesis: cell division causes growth
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division produces cells sent2: larger living things are made up of more cells than smaller living things sent3: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent4: if the number of cells in a living thing increases then more cells are produced in that living thing sent5: growth means size increases
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] larger living things are made up of more cells than smaller living things [AND] growth means size increases [INFER] int1: if a living thing grows then the number of cells in that living thing increases [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if the number of cells in a living thing increases then more cells are produced in that living thing [INFER] int2: growth requires the production of more cells [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] cell division produces cells [INFER] int3: growth requires cell division [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something causes a process then that something is required for that process [INFER] int4: cell division causes growth
Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?
Answer: hearing
Hypothesis: the prarie dogs can hear other prarie dogs bark
Supporting facts: sent1: a prarie dog barks to communicate sent2: sound can be used for communication by animals sent3: a prairie dog is a kind of animal sent4: hearing is used to identify sound
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sound can be used for communication by animals [AND] hearing is used to identify sound [INFER] int1: animals hear other animals communicate [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a prairie dog is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: prairie dogs hear other prairie dogs communicate [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a prarie dog barks to communicate [INFER] int3: the prarie dogs can hear other prarie dogs bark
Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?
Answer: webbed feet
Hypothesis: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for living in water
Supporting facts: sent1: aquatic animals live in bodies of water sent2: a body of water is a kind of environment sent3: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent4: an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent5: moving fast in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival sent6: webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moving fast in water has a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [AND] webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals [INFER] int1: webbed feet have a positive impact on an aquatic animal's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival [INFER] int2: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for aquatic animals [BECAUSE] a body of water is a kind of environment [AND] living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment [INFER] int3: living in a body of water causes an organism to adapt to that body of water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] aquatic animals live in bodies of water [INFER] int4: aquatic animals adapt to living in water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for living in water
Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?
Answer: camouflaging
Hypothesis: an example of camouflage is animals blending into their environment
Supporting facts: sent1: hiding means ability to be seen decreases for camouflage sent2: many animals blend in with their environment to not be seen by predators sent3: camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] hiding means ability to be seen decreases for camouflage [AND] many animals blend in with their environment to not be seen by predators [INFER] int1: many animals blend in with their environment to hide from predators [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators [INFER] int2: an example of camouflage is animals blending into their environment
Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare
Answer: hide from enemies in snow.
Hypothesis: an arctic hare having the same color as an arctic environment is used for hiding from predators
Supporting facts: sent1: coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage sent2: snow falls during the winter in the arctic environment sent3: an arctic hare is a kind of organism sent4: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing sent6: when snow falls in an environment in an environment , that environment will become white sent7: an arctic hare's fur turns white in the winter sent8: an animal being the same color as its environment is a kind of coloration sent9: hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators sent10: adaptations are a kind of characteristic of living things sent11: if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] adaptations are a kind of characteristic of living things [AND] an animal is a kind of living thing [INFER] int1: adaptations are a kind of characteristic of animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment [INFER] int2: camouflage is a kind of characteristic of animals that is used for hiding in an environment [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators [INFER] int3: camouflage is used for protection / hiding by prey / animals against predators / from predators [BECAUSE] coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage [AND] an animal being the same color as its environment is a kind of coloration [INFER] int4: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an arctic hare is a kind of organism [INFER] int5: an example of camouflage is an arctic hare having the same color as its environment [BECAUSE] if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color [AND] an arctic hare's fur turns white in the winter [INFER] int6: an arctic hare turns white in the winter [BECAUSE] snow falls during the winter in the arctic environment [AND] when snow falls in an environment in an environment , that environment will become white [INFER] int7: an arctic environment becomes white in the winter [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: an arctic hare and an arctic environment both become white in the winter [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: an example of camouflage is an arctic hare and an arctic environment having the same color in the winter [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: an arctic hare having the same color as an arctic environment is used for hiding from predators
Question: The snowshoe hare sheds its fur twice a year. In the summer, the fur of the hare is brown. In the winter, the fur is white. Which of these statements best explains the advantage of shedding fur?
Answer: Shedding fur helps the hare blend into its habitat.
Hypothesis: shedding fur is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment
Supporting facts: sent1: a snowshoe hare's fur is brown during summer sent2: a snowshoe hare's fur is white during winter sent3: coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage sent4: an arctic environment becomes brown in the summer sent5: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent6: if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color sent7: an arctic environment becomes white in the winter sent8: an animal being the same color as its environment is a kind of coloration sent9: some environments change color sent10: if something is one color at one time and another color at another time, then that something changes color sent11: a snowshow hare sheds its fur during the summer and winter
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a snowshoe hare's fur is brown during summer [AND] a snowshoe hare's fur is white during winter [INFER] int1: a snowshoe hare's fur is brown in the summer and white in the winter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is one color at one time and another color at another time, then that something changes color [INFER] int2: a snowshoe hare's fur changes color to brown in the summer and white in the winter [BECAUSE] an arctic environment becomes brown in the summer [AND] an arctic environment becomes white in the winter [INFER] int3: an arctic environment becomes brown in the summer and white in the winter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a snowshoe hare's fur changes to the color of its environment in the summer and winter [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a snowshow hare sheds its fur during the summer and winter [INFER] int5: shedding fur is a kind of method for changing fur color [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color [INFER] int6: shedding fur is a kind of method for changing color [BECAUSE] coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage [AND] an animal being the same color as its environment is a kind of coloration [INFER] int7: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] some environments change color [INFER] int8: an example of camouflage is organism changing into the color of the environment [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment [INFER] int9: changing into the color of the environment is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: shedding fur is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment
Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?
Answer: green insects sitting on green leaves
Hypothesis: an example of camouflage is an insect having the same color as green leaves
Supporting facts: sent1: some environments contain leaves sent2: an example of camouflage is an organism looking like its environment sent3: color is a property of something that describes how that something looks sent4: an insect is a kind of animal sent5: a leaf is often green in color sent6: an animal is a kind of organism
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of camouflage is an organism looking like its environment [AND] color is a property of something that describes how that something looks [INFER] int1: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment [BECAUSE] some environments contain leaves [AND] a leaf is often green in color [INFER] int2: some environments contain green leaves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an example of camouflage is an organism having the same color as green leaves [BECAUSE] an insect is a kind of animal [AND] an animal is a kind of organism [INFER] int4: an insect is a kind of organsim [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an example of camouflage is an insect having the same color as green leaves
Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to
Answer: avoid predators
Hypothesis: producing a bad odor helps skunks avoid predators
Supporting facts: sent1: a predator is a kind of animal sent2: most animals avoid bad odors sent3: causing predators to avoid you is a kind of method for avoiding predators sent4: a skunk produces a bad odor
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a predator is a kind of animal [AND] most animals avoid bad odors [INFER] int1: most predators avoid bad odors [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a skunk produces a bad odor [INFER] int2: most predators avoid skunks because they produce a bad odor [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] causing predators to avoid you is a kind of method for avoiding predators [INFER] int3: producing a bad odor is a kind of method for avoiding predators used by skunks [BECAUSE] int3 [INFER] int4: producing a bad odor helps skunks avoid predators
Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of
Answer: adaptation.
Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation is camel humps storing fat
Supporting facts: sent1: adaptations are used for survival sent2: an animal can survive in an environment with little food by storing fat sent3: a camel's humps are used for storing fat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal can survive in an environment with little food by storing fat [AND] a camel's humps are used for storing fat [INFER] int1: a camel's humps are used for survival by storing fat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int2: an example of an adaptation is camel humps storing fat
Question: The fur of some animals becomes thicker in the winter and is shed in the spring. These observations show how animals
Answer: respond to changes in the environment
Hypothesis: some animals grow thicker fur and shed fur as a response to changes in seasons
Supporting facts: sent1: winter has cold weather sent2: some animals shed fur in spring sent3: seasons cause change to the environment sent4: winter is a kind of season sent5: spring has warm weather sent6: some animals' fur grows thicker for staying warm in the winter sent7: spring is a kind of season
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] winter has cold weather [AND] some animals' fur grows thicker for staying warm in the winter [INFER] int1: some animals grow thicker fur in cold weather [BECAUSE] some animals shed fur in spring [AND] spring has warm weather [INFER] int2: some animals shed fur in warm weather [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: some animals grow thicker fur in cold weather and shed fur in warm weather [BECAUSE] spring has warm weather [AND] spring is a kind of season [INFER] int4: the spring season has warm weather [BECAUSE] winter has cold weather [AND] winter is a kind of season [INFER] int5: the winter season has cold weather [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the spring season has warm weather and the winter season has cold weather [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] seasons cause change to the environment [INFER] int7: the seasons changing from spring to winter causes the weather to change from warm to cold [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: some animals grow thicker fur and shed fur as a response to changes in seasons
Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?
Answer: waxy leaves to keep in water
Hypothesis: waxy leaves are used by some plants for survival in a dry environment
Supporting facts: sent1: dry means low in amount of water sent2: storing water is a kind of adaptation sent3: storing something is a kind of method for increasing the availability of something sent4: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent5: waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants sent6: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic of an organism sent7: plants require water for survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] dry means low in amount of water [AND] as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease [INFER] int1: a dry environment is low in availability of water [BECAUSE] storing water is a kind of adaptation [AND] storing something is a kind of method for increasing the availability of something [INFER] int2: storing water is a kind of adaptation increasing the availability of water [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] an adaptation is a kind of characteristic of an organism [INFER] int3: storing water is a kind of characteristic of an organism that increases the availability of water [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants [INFER] int5: waxy leaves are used by some plants for increasing the availability of water in a dry environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] plants require water for survival [INFER] int6: waxy leaves are used by some plants for survival in a dry environment
Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?
Answer: sharp spines as the leaves
Hypothesis: a cactus spine is a part of a cactus for protecting the cactus from animals
Supporting facts: sent1: harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something sent2: a sharp object can be used for protection sent3: eating something causes harm to that something sent4: if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something sent5: a cactus spine is a kind of sharp object sent6: some animals eat cacti
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a sharp object can be used for protection [AND] a cactus spine is a kind of sharp object [INFER] int1: a cactus spine can be used as protection [BECAUSE] harming something has a negative impact on / effect on that something [AND] eating something causes harm to that something [INFER] int2: eating something has a negative impact on that something [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some animals eat cacti [INFER] int3: animals have negative impact on cacti [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something [INFER] int4: a cactus must protect itself from animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a cactus spine is a part of a cactus for protecting the cactus from animals
Question: Several kinds of birds live on a small island. A storm destroys most of the plants on which the birds feed and build their nests. Which kind of bird is most likely going to survive on the island?
Answer: the birds that are most able to adapt
Hypothesis: animals that are able to adapt are likley going to survive after a storm
Supporting facts: sent1: a storm destroys most of the plants on an island sent2: if something is used for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that process sent3: an animal is a kind of living thing sent4: an animal is a kind of organism sent5: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent6: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive sent7: adaptations are used for survival sent8: destroying parts of an environment causes changes to that environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment [INFER] int1: adapting is when an animal responds to a change in an environment [BECAUSE] a storm destroys most of the plants on an island [AND] destroying parts of an environment causes changes to that environment [INFER] int2: a storm changes an environment [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a storm causes animals in an environment to adapt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int4: adaptations are used for survival by animals after a storm [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if something is used for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that process [INFER] int5: an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival after a storm [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive [INFER] int6: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an animal then that animal is likely going to survive [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: animals that are able to adapt are likley going to survive after a storm
Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?
Answer: farming
Hypothesis: droughts have a negative impact on farming
Supporting facts: sent1: precipitation is a source of water in an environment sent2: farming is when a human plants crops for food sent3: crops are a kind of edible plant for eating sent4: a farm is a kind of environment sent5: farming happens on a farm sent6: plants require water for survival / to grow sent7: decreasing something that is required for a process has a negative impact on that process sent8: drought is when amount of precipitation decreases sent9: farming is a kind of process sent10: humans often plant a large amount of crops at once
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans often plant a large amount of crops at once [AND] farming is when a human plants crops for food [INFER] int1: farming is when a human plants a large amount of crops [BECAUSE] crops are a kind of edible plant for eating [AND] plants require water for survival / to grow [INFER] int2: crops require water to grow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: farming requires a large amount of water [BECAUSE] a farm is a kind of environment [AND] farming happens on a farm [INFER] int4: farming happens in an environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: farming requires an environment with a large amount of water [BECAUSE] decreasing something that is required for a process has a negative impact on that process [AND] farming is a kind of process [INFER] int6: decreasing something that is required for farming has a negative impact on farming [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: decreasing the available water in an environment has a negative impact on farming in that environment [BECAUSE] precipitation is a source of water in an environment [AND] drought is when amount of precipitation decreases [INFER] int8: drought is when available water decreases in an environment [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: droughts have a negative impact on farming
Question: When a person's sweat evaporates, the person feels cooler. Which of the following statements best describes why sweating helps the person feel cool?
Answer: Heat is absorbed by sweat when it evaporates.
Hypothesis: a body is cooled by sweat absorbing heat as it evaporates
Supporting facts: sent1: sweat is a kind of liquid sent2: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent3: when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body sent4: if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool sent5: if heat is added to a substance then that substance absorbs that heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body [AND] if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool [INFER] int1: heat is absorbed from the body by sweat [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if heat is added to a substance then that substance absorbs that heat [INFER] int2: heat is added to sweat as it absorbs heat from the body [BECAUSE] sweat is a kind of liquid [AND] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [INFER] int3: sweat will evaporate if its heat energy is increased [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: sweat evaporates as it absorbs heat from the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if heat is absorbed from a source then that heat source will cool [INFER] int5: a body is cooled by sweat absorbing heat as it evaporates