Question: Contact was an American literary "little magazine" published during the early 1920s and again in 1932, Williams desired to create a distinctly American form of art free of the literary tradition running throughout the work of T. S. Eliot, a British essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets", and moved from his native United States to England in which year?
Context: Thomas Stearns Eliot, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was a British essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets".  He moved from his native United States to England in 1914 at the age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there.  He eventually became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his American citizenship. Taeko Kōno (河野 多惠子 , Kōno Taeko , February 24, 1926 – January 29, 2015) is one of the most important Japanese women writers of the second half of the twentieth century, someone whose influence on contemporary Japanese women writers is acknowledged to be immeasurable.  Kōno is one of a generation of remarkable women writers who made an appearance in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s and who include Kurahashi Yumiko, Mori Mari, Setouchi Harumi, and Takahashi Takako (Japanese name order).  She also established a reputation for herself as an acerbic essayist, a playwright and a literary critic.  By the end of her life she was a leading presence in Japan's literary establishment, one of the first women writers to serve on the Akutagawa Literary Prize committee.  Oe Kenzaburo, Japan's Nobel Laureate, described her as the most "lucidly intelligent" woman writers writing in Japan, and the US critic and academic Masao Miyoshi identified her as among the most "critically alert and historically intelligent."  US critic and academic Davinder Bhowmik assesses her as “…one of the truly original voices of the twentieth century, beyond questions of gender or even nationality.”  A writer who deals with some quite dark themes, Kōno is known to readers in English through the collection of short stories "Toddler-Hunting and Other Stories" (New Directions, 1996), which draws together her best writing from the 1960s. Juan José Arreola Zúñiga (September 21, 1918 – December 3, 2001) was a Mexican writer and academic.  He is considered Mexico's premier experimental short story writer of the twentieth century.  Arreola is recognized as one of the first Latin American writers to abandon realism; he used elements of fantasy to underscore existentialist and absurdist ideas in his work.  Although he is little known outside his native country, Arreola has served as the literary inspiration for a legion of Mexican writers who have sought to transform their country's realistic literary tradition by introducing elements of magical realism, satire, and allegory.  Alongside Jorge Luis Borges, he is considered one of the masters of the hybrid subgenre of the essay-story.  He published only one novel, "La feria" (The Fair; 1963). New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century.  It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.  The movement derived its name from John Crowe Ransom's 1941 book "The New Criticism".  The work of English scholar I. A. Richards, especially his "Practical Criticism" and "The Meaning of Meaning", which offered what was claimed to be an empirical scientific approach, were important to the development of New Critical methodology.  Also very influential were the critical essays of T. S. Eliot, such as "Tradition and the Individual Talent" and "Hamlet and His Problems", in which Eliot developed his notion of the "objective correlative".  Eliot's evaluative judgments, such as his condemnation of Milton and Shelley, his liking for the so-called metaphysical poets and his insistence that poetry must be impersonal, greatly influenced the formation of the New Critical canon. Paul Zarifopol (November 30, 1874 – May 1, 1934) was a Romanian literary and social critic, essayist, and literary historian.  The scion of an aristocratic family, formally trained in both philology and the sociology of literature, he emerged in the 1910s as a rebel, highly distinctive, voice among the Romanian press and book reviewers.  He was a confidant and publisher of the Romanian writer Ion Luca Caragiale, building his theories on Caragiale's already trenchant appraisals of Romanian society and culture.  Zarifopol defended art for art's sake even against the Marxism of his father-in-law, Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, and the Poporanism of his friend, Garabet Ibrăileanu.  He was also a noted censurer of neoclassical trends, of philistinism, and of inauthentic customs, advocating renewal, but not revolution.  A skeptic reviewer of modernist literature, he reemerged during the interwar as its dedicated promoter, but his preference for literary entertainment over substance and many of his literary bets were shortly dismissed by other experts of the day. Poetic tradition is a concept similar to that of the poetic or literary canon (a body of works of significant literary merit, instrumental in shaping Western culture and modes of thought).  The concept of poetic tradition has been commonly used as a part of historical literary criticism, in which a poet or author is evaluated in the context of his historical period, his immediate literary influences or predecessors, and his literary contemporaries.  T. S. Eliot claimed in "Tradition and the Individual Talent", published in 1919, that for a poet to fully come into his own, he must be aware of his predecessors, and view the work of his predecessors as living, not dead.  The poetic tradition is a line of descent of poets who have achieved a sublime state and can surrender themselves to their work to create a poem that both builds on existing tradition and stands on its own. Japanese poetry is poetry of or typical of Japan, or written, spoken, or chanted in the Japanese language, which includes Old Japanese, Early Middle Japanese, Late Middle Japanese, and Modern Japanese, and some poetry in Japan which was written in the Chinese language or "ryūka" from the Okinawa Islands: it is possible to make a more accurate distinction between Japanese poetry written in Japan or by Japanese people in other languages versus that written in the Japanese language by speaking of Japanese-language poetry.  Much of the literary record of Japanese poetry begins when Japanese poets encountered Chinese poetry during the Tang dynasty (although the Chinese classic anthology of poetry, "Shijing", was well known by the literati of Japan by the 6th century).  Under the influence of the Chinese poets of this era Japanese began to compose poetry in Chinese "kanshi"); and, as part of this tradition, poetry in Japan tended to be intimately associated with pictorial painting, partly because of the influence of Chinese arts, and the tradition of the use of ink and brush for both writing and drawing.  It took several hundred years to digest the foreign impact and make it an integral part of Japanese culture and to merge this "kanshi" poetry into a Japanese language literary tradition, and then later to develop the diversity of unique poetic forms of native poetry, such as "waka", "haikai", and other more Japanese poetic specialties.  For example, in the "Tale of Genji" both "kanshi" and "waka" are frequently mentioned.  The history of Japanese poetry goes from an early semi-historical/mythological phase, through the early Old Japanese literature inclusions, just before the Nara period, the Nara period itself (710 to 794), the Heian period (794 to 1185), the Kamakura period (1185 to 1333), and so on, up through the poetically important Edo period (1603 and 1867, also known as "Tokugawa") and modern times; however, the history of poetry often is different than socio-political history. Contact was an American literary "little magazine" published during the early 1920s and again in 1932.  Following their introduction in 1920 by Marsden Hartley at a party hosted by Lola Ridge, William Carlos Williams and Robert McAlmon endeavored to create an outlet for works showcasing Williams' theory of "contact", a theory centered on the belief that art should derive from an artist's direct experience and sense of place and should reject traditional notions of value.  Williams desired to create a distinctly American form of art free of the literary tradition running throughout the work of T. S. Eliot. Tamil literature (Tamil: தமிழ் இலக்கியம் ) refers to the literature in the Tamil language.  Tamil literature has a rich and long literary tradition spanning more than two thousand years.  The oldest extant works show signs of maturity indicating an even longer period of evolution.  Contributors to the Tamil literature are mainly from Tamil people from South India, including the land now comprising Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Sri Lankan Tamils from Sri Lanka, and from Tamil diaspora.  The history of Tamil literature follows the history of Tamil Nadu, closely following the social, political and cultural trends of various periods.  The early Sangam literature, starting from the period of 2nd century BCE, contain anthologies of various poets dealing with many aspects of life, including love, war, social values and religion.  This was followed by the early epics and moral literature, authored by Hindu, Jain and Buddhist authors, lasting up to the 5th century CE.  From the 6th to 12th century CE, the Tamil devotional poems written by Nayanmars (sages of Shaivism) and Azhvars (sages of Vaishnavism), heralded the great Bhakti movement which later engulfed the entire Indian subcontinent.  It is during this era that some of the grandest of Tamil literary classics like Kambaramayanam and Periya Puranam were authored and many poets were patronized by the imperial Chola and Pandya empires.  The later medieval period saw many assorted minor literary works and also contributions by a few Muslim and European authors.  By having the most ancient non-Sanskritized Indian literature, Tamil literature is unique and thus has become the subject of study by scholars who wish to delineate the non-Aryan and pre-Aryan strands in Indian culture. Contempo, A Review of Books and Personalities, was a "literary and social commentary" published by Milton A. Abernethy and Anthony Buttitta at Chapel Hill, North Carolina from 1931 to 1934.  Though less well-known than some of its contemporaries, "Contempo" fits into the tradition of the "Little Magazine," a group of elite literary magazines pervasive in the first decades of the twentieth century.
Answer: 1914