Patient case: 61-year-old male with Ampullary carcinoma. Genetic variant: KRAS. Other conditions: None.

Clinical trial: Molecular Phenotype Changes and Personalized Treatment for CRPC

Summary: To explore the molecular phenotypic changes and personalized treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Detailed description: This is a multi-center study to explore the molecular phenotypic changes in castration-resistant prostate cancer by histopathological,immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of cancer related genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer.After patient eligibility is determined, tumor tissue will be acquired from archival or transurethral resection or from re-biopsy specimens from patients with recurrence, visceral metastasis, bone metastases. According to the molecular phenotypic changes, personalized treatment were performed.
  Participants will be screened with a full medical history and physical examination, blood and urine tests, and tumor imaging studies. The tumor specimens at diagnosis of prostate cancer should be needed for all the participants.
  After assessing for the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and the tumor molecular phenotypic features,participants will be separated into different treatment groups:
  1. Participants with "AR dependent" CRPC (generally with high PSA level and/or high AR expression) and with druggable gene mutations will receive Docetaxel/prednisone+Target drugs.
  2. Participants with "AR dependent" CRPC (generally with high PSA level and/or high AR expression) and without druggable gene mutations will receive Docetaxel/ Prednisone.
  3. Participants with "AR independent" CRPC (generally without AR expression and/or rapid progression with low PSA level) and with druggable gene mutations will receive Cisplatin/Etoposide+Target drugs.
  4. Participants with "AR independent" CRPC (generally without AR expression and/or rapid progression with low PSA level) and without druggable gene mutations will receive Cisplatin/Etoposide.
  Participants with druggable gene mutations will receive the corresponding molecular targeted drugs.
  Participants with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation will receive a drug called Gefitinib, which inhibits a protein called EGFR that is thought to be a key factor in the development and progression of some cancers.
  Participants with B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) gene mutations will receive a drug called Vemurafenib, which inhibits a protein called mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK) that is thought to be a key factor in the development and progression of some cancers.
  Participants with v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1 (AKT1) gene mutations will receive a drug called Celecoxib, which inhibits a protein called v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (AKT) that is thought to be a key factor in the development and progression of some cancers.
  Participants who have erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2) gene mutation will receive a drug called lapatinib, which inhibits some proteins that are thought to be key factors in the development and progression of some cancers.
  Participants with PDGFRA gene mutations will receive a drug called sunitinib, which inhibits some proteins that are thought to be key factors in the development and progression of some cancers.
  Participants with PIK3CA gene mutations will receive a drug called Everolimus, which inhibits a protein called AKT that is thought to be a key factor in the development and progression of some cancers.

Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  1. 18 Years and older;
  2. patients with CRPC according to European Association of Urology diagnostic criteria ;
  3. vital organs functions including bone marrow, heart, liver, kidney are normal;
  4. complete pathological specimens including newly diagnosed with prostate cancer and disease progress to CRPC: ① biopsies or surgical specimens (tissue bank or wax block preserved specimens) at diagnosis ; ② re-biopsy specimens,transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) specimens, metastases palliative surgical specimens (tissue bank or wax block preserved specimens) after progress to CRPC; ③ amount sufficient sample for DNA extraction and quality control by up to standard (a) Sample type: None RNA degradation and pollution-free DNA samples; (b) the amount of the sample (single): ≥ 250ng (using agilent liquid platform); (c) sample concentration: ≥ 50 ng / μl (using agilent liquid platform); (d) sample purity: OD 260/280 = 1.8 ~ 2.0 );
  5. Then we perform following tests when patients meet the above criteria: ①Histological analysis: Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining ②immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining ③ 48 carcinomas associated exon sequencing
  6. After performing the above test, enter treatment group ① Docetaxel & Prednisone(DP) : with high PSA and no gene mutation; ② DP + targeted drugs: with high PSA and gene mutations; ③ cisplatin & Etoposide(EP) : low PSA and no gene mutation; ④ EP + targeted drug: Low PSA and gene mutations.
  7. All patients enrolled in draw peripheral blood samples 7.5ml and detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) , monitoring efficacy.
  8. Willing and able to comply with the program during the study period. 9 before entering clinical trials to provide written informed consent form, and the patient has to know you can withdraw from the study at any time in the study, and without any loss.
  10. Agrees to provide blood and tissue specimens. 11 expected survival of> 6 months 12.Karnofsky performance status (KPS)> 60; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) score 0-2 13 signed informed consent form
  Exclusion Criteria:
  1. other cancers
  2. cognitive inability and mental abnormalities
  3. other serious disease or condition
  -  severe, uncontrolled internal medicine and infectious diseases
  -  severe digestive disorder can not control
  -  severe electrolyte imbalance
  -  active disseminated intravascular coagulation
  -  major organ failure, such as decompensated heart, lung, liver, kidney failure
  -  peripheral neuropathy symptoms, NCI grade> Ⅱ degree
  4. can not tolerate chemotherapy or refuse chemotherapy
  5. using the other test drug or participate other clinical trials
  6. can not oral drugs
  7. receiving chemotherapy, biological therapy, or other anti-cancer medicine intervals less than 4 weeks
  8. Researchers believe patients unsuitable (compliance, we should not follow-up)

Relevance to patient case: not relevant