apaz/codeforces-genesys huggingface dataset:
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 2.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
The hero of the Cut the Rope game is a little monster named Om Nom. He loves candies. And what a coincidence! He also is the hero of today's problem.

One day, Om Nom visited his friend Evan. Evan has n candies of two types (fruit drops and caramel drops), the i-th candy hangs at the height of hi centimeters above the floor of the house, its mass is mi. Om Nom wants to eat as many candies as possible. At the beginning Om Nom can make at most x centimeter high jumps. When Om Nom eats a candy of mass y, he gets stronger and the height of his jump increases by y centimeters.

What maximum number of candies can Om Nom eat if he never eats two candies of the same type in a row (Om Nom finds it too boring)?

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers, n and x (1 ≤ n, x ≤ 2000) — the number of sweets Evan has and the initial height of Om Nom's jump.

Each of the following n lines contains three integers ti, hi, mi (0 ≤ ti ≤ 1; 1 ≤ hi, mi ≤ 2000) — the type, height and the mass of the i-th candy. If number ti equals 0, then the current candy is a caramel drop, otherwise it is a fruit drop.

## Output Format
Print a single integer — the maximum number of candies Om Nom can eat.

## Examples
```input
5 3
0 2 4
1 3 1
0 8 3
0 20 10
1 5 5
```
```output
4
```

## Note
One of the possible ways to eat 4 candies is to eat them in the order: 1, 5, 3, 2. Let's assume the following scenario:

1. Initially, the height of Om Nom's jump equals 3. He can reach candies 1 and 2. Let's assume that he eats candy 1. As the mass of this candy equals 4, the height of his jump will rise to 3 + 4 = 7.
2. Now Om Nom can reach candies 2 and 5. Let's assume that he eats candy 5. Then the height of his jump will be 7 + 5 = 12.
3. At this moment, Om Nom can reach two candies, 2 and 3. He won't eat candy 2 as its type matches the type of the previously eaten candy. Om Nom eats candy 3, the height of his jump is 12 + 3 = 15.
4. Om Nom eats candy 2, the height of his jump is 15 + 1 = 16. He cannot reach candy 4.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 5.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Have you ever played Pudding Monsters? In this task, a simplified one-dimensional model of this game is used.

Imagine an infinite checkered stripe, the cells of which are numbered sequentially with integers. Some cells of the strip have monsters, other cells of the strip are empty. All monsters are made of pudding, so if there are two monsters in the neighboring cells, they stick to each other (literally). Similarly, if several monsters are on consecutive cells, they all stick together in one block of monsters. We will call the stuck together monsters a block of monsters. A detached monster, not stuck to anyone else, is also considered a block.

In one move, the player can take any block of monsters and with a movement of his hand throw it to the left or to the right. The selected monsters will slide on until they hit some other monster (or a block of monsters).

For example, if a strip has three monsters in cells 1, 4 and 5, then there are only four possible moves: to send a monster in cell 1 to minus infinity, send the block of monsters in cells 4 and 5 to plus infinity, throw monster 1 to the right (it will stop in cell 3), throw a block of monsters in cells 4 and 5 to the left (they will stop in cells 2 and 3).

Some cells on the strip are marked with stars. These are the special cells. The goal of the game is to make the largest possible number of special cells have monsters on them.

You are given the numbers of the special cells on a strip as well as the initial position of all monsters. What is the maximum number of special cells that will contain monsters in the optimal game?

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 105; 1 ≤ m ≤ 2000) — the number of monsters on the strip and the number of special cells.

The second line contains n distinct integers — the numbers of the cells with monsters, then the third line contains m distinct integers — the numbers of the special cells. It is guaranteed that all the numbers of the cells are positive integers not exceeding 2·105.

## Output Format
Print a single integer — the maximum number of special cells that will contain monsters in the optimal game.

## Examples
```input
3 2
1 3 5
2 4
```
```output
2
```
-----
```input
4 2
1 3 4 6
2 5
```
```output
2
```
-----
```input
4 2
1 8 4 5
7 2
```
```output
1
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 5.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Everyone who has played Cut the Rope knows full well how the gameplay is organized. All levels in the game are divided into boxes. Initially only one box with some levels is available. Player should complete levels to earn stars, collecting stars opens new box with levels.

Imagine that you are playing Cut the Rope for the first time. Currently you have only the levels of the first box (by the way, it is called "Cardboard Box"). Each level is characterized by two integers: ai — how long it takes to complete the level for one star, bi — how long it takes to complete the level for two stars (ai < bi).

You want to open the next box as quickly as possible. So, you need to earn at least w stars. How do make it happen? Note that the level can be passed only once: either for one star or for two. You do not necessarily need to pass all the levels.

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers n and w (1 ≤ n ≤ 3·105; 1 ≤ w ≤ 2n) — the number of levels in the first box and the number of stars you need to open another box. Each of the following n lines contains two integers ai and bi (1 ≤ ai < bi ≤ 109) — the attributes of the i-th level.

## Output Format
In the first line print integer t — the minimum time you need to open the next box.

In the next line, print n digits without spaces — the description of the optimal scenario:

- if you need to pass the i-th level for one star, the i-th digit should equal 1;
- if you need to pass the i-th level for two stars, the i-th digit should equal 2;
- if you do not need to pass the i-th level at all, the i-th digit should equal 0.

## Examples
```input
2 3
1 2
1 2
```
```output
3
12
```
-----
```input
5 3
10 20
5 10
10 20
6 9
25 30
```
```output
14
01020
```

## Note
In the first test sample, answer 21 is also assumed correct.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in c++17.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```cpp
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 7.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Our child likes computer science very much, especially he likes binary trees.

Consider the sequence of n distinct positive integers: c1, c2, ..., cn. The child calls a vertex-weighted rooted binary tree good if and only if for every vertex v, the weight of v is in the set {c1, c2, ..., cn}. Also our child thinks that the weight of a vertex-weighted tree is the sum of all vertices' weights.

Given an integer m, can you for all s (1 ≤ s ≤ m) calculate the number of good vertex-weighted rooted binary trees with weight s? Please, check the samples for better understanding what trees are considered different.

We only want to know the answer modulo 998244353 (7 × 17 × 223 + 1, a prime number).

## Input Format
The first line contains two integers n, m (1 ≤ n ≤ 105; 1 ≤ m ≤ 105). The second line contains n space-separated pairwise distinct integers c1, c2, ..., cn. (1 ≤ ci ≤ 105).

## Output Format
Print m lines, each line containing a single integer. The i-th line must contain the number of good vertex-weighted rooted binary trees whose weight exactly equal to i. Print the answers modulo 998244353 (7 × 17 × 223 + 1, a prime number).

## Examples
```input
2 3
1 2
```
```output
1
3
9
```
-----
```input
3 10
9 4 3
```
```output
0
0
1
1
0
2
4
2
6
15
```
-----
```input
5 10
13 10 6 4 15
```
```output
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
5
```

## Note
In the first example, there are 9 good vertex-weighted rooted binary trees whose weight exactly equal to 3:

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in c++17.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```cpp
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 2.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Gena doesn't like geometry, so he asks you to solve this problem for him.

A rectangle with sides parallel to coordinate axes contains n dots. Let's consider some point of the plane. Let's count the distances from this point to the given n points. Let's sort these numbers in the non-decreasing order. We'll call the beauty of the point the second element of this array. If there are two mimimum elements in this array, the beaty will be equal to this minimum.

Find the maximum beauty of a point inside the given rectangle.

## Input Format
The first line contains three integers w, h, n (1 ≤ w, h ≤ 106, 2 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the lengths of the rectangle sides and the number of points. Next n lines contain two integers xi, yi (0 ≤ xi ≤ w, 0 ≤ yi ≤ h) each — the coordinates of a point. It is possible that it will be coincident points.

## Output Format
Print a single number — the maximum beauty of a point with the absolute or relative error of at most 10 - 9.

## Examples
```input
5 5 4
0 0
5 0
0 5
5 5
```
```output
4.99999999941792339
```
-----
```input
5 5 3
4 0
2 5
4 1
```
```output
5.65685424744772014
```

## Note
The point which beauty we need to find must have coordinates (x, y), where 0 ≤ x ≤ w, 0 ≤ y ≤ h. Some of the n points can coincide.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Twilight Sparkle once got a crystal from the Crystal Mine. A crystal of size n (n is odd; n > 1) is an n × n matrix with a diamond inscribed into it.

You are given an odd integer n. You need to draw a crystal of size n. The diamond cells of the matrix should be represented by character "D". All other cells of the matrix should be represented by character "*". Look at the examples to understand what you need to draw.

## Input Format
The only line contains an integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 101; n is odd).

## Output Format
Output a crystal of size n.

## Examples
```input
3
```
```output
*D*
DDD
*D*
```
-----
```input
5
```
```output
**D**
*DDD*
DDDDD
*DDD*
**D**
```
-----
```input
7
```
```output
***D***
**DDD**
*DDDDD*
DDDDDDD
*DDDDD*
**DDD**
***D***
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
One day, Twilight Sparkle is interested in how to sort a sequence of integers a1, a2, ..., an in non-decreasing order. Being a young unicorn, the only operation she can perform is a unit shift. That is, she can move the last element of the sequence to its beginning:

a1, a2, ..., an → an, a1, a2, ..., an - 1.

Help Twilight Sparkle to calculate: what is the minimum number of operations that she needs to sort the sequence?

## Input Format
The first line contains an integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105). The second line contains n integer numbers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 105).

## Output Format
If it's impossible to sort the sequence output -1. Otherwise output the minimum number of operations Twilight Sparkle needs to sort it.

## Examples
```input
2
2 1
```
```output
1
```
-----
```input
3
1 3 2
```
```output
-1
```
-----
```input
2
1 2
```
```output
0
```

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Sergey is testing a next-generation processor. Instead of bytes the processor works with memory cells consisting of n bits. These bits are numbered from 1 to n. An integer is stored in the cell in the following way: the least significant bit is stored in the first bit of the cell, the next significant bit is stored in the second bit, and so on; the most significant bit is stored in the n-th bit.

Now Sergey wants to test the following instruction: "add 1 to the value of the cell". As a result of the instruction, the integer that is written in the cell must be increased by one; if some of the most significant bits of the resulting number do not fit into the cell, they must be discarded.

Sergey wrote certain values ​​of the bits in the cell and is going to add one to its value. How many bits of the cell will change after the operation?

## Input Format
The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100) — the number of bits in the cell.

The second line contains a string consisting of n characters — the initial state of the cell. The first character denotes the state of the first bit of the cell. The second character denotes the second least significant bit and so on. The last character denotes the state of the most significant bit.

## Output Format
Print a single integer — the number of bits in the cell which change their state after we add 1 to the cell.

## Examples
```input
4
1100
```
```output
3
```
-----
```input
4
1111
```
```output
4
```

## Note
In the first sample the cell ends up with value 0010, in the second sample — with 0000.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in python3.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```python
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
Over time, Alexey's mail box got littered with too many letters. Some of them are read, while others are unread.

Alexey's mail program can either show a list of all letters or show the content of a single letter. As soon as the program shows the content of an unread letter, it becomes read letter (if the program shows the content of a read letter nothing happens). In one click he can do any of the following operations:

- Move from the list of letters to the content of any single letter.
- Return to the list of letters from single letter viewing mode.
- In single letter viewing mode, move to the next or to the previous letter in the list. You cannot move from the first letter to the previous one or from the last letter to the next one.

The program cannot delete the letters from the list or rearrange them.

Alexey wants to read all the unread letters and go watch football. Now he is viewing the list of all letters and for each letter he can see if it is read or unread. What minimum number of operations does Alexey need to perform to read all unread letters?

## Input Format
The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of letters in the mailbox.

The second line contains n space-separated integers (zeros and ones) — the state of the letter list. The i-th number equals either 1, if the i-th number is unread, or 0, if the i-th letter is read.

## Output Format
Print a single number — the minimum number of operations needed to make all the letters read.

## Examples
```input
5
0 1 0 1 0
```
```output
3
```
-----
```input
5
1 1 0 0 1
```
```output
4
```
-----
```input
2
0 0
```
```output
0
```

## Note
In the first sample Alexey needs three operations to cope with the task: open the second letter, move to the third one, move to the fourth one.

In the second sample the action plan: open the first letter, move to the second letter, return to the list, open the fifth letter.

In the third sample all letters are already read.

Now solve the problem and return the code.
You are an expert competitive programmer. You will be given a problem statement, test case constraints and example test inputs and outputs. Please reason step by step about the solution (that must respect memory and time limits), then provide a complete implementation in c++17.

Your solution must read input from standard input (cin), write output to standard output (cout).
Do not include any debug prints or additional output.

Put your final solution within a single code block:
```cpp
<your code here>
```

Execution time limit: 1.0 seconds
Memory limit: 256.0 MB

# Problem
You have a rooted tree consisting of n vertices. Let's number them with integers from 1 to n inclusive. The root of the tree is the vertex 1. For each i > 1 direct parent of the vertex i is pi. We say that vertex i is child for its direct parent pi.

You have initially painted all the vertices with red color. You like to repaint some vertices of the tree. To perform painting you use the function paint that you call with the root of the tree as an argument. Here is the pseudocode of this function:

As a result of this function, some vertices may change their colors to white or black and some of them may remain red.

Your task is to determine the number of distinct possible colorings of the vertices of the tree. We will assume that the coloring is possible if there is a nonzero probability to get this coloring with a single call of paint(1). We assume that the colorings are different if there is a pair of vertices that are painted with different colors in these colorings. Since the required number may be very large, find its remainder of division by 1000000007 (109 + 7).

## Input Format
The first line contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of vertexes in the tree.

The second line contains n - 1 integers p2, p3, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi < i). Number pi is the parent of vertex i.

## Output Format
Print a single integer — the answer to the problem modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7)

## Examples
```input
4
1 2 1
```
```output
8
```
-----
```input
3
1 1
```
```output
5
```

## Note
All possible coloring patterns of the first sample are given below.

Now solve the problem and return the code.