Question: Chunkey, is a game of which nationality origin, gambling was frequently connected with the game, the wagering of money or something of value (referred to as "the stakes") on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning money or material goods?
Context: Hustling is the deceptive act of disguising one's skill in a sport or game with the intent of luring someone of probably lesser skill into gambling (or gambling for higher than current stakes) with the hustler, as a form of both a confidence trick and match fixing.  It is most commonly associated with, and originated in, pool (and to an extent other billiards-family games), but also can be performed with regard to other sports and gambling activities.  Hustlers may also engage in "<dfn id="">sharking</dfn> "—distracting, disheartening, enraging, or even threatening their opponents—to throw them off.  Hustlers are thus often called "pool sharks" "(compare "card shark")".  Professional and semi-pro hustlers sometimes work with a "<dfn id="">stakehorse</dfn> "—a person who provides the money for the hustler to bet with (and who may assist in the hustling)—in exchange for a substantial portion of all winnings.  Another form of hustling (often engaged in by the same hustlers who use the skill-disguising technique) is challenging <dfn id=">"marks"</dfn> (swindle targets) to bet on trick shots that seem nearly impossible but at which the hustler is exceptionally skilled. Chunkey (also known as "chunky", "chenco", "tchung-kee" or the "hoop and stick game" ) is a game of Native American origin.  It was played by rolling disc-shaped stones across the ground and throwing spears at them in an attempt to place the spear as close to the stopped stone as possible.  It originated around 600 CE in the Cahokia region of what is now the United States (near modern St. Louis, Missouri).  Chunkey was played in huge arenas as large as 47 acres (19 ha) that housed great audiences designed to bring people of the region together (i.e. Cahokians, farmers, immigrants, and even visitors).  It continued to be played after the fall of the Mississippian culture around 1500 CE.  Variations were played throughout North America.  Early ethnographer James Adair translated the name to mean "running hard labor".  Gambling was frequently connected with the game, with some players wagering everything they owned on the outcome of the game.  Losers were even known to commit suicide. The archaeology of trade and exchange is a sub-discipline of archaeology that identifies how material goods and ideas moved across human populations.  The terms “trade” and “exchange” have slightly different connotations: trade focuses on the long-distance circulation of material goods; exchange considers the transfer of persons and ideas. Gambling is the wagering of money or something of value (referred to as "the stakes") on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning money or material goods.  Gambling thus requires three elements be present: consideration, chance and prize.  The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season. Odds are a numerical expression, usually expressed as a pair of numbers, used in both gambling and statistics.  In statistics, the odds for or odds of some event reflect the likelihood that the event will take place, while odds against reflect the likelihood that it will not.  In gambling, the odds are the ratio of payoff to stake, and do not necessarily reflect exactly the probabilities.  Odds are expressed in several ways (see below), and sometimes the term is used incorrectly to mean simply the probability of an event.  Conventionally, gambling odds are expressed in the form "X to Y", where X and Y are numbers, and it is implied that the odds are odds against the event on which the gambler is considering wagering.  In both gambling and statistics, the 'odds' are a numerical expression of the likelihood of some possible event. In economics and finance, present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation.  The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be more than the future value.  Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, "A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow".  Here, 'worth more' means that its value is greater.  A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day's worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow.  Interest can be compared to rent.  Just as rent is paid to a landlord by a tenant, without the ownership of the asset being transferred, interest is paid to a lender by a borrower who gains access to the money for a time before paying it back.  By letting the borrower have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest.  The initial amount of the borrowed funds (the present value) is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender. Even money is a wagering proposition with even odds - the bettor stands to lose or win the same amount of money.  Beyond gambling, "even money" can mean an event whose occurrence is about as likely to occur as not.  Even money is also known as 50–50. To gamble is to participate in gambling, staking something of value on an event with an uncertain outcome. An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production. Representative money is any medium of exchange that represents something of value, but has little or no value of its own (intrinsic value).  However, unlike fiat money (which may not have anything of value backing it), to be a genuine representative money, there must always be something valuable supporting the face value represented.
Answer: Native American