Question: Battle of Tarawa and Battle of Fredericksburg, were both sustained fights, both fought by which country?
Context: Private Wallace A. Beckwith (February 28, 1843 – November 22, 1929) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War.  Beckwith was awarded the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Fredericksburg, Virginia during the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862.  He was honored with the award on February 15, 1897. Chancellorsville is a historic site and unincorporated community in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, about ten miles west of Fredericksburg.  The name of the locale derives from the mid-19th century inn operated by the family of George Chancellor at the intersection of the Orange Turnpike and Orange Plank Road.  The American Civil War Battle of Chancellorsville occurred there in May 1863, and the Battle of the Wilderness was fought nearby in May 1864.  During the 1863 battle, Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded by friendly fire, dying eight days later on May 10, 1863, from pneumonia. Thomas Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1896 – 1974) was a United States Navy Commander and the 26th Governor of American Samoa for a brief time from January 15, 1936 to January 20, 1936.  During World War II, Fitzpatrick commanded the "USS Zeilin", which landed troops and sustained damage during the Battle of Tarawa. The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside, as part of the American Civil War.  The Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city are remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, with Union casualties more than three times as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates.  A visitor to the battlefield described the battle to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln as a "butchery." The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg of the American Civil War.  Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.  The Union order of battle is listed separately. Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.  It comprises North Tarawa, which has much in common with other, more remote islands of the Gilberts group; and South Tarawa, which is home to 50,182 as of 2010 – half of the country's total population.  The atoll is best known by outsiders as the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II. The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.  Of the major battles of the Civil War, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides.  Although the battle itself was inconclusive, the Union Army's repulse of two Confederate attacks and the subsequent Confederate withdrawal were a much-needed boost to Union morale after the defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg, and it dashed Confederate aspirations for control of Middle Tennessee. The Battle of Tarawa was a battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that was fought on 20–23 November 1943.  It took place at the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts.  Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died in the fighting, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll. The Battle of Kwajalein was fought as part of the Pacific campaign of World War II.  It took place from 31 January-3 February 1944, on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.  Employing the hard-learned lessons of the battle of Tarawa, the United States launched a successful twin assault on the main islands of Kwajalein in the south and Roi-Namur in the north.  The Japanese defenders put up stiff resistance, although outnumbered and under-prepared.  The determined defense of Roi-Namur left only 51 survivors of an original garrison of 3,500. The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville Campaign.  It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville.  Two related battles were fought nearby on May 3 in the vicinity of Fredericksburg.  The campaign pitted Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac against an army less than half its size, General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.  Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory.  The victory, a product of Lee's audacity and Hooker's timid decision making, was tempered by heavy casualties, including Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson.  Jackson was hit by friendly fire, requiring his left arm to be amputated; he died of pneumonia eight days later, a loss that Lee likened to losing his right arm.
Answer: U.S.