Question: In what year was the author of "The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women" born?
Context: Inspired by the work of Palestinian artists Tawfik Gebreel, Bushra Shanan and Belal Khaled, Jallas manipulates photographs of smoke taken on her phone of airstrikes and bombs in Yemeni cities to create images of hope.  Her work centres images of women, often embracing children or looking happy.  As Jallas explains, "Maybe because I see women as a symbol of compassion".  Through her artwork, Jallas finds an outlet to express her “humanity and absolute optimism...I find that the solution lies in loving each other.  And that’s why I was keen on showcasing, through my artworks, even a sliver of beauty in this war.” An Indian princess (or Native American Princess) is a representation of indigenous women of the Americas .  Often Indian princesses are portrayed as daughters of Tribal chiefs.  Typically, Indian princesses are depicted as cartoons that conform to unnatural standards of beauty.  The most famous and legendized Indian "princess" is Pocahontas.  Neo-feminist scholars have stated that the myth of Pocahontas helps to perpetuate white Eurocentric values because she leaves her tribe and becomes a Christian and this arguably insinuates that Christianity is better than traditional indigenous religion.  Thus, the myth of Pocahontas becomes a method of to promoting Eurocentric values and norms and tool of colonialism. The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm is a feminist essay on women's sexuality, written by Anne Koedt, an American radical feminist, in 1968 and published in 1970.  It first appeared in a four-paragraph outline form in the "Notes from the Second Year" journal published by the New York Radical Women and was partially based on findings from Masters and Johnson's 1966 work "Human Sexual Response".  The "Myth" was then distributed as a pamphlet in its full form, including sections on evidence for the clitoral orgasm, female anatomy, and reasons the "myth" of vaginal orgasm is maintained. Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of World War II, representing the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies.  These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who joined the military.  Rosie the Riveter is used as a symbol of feminism and women's economic power.  Similar images of women war workers appeared in other countries such as Britain and Australia.  Images of women workers were widespread in the media as government posters, and commercial advertising was heavily used by the government to encourage women to volunteer for wartime service in factories.  "Rosie the Riveter" became the subject and title of a song and a Hollywood movie during WWII. John Thompson (17 Mar 1938 – 26 Apr 1976) was an English-born, Canadian poet, translator and university professor.  He is noted for his mastery of poetic forms, which he used to express the intensity and power of images in spare and precise language evoking beauty and wonder, anguish and despair.  Thompson's second and best-known book, "Stilt Jack", a collection of 38 ghazals published after his death, records his poetic journeys through darkness in an uncertain quest for the light.  His first collection, "At the Edge of the Chopping there are no Secrets" published in 1973, conveys vivid images of natural cycles of death and rebirth in the wooded and marshy landscapes of southeastern New Brunswick where an apple tree in late summer is seen as a cauldron of leaves, a charred dancer and a head of burnt hair.  Thompson has been described as one of 20th century Canada's most influential poets. Bormus (Greek: Βῶρμος ) or Borimus (Βώριμος), in a Greek myth of North Anatolian origin, was a Mariandynian, son of a rich and illustrious man named Upius or Titias or Tityos, and was distinguished for his extraordinary beauty.  Once during the time of harvest, when he went to a well to fetch water for the reapers, he was drawn into the well by the nymphs, and never appeared again.  For this reason, the country people in Bithynia celebrated his memory every year at the time of harvest with plaintive songs (bormoi) with the accompaniment of their flutes.  The harvest-song for Phrygian Lityerses was, according to one tradition, a comic version of the lament sung by the Mariandyni for Bormos.  The myth of him is parallel to, and is connected with the same location as that of Hylas. Marjorie Stewart Joyner (October 24, 1896 – December 27, 1994) was an American businesswoman.  She was born in 1896, in Monterey, Virginia.  In 1912, she moved to Chicago and began studying cosmetology.  She graduated A.B. Molar Beauty School in Chicago in 1916, the first African American to achieve this.  There she met Madam C. J. Walker, an African American beauty entrepreneur, and the owner of a cosmetic empire.  Always a lover of women's cosmetics, Joyner went to work for her and oversaw 200 of Madame Walker's beauty schools as the national adviser.  A major role was sending Walker's hair stylists door-to-door, dressed in black skirts and white blouses with black satchels containing a range of beauty products that were applied in the customer's house.  Joyner taught some 15,000 stylists over her fifty-year career.  She was also a leader in developing new products, such as her permanent wave machine.  She helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of Illinois, and founded a sorority and fraternity, Alpha Chi Pi Omega on October 27, 1945 as well as a national association for black beauticians.  Joyner was friends with Eleanor Roosevelt, and helped found the National Council of Negro Women.  She was an advisor to the Democratic National Committee in the 1940s, and advised several New Deal agencies trying to reach out to black women.  Joyner was highly visible in the Chicago black community, as head of the "Chicago Defender" Charity network, and fundraiser for various schools.  In 1987 the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyner's permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women is a nonfiction book by Naomi Wolf, published in 1990 by Chatto & Windus.  It was republished in 2002 by HarperPerennial with a new introduction. Joan Faber McAlister is a well-known contributor to women's studies in communication with research primarily focusing on how images and space communicate messages in public culture through perceptions of beauty and critical theory.  McAlister received a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa, a M.A. in communication for Boise State University, and a B.A. in anthropology from Boise State University.  She is currently an associate professor of communication at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa.  McAlister was also the editor of "Women's Studies in Communication", an international academic journal founded by the Organization for Research on Women and Communication. Naomi R. Wolf (born November 12, 1962) is a liberal progressive American author, journalist, feminist, and former political advisor to Al Gore and Bill Clinton.
Answer: 1962