Question: What war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front inspired the Manifesto of the 121?
Context: The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution (Arabic: الثورة الجزائرية‎ ‎ "Al-thawra Al-Jazaa'iriyya ";, Berber: ;, French: "Guerre d'Algérie" or "Révolution algérienne ") was a war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: "Front de Libération Nationale" – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France.  An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, and the use of torture by both sides.  The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities .  The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. The Islamic Liberation Front of Patani (Malay: "Barisan Islam Pembebasan Patani" , abbreviated BIPP), until 1986 known as the National Liberation Front of Patani (NLFP; Malay: "Barisan Nasional Pembebasan Patani" , BNPP; also translated as "Patani National Liberation Front" or "National Front for the Liberation of Pattani"; Thai: ขบวนการแนวร่วมปลดแอกแห่งชาติปัตตานี ) is a militant Islamic separatist movement based in northern Malaysia and with a history of operations in the South Thailand insurgency. The Unitary National Liberation Front (, JNOF) or simply the National Liberation Front (sometimes referred to as the People's Liberation Front), was a World War II political organization and Anti-fascism movement during World War II in Yugoslavia. Elements of the French Armed Forces as well as of the opposing Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) made use of torture during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62), creating an ongoing public controversy.  Pierre Vidal-Naquet confessed that there were "hundreds of thousands of instances of torture" by the French military in Algeria.  The Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) were engaged in the use of torture against pro-French and uncommitted members of the Algerian population, to justify the use of torture (by the French). The Jeanson network (French: "Réseau Jeanson" ) was a group of French leftwing militants led by Francis Jeanson who helped Algerian National Liberation Front agents operating in the French metropolitan territory during the Algerian War.  They were mainly involved in carrying money and papers for the Algerians and were sometimes called "the suitcase carriers" ("les porteurs de valises"), a notion from the French resistance movement during World War II.  The famous communist anticolonialist activist Henri Curiel participated in the network, as did the forger Adolfo Kaminsky.  The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and writer Simone de Beauvoir were supportive of the Jeanson network.  Photojournalist and author Dominique Darbois was another intellectual in Jeanson's network. The Paris massacre of 1961 occurred on 17 October 1961, during the Algerian War (1954–62).  Under orders from the head of the Parisian police, Maurice Papon, the French National Police attacked a demonstration of some 30,000 pro-National Liberation Front (FLN) Algerians.  Two months before, the FLN had decided to increase its bombing in France and to resume the campaign against both pro-France Algerians and the rival Algerian nationalist organization, the Algerian National Movement in France.  After 37 years of denial, in 1998 the French government acknowledged 40 deaths, although there are estimates of 100 to 300 victims. The Morice Line was a defensive line that went into effect in September 1957 during the Algerian War.  It was constructed by the French to prevent the rebel guerrillas of the Algerian National Liberation Front, from entering Algeria, then a French colony, from neighboring countries Tunisia and Morocco.  The Line was named after then French Minister of Defence André Morice. The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (Arabic: الحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية‎ ‎ , ح م ج ج ; French: G"ouvernement provisoire de la République Algérienne") was the government-in-exile of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) during the latter part of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62). Portuguese National Liberation Front (in Portuguese: "Frente Portuguesa de Libertação Nacional") was a Portuguese political movement, founded in Rome in 1964 by General Humberto Delgado, following a split from the Patriotic National Liberation Front (with the same acronym - FPLN), founded two years earlier, in December 1962, and based in Algiers.  The short-lived Portuguese National Liberation Front was led by Delgado until his assassination in Spain by the Portuguese political police PIDE in 1965. The Manifesto of the 121 (French: "Manifeste des 121" , full title: "Déclaration sur le droit à l’insoumission dans la guerre d’Algérie" or "Declaration on the right of insubordination in the Algerian War") was an open letter signed by 121 intellectuals and published on 6 September 1960 in the magazine "Vérité-Liberté".  It called on the French government, then headed by the Gaullist Michel Debré, and public opinion to recognise the Algerian War as a legitimate struggle for independence, denouncing the use of torture by the French army, and calling for French conscientious objectors to the conflict to be respected by the authorities.
Answer: The Algerian War