Patient case: 64-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma; genetic feature: BRAF (V600E)

Clinical trial: Vaccination With Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded With Autologous Tumor Lysate or Homogenate Combined With Immunomodulating Radiotherapy and/or Preleukapheresis IFN-alfa in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: a Randomized "Proof-of-principle" Phase II Study

Summary: Title: Vaccination with autologous dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumor lysate or homogenate combined with immunomodulating radiotherapy and/or preleukapheresis IFN-alfa in patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomized "proof-of-principle" phase II study.
  Study Design: Randomized selection design, proof of principle study Study Duration: 36 months Number of Subjects: 24 evaluable patients
  Diagnosis and Main Inclusion Criteria: Patients with non resectable stage III or stage IV malignant melanoma carrying at least 2 measurable lesions, any line after 1st line Vemurafenib in patients carrying BRAF mutation-positive melanoma and/or ≥ 2nd line Ipilimumab.
  Study Product, Dose, Route, Regimen and duration of administration:
  Intradermal Autologous Dendritic Cell vaccine loaded with autologous tumor lysate or homogenate on weeks 1, 4 6 and 8 during induction phase, and every 4 weeks during maintenance phase up to a maximum of 14 vaccine doses (each dose followed by IL-2 3 MU day 2-6) COMBINED OR NOT WITH
  -  IFN-alfa 3 MU daily for 7 days before leukapheresis AND/OR
  -  Three daily doses of 8 Gy up to 12 Gy delivered to one metastatic field between vaccine doses 1 and 2 (optional to one additional field between doses 7 and 8) utilizing IMRT-IMAT techniques.

Detailed description: Title: Vaccination with autologous dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumor lysate or homogenate combined with immunomodulating radiotherapy and/or preleukapheresis IFN-alfa in patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomized "proof-of-principle" phase II study.
  Short Title/Acronym: ABSIDE (ABScopal effect-Interferon alpha-DEndritic cells)
  Protocol Code IRST172.02
  Phase: phase II clinical trial
  Study Design: Randomized selection design, proof of principle study
  Study Duration: 36 months
  Study Center(s): Monocentric (IRCCS IRST Meldola)
  Objectives:
  Primary objectives
  1. Safety assessments: to determine the safety of the autologous tumor lysate loaded DC vaccine in combination with IFN-alfa and/or radiotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma.
  2. Clinical objective: to select the regimen that has the best immune related Disease Control Rate (irDCR) in the different external immunostimulant conditions utilized in combinations with autologous tumor lysate loaded DC vaccine.
  3. Immunological objective: to compare between the different treatment arms the immunologic efficacy, defined as the proportion of subjects developing positive DTH to ATL and/or KLH, combined with quantification of tumor antigen-specific circulating immune effectors performed by IFNalfa-ELISPOT analysis at the base line and after at least 4 immunizations, if DTH analysis will not detect differences in terms of immunologic efficacy between the different arms.
  Number of Subjects: 24 evaluable patients
  Diagnosis and Main Inclusion Criteria: Patients with non resectable stage III or stage IV malignant melanoma carrying at least 2 measurable lesions, any line after 1st line Vemurafenib in patients carrying BRAF mutation-positive melanoma and/or ≥ 2nd line Ipilimumab.
  Study Product, Dose, Route, Regimen and duration of administration:
  Intradermal Autologous Dendritic Cell vaccine loaded with autologous tumor lysate or homogenate on weeks 1, 4 6 and 8 during induction phase, and every 4 weeks during maintenance phase up to a maximum of 14 vaccine doses (each dose followed by IL-2 3 MU day 2-6) COMBINED OR NOT WITH
  -  IFN-alfa 3 MU daily for 7 days before leukapheresis AND/OR
  -  Three daily doses of 8 Gy up to 12 Gy delivered to one metastatic field between vaccine doses 1 and 2 (optional to one additional field between doses 7 and 8) utilizing IMRT-IMAT techniques.
  Statistical Methodology: The RANDOMIZED SELECTION DESIGN was chosen basing on the assumption that immunotherapy is expected to be effective only in patients showing efficient induction of antitumor immune responses ("targeted endpoint"), allowing to reduce the number of patients required to evaluate the potential efficacy of an experimental treatment.
  The Steinberg and Venzon approach will be employed to select one among different treatment arms as being worthy of further evaluation. This method requires that an adequate gap in the number of responses among different arms be observed in order to limit the probability that the selected arm is actually inferior by more than an indifferent amount. Assuming an error probability of selecting inferior arm pW =10%, with 6 patients per arm, regardless of proportion of irOR expected in each arm, the gap of 2, the largest minimal difference in the number of irOR which must be observed in order to select the arm with the higher number of irOR, provides that difference between highest probability of response and the maximum on the remaining arms is 15%. Therefore, outcomes of at least 4/6 versus the maximum on the remaining 3 arms of 2/6, at least 5/6 versus the maximum on the remaining 3 arms of 3/6 and so forth will lead to selection the most promising arm on the basis of irOR. with an error probability of 10% Otherwise no treatment arm could be considered better than others.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  1. Signed Written Informed Consent: patients must be willing and able to give written informed consent, that have to be given before starting of screening procedure.
  2. Availability of autologous tumor tissue fulfilling acceptance criteria prescribed by the "Product Specification File".
  3. Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma;
  4. Patients must have a minimum of two lesions, one of which must be measurable,(i.e. that can be accurately measured in two perpendicular dimensions, with at least 1 diameter >20 mm and the other dimension >10 mm with conventional techniques or at least 10 x 10 mm with spiral CT scan).
  5. Patients carrying BRAF mutation-positive melanoma must have received previous Vemurafenib, unless they are not eligible or refuse the treatment.
  6. Patients treated with previous first line therapy must have received Ipilimumab, unless they are not eligible or refuse the treatment.
  7. Pretreated brain metastases which have been clinically stable for at least 6 months and not requiring corticosteroids are allowed;
  8. ECOG performance status 0-1;
  9. Negative screening tests for HIV, HBV HCV and syphilis not older than 30 days before performing any of the GMP-regulated activities required (leukapheresis, collection of tumor biopsies to be used for tumor lysate/homogenate preparation);
  10. Prior lines of chemotherapy, immunotherapy or biological therapy (e.g. inhibitors of B-Raf or c-Kit, Ipilimumab, etc.) for advanced disease are allowed (patients must have lasted prior treatments at least 4 weeks before the first vaccine dose);
  11. Men and women aged 18-70 years.
  12. Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study and for up 8 weeks after the study, in order to minimize the risk of pregnancy;
  13. Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below:
  -  leukocytes >1,500/microL
  -  absolute neutrophil count >1,000/microL
  -  platelets >80,000/microL
  -  total bilirubin within 2 x ULN
  -  AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) <2.5 x ULN
  -  creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dl
  Exclusion Criteria:
  1. Patients who have positive tests to HCV, HBV, HIV, or syphilis (specific blood testing must be performed within 30 days before any GMP-regulated activity (leukapheresis and collection of tumor biopsies to be used for tumor lysate/homogenate preparation).
  2. Patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma BRAF V600 mutation-positive eligible to Vemurafenib cannot be enrolled in first line, unless they refuse this treatment.
  3. Patients eligible for Ipilimumab treatment, cannot be enrolled unless they refuse this treatment.
  4. Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier.
  5. Participation in another clinical trial with any investigational agents within 30 days prior to study screening.
  6. Patients with known progressing and/or symptomatic brain metastases.
  7. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements (on physician's judgment).
  8. Other known malignant neoplastic diseases in the patient's medical history with a disease-free interval of less than 3 years (except for previously treated basal cell carcinoma and in situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix);
  9. Any contraindication to undergo leukapheresis as evaluated by transfusionist (e.g. severe anemia, piastrinopenia, oral anticoagulant therapy).

Relevance to patient case: possibly relevant