Patient case: 26-year-old female with chondrosarcoma; genetic feature: IDH1

Clinical trial: MDM2 Inhibitor AMG-232 and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Summary: This phase Ib trial studies the side effects of MDM2 inhibitor AMG-232 and radiation therapy in treating patients with soft tissue sarcoma. MDM2 inhibitor AMG-232 may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving MDM2 inhibitor AMG-232 and radiation therapy before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MDM2 inhibitor AMG-232 (AMG 232) in combination with standard-dose radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in two separate patient cohorts (A, extremity or body wall; B, abdomen/pelvis/retroperitoneum).
  II. To determine the maximum tolerated dose/recommended phase II dose (maximum tolerated dose/recommended phase 2 dosage [MTD/RP2D]) of AMG 232 in combination with radiotherapy.
  SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To observe and record anti-tumor activity. II. To determine % necrosis and pathologic complete response (pCR) in final surgical resection specimen.
  III. To determine % local failure (LF), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years.
  IV. To determine pharmacodynamics (PD) effects of AMG 232 when combined with radiotherapy by assessing serial serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC)-1 levels.
  V. To determine AMG 232 exposure (pharmacokinetics)-response relationships (PD, toxicity, and efficacy).
  TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To determine tumor volume changes determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) with and without contrast pre- and post-radiotherapy.
  II. To characterize clinical outcomes in patients treated with AMG 232 by genomic biomarkers.
  III. To determine the correlation between mdm2/4 expression determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the protein levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  IV. To explore the possibility of identifying tumor genetic mutations in (1) cell-free (cf) circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA), (2) deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) isolated from exosomes, and determine the concordance of these results and that from NGS.
  OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation study.
  Patients receive MDM2 inhibitor AMG-232 orally (PO) on day 2, days 2 and 4, days 2-4, days 2-5, or days 1-5 of weeks -1 to 5. Patients also undergo radiation therapy daily on weeks 1-5. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years, and then at 2.5 years.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
  -  Patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of grade 2-3 (intermediate or high grade) soft tissue sarcoma with size >= 5 cm are eligible to enroll if the intention to treat is curative; they must have sufficient tissue to submit to central laboratory for review as well as for NGS sequencing (see submission requirement); availability of tumor tissue is mandatory for study eligibility; the patient must have consented to provide archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue for future central pathology review, NGS sequencing and/or translational research
  -  Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:
  -  History/physical examination within 30 days prior to registration;
  -  Imaging of the primary tumor by MRI and/or computed tomography (CT) with and without contrast and/or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT within 60 days prior to registration;
  -  Staging workup evaluated by chest CT and/or PET/CT showing no distant metastasis within 60 days prior to registration
  -  There is a planned definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor
  -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/uL within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Platelet count >= 100,000/uL within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Hemoglobin: >= 8 g/dL (no transfusions within 7 days) within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 ml/min (by Cockroft-Gault formula) within 30 days prior to registration
  -  The patient has an adequate coagulation function as defined by international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 x ULN, and partial thromboplastin time (PTT or aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN (those receiving anticoagulation therapy except low molecular weight heparin are excluded) within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age (except for patients with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL) within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) < 2.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age within 30 days prior to registration
  -  Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration; exceptions: females not of child-bearing potential due to surgical sterilization (at least 6 weeks following tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy) confirmed by medical history; or female after menopause
  -  A "postmenopausal woman" is a woman meeting either of the following criteria:
  -  Spontaneous amenorrhea for at least 12 months, not induced by a medical condition such as anorexia nervosa and not taking medications during the amenorrhea that induced the amenorrhea (for example, oral contraceptives, hormones, gonadotropin releasing hormone, antiestrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], or chemotherapy)
  -  Spontaneous amenorrhea for 6 to 12 months and a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level > 40 mIU/mL
  -  Females of child-bearing potential and males must agree to use highly effective contraceptive precautions during the trial and up to 12 months following the last dose of study treatment; a highly effective method of birth control is defined as one that results in a low failure rate (that is, < 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly, such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner
  -  The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry
  -  PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
  -  TP53 sequencing by NGS performed by central pathology lab
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION EXCLUSION CRITERIA
  -  Well-differentiated liposarcoma or other low grade STS; Kaposi sarcoma, bone sarcomas, cartilage sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
  -  Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease; indeterminant lung nodules less than 8 mm are acceptable
  -  The patient has history of another primary malignancy, with the exception of
  -  Curatively treated non-melanomatous skin cancer;
  -  Curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ;
  -  Non-metastatic prostate cancer
  -  Other primary non-hematologic malignancies or solid tumor treated with curative intent, no known active disease, and no treatment administered during the last 3 years prior to registration
  -  The patient has a serious cardiac condition, such as congestive heart failure; New York Heart Association class II/ III/IV heart disease; unstable angina pectoris, cardiac stenting within 6 months of enrollment; myocardial infarction within the last 3 months; valvulopathy that is severe, moderate, or deemed clinically significant; or arrhythmias that are symptomatic or require treatment
  -  Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
  -  Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer (sarcoma); note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; however, unresolved toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy, defined as not having resolved to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 grade 0 or 1, or to levels dictated in the eligibility criteria with the exception of alopecia (grade 2 or 3 toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy that are considered irreversible [defined as having been present and stable for > 6 months], such as ifosfamide-related proteinuria, may be allowed if they are not otherwise described in the exclusion criteria AND there is agreement to allow by both the investigator and sponsor)
  -  Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
  -  Clinically significant bleeding within 4 weeks of screening, current use of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors unless these medications can be safely discontinued 14 days prior to AMG-232 administration; Note: low molecular weight heparin and prophylactic low dose warfarin are permitted; PT/PTT must meet the inclusion criteria; subjects taking warfarin must have their INR followed closely
  -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to AMG 232
  -  All subjects must agree to stop the use of all herbal medicines (e.g., St. John's wort), and supplements, within the 10 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232, and during the protocol AMG 232 treatment (weeks 1-5); subjects may renew the use of the above at week 6; standard adult multi-vitamin is allowed
  -  All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP3A4 substrates with narrow therapeutic window (such as alfentanil, astemizole, cisapride, dihydroergotamine, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, or terfanide; within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 and during protocol AMG 232 treatment (weeks 1-5); other medications (such as fentanyl and oxycodone) may be allowed per investigator's assessment/evaluation
  -  All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP2C8 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 and during protocol AMG 232 treatment (weeks 1-5)
  -  All subjects are required to submit a list of medications consumed within 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG232 and during the protocol AMG232 treatment (weeks 1-5)
  -  Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease causing the inability to take oral medication, malabsorption syndrome, requirement for intravenous alimentation, prior surgical procedures affecting absorption, uncontrolled inflammatory GI disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), therefore could affect the absorption of AMG 232 at the discretion of treating physician
  -  Patients with active infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 2 weeks of registration
  -  Patients with known positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HepBsAg) (indicative of chronic hepatitis B), positive hepatitis total core antibody with negative HBsAG (suggestive of occult hepatitis B), or detectable hepatitis C virus RNA by a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) assay (indicative of active hepatitis C - screening is generally done by hepatitis C antibody (HepCAb), followed by hepatitis C virus RNA by PCR if HepCAb is positive)
  -  Patients known to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are NOT excluded from this study, but HIV-positive patients must have:
  -  A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
  -  No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections
  -  A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard PCR-based test
  -  HIV testing is not required
  -  Treatment with medications known to cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation within 7 days of study day 1 is not permitted unless approved by the sponsor; use of ondansetron is permitted for treatment of nausea and vomiting

Relevance to patient case: not relevant