ariesutiono/entailment-bank-v3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which event occurs on a daily cycle?
Answer: The Sun rises and sets.
Hypothesis: the sun rising and setting is the event that occurs once per day
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun rising / setting occurs once per day sent2: the sun setting is a kind of event sent3: the sun rising is a kind of event
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun rising / setting occurs once per day [AND] the sun setting is a kind of event [AND] the sun rising is a kind of event [INFER] int1: the sun rising and setting is the event that occurs once per day
Question: Which statement correctly describes a relationship between the distance from Earth and a characteristic of a star?
Answer: As the distance from Earth to the star decreases, its apparent brightness increases.
Hypothesis: as the distance of the star to earth decreases, the star will appear brighter
Supporting facts: sent1: as the source of light becomes closer , that source of light will appear brighter sent2: a star produces light and heat sent3: distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far sent4: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a star produces light and heat [AND] a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something [INFER] int1: a star is a source of light [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] as the source of light becomes closer , that source of light will appear brighter [AND] distance is a property of space and includes ordered values of close / far [INFER] int2: as the distance of the star to earth decreases, the star will appear brighter
Question: The measure of the amount of light received on Earth from a star is known as
Answer: apparent magnitude.
Hypothesis: apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star as observed on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a celestial object / celestial body as observed on earth sent2: a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a celestial object / celestial body as observed on earth [AND] a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body [INFER] int1: apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star as observed on earth
Question: In New York State, the shortest period of daylight occurs during which month?
Answer: December
Hypothesis: new york state has the least sunlight during december
Supporting facts: sent1: united states is located in the northern hemisphere sent2: december is during the winter in the northern hemisphere sent3: new york / new york state is a state located in the united states of america sent4: winter has the least sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] united states is located in the northern hemisphere [AND] new york / new york state is a state located in the united states of america [INFER] int1: new york state is located in the northern hemisphere [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] december is during the winter in the northern hemisphere [INFER] int2: december is during the winter for new york state [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] winter has the least sunlight [INFER] int3: new york state has the least sunlight during december
Question: What motion causes day and night?
Answer: rotation of Earth
Hypothesis: earth rotating on its axis causes the cycle of day and night on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet sent2: earth is a kind of planet sent3: the earth rotates on its tilted axis sent4: rotation is the circular movement of an object around a center / axis
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth is a kind of planet [AND] the earth rotates on its tilted axis [INFER] int1: earth is a planet that rotates on its tilted axis [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet [AND] rotation is the circular movement of an object around a center / axis [INFER] int2: earth rotating on its axis causes the cycle of day and night on earth
Question: Ellie is growing a vegetable garden. In which season do the plants in Ellie's garden receive the most energy from the Sun for growing?
Answer: summer
Hypothesis: the plants in the gardens will receive the most sunlight in summer to grow during the day
Supporting facts: sent1: gradens contain plants sent2: if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight sent3: gardens are located outside sent4: a plant requires sunlight to grow sent5: summer has the most sunlight
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] gradens contain plants [AND] gardens are located outside [INFER] int1: the plants in the gardens are located outside [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight [INFER] int2: the plants in the gardens will receive sunlight during the day [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a plant requires sunlight to grow [INFER] int3: the plants in the gardens will receive sunlight to grow during the day [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] summer has the most sunlight [INFER] int4: the plants in the gardens will receive the most sunlight in summer to grow during the day
Question: Which explains the pattern of day and night?
Answer: Earth spins on its axis.
Hypothesis: the earth rotating on its tilted axis causes the cycles of day and night on earth
Supporting facts: sent1: earth rotating on its tilted axis occurs once per day sent2: earth is a kind of planet sent3: a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] earth rotating on its tilted axis occurs once per day [AND] earth is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: the earth is a planet that rotates on its tilted axis once per day [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet [INFER] int2: the earth rotating on its tilted axis causes the cycles of day and night on earth
Question: A student learns that one year on Mercury is about 88 Earth days. This means it takes 88 Earth days for Mercury to
Answer: make one complete orbit around the Sun.
Hypothesis: a complete orbit of mercury around the sun takes around 88 earth days
Supporting facts: sent1: one mercury year is about 88 earth days sent2: mercury is a kind of planet sent3: planets in the solar system orbit the sun sent4: mercury is located in the solar system sent5: a complete revolution / orbit of a planet around its star takes 1 / one planetary year
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] mercury is a kind of planet [AND] mercury is located in the solar system [INFER] int1: mercury is a planet in the solar system [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] planets in the solar system orbit the sun [INFER] int2: mercury is a planet orbits the sun in the solar system [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a complete revolution / orbit of a planet around its star takes 1 / one planetary year [INFER] int3: a complete orbit of mercury around the sun takes one mercury year [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] one mercury year is about 88 earth days [INFER] int4: a complete orbit of mercury around the sun takes around 88 earth days
Question: The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be possible for a solar eclipse to occur?
Answer: new moon
Hypothesis: a solar eclipse could only happen during the new moon
Supporting facts: sent1: the new moon is when the moon is in between the sun and the earth sent2: a solar eclipse is when the moon blocks the earth from the sun sent3: the new moon is when the dark half of the moon faces the earth
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the new moon is when the moon is in between the sun and the earth [AND] the new moon is when the dark half of the moon faces the earth [INFER] int1: the new moon is when the moon could block the earth from the sun [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a solar eclipse is when the moon blocks the earth from the sun [INFER] int2: a solar eclipse could only happen during the new moon
Question: What best describes objects orbiting in the Kuiper Belt?
Answer: icy
Hypothesis: objects in kuiper belt are icy
Supporting facts: sent1: icy can be used to describe objects that are made of ice sent2: objects generally are made of ice in the kuiper belt
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] icy can be used to describe objects that are made of ice [AND] objects generally are made of ice in the kuiper belt [INFER] int1: objects in kuiper belt are icy
Question: The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?
Answer: comets
Hypothesis: comets are the kind of celestial object that has a highly elliptical orbit and has a period of over 1000 years
Supporting facts: sent1: a comet orbit occurs usually once per 1000 years sent2: comet orbits are elliptical sent3: a comet is a kind of celestial object
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a comet orbit occurs usually once per 1000 years [AND] comet orbits are elliptical [AND] a comet is a kind of celestial object [INFER] int1: comets are the kind of celestial object that has a highly elliptical orbit and has a period of over 1000 years
Question: A student observes a glowing band across the night sky. This glowing band is most likely
Answer: a partial view of the Milky Way galaxy.
Hypothesis: the student observes the milky way galaxy at night
Supporting facts: sent1: a student observes a glowing band across the night sky sent2: the milky way galaxy appears as a glowing band across the night sky
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a student observes a glowing band across the night sky [AND] the milky way galaxy appears as a glowing band across the night sky [INFER] int1: the student observes the milky way galaxy at night
Question: Why is it safer to look at the Moon than it is to look at the Sun?
Answer: The Moon is less bright.
Hypothesis: looking at the moon has less of a negative impact on the eyes
Supporting facts: sent1: the moon is less bright than the sun sent2: looking at bright objects has a negative impact on the eyes
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the moon is less bright than the sun [AND] looking at bright objects has a negative impact on the eyes [INFER] int1: looking at the moon has less of a negative impact on the eyes
Question: Which physical characteristic of Earth is similar to a physical characteristic of the Moon?
Answer: its mountain ranges
Hypothesis: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Supporting facts: sent1: the surface of the earth contains mountains sent2: the surface of the moon contains mountains
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the surface of the earth contains mountains [AND] the surface of the moon contains mountains [INFER] int1: both the surface of the moon and the surface of the earth contain mountains
Question: Which of these locations in the solar system contains the most asteroids?
Answer: between Mars and Jupiter
Hypothesis: the asteroid belt that contains the largest concentration of asteroids is located between mars and jupiter
Supporting facts: sent1: the asteroid belt is located between mars and jupiter sent2: the asteroid belt contains the largest concentration of asteroids in the solar system
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the asteroid belt is located between mars and jupiter [AND] the asteroid belt contains the largest concentration of asteroids in the solar system [INFER] int1: the asteroid belt that contains the largest concentration of asteroids is located between mars and jupiter
Question: Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?
Answer: average size, average temperature
Hypothesis: the sun is average in size and average in temperature in our galaxy
Supporting facts: sent1: the sun is average in temperature for a star in our galaxy sent2: the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the sun is average in temperature for a star in our galaxy [AND] the sun is average in size for a star in our galaxy [INFER] int1: the sun is average in size and average in temperature in our galaxy
Question: Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope?
Answer: moons around Jupiter
Hypothesis: a reflecting telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter
Supporting facts: sent1: a reflecting telescope is a kind of telescope sent2: moons orbit planets sent3: jupiter is a kind of planet sent4: a telescope is used for observing moons by astronomers
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] moons orbit planets [AND] jupiter is a kind of planet [INFER] int1: moons orbit jupiter [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] a telescope is used for observing moons by astronomers [INFER] int2: a telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a reflecting telescope is a kind of telescope [INFER] int3: a reflecting telescope can be used to observe the moons that orbit around jupiter
Question: The Moon orbits Earth at a speed of approximately one kilometer per second. The Moon is kept in orbit by which of the following?
Answer: gravity
Hypothesis: gravity causes the moon to orbit around the earth
Supporting facts: sent1: the moon orbits the earth sent2: gravity causes orbits
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the moon orbits the earth [AND] gravity causes orbits [INFER] int1: gravity causes the moon to orbit around the earth
Question: Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?
Answer: Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
Hypothesis: the grand canyon used to be covered by oceans in the past
Supporting facts: sent1: fossils of ocean animals were found at the grand canyon sent2: if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past sent3: ocean animals are a kind of water animals living in oceans sent4: the grand canyon is a kind of place sent5: an ocean is a kind of body of water
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [AND] ocean animals are a kind of water animals living in oceans [AND] an ocean is a kind of body of water [INFER] int1: if fossils of ocean animals are found in a place then that place used to be covered in ocean in the past [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] fossils of ocean animals were found at the grand canyon [AND] the grand canyon is a kind of place [INFER] int2: the grand canyon used to be covered by oceans in the past
Question: Which of these provides the best evidence that the environment of Earth has changed over millions of years?
Answer: marine fossils found in mountains
Hypothesis: the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains
Supporting facts: sent1: marine fossils means fossils of marine animals sent2: if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past sent3: a mountain is a kind of environment sent4: if something used to be in the past then that something has changed sent5: a body of water is a kind of environment sent6: marine animals are water animals sent7: marine fossils are found in mountains
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] marine fossils means fossils of marine animals [AND] marine animals are water animals [INFER] int1: marine fossils are fossils of water animals [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] marine fossils are found in mountains [INFER] int2: fossils of water animals are found in mountains [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past [INFER] int3: the mountains used to be covered by water in the past [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] a mountain is a kind of environment [AND] if something used to be in the past then that something has changed [AND] a body of water is a kind of environment [INFER] int4: the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains
Question: Quartz and feldspar are two common minerals. When they are found mixed together in nature they form
Answer: rocks.
Hypothesis: sometimes rocks are formed by quartz and feldspar mixed together
Supporting facts: sent1: feldspar is a kind of mineral sent2: rock is made of minerals sent3: quartz is a kind of mineral
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] feldspar is a kind of mineral [AND] rock is made of minerals [AND] quartz is a kind of mineral [INFER] int1: sometimes rocks are formed by quartz and feldspar mixed together
Question: Structural geologists study rock formations to determine the type of environment in which the rocks formed and the events that shaped the rocks. Paleontologists study fossils found in rock formations. Scientists in both these fields have a common interest in discovering the
Answer: history and processes of Earth.
Hypothesis: structural geologists and paleontologists both study the history and processes of earth
Supporting facts: sent1: paleontologists study fossils in rock formations sent2: the formation of something is a kind of process sent3: fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth sent4: structural geologists study rock formations sent5: rock formation can be used to study the history of rocks on earth sent6: how earth 's environment changed is a part of the history of earth 's environment
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] the formation of something is a kind of process [AND] rock formation can be used to study the history of rocks on earth [INFER] int1: studying rock formations can mean studying the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] structural geologists study rock formations [INFER] int2: structural geologists study the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth [AND] how earth 's environment changed is a part of the history of earth 's environment [INFER] int3: studying fossils in rock formations can mean studying the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] paleontologists study fossils in rock formations [INFER] int4: paleontologists study the history and processes of earth [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] int4 [INFER] int5: structural geologists and paleontologists both study the history and processes of earth
Question: Rocks in warm and humid environments can be weathered faster than rocks in other environments. Which is most likely the next step in the rock cycle for weathered rocks?
Answer: They become eroded.
Hypothesis: after weathering, erosion will be the next step in the rock cycle
Supporting facts: sent1: in the rock cycle , erosion follows weathering sent2: if a step follows another step , then that step will be the next step
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] in the rock cycle , erosion follows weathering [AND] if a step follows another step , then that step will be the next step [INFER] int1: after weathering, erosion will be the next step in the rock cycle
Question: Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by
Answer: increased pressure.
Hypothesis: exposure to increased pressure metamorphoses shale into slate
Supporting facts: sent1: exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes / metamorphoses sedimentary / igneous rock into metamorphic rock sent2: slate is a kind of metamorphic rock sent3: shale is a kind of sedimentary rock sent4: increasing something causes its value to become higher sent5: extreme means very high in value
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] increasing something causes its value to become higher [AND] extreme means very high in value [INFER] int1: increasing something causes that something to become extreme [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes / metamorphoses sedimentary / igneous rock into metamorphic rock [INFER] int2: exposure to increased pressure metamorphoses sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] shale is a kind of sedimentary rock [INFER] int3: exposure to increased pressure metamorphoses shale into metamorphic rock [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] slate is a kind of metamorphic rock [INFER] int4: exposure to increased pressure metamorphoses shale into slate
Question: Rocks found on Earth are classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on
Answer: how the rocks were formed.
Hypothesis: rocks can be classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on how the rock was formed
Supporting facts: sent1: class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous sent2: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent3: a class of something means a type of something sent4: classifying is when one sorts something by type
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] a class of something means a type of something [AND] classifying is when one sorts something by type [INFER] int1: classifying is when one sorts something by class [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int2: rocks can be classified by how the rock was formed [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous [INFER] int3: rocks can be classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on how the rock was formed
Question: Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
Answer: how they formed
Hypothesis: rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on how they are formed
Supporting facts: sent1: classifying is when one sorts something by type sent2: class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous sent3: class is a measure of how a rock is formed sent4: a class of something means a type of something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] classifying is when one sorts something by type [AND] a class of something means a type of something [INFER] int1: classifying is when one sorts something by class [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] class is a measure of how a rock is formed [INFER] int2: rocks can be classified by how they are formed [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous [INFER] int3: rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on how they are formed
Question: Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of
Answer: carbon.
Hypothesis: a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material includes high amounts of carbon
Supporting facts: sent1: organic compounds mainly are made of carbon / hydrogen / oxygen / nitrogen sent2: an organism is a source of organic material sent3: organisms are made of organic compounds sent4: if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material sent5: if something is formed from a material then that something is made of that material sent6: a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material sent7: organic material is a kind of material sent8: if something is mainly made of something else then that something contains high amounts of that something else sent9: to contain something means to include something
Reasoning: [BECAUSE] if something is made of something / a material then that something contains that something / that material [AND] if something is formed from a material then that something is made of that material [INFER] int1: if something is formed from a material then that something contains that material [BECAUSE] int1 [AND] organic material is a kind of material [INFER] int2: if something is formed from organic material then that something contains organic material [BECAUSE] int2 [AND] a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material [INFER] int3: a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material contains organic material [BECAUSE] an organism is a source of organic material [AND] organisms are made of organic compounds [INFER] int4: organic material is made of organic compounds [BECAUSE] int4 [AND] organic compounds mainly are made of carbon / hydrogen / oxygen / nitrogen [INFER] int5: organic material is mainly made of carbon [BECAUSE] int5 [AND] if something is mainly made of something else then that something contains high amounts of that something else [INFER] int6: organic material contains high amounts of carbon [BECAUSE] int3 [AND] int6 [INFER] int7: a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material contains high amounts of carbon [BECAUSE] int7 [AND] to contain something means to include something [INFER] int8: a sedimentary deposit formed from organic material includes high amounts of carbon