Clinical trial NCT00505947 (phase 3, status: terminated)
Conditions: diabetic macular edema, visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy
ICD codes: E10.311, E10.319, E11.311, E11.319, E13.311, E13.319, E10.3513, H35.23, H35.20, H35.21, H35.22, E10.3553, E11.3553, E13.3553
Drugs: infliximab, placebo
SMILES: CN1C(=O)C=C(N2CCC[C@@H](N)C2)N(CC2=C(C=CC=C2)C#N)C1=O
Reason stopped: 
    the number of the anticipated participants was not achieved
  
Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Have the capacity to understand and sign an informed consent form.

          -  Signed informed consent (must be obtained before any specific procedure is performed).

          -  Presence of clinically significant macular edema, with visual acuity less than 0.4
             corrected to EDRS scale, which is refractory to at least two sessions of laser
             photocoagulation, defined as: A) Thickening of the retina at or within 500 μm of the
             center of the macula. B) Hard exudates at or within 500 μm of the center of the
             macula, if associated with thickening of the adjacent retina. C) A zone or zones of
             retinal thickening 1 disc area or larger, any part of which is within 1 disc diameter
             of the center of the macula.

          -  Male or female aged 18-80 years, inclusive.

          -  Type 1 or type 2 diabetes of at least 1 year duration. Type 1 diabetes is defined
             clinically as a diagnosis made before the age of 36 years with a continuous need for
             insulin within a year of diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes is defined clinically as a
             diagnosis made at age of 36 or above without a need for continuous insulin therapy
             within a year of diagnosis.

          -  Postmenopausal women (no menstrual cycle for a period of a minimum of 1 year) or
             surgically sterilized and have a negative serum pregnancy test on entry in the study.
             Men must agree to use adequate birth control during the study for 6 months after the
             infusion of the study agent.

          -  Men and women of childbearing potential must use adequate birth control measures (e.g.
             abstinence, oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, barrier method with spermicide,
             implantable or injectable contraceptives or surgical sterilization) for the duration
             of the study and should continue such precautions for 6 months after receiving the
             last infusion.

          -  Stable diabetic therapy within the last 6 months, i.e. absence of major change in
             glycemic control (e.g. 2% change in HbA1c) or change in daily number of insulin
             injections.

          -  HbA1c 6.2-10%.

          -  The screening laboratory test must meet the following criteria: white blood cell count
             >5x10/L; absolute neutrophil count >1x10/L; platelet count >50x10/L; haemoglobin >100
             g/L; serum creatinine <2 mg/dl; aspartate aminotransferase < 3 times the upper normal
             limit; alanine aminotransferase <3 times the upper normal limit; alkaline phosphatase
             < 2 times the upper normal limit, γ-GT< 2 times the upper normal limit

          -  Patients are considered eligible according to the following tuberculosis (TB)
             screening criteria: A)Have no history of latent or active TB prior to screening.
             B)Have no signs or symptoms suggestive of active TB upon medical history and/or
             physical examination. C)Have had no recent close contact with a person with active TB
             or, if there has been such contact, will be referred to a physician specializing in TB
             to undergo additional evaluation and, if warranted, receive appropriate treatment for
             latent TB prior to or simultaneously with the first administration of study agent. D)
             Within 1 month prior to the first administration of study agent, either have a
             negative tuberculin skin test, as outlined in appendix B, or have a newly identified
             positive tuberculin skin test during screening in which active TB has been ruled out
             and for which appropriate treatment for latent TB has been initiated either prior to
             or simultaneously with the first administration of study agent. E)Have a chest
             radiograph (both posterior-anterior and lateral views), taken within 3 months prior to
             the first administration of study agent and read by a qualified radiologist, with no
             evidence of current active TB or old inactive TB.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Vitreoretinal traction.

          -  Retinal detachment.

          -  Proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring immediate panretinal photocoagulation.

          -  Any previous eye surgery in the last 6 months before the beginning of the study
             (intravitreal injections are not considered ocular surgery).

          -  Macular Edema of ischaemic type.

          -  Macular Edema caused by retinal conditions other than diabetes.

          -  Cataract or media opacities of a degree which precludes accurate retinal photographs
             or OCT measurement.

          -  Hard exudates under the fovea.

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure above 180/110 mmHg).

          -  Angle closure glaucoma which precludes pharmacological dilatation of the pupil.

          -  Use in the previous 6 months of oral corticosteroids or in the previous month of
             anti-inflammatory medication.

          -  Women who are pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy within 6 months after the last
             infusion) (this includes fathers who plan on fathering a child within 6 months after
             their last infusion).

          -  Have had any previous treatment with monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments.

          -  History of receiving human/murine recombinant products or a known allergy to murine
             products. A known allergy to murine product is definitely an exclusion criterion.

          -  Documentation of seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

          -  A positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C virus (HCV).

          -  Have a history of alcohol or substance abuse within the preceding 6 months that, in
             the opinion of the investigator, may increase the risks associated with study
             participation or study agent administration, or may interfere with interpretation of
             the results.

          -  Have a known history of serious infections (e.g. hepatitis, pneumonia, or
             pyelonephritis) in the previous 3 months.

          -  Have or have had an opportunistic infection (e.g. herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus,
             Pneumocystis carinii, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, or mycobacteria other than
             tuberculosis) within 6 months prior to screening.

          -  Positive PPD test.

          -  Have a chest radiograph at screening that shows evidence of malignancy, infection, or
             any abnormalities suggestive of TB.

          -  Have a history of lymphoproliferative disease, including lymphoma or signs suggestive
             of possible lymphoproliferative disease such as lymphadenopathy of unusual size or
             location (e.g. nodes in the posterior triangle of the neck, infraclavicular,
             epitrocheal, or periaortic area), or splenomegaly.

          -  Currently have a known malignancy or have a malignancy within the previous 5 years,
             with the exception of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been fully
             excised with no evidence of recurrence.

          -  Have current signs or symptoms of severe, progressive or uncontrolled renal, hepatic,
             haematological, gastrointestinal, endocrine, pulmonary, cardiac, neurological or
             cerebral disease.

          -  Are unable or unwilling to undergo multiple venipunctures because of poor tolerability
             or lack of easy access.

          -  Use of any investigational drug within 6 months prior to screening.

          -  Presence of transplanted solid organ (with the exception of corneal transplant > 3
             months prior to screening).

          -  Have a concomitant diagnosis or history of congestive heart failure.

          -  Blood donation for the duration of the study

          -  Have allergy or other contraindication to fluorescein