ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?
Answer: plant decomposition
Hypothesis: plant decomposition is important for the formation of fertile soil
Supporting facts: sent1: returning something is a kind of method for transporting something sent2: if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something sent3: if something has something else then that something might be made of that something else sent4: if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else sent5: if something is transported to a place then the amount of that something in that place increases sent6: high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen sent7: fertile soil is high in quality sent8: a plant is a kind of organism sent9: decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] high quality / rich / good soil has a high number of nutrients / amount of nitrogen [AND] fertile soil is high in quality [INFER] int1: fertile soil has a high amount of nutrients / nitrogen [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has something else then that something might be made of that something else [INFER] int2: fertile soil is made of high amounts of nutrients / nitrogen [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if something is made of something else then the formation of that something requires that something else [INFER] int3: high amounts of nutrients / nitrogen are required for the formation of fertile soil [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something [INFER] int4: high amounts of nutrients / nitrogen are important for the formation of fertile soil [BECAUSE] returning something is a kind of method for transporting something [AND] if something is transported to a place then the amount of that something in that place increases [INFER] int5: if something is returned to a place then the amount of that something in that place increases [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] decomposition is when a decomposer recycles / returns nutrients / nitrogen from dead organisms to the soil by eating those dead organisms [INFER] int6: decomposition of dead organisms increases the amount of nutrients / nitrogen in soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: decomposition of dead organisms is important for the formation of fertile soil [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int8: plant decomposition is important for the formation of fertile soil
Question: Farmers plant fruit trees in an area that was once a grassy meadow. Which will most likely happen to the rabbits living in the meadow?
Answer: The size of their population will decrease.
Hypothesis: humans / farmers planting fruit trees in a meadow causes rabbit populations to decrease in that meadow
Supporting facts: sent1: some rabbits live in meadows sent2: a farmer is a kind of human sent3: farmers plant fruit trees sent4: a habitat can mean an environment sent5: a rabbit is a kind of animal sent6: farming is when a human plants crops for food sent7: humans changing an environment causes animal populations to decrease in that environment sent8: a meadow is a kind of environment sent9: a decrease is a kind of change sent10: fruit trees are a kind of crop sent11: farming decreases animal habitats
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] humans changing an environment causes animal populations to decrease in that environment [AND] a meadow is a kind of environment [INFER] int1: humans changing a meadow causes animal populations to decrease in that meadow [BECAUSE] some rabbits live in meadows [AND] a rabbit is a kind of animal [INFER] int2: a rabbit is a kind of animal that may live in a meadow [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: humans changing a meadow causes rabbit populations to decrease in that meadow [BECAUSE] a farmer is a kind of human [AND] farmers plant fruit trees [INFER] int4: humans / farmers plant fruit trees [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] fruit trees are a kind of crop [INFER] int5: humans / farmers plant fruit tree crops [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] farming is when a human plants crops for food [INFER] int6: an example of farming is humans / farmers planting fruit trees [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] farming decreases animal habitats [INFER] int7: humans / farmers planting fruit trees decreases animal habitats [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] a decrease is a kind of change [INFER] int8: humans / farmers planting fruit trees changes animal habitats [BECAUSE] int8 [AND] a habitat can mean an environment [INFER] int9: humans / farmers planting fruit trees changes an animals' environemnt [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int9 [INFER] int10: humans / farmers planting fruit trees in a meadow causes rabbit populations to decrease in that meadow
Question: A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?
Answer: The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.
Hypothesis: the robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey
Supporting facts: sent1: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent2: a robin is a kind of animal sent3: a robin eats a cricket sent4: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent5: a cricket is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a robin is a kind of animal [AND] a cricket is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: a robin and a cricket are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator [AND] a robin eats a cricket [INFER] int2: a robin is a predator to the cricket [BECAUSE] a robin is a kind of animal [AND] a cricket is a kind of animal [INFER] int3: a robin and a cricket are kinds of animals [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a robin eats a cricket [AND] if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey [INFER] int4: the cricket is a prey to the robin [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey
Question: Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?
Answer: Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow
Hypothesis: earthworms creating tunnels has a positive impact on the growth of plant roots by loosening the soil
Supporting facts: sent1: tunnels in soil loosen that soil sent2: earthworms create tunnels in soil sent3: the looseness of soil has a positive impact on a plant 's roots' growth in that soil
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] tunnels in soil loosen that soil [AND] earthworms create tunnels in soil [INFER] int1: earthworms creating tunnels in soil can loosen the soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the looseness of soil has a positive impact on a plant 's roots' growth in that soil [INFER] int2: earthworms creating tunnels has a positive impact on the growth of plant roots by loosening the soil
Question: Which list contains only nonliving things?
Answer: water, rocks, sunlight
Hypothesis: water and rock and sunlight are nonliving things
Supporting facts: sent1: light is a kind of nonliving thing sent2: water is a kind of nonliving thing sent3: sunlight is a kind of light sent4: rock is a kind of nonliving thing
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] light is a kind of nonliving thing [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int1: sunlight is a nonliving thing [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] water is a kind of nonliving thing [AND] rock is a kind of nonliving thing [INFER] int2: water and rock and sunlight are nonliving things
Question: Which instrument would be used when studying a unit on amphibian anatomy?
Answer: a dissecting kit
Hypothesis: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument that can be used to study amphibian anatomy
Supporting facts: sent1: a dissecting kit is used to study anatomy sent2: amphibian anatomy is a kind of anatomy sent3: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a dissecting kit is used to study anatomy [AND] amphibian anatomy is a kind of anatomy [AND] a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument [INFER] int1: a dissecting kit is a kind of instrument that can be used to study amphibian anatomy
Question: Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures?
Answer: Petri dishes
Hypothesis: a petri dish can be used to grow and study the bacteria in a controlled setting
Supporting facts: sent1: a petri dish in a lab is used to grow bacteria in a controlled setting sent2: growing bacteria in the lab is used to study the bacteria
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a petri dish in a lab is used to grow bacteria in a controlled setting [AND] growing bacteria in the lab is used to study the bacteria [INFER] int1: a petri dish can be used to grow and study the bacteria in a controlled setting
Question: Which dog trait is a learned behavior?
Answer: jumping to catch a ball
Hypothesis: jumping to catch a ball is a kind of learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: an example of playing with toys is jumping to catch a ball sent2: playing with toys is a learned characteristic
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an example of playing with toys is jumping to catch a ball [AND] playing with toys is a learned characteristic [INFER] int1: jumping to catch a ball is a kind of learned characteristic
Question: An example of a learned behavior is a
Answer: dog laying down on command.
Hypothesis: a dog laying down on command is a learned characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: a dog is a kind of animal sent2: following orders is a learned characteristic sent3: animals laying down on command is an example of animals following order
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a dog is a kind of animal [AND] animals laying down on command is an example of animals following order [INFER] int1: a dog laying down on command is an example of dog following order [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] following orders is a learned characteristic [INFER] int2: a dog laying down on command is a learned characteristic
Question: Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?
Answer: favorite food
Hypothesis: food preference is not inherited from parents
Supporting facts: sent1: preferences are generally learned characteristics sent2: inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics sent3: a food preference is a kind of preference sent4: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] preferences are generally learned characteristics [AND] a food preference is a kind of preference [INFER] int1: food preference is a kind of learned characteristics [BECAUSE] inherited characteristics are the opposite of learned characteristics [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna [INFER] int2: learned characteristics are not inherited from parents [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: food preference is not inherited from parents
Question: Hereditary information is transmitted from parents to offspring through
Answer: genes.
Hypothesis: hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring through genes
Supporting facts: sent1: genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring sent2: inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] genes is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring [AND] inherited characteristics are a kind of hereditary information [INFER] int1: hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring through genes
Question: Which best explains why children resemble their parents?
Answer: They have similar DNA.
Hypothesis: children usually resemble parents
Supporting facts: sent1: resemble means similar characteristics sent2: childern is similar to offspring sent3: if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will have similar characteristics sent4: offspring receive genes from their parents through dna sent5: inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by dna
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] offspring receive genes from their parents through dna [AND] inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by dna [INFER] int1: offspring will have similar dna to their parents [BECAUSE] resemble means similar characteristics [AND] if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will have similar characteristics [INFER] int2: if two organisms share similar dna, then those two organisms will resemble each other [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [AND] childern is similar to offspring [INFER] int3: children usually resemble parents
Question: Dr. Tanaka discovered a new virus. The virus has a single strand of a nucleic acid, but she does not know if it is DNA or RNA. After running tests, she concludes that it is DNA. Which of the following would lead her to that conclusion?
Answer: It contains thymine.
Hypothesis: the researcher found a strand of dna
Supporting facts: sent1: thymine is found in dna sent2: dna is a kind of nucleic acid sent3: thymine cannot be found in rna sent4: a researcher found thymine in a strand of nucleic acid
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] thymine is found in dna [AND] dna is a kind of nucleic acid [AND] thymine cannot be found in rna [INFER] int1: if thymine is found in a strand of nucleic acid, then the nucleic acid is dna [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a researcher found thymine in a strand of nucleic acid [INFER] int2: the researcher found a strand of dna
Question: Which situation is an example of an inherited trait?
Answer: lions preying on zebras
Hypothesis: lions eating zebras is an example of inherited characteristic
Supporting facts: sent1: if an animal eats another animal, then the animal that is eaten is on the other animal's diet sent2: lion eat zebras sent3: a lion is a kind of animal sent4: the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic sent5: a zebra is a kind of animal
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if an animal eats another animal, then the animal that is eaten is on the other animal's diet [AND] lion eat zebras [AND] a lion is a kind of animal [AND] a zebra is a kind of animal [INFER] int1: zebras are on lions' diet [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a lion is a kind of animal [AND] the diet of an animal is an inherited characteristic [INFER] int2: lions eating zebras is an example of inherited characteristic
Question: Materials combine chemically or physically. Which materials form a new substance when chemically combined?
Answer: baking soda and vinegar
Hypothesis: combining baking soda and vinegar can cause chemical reactions
Supporting facts: sent1: baking soda can react chemically with vinegar sent2: baking soda is a kind of substance sent3: combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions sent4: vinegar is a kind of substance
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] baking soda is a kind of substance [AND] vinegar is a kind of substance [INFER] int1: combining baking soda and vinegar is combining two substance together [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] baking soda can react chemically with vinegar [AND] combining / mixing two substances chemically causes chemical reactions [INFER] int2: combining baking soda and vinegar can cause chemical reactions
Question: Which is an example of a physical change?
Answer: ice melting
Hypothesis: ice melting is a kind of physical change
Supporting facts: sent1: melting is a kind of phase change sent2: phase changes are a kind of physical change
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] melting is a kind of phase change [AND] phase changes are a kind of physical change [INFER] int1: ice melting is a kind of physical change
Question: Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as
Answer: an acid.
Hypothesis: lemon juice is sour in taste
Supporting facts: sent1: an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red sent2: lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red sent3: an acid is corrosive sent4: an acid is often sour in taste sent5: lemon juice is corrosive
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red [AND] an acid is corrosive [INFER] int1: an acid is corrosive and can change the color of litmus paper from blue to red [BECAUSE] lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red [AND] lemon juice is corrosive [INFER] int2: lemon juice is corrosive and can change the color of litmus paper from blue to red [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: lemon juice is a kind of acid [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] an acid is often sour in taste [INFER] int4: lemon juice is sour in taste
Question: Which of the following best describes an atom?
Answer: a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Hypothesis: an atom is made of a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Supporting facts: sent1: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent2: electrons surround the nucleus of an atom sent3: the nucleus is the core of an atom
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int1: the core of an atom is made of protons and neutrons [BECAUSE] electrons surround the nucleus of an atom [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int2: electrons surround the core of an atom [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: an atom is made of a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
Question: What would be the result of adding one proton to an atom?
Answer: the atomic number would change
Hypothesis: the atomic number of the atom will change
Supporting facts: sent1: adding one proton to an atom changes the proton number of the atom sent2: atomic number is determined by the proton number of an atom
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] adding one proton to an atom changes the proton number of the atom [AND] atomic number is determined by the proton number of an atom [INFER] int1: the atomic number of the atom will change
Question: Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in
Answer: the nucleus.
Hypothesis: most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus
Supporting facts: sent1: one proton has one atomic mass unit sent2: the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons sent3: one neutron has one atomic mass unit sent4: electrons have 0 in mass in the current atom model
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] one proton has one atomic mass unit [AND] one neutron has one atomic mass unit [AND] electrons have 0 in mass in the current atom model [INFER] int1: only protons and neutrons add mass to the atom [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the nucleus of an atom is usually made of both protons and neutrons [INFER] int2: most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus
Question: How is the structure of an atom best described?
Answer: a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Hypothesis: an atom has a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Supporting facts: sent1: the nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons sent2: a neutron has a neutral electric charge sent3: the nucleus is the core of an atom sent4: a proton has a positive 1 electric charge sent5: the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by  almost empty space
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a neutron has a neutral electric charge [AND] a proton has a positive 1 electric charge [INFER] int1: protons and neutrons together will be positive in charge [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons [INFER] int2: the nucleus of an atom is positive in charge [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] the nucleus is the core of an atom [INFER] int3: an atom has a positve charged core [BECAUSE] the nucleus is the core of an atom [AND] the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by  almost empty space [INFER] int4: the core of an atom is surrounded by almost empty space [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: an atom has a positive core surrounded by mostly empty space
Question: Where is the smallest negatively-charged particle found in an atom?
Answer: orbits around the nucleus
Hypothesis: the smallest, negatively-charged particles in the atom orbit the nucleus of the atom
Supporting facts: sent1: a electron has a negative -1 electric charge sent2: electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom sent3: electron is the smallest particle in an atom sent4: an electron is a kind of charged particle
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a electron has a negative -1 electric charge [AND] an electron is a kind of charged particle [INFER] int1: an electron is a kind of negtively charged particle [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] electron is the smallest particle in an atom [INFER] int2: electron is the smallest, negtively-charged particle in an atom [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom [INFER] int3: the smallest, negatively-charged particles in the atom orbit the nucleus of the atom
Question: Which part of an atom occupies the majority of the volume?
Answer: electrons
Hypothesis: electrons are part of an atom that take up the majority of the volume in an atom
Supporting facts: sent1: electrons take up the majority of the volume of an atom sent2: electrons are a part of an atom
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] electrons take up the majority of the volume of an atom [AND] electrons are a part of an atom [INFER] int1: electrons are part of an atom that take up the majority of the volume in an atom
Question: Which statement is true about the particles of a liquid compared to the particles of a gas?
Answer: Particles of a liquid are slower and closer together.
Hypothesis: particles in a liquid are closer together and slower than particles in a gas
Supporting facts: sent1: particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas sent2: particles in a liquid are slower than particles in a gas
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] particles in a liquid are closer together than particles in a gas [AND] particles in a liquid are slower than particles in a gas [INFER] int1: particles in a liquid are closer together and slower than particles in a gas
Question: Which of these is true when a piece of wood is completely burned in a fire?
Answer: The energy in the wood is transformed.
Hypothesis: the chemical energy in wood is transformed into thermal energy
Supporting facts: sent1: burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy sent2: a piece of wood is a kind of object sent3: objects contain chemical energy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a piece of wood is a kind of object [AND] objects contain chemical energy [INFER] int1: a piece of wood contains chemical energy [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy [INFER] int2: the chemical energy in wood is transformed into thermal energy
Question: When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?
Answer: water
Hypothesis: oxygen combining with hydrogen will form water
Supporting facts: sent1: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen sent2: oxygen combines with hydrogen
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] water is made of hydrogen and oxygen [AND] oxygen combines with hydrogen [INFER] int1: oxygen combining with hydrogen will form water
Question: Aluminum is an element. Which of the following best describes the smallest particle of aluminum that retains all the properties of aluminum?
Answer: an atom
Hypothesis: aluminum atom is the smallest particle that has the properties of aluminum
Supporting facts: sent1: the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element sent2: aluminum is a kind of element sent3: an element is made of one kind of atoms
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] aluminum is a kind of element [AND] an element is made of one kind of atoms [INFER] int1: aluminum is made of aluminum atoms [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the atom is the smallest unit / particle that has the properties of an element [AND] aluminum is a kind of element [INFER] int2: aluminum atom is the smallest particle that has the properties of aluminum