Question: Knut Norheim Kjaer was the first manager of a pension fund owned by who?
Context: The Government Pension Fund of Norway comprises two entirely separate sovereign wealth funds owned by the government of Norway. The National Social Security Fund (NSSF) is the government agency responsible for the collection, safekeeping, responsible investment, and distribution of retirement funds of all employees in all sectors of the Tanzania economy that do not fall under the governmental pension schemes.  There are two other pension fund organizations in the country: the Public Service Pensions Fund for all employees working directly under the government and the Parastatal Pension Fund for all employees working under governmental parastatals.  The NSSF was founded in 1997 as the successor to the defunct National Provident Fund (NPF).  NSSF covers all other employers in the country and participation for both employers and employees is compulsory.  NSSF is both a pension fund and a provident fund. Knut Norheim Kjær (born 14 April 1956) is a Norwegian economist.  He was the first manager of the Government Pension Fund of Norway, from 1997 to 2008.  In 2008 Yngve Slyngstad became CEO of the fund. Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (Russian: Пенсионный фонд Российской Федерации ) is the principal national pension fund in Russia.  It is the largest organization of Russia to provide socially important public services to Russian citizens.  Founded December 22, 1990 decision of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR № 442-1 "On the organization of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation".  The fund has branches across all Federal Subjects of Russia.  The labor collective FIU - is more than 133 thousand social workers. AFP Provida or Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones Provida ("English: Pension Fund Administrator Provida") is the pension fund manager leader in the Chilean Pension Fund. Provident fund is a term for pension fund.  It provides employee with lumpsum payment at the time of exit from the organisation so it differs from pension fund which have both elements of lumpsum as well monthly pension payments.As far differences from Gratuity fund is concerned although both involve lumpsum payment at employee exit from the organisation but one is defined contribution fund while other is Defined benefit fund respectively​. Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP ("National Civil Pension Fund"), frequently referred to as ABP, is the pension fund for government and education employees in the Netherlands.  For the quarter ended 31 December 2014, ABP had 2.8 million participants and assets under management of €344 billion ($388 billion, 1 EUR=1.13 USD), making it the largest pension fund in the Netherlands and among the five largest pension funds in the world as at September 2016. HDFC Pension (HDFC Pension Management Company Limited) is a wholly owned subsidiary of HDFC Life.  It has been appointed by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) as a fund manager for as a part of the architecture of National Pension Scheme.  HDFC Pension has long term investment philosophy that has been derived from our strong parentage that has a strong presence in the industry.  With experienced portfolio managers on board, HDFC Pension is committed to giving the most fulfilling and rewarding investment experience in pension administration and management. The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) is a pension regulator which was established by Government of India on August 23, 2003.  PFRDA is authorized by Ministry of Finance, Department of Financial Services.  PFRDA promotes old age income security by establishing, developing and regulating pension funds and protects the interests of subscribers to schemes of pension funds and related matters.  PFRDA is responsible for appointment of various intermediate agencies such as Central Record Keeping Agency (CRA), Pension Fund Managers, Custodian, NPS Trustee Bank, etc. The Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) is one of the largest public sector pension schemes in the United Kingdom, with 4.6 million members.  Administration is carried out through 99 regional pension funds such as Greater Manchester Pension Fund and West Midlands Pension Fund.
Answer: the government of Norway