Question: What is one of the common names of the plant that the Navajo used for fertility control?
Context: Elymus lanceolatus is a species of grass known by the common names thickspike wheatgrass and streamside wheatgrass.  It is native to North America, where it is widespread and abundant in much of Canada and the western and central United States.  There are two subspecies, ssp.  "lanceolatus" occurring throughout the species' range and ssp.  "psammophilus" occurring in the Great Lakes region.  "Elymus lanceolatus" is a perennial, low growing, rhizomatous grass that actively grows in summer and spring.  This plant is native to semiarid regions of the United States"."  "Elymus lanceolatus" is polymorphic, capable of growing in high altitude regions of the Rocky Mountains or at sea level near the Great Lakes in the United States.  The bloom period for "E. lanceolatus" is mid-spring, and it is available commercially".  Elymus lanceolatus" is characterized by its yellow flowers, green or grey leaves, and brown seeds.  According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), it has a moderate harvest regrowth rate.  Wheatgrass is unique in that in can adapt to fine, medium, and coarsely textured soils in the environment.  However, it is shade intolerant, has a medium fertility requirement, and has a medium salinity tolerance.  Studies suggest that amounts of soil needed for wheatgrass harvest can be approximated by understanding the plant’s water depletion rate and rainfall amount in the region, which consequently helps reduce drainage. Lithospermum ruderale is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name western stoneseed or lemonweed.  It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat.  A perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex, it is covered with fine, more or less upright, hairs, especially on the stems.  It produces a cluster of erect leafy stems 20 to 50 centimeters tall.  The stems support lance-shaped leaves up to 8 centimeters long.  Bunches of flowers with leaf-like bracts appear toward the top of the stem amongst the leaves.  The corolla is light yellow, often slightly greenish, and about a centimeter long and wide.  The style is short.  The fruit consists of one or two, sometimes four, clustered glossy grey nutlets, 3.5 to 6, sometimes as much as 8 mm long.  This plant was used as a contraceptive by several Native American groups, including the Navajo and Shoshone.  Studies on mice showed the plant reduced their fertility. The history of birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, refers to the methods or devices that have been historically used to prevent pregnancy.  Planning and provision of birth control is called family planning.  In some times and cultures, abortion had none of the stigma which it has today, making birth control less important; abortion was in practice a means of birth control. Thonningia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Balanophoraceae containing the single species Thonningia sanguinea.  It is distributed throughout much of southern and western Africa, particularly the tropical regions.  Common names for the plant include ground pineapple.  A familiar plant to humans, it has an extremely long list of common names in many African languages.  Many names are inspired by the resemblance of the plant's inflorescence to a pineapple or palm tree.  Some of the names can be translated as pineapple of the bush (from Anyi), duiker's kolanut (from Igala), and crown of the ground (from Yoruba). Dracaena braunii is a species of the genus "Dracaena".  It is also known as "Dracaena sanderiana", after the German–English gardener Henry Frederick Conrad Sander (1847–1920).  Common names include Sander's dracaena, ribbon dracaena, lucky bamboo, curly bamboo, Chinese water bamboo, friendship bamboo, Goddess of Mercy plant, Belgian evergreen, and ribbon plant.  Although the word "bamboo" occurs in several of this plant's common names, "D. braunii" is of an entirely different taxonomic order from true bamboos. Despite several of its common names that suggest it is from China or Belgium, it is a native African species. Euphorbia revoluta is a species of euphorb known by the common name threadstem sandmat.  It is native to Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to the Rocky Mountains.  It is an annual herb producing thin, erect stems with pairs of linear leaves, each leaf up to 2.6 centimeters long.  The inflorescence is a cyathium with rounded nectar glands surrounding one female flower and several male flowers.  There are sometimes white petal-like appendages as well.  The Navajo used this plant as a skin lotion. Nafoxidine (INN) (developmental code names U-11,000A, NSC-70735), or nafoxidine hydrochloride (USAN), is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) or partial antiestrogen of the triphenylethylene group that was developed for the treatment of advanced breast cancer by Upjohn in the 1970s but was never marketed.  It was developed at around the same time as tamoxifen and clomifene, which are also triphenylethylene derivatives.  The drug was originally synthesized by the fertility control program at Upjohn as a postcoital contraceptive, but was subsequently repurposed for the treatment of breast cancer.  Nafoxidine was assessed in clinical trials in the treatment of breast cancer and was found to be effective.  However, it produced side effects including ichthyosis, partial hair loss, and phototoxicity of the skin in almost all patients, and this resulted in the discontinuation of its development. Peptech Limited used to be an Australian biotechnology company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX).  Peptech described its operations as "...an ASX-listed Australian biotechnology company dedicated to developing and providing antibody and peptide-based human therapeutic products for the treatment of diseases in the areas of cancer and inflammation and products for fertility control in animals."   The company changed its name to Arana Therapeutics in November 2007 and was subject of a successful takeover bid by Cephalon at the end of 2009. Pericome caudata is species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name mountain tail-leaf.  It is native to the southwestern United States as far east as Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas, as well as northern Mexico, where it grows in rocky habitat, often in hills and mountains, and sometimes in disturbed areas.  It is a large, branching, leafy perennial herb or subshrub approaching 2 meters in maximum height.  It is glandular, resinous, sparsely hairy, and aromatic.  The leaves are somewhat triangular, sometimes with a few large teeth or sharp lobes, the blade measuring up to 12 centimeters long and borne on a petiole.  The leaf size and shape is variable across the species' range.  The inflorescence is a cluster of many flower heads each under a centimeter wide and filled with golden yellow disc florets.  The Navajo used this plant for a variety of medicinal and ceremonial purposes. Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.  Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century.  Planning, making available, and using birth control is called family planning.  Some cultures limit or discourage access to birth control because they consider it to be morally, religiously, or politically undesirable.
Answer: western stoneseed or lemonweed