Question: The 1969 Libyan coup d'etat was led by a Libyan revolutionary, politician, ad political theorist who governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman from 1969 to what year?
Context: Muammar Gaddafi became the "de facto" leader of Libya on 1 September 1969 after leading a group of young Libyan military officers against King Idris I in a bloodless coup d'état.  After the king had fled the country, the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) headed by Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and the old constitution and established the Libyan Arab Republic, with the motto "freedom, socialism, and unity". The Libyan Revolutionary Command Council was the twelve-person governing body that ruled the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977.  Its chairman was Muammar Gaddafi, who had the most influence. The National Transitional Council of Libya (Arabic: المجلس الوطني الإنتقالي‎ ‎ "al-majlis al-waṭanī al-intiqālī " ), sometimes known as the Transitional National Council, was the "de facto" government of Libya for a period during and after the Libyan Civil War, in which rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi.  The NTC governed Libya for a period of ten months after the end of the war, holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012, and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August. The Government of National Accord (Arabic: حكومة الوفاق الوطني‎ ‎ ) is an interim government for Libya that was formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement, a United Nations-led initiative, signed on 17 December 2015.  The agreement has been unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council which has welcomed the formation of a Presidency Council for Libya and recognized that the Government of National Accord is the sole legitimate executive authority in Libya.  On 31 December 2015, Chairman of the Libyan House of Representatives, Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement.  Ever since, the General National Congress has criticized the unity government on multiple fronts as biased in favor of its rivals, the House of Representatives (Libya). The 1969 Libyan coup d'état, also known as the al-Fateh Revolution or the 1 September Revolution, was a military coup d'état in Libya carried out by the Free Officers Movement, a group of rebel military officers led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, which led to the overthrow of King Idris I. Massoud Abdelhafid was a prominent Libyan General during the government of Muammar Gaddafi.  He held various positions in government following the 1969 coup d'etat of Muammar Gaddafi, including Commander of Military Security, Governor of Southern Libya and Head of Security in Major Cities.  He was a key figure in Libya's relations with neighbouring Chad and Sudan.  Massoud Abdelhafid was a senior commander in the Libyan Army during the Chadian-Libyan conflict.  Known for his leadership of Libyan-backed insurrections and wars in Chad, he was referred to as "Mr Chad". The 1969 Libyan Constitution was brought into force on 11 December 1969 by the Revolutionary Command Council, in the name of the Arab people of the Libyan Arab Republic.  The constitution would remain in force until the adoption of the interim constitution on 3 August 2011. The 2013 Libyan coup d'état attempt was a coup d'état attempt by a group of members of the General National Congress to take control of the country from Libyan Prime Minister Ali Zeidan.  Zeidan was kidnapped in the early hours of the 10 October by armed gunmen and was then released several hours later after a pro-government militia stormed the site where he was being held.  Following his release Zeidan claimed the incident was an attempted coup orchestrated by two militias in line with members of the GNC opposed to Zeidan. Umar Abdullah el-Muhayshi (died 1984) was a Libyan of Circassian origin, an army officer and a member of the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council that ruled Libya after the coup d'état of 1 September 1969. Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi ( ;    ;  1942 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.  He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977, then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.  He was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, but later came to rule under his own Third International Theory.
Answer: 1977