ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?
Answer: anemometer
Hypothesis: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed
Supporting facts: sent1: an anemometer is a kind of instrument sent2: an anemometer is used to measure wind speed
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an anemometer is a kind of instrument [AND] an anemometer is used to measure wind speed [INFER] int1: an anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed
Question: What type of precipitation occurs when raindrops freeze as they fall?
Answer: sleet
Hypothesis: sleet is the precipitation when raindrops freeze as they fall
Supporting facts: sent1: sleet is a kind of precipitation sent2: sleet is when raindrops freeze as they fall
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sleet is a kind of precipitation [AND] sleet is when raindrops freeze as they fall [INFER] int1: sleet is the precipitation when raindrops freeze as they fall
Question: What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?
Answer: It causes evaporation.
Hypothesis: in the water cycle the sun has the role of causing evaporation
Supporting facts: sent1: evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy sent2: water is a kind of substance sent3: water absorbs solar energy in the water cycle sent4: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent5: the sun is a source of solar energy called sunlight sent6: if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is a kind of substance [AND] water absorbs solar energy in the water cycle [AND] if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature [INFER] int1: water absorbing solar energy will increase in temperature [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat energy [INFER] int2: water absorbing solar energy will increase in heat energy [BECAUSE] evaporation means a substance changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [AND] water is a kind of substance [INFER] int3: evaporation of water is when water changes from a liquid into a gas by increasing heat energy [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: water absorbing solar energy will cause the evaporation of water [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] the sun is a source of solar energy called sunlight [INFER] int5: in the water cycle the sun has the role of causing evaporation
Question: Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?
Answer: Hand dryer
Hypothesis: a hand dryer converts electrical energy into heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a hand dryer is a kind of electrical device for drying hair sent2: heat is a kind of energy sent3: a hand dryer produces heat sent4: electrical devices convert from electrical energy into other forms of energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a hand dryer is a kind of electrical device for drying hair [AND] electrical devices convert from electrical energy into other forms of energy [INFER] int1: a hand dryer converts electrical energy into other forms of energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] heat is a kind of energy [AND] a hand dryer produces heat [INFER] int2: a hand dryer converts electrical energy into heat energy
Question: What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?
Answer: electrical energy to light and heat energy
Hypothesis: a lamp converts electrical energy to light and heat energy
Supporting facts: sent1: a light bulb is a part of a lamp sent2: a light bulb converts electrical energy / electricity into light energy / light energy and heat energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a light bulb is a part of a lamp [AND] a light bulb converts electrical energy / electricity into light energy / light energy and heat energy [INFER] int1: a lamp converts electrical energy to light and heat energy
Question: Which change will occur in the wire of an electrical circuit that is working properly?
Answer: The wire will become warmer.
Hypothesis: electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to become warm
Supporting facts: sent1: temperature is a measure of heat sent2: flowing is a kind of movement sent3: to add something means to increase something sent4: electrical current is made of electrons flowing in one direction sent5: a wire is made of atoms sent6: atoms colliding increases the kinetic energy sent7: if something moves through something else then that something will collide with that something else sent8: warm / becoming warm means heat is added sent9: temperature is a measure of the total kinetic energy of an object sent10: when an electrical circuit is working properly , electrical current runs through the wires
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] when an electrical circuit is working properly , electrical current runs through the wires [AND] electrical current is made of electrons flowing in one direction [INFER] int1: electrons flow in one direction in the wires when an electrical circuit is working properly [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a wire is made of atoms [INFER] int2: electrons flow in one direction through the atoms in wires when an electrical circuit is working properly [BECAUSE] flowing is a kind of movement [AND] if something moves through something else then that something will collide with that something else [INFER] int3: if something flows through something else then that something will collide with that something else [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: electrons will collide with the atoms in wires when flowing in one direction [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] atoms colliding increases the kinetic energy [INFER] int5: electrons flowing in wires increases the kinetic energy of the wires [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] temperature is a measure of the total kinetic energy of an object [INFER] int6: electrical current running through a wire causes the temperature of the wire to increase [BECAUSE] to add something means to increase something [AND] warm / becoming warm means heat is added [INFER] int7: warm / becoming warm means heat increases [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] temperature is a measure of heat [INFER] int8: warm / becoming warm means temperature increases [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to become warm
Question: In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?
Answer: mechanical energy
Hypothesis: the mechanical energy converted by the car engine causes the car to move
Supporting facts: sent1: mechanical energy can cause objects to move sent2: the car engine in cars converts chemical energy from gasoline into mechanical energy sent3: a car is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mechanical energy can cause objects to move [AND] the car engine in cars converts chemical energy from gasoline into mechanical energy [AND] a car is a kind of object [INFER] int1: the mechanical energy converted by the car engine causes the car to move
Question: What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?
Answer: Only blue light is reflected by the block.
Hypothesis: the blue block reflects blue light
Supporting facts: sent1: blue is a kind of color sent2: a blue block is a kind of object sent3: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] blue is a kind of color [AND] a blue block is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a blue block is an object with blue color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color [INFER] int2: the blue block reflects blue light
Question: Why does the leaf of a plant look green?
Answer: Because it reflects green light
Hypothesis: leaves reflect green color
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf is often green in color sent2: if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color sent3: a leaf is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a leaf is often green in color [AND] a leaf is a kind of object [INFER] int1: a leaf is a green object [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects a light of a certain color then the object appears to be that color [INFER] int2: leaves reflect green color
Question: When you are riding a bicycle at night, your bicycle's reflectors help people in cars see your bicycle. How do bicycle reflectors work?
Answer: They bounce light back from other sources.
Hypothesis: if the reflector reflects the light toward the eye, then the reflector can be seen
Supporting facts: sent1: a reflector is used to reflect light especially on vehicles sent2: light shines on a bicycle's reflector sent3: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a reflector is used to reflect light especially on vehicles [AND] light shines on a bicycle's reflector [INFER] int1: the light will be reflected from the reflector [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [INFER] int2: if the reflector reflects the light toward the eye, then the reflector can be seen
Question: Which is an example of light being reflected?
Answer: looking into a mirror
Hypothesis: looking at an image in a mirror is an example of light being reflected by a mirror
Supporting facts: sent1: if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen sent2: a mirror reflects light sent3: someone is looking into a mirror
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen [AND] a mirror reflects light [INFER] int1: an image in a mirror is formed by reflecting light [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] someone is looking into a mirror [INFER] int2: looking at an image in a mirror is an example of light being reflected by a mirror
Question: A person in a dark room looking through a window can clearly see a person outside in the daylight. But a person outside cannot see the person inside. Why does this happen?
Answer: There is not enough light being reflected off the person in the room.
Hypothesis: the person outside cannot see the person in the dark room
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen sent2: there is a person outside in the day looking into the dark room sent3: there is a person in a dark room looking out a window in the day
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is in a dark place , then that something will not reflect enough light to be seen [AND] there is a person in a dark room looking out a window in the day [INFER] int1: the person in the dark room will not reflect enough light to be seen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] there is a person outside in the day looking into the dark room [INFER] int2: the person outside cannot see the person in the dark room
Question: Sir Isaac Newton determined that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What did he use to discover this phenomenon?
Answer: a prism
Hypothesis: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Supporting facts: sent1: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color sent2: a prism refracts light
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [AND] a prism refracts light [INFER] int1: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color
Question: The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is
Answer: refracted and dispersed.
Hypothesis: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors
Supporting facts: sent1: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent2: refraction of light can split light into lights of different color
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light [AND] refraction of light can split light into lights of different color [INFER] int1: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light / splitting light into all different colors
Question: Sound will not travel in a
Answer: vacuum
Hypothesis: sound cannot travel through a vacuum
Supporting facts: sent1: a vacuum has no matter in it sent2: sound requires matter to travel
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a vacuum has no matter in it [AND] sound requires matter to travel [INFER] int1: sound cannot travel through a vacuum
Question: A pot is heated on a stove. Which process causes the metal handle of the pot to also become hot?
Answer: conduction
Hypothesis: if a pot become hot, then the handle of the pot will become hot
Supporting facts: sent1: if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm sent2: a stove generates heat for cooking sent3: a handle is a part of an object for holding that object sent4: pot is made of metal for cooking sent5: a source of something generates that something sent6: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] pot is made of metal for cooking [AND] metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor [INFER] int1: pot is a kind of thermal conductor [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm [INFER] int2: if a pot is exposed to a source of heat, then the pot will become hot [BECAUSE] a stove generates heat for cooking [AND] a source of something generates that something [INFER] int3: a stove is a source of heat for cooking [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: if a pot is exposed to a stove, then the pot will become hot [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] a handle is a part of an object for holding that object [INFER] int5: if a pot become hot, then the handle of the pot will become hot
Question: When a frying pan is placed on an electric stove top, heat energy is transferred from the burner to the pan by
Answer: conduction.
Hypothesis: thermal conduction causes the heat flows from the burner to the frying pan
Supporting facts: sent1: a frying pan is put on the stove sent2: if something generates heat, then that something will be hot in temperature sent3: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent4: a stove generates heat for cooking usually sent5: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent6: a burner is a part of a stove sent7: a pan is a kind of object sent8: a burner is a kind of object / surface sent9: a frying pan is room temperature when it is not exposed to a heat source
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a stove generates heat for cooking usually [AND] a burner is a part of a stove [INFER] int1: a burner of a stove generates heat for cooking usually [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something generates heat, then that something will be hot in temperature [INFER] int2: a burner of a stove will be hot in temperature [BECAUSE] a pan is a kind of object [AND] a burner is a kind of object / surface [INFER] int3: a pan and a burner are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [AND] a frying pan is put on the stove [AND] a frying pan is room temperature when it is not exposed to a heat source [INFER] int4: a frying pan on the burner of the stove is an example of cooler object touching hot object [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs [INFER] int5: thermal conduction will occur between the frying pan and the burner [BECAUSE] a pan is a kind of object [AND] a burner is a kind of object / surface [INFER] int6: a pan and a burner are kinds of objects [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [AND] thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object [INFER] int7: thermal conduction causes the heat flows from the burner to the frying pan
Question: When a compression wave travels through a medium, in what direction is the medium displaced?
Answer: in the same direction
Hypothesis: compression waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave
Supporting facts: sent1: compression waves produces compressions and rarefactions sent2: longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave sent3: longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] compression waves produces compressions and rarefactions [AND] longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions [INFER] int1: longitudinal waves are also called compression waves [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave [INFER] int2: compression waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave
Question: The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease
Answer: friction
Hypothesis: grease is used to decrease the friction on the wheels and gears moving on other surfaces
Supporting facts: sent1: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease sent2: grease is used to make an object 's surface more smooth sent3: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other sent4: wheels / gears usually move against other surfaces sent5: a wheel is a kind of object sent6: a gear is a kind of object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease [AND] grease is used to make an object 's surface more smooth [INFER] int1: grease is used to decrease the friction among objects [BECAUSE] friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other [AND] wheels / gears usually move against other surfaces [AND] a wheel is a kind of object [AND] a gear is a kind of object [INFER] int2: when wheels and gears move against other surfaces, frictions will occur [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] a wheel is a kind of object [AND] a gear is a kind of object [INFER] int3: grease is used to decrease the friction on the wheels and gears moving on other surfaces
Question: A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Supporting facts: sent1: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent2: a ball is a kind of object sent3: gravity is a kind of force
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet [AND] a ball is a kind of object [AND] gravity is a kind of force [INFER] int1: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet
Question: The pull of gravity on Earth is caused by
Answer: the mass of Earth.
Hypothesis: the mass of earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet sent2: earth is a kind of planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet [AND] earth is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: the mass of earth causes the pull of gravity on earth
Question: A simple machine that helps move a flag up a flagpole is
Answer: a pulley
Hypothesis: a pulley is a kind of simple machine that can be used to lift a flag on a flagpole
Supporting facts: sent1: a pulley is used to lift a flag on a flagpole sent2: a pulley is a kind of simple machine
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a pulley is used to lift a flag on a flagpole [AND] a pulley is a kind of simple machine [INFER] int1: a pulley is a kind of simple machine that can be used to lift a flag on a flagpole
Question: A scientist on a field trip discovered a new organism. She examined its cells under a microscope and observed several different structures, including a nucleus, a cell wall, and some chloroplasts. This organism would correctly be classified in which of the following kingdoms?
Answer: Plantae
Hypothesis: that organism is a part of the biological kingdom plantae
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant cell is a kind of cell sent2: a plant cell contains chloroplasts sent3: a plant is a kind of organism sent4: plants are part of the bilogical kingdom plantae sent5: plants are made up of plant cells sent6: if an organism is made up of cells that contain a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall sent7: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent8: a cell wall is the outermost structure of a plant cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a plant cell is a kind of cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: a plant cell contains a nucleus [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant cell contains chloroplasts [INFER] int2: plant cells contain a nucleus and chloroplasts [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a cell wall is the outermost structure of a plant cell [INFER] int3: plant cells contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] plants are made up of plant cells [INFER] int4: plants are made up of cells that contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] plants are part of the bilogical kingdom plantae [INFER] int5: plants are kinds of organisms that are part of the biological kingdom plantae [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: organisms in the biological kingdom plantae are made up of cells that contain a nucleus and chloroplasts and a cell wall [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] if an organism is made up of cells that contain a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall [INFER] int7: that organism is a part of the biological kingdom plantae
Question: Which term best describes the life cycle of an insect that reaches the adult stage without being a pupa?
Answer: incomplete metamorphosis
Hypothesis: the insect has undergone incomplete metamorphosis
Supporting facts: sent1: the pupa stage is a stage in the metamorphosis process of some animals sent2: metamorphosis is a kind of process sent3: an insect is never a pupa sent4: if something undergoes a process without going through a certain stage in that process, then that process was incomplete sent5: an insect changed from an immature form to an adult form sent6: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an insect is never a pupa [AND] an insect changed from an immature form to an adult form [INFER] int1: an insect has changed from an immature form to an adult form without being a pupa [BECAUSE] metamorphosis is a kind of process [AND] if something undergoes a process without going through a certain stage in that process, then that process was incomplete [INFER] int2: if something undergoes metamorphosis without going through a certain stage of metamorphosis, then that metamorphosis was incomplete [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the pupa stage is a stage in the metamorphosis process of some animals [INFER] int3: if something undergoes metamorphosis without going through the pupa stage, then that metamorphosis was incomplete [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form [INFER] int4: incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the insect has undergone incomplete metamorphosis