Patient case: 57-year-old male with lung cancer; genetic feature: FGFR1

Clinical trial: Phase 1/2a Evaluation of AL3818 in Subjects With Recurrent or Metastatic Endometrial, Ovarian or Cervical Cancer (AL3818-US-001)

Summary: The purpose of Part 1 (Phase 1b) is to evaluate the general safety and tolerability of repeated 21-day cycles of AL3818 therapy, and to reevaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).
  The purpose of Part 2 (Phase 2a) is to evaluate the efficacy of repeated 21-day cycles of AL3818 therapy preliminary efficacy of AL3818 in subjects with recurrent or metastatic endometrial, ovarian or cervical cancer.

Detailed description: This is a Phase 1b/2a study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 21-day cycles of AL3818 therapy. The study is divided into two parts. Part 1 (Phase 1b) will evaluate the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and general safety during the first 21-day cycle of Al3818 therapy and to reevaluate the MTD. It will include a sequential evaluation of 3 subjects per cohort in a 3+3 design with up to 18 subjects in total. Cohort 1 will initiate at a dose of 12 mg/day of AL3818, for cycles of 14 days of treatment followed by 7 days of rest. After three subjects have completed the first cycle of therapy without a DLT, additional cohorts may be enrolled sequentially. All subjects will be allowed continuation of therapy with repeat cycles of 21-days if they are tolerating AL3818 and have stable disease or better. After the first cohort has completed one full cycle of therapy without a DLT, two additional cohorts will be sequentially enrolled at 16 mg/day and 20 mg/day doses of AL3818 for the same 21-day cycles.
  Part 2 (Phase 2a) will evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of repeated 21-day cycles of AL3818. It will include up to 45 additional subjects with metastatic endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer refractory to platinum therapy or cervical cancer refractory to standard therapy. Each subject will receive a dose of up to 20 mg AL3818 or a maximum of the MTD from Part 1 (Phase 1b) of this study for continuous 21-Day cycles of therapy (14 days of AL3818 treatment followed by 7 days off).
  All subjects in Part 1 and Part 2 of this study will be permitted to continue therapy with only safety monitoring and bimonthly assessments for progression, if AL3818 is well tolerated and the subject has stable disease or better.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  For a subject to be eligible for this study, she must meet all of the following criteria:
  1. Female subjects 18 years of age or older
  2. Subjects may be enrolled with previous histologically proven diagnosis of the following:
  a. Endometrial Cancer: Patients must have recurrent or persistent endometrial carcinoma, which is refractory to curative therapy or established treatments.
  i. Histologic diagnosis will be reviewed by the treating institution ii. Patients with the following histologic epithelial cell types are eligible: Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, mixed epithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, mucinous adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma.
  iii. Initial treatment may have included chemotherapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and/or consolidation/maintenance therapy; antiangiogenic therapy (e.g. bevacizumab) as part of adjuvant therapy is allowed. Chemotherapy administered in conjunction with primary radiation as a radio-sensitizer will be counted as a systemic chemotherapy regimen.
  iv. Patients should have received no more than two prior cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic therapies for management of recurrent or persistent disease (excluding endocrine therapies which will not count in the number of regimens)
  b. Ovarian cancer: Patients must have recurrent or persistent ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, which is refractory to established treatments.
  i. Patients with the following histologic epithelial cell types are eligible: Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, mixed epithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.
  ii. Patients must have received at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen for the management of primary disease containing carboplatin, cisplatin, or another organoplatinum compound.
  iii. This initial therapy may have included high-dose therapy, consolidation, or extended therapy administered after surgical or non-surgical assessment.
  iv. Antiangiogenic therapy (e.g. bevacizumab) as part of adjuvant therapy is allowed.
  v. Patients should have received no more than two prior cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic therapies for management of recurrent or persistent disease
  c. Cervix cancer: Subjects diagnosed with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
  i. Patients must have received at least one prior platinum based chemotherapeutic regimen for the management of primary disease containing carboplatin, cisplatin or another organoplatinum compound. The initial therapy may have included high-dose therapy, consolidation or extended therapy administered after surgical or non-surgical assessment. Antiangiogenic therapy (e.g. bevacizumab) as part of adjuvant therapy is allowed. Chemotherapy administered in conjunction with primary radiation as a radio-sensitizer will be counted as a systemic chemotherapy regimen.
  ii. Patients should have received no more than two prior cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic standard therapies for management of recurrent or persistent disease.
  d. Other uterine cancers: Subjects diagnosed with other uterine cancers, such as Leiomyosarcoma, and have received no more than two prior cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic standard therapies for management of recurrent or persistent disease.
  3. For Phase 2a only, all patients must express at least one FGFr 1, 2 or 3 amplification (or mutation) from archived tissue or new biopsy. For non-amplified patients, approval of the site coordinator or the sponsor is required prior to enrollment.
  4. All patients must have measurable disease. Measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest dimension to be recorded). Each lesion must be ≥ 20mm when measured by conventional techniques, including palpation, plain x-ray, CT, and MRI, or ≥ 10mm when measured by spiral CT.
  5. Life expectancy ≥ 3 months
  6. Subject must be suitable for oral administration of study medication
  7. Patients must have signed an approved informed consent and authorization permitting release of personal health information.
  8. Patient must have adequate:
  1. Bone Marrow Function: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater then or equal to 1,500/mm3, equivalent to Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) grade 1. Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/mm3
  2. Renal Function: Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 x institutional upper limit normal (ULN), CTC grade 1. Note: If creatinine is greater than 1.5 x ULN, creatinine clearance must be greater than >50 mL/min.
  3. Hepatic Function: Bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x ULN (CTC grade 1) or less than or equal to 3.0 x ULN for subjects with Gilbert Syndrome; AST and ALT less than or equal to 3.0 ×ULN.
  4. Coagulation profile: PT such that international normalized ratio (INR) is ≤ 1.55 (or an in-range INR, usually between 2 and 3, if a patient is on a stable dose of therapeutic warfarin or low molecular weight heparin) and a PTT < 1.2 times control.
  9. ECOG performance status ≤ 2.
  10. Subjects of child-bearing potential must agree to use contraceptive measures starting 1 week before the administration of the first dose of AL3818 until 4 weeks after discontinuing study drug.
  11. Subjects of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test prior to study entry and cannot be lactating.
  12. Ability and willingness to comply with the study protocol for the duration of the study and with follow-up procedures.
  Exclusion Criteria
  Subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in the study:
  1. Subjects who have received prior treatment with an FGFr inhibitor or antagonist of FGFr. Prior anti-VEGF or anti-angiogenic therapy is allowed in the adjuvant treatment setting Prior anti-VEGF or anti-angiogenic therapy for the treatment of recurrent disease is not allowed.
  2. Patients who have received prior antiangiogenic therapy, including bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, in the setting of advanced disease.
  3. Patients with serious, non-healing wound, ulcer or bone fracture.
  4. Patients with active bleeding or pathologic conditions that carry high risk of bleeding, such as known bleeding disorder, coagulopathy, or tumor involving major vessels.
  5. Patient with history or evidence upon physical examination of CNS disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures not controlled with standard medical therapy, any brain metastases or history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke) transient ischemic attack (TIA) or subarachnoid hemorrhage within 6 months of the first date of treatment on this study.
  6. However, patients with metastatic CNS tumors may participate in this trial, if the patient is > 4 weeks from therapy completion (including radiation and/or surgery), is clinically stable at the time of study entry and is not receiving corticosteroid therapy.
  7. Patients with proteinuria. Patients discovered to have a urine protein of 1+ on dipstick or ≥ 30 mg/dl at baseline should undergo a 24-hour urine collection, which must be an adequate collection and must demonstrate < 1000 mg protein/24 hr to allow participation in the study.
  8. Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease; this includes: Uncontrolled hypertension; Myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to registration; New York Heart Association (NYHA) Grade II or greater congestive heart failure (Appendix F); Serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication; Grade II or greater peripheral vascular disease (Appendix F).
  9. Patients who are pregnant or nursing. To date, no fetal studies of AL3818 in animals or humans have been performed. Therefore, AL3818 should not be administered to pregnant women. Subjects will be apprised of the large potential risk to a developing fetus. It is not known whether AL3818 is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, AL3818 should not be administered to nursing women. Women of childbearing potential must agree to use contraceptive measures during study therapy and for at least 3 months after completion of AL3818 therapy. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk.
  10. Patients with uncontrolled hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and/or hypocalcaemia.
  11. Hemoptysis within 3 months prior to first scheduled dose of AL3818.
  12. Patients with acute or chronic liver disease, active hepatitis A or B with known cirrhosis or liver dysfunction.
  13. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks in cases of mitomycin C, nitrosourea, lomustine) prior to first scheduled dose of AL3818 or a major surgical procedure within 28 days or minor surgical procedure performed within 7 days prior to first scheduled dose of AL3818.
  14. Concomitant treatment with strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 who cannot be switched to other alternative medications (See Appendix E).
  15. Known history of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV).
  16. Subjects with active bacterial infections (other than uncomplicated urinary tract infection) and/or receiving systemic antibiotics.
  17. Patients with other invasive malignancies, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer, who had (or have) any evidence of other cancer present within the last 5 years or whose previous cancer treatment contraindicates this protocol therapy.
  18. History of non-malignant GI bleeding, gastric stress ulcerations, or peptic ulcer disease within the past 3-months that in the opinion of the investigator may place the patient at risk of side effects on an anti-angiogenesis product.
  19. History of significant vascular disease (e.g. aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection).
  20. Intra-abdominal abscess within the last 3 months.
  21. History of uncontrolled hypertension that is not well managed by medication, as documented by 2 baseline evaluations taken one hour apart with systolic blood pressure >160 mm or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg pressure, or that in the opinion of the investigator may place the patient at risk when taking a VEGF inhibitor.
  22. Pre-existing uncontrolled hypertension as documented by 2 baseline BP readings taken at least one hour apart, defined as systolic bloodpressure (BP) >160 mm Hg or diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg pressure.
  23. QTcF>470 msec on screening ECG.
  24. A history of additional risk factors for TdP (e.g., heart failure, hypokalemia, family history of Long QT Syndrome).
  25. The use of concomitant medications that prolong the QT/QTc interval.
  26. Baseline echocardiogram (within 2 months) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%.
  27. History of difficulty swallowing, malabsorption, active partial or complete bowel obstruction, or other chronic gastrointestinal disease or condition that may hamper compliance and/or absorption of AL3818.
  28. History of pancreatitis and/or renal disease that includes histologically confirmed glomerulonephritis, biopsy proven tubulointerstitial nephritis, crystal nephropathy, or other renal insufficiencies.
  29. Treatment with an investigational agent within the longest time frame of either 5 half- lives or 30 days of initiating study drug.
  30. Known recreational substance abuse.
  31. Known hypersensitivity to anti-angiogenic agents.

Relevance to patient case: not relevant