Question: What years was this campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union occurring, during which Yakov Ganetsky was executed?
Context: The Stalinist repressions in Mongolia (Mongolian: Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт , Ikh Khelmegdüülelt, ""Great Repression"") refers to a period of heightened political violence and persecution in the Mongolian People's Republic between 1937 and 1939.  The repressions were part of the Stalinist purges (also known as the Great Purge) unfolding across the Soviet Union around the same period.  Soviet NKVD advisors, under the nominal direction of Mongolia's "de facto" leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan, persecuted individuals and organizations perceived as threats to the Mongolian revolution and the growing Soviet influence in the country.  As in the Soviet Union, methods of repression included show trials, torture, and imprisonment in remote forced labor camps.  Estimates differ, but anywhere between 20,000 to 35,000 "enemies of the revolution" were executed, a figure representing three to five percent of Mongolia's total population at the time.  Victims included those suspected of espousing lamaism, pan-Mongolist nationalism, and pro-Japanese sentiment with the Buddhist clergy, aristocrats, intelligentsia, political dissidents, and ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs suffering the greatest losses. The Gulag (Russian: ГУЛАГ ; ] ; acronym of Главное Управление Лагерей , "Glavnoye Upravleniye Lagerej ", "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps") was the government agency created under Vladimir Lenin which reached its peak as the Soviet forced labor camp system during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s up until the 1950s.  The term is also commonly used to reference any forced-labor camp in the Soviet Union, including in post-Stalin times.  The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners. Large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas (secret police) and other instruments of extrajudicial punishment.  The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Russian: Большо́й терро́р ) was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.  It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials, repression of peasants and the Red Army leadership, widespread police surveillance, suspicion of "saboteurs", "counter-revolutionaries", imprisonment, and arbitrary executions.  Mobile gas vans were invented to execute people without trial.  In Russian historiography, the period of the most intense purge, 1937–1938, is called Yezhovshchina (Russian: Ежовщина ; literally, "Yezhov phenomenon", commonly translated as "times of Yezhov" or "doings of Yezhov"), after Nikolai Yezhov, the head of the Soviet secret police, the NKVD, who was later killed in the purge.  It has been estimated that 600,000 people died at the hands of the Soviet government during the Purge. The history of the Communist Party USA is deeply rooted in the history of the American labor movement.  Communists played critical roles in the earliest struggles to organize American workers into unions, as well as the later civil rights movements and anti-war movements.  However, many Communists were forced to work covertly due to the high level of political repression in the United States against Communists, whom were targeted for legal retaliation and in some areas state-supported terrorism and lynchings.  According to Gus Hall, who served as the General Secretary of the party for most of the later 20th Century, Communists' scientific understanding of the nature of class struggle enables them to be the most effective organizers, a benefit he called the "Communist plus".  When Communists were expelled from the AFL-CIO in 1948, organized labor's influence on economic and political development stagnated and later plummeted.  The Communist Party greatly suffered under the ensuing period of McCarthyism, in which the US government openly carried out mass repression against Communists and simultaneously ran a nationalist propaganda campaign fueling the Cold War against the Soviet Union which would dominate US foreign policy for the rest of the century.  After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the US government ended its espionage and police violence against the party, but the party went through another split over differences in adapting to the post-Soviet period.  The party remains active but never recovered the influence it had during its height in the 1930s and 40s. Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms.  Though the most notorious was the Gulag labor camp system of penal labor, resettling of entire categories of population was another method of political repression implemented by the Soviet Union.  At the same time, involuntary settlement played a role in the colonization of remote areas of the Soviet Union.  This role was specifically mentioned in the first Soviet decrees about involuntary labor camps. The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.  He sought to destroy his enemies while transforming Soviet society with aggressive economic planning, in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture and rapid development of heavy industry.  Stalin consolidated his power within the party and the state and fostered an extensive cult of personality.  Soviet secret-police and the mass-mobilization Communist party served as Stalin's major tools in molding Soviet society.  Stalin's brutal methods in achieving his goals, which included party purges, political repression of the general population, and forced collectivization, led to millions of deaths: in Gulag labor camps and during man-made famine. The June Uprising (Lithuanian: "birželio sukilimas" ) was a brief period in the history of Lithuania between the first Soviet occupation and the Nazi occupation in late June 1941.  Approximately one year earlier, on June 15, 1940, the Red Army invaded Lithuania and the unpopular Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was soon established.  Political repression and terror were used to silence its critics and suppress any resistance.  When Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, a diverse segment of the Lithuanian population rose up against the Soviet regime, declared renewed independence, and formed the short-lived Provisional Government.  Two large Lithuanian cities, Kaunas and Vilnius, fell into the hands of the rebels before the arrival of the Wehrmacht.  Within a week, the German Army took control of the whole of Lithuania.  The Lithuanians greeted the Germans as liberators from the repressive Soviet rule and hoped that the Germans would re-establish their independence or at least allow some degree of autonomy (similar to the Slovak Republic).  No such support came from the Nazis, who steadily replaced Lithuanian institutions with their own administration.  The Reichskommissariat Ostland was established at the end of July 1941.  Deprived of any real power, the Provisional Government disbanded itself on August 5. Yakov Stanislavovich Ganetsky (also transliterated as Hanecki), also known as Jakub Fürstenberg (Fuerstenberg) (15 March 1879 — 26 November 1937) was a prominent Old Bolshevik and close associate of Vladimir Lenin, famous as one of the financial wizards who arranged, through his close working relationship with Alexander Parvus, the secret German funding that saved the Bolsheviks.  After the October Revolution of 1917, Ganetsky served as Chief Soviet banker, trade representative and Ambassador to Latvia.  On behalf of the Soviet government he signed the Peace of Riga and Treaty of Kars.  His last post was that of a director of the Museum of the Revolution of the USSR, presently the State Historical Museum.  He was executed during the Great Purge and was rehabilitated posthumously. Perm-36 (also known as ITK-6) was a Soviet forced labor camp located near the village of Kuchino, 100 km (60 miles) northeast of the city of Perm in Russia, part of the large prison camp system run by the Soviet Union (now Russia) in the Stalin era known as the Gulag.  Built in 1946 and closed December 1987, the camp was preserved as a museum in 1994 by the private Russian human rights organization Memorial and since 1995 has been open to the public as The Museum of the History of Political Repression Perm-36 (known popularly as the Gulag Museum) operated by the private non-commercial organization "Memorial Center of Political Repression "Perm-36"" It is the only remaining example of a Gulag labor camp, the others having been demolished by the Soviet government at the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Red Terror was a period of political repression and mass killings carried out by Bolsheviks after the beginning of the Russian Civil War in 1918.  Soviet historiography describes the Red Terror as having been officially announced in September 1918 by Yakov Sverdlov and ending about October 1918.  However, the term was frequently applied to Bolshevik political repression during the whole period of the Civil War (1917–1922), as distinguished from the White Terror carried out by the anti-Bolshevik side.  The Cheka (the Bolshevik secret police) carried out the repressions of the Red Terror.  Estimates for the total number of people killed during the Red Terror range from 10,000 to over 1.5 million.  The majority of the violence's targets were representatives of the Tsarist regime and former Tsarist officers, along with significant numbers of bourgeoisie.
Answer: 1936 to 1938