Patient case: 24-year-old female with familial hypercholesterolemia; genetic feature: PCSK9

Clinical trial: Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Treating Patients With Erdheim Chester Disease With BRAF V600 Mutations

Summary: This phase II trial studies the side effects and how well dabrafenib and trametinib work in treating patients with Erdheim Chester disease that have BRAF V600 gene mutations. Dabrafenib and trametinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To study the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib mesylate (dabrafenib) and trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide (trametinib) as combination therapy in patients with BRAF V600E positive Erdheim Chester disease.
  II. To determine the clinical response rate to dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy in patients with BRAF V600E positive Erdheim Chester disease.
  SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To determine time response, progression free survival and overall survival. II. To assess disease resistance to this combination therapy.
  EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To monitor the degree of histiocytic infiltration-fibrosis progression, stability and regression under combination therapy using fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, computed tomography (CT) scans and technetium (T)-99m bone scans.
  II. To monitor serum C-reactive protein (CRP), estrogen receptor (ESR), and cytokine levels as inflammatory markers prior to and during combination therapy.
  III. To monitor renal function prior to and during combination therapy in order to assess for functional improvement.
  IV. To evaluate the level of functioning, fatigue, motor skills and ability to perform routine daily activities prior to and during therapy in order to assess for improvements in these areas as well as quality of life improvement.
  V. To establish duration of treatment-endpoints in patients with BRAF V600E positive Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) lesions.
  OUTLINE:
  Patients receive dabrafenib mesylate orally (PO) twice daily (BID) and trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide PO once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 48 weeks.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  Patients can be previously or simultaneously enrolled in the natural history ECD protocol #11-HG-0207, "Clinical and Basic Investigations into Erdheim Chester disease". Eligible patients must have been diagnosed with Erdheim Chester disease, confirmed by pathological evaluation of the affected tissue with adequate staining. Affected tissue must harbor the BRAF V600 mutation
  -  Patients must have measurable or evaluable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1
  -  Prior treatment, involving interferon, anakinra, imatinib, steroids, chemotherapy with, but not limited to cladribine, vinblastine, 6-mercaptopurine and etoposide, or other medications used empirically for the treatment of ECD, will be acceptable. These therapies should have been completed and discontinued 4 weeks or for biologic agents 4 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever comes shorter) prior to enrollment in this study
  -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
  -  Exception will be made for patients with ECOG performance status =< 3 and Karnofsky performance scale >= 50%, who require the use of wheelchairs, walkers or canes as well as assistance with daily routines secondary to disabilities caused by ECD cerebellar or brain disease that has been stable for >= 3 months
  -  Life expectancy of greater than 3 months
  -  Able to swallow and retain oral medication and must not have any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may alter absorption such as malabsorption syndrome or major resection of the stomach or bowels
  -  Patients must have BRAF V600 mutation in the tumor tissue and/or cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), identified by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified lab
  -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.0 x 10^9/L
  -  Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL
  -  Platelets >= 75 x 10^9/L
  -  Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) except subjects with known Gilbert's syndrome
  -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x institutional ULN
  -  Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
  -  Left ventricular ejection fraction >= institutional lower limit of normal (LLN) by echocardiogram (ECHO)
  -  Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration or randomization
  -  Pregnancy and breast feeding. The effects of dabrafenib and trametinib on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (barrier method of birth control, or abstinence; hormonal contraception is not allowed due to drug-drug interactions which can render hormonal contraceptives ineffective) for the duration of study participation, and for at least 2 weeks after treatment with dabrafenib or for 4 months after dabrafenib in combination with trametinib. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Based on studies in animals, it is also known that dabrafenib may cause damage to the tissue that makes sperm. This may cause sperm to be abnormal in shape and size and could lead to infertility, which may be irreversible. Safety and efficacy of the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib in pediatric populations have not been investigated. Dabrafenib or trametinib-dabrafenib combination should not be administered to pediatric populations outside clinical trials
  -  Therapeutic level dosing of warfarin can be used with close monitoring of prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) by the site. Exposure may be decreased due to enzyme induction when on treatment, thus warfarin dosing may need to be adjusted based upon PT/INR. Consequently, when discontinuing dabrafenib, warfarin exposure may be increased and thus close monitoring via PT/INR and warfarin dose adjustments must be made as clinically appropriate. Prophylactic low dose warfarin may be given to maintain central catheter patency
  -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  Inability to provide informed consent
  -  Patients treated with prior BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors
  -  Current use of a prohibited medication. Patients receiving any medications or substances that are strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A or CYP2C8 are ineligible. Current use of, or intended ongoing treatment with: herbal remedies (e.g., St. John's wort), or strong inhibitors or inducers of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or breast cancer resistance protein 1 (Bcrp1) should also be excluded
  -  Unresolved toxicity of National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (NCI CTCAE v4.0) grade 2 or higher from previous anti-cancer therapy, except alopecia, at the time of randomization
  -  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with dabrafenib
  -  A history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (with the exception of cleared HBV and HCV infection, which will be allowed)
  -  Presence of active malignancy other than the study indication
  -  Patients with known RAS in ECD, or history of other malignancies with RAS mutations
  -  Leptomeningeal or brain metastases are allowed. Subjects on a stable dose of corticosteroids can be enrolled with approval of the principal investigator (PI) and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) medical monitor. Subjects must not receive enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants
  -  History or evidence of cardiovascular risks, except stable ECD cardiac lesion, including any of the following:
  -  QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Bazett's formula (QTcB) >= 480 msec
  -  History of acute coronary syndromes (including myocardial infarction or unstable angina), coronary angioplasty, or stenting within the past 24 weeks prior to randomization
  -  History or evidence of current class II, III, or IV heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system
  -  Intra-cardiac defibrillators
  -  Abnormal cardiac valve morphology (>= grade 2) documented by ECHO; (subjects with grade 1 abnormalities [i.e., mild regurgitation/stenosis] can be entered on study). Subjects with moderate valvular thickening should not be entered on study
  -  History or evidence of current clinically significant uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias; clarification: subjects with atrial fibrillation controlled for > 30 days prior to dosing are eligible
  -  Treatment refractory hypertension defined as a blood pressure of systolic > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic > 90 mm Hg which cannot be controlled by anti-hypertensive therapy
  -  Known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to the study treatments, their excipients, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  -  Any serious or unstable pre-existing medical conditions (aside from malignancy exceptions specified above), psychiatric disorders, or other conditions that could interfere with the subject's safety, obtaining informed consent, or compliance with study procedures
  -  Pregnant women are excluded from this study because of the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with dabrafenib/trametinib, breastfeeding should be discontinued prior to treatment with dabrafenib/trametinib. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study
  -  History of retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
  -  Interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis not secondary to ECD
  -  Central serous retinopathy (CSR) including presence of predisposing factors to RVO or CSR (e.g., uncontrolled glaucoma or ocular hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or a history of hyperviscosity or hypercoagulability syndromes); or visible pathology (e.g., evidence of optic disc cupping, evidence of new visual field defects on automated perimetry, or intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg as measured by tonography) as assessed by ophthalmic examination
  -  Inability to travel to the treating center
  -  Patients with confirmed diagnosis of ECD that are asymptomatic and with no visceral involvement are not eligible for this trial (patients with no target lesions as per RECIST 1.1 criteria)

Relevance to patient case: not relevant