Question: Which owner of Chartwell led Britain to victory during World War II?
Context: Chartwell is a country house near the town of Westerham, Kent in South East England.  For over forty years it was the home of Winston Churchill.  He bought the property in September 1922 and lived there until shortly before his death in January 1965.  In the 1930s, when Churchill was excluded from political office, Chartwell became the centre of his world.  At his dining table, he gathered those who could assist his campaign against German re-armament and the British government's response of appeasement; in his study, he composed speeches and wrote books; in his garden, he built walls, constructed lakes and painted.  During the Second World War Chartwell was largely unused, the Churchills returning after he lost the 1945 election.  In 1953, when again Prime Minister, the house became Churchill's refuge when he suffered a devastating stroke.  In October 1964, he left for the last time, dying at his London home, 28, Hyde Park Gate, on 24 January 1965. The SS "Bluefield Victory" was the 16th Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on May 9, 1944, and completed on June 30, 1944.  The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 15 (V-15).  SS "Bluefield Victory" served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and was operated by the Mississippi Shipping Company.  The 10,500-ton Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II.  Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war.  The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure, and had a long raised forecastle. The SS "Chanute Victory" was a Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on January 19, 1945 and completed on February 20, 1945.  The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 79 (V44).  SS "Chanute Victory" served as Troop ship in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during World War II.  She was operated by the American-Hawaiian SS Company.  Just before the end of the war, the "Chanute Victory"'s Captain Larz Neilson steamed out of New York City to take new troops to Europe.  But, three day out she was told to turn around and go home, back up the East River, as the war was nearing an end in Europe.  She served as a troop ship again, but as part of Operation Magic Carpet to bring troops home.  SS "Chanute Victory" and 96 other Victory ships were converted to troop ships to bring the US soldiers home at the end of World War II.  Some of her noted trips: "Chanute Victory" returned 1,403 Army veterans to San Francisco from Yokohama, Japan on Jan. 24, 1946.  On May 17, 1946 she arrived in New York City returning Army veterans to the States.  December 1946 she sailed from Piraeus, Greece to Genoa, Italy, then to Lisbon, Portugal picking up troops and returning them to New York.  "Chanute Victory", returned 1061 troops from Bremen, Germany on June 25, 1946 .  In December 1945 she returned troop home from Le Havre, France. The SS "U.S.S.R. Victory" was the third Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on February 26, 1944 and completed on April 26, 1944.  The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 3 (V-3).  SS "U.S.S.R. Victory" served in the Atlantic Ocean during World War II.  SS "U.S.S.R. Victory" was one of the new 10,500-ton class ship to be known as Victory ships.  Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II.  Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war.  The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle. SS "Colby Victory" was the 84th Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on January 27, 1945, and completed on March 12, 1945.  The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number V50, built in 83 days.  SS "Colby Victory" served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II.  The 10,500-ton Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II.  Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve after the war.  The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle. Arthur Neville Chamberlain, ( ; 18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.  Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany.  However, when Adolf Hitler later invaded Poland, the UK declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II. SS "Red Oak Victory" is a U.S. military Victory ship of the "Boulder Victory"-class cargo ship used in the Second World War.  She was preserved to serve as a museum ship in Richmond, California, and is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park.  She was one of 534 Victories built during World War II, but one of only a few of these ships to be transferred from the Merchant Marine to the United States Navy.  She was named after Red Oak, Iowa, which suffered a disproportionate number of casualties in early World War II battles.  (Montgomery County ranked third among Iowa counties in World War II casualties per capita).  The ship was active during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The "SS China Victory" was a Victory ship built during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on January 26, 1944, and completed on April 1, 1944.  The ship's United States Maritime Commission designation was 'VC2- S- AP3, hull number 1'.  She was operated by the Matson Navigation Company of Hawaii.  SS "China Victory" served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II.  The 10,500-ton Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II compared to Victory ships, which were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war.  Victory ships differed from Liberty ships in that they were faster, longer and wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure, and had a long raised forecastle. The SS "Philippines Victory" was the fifth Victory ship built during World War II.  She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on March 11, 1944 and completed on May 9, 1944.  She was built in 113 days under the Emergency Shipbuilding program.  The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 5 (V-5).  SS "Philippines Victory" served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II.  SS "Philippines Victory" was one of the new 10,500-ton class ship to be known as Victory ships.  Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for World War II.  Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war.  The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer, and writer.  He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.  As a Member of Parliament (MP), he represented five constituencies over the course of his career.  As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory during World War II.  He led the Conservative Party for fifteen years from 1940 to 1955.
Answer: Winston Churchill