Patient case: 19-year-old female with long QT syndrome; genetic feature: KCNH2

Clinical trial: Phase 3 IGIV, 10% in Alzheimer´s Disease

Summary: The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of efficacy and safety to support the development of IGIV, 10% as a treatment option for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer´s Disease.


Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  Males or females of age 50 to 89 years inclusive at the time of screening
  -  Written informed consent obtained from either the subject or the subject's legally authorized representative prior to any study-related procedures
  -  Written informed consent obtained from an able and competent caregiver who is willing to comply with the requirements of the protocol pertaining to him/her, including facilitating the subject's participation in the study
  -  Diagnosis of Probable Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) according to NINCDS-ADRDA* 1984 criteria (* National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association)
  -  Dementia of mild to moderate severity (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] 16-26 inclusive at the time of screening)
  -  Neuroimaging (computed tomography [CT] or MRI) performed after symptom onset consistent with AD diagnosis
  -  Willingness to comply with the requirements of the protocol and ability to comply with testing and infusion regimen, including adequate corrected visual acuity and hearing ability
  -  For at least 12 weeks prior to screening, on stable doses of AD medication(s) approved by local regulatory authorities. Subjects must not be on two acetylcholinesterase inhibitors concurrently.
  -  Venous access for repeated infusion and phlebotomy
  -  If receiving psychoactive medications (eg, antidepressants other than monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAOIs] and most tricyclics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers, etc.), must be on stable doses for at least 6 weeks prior to screening
  -  For women of childbearing potential, the subject must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and must agree to employ adequate contraceptive measures (eg, birth control pills/patches, intrauterine device, or diaphragm or condom [for male partner] with spermicidal jelly or foam) throughout the course of the study
  -  For subjects with a coronary artery stent, the subject must receive documented medical clearance from an interventional cardiologist stating that the subject is not at increased risk for stent occlusion with immunoglobulin treatment
  -  For subjects with an endovascular stent, the subject must receive documented medical clearance from a vascular surgeon stating that the subject is not at increased risk for thromboembolic events with immunoglobulin treatment
  Main Exclusion Criteria:
  -  Possible AD by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria or non-Alzheimer dementia (eg, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, or dementia arising from other diseases or conditions such as Parkinson's disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid abnormalities)
  -  Current residence in a skilled nursing facility
  -  Contraindication to undergoing MRI (eg, pacemaker [with the exception of an MRI-compatible pacemaker], severe claustrophobia, ferromagnetic implants such as a metal plate)
  -  Clinically significant congestive heart failure (eg, New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class III/IV symptoms or untreated Class II)
  -  Current atrial fibrillation of unstable angina (angina at rest) or history of myocardial infarction within the 12 months prior to screening
  -  Uncontrolled hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure > 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic > 100 mm Hg confirmed upon repeated measures
  -  History of thrombosis and/or thromboembolic disease (central or peripheral) within the 12 months prior to screening
  -  Known history of procoagulant abnormalities (eg, factor V Leiden, antiphospholipid syndrome, protein S/protein C deficiency, AT III deficiency)
  -  History of intracerebral hemorrhage within the 5 years prior to screening
  -  Evidence on MRI of: greater than 4 microhemorrhages (regardless of their anatomical location or diagnostic characterization as "possible" or "definite"), a single area of superficial siderosis, vasogenic edema, a macrohemorrhage, major stroke, prominent white matter disease with a rating score of 3 on the age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale from the European Task Force on ARWMC, or multiple lacunae (defined as more than 2 lacunae that are greater than 0.5 mm in size)
  -  Head trauma with loss of consciousness, contusion, or open head injury within the 12 months prior to screening
  -  Uncontrolled seizure disorder as defined by two or more breakthrough seizures per year despite adequate antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment
  -  Modified Hachinski score > 4 at time of screening
  -  Subjects with active malignancy or history of malignancy within 5 years prior to screening with the exception of the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, and stable prostate cancer not requiring treatment
  -  Active autoimmune or neuro-immunologic disorder
  -  Uncontrolled major depression, psychosis, or other major psychiatric disorder(s)
  -  Poorly controlled diabetes, defined as glycosylated (or glycated) hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% at screening
  -  Creatinine clearance < 50% of normal adjusted for age and gender, as calculated according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula, at the time of screening
  -  Known history of untreated vitamin B12 deficiency within 6 months prior to screening, or clinically significant abnormally low vitamin B12 at the time of screening
  -  Abnormal clinical chemistry panel or hematology panel meeting any one of the following criteria:
  -  Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
  -  Clinically significant anemia that precludes repeated blood sampling or hemoglobin (Hgb) < 10.0 g/dL
  -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1000 cells/µL
  -  Known coagulopathy or platelet counts < 100,000 cells/µL
  -  Total serum protein > 9 g/dL
  -  Known history of or positive serology at screening for one or more of the following: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1/2 antibody
  -  Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (< 8 mg/dL)
  -  Known history of hypersensitivity following infusions of human blood or blood components (e.g. human immunoglobulins or human albumin)
  -  Currently receiving or has received: anti-CD20 therapy within 12 months prior to screening, or other immunomodulatory therapies (e.g. anti-TNF, anti-IL-1, interferon) within 12 weeks prior to screening. The following exceptions are allowed: non-systemic corticosteroids (eg, topical, opthalmic or inhaled glucocorticoids) and low-dose systemic corticosteroids (prednisone < 10 mg/day or its equivalent)
  -  Currently receiving or has received intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment within the 2 years prior to screening, or has received immunoglobulin in Baxter Protocol 160701
  -  Currently receiving or has received at any time active immunization aimed at modulating AD progression
  -  Currently receiving or has received within 12 months prior to screening any investigational device, drug or biologic (eg passive immunotherapies with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies) aimed at modulating AD progression
  -  Subject has been exposed to an investigational product (IP) or investigational device within 12 weeks prior to screening or is scheduled to participate in another clinical study involving an IP or investigational device during the course of this study
  -  Subject is a family member or employee of the investigator
  -  The subject is nursing or intends to begin nursing during the course of the study
  -  Any disorder or disease, or clinically significant abnormality on laboratory or other clinical test(s) (eg, blood tests, urine tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray), that in medical judgment may impede the subject's participation in the study, pose increased risk to the subject, or confound the results of the study
  -  Currently receiving anti-coagulant agent and/or anti-platelet agent other than acetylsalicylic acid (a.k.a. aspirin)

Relevance to patient case: not relevant