Patient case: 32-year-old male with dilated cardiomyopathy; genetic feature: LMNA

Clinical trial: Biomarkers in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Extracorporeal Photopheresis Added to Investigator Chosen Therapies of Steroid Refractory Acute GVHD

Summary: Background:
  - Some allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients get acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). They always get steroids as the first treatment, but this may not work. Those people where steroids are not enough may benefit from a treatment called extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). ECP exposes white blood cells to ultraviolet light outside the body. Researchers want to study how certain markers in the blood predict the severity and outcome of acute GVHD and how ECP treatments work for people with acute GVHD. They will also study how these markers in the blood may help predict who should get ECP and its effects on the immune system.
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  Objectives:
  - To learn more about treatments for acute GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
  Eligibility:
  - Adults with acute GVHD enrolled in an NCI allogeneic transplantation protocol.
  Design:
  -  Transplant physicians will confirm participant eligibility.
  -  Participants will receive treatment with steroids for their acute GVHD as prescribed by their transplant physician. This will continue while they are enrolled on this study.
  -  If steroids work in treating their acute GVHD, then every 28 days for 6 months, participants will have:
  -  a physical exam.
  -  blood tests.
  -  If steroids do not work, participants will get additional treatments as prescribed by their transplant physician who may choose to use ECP as a part of this additional treatment.. For ECP, blood is removed through an intravenous (IV) catheter. A machine separates the white blood cells from the other blood parts. Those cells are treated with methoxsalen and exposed to ultraviolet light. Then they are returned to the participant through their IV.
  -  Participants who get ECP will over at least 6 months have:
  -  veins researched. They may have a catheter placed in a larger vein in the chest or groin.
  -  multiple blood tests.
  -  multiple pregnancy tests (if needed).
  -  multiple ECP procedures.
  -  At the end of ECP treatment and 6 months after ECP, participants will have additional physical exams and blood tests.

Detailed description: Background:
  -  Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a difficult to manage complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation causing significant morbidity and mortality.
  -  Biomarkers have recently been described in acute GVHD that have the potential to better predict onset, severity, steroid failure, and non-relapse mortality.
  -  First line treatment of acute GVHD with high dose corticosteroids will fail in approximately 30% of patients and is associated with significant steroid related complications.
  -  No second line treatment of acute GVHD after a failure of steroids has been established as a standard approach.
  -  Choice of second line therapy for acute GVHD is currently based primarily on physician familiarity, existing toxicities, and patient's ability to tolerate new potential toxicities.
  -  Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an attractive therapy to combine with other therapies for steroid refractory disease due to a unique mechanism of action involving immunomodulation as well as an extremely low rate of reported side effects and complications.
  -  Biomarkers may also prove useful in predicting the success or failure of specific treatments for steroid refractory disease, including those combined with ECP.
  -  This study will allow for collection of biomarker data in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation on NCI protocols, including those who develop acute GVHD and investigate their role in predicting outcomes in initial corticosteroid therapy as well as in currently used treatments in the management of patients with steroid refractory acute GVHD with or without the addition of ECP.
  Objective:
  -To study biomarkers in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation, with acute GVHD including their ability to predict steroid refractoriness and predict outcome of investigator chosen second line therapies with and without Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP).
  Eligibility:
  - Adult patients on an NCI allogeneic transplantation protocol.
  Design:
  -  Non-randomized, single institution study.
  -  Research blood for biomarkers will be collected on all patients enrolled.
  -  ECP will be offered as an addition to investigator chosen treatments in patients who develop steroid refractory acute GVHD.
  -  The study will enroll a total of up to 450 patients.

Eligibility: -  INCLUSION CRITERIA:
  -  Age greater than or equal to18 years.
  -  Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
  -  Subject must be also enrolled on an NCI allogeneic transplant protocol.
  -  Patients must agree to practice effective contraception (both male and female subjects, if the risk of conception exists)The effects of ECP on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and as well as other Methoxsalen used in this trial is in a class of agents that is known to be teratogenic, men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation, and for 4 months after the completion of study treatment. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her
  treating physician immediately.
  EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
  -  Any physical or mental condition that, in the opinion of the PI, would cause the risk/benefit ratio of participation to be unacceptable.
  -  Inclusion of ECP in the treatment of any patient is contraindicated by any of the following:
  -  Unstable hemodynamics requiring vasopressors or other support measures not amenable to or medically appropriate for continuation during the procedure.
  -  Uncontrolled infection.
  -  Inability to maintain acceptable venous access.
  -  Uncontrolled or uncorrectable coagulopathy.
  -  Pregnant women are excluded from ECP because methoxsalen, an agent utilized for the study procedure, may cause fetal harm. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with methoxsalen, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with methoxsalen. Pregnancy will be evaluated prior to initiation of ECP.
  -  History of allergic or idiosyncratic/hypersensitivity reactions to 8- methoxypsoralen/psoralen compounds.
  -  History of a light-sensitive cutaneous disease
  -  Subjects with aphakia

Relevance to patient case: not relevant