Patient case: 24-year-old female with familial hypercholesterolemia; genetic feature: PCSK9

Clinical trial: Visilizumab for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Summary: The purpose of this study was to test whether a new drug named visilizumab would decrease the severity of graft-versus-host disease in patients treated with a mismatched donor. Investigators planned to use visilizumab in combination with tacrolimus and methotrexate as the "study treatment".

Detailed description: The protocol plan was a two stage, controlled, phase II study to assess safety and compare the grade of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with visilizumab, or Anti-thymocyte Globulin (ATG) in combination with tacrolimus + methotrexate in patients at high risk of GVHD after transplant from unrelated donors mismatched for 1-2 alleles of any type at human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A, B, C and DRB1.
  The study design included two stages. The first stage of the trial was to enroll 15 patients on a single arm to be treated with "study treatment" (visilizumab, tacrolimus and methotrexate) to assess for treatment safety and exclude intolerable GVHD. The second stage of the trial was to include a random control group of patients treated with the current "standard treatment" (ATG, tacrolimus, and methotrexate) or "study treatment". The purpose of this comparison was to determine if the "study treatment" visilizumab causes less severe side effects and if it is more potent in reducing graft-versus-host disease symptoms than the "standard treatment".

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  One of the following diagnoses with histological confirmation by the Pathology Department at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center:
  -  Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in complete remission 1 (CR1) with t(9:22) or t(4:11), or any ALL beyond CR1
  -  Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) with high risk cytogenetics in CR1 as defined by Bloomfield any AML beyond CR1
  -  Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score > 1
  -  Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
  -  Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) with Imatinib-refractory chronic phase, or beyond chronic phase by morphology or cytogenetics
  -  Myelofibrosis
  -  Severe aplastic anemia
  -  Chemosensitive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease that are not candidate to autologous transplant due to prior autologous transplantation
  -  Multiple Myeloma patient not candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation
  -  Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70% (adult)
  -  Normal organ and marrow function as defined below:
  -  Hepatic: Total bilirubin must be less than or equal to 2mg/dL (Gilbert and other syndromes with increased indirect bilirubin are allowed); serum transaminases must be less than two times the upper limit of normal
  -  Pulmonary: diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (corrected for Hgb), forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) must be greater than 50% predicted
  -  Cardiac: Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest must be greater than 50%
  -  Renal: Creatinine clearance (measured or calculated) must be equal or greater than 50 ml/min/1.73m^2
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  Anti thymocyte globulin (ATG) or anti T cell therapy in prior 45 days
  -  Splenectomized patients;
  -  A positive pregnancy test administered to all females of childbearing potential prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant
  -  Inability to comply with follow up as determined by the patient's physician
  -  HIV-I/II infection prior to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, confirmed by nucleic acid test (NAT)
  -  Uncontrolled bacterial or fungal infection
  -  History of documented invasive aspergillosis or cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia
  -  Presence of any of the following comorbid conditions:
  -  History of myocardial infarction
  -  Congestive heart failure (even if symptomatically controlled)
  -  Peripheral vascular disease (including intermittent claudication or history of bypass for arterial insufficiency)
  -  Untreated thoracic or abdominal aneurysm (6cm or more)
  -  History of any cerebrovascular accident including transient ischemic attacks
  -  Dementia
  -  History of peptic ulcer disease requiring treatment
  -  Connective tissue/rheumatologic disorders
  -  Diabetes unless being managed with dietary changes only
  -  Hemiplegia/paraplegia
  -  History of solid tumor excluding skin or cervical carcinoma after curative resection

Relevance to patient case: not relevant