Question: Lumpy skin disease, which affects the African buffalo, is caused by which virus?
Context: Rainscald (also known as "dermatophilosis", "rain rot" and "streptothricosis") is a common skin disease in horses that is caused by the bacterium "Dermatophilus congolensis".  This is the same organism that causes Mud fever in horses.  This disease is very common in cows, sheep and goats and is also found occasionally in cats, dogs, and humans.  D. congolensis is a gram-positive bacterium that is thought to originate from the soil.  It commonly causes disease in moist tropical areas, but can also be found in wet northern environments.  Moisture and high temperatures facilitate the dispersal and penetration of zoospores into the skin, contributing to the spread of the disease. Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.  It is characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring.  It primarily affects areas of the skin with a relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of the chest, and back.  The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem and, in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide. Flea allergy dermatitis, FAD, is an eczematous itchy skin disease of dogs and cats.  For both of these domestic species, flea allergy dermatitis is the most common cause of skin disease.  Affected animals develop allergic reactions to chemicals in flea saliva.  Symptoms of this reaction include erythema (redness), papules (bumps), pustules (pus-filled bumps), crusts (scabs) also if severe, hair loss will occur in affected area.  Dogs with flea allergy dermatitis often show hair loss and eczematous skin rash on the lower back, upper tail, neck and down the back of the legs.  Cats with flea allergy dermatitis may develop a variety of skin problems, including feline eosinophilic granuloma, miliary dermatitis or self-inflicted alopecia from excessive grooming. The African buffalo or Cape buffalo ("Syncerus caffer") is a large African bovine.  It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild water buffalo of Asia and its ancestry remains unclear.  "Syncerus caffer caffer", the Cape buffalo, is the typical subspecies, and the largest one, found in South and East Africa.  "S. c. nanus" (African forest buffalo) is the smallest subspecies, common in forest areas of Central and West Africa, while "S. c. brachyceros" is in West Africa and "S. c. aequinoctialis" is in the savannas of East Africa.  The adult buffalo's horns are its characteristic feature; they have fused bases, forming a continuous bone shield across the top of the head referred to as a "boss".  They are widely regarded as very dangerous animals, as they gore and kill over 200 people every year. Chicken anaemia virus, or CAV, is a member of the circoviridae family which is found worldwide.  The virus only affects chickens. CAV is a non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA virus, which causes bone marrow atrophy, anaemia, and severe immunosuppression.  Clinical signs of CAV infection are predominantly found in young chicks due to vertical transmission from the breeder hens whose maternal antibodies have not yet formed following exposure.  Clinical disease is rare today because of the widespread practice of vaccinating breeders, but the subclinical form of the disease - which normally affects birds more than two weeks of age following horizontal transmission of the virus via the oro-faecal route - is ubiquitous.  The virus is very resistant in the environment, making elimination very difficult. Lumpy skin disease is a disease caused by a virus of the family "Poxviridae", also known as Neethling virus.  It mainly affects cattle and zebus, but has also been seen in giraffes, African buffalo, and impalas. Lumpy skin disease was first seen as an epidemic in Zambia in 1929, and since then has affected cattle throughout Africa, including the countries South Africa, Egypt, and Sudan, and in 1989 an outbreak was confirmed in Israel.  In April 2016 Bulgaria contacted the World Food Organisation for assistance in dealing with an epidemic.  It is spread by biting insects. Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus that occurs worldwide on species of field grown bell, hot and ornamental pepper species.  It is caused by members of the plant virus genus "Tobamovirus"- otherwise known as the Tobacco mosaic virus family.  "Tobamovirus" are viruses that contain positive sense RNA genomes that infect plants.  Symptoms of the disease vary depending on the cultivar.  Typical symptoms include the chlorosis of leaves, stunting, and distorted and lumpy fruiting structures.  The virus is spread by mechanical transmission and infected seeds.  Avoidance is the best means of controlling the disease because once a plant is infected it cannot be treated.  Only seeds that have been tested and treated for the pathogen should be planted. Variola caprina (Goat Pox) is a contagious viral disease caused by a pox virus that affects goats.  The virus usually spreads via the respiratory system, and sometimes spreads through abraded skin.  It is most likely to occur in crowded stock.  Sources of the virus include cutaneous lesions, saliva, nasal secretions and faeces.  There are two types of the disease; the papulo-vesicular form and nodular form (stone pox).  The incubation period is usually between 8–13 days, but it may be as short as 4 days. Capripoxvirus is a genus of viruses in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and the family Poxviridae.  Capripoxviruses are among the most serious of all animal poxviruses.  Sheep, goat, and cattle serve as natural hosts.  These viruses cause negative economic consequences by damaging hides and wool and forcing the establishment of trade restrictions in response to an outbreak.  The genus consists of three species: the type species: sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV).  They share no serological relationship with camel pox, horse pox, or avian poxes.  Capripoxviruses for sheeppox and goatpox infect only sheep and goat respectively.  However, it is probable that North American relatives, the mountain goat and mountain sheep, may be susceptible to the strains but has not been experimentally proven.  Lumpy skin disease virus affects primarily cattle, but studies have been shown that giraffes and impala are also susceptible to LSDV.  Humans cannot be infected by Capripoxviruses. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes refer to the genetic variations that occurs in the hepatitis C virus.  Hepatitis C is a contagious disease that primarily affects the liver, causing severe damage as the disease progresses.  It is caused by the Hepatitis C virus, a small, enveloped RNA virus.  The transmission of hepatitis C is through the contact with the blood of the infected person,for example by sharing the needles or by using non-sterile medical equipment.  HCV is transmitted globally because of the high infection rate and is also associated with a high mortality rate.  The World Health Organisation indicates the 3.3% of the world population is infected by the HCV virus.  Statistical records show that there are about 13 million HCV affected persons in china, 3.5 million affected persons in the United States, and about 10 million people are affected by HCV in Pakistan.  In all cases, the viral genotype of the HCV stays the same, occasionally mutations do occur making the treatment more complex by targeting the changes in the genotype.  Hepatitis C virus genotype is considered more common than the Hepatitis B virus infection contributing to more than a million cases annually and is considered one of the major reason for liver transplantation in United states.  Some of the HCV genotypes may develop in people without symptoms leading to dangerous conditions like liver cirrhosis causing a permanent damage to liver and the unnoticed HCV conditions will affect brain, joints, blood vessels, bones, and kidneys.
Answer: Neethling virus.