ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: The cones of a jack pine tree require great amounts of heat to release their seeds. When are jack pine tree seeds most likely released?
Answer: after a fire
Hypothesis: a jack pine tree will disperse seeds after a wildfire
Supporting facts: sent1: serotinous cones  are sealed with a resin that prevents seed dispersal sent2: burning trees is used to produce heat sent3: removing something that prevents something else causes that something to be able to do that something else sent4: wildfire is when a forest catches fire sent5: melting something off of something else is a lind of method for removing something from something else sent6: a forest contains many trees sent7: dispersing seeds is a kind of action for trees sent8: something will perform an action after something else causes that something to be able to perform that action sent9: the cones of a jack pine tree are serotinous cones sent10: resin can be melted with heat
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] serotinous cones  are sealed with a resin that prevents seed dispersal [AND] the cones of a jack pine tree are serotinous cones [INFER] int1: the cones of a jack pine tree are sealed with a resin that prevents seed dispersal [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] resin can be melted with heat [INFER] int2: the resin on the cones of a jack pine tree that prevent seed dispersal can be melted with heat [BECAUSE] burning trees is used to produce heat [AND] a forest contains many trees [INFER] int3: burning a forest can produce great amounts of heat [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] wildfire is when a forest catches fire [INFER] int4: a wildfire produces great amounts of heat [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: a wildfire can melt the resing that prevents seed dispersal off of the cones of a jack pine tree [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] melting something off of something else is a lind of method for removing something from something else [INFER] int6: a wildfire can remove the resin that prevents seed dispersal from the cones of a jack pine tree [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] removing something that prevents something else causes that something to be able to do that something else [INFER] int7: a wildfire causes jack pine tree cones to be able to disperse seeds [BECAUSE] dispersing seeds is a kind of action for trees [AND] something will perform an action after something else causes that something to be able to perform that action [INFER] int8: a tree will disperse seeds after something else causes that tree to be able to disperse seeds [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: a jack pine tree will disperse seeds after a wildfire
Question: In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?
Answer: Dark fur helps bears hide.
Hypothesis: having dark fur has a positive impact on an animal's survival in a forest
Supporting facts: sent1: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent2: a forest is dark in color sent3: a forest is a kind of environment sent4: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent5: a bear is a kind of animal sent6: a bear is dark in color sent7: if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color sent8: an animal is a kind of living thing sent9: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent10: an animal is a kind of organism sent11: hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a forest is dark in color [AND] a forest is a kind of environment [INFER] int1: a forest environment is dark in color [BECAUSE] a bear is dark in color [AND] if an animal 's fur is a color then that animal is that color [INFER] int2: a bear's fur is dark in color [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a bear's fur and a forest environment are both dark in color [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of organism [AND] a bear is a kind of animal [INFER] int4: a bear is a kind of organism [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment [INFER] int5: an example of camouflage is a bear having the same color as its environment [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: an example of camouflage is a bear's fur being the same dark color as a forest [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment [INFER] int7: a bear having dark fur is a kind of adaptation for hiding in a forest [BECAUSE] an animal is a kind of living thing [AND] protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health [INFER] int8: protecting an animal has a positive impact on that animal's survival [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators [INFER] int9: hiding can have a positive impact on an animal's survival [BECAUSE] int9 [AND] a bear is a kind of animal [INFER] int10: hiding can have a positive impact on a bear's survival [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int7 [INFER] int11: having dark fur has a positive impact on an animal's survival in a forest
Question: The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?
Answer: one with dry conditions
Hypothesis: storing water is an adaptation to a dry environment
Supporting facts: sent1: storing something is a kind of method for increasing the availability of something sent2: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent3: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent4: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent5: a living things require water for survival sent6: dry means low in amount of water sent7: increasing the availability of something that has a positive impact on a living thing's survivial can have a positive impact on that living thing's survival
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [AND] a living things require water for survival [INFER] int1: water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] increasing the availability of something that has a positive impact on a living thing's survivial can have a positive impact on that living thing's survival [INFER] int2: increasing the availability of water for a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing's survival [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] storing something is a kind of method for increasing the availability of something [INFER] int3: storing water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival by increasing the availability of water [BECAUSE] as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease [AND] dry means low in amount of water [INFER] int4: a dry environment is low in availability of water [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment [INFER] int6: storing water is an adaptation to a dry environment
Question: Some nonnative plants can adapt to their environments more quickly than some native plants or crops can. Which adaptation would least likely help a nonnative plant to survive in a new environment?
Answer: having leaves that form at a slow rate
Hypothesis: slow leaf growth has a negative impact on a plant's survival
Supporting facts: sent1: as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase sent2: if something increases something else then that something has a positive impact on that something else sent3: faster means an increase in speed sent4: when a plant grows , the size of the leaves of that plant may increase sent5: a plant requires photosynthesis to survive sent6: fast is the opposite of slow sent7: a leaf is a part of a plant used for absorbing sunlight to perform photosynthesis sent8: growth occurs at a rate ranging from slow to fast sent9: is something has a positive impact on something else, then the opposite of that something will have a negative impact on that something else
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase [AND] if something increases something else then that something has a positive impact on that something else [INFER] int1: increasing the size of a leaf has a positive impact on that leaf's ability to absorb sunlight [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a leaf is a part of a plant used for absorbing sunlight to perform photosynthesis [INFER] int2: increasing the size of a plant' leaves has a positive impact on a plant's ability to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant requires photosynthesis to survive [INFER] int3: increasing the size of a plant's leaves have a positive impact on that plant's survival [BECAUSE] faster means an increase in speed [AND] growth occurs at a rate ranging from slow to fast [INFER] int4: fast growth increases the speed of growth [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] when a plant grows , the size of the leaves of that plant may increase [INFER] int5: fast growth causes the leaves of a plant to increase in size more quickly [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: fast leaf growth has a positive impact on a plant's survival [BECAUSE] fast is the opposite of slow [AND] is something has a positive impact on something else, then the opposite of that something will have a negative impact on that something else [INFER] int7: if being fast has a positive impact on something, then being slow will have a negative impact on that something [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: slow leaf growth has a negative impact on a plant's survival
Question: Which organ in a frog has a function similar to the function of lungs in a bird?
Answer: skin
Hypothesis: the function of skin on frogs is similar to the function of lungs in birds
Supporting facts: sent1: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent2: skin is used for breathing air by frogs sent3: lungs are used for breathing air by birds sent4: breathing is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] lungs are used for breathing air by birds [AND] breathing is a kind of function [INFER] int1: lungs perform the function of breathing in birds [BECAUSE] skin is used for breathing air by frogs [AND] breathing is a kind of function [INFER] int2: skin performs the function of breathing in frogs [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: lungs in birds and skin on frogs both perform the function of breathing [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [INFER] int4: the function of skin on frogs is similar to the function of lungs in birds
Question: Kendall studied the ways in which human body systems work together. He compared the respiratory and circulatory systems. In which way are these two systems similar to each other?
Answer: They both bring oxygen to the body.
Hypothesis: the respiratory system and circulatory system are similar because they bring oxygen to the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body sent2: the absorption of oxygen through the blood occurs in the lungs sent3: if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar sent4: the lungs are a part of the respiratory system sent5: if a part of a system performs a function then that system performs that function through that part sent6: bringing oxygen to the body is a kind of function sent7: the respiratory system transfers oxygen to the circulatory system sent8: to transfer something somewhere can mean to bring something somewhere sent9: blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body sent10: the lungs are a part of the body of an animal used for breathing air
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the lungs are a part of the body of an animal used for breathing air [AND] the absorption of oxygen through the blood occurs in the lungs [INFER] int1: the lungs bring in oxygen from the air [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] bringing oxygen to the body is a kind of function [INFER] int2: the lungs perform the function of bringing in oxygen from the air [BECAUSE] the lungs are a part of the respiratory system [AND] if a part of a system performs a function then that system performs that function through that part [INFER] int3: if the lungs perform a function then the respiratory system performs that function through the lungs [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: the respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air through the lungs [BECAUSE] the respiratory system transfers oxygen to the circulatory system [AND] to transfer something somewhere can mean to bring something somewhere [INFER] int5: the respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int5 [INFER] int6: the respiratory system brings oxygen from the air to the circulatory system [BECAUSE] the circulatory system transports blood throughout the body [AND] blood is a vehicle for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body [INFER] int7: the circulatory system brings oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: the respiratory system and the circulatory system both work to bring oxygen from the air to the rest of the body [BECAUSE] if two things perform the same function then those two things are similar [AND] bringing oxygen to the body is a kind of function [INFER] int9: if two things both bring oxygen to the body then those two things are similar [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: the respiratory system and circulatory system are similar because they bring oxygen to the body
Question: Each organ in the digestive system has a specific function. During digestion, food passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Which statement best describes what takes place in the small intestine?
Answer: Nutrients are absorbed from the food.
Hypothesis: nutrients are absorbed from food in the small intestine
Supporting facts: sent1: digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating sent2: a protein is a kind of nutrient sent3: the small intestine is a part of the digestive system sent4: to take something in can mean to absorb something sent5: some foods contain proteins sent6: the digestive system digests food for the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the small intestine is a part of the digestive system [AND] the digestive system digests food for the body [INFER] int1: digestion of food occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] some foods contain proteins [INFER] int2: digestion of proteins occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a protein is a kind of nutrient [INFER] int3: digestion of nutrients occurs in the small intestine [BECAUSE] digestion is when an organism takes in nutrients from food into itself by eating [AND] to take something in can mean to absorb something [INFER] int4: digestion is when an organism absorbs nutrients from food into itself [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: nutrients are absorbed from food in the small intestine
Question: Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?
Answer: excretory system
Hypothesis: the excretory system removes waste from the body
Supporting facts: sent1: the excretory system performs excretion sent2: excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the excretory system performs excretion [AND] excretion is when the excretory system removes waste from the body [INFER] int1: the excretory system removes waste from the body
Question: Mammals must eliminate waste products that their bodies produce. Which organ helps mammals eliminate bodily waste?
Answer: kidney
Hypothesis: the kidneys help remove waste from the body
Supporting facts: sent1: waste must be eliminated from the body sent2: if an action must be done before a process can be done, that action is a step in that process sent3: blood is a part of the body sent4: something must be eliminated from the parts of something else before it can be eliminated from the entirety something else sent5: if an action is a step in a process, then that action helps in the performance of that process sent6: kidney is a vehicle for removing bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] waste must be eliminated from the body [AND] something must be eliminated from the parts of something else before it can be eliminated from the entirety something else [INFER] int1: waste must be eliminated from the parts of the body before it can be eliminated from the entirety of the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] blood is a part of the body [INFER] int2: waste must be eliminated from the blood before it can be eliminated from the body [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if an action must be done before a process can be done, that action is a step in that process [INFER] int3: removing waste from blood is a step in removing waste from the body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] kidney is a vehicle for removing bodily waste / cell waste / byproducts from the blood [INFER] int4: the kidneys perform a step in removing waste from the body [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] if an action is a step in a process, then that action helps in the performance of that process [INFER] int5: the kidneys help remove waste from the body
Question: Which of these is the main function of the vomiting reflex?
Answer: to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Hypothesis: the main function of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Supporting facts: sent1: the vomiting reflex is used to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed sent2: something's purpose is that something's main function sent3: something is used for that something 's purpose
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the vomiting reflex is used to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed [AND] something is used for that something 's purpose [INFER] int1: the purpose of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something's purpose is that something's main function [INFER] int2: the main function of the vomiting reflex is to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed
Question: Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that occurs when the body attacks its own tissues. Which body system becomes disordered first?
Answer: immune
Hypothesis: the immune system becomes disordered first before rheumatoid arthritis occurs
Supporting facts: sent1: a disordered immune system causes autoimmune diseases sent2: rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the body attacks its own tissues sent3: if something is caused by something else, then that something else will happen first before that something sent4: an autoimmune disease is when the body attacks its own tissues
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the body attacks its own tissues [AND] an autoimmune disease is when the body attacks its own tissues [INFER] int1: rheumatoid arthritis is a kind of autoimmune disease [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a disordered immune system causes autoimmune diseases [AND] if something is caused by something else, then that something else will happen first before that something [INFER] int2: rheumatoid arthritis is caused by a disordered immune system [BECAUSE] int2 [INFER] int3: the immune system becomes disordered first before rheumatoid arthritis occurs
Question: Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of
Answer: adaptations for flight
Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers / wings / hollow bones
Supporting facts: sent1: avoiding predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival sent2: hollow bones cause an animal to be lightweight sent3: being lightweight has a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly sent4: feathers are a part of some wings sent5: some birds use flight to avoid predators sent6: animals require food for survival sent7: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent8: adaptations are used for survival sent9: if something is used by an organism for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that organism's ability to perform that process sent10: some birds use flight to find food
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] feathers are a part of some wings [AND] wings are used to fly through air by birds [INFER] int1: wings and feathers are used to fly by birds [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is used by an organism for a process, then that something has a positive impact on that organism's ability to perform that process [INFER] int2: wing and feathers have a positive impact on a bird's ability to fly [BECAUSE] hollow bones cause an animal to be lightweight [AND] being lightweight has a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly [INFER] int3: hollow bones have a positive impact on an animal's ability to fly [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: wings and feathers and hollow bones have a positive impact on a bird's ability to fly [BECAUSE] avoiding predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival [AND] some birds use flight to avoid predators [INFER] int5: some birds use flight for survival by avoiding predators [BECAUSE] some birds use flight to find food [AND] animals require food for survival [INFER] int6: some birds use flight for survival by finding food [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: many birds use flight for survival [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: birds use wings and feathers and hollow bones for survival by positivly impacting their ability to fly [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] adaptations are used for survival [INFER] int9: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers / wings / hollow bones
Question: The systems of the human body work together. Which system works with the skeletal system by pulling on the bones to create movement?
Answer: muscular
Hypothesis: the muscular system pulls bones to move the bones
Supporting facts: sent1: muscular movement helps animals move sent2: a bone is a part of a body sent3: the muscular system contains muscles sent4: moving a part of something helps that something move sent5: pulling is a kind of motion
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] muscular movement helps animals move [AND] moving a part of something helps that something move [INFER] int1: muscular movement moves a part of animals to help them move [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a bone is a part of a body [INFER] int2: muscular movement moves bones to help animals move [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] pulling is a kind of motion [INFER] int3: muscles  pull bones to move the bones [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] the muscular system contains muscles [INFER] int4: the muscular system pulls bones to move the bones