Question: What Dmitri Shostakovich opera (Opus 29) was attacked under direct orders from Joseph Stalin?
Context: The Fall of Berlin (Russian: "Падение Берлина" ; translit.  Padeniye Berlina) is a 1950 Soviet war film and an example of Soviet realism, in two parts separated in the manner of a serial, directed by Mikheil Chiaureli, released by the Mosfilm Studio.  The script was written by Pyotr Pavlenko, and the musical score composed by Dmitri Shostakovich.  It starred Mikheil Gelovani as Joseph Stalin. The Greek Operation (Russian: Греческая Операция , translit.  Grecheskaya Operatsiya; Ukrainian: Грецька операція ) was an organised mass persecution of the 450,000 Greeks of the Soviet Union that was ordered by Joseph Stalin.  Greeks often use the term "pogrom" (πογκρόμ) for this persecution, though this term usually refers to mob violence rather than persecution by police acting under direct orders, as this one was.  It began on December 15, 1937 and marked the beginning of the repressions against Greeks went on for 13 years. Dmitri Shostakovich composed his Symphony No. 4 in C minor, Opus 43, between September 1935 and May 1936, after abandoning some preliminary sketch material.  In January 1936, halfway through this period, "Pravda"—under direct orders from Joseph Stalin—published an editorial "Muddle Instead of Music" that denounced the composer and targeted his opera "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk".  Despite this attack, and despite the oppressive political climate of the time, Shostakovich completed the symphony and planned its premiere for December 1936 in Leningrad.  After rehearsals began, the orchestra's management cancelled the performance, offering a statement that Shostakovich had withdrawn the work.  He may have agreed to withdraw it to relieve orchestra officials of responsibility.  The symphony was premiered on 30 December 1961 by the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra led by Kirill Kondrashin. Joseph Stalin's cult of personality became a prominent part of Soviet culture in December 1929, after a lavish celebration for Stalin's 50th birthday.  For the rest of Stalin's rule, the Soviet press presented Stalin as an all-powerful, all-knowing leader, and Stalin's name and image became omnipresent.  From 1936 the Soviet journalism started to refer to Joseph Stalin as the "Father of Nations". Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (Russian: "Леди Макбет Мценского уезда" , or "Ledi Makbet Mtsenskogo uyezda") is an opera in four acts and nine scenes by Dmitri Shostakovich, his Opus 29.  The libretto, jointly written by Alexander Preys and the composer, is based on the novel of the same name by Nikolai Leskov.  (The opera is incorrectly named "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk" on several commercial CD and DVD recordings.) Muddle Instead of Music: On the Opera "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" (Russian: Сумбур вместо музыки – Об опере «Леди Макбет Мценского уезда») is an editorial that appeared in the Soviet newspaper "Pravda" on January 28, 1936.  The unsigned article condemned Dmitri Shostakovich's popular opera "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" as, among other labels, "formalist,” "bourgeois", "coarse" and "vulgar."  Immediately after publication rumors began to circulate that Stalin had written the opinion.  While this is unlikely, it is almost certain that Stalin was aware of and agreed with the article.  "Muddle Instead of Music" was a turning point in Shostakovich's career and factored into his public withdrawal of the Fourth Symphony some months later.  The article has since become a well-known example of Soviet censorship of the arts. The Little Antiformalistic Paradise (Russian: Антиформалистический раёк , sometimes translated literally as "Antiformalist Rayok", also known as simply "Rayok", "The Peep-show", "Little Paradise", "The Gods" and "A Learner's Manual"), without opus number, is a satirical cantata for four voices, chorus and piano by Dmitri Shostakovich.  Its title derives from Modest Mussorgsky's work "Rayok".  It ridicules the Zhdanov decree of 1948 and the anti-formalism campaign in Soviet arts which followed it, and includes quotations from speeches by Zhdanov and a quotation from "Suliko" (Joseph Stalin's favourite song). The War Symphonies: Shostakovich Against Stalin (sometimes titled Shostakovich Against Stalin: The War Symphonies) is a 1997 documentary film about Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich.  It focuses on the period between 1936 and 1945, during which Shostakovich composed his Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Symphonies, but also briefly discusses other works in the composer's oeuvre, such as his "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. Sofia Moshevich (Hebrew: סופיה מושביץ'‎ ‎ ; born 1949) is a Ukrainian-born pianist, teacher and researcher who lived in Moscow, Jerusalem and Johannesburg before emigrating to Canada where she now lives in Toronto.  Since the early 1970s, she has taken a special interest in the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich, making a careful analysis of his recorded performances as a pianist.  Two books document the results of her work: "Dmitri Shostakovich, Pianist" and "Shostakovich's Music for Piano Solo, Interpretation and Performance".  She also contributed a chapter on piano music to "A Shostakovich Companion", edited by Michael Mishra. The Symphony No. 10 in E minor (Op. 93) by Dmitri Shostakovich was premiered by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky on 17 December 1953, following the death of Joseph Stalin in March of that year.  It is not clear when it was written: according to the composer's letters composition was between July and October 1953, but Tatiana Nikolayeva stated that it was completed in 1951.  Sketches for some of the material date from 1946.
Answer: Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk