Clinical trial NCT00441584 (phase 3, status: terminated)
Conditions: hepatitis c, chronic
ICD codes: B18.2, B18.0, B18.1, B18.8, B18.9, K71.3, K71.4
Drugs: rebetol (ribavirin)
SMILES: NC(=O)C1=NN(C=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
Reason stopped: 
    subject accrual was prematurely terminated due slow enrollment.
  
Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject must demonstrate their willingness to participate in the study and comply with
             its procedures by signing a written informed consent.

          -  Subject must be 18-70 years of age of either sex and of any race.

          -  Subject must be diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 (confirmation by biopsy
             not required). (Liver function tests (LFTs) can be normal or elevated.)

          -  Female subjects cannot be pregnant or breastfeeding and must be either postmenopausal,
             surgically sterile or using 2 methods of birth control. While abstinence from sexual
             activity is the only certain method to prevent pregnancy, female patients of
             childbearing potential who are or who anticipate the possibility of becoming sexually
             active with a male partner must use a combination of the following 2 methods:

               -  Contraceptive pill or intrauterine device (IUD) or depot hormonal preparation
                  (ring, injection, implant), and

               -  A barrier method of contraception such as diaphragm, sponge with spermicide,
                  condom, or a method of birth control considered acceptable by the study
                  physician.

          -  Contraceptive measures will be reviewed with female subjects at each visit. Dual
             methods of contraception must be used for 6 months after treatment discontinuation.

          -  Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at
             screen phase and during the study.

          -  Confirmation by the principal investigator or a sub-investigator that sexually active
             male subjects are practicing a method of contraception considered acceptable
             (vasectomy, condom plus spermicide, plus relationship with a female partner who
             practices an acceptable method of contraception). Contraception must be used during
             the treatment period and for seven months after the completion of therapy, including
             condom use by male subjects with pregnant partners.

          -  Subject must be free of any clinically significant disease that would interfere with
             study evaluations.

          -  Subject must understand, be able to and agree to adhere to the dosing and visit
             schedules.

          -  Compensated liver disease with the following minimum hematologic and biochemical
             criteria at the Day 1 visit within normal limits:

               -  Hemoglobin values equal to or greater than 12 g/dL for females and 13 g/dL for
                  males

               -  White blood cell (WBC) count equal to or greater than 3,000/cu mm

               -  Neutrophil count equal to or greater than 1,500/cu mm

               -  Platelet count equal to or greater than 80,000/cu mm

               -  Direct bilirubin within normal limits

               -  Indirect bilirubin within normal limits (unless non-hepatitis related factors
                  such as Gilbert's disease explain an indirect bilirubin rise). In such cases
                  indirect bilirubin should be less than or equal to 3.0 mg/dL (less than or equal
                  to 51.3 µmol/L)

               -  Albumin within normal limits

               -  Serum creatinine within normal limits

               -  Subject must be a non-responder, defined as having received and not having
                  responded to a prior treatment consisting of one course of Pegasys 180 mcg QW in
                  combination with ribavirin 1000-1200 mg daily, with or without amantadine, for a
                  minimum of 12 weeks and:

                    -  Subject must be found to be hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA)
                       positive with less than a 2-log drop at 12 weeks of treatment, or

                    -  is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive at End Of Treatment, whether End
                       Of Treatment happened at week 48 or earlier

          -  Subject must be off Pegasys/ribavirin at least 12 weeks prior to screen.

          -  Subject must have had no other treatment with any interferon except Pegasys.

          -  Subject must neither have received nor currently be on any other treatment for his
             chronic hepatitis C disease, except for amantadine.

          -  When available, historical liver biopsy with pathology report of the subject must
             confirm that the histological diagnosis is consistent with chronic hepatitis C.

          -  Subject must have a value of thyroid stimulating hormone within normal limits (whether
             euthyroid or requiring thyroid medications).

          -  Antinuclear antibodies must be less than or equal to 1:320.

          -  If abdominal imaging has been performed within 1 year prior to screen, it must not
             show evidence of focal mass suggestive of hepatoma and/or ascites.

          -  For subjects with a history of diabetes or hypertension, clearance from an
             ophthalmologist has to be obtained prior to treatment start.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject is a female who is pregnant or breastfeeding, or who intends to become
             pregnant during the study.

          -  Subject has used any investigational product within 30 days prior to enrollment or is
             currently involved in another clinical trial.

          -  Subjects weighing over 125 kg.

          -  Subject has any of the following causes for the liver disease based on subject history
             or biopsy (where applicable) other than chronic hepatitis C, including but not limited
             to:

               -  Hemochromatosis

               -  Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

               -  Wilson's disease

               -  Autoimmune hepatitis

               -  Alcoholic liver disease

               -  Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

               -  Drug-related liver disease

          -  Subject has any clinically significant deviation from normal in the physical
             examination, chest x-ray, or electrocardiogram (ECG) that, in the investigator's
             judgment, may interfere with the study evaluation or affect subject safety.

          -  Subject is in a situation or condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may
             interfere with optimal participation in the study.

          -  Subject is part of the staff or a family member of the staff personnel directly
             involved with this study.

          -  Subject is a previously untreated subject.

          -  Subject has been treated with Pegasys + less than 1000 mg of ribavirin (instead of
             with 1000-1200 mg of ribavirin).

          -  Subject has been discontinued from Pegasys treatment at any week due to an adverse
             event.

          -  Subject is co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis B
             virus (HBV).

          -  Subject is suspected to be hypersensitive to interferon alpha or Peg-Intron or
             ribavirin.

          -  Subject has previously received interferon, (except for the Pegasys flat dose 180 mcg
             QW for at least 12 weeks), thymosin or Cell Cept treatment or any other drug intended
             to treat chronic hepatitis C.

          -  Subject has had organ transplants other than cornea and hair transplant.

          -  Subject has a history of hepatocellular carcinoma or any other malignancy (except
             basal cell carcinoma) within the last 5 years or a suspected diagnosis of
             hepatocellular carcinoma or other malignancy, or an active malignancy.

          -  Known coagulation diseases such as hemophilia; hemoglobin diseases (e.g. thalassemia).

          -  Subject has glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

          -  Subject has an evidence of decompensated liver disease such as history or presence of
             ascites, bleeding varices, spontaneous encephalopathy.

          -  Subject has any known pre-existing medical condition that could interfere with the
             subject's participation in and completion of the study as followed below:

               -  Preexisting psychiatric condition, especially moderate to severe depression, or a
                  history of severe psychiatric disorder, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, or
                  suicide attempts. Severe depression includes the following:

                    -  Hospitalization for depression

                    -  Electroconvulsive therapy for depression, or

                    -  Depression causing a prolonged absence from work or significantly altering
                       daily functions.

          -  Subjects with mild depression may be considered for entry into the study provided that
             a pre-treatment assessment demonstrates that the subject's emotional status is
             clinically stable, in which case a management plan must be formulated for the subject;
             this management plan will become a part of the subject's medical record.

               -  Craniocerebral trauma, which is not a concussion, or active seizure disorders
                  requiring medication.

               -  Clinically significant ECG abnormalities and/or cardiovascular dysfunction within
                  6 previous months (e.g., angina, congestive heart failure, recent myocardial
                  infarction, or significant arrhythmia).

               -  Chronic lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive lung disease)

               -  Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: HbA1C more than or equal to 8.5%

               -  Immune-mediated disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn's disease,
                  ulcerative colitis], idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus
                  erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, scleroderma, severe psoriasis)

               -  Clinical gout

               -  Creatinine clearance less than or equal to 50 mL/min

               -  any medical condition which may require use of chronic systemic steroids

          -  Subject is or was a substance abuser, such as alcohol (80 g/day or more), methadone,
             intravenous (IV), oral or inhaled drugs. To be considered for inclusion, the subject
             must have abstained and agree to abstain from using any of the above for at least 6
             months. Subjects treated with buprenorphine (Subutex) who have been stable for 6
             months may be included.