Question: Fiat justitia ruat caelum was used in the case that was decided in what year?
Context: The Fiat-Ansaldo M13/40 was an Italian World War II tank designed to replace the Fiat L3, the Fiat L6/40 and the Fiat M11/39 in the Italian Army at the start of World War II.  It was the primary tank used by the Italians throughout the war.  The design was influenced by the British Vickers 6-Ton and was based on the modified chassis of the earlier Fiat M11/39.  Production of the M11/39 was cut short in order to get the M13/40 into production.  The name refers to "M" for "Medio" (medium) according to the Italian tank weight standards at the time, 13 tonnes was the scheduled weight and 1940 the initial year of production. Commissioner v. Sunnen, 333 U.S. 591 (1948), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1948 in which the Court outlined the scope of collateral estoppel or estoppel by judgment in determinations of federal tax liability.  This was important because a single controversial circumstance may have a bearing on income tax liability for several years.  Res judicata, as part of the doctrine of judicial finality, protects a taxpayer's tax liability for a given year once the taxpayer wins a judgment in court.  The judgment is controlling not only controlling with regard to the issues litigated but also with any issues that "could have" been raised if they would have affected the determination of tax liability for the year.  However, of course, a single controversial circumstance may have a bearing on income tax liability for several years, and if a judgment fixes liability for one of the years, res judiciary forecloses the reopening of only that year's liability.  But the related doctrine of collateral estoppel prevents relitigation of issues that were in fact raised and decided in the earlier litigation, even when they arise in a new cause of action, such as a dispute as to liability for a later year. "Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus" is a Latin phrase, meaning "Let justice be done, though the world perish". Fiat justitia ruat cælum is a Latin legal phrase, meaning ""Let justice be done though the heavens fall.""  The maxim signifies the belief that justice must be realized regardless of consequences.  According to the 19th-century abolitionist politician Charles Sumner, it does not come from any classical source.  It has also been ascribed to Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, see .  It was used in the landmark judgment, "Somerset v Stewart", where slavery was held to be unlawful at common law. Fiat justitia is a Latin phrase, meaning "Let justice be done".  Historically in England, a warrant for a writ of error in Parliament or later a petition of right in the courts could be brought only after the king, or on his behalf the Home Secretary, had endorsed "fiat justitia" on a petition for such a warrant.  It was a means of granting leave to appeal by exercise of the royal prerogative. The GM MR6/F40 six-speed manual transaxle was first developed for Fiat, and use after by OPEL and Saab applications.  Originally a design developed for Fiat, Opel and Saab applications, the F40 (MT2) is a GM Powertrain - Europe six-speed manual transaxle built by Opel in Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany.  Its first use in a North American application was the Pontiac G6 for the 2006 model year.  It is also used in some Saab 9-3 and 9-5 models. Somerset v Stewart (1772) 98 ER 499 (aka "Somersett's case", or in State Trials v.XX "Sommersett v Steuart") is a famous judgment of the English Court of King's Bench in 1772, which held that chattel slavery was unsupported by the common law in England and Wales, although the position elsewhere in the British Empire was left ambiguous.  Lord Mansfield decided that: Nota Sports and Racing Cars is an automobile manufacturer in Australia.  The company was founded by Guy Buckingham in 1952.  He was an aircraft engineer and used his expertise to build triangulated spaceframed sportscars.  Possibly Australia's first space-framed cars.  In 1958 the company built a series of all-enveloping aluminium streamlined sports cars.  First called "Streamliners", and later called "Mazengarbs".  Up to 1960 eleven of those were made.  In the late 1950s the company produced Formula Junior cars in both front and midengined formats.  Nota also made a series of specialist monoposto racing cars for the track and hill climbing events.  In 1963 the company made a series of Mini powered sports cars.  In 1964 they started production of the Nota Sapphire an alloy bodied sports and coupe designs with Ford Fiat and Coventry Climax engines.  In 1965 Nota started producing Formula Vee cars for Warrick Farm race track making 34 in the first year.  In the 1960s the company formulised their "Sportsman", a Lotus 7 look alike, which they still build today and are now building in a midengined version for the modern day transverse engines which the major car manufacturers produce.  In 1968 came the Nota Fang Chris Buckinghams first real design, a midengined sports car using a Cooper S engine power plant behind the driver but in front of the rear wheels, their most successful model with over 100 being made.  Later the Fang was equipped with Lancia engines, then Toyota engines, finally being fitted with Toyota's V6 Quad cam supercharged engines with over 400BHP.  In 1973 Nota started with their Marauder range of cars using the same mechanicals as the Nota Fang.  At the same time they were making the Nota Levanti front engine twin cam coupe.  In 1975 the supply of Leyland 1275 GT engines started to run out so Nota contacted FIAT and both Marauders and Fangs were made with the 2-litre twin cam FIAT/Lancia engine. Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision invalidating the use of the First Amendment as a defense for reporters summoned to testify before a grand jury.  The case was argued February 23, 1972 and decided June 29 of the same year.  The reporter lost his case by a vote of 5-4.  This case is cited for the rule that in federal courts, a reporter may not generally avoid testifying in a criminal grand jury, and it remains the only case in which the U.S. Supreme Court has considered the use of "reporters' privilege". At first the model had a new petrol engine with 1395 cc and 29 kW (39 hp) at 3800 rpm to 1400 Fiat, and had a manual 4-speed transmission.  A 1.5 ton truck was newly developed, which was offered from 1951 in a flatbed and chassis for special bodies.  It was powered by the engine of the prior year featured Fiat 1400s.  The engine was already in the car Fiat 1400 was just sufficient, and with the 3.1 tons it had real trouble.  Once in motion, the Fiat 615 was indeed 80 km/hr fast, but with forced driving it had poor fuel efficiency.  There was a reason that the 1100 Fiat ELR far built until 1954.  The somewhat weaker beast of burden was, with its 1.1 liter and 28/30 PS (at 4400 rpm) a little lame, but it had fully loaded a ton to move less weight, so was more economical.  It therefore retained its loyal following who forgave its manageable liveliness out of habit, especially as it came with start-up to a peak of over 90 km/hr and thus was significantly faster than the Fiat 615 with its maximum of 78 km/hr.  With high pressure, therefore a suitable diesel engine was developed by Fiat: a swirl chamber engine (Ricardo System) based on the 1.9 liter engine for the "big" Fiat in 1900 and the new SUV Fiat Campagnola.  (This engine was a hubvergrößerte variant of the 1400 engine.)  The new diesel engine (type 305) was later also available in either sedan 1400 from 1952 in addition to the Fiat 615 N (N = Nafta = Diesel) and one year in Fiat Campagnola and Fiat.  Although the experiment of the Fiat 615 built 1.9 L gasoline engine proved to be stronger and with faster drive spurt, confined themselves to the diesel, the Type 615 N. Only Steyr in Austria until 1958 offered the Fiat 615 as gasoline, as Steyr 260 with its own 50 hp 2 L gasoline engine from the car Steyr 2000.  The Fiat 615 N was a very modern vehicle that in Italy, initially had no competition.  The export ran well at the beginning, missing, or half-hearted development left the Fiat 615 N (and especially its successor) over the years become increasingly rare even in Italy.  In Zastava in Yugoslavia, the Fiat 615 was built with a petrol engine under license.  However, not as the beginning of the Fiat, with the 1.4 L 4-cylinder engine, but with the much stronger torque 1.9 liter engine (type 105) with 47 hp at 3500 RPM, as well as in the, also at Zastava built under license, Campagnola was used.  It is unclear whether the successor (from about 1963, as Fiat 615 N1) only with the 1.9 liter petrol engine (such as 615 B) was built, with a diesel engine.
Answer: 1772