apaz/codeforces-genesys huggingface dataset:
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Marina loves strings of the same length and Vasya loves when there is a third string, different from them in exactly t characters. Help Vasya find at least one such string.

More formally, you are given two strings s1, s2 of length n and number t. Let's denote as f(a, b) the number of characters in which strings a and b are different. Then your task will be to find any string s3 of length n, such that f(s1, s3) = f(s2, s3) = t. If there is no such string, print  - 1.

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers n and t (1 ≤ n ≤ 105, 0 ≤ t ≤ n).

The second line contains string s1 of length n, consisting of lowercase English letters.

The third line contain string s2 of length n, consisting of lowercase English letters.

## Output Format
Print a string of length n, differing from string s1 and from s2 in exactly t characters. Your string should consist only from lowercase English letters. If such string doesn't exist, print -1.

## Examples
```input
3 2
abc
xyc
```
```output
ayd
```
-----
```input
1 0
c
b
```
```output
-1
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Dima loves representing an odd number as the sum of multiple primes, and Lisa loves it when there are at most three primes. Help them to represent the given number as the sum of at most than three primes.

More formally, you are given an odd numer n. Find a set of numbers pi (1 ≤ i ≤ k), such that

1. 1 ≤ k ≤ 3
2. pi is a prime
3. $$\sum_{i=1}^{k} p_i = n$$

The numbers pi do not necessarily have to be distinct. It is guaranteed that at least one possible solution exists.

## Input Format
The single line contains an odd number n (3 ≤ n < 109).

## Output Format
In the first line print k (1 ≤ k ≤ 3), showing how many numbers are in the representation you found.

In the second line print numbers pi in any order. If there are multiple possible solutions, you can print any of them.

## Examples
```input
27
```
```output
3
5 11 11
```

## Note
A prime is an integer strictly larger than one that is divisible only by one and by itself.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Anton loves transforming one permutation into another one by swapping elements for money, and Ira doesn't like paying for stupid games. Help them obtain the required permutation by paying as little money as possible.

More formally, we have two permutations, p and s of numbers from 1 to n. We can swap pi and pj, by paying |i - j| coins for it. Find and print the smallest number of coins required to obtain permutation s from permutation p. Also print the sequence of swap operations at which we obtain a solution.

## Input Format
The first line contains a single number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000) — the length of the permutations.

The second line contains a sequence of n numbers from 1 to n — permutation p. Each number from 1 to n occurs exactly once in this line.

The third line contains a sequence of n numbers from 1 to n — permutation s. Each number from 1 to n occurs once in this line.

## Output Format
In the first line print the minimum number of coins that you need to spend to transform permutation p into permutation s.

In the second line print number k (0 ≤ k ≤ 2·106) — the number of operations needed to get the solution.

In the next k lines print the operations. Each line must contain two numbers i and j (1 ≤ i, j ≤ n, i ≠ j), which means that you need to swap pi and pj.

It is guaranteed that the solution exists.

## Examples
```input
4
4 2 1 3
3 2 4 1
```
```output
3
2
4 3
3 1
```

## Note
In the first sample test we swap numbers on positions 3 and 4 and permutation p becomes 4 2 3 1. We pay |3 - 4| = 1 coins for that. On second turn we swap numbers on positions 1 and 3 and get permutation 3241 equal to s. We pay |3 - 1| = 2 coins for that. In total we pay three coins.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
In this problem you are to calculate the sum of all integers from 1 to n, but you should take all powers of two with minus in the sum.

For example, for n = 4 the sum is equal to  - 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 =  - 4, because 1, 2 and 4 are 20, 21 and 22 respectively.

Calculate the answer for t values of n.

## Input Format
The first line of the input contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) — the number of values of n to be processed.

Each of next t lines contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 109).

## Output Format
Print the requested sum for each of t integers n given in the input.

## Examples
```input
2
4
1000000000
```
```output
-4
499999998352516354
```

## Note
The answer for the first sample is explained in the statement.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 2.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
You are given the set of vectors on the plane, each of them starting at the origin. Your task is to find a pair of vectors with the minimal non-oriented angle between them.

Non-oriented angle is non-negative value, minimal between clockwise and counterclockwise direction angles. Non-oriented angle is always between 0 and π. For example, opposite directions vectors have angle equals to π.

## Input Format
First line of the input contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the number of vectors.

The i-th of the following n lines contains two integers xi and yi (|x|, |y| ≤ 10 000, x2 + y2 > 0) — the coordinates of the i-th vector. Vectors are numbered from 1 to n in order of appearing in the input. It is guaranteed that no two vectors in the input share the same direction (but they still can have opposite directions).

## Output Format
Print two integer numbers a and b (a ≠ b) — a pair of indices of vectors with the minimal non-oriented angle. You can print the numbers in any order. If there are many possible answers, print any.

## Examples
```input
4
-1 0
0 -1
1 0
1 1
```
```output
3 4
```
-----
```input
6
-1 0
0 -1
1 0
1 1
-4 -5
-4 -6
```
```output
6 5
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 2.5 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
You are playing a board card game. In this game the player has two characteristics, x and y — the white magic skill and the black magic skill, respectively. There are n spell cards lying on the table, each of them has four characteristics, ai, bi, ci and di. In one move a player can pick one of the cards and cast the spell written on it, but only if first two of it's characteristics meet the requirement ai ≤ x and bi ≤ y, i.e. if the player has enough magic skill to cast this spell. However, after casting the spell the characteristics of a player change and become equal to x = ci and y = di.

At the beginning of the game both characteristics of a player are equal to zero. The goal of the game is to cast the n-th spell. Your task is to make it in as few moves as possible. You are allowed to use spell in any order and any number of times (for example, you may not use some spells at all).

## Input Format
The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the number of cards on the table.

Each of the next n lines contains four integers ai, bi, ci, di (0 ≤ ai, bi, ci, di ≤ 109) — the characteristics of the corresponding card.

## Output Format
In the first line print a single integer k — the minimum number of moves needed to cast the n-th spell and in the second line print k numbers — the indices of the cards in the order in which you should cast them. In case there are multiple possible solutions, print any of them.

If it is impossible to cast the n-th spell, print  - 1.

## Examples
```input
4
0 0 3 4
2 2 5 3
4 1 1 7
5 3 8 8
```
```output
3
1 2 4
```
-----
```input
2
0 0 4 6
5 1 1000000000 1000000000
```
```output
-1
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 2.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
The scientists have recently discovered wormholes — objects in space that allow to travel very long distances between galaxies and star systems.

The scientists know that there are n galaxies within reach. You are in the galaxy number 1 and you need to get to the galaxy number n. To get from galaxy i to galaxy j, you need to fly onto a wormhole (i, j) and in exactly one galaxy day you will find yourself in galaxy j.

Unfortunately, the required wormhole is not always available. Every galaxy day they disappear and appear at random. However, the state of wormholes does not change within one galaxy day. A wormhole from galaxy i to galaxy j exists during each galaxy day taken separately with probability pij. You can always find out what wormholes exist at the given moment. At each moment you can either travel to another galaxy through one of wormholes that exist at this moment or you can simply wait for one galaxy day to see which wormholes will lead from your current position at the next day.

Your task is to find the expected value of time needed to travel from galaxy 1 to galaxy n, if you act in the optimal way. It is guaranteed that this expected value exists.

## Input Format
The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of galaxies within reach.

Then follows a matrix of n rows and n columns. Each element pij represents the probability that there is a wormhole from galaxy i to galaxy j. All the probabilities are given in percents and are integers. It is guaranteed that all the elements on the main diagonal are equal to 100.

## Output Format
Print a single real value — the expected value of the time needed to travel from galaxy 1 to galaxy n if one acts in an optimal way. Your answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10 - 6.

Namely: let's assume that your answer is a, and the answer of the jury is b. The checker program will consider your answer correct, if $$\frac{|a-b|}{\max(1,b)} \leq 10^{-6}$$.

## Examples
```input
3
100 50 50
0 100 80
0 0 100
```
```output
1.750000000000000
```
-----
```input
2
100 30
40 100
```
```output
3.333333333333333
```

## Note
In the second sample the wormhole from galaxy 1 to galaxy 2 appears every day with probability equal to 0.3. The expected value of days one needs to wait before this event occurs is $$\frac { 1 } { 0. 3 } = 3 \frac { 1 } { 3 }$$.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
A tennis tournament with n participants is running. The participants are playing by an olympic system, so the winners move on and the losers drop out.

The tournament takes place in the following way (below, m is the number of the participants of the current round):

- let k be the maximal power of the number 2 such that k ≤ m,
- k participants compete in the current round and a half of them passes to the next round, the other m - k participants pass to the next round directly,
- when only one participant remains, the tournament finishes.

Each match requires b bottles of water for each participant and one bottle for the judge. Besides p towels are given to each participant for the whole tournament.

Find the number of bottles and towels needed for the tournament.

Note that it's a tennis tournament so in each match two participants compete (one of them will win and the other will lose).

## Input Format
The only line contains three integers n, b, p (1 ≤ n, b, p ≤ 500) — the number of participants and the parameters described in the problem statement.

## Output Format
Print two integers x and y — the number of bottles and towels need for the tournament.

## Examples
```input
5 2 3
```
```output
20 15
```
-----
```input
8 2 4
```
```output
35 32
```

## Note
In the first example will be three rounds:

1. in the first round will be two matches and for each match 5 bottles of water are needed (two for each of the participants and one for the judge),
2. in the second round will be only one match, so we need another 5 bottles of water,
3. in the third round will also be only one match, so we need another 5 bottles of water.

So in total we need 20 bottles of water.

In the second example no participant will move on to some round directly.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Limak is a little polar bear. He likes nice strings — strings of length n, consisting of lowercase English letters only.

The distance between two letters is defined as the difference between their positions in the alphabet. For example, $$\operatorname{dist}(c,e)=\operatorname{dist}(e,c)=2$$, and $$\operatorname{dist}(a,z)=\operatorname{dist}(z,a)=25$$.

Also, the distance between two nice strings is defined as the sum of distances of corresponding letters. For example, $$\operatorname{dist}(af,db)=\operatorname{dist}(a,d)+\operatorname{dist}(f,b)=3+4=7$$, and $$\operatorname{dist}(\text{bear}, \text{roar}) = 16 + 10 + 0 + 0 = 26$$.

Limak gives you a nice string s and an integer k. He challenges you to find any nice string s' that $$\text{dist}(s, s') = k$$. Find any s' satisfying the given conditions, or print "-1" if it's impossible to do so.

As input/output can reach huge size it is recommended to use fast input/output methods: for example, prefer to use gets/scanf/printf instead of getline/cin/cout in C++, prefer to use BufferedReader/PrintWriter instead of Scanner/System.out in Java.

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 105, 0 ≤ k ≤ 106).

The second line contains a string s of length n, consisting of lowercase English letters.

## Output Format
If there is no string satisfying the given conditions then print "-1" (without the quotes).

Otherwise, print any nice string s' that $$\text{dist}(s, s') = k$$.

## Examples
```input
4 26
bear
```
```output
roar
```
-----
```input
2 7
af
```
```output
db
```
-----
```input
3 1000
hey
```
```output
-1
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.