ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: When a person sees something, what carries the message from the eyes to the brain?
Answer: nerves
Hypothesis: nerves carry messages from the eyes to the brain
Supporting facts: sent1: seeing is used for sensing visual things sent2: sensory organs are a part of the body sent3: nerve cells conduct messages in the body sent4: sensory organs are used for sensing sent5: eyes are a part of a human for seeing sent6: something that conducts electricity can carry electricity sent7: messages in the body are electrical signals sent8: the brain is a part of a body sent9: nerves are made of nerve cells
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] nerve cells conduct messages in the body [AND] messages in the body are electrical signals [INFER] int1: nerve cells conduct messages in the body in the form of electrical signals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] something that conducts electricity can carry electricity [INFER] int2: nerve cells carry messages in the body in the form of electrical signals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] nerves are made of nerve cells [INFER] int3: nerves carry messages in the body [BECAUSE] sensory organs are a part of the body [AND] the brain is a part of a body [INFER] int4: sensory organs and the brain are parts of a body [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: nerves carry messages from sensory organs to the brain [BECAUSE] seeing is used for sensing visual things [AND] sensory organs are used for sensing [INFER] int6: some sensory organs are used for seeing [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] eyes are a part of a human for seeing [INFER] int7: eyes are a kind of sensory organ [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] int7 [INFER] int8: nerves carry messages from the eyes to the brain
Question: What are the two main jobs of the skeletal system?
Answer: support and protect the body
Hypothesis: protection and support are jobs of the skeletal system
Supporting facts: sent1: skeletal system is made of bones sent2: bone is rigid sent3: something hard can be used for protection sent4: if something is used for something else, then that something else is the job of that something sent5: bone is hard sent6: something rigid can be used to provide support
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bone is rigid [AND] something rigid can be used to provide support [INFER] int1: bones can be used to provide support [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int2: the skeletal system is used to provide support for animals [BECAUSE] something hard can be used for protection [AND] bone is hard [INFER] int3: bones can be used for protection [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] skeletal system is made of bones [INFER] int4: the skeletal system can be used for protection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: the skeletal system can be used for protection and support [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something is used for something else, then that something else is the job of that something [INFER] int6: protection and support are jobs of the skeletal system
Question: The body of a fish is covered by scales for
Answer: protection.
Hypothesis: scales are used for protection by fish
Supporting facts: sent1: scales are a covering around the body of a scaled animal sent2: a fish is a kind of scaled animal sent3: scales are used for protection by scaled animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] scales are a covering around the body of a scaled animal [AND] a fish is a kind of scaled animal [INFER] int1: fish is a kind of scaled animal with scales covering around the body [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] scales are used for protection by scaled animals [INFER] int2: scales are used for protection by fish
Question: One thing that all human cells have in common is that they
Answer: take in energy.
Hypothesis: all human cells take in energy
Supporting facts: sent1: all cells take in energy sent2: a human cell is a kind of cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] all cells take in energy [AND] a human cell is a kind of cell [INFER] int1: all human cells take in energy
Question: An elephant is a multicellular organism that weighs about 200 pounds at birth and can grow to weigh as much as 15,000 pounds. What increases as the elephant grows into an adult?
Answer: the number of cells in its body
Hypothesis: the number of cells in the adult elephant will be more than the number of cells in the baby elephant
Supporting facts: sent1: cell division often causes growth / healing sent2: cell division increases the number of cells in the body sent3: baby elephant will grow into adult elephant
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] cell division often causes growth / healing [AND] baby elephant will grow into adult elephant [INFER] int1: cell division causes the baby elephant to grow into adult elephant [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] cell division increases the number of cells in the body [INFER] int2: the number of cells in the adult elephant will be more than the number of cells in the baby elephant
Question: What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer: In mitosis, the products are identical to the parent cell, while in meiosis the products are different from the parent cell.
Hypothesis: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell and meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
Supporting facts: sent1: meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell sent2: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell [AND] mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell [INFER] int1: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell and meiosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
Question: Which is the result of mitosis?
Answer: two identical nuclei
Hypothesis: mitosis is a source of two identical nuclei
Supporting facts: sent1: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell sent2: mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell sent3: mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [AND] mitosis produces two diploid cells from a diploid parent cell [AND] mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell [INFER] int1: mitosis is a source of two identical nuclei
Question: Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?
Answer: a chloroplast
Hypothesis: chloroplast can only be found in a plant cell
Supporting facts: sent1: if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something sent2: chloroplast is a part of a plant cell sent3: only plant cells have chloroplast
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is a part of something then that something can be found in that something [AND] chloroplast is a part of a plant cell [INFER] int1: chloroplast can be found in a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] only plant cells have chloroplast [INFER] int2: chloroplast can only be found in a plant cell
Question: Which cell structure carries out a function for a cell that is similar to the function that bark carries out for a tree?
Answer: cell wall
Hypothesis: a cell wall has a similar function to the bark of a tree
Supporting facts: sent1: bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree sent2: a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell sent3: protecting is a kind of function
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] bark is a protective covering around the trunk of / branches of a tree [AND] protecting is a kind of function [INFER] int1: bark is used to protect the tree [BECAUSE] a cell wall provides support / protection / shape / structure for a plant cell [AND] protecting is a kind of function [INFER] int2: a cell wall is used to protect a plant cell [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int2 [INFER] int3: a cell wall has a similar function to the bark of a tree
Question: A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?
Answer: number of chromosomes
Hypothesis: the number of chromosomes of two somatic cells will most likely be the same
Supporting facts: sent1: a scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism sent2: two somatic cells from the same multicellular organism will have the same number of chromosomes sent3: somatic cells are body cells excluding the sex cells
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism [AND] somatic cells are body cells excluding the sex cells [INFER] int1: the scientist is comparing two somatic cells of a multicellular organism [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] two somatic cells from the same multicellular organism will have the same number of chromosomes [INFER] int2: the number of chromosomes of two somatic cells will most likely be the same
Question: Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?
Answer: nucleus-controls cell activities
Hypothesis: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Supporting facts: sent1: the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell sent2: a cell nucleus is a part of a cell
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the cell nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell [AND] a cell nucleus is a part of a cell [INFER] int1: the cell nucleus is part of the cell that controls many of the functions of the cell
Question: The starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?
Answer: vacuole
Hypothesis: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and starch for potato cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a potato is a kind of plant sent2: a vacuole is a kind of organelle sent3: a plant is made of plant cells sent4: vacuoles are used for storing water / food by cells sent5: starch is a kind of food sent6: a potato cell is a kind of plant cell found in potatoes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a potato is a kind of plant [AND] a plant is made of plant cells [INFER] int1: a potato is made of plant cells [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a potato cell is a kind of plant cell found in potatoes [INFER] int2: a potato is made of potato cells [BECAUSE] a vacuole is a kind of organelle [AND] vacuoles are used for storing water / food by cells [INFER] int3: vacuoles are the organelles that are used for storing water and food for cells [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and food for potato cells [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] starch is a kind of food [INFER] int5: vacuoles are the organelles that store water and starch for potato cells
Question: Which of these is never found in prokaryotic cells?
Answer: nucleus
Hypothesis: a nucleus cannot be found in prokaryotic cells
Supporting facts: sent1: a prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus sent2: if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus [AND] if something does not contain something else, then that something else cannot be found in that something [INFER] int1: a nucleus cannot be found in prokaryotic cells
Question: Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?
Answer: leaf
Hypothesis: a leaf makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates
Supporting facts: sent1: a leaf performs photosynthesis sent2: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent3: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] sunlight is a kind of solar energy [AND] photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates [INFER] int1: photosynthesis makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a leaf performs photosynthesis [INFER] int2: a leaf makes food for the plant by converting sunlight into carbohydrates
Question: What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Answer: absorbing light energy
Hypothesis: chlorophyll is used for absorbing light energy by plants
Supporting facts: sent1: a plant is a kind of organism sent2: in the photosynthesis process sunlight has the role of raw material sent3: light is a kind of energy sent4: sunlight is a kind of light sent5: using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material sent6: photosynthesis means green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves sent7: a leaf is a part of a plant sent8: if an organism uses a process to convert something into something else, then that something is used for that process sent9: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent10: photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process sent11: chlorophyll is found in the cells of leaves sent12: a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] photosynthesis means green plants convert from carbon dioxide and water and solar energy into carbohydrates and food and oxygen for themselves [AND] sunlight is a kind of solar energy [INFER] int1: photosynthesis means plants convert carbon dioxide and water and sunlight into carbohydrates and food and oxygen [BECAUSE] a plant is a kind of organism [AND] if an organism uses a process to convert something into something else, then that something is used for that process [INFER] int2: if a plant uses a process to convert something into something else then that something is used for that process [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] photosynthesis is a kind of chemical process [INFER] int3: if a plant uses photosynthesis to convert something into something else then that something is used for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: a plant uses sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] in the photosynthesis process sunlight has the role of raw material [INFER] int5: a plant uses the raw material sunlight for photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] using a raw material sometimes requires absorbing that raw material [INFER] int6: a plant absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] a leaf absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis [AND] a leaf is a part of a plant [INFER] int7: a leaf is a part of a plant that absorbs sunlight to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] chlorophyll is found in the cells of leaves [INFER] int8: chlorophyll is found in the cells of parts of plants that absorb sunlight to perform photosynthesis [BECAUSE] int6 [AND] int8 [INFER] int9: chlorophyll is used for absorbing sunlight by plants [BECAUSE] light is a kind of energy [AND] sunlight is a kind of light [INFER] int10: sunlight is a kind of light energy [BECAUSE] int10 [AND] int9 [INFER] int11: chlorophyll is used for absorbing light energy by plants
Question: Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?
Answer: The acorns will have a chance to sprout.
Hypothesis: an acorn may sprout when buried in soil
Supporting facts: sent1: an acorn is a kind of seed sent2: burying a plant in soil is a kind of method for providing soil to that plant sent3: if something is required for a process then that process may occur if that something is provided sent4: a seed is a kind of young plant sent5: seeds sprouting causes plants to grow sent6: a plant requires soil for to grow
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a seed is a kind of young plant [AND] seeds sprouting causes plants to grow [INFER] int1: a seed / young plant sprouting causes that seed / young plant to grow [BECAUSE] if something is required for a process then that process may occur if that something is provided [AND] a plant requires soil for to grow [INFER] int2: a plant may grow if it soil is provided [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] burying a plant in soil is a kind of method for providing soil to that plant [INFER] int3: a plant may grow if buried in soil [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] int3 [INFER] int4: seeds may sprout when buried in soil [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] an acorn is a kind of seed [INFER] int5: an acorn may sprout when buried in soil
Question: Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following?
Answer: minerals
Hypothesis: leafy vegetables are a good source of minerals
Supporting facts: sent1: eating leafy vegetables is important for human health sent2: if something has a positive impact on something else then that something is important to that something else sent3: an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive sent4: if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing sent5: eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things sent6: some minerals are nutrients
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an animal requires enough nutrients to maintain good health / survive [AND] if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing [INFER] int1: nutrients have a positive impact on an living thing's health [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] eating / taking in food is used to get nutrients / energy by animals / living things [INFER] int2: getting nutrients from eating has a positive impact on a living thing's health [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] some minerals are nutrients [INFER] int3: getting minerals from eating has a positive impact on a living thing's health [BECAUSE] eating leafy vegetables is important for human health [AND] if something has a positive impact on something else then that something is important to that something else [INFER] int4: eating leafy vegetables has a positive impact on human health [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: leafy vegetables are a good source of minerals
Question: Which of these conditions most likely results from infection?
Answer: swelling of throat tissues
Hypothesis: the swelling of throat tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection
Supporting facts: sent1: infection can cause bodily tissues to swell sent2: throat tissue is a kind of bodily tissue sent3: the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition sent4: if something causes something else then that something else results from that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] infection can cause bodily tissues to swell [AND] if something causes something else then that something else results from that something [INFER] int1: the swelling of bodily tissues can result from infection [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition [INFER] int2: the swelling of bodily tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] throat tissue is a kind of bodily tissue [INFER] int3: the swelling of throat tissues is a kind of condition that can result from infection
Question: What is one way that humans can maintain good health?
Answer: exercise daily
Hypothesis: exercise can help a human maintain good health
Supporting facts: sent1: being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health sent2: exercising causes the body to become stronger sent3: if something has a positive impact on health then that something can help to maintain good health
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] being stronger usually has a positive impact on an organism 's / living thing 's health [AND] exercising causes the body to become stronger [INFER] int1: exercise has a positive impact on a human 's health [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something has a positive impact on health then that something can help to maintain good health [INFER] int2: exercise can help a human maintain good health
Question: Which area is coldest?
Answer: tundra
Hypothesis: a tundra is a kind of area that is usually very cold in temperature
Supporting facts: sent1: an environment is a kind of area sent2: the tundra environment usually is very cold in temperature sent3: the tundra is a kind of environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] an environment is a kind of area [AND] the tundra is a kind of environment [INFER] int1: a tundra is a kind of area [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] the tundra environment usually is very cold in temperature [INFER] int2: a tundra is a kind of area that is usually very cold in temperature
Question: Some foods that humans eat, such as corn and peas, are actually seeds from plants. What best describes the role of humans in a food web containing these plants?
Answer: a consumer
Hypothesis: in the food chain process a human has the role of consumer
Supporting facts: sent1: a human is a kind of animal sent2: in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats other organisms for food sent3: a plant is a kind of organism sent4: a seed is a part of a plant sent5: humans eat seeds
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a seed is a part of a plant [AND] humans eat seeds [INFER] int1: humans eat parts of plants [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a plant is a kind of organism [INFER] int2: humans eat organisms [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a human is a kind of animal [AND] in the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats other organisms for food [INFER] int3: in the food chain process a human has the role of consumer
Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Each organism on Earth is a part of a complex relationship with other organisms. This relationship is called a food web. The following organisms are part of a food web typically located in and around a reservoir. algae fish rabbit eagle pine tree grass field mouse Which member of the food web is a carnivore?
Answer: eagle
Hypothesis: an eagle is a kind of carnivore
Supporting facts: sent1: carnivores only eat animals sent2: eagles eat snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice sent3: eagles do not eat plants sent4: snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice are kinds of animals
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] eagles eat snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice [AND] snakes / lizards / rats / rabbits / mice are kinds of animals [INFER] int1: eagles eat animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] eagles do not eat plants [INFER] int2: eagles only eat animals [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] carnivores only eat animals [INFER] int3: an eagle is a kind of carnivore