Question: Symphony No. 8 was commissioned by what symphony orchestra in the Netherlands
Context: The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: "Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest" , ] ) is a symphony orchestra in the Netherlands, based at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall).  In 1988, Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" title upon the orchestra.  It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. Purple Rhapsody is a viola concerto by the American composer Joan Tower.  The work was jointly commissioned by the Omaha Symphony Orchestra with the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, the Virginia Symphony Orchestra, the Kansas City Symphony, the ProMusica Chamber Orchestra, Peninsula Music Festival Orchestra, and the Chautauqua Symphony Orchestra with a grant from the Serge Koussevitzky Music Foundation in the Library of Congress.  It was first performed on November 4, 2005, by the Omaha Symphony Orchestra and the violist Paul Neubauer, to whom the piece is dedicated. Adam Schoenberg (born November 15, 1980) is one of the most performed living American composers.  A member of the Atlanta School of Composers, his works have been performed by the Amarillo Symphony, Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, Charleston Symphony Orchestra, Charlotte Symphony Orchestra, The Cleveland Orchestra, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, The Florida Orchestra, Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra, Grand Rapids Symphony, Jacksonville Symphony, Kansas City Symphony, Knoxville Symphony Orchestra, Lake Forest Symphony Orchestra, Lexington Philharmonic, Los Angeles Philharmonic, National Symphony Orchestra, New West Symphony, New World Symphony (orchestra), New York Philharmonic, Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, Pacific Symphony, Phoenix Symphony, Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, San Diego Symphony, South Carolina Philharmonic, Tallahassee Symphony Orchestra, Waterloo-Cedar Falls Symphony, among other ensembles.  Schoenberg was the 2010-2012 guest composer for the Aspen Music Festival, the 2012-2013 composer-in-residence for the Kansas City Symphony, the 2013-2014 composer-in-residence for the Lexington Philharmonic, and the 2015-2017 composer-in-residence for the Fort Worth Symphony.  Schoenberg's honors include a 2009 and 2010 MacDowell Colony fellowship, the 2007 Morton Gould Young Composer Award from ASCAP, and the 2006 Charles Ives Prize from the American Academy of Arts & Letters. Jeffrey Ryan (born 1962 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian composer.  His compositional style ranges from opera, art song, and choral music to chamber ensemble and orchestral works.  Ryan has been commissioned by the Cleveland Orchestra, the Windsor Symphony, Esprit Orchestra, Tapestry New Opera Works, the Arditti Quartet, and Elektra Women's Choir.  Repeat performances have been presented by such ensembles as the Montreal Symphony Orchestra (Orchestre symphonique de Montréal), the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra, the Victoria Symphony, the Canadian Chamber Choir, the Florida Orchestra, and the South Dakota Symphony Orchestra, as well as numerous art song teams and chamber ensembles. Jimmy López (born 21 October 1978) is a classical music composer from Lima, Peru and is considered "one of the most interesting young composers anywhere today" He has won several international awards and pieces composed by him have been performed by leading orchestras around the world such as the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra of Peru, Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Symphony Orchestra and Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France.  His works have been performed in prestigious venues such as Carnegie Hall, Sydney Opera House, Gewandhaus Leipzig, and during the 2010 Youth Olympic games in Singapore.  His music has been featured in numerous festivals, including Tanglewood Music Festival, Aspen Music Festival, Grant Park Music Festival, Darmstadt International Course for New Music, and Donaueschingen Music Festival. The Symphony No. 8 "Autumnal Fragments", Op. 81, is the eighth symphony by the Finnish composer Aulis Sallinen.  The work was commissioned by the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and was completed in October 2001.  Its world premiere was given by the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Paavo Järvi at the Concertgebouw on April 16, 2004. David Sampson (born January 26, 1951, Charlottesville, Virginia) is a composer and professional trumpet player.  He was Composer-in-Residence with the Colonial Symphony Orchestra from 1998 through 2007.  He is a recipient a 2014 New Jersey State Council on the Arts Individual Artist Fellowship.  His major works include The War Prayer for soloists, chorus and orchestra commissioned by the National Endowment for the Arts and premiered by Princeton Pro Musica; Hommage JFK commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra; Monument commissioned by the Barlow Foundation for the Akron and Memphis symphony orchestras; Turns for Cello and Orchestra commissioned by the Bergen Foundation and cellist Paul Tobias and premiered with the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra; Triptych for trumpet and orchestra commissioned by the International Trumpet Guild and premiered by Raymond Mase at the Aspen Music Festival and with the American Composers Orchestra at Carnegie Hall; Dectet commissioned by the Chicago Chamber Musicians; Elements commissioned by the Elements Quartet; Strata commissioned by the NEA and the American Brass Quintet; Jersey Rain commissioned by the NEA and the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation and premiered by Harmonium and Masterworks Choruses and the Colonial Symphony. Lowell Liebermann’s Symphony No. 2, Op. 67 (1999) is a symphony for large orchestra and SATB chorus, with texts adapted from the poetry of Walt Whitman.  It is about 40 minutes long, and arranged into four movements to be played without a break.  It was commissioned by Ford Lacy and Cece Smith for the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and Chorus’ centennial celebration.  The work was premiered in 2000, with Andrew Litton conducting the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and Chorus.  The Second Symphony was very favorably received at its premiere, with TIME describing it as, “Now brazen and glittering, now radiantly visionary...the work of a composer unafraid of grand gestures and openhearted lyricism.”  However, the symphony has since received harsh criticism due to its exceptionally free embrace of tonality and its distinctly optimistic outlook.  Scott Cantrell in particular has denounced the Second Symphony as "foolhardy" in the "cynical" environment of today.  The Second Symphony was recorded in 2000 on the Delos International label with Andrew Litton conducting the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. The Netherlands Symphony Orchestra (Dutch: "Nederlands Symfonieorkest") is a Dutch symphony orchestra.  The home of the orchestra is the Muziekcentrum in Enschede.  The orchestra was previously known in Dutch as Orkest van het Oosten (literal translation "Orchestra of the East"), but in October 2011 changed its Dutch name to align with the English name.  At the same time the Dutch abbreviation "OvhO" was replaced with "NedSym."  Due to objections from the Amsterdam-based Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra, the Enschede orchestra had to change its name again and is since 2014 called HET Symfonieorkest ("THE Symphony orchestra").  Internationally it keeps employing the name "Netherlands Symphony Orchestra". The Double Concerto for Violin, Violoncello, and Orchestra is a 2014 composition by the German-American composer André Previn.  The work was co-commissioned by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and Linton Music with financial support from Ann and Harry Santen.  It was additionally commissioned by the Austin Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, the Kansas City Symphony, the Pacific Symphony, the Swedish Chamber Orchestra, and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.  The world premiere was given by the husband/wife duo of the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Louis Langrée in Cincinnati on November 21, 2014.  The concerto is dedicated to Jaime Laredo and Sharon Robinson.
Answer: Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra