Patient case: 64-year-old male with gastric cancer; genetic feature: ERBB2 amplification

Clinical trial: Feasibility Study of Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel

Summary: This is a single arm phase 2 trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of intraperitoneal paclitaxel with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in advanced gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis and/or cancer cells on peritoneal cytology. Twenty patients will be recruited into the study for an estimated period of two years. Paclitaxel will be administered intraperitoneally at 40mg/m2 on Day 1 and 8 in patients receiving standard intravenous oxaliplatin 130mg/m2 on Day 1 and capecitabine 1000mg/m2 on day 1-14. The study hypothesizes that the addition of intraperitoneal paclitaxel with chemotherapy will improve treatment efficacy.

Detailed description: The median survival of patients with unresectable gastric cancer treated with systemic chemotherapy is about 12 months. In patients with histologically proven unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer limited to the peritoneum and/or cancer cells in peritoneal cytology, the combination of i.p. paclitaxel with systemic chemotherapy reported a median survival time of 23.6 months. The peritoneal cytology turned negative for 86% of patients. In an updated report, gastrectomy was performed on 52 patients after disappearance or obvious shrinkage of peritoneal metastasis. In this cohort, the median survival time (MST) was 34.9 months. A phase III trial (PHOENIX-GC trial (Phase III study of S-1 plus intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel versus S-1 plus cisplatin for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis )) comparing intraperitoneal(IP) regimen with systemic chemotherapy versus systemic therapy alone is currently opened for recruitment in Japan.
  The multidisciplinary treatment combining IP-containing chemotherapy and surgery was found to be safe and effective for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. A phase I study combining i.p. paclitaxel with oxaliplatin and S-1, found no dose limiting toxicity in all dose levels. Grade 3 neutropenia was observed in one patient at recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of i.p. paclitaxel of 40 mg/m2. In addition, grade 2 non-hematological toxicities observed were anorexia (n=6/12), fatigue (n=4/12) and nausea (n=2/12).
  Both S-1 and capecitabine are orally available fluoropyrimidine. When combined with oxaliplatin, both S-1 and capecitabine were found to be equally active and well tolerated in advanced gastric cancer patients. As S-1 is not yet widely available worldwide, the combination of capecitabine and a platinum chemotherapy is still one of the most commonly adopted chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer. In this study, we intend to assess the efficacy and feasibility of combining weekly i.p. paclitaxel with oxaliplatin and capecitabine.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  Histologically proven unresectable or recurrent adenocarcinoma of stomach and gastroesophageal junction
  -  Patients without prior systemic treatment. Patients who completed postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (and radiotherapy) more than 180 days before may be enrolled
  -  Peritoneal metastasis and/or cancer cells on peritoneal cytology
  -  Age >21 years
  -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2
  -  Adequate bone marrow function (neutrophil count >1500/mm3, hemoglobin >8.0 g/dl and platelet count >100 000/mm3)
  -  Adequate liver function (bilirubin, AST (aspartate aminotransferase)/ALT (alanine aminotransferase) within upper limit of normal)
  -  Adequate renal function (serum creatinine within the upper limit of normal)
  -  Expected survival >3 months
  -  Able to take orally
  -  Able to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
  -  The effects of proposed regimen on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because antitumor agents as well as other therapeutic agents used in this trial are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  Metastasis to distant organ sites (such as the liver, lungs or bone)
  -  When trastuzumab is considered for palliative chemotherapy
  -  Known allergy to taxane, fluoropyrimidine or oxaliplatin
  -  Previous malignancy other than gastric cancer diagnosed in the last 5 years except for basal cell carcinoma of skin or preinvasive cancer of cervix
  -  Patients with reproductive potential who refuse to use an adequate means of contraception (including male patients)
  -  Significant disease or conditions which, in the investigator's opinion, would exclude patient from the study
  -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
  -  Pregnant or lactating female

Relevance to patient case: not relevant