Patient case: 4-year-old female with leukemia; genetic feature: ABL1

Clinical trial: Dose-finding Study of CAELYXTM and RAD001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

Summary: This is a dose finding, open-label, uncontrolled, dose-escalation trial to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and the Recommended Dose (RD) of the combination RAD001 (escalating daily dose) and CaelyxTM (fixed dose) to patients with advanced solid tumors.
  Other purposes of the study are:
  1. define the safety profile of the combination after repeated administrations
  2. define hints of antitumor activity, to be confirmed in subsequent disease-oriented expansion phases at the RD.
  3. define the pharmacokinetic profile of the combination

Detailed description: mTOR inhibitors are a new class of targeted antitumor agents which showed interesting antitumor activity in a variety of solid tumors, including prostate, soft tissue sarcomas , ovarian, endometrial, kidney, and breast cancer. They also exert an antiangiogenic effect and are almost devoid of bone marrow toxicity as single agents which makes them suitable for combination with cytotoxic drugs.
  Anthracyclines are among the most used and effective cytotoxic agents, and in solid tumors their indications include, among others, breast, ovary, endometrial, prostate cancer. Liposomal Doxorubicin (CaelyxTM) could be an adequate replacement of doxorubicin to avoid potential side effects such as cardiotoxicity, alopecia, GI toxicity.
  Testing a combination regimen including mTOR inhibitors and anthracyclines in those tumors which are known to be sensitive to both compounds is of high clinical interest and worthwhile.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  1. Histological/cytological diagnosis of solid tumors types for which treatment with an anthracycline containing combination might be indicated.
  2. Documented progressive disease prior to entry in the study
  3. Though not a primary endpoint of this study when possible presence of measurable and/or evaluable disease according to modified RECIST criteria (histological/cytological confirmation of the neoplastic nature of a solitary lesion is not required in this dose finding study). For patients with no measurable disease (prostate and ovarian cancer) serum tumor marker (CA125 and PSA) is acceptable.
  4. Preferentially ≤ 2 prior chemotherapies for advanced disease
  5. An ECOG performance status of 0 or 1
  6. Serum cholesterol <350 mg/dL and triglycerides <400 mg/dL
  7. Adequate hematological, liver and renal function (hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL, absolute neutrophil count [ANC] ≥ 1.5 x 109/L; platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L, bilirubin ≤ UNL; alkaline phosphatase ≤ 1.5 x UNL; AST, ALT ≤ UNL or 2.5 x UNL in case of liver metastases; albumin ≥ 2.5 g/dL; creatinine ≤ UNL.
  8. Male and female patients who are not surgically sterile or postmenopausal must agree to use reliable methods of birth control for the duration of the study until 30 days after the last dose of study drug
  9. Able to understand and give written informed consent
  10. Abdomen/Pelvis CT scans in the 4 weeks before planned treatment start
  11. HBV/HCV testing in the 2 weeks before treatment start in specific categories of patients with hepatitis B and C risk factors and in additional patients at the discretion of the investigators.
  Exclusion Criteria:
  1. Prior Caelyx TM
  2. Prior anthracycline therapy within last 12 months
  3. Patients with endometrial ca. who received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as palliative treatment. Patients who received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment would be accepted provided that treatment has been completed more than 2 years before inclusion; if treatments has been completed less than 2 years the inclusion will be accepted only after Study Chair's approval.
  4. Documented resistance to anthracycline therapy i.e progression whilst on therapy or within 6 months after the end of therapy having achieved a response or stable disease or after adjuvant therapy.
  5. Prior cumulative dose of > 360 mg/m2 of doxorubicin or equivalent doxorubicin cardiotoxic dose and/or LVEF (echo or MUGA) < 50%.
  6. Known metastatic brain or meningeal tumors unless the patient is > 6 months from definitive therapy, had a negative imaging study within 4 weeks of study entry, is clinically stable with respect to the tumor at the time of study entry, and is not receiving steroid therapy or taper
  7. Prior therapy with rapamycin, mTOR inhibitors or tacrolimus
  8. Prior anticancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal, immunotherapy, biological response modifiers, signal transduction inhibitors, etc) within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of RAD001; the interval is ≥ 2 weeks for signal transduction inhibitors with a half-life known to be <24 hours, and is ≥ 6 weeks for nitrosourea or mitomycin. The following exceptions are allowed:
  -  hormonal therapy (e.g., Megace) for appetite stimulation
  -  nasal, ophthalmic, and topical glucocorticoid preparations
  -  a stable dose of corticosteroids for at least two weeks
  -  low dose maintenance steroid therapy for other conditions
  -  physiologic hormone replacement therapy (e.g., thyroid supplementation for thyroid deficiency or oral replacement glucocorticoid therapy for adrenal insufficiency)
  9. Pre-existing malabsorption syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome or other clinical situation which could affect oral absorption
  10. Ongoing toxicity associated with prior anticancer therapy (except peripheral neuropathy of ≤ grade 1 by NCI toxicity criteria and alopecia)
  11. Another primary malignancy within the past three years (except for non-melanoma skin cancer and cervical carcinoma in situ)
  12. Known Grade 3 or 4 hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin)
  13. Significant uncontrolled cardiovascular disease
  14. Active infection requiring systemic therapy
  15. Known HIV infection
  16. Inadequate recovery from any prior surgical procedure or having undergone any major surgical procedure within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of RAD001. Patients having undergone recent placement of a central venous access port will be considered eligible if they have recovered
  17. Presence of any other life-threatening illness or organ system dysfunction which, in the opinion of the Investigator, would either compromise the patient's safety or interfere with evaluating the safety of the study drug

Relevance to patient case: not relevant