Patient case: 45-year-old female with colon cancer; genetic feature: PIK3CA (E545K)

Clinical trial: Copanlisib, Olaparib, and Durvalumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Solid Tumors

Summary: This phase Ib trial studies side effects and best dose of copanlisib and olaparib when given together with durvalumab, and how well they work in treating patients with solid tumors that have spread to other places in the body or cannot be removed by surgery. Copanlisib and olaparib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as durvalumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving combinations of copanlisib and olaparib or copanlisib, olaparib, and durvalumab may work better in treating patients with solid tumors compared to usual treatments such as surgery, radiation, or other chemotherapy drugs.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To evaluate the safety and establish the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of the doublet combination of copanlisib and olaparib and of the triplet combination of copanlisib, olaparib and MEDI4736 (durvalumab) in patients with molecularly-selected solid tumors.
  SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To observe and record anti-tumor activity of the doublet combination of copanlisib and olaparib, and of the triplet combination of copanlisib, olaparib and MEDI4736 (durvalumab) in patients with molecularly-selected advanced solid tumors, as measured by objective response rate (ORR) (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]). Although the clinical benefit of the doublet and triplet combination of these drugs has not yet been established, the intent of offering this treatment is to provide a possible therapeutic benefit, and thus the patient will be carefully monitored for tumor response and symptom relief in addition to safety and tolerability.
  II. To assess overall duration of response (DoR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
  III. To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of these combinations. IV. To assess immune-modulatory changes associated with these combinations. V. To correlate molecular alterations and immuno-modulatory changes with OR (CR+PR).
  OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of copanlisib and olaparib.
  Patients receive copanlisib intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15 and olaparib orally (PO) twice daily (BID). Beginning cycle 2, patients receive durvalumab IV over 1 hour on day 1. Cycles repeat every 28 days for 24 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 3-6 months for up to 2 years.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT INTO STEPS 1, 2, AND 3
  -  Patients must have germline or somatic mutations in DDR genes: ARID1A, ATM, ATRX, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCA, FANCL, MRE11A, MSH2, PALB2, PARP1, POLD1, PP2R2A, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD54L, XRCC2; or actionable mutations in the PTEN gene, or hotspot mutations in the PIK3CA gene
  -  Patients must have histologically confirmed malignancy that is metastatic or unresectable and for which standard curative or palliative measures do not exist or are no longer effective
  -  Patients must have measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
  -  Patients must be >= 4 weeks beyond treatment with any chemotherapy or other investigational therapy to include hormonal, biological, or targeted agents; or at least 5 half-lives from hormonal, biological, or targeted agents, whichever is shorter at the time of treatment initiation
  -  Patients in dose expansion cohorts will need to have at least one relevant molecular aberration (mutations in DDR genes, PTEN gene, or PIK3CA gene). Local testing in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified laboratory will be accepted, apart from PTEN loss by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which will need to be confirmed centrally prior to enrollment. Recruitment of patients with relevant molecular aberrations in the dose escalation phase is encouraged but not mandated
  -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) =< 1 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
  -  Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL with no blood transfusion in the past 28 days
  -  Leukocytes >= 3,000/mcL
  -  Lipase =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
  -  Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL
  -  Platelets >= 100,000/mcL
  -  Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
  -  Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
  -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x institutional ULN, unless liver metastases are present in which case they must be =< 5 x ULN
  -  Activated partial thrombin time =< 1.5 x ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within the therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants
  -  International normalized ratio =< 1.5 x ULN
  -  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 51 mL/min, based on a 24-hour urine test for creatinine clearance or estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation
  -  Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 50%
  -  Patients who are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin or heparin will be allowed to participate provided that their medication dose and international normalized ratio (INR)/PTT is stable
  -  Prophylactic antiemetics may be administered according to standard practice. The routine use of standard antiemetics, including 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) blockers, such as granisetron, ondansetron, or an equivalent agent, is allowed as needed. The use of corticosteroids as antiemetics prior to copanlisib administration will not be allowed
  -  Postmenopausal or evidence of non-childbearing status, a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment and confirmed prior to treatment on day 1. Postmenopausal is defined as:
  -  Amenorrheic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments
  -  Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the postmenopausal range for women under 50
  -  Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses > 1 year ago
  -  Chemotherapy-induced menopause with > 1 year interval since last menses
  -  Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
  -  Women of child-bearing potential MUST have a negative serum or urine human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test unless prior tubal ligation (>= 1 year before screening), total hysterectomy or menopause (defined as 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea). Patients should not become pregnant or breastfeed while on this study
  -  Patients and their partners, if sexually active and of childbearing potential, must agree to the use of two highly effective forms of contraception in combination throughout the period of taking study treatment and for 6 months after last dose of study drug(s) to prevent pregnancy in the study patient or partner. Male patients should avoid donating sperm for 3 months following the last dose of olaparib
  -  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV 1/2 antibody-positive) patients may participate IF they meet all the following eligibility requirements:
  -  They must be on an anti-retroviral regimen with evidence of at least two undetectable viral loads within the past 6 months on this same regimen; the most recent undetectable viral load must be within the past 12 weeks
  -  They must have a CD4 count >= 250 cells/mcL over the past 6 months on this same anti-retroviral regimen and must not have had a CD4 count < 200 cells/ mcL over the past 2 years, unless it was deemed related to the cancer and/or chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression
  -  For patients who have received chemotherapy in the past 6 months, a CD4 count < 250 cells/mcL during chemotherapy is permitted as long as viral loads were undetectable during this same chemotherapy
  -  They must have an undetectable viral load and a CD4 count >= 250 cells/mcL within 7 days of enrollment
  -  They must not be currently receiving prophylactic therapy for an opportunistic infection and must not have had an opportunistic infection within the past 6 months
  -  Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) of =< 8.5% at screening
  -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
  -  Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study, including undergoing treatment and scheduled visits and examinations
  -  ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT INTO STEP 2 AND 3 ONLY
  -  Body weight > 30 kg
  -  Life expectancy >= 16 weeks
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR STEPS 1, 2, AND 3
  -  Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents
  -  Other malignancy unless curatively treated with no evidence of disease for >= 5 years except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in situ cancer of the cervix, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or stage 1, grade 1 endometrial carcinoma. A patient with a history of localized triple negative breast cancer may be eligible, provided the patient completed the adjuvant chemotherapy > 3 years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
  -  Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) or with bone marrow findings consistent with MDS/AML
  -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to olaparib, copanlisib, PI3K inhibitors or MEDI4736 (durvalumab) or any of the excipients of any study products
  -  Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors and inducers
  -  Olaparib: concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period for strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors prior to starting olaparib is 2 weeks
  -  Because the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly consult a frequently-updated medical reference. As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the patient will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents, and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the patient is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product
  -  Concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John's Wort) or moderate CYP3A inducers (e.g., bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period for strong or moderate CYP3A inducers prior to starting olaparib is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents
  -  Copanlisib: copanlisib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. Therefore, the concomitant use of strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir and saquinavir), and strong inducers of CYP3A4 (e.g. rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, St. John's Wort) are not permitted from 14 days prior to enrollment until the end of the study
  -  Other medications that are prohibited while on copanlisib treatment:
  -  Herbal medications/preparations (except for vitamins)
  -  Anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers or digoxin
  -  Because the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly consult a frequently-updated medical reference for a list of drugs to avoid or minimize use of. As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the patient will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents, and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the patient is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product
  -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, unstable spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, extensive interstitial bilateral lung disease on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
  -  Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) indicating uncontrolled, potentially reversible cardiac conditions, as judged by the investigator (e.g., unstable ischemia, uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, QT corrected by the Fridericia formula [QTcF] prolongation of > 500 msec, electrolyte disturbances), or patients with congenital long QT syndrome
  -  Women who are breast feeding or pregnant are excluded from this study because olaparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with olaparib, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with olaparib and copanlisib +/- MEDI4736 (durvalumab)
  -  Previous allogenic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT)
  -  Packed red blood cell or platelet transfusion in the last 28 days prior to study entry
  -  Whole blood transfusions in the last 120 days prior to study entry. Whole blood transfusions performed within 120 days of study entry may interfere with blood samples taken for exploratory analysis
  -  Patients should be excluded if they have a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration. However, systemic corticosteroids may be indicated after starting the study drugs to treat immune-related adverse reactions. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses =< 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease
  -  Patients with non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
  -  Patients with HbA1c > 8.5%
  -  Note: for patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus that cannot meet protocol requirements, a single re-screening (which includes all screening procedures) should be performed when then patient's diabetes is controlled and can meet protocol eligibility requirement for HbA1c
  -  Arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic events such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 6 months before the start of study medication
  -  Patients with active, clinically serious infections > grade 2 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v] 5.0). Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and tuberculosis [TB] testing in line with local practice), hepatitis B (known positive hepatitis B virus [HBV] surface antigen [HBsAg] result), or hepatitis C. Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). HBV/HCV screening is required 28 days prior to starting the study drug using a routine hepatitis virus lab panel
  -  Active infection requiring IV antibiotics or other uncontrolled intercurrent illness requiring hospitalization
  -  Patients unable to swallow orally administered medication and any medical condition or diagnosis that would likely impair absorption of an orally administered drug (e.g. gastrectomy, ileal bypass, chronic diarrhea, gastroparesis)
  -  Known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial
  -  Known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment. This exception does not include carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability
  -  New York Heart Association class III or IV heart disease
  -  History or concurrent interstitial lung disease of any severity and/or severely impaired lung function (as judged by the investigator)
  -  Uncontrolled arterial hypertension despite optimal medical management (per investigator's opinion)
  -  EXCLUSION STEPS 2 AND 3 ONLY
  -  Patients who have not recovered from grade >= 2 adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy with the exception of alopecia, vitiligo, and the laboratory values defined in the inclusion criteria
  -  Patients with grade >= 2 neuropathy will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis after consultation with the study physician
  -  Major surgical procedure (as defined by the investigator) within 28 days prior to the first dose of investigational product (IP).

Relevance to patient case: possibly relevant