Question: In what year was the chemist from whom Claude Auguste Lamy independently discovered the element thallium born?
Context: Sir William Crookes {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was an English chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry in London, and worked on spectroscopy.  He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube which was made in 1875.  Crookes was the inventor of the Crookes radiometer, which today is made and sold as a novelty item.  Late in life, he became interested in spiritualism, and became the president of the Society for Psychical Research. Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81.  This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature.  When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.  Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production.  Both used the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy, in which thallium produces a notable green spectral line.  Thallium, from Greek "θαλλός" , "thallós" , meaning "a green shoot or twig," was named by Crookes.  It was isolated by both Lamy and Crookes in 1862; Lamy by electrolysis and Crookes by precipitation and melting of the resultant powder.  Crookes exhibited it as a powder precipitated by zinc at the International exhibition which opened on 1 May, that year. Claude Auguste Lamy (] }; 15 June 1820 – 20 March 1878) was a French chemist who discovered the element thallium independently from William Crookes in 1862. Claude Auguste Martin (born October 10, 1930) is a French rower who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics. Messier 47 (Messier Object 47, M47, or NGC 2422) is an open cluster in the constellation Puppis.  It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and independently discovered by Charles Messier on February 19, 1771.  It was later independently discovered again, under the current name NGC 2422. 1112 Polonia, provisional designation 1928 PE, is a main-belt asteroid orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU.  It was discovered by Pelageya Shajn on August 15, 1928, and independently discovered by her colleague Grigory Neujmin, both at Simeiz Observatory in Crimea.  The 36-kilometer in diameter, S-type asteroid was the first to be discovered by a female astronomer. Kurt Starke (1911 in Berlin – 19 January 2000) was a German radiochemist.  During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club.  He independently discovered the transuranic element neptunium.  From 1947 to 1959, he taught and did research in Canada and the United States.  From 1959 until he achieved emeritus status, he was at the German University of Marburg, where he established and became director of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry.  He was also the first dean of the Department of Physical Chemistry of the University of Marburg, which opened in 1971. Claude Auguste Thomassin (1865–1942) was a French bow maker, or "archetier ". Claude Auguste Court (24 September 1793 – January 1880) was a French soldier and mercenary. Richard Gustav Müller (17 July 1903 – 7 July 1999) was a German chemist.  He and Eugene G. Rochow independently discovered the direct process of organosilicon compounds in 1941.  That synthesis, also known as the "Müller-Rochow process" is the copper-catalysed reaction of chloromethane with silicon.  Müller was awarded the National Prize of East Germany in 1952 for his work.
Answer: 1832