araag2/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial: Effects of Chromium on Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease Patients (NCT03038282)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Outpatients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

          -  Exhibiting an onset and progression of cognitive dysfunction during at least 3 months
             prior to the screening period.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with neurodegenerative diseases other than Alzheimer's disease.

          -  Patients with cognitive dysfunction due to cerebral damage resulting from a lack of
             oxygen, a brain injury, etc.

          -  Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease.

          -  Patients with history of clinically-evident stroke.

          -  Patients with history of cancer in the last 5 years.

          -  Patients with clinically-significant systemic illness that may affect safety or
             completion of the study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.


Patient description (medical language): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient description (patient's own words): I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Romosozumab in the Treatment of Japanese Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (NCT01992159)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Ambulatory, postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis (defined as bone mineral
        density T-score of ≤ -4.00 at the lumbar spine or BMD T-score of ≤ -3.50 at the total hip,
        or femoral neck)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe osteoporosis

          -  Use of agents affecting bone metabolism

          -  History of metabolic or bone disease (except osteoporosis)

          -  Vitamin D insufficiency (vitamin D repletion and rescreening is permitted)

          -  Current hyper- or hypocalcemia

          -  Current, uncontrolled hyper- or hypothyroidism

          -  Current, uncontrolled hyper- or hypoparathyroidism
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Patient description (medical language): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Contradiction
Clinical trial: Sperm Production in Kleinfelter Syndrome Patients After Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection (NCT02414295)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Kleinfelter syndrome

          -  Azoospermia

          -  Negative TESE

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Absent Testes
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Patient description (medical language): A 24-year-old man comes to the office complaining of infertility.  He and his wife have been trying to conceive for the last 18 months.  Medical records of his wife showed no abnormalities.  The patient doesn't smoke and takes no medications.  Height is 185 cm and weight is 77 kg.  Heart and lung sounds are normal.  There is bilateral gynecomastia and bilateral descended firm testes.  The lower extremities appear abnormally long. His karyotype evaluation shows 47, XXY consistent with Klinefelter syndrome.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm only a 24 year old man but I’m already struggling with infertility. I went to a clinic with my wife the other day because we've been trying to have a baby for at least 18 months. The medical records of my wife are totally normal. For me I don't smoke or take any medication. I'm 185 cm and 77 kg. Everything was normal when the doctor inspected my lungs and my heart. The doctor said that I have enlarged breasts for a man. My testicles seem normal. The doctor noticed that my legs were abnormally long compared to the rest of my body. I also had a karyotype evaluation which led the doctor to diagnose me with Klinefelter syndrome.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Ultrasonography Guided Pleural Biopsy Versus Computed Tomography Guided Pleural Biopsy (NCT01196585)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with exudative pleural effusion who require invasive procedure for diagnosis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients without pleural effusion
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Patient description (medical language): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient description (patient's own words): I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Using DBS to Probe Basal Ganglia Dysfunction (NCT04080674)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the
             study.

          -  Male or Female, aged 18 to 80 years old.

          -  Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor or Dystonia.

          -  Undergoing two-stage surgery for deep brain stimulation as therapy for their movement
             disorder.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cognitive impairment (judged by the clinician on the care team or in the research team
             as a participant not having sufficient mental capacity to understand the study and its
             requirements). This includes anyone who, in the opinion of clinicians on the care team
             or clinicians in the research team, is unlikely to retain sufficient mental capacity
             for the duration of their involvement in the study.

          -  Intracranial bleeding, confusion, cerebrospinal fluid leak or any other complication
             after the first stage of surgery.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Patient description (medical language): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Stem Cell Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (NCT02241434)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age group of 3-25 years

          -  Duchenne muscular dystrophy diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of respiratory distress

          -  presence of acute infections such as Human Immunodeficient Virus/Hepatitis B
             Virus/Hepatitis C Virus

          -  malignancies

          -  acute medical conditions such as respiratory infection, fever, hemoglobin less than 8,
             bleeding tendency, bone marrow disorder, left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%

          -  pregnancy or breastfeeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 25 Years

Patient description (medical language): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient description (patient's own words): I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair: Necessary or Not? (NCT02083939)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, unilateral or bilateral

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Those requiring antibiotics for the surgery;

          -  Those patients who have experienced surgical site infections from previous surgeries
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Patient description (medical language): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Upper Limb Assessment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (NCT02436720)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  proven DMD

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  severe mental retardation
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Patient description (medical language): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient description (patient's own words): I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Evaluation of Two Different Thickening Products in Patients With Dysphagia (NCT01651975)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  History of dysphagia necessitating a dynamic fluoroscopic swallow study

          -  Age > 18 years

          -  Ability to complete a comprehensive dynamic fluoroscopic swallow study

          -  Ability to provide informed consent for study participation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age < 18 years

          -  Pregnant women

          -  Prisoner or other institutionalized individual

          -  Cognitive disability precluding the ability to provide informed consent or complete a
             comprehensive swallow study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Patient description (medical language): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment
Clinical trial: Feasibility Study of Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty (BET) (NCT02631187)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Adult patients over 18 years old with grade 2-3 retraction pocket of the tympanic membrane
        as assessed by study clinician.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Craniofacial abnormalities (assessed by history and examination)

          -  Cholesteatoma (assessed by history, otoscopy, tympanogram, PTA)

          -  Nasopharyngeal tumours (assessed by flexible nasendoscopy)

          -  Adenoid hypertrophy (assessed by flexible nasendoscopy)

          -  Patulous ET (assessed by history, otoscopy and tympanogram)

          -  Previous middle ear surgery (assessed by history and otoscopy)

          -  Concurrent use of anticoagulant medication
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Patient description (medical language): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient description (patient's own words): I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Contradiction
Clinical trial: A Study to Evaluate SAGE-217 in Participants With Essential Tremor (NCT02978781)

Eligibility criteria:
Key Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant must have a diagnosis of Essential Tremor (ET), defined as bilateral
             postural tremor and kinetic tremor, involving hands and forearms, that is visible and
             persistent and the duration is >5 years prior to screening.

        Key Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant has presence of abnormal neurological signs other than tremor or Froment's
             sign.

          -  Participant has presence of known causes of enhanced physiological tremor.

          -  Participant has concurrent or recent exposure (14 days prior to admission visit) to
             tremorogenic drugs.

          -  Participant has had direct or indirect trauma to the nervous system within 3 months
             before the onset of tremor.

          -  Participant has historical or clinical evidence of tremor with psychogenic origin.

          -  Participant has convincing evidence of sudden tremor onset or evidence of stepwise
             deterioration of tremor.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Patient description (medical language): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient description (patient's own words): I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Does the patient match the trial criteria? Entailment