Question: Which Irish National politician campaigned for home rule in Ireland?
Context: The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party or the Home Rule Confederation, was a political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Ulster Volunteers was a unionist militia founded in 1912 to block domestic self-government (or Home Rule) for Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom.  The Ulster Volunteers were based in the northern province of Ulster.  Many Ulster Protestants feared being governed by a Catholic-majority parliament in Dublin and losing their local supremacy and strong links with Britain.  In 1913, the militias were organised into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and vowed to resist any attempts by the British Government to 'impose' Home Rule on Ulster.  Later that year, Irish nationalists formed a rival militia, the Irish Volunteers, to safeguard Home Rule.  In April 1914, the UVF smuggled 25,000 rifles into Ulster.  The Home Rule Crisis was halted by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914.  Many UVF members enlisted with the British Army's 36th (Ulster) Division and went to fight on the Western Front. The Home Rule Crisis was a political and military crisis in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that followed the introduction of the Third Home Rule Bill in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1912.  Ulster unionists, determined to prevent any measure of home rule for Ireland, formed a paramilitary force, the Ulster Volunteers, which threatened to resist by physical force the implementation of the Act and the authority of any Dublin Parliament by force of arms.  Irish nationalists responded by setting up the Irish Volunteers "to secure the rights and liberties common to all the people of Ireland".  Both sides then began importing weapons and ammunition from Germany, in the Larne gun-running and Howth gun-running incidents.  HM Government's ability to face down unionist defiance was thrown into question by the "Curragh incident", when dozens of British Army officers tendered their resignation rather than secure arms against Ulster loyalist seizure, forcing a climb-down by the government.  The crisis was temporarily averted by the outbreak of World War I.  The Home Rule Bill was enacted, but its implementation was suspended for the duration of the war. The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918.  Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform.  Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills. The Government of Ireland Bill 1886, commonly known as the First Home Rule Bill, was the first major attempt made by a British government to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  It was introduced in 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone to create a devolved assembly for Ireland which would govern Ireland in specified areas.  The Irish Parliamentary Party under Charles Stewart Parnell had been campaigning for home rule for Ireland since the 1870s. Charles Stewart Parnell (Irish: "Cathal Stiúbhard Parnell" ; 27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician and one of the most powerful figures in the British House of Commons in the 1880s. The Government of Ireland Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo.  5 c. 90), also known as the Home Rule Act, and before enactment as the Third Home Rule Bill, was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to provide home rule (self-government within the United Kingdom) for Ireland.  It was the third such bill introduced by a Liberal government in a 28-year period in response to the Irish Home Rule movement. The Irish National League (INL) was a nationalist political party in Ireland.  It was founded on 17 October 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell as the successor to the Irish National Land League after this was suppressed.  Whereas the Land League had agitated for land reform, the National League also campaigned for self-government or Irish Home Rule, further enfranchisement and economic reforms. Hugh Heinrick (1831-1877) was a journalist and teacher and a campaigner for Home Rule in Ireland.  Born in County Wexford, he moved to mainland Britain, first to Kirkcudbrightshire in Scotland and then to the Aston district of Birmingham, where he settled and worked as a schoolmaster.  He was very much involved in the Irish Home Rule movement in the late 19th century, being Secretary to the Irish Home Rule MPs during the General Election of 1874 in which the Home Rule League won 59 seats.  He was a frequent speaker at public meetings about Irish Home Rule and wrote a number of newspaper articles on the subject.  In 1871, he was Editor of the "Irish Vindicator," a newspaper devoted to the cause of Irish Home Rule, published in London. Michael Davitt (Irish: "Mícheál Mac Dáibhéid" ; 25 March 184630 May 1906) was an Irish republican and agrarian campaigner who founded the Irish National Land League.  He was also a labour leader, Home Rule politician and Member of Parliament (MP).  He campaigned for Home Rule and was a close ally of Charles Stuart Parnell, the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, until the party split over Parnell's divorce and Davitt joined the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation.
Answer: Charles Stewart Parnell