Patient case: 52-year-old male with Colon cancer. Genetic variant: KRAS (G13D), BRAF (V600E). Other conditions: Type II Diabetes, Hypertension.

Clinical trial: A Study of AZD2014 in Combination With Selumetinib in Patients With Advanced Cancers

Summary: Selumetinib (AZD6244) and AZD2014 are two new anti-cancer treatments that AstraZeneca are developing; they are both not yet approved for clinical use.
  Selumetinib (AZD6244) is a drug that acts by blocking a protein called MEK, which has been linked to the development and growth of multiple cancers. AZD2014 is a drug that blocks a protein called mTOR that is involved in the growth and spread of cancer. Blocking the action of either MEK or mTOR alone may slow down or stop the cancer growing. Combining both drugs may make the cancer more sensitive than if Selumetinib (AZD6244) or AZD2014 are used alone and therefore this dual treatment may lead to increased anti-tumour effects.
  Although Selumetinib (AZD6244) and AZD2014 given alone and in combination with other anti-cancer drugs have been tested in people with advanced cancer, the specific combination of Selumetinib (AZD6244) and AZD2014 has not been used in people before. Therefore Phase 1b (Dose Escalation Phase) will determine what the recommended dose to use in Phase IIa (Dose Expansion Phase) will be. Efficacy, progression free survival, duration of response, and overall survival, will then be assessed in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, and Non small cell lung cancer within Phase IIa.


Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria:
  1. Written informed consent prior to admission to this study
  2. Age ≥18 years
  3. ECOG performance status 0 or 1
  4. Life expectancy ≥12 weeks
  5. Patients must have at least one lesion, not previously irradiated, that can be measured accurately at baseline as ≥10 mm in the longest diameter (except lymph nodes which must have short axis ≥15 mm) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is suitable for accurate repeated measurements
  6. Radiological or clinical evidence of disease progression
  7. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumour sample from the primary or recurrent cancer must be available for central testing
  8. Adequate haematologic and end organ function, defined by the following laboratory results obtained within 7 days prior to the first study treatment:
  -  ANC ≥ 1.5 x 109/l (without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support within 2 weeks prior to the first study treatment)
  -  Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/l (without transfusion within 2 weeks prior to the first study treatment)
  -  Haemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dl (transfusion permitted to establish target haemoglobin levels prior to the first study treatment)
  -  Serum creatinine ≤1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 50 ml/min
  -  Bilirubin level ≤1.5 x ULN (patients with known Gilbert disease who have bilirubin levels ≤ 3 x ULN may be enrolled)
  -  AST or ALT <2.5 x ULN or <5 x ULN in the presence of liver metastases
  -  Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) <2.5 x ULN or <5 x ULN in the presence of liver and/or bone metastases
  -  INR and aPTT ≤1.5 x ULN; this applies only to patients who are not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation; patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation should be on a stable dose.
  -  Female patients of child-bearing potential are eligible, provided they have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment, preferably as close to the first dose as possible. All patients with reproductive potential must agree to use adequate contraception beginning two weeks before the first dose of investigational product and for three months after the discontinuation of treatment. Adequate contraception methods include: intrauterine device [IUD], birth control pills unless clinically contraindicated, or a barrier device.
  Inclusion Criteria unique to the Dose Escalation Part (phase Ib part):
  1. Histologically or cytologically advanced solid tumour limited to:
  -  Tumour types with frequent activation of MAPK and/or PI3K pathways (pancreatic, thyroid, endometrial, renal, breast or ovarian carcinoma, colorectal cancer, NSCLC or melanoma) OR
  -  Tumours with known alteration in ≥1 gene involved in PI3K/AKT/mTOR or Ras/MEK pathway signalling, such as: KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT, LKB1, EGFR, FGFR, HER2, MET, RET, KIT, NF1
  2. Metastatic or locally advanced disease, which is refractory to conventional treatment or for which no conventional therapy exists; locally recurrent disease must not be amenable to resection with curative intent (patients who are considered suitable for surgical or ablative techniques following potential down-staging with study treatment are not eligible).
  Inclusion Criteria unique to the lung cancer dose expansion cohorts (phase IIa part):
  1. Histologically confirmed NSCLC
  2. Stage III disease that is unsuitable to radio-chemotherapy or Stage IV disease or recurrent NSCLC; recurrent disease must not be amenable to resection or radical radiotherapy with curative intent.
  3. Prior chemotherapy and/or, if indicated/accessible, EGFR-directed or ALK-directed therapy for advanced disease
  Inclusion Criteria unique to the TNBC dose expansion cohort (Phase IIa):
  1. Histologically confirmed TNCB defined as tumour cells being:
  -  Negative for ER with <1% of tumour cells positive for ER on IHC or IHC score (Allred) of ≤2
  -  Negative for PR with <1% of tumour cells positive for PR on IHC or IHC score (Allred) of ≤2 or PR unknown, and
  -  Negative for HER2 with 0, 1+ or 2+ intensity on IHC and no evidence of amplification on ISH.
  2. Metastatic or locally recurrent disease; locally recurrent disease must not be amenable to resection with curative intent (patients who are considered suitable for surgical or ablative techniques following potential down-staging with study treatment are not eligible).
  3. Prior chemotherapy for advanced disease
  Exclusion Criteria:
  1. Symptomatic CNS involvement or CNS involvement requiring steroid therapy; patients with treated brain metastases that are asymptomatic and have been clinically stable for 1 month will be eligible for protocol participation
  2. Prior chemotherapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, other anticancer agents and any investigational agents within 14 days of starting study treatment (not including palliative radiotherapy at focal sites)
  3. Any unresolved toxicity > CTCAE Grade 1 from previous anti-cancer therapy, with the exception of alopecia
  4. Current refractory nausea and vomiting, chronic gastrointestinal disease or inability to swallow the formulated product or previous significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption of the study medication
  5. Significant cardiovascular disease, such as;
  -  History of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes (including unstable angina), or coronary angioplasty/stenting/bypass grafting within past 6 months.
  -  Uncontrolled angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society grade II-IV despite medical therapy)
  -  History of symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes II-IV or Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <55% measured by echocardiography
  -  Severe cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication or severe conduction abnormalities (unless compensated by ventricular pacemaker); atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate >100 bpm on ECG at rest
  -  Poorly controlled hypertension (resting diastolic blood pressure >115 mmHg)
  -  Clinically significant valvular disease, cardiomegaly, ventricular hypertrophy, or prior or current cardiomyopathy
  6. QTc prolongation defined as a QTc interval >470 msecs
  7. Concomitant medications known to prolong QT interval
  8. Patients receiving concomitant immunosuppressive agents or chronic systemic corticosteroids (≥ 10 mg prednisolone or an equivalent dose of other anti-inflammatory corticosteroids) use for ≥ 28 days at the time of study entry except in cases outlined below: Topical applications (e.g. rash), inhaled sprays (e.g. obstructive airways diseases), eye drops or local injections (e.g. intra-articular) are allowed. Patients on stable low dose (<10 mg prednisolone or an equivalent dose of other anti-inflammatory corticosteroids) of corticosteroids for at least two weeks before registration are allowed
  9. Evidence of interstitial fibrotic lung disease (bilateral, diffuse, parenchymal lung disease)
  10. Clinically significant abnormalities of glucose metabolism as defined by any of the following
  -  Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type I or II (irrespective of management).
  -  Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) ≥ 8.0% at screening (64 mmol/mol) (conversion equation for HbA1C [IFCC-HbA1C (mmol/mol) = [DCCT-HbA1C (%) - 2.15] x 10.929)
  -  Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/L (126 mg/dL) at screening. Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
  11. Ophthalmological conditions as follows:
  -  Intra-ocular pressure >21 mmHg, or uncontrolled glaucoma (irrespective of intra-ocular pressure)
  -  Current or past history of central serous retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion
  12. Exposure to potent or moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4/5 if taken within the stated washout periods before the first dose of study treatment
  -  Inhibitors (competitive): ketoconazole, itraconazole, indinavir, saquinovir, nelfinavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, troleandomycin, telithromycin, fluconazole, nefazodone, cimetidine, aprepitant, miconazole, fluvoxamine, P-glycoprotein, grapefruit juice, or seville oranges (1 week minimum wash-out period), amiodarone (27 week minimum wash-out period)
  -  Inhibitors (time dependent): erythromycin, clarithromycin, verapamil, ritonavir, diltiazem (2 week minimum wash-out period)
  -  Inducers: phenytoin, rifampicin, St. John's Wort, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, primidone, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, troglitazone, pioglitazone, oxcarbazepine, nevirapine, efavirenz, rifabutin (3 week minimum wash-out period) and phenobarbitone (5 week minimum wash-out period)
  13. Exposure to potent or moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP2C8 within the stated washout periods before the first dose of study treatment
  -  Inhibitors: Gemfibrozil, trimethoprim, glitazones, montelukast, quercetin (1 week minimum wash-out period)
  -  Inducers: Rifampicin (3 week minimum wash-out period)
  14. Exposure to sensitive or narrow therapeutic range substrates of the drug metabolising enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or the drug transporters Pgp (MDR1) and BCRP within the appropriate wash-out period before the first dose of study treatment
  15. Active second malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer): active secondary malignancy is defined as a current need for cancer therapy or a high possibility (>30%) of recurrence during the study.
  16. Any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease, active infection, active bleeding diatheses or renal transplant, including any patient known to have hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  17. Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that, in the investigator's opinion, gives reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, render the patient at high risk from treatment complications or interferes with obtaining informed consent.
  18. Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical conditions that do not permit compliance with the study protocol.
  19. Concurrent treatment with other experimental drugs or participation in another clinical trial with any investigational drug ≤30 days prior to study entry depending on the half-life of the investigational drug and/or guidance issued by the TORCMEK IMP manufacturer. Please contact the TORCMEK Coordinating team for further information.
  Exclusion Criteria unique to the dose expansion cohorts (phase IIa part):
  1. Prior treatment with PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors or MEK, Ras or Raf inhibitors.
  2. Prior radiotherapy to the indicator lesion(s); Newly arising lesions in previously irradiated areas are accepted.

Relevance to patient case: not relevant