Patient case: 73-year-old male with melanoma; genetic feature: tumor cells negative for PD-L1 expression

Clinical trial: Vaccine Therapy With or Without Recombinant Interleukin-12 Followed by Daclizumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Summary: This randomized phase II trial is studying how well giving vaccine therapy together with or without recombinant interleukin-12 followed by daclizumab works in treating patients with melanoma that has spread to other places in the body. Vaccines made from peptides or antigens may help the body build an effective immune response to kill tumor cells. Recombinant interleukin-12 may kill tumor cells by stopping blood flow to the tumor and by stimulating white blood cells to kill melanoma cells. Monoclonal antibodies, such as daclizumab, may decrease the number of regulatory T cells (T cells that suppress the activation of the immmune system) and may lead to a better immune response against melanoma. It is not yet known whether vaccine therapy is more effective with interleukin-12 and daclizumab in treating melanoma.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To determine if admixture of IL-12 (recombinant interleukin-12) with vaccine emulsion will increase the frequency of vaccine-induced cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells in the blood.
  II. To determine if administration of daclizumab will deplete CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from the peripheral and potentiate specific immune responses induced by vaccination.
  III. To determine if vaccination +/- daclizumab will be safe in this patient population.
  SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
  I. To determine if vaccination +/- daclizumab will have clinical activity in patients with advanced melanoma.
  II. To determine if clinical response may be associated with particular gene expression profiles in the tumor microenvironment.
  OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.
  ARM I: Patients receive multipeptide vaccination comprising recombinant MAGE-3.1 antigen, MART-1 antigen, gp100 antigen, and NA17-A2 peptide emulsified with Montanide ISA-51 intradermically (ID) or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1, 22, and 50.
  ARM II: Patients receive vaccination as in arm I with an admixture of recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) on days 1, 22, and 50.
  In both arms, patients are evaluated for immune response. Patients with partial response or stable disease may be immunized for up to a maximum of 1 year. Patients with complete response may be treated with 1 additional course of 3 vaccinations.
  EXPANDED COHORT: Additional patients are accrued to the arm with higher immune response and receive daclizumab IV over 15 minutes on day -7. Patients then receive vaccination as in arm I or arm II on days 1, 22, and 50 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 8 weeks until disease progression and then at least every 3 months thereafter.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  -  Patients must have histologically confirmed melanoma with evidence of metastatic disease either by radiologic or physical examination
  -  In-transit metastases are allowed
  -  Biopsy should be performed to reconfirm the diagnosis in cases of doubt
  -  Patients must have measurable disease
  -  For computed tomography (CT) imaging, this is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as ≥ 20 mm by conventional techniques or as ≥ 10 mm by spiral CT scan
  -  For cutaneous lesions, these must be measurable with a ruler and documented photographically with a ruler in place
  -  There are no limits on the number of prior therapies; patients must not have received a vaccine containing any of the melanoma antigen peptides, nor previously received daclizumab; at least 4 weeks must have passed since prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy (6 weeks for BCNU [carmustine] or mitomycin C)
  -  Life expectancy greater than or equal to 12 weeks
  -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 (Karnofsky ≥ 80%)
  -  Leukocytes ≥ 3,000/mcL
  -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mcL
  -  Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL
  -  Platelets ≥ 100,000/mcL
  -  Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
  -  Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN
  -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) ≤ 2 x institutional ULN
  -  Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 1.25 x ULN
  -  Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing: patient must express HLA-A2, either by flow cytometry or by standard HLA typing
  -  Patient must agree to undergo biopsy of accessible tumor before and after therapy, when feasible, to study tumor cell properties and characteristics of immune cells; if a biopsy cannot be done, then a prior pathologic specimen from the patient must show tumor cells that are positive for melanosome specific antigen (HMB45) and MLANA (MelanA); the tumor must express at least 2 antigens in the vaccine for the patient to be eligible
  -  Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal, barrier method of birth control, or abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of treatment, and for 2 months after completion of treatment; a pregnancy test must be done and be negative for women of child-bearing potential; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
  -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
  Exclusion Criteria:
  -  Patients who have had chemotherapy, biological or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
  -  Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
  -  Presence of untreated brain metastases; all patients must undergo brain imaging as part of the pre-study evaluation; only patients with no brain metastases, or with brain lesions successfully treated by stereotactic radiation or surgical removal without progression at 28-day follow-up and off corticosteroids for 4 weeks, will be eligible
  -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition IL-12 or other agents used in the study
  -  Concurrent systemic corticosteroids (except physiologic replacement doses) or other immunosuppressive drugs (eg. cyclosporin A)
  -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, significant cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
  -  Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with IL-12; women of child-bearing age must be tested for urinary or serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
  -  Patients with intrinsic immunosuppression, including seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody; patients should be tested for HIV; HIV-positive patients are ineligible
  -  Psychiatric illness that may make compliance to the clinical protocol unmanageable or may compromise the ability of the patient to give informed consent; patients with clinical evidence of dementia should have a competent designee participate in decision making
  -  Serious concurrent infection, including active tuberculosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C; patients should be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody; patients who are hepatitis C antibody (Ab) positive can be eligible if they are polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative
  -  Active or history of autoimmune disease including but not limited to: rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor [RF]-positive with current or recent flare), inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosis (clinical evidence with antinuclear antibody [ANA] 1:80 or greater), ankylosing spondylitis, scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura; seropositivity alone will not be considered active autoimmunity; patients with immune-mediated hypothyrodisim and/or vitiligo are allowed
  -  Active gastrointestinal bleeding or uncontrolled peptic ulcer disease

Relevance to patient case: not relevant