Question: The Lacnunga ('Remedies') is a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon medical texts and prayers, written mainly in Old English and Latin, it is found, following other medical texts, in London, British Library Manuscript Harley of which year , many of its herbal remedies are also found, in variant form, in "Bald's Leechbook", an Old English medical text probably compiled in the ninth-century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms?
Context: Bald's Leechbook (also known as Medicinale Anglicum) is an Old English medical text probably compiled in the ninth-century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms. The Book of Cerne (Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, MS Ll.  1.  10) is an early ninth-century Insular or Anglo-Saxon Latin personal prayer book with Old English components.  It belongs to a group of four such early prayer books, the others being the Royal Prayerbook, the Harleian prayerbook, and the Book of Nunnaminster.  It is now commonly believed to have been produced sometime between ca. 820 and 840 CE in the Southumbrian/Mercian region of England.  The original book contains a collection of several different texts, including New Testament Gospel excerpts, a selection of prayers and hymns with a version of the "Lorica of Laidcenn", an abbreviated or "Breviate Psalter", and a text of the "Harrowing of Hell" liturgical drama, which were combined together to provide a source used for private devotion and contemplation.  Based on stylistic and palaeographical features, the Book of Cerne has been included within the Canterbury or Tiberius group of manuscripts that were manufactured in southern England in the 8th and 9th centuries CE associated with the Mercian hegemony in Anglo-Saxon England.  This Anglo-Saxon manuscript is considered to be the most sophisticated and elaborate of this group.  The Book of Cerne exhibits various Irish/Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Continental, and Mediterranean influences in its texts, ornamentation, and embellishment. Wið færstice is an Old English medical text surviving in the collection known now as "Lacnunga".  "Wið færstice" means 'against a sudden/violent stabbing pain'; and according to Grendon, a famous scholar who has published a collection of Anglo-Saxon charms, says, “the charm is intended to cure a sudden twinge or stitch, possibly rheumatism that can be due to being shot by witches, elves, and other spirits that fly through the air.”  Scholars have often sought to identify this as rheumatism, but other possibilities should not be excluded.  The remedy describes how to make a salve, but its main interest lies in the unique charm which follows.  This describes how the "færstice" has been caused by the projectiles of 'mighty women' ("ða mihtigan wif"), whom the healer will combat.  The charm also mentions elves, believed responsible for elfshot, and provides the only attestation outside personal names of the Old English form of the name of the Old Norse gods, the Æsir. The so-called charm for delayed birth is an Old English poetic medical text found in the manuscript London, British Library, Harley 585, ff.  185r-v, in a collection of medical texts known since the nineteenth century as "Lacnunga" (‘remedies’).  The manuscript was probably copied in the early eleventh century, though its sources may have been older. The Lacnunga ('Remedies') is a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon medical texts and prayers, written mainly in Old English and Latin.  The title "Lacnunga", an Old English word meaning 'remedies', is not in the manuscript: it was given to the collection by its first editor, Oswald Cockayne, in the nineteenth century.  It is found, following other medical texts, in London, British Library Manuscript Harley 585, a codex probably compiled in England in the late tenth or early eleventh century.  Many of its herbal remedies are also found, in variant form, in "Bald's Leechbook", another Anglo-Saxon medical compendium. Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt.  The papyri give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical spells.  It is thought there were more medical papyri, but many have been lost due to grave robbing.  The largest study of the medical papyri to date has been undertaken by Berlin University and was titled "Medizin der alten Ägypter" ("Medicine of ancient Egypt"). Heo Jun (허준, 1537? /1539 – 9 October 1615) was a court physician of the Yangcheon Heo clan during the reign of King Seonjo of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea.  He was appointed as a court physician at the age of 29.  He wrote a number of medical texts, but his most significant achievement is "Dongui Bogam" (lit.  "Mirror of Eastern Medicine"), which is often noted as the defining text of traditional Korean medicine.  The work spread to East Asian countries like China, Japan, and Vietnam where it is still regarded as one of the classics of Oriental medicine today.  Although Heo Jun worked extensively with the royal family, he put a great emphasis on making treatment methods accessible and comprehensible to common people.  He found natural herb remedies that were easily attainable by commoners in Korea.  Furthermore, he wrote the names of the herbs using the simple "hangul" letters instead of using more difficult "hanja" (Chinese characters), which most commoners did not understand. Anglo-Saxon metrical charms were sets of instructions generally written to magically resolve a situation or disease.  Usually, these charms involve some sort of physical action, including making a medical potion, repeating a certain set of words, or writing a specific set of words on an object.  These Anglo-Saxon charms tell a great deal about medieval medical theory and practice.  Although most medical texts found from the pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon period are translations of Classical texts in Latin, these charms were originally written in Old English.  Through these metrical charms, we can more easily understand the religious beliefs and practices that pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon England had; we can also see how the people of that time saw and understood sickness and health. On the Resting-Places of the Saints is a heading given to two early medieval pieces of writing, also known as Þá hálgan and the Secgan, which exist in various manuscript forms in both Old English and Latin, the earliest surviving manuscripts of which date to the mid-11th century.  "Secgan" is so named from its Old English incipit, "Secgan be þam Godes sanctum þe on Engla lande aerost reston" "Tale of God's saints who first rested in England"), and is a list of fifty places which had shrines and remains of Anglo-Saxon saints. " Þá hálgan" (pronounced thar halgan) is a version of the so-called Kentish Royal Legend (Its incipit "Her cyð ymbe þa halgan þe on Angelcynne restað" "Here [follows] a relation on the saints who rest in the English nation") is a heading which appears to be for both texts, as the Kentish legend, which comes first, is actually an account of how various members of the royal family of Kent, descendents of Aethelbert, founded monasteries and came to be regarded as saints.  As such it is closer to other hagiographical texts than to the list of burial sites that follows it.  The texts describe people living from the 7th to 10th centuries, and they exist in both Old English and Latin versions, but both have their earliest known manuscripts dating from the 11th century. An elf (plural: "elves") is a type of human-shaped supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore.  Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends almost entirely on texts in Old English or relating to Norse mythology.  Later evidence for elves appears in diverse sources such as medical texts, prayers, ballads, and folktales.
Answer: 585