Question: The harm principle, holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals, who articulated this principle in which philosophical work, originally intended as a short essay?
Context: In civil law jurisdictions, abuse of rights is the exercise of a legal right only to cause annoyance, harm, or injury to another.  The abuser is liable for the harm caused by their actions.  Some examples of this are abuse of power, barratry or vexatious litigation, forum shopping, abuse of process, tax avoidance (vs. anti-avoidance rules, step transaction doctrine, economic substance), etc.  The principle is a creature of case law and was expanded from the neighborhood law doctrine of "aemulatio vicini" under the "jus commune".  This principle departs from the classical theory that “he who uses a right injures no one”, instead embracing the maxim “a right ends where abuse begins” (= "le droit cesse où l'abus commence"). The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals.  John Stuart Mill articulated this principle in "On Liberty", where he argued that, "The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."  An equivalent was earlier stated in France's "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" of 1789 as, "Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights.  These limits can only be determined by law." Kansas, like many other states, is facing a $186 million gap for fiscal year 2009 and according to early estimates approximately $1 billion deficit for fiscal year 2010.  However, more recent estimates place FY 2010's shortfall at $654 million. <BR>Governor Kathleen Sebelius recommended $600 million in budget cuts for FY 2010 which includes eliminating programs, closing facilities, freezing new hires, and reducing spending.  However, in light of the federal economic stimulus package Sebelius amended her recommended budget to "prevent harm" to the state.  "Budget cuts deeper than what I have already recommended are not necessary, and would in fact do great harm to our state’s economy and employment levels," said Sebelius.  However, state officials said their target for reductions in fiscal 2010 is greater than the Governor's recommendations - $625 million.  According to the Governor's recommended budget, the proposed cuts could reduce the projected FY2010 shortfall $103 million, however that estimate depends on $57 million in revenue from state-owned casinos that haven’t yet been built. The Trail Smelter dispute was a trans-boundary pollution case involving the federal governments of both Canada and the United States, which eventually contributed to establishing the Harm principle in the environmental law of transboundary pollution. Cyber crime, or computer related crime, is crime that involves a computer and a network.  The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.  Cybercrimes can be defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (networks including but not limited to Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (Bluetooth/SMS/MMS)".  Cybercrime may threaten a person or a nation's security and financial health.  Issues surrounding these types of crimes have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, unwarranted mass-surveillance, child pornography, and child grooming.  There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, lawfully or otherwise.  Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar further define cybercrime from the perspective of gender and defined 'cybercrime against women' as "Crimes targeted against women with a motive to intentionally harm the victim psychologically and physically, using modern telecommunication networks such as internet and mobile phones". On Liberty is a philosophical work by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, originally intended as a short essay.  The work, published in 1859, applies Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and the state.  Mill attempts to establish standards for the relationship between authority and liberty.  He emphasizes the importance of individuality, which he conceived as a prerequisite to the higher pleasures—the "summum bonum" of Utilitarianism.  Furthermore, Mill criticizes the errors of past attempts to defend individuality where, for example, democratic ideals resulted in the "tyranny of the majority".  Among the standards established in this work are Mill's three basic liberties of individuals, his three legitimate objections to government intervention, and his two maxims regarding the relationship of the individual to society. Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness.  This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potential health hazards.  In this way food safety often overlaps with food defense to prevent harm to consumers.  The tracks within this line of thought are safety between industry and the market and then between the market and the consumer.  In considering industry to market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to food labeling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as policies on biotechnology and food and guidelines for the management of governmental import and export inspection and certification systems for foods.  In considering market to consumer practices, the usual thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the concern is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the consumer. Natural-rights libertarianism, also known as deontological libertarianism, philosophical libertarianism, deontological liberalism, rights-theorist libertarianism, natural rights-based libertarianism, or libertarian moralism, refers to the view that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights, mainly a right of individual sovereignty, and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights-violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts.  This is one of the two ethical view points within right-libertarianism, the other being consequentialist libertarianism, which "only" takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them, and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences.  Deontological libertarianism is based on the non-aggression principle, which states that no human being holds the right to "initiate" force or fraud against the person or property of another human being, under any circumstances.  Deontological libertarians consider this principle to be the basis of all morality, and therefore they believe that any violation of the principle is immoral, no matter what other arguments may be invoked to justify that violation. Surrogatum is a thing put in the place of another or a substitute.  The Surrogatum Principle pertains to a Canadian income tax principle involving a person who suffers harm caused by another and may seek compensation for (a) loss of income, (b) expenses incurred, (c) property destroyed, or (d) personal injury, as well as punitive damages, under the surrogatum principle, the tax consequences of a damage or settlement payment depend on the tax treatment of the item for which the payment is intended to substitute. A permissive society is a society in which social norms become increasingly liberal, especially with regard to sexual freedom.  This usually accompanies a change in what is considered deviant.  While typically preserving the rule "do not harm others" (harm principle/non-aggression principle), a permissive society would have few other moral or legal codes (no victimless crimes, for example).
Answer: John Stuart Mill