Question: Topoli is an Iranian film, whose script is absed on a novella written by John Steinbeck, and published in what year?
Context: The Pearl is a novella by American author John Steinbeck, first published in 1947.  It is the story of a pearl diver, Kino, and explores man's nature as well as greed, defiance of societal norms, and evil.  Steinbeck's inspiration was a Mexican folk tale from La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, which he had heard in a visit to the formerly pearl-rich region in 1940.  In 1947, it was adapted into a Mexican film named "La perla" and in 1987 into a cult Kannada movie "Ondu Muttina Kathe".  The story is one of Steinbeck's most popular books and has been widely used in high school classes.  "The Pearl" is sometimes considered a parable. To a God Unknown is a novel by John Steinbeck, first published in 1933.  The book was Steinbeck's third novel (after his unsuccessful "Cup of Gold").  Steinbeck found "To a God Unknown" extremely difficult to write; taking him roughly five years to complete , the novella proved more time-consuming than either "East of Eden" or "The Grapes of Wrath", Steinbeck's longest novels. Topoli (in Persian: تپلی, literally: The Fatty) is a 1972 Iranian film directed by Reza Mirlohi.  Morteza Aghili and Homayun play the main characters of the film.  The script is based on the novel "Of Mice and Men" by John Steinbeck.  The film is dedicated to John Steinbeck.  The character of Topoli is loosely based on Lennie Small of "Of Mice and Men" as Essi is the Iranian version of George Milton in the novel. Of Mice and Men is a novella written by author John Steinbeck.  Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States. The John Steinbeck Award: "In The Souls of the People", is an annual award given to an individual that has contributed to society in the spirit of John Steinbeck.  The award is given to artists who capture "the spirit of Steinbeck's empathy, commitment to democratic values, and belief in the dignity of the common man."  The award is presented each year by Steinbecks' eldest son, Thomas, in collaboration with the John Steinbeck Family Foundation, San Jose State University, and The National Steinbeck Center. An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer is a 1969 American short documentary film directed by Donald Wrye, about John Steinbeck.  It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. The Red Pony is a 1949 Technicolor Western drama film based on John Steinbeck's 1937 novella of the same name.  Steinbeck also wrote the screenplay for this film. The Red Pony is an episodic novella written by American writer John Steinbeck in 1933.  The first three chapters were published in magazines from 1933–1936, and the full book was published in 1937 by Covici Friede.  The stories in the book are tales of a boy named Jody Tiflin.  The book has four different stories about Jody and his life on his father's California ranch.  Other main characters include Carl Tiflin – Jody's father; Billy Buck – an expert in horses and a working hand on the ranch; Mrs. Tiflin – Jody's mother; Jody's grandfather – Mrs. Tiflin's father, who has a history of crossing the Oregon Trail, and enjoys telling stories about his experiences; and Gitano – an old man who wishes to die at the Tiflin ranch.  Along with these stories, there is a short story (taken from one of Steinbeck's earlier works, "The Pastures of Heaven") at the end of the book titled "Junius Maltby".  However, this last story is omitted in the edition published by Penguin Books. East of Eden is a novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, published in September 1952.  Often described as Steinbeck's most ambitious novel, "East of Eden" brings to life the intricate details of two families, the Trasks and the Hamiltons, and their interwoven stories.  The novel was originally addressed to Steinbeck's young sons, Thom and John (then 6½ and 4½ years old, respectively).  Steinbeck wanted to describe the Salinas Valley for them in detail: the sights, sounds, smells, and colors. Burning Bright is a 1950 novella by John Steinbeck written as an experiment with producing a play in novel format.  Rather than providing only the dialogue and brief stage directions as would be expected in a play, Steinbeck fleshes out the scenes with details of both the characters and the environment.  The intention was to allow the play to be read by the non-theatrical reader while still allowing the dialogue to be lifted and performed with little adaptation by acting companies.  While Steinbeck could see that providing little information in the way of physical description or stage direction allowed the director and actors greater freedom and scope for imaginative interpretation, he weighed this against the benefit of making the players aware of the author's intent and making the play accessible to the general reader.
Answer: 1937