Patient case: 73-year-old female with breast cancer; genetic feature: CDKN2A

Clinical trial: A Study of Palbociclib With Exemestane Plus GnRH Versus Capecitabine in Premenopausal Women With HR+ MBC

Summary: Despite recent advances for the treatment of post-menopausal hormone receptor-positive BC, in the last decade there was no major improvement of hormonal therapy specifically for premenopausal metastatic breast cancer. The median age of breast cancer is much younger, and the proportion of young breast cancer (YBC) patients (less than 40) including premenopausal women is much higher, in Asia, including Korea.
  Capecitabine, the comparator in this trial, is an orally-administered fluoropyrimidine derivative and has shown high efficacy and low toxicity in metastatic breast cancer patients. Palbociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitors, in combination with endocrine therapy showed marked advance in hormone receptor-positive MBC in the post-menopausal setting. After a median follow-up of 16.5 months, preliminary results from Part 1 of this Phase 2 trial suggest that the combination of PD-0332991 with letrozole is superior to letrozole alone, and improved objective response and disease control rates (52% vs 32% and 76% vs 47%, respectively) in patients treated with the combination. These remarkable results may contribute to have much benefit with endocrine therapy for premenopausal women. Most importantly, recent PALOMA-3 trial revealed superior results of adding palbociclib to fulvestrant (median PFS 9.2 vs 3.8 months, P<0.001).
  Based on these rational backgrounds, the purpose of this phase II study is to assess the safety and the clinical anti-tumor activity of exemestane plus goserelin acetate in combination with palbociclib vs capecitabine in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer patients


Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  1. Histologically confirmed metastatic breast cancer with measurable or evaluable disease: Patients who have progressed on distant metastatic sites after curative surgery or have stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis
  2. Age > 19 years
  3. ECOG performance status 0 - 2
  4. Patient has HER2-negative breast cancer with IHC and/or FISH (or SISH, CISH) Patient has ER positive and/or PgR positive breast cancer by local laboratory testing
  5. Patient is premenopausal. Premenopausal status is defined as either:
  A. Patient had last menstrual period within the last 12 months B. If within three months of tamoxifen (tamoxifen) taking, C. In case of chemotherapy induced amenorrhea, the serum FSH ≤40IU/l
  6. A. Patient who have stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis, allow disease that progressed after 1st line chemotherapy. B. Patient who have stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis, allow disease that progressed after tamoxifen or goserelin. C. In case of recur/metastatic breast cancer, allow disease that progressed after 12 month of completion of neo/adjuvant chemotherapy .
  7. Urine or serum HCG test must be negative.
  8. Adequate bone marrow function (≥ ANC 1,500/ul, ≥ platelet 100,000/ul, ≥ Hemoglobin 9.0 g/dl)
  9. Adequate renal function (≤ serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dl or CCr ≥ 50 ml/min)
  10. Adequate liver function (≤ serum bilirubin 1.5 mg/dl, ≤ AST/ALT x 3 upper normal limit)
  11. Patients who were already established on bisphosphonate therapy may continue on bisphosphonates.
  12. Patients agreed to use effective contraception or not of childbearing potential
  13. Written informed consent
  14. Consent to biomarker analysis.
  Exclusion Criteria:
  1. Postmenopausal women
  2. Serious uncontrolled intercurrent infections
  3. Serious intercurrent medical or psychiatric illness, including active cardiac disease
  4. Pregnancy or breast feeding
  5. Second primary malignancy(except in situ carcinoma of the cervix or adequately treated nonmelanomatous carcinoma of the skin or resected thyroid papillary carcinoma or other malignancy treated at least 5 years previously with no evidence of recurrence)
  6. Patients has received previous endocrine treatments such as, aromatase inhibitor, exemestane in the metastatic setting
  7. Patients has received previous treatment with CDK 4/6 inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, PIK3CA inhibitors or capecitabine
  8. No symptomatic visceral metastasis
  9. Known brain metastases unless treated and stable
  10. Clinically significant uncontrolled conditions including, known active hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
  11. QTc interval > 480 msec, family or personal history of long or short QT syndrome, or known history of QTc prolongation or Torsade de Pointes.
  12. Known positive testing for human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
  13. Unable to swallow and retain oral medication.
  14. Treatment radiotherapy within 4 weeks of the study
  15. Use of any investigational drug within 4 weeks of the study
  16. Treatment with chemotherapy within 3 weeks or hormone therapy within 2 weeks of the study

Relevance to patient case: not relevant