Question: What do Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health and Bolling v. Sharpe have in common?
Context: Hobson v. Hansen, 269 F. Supp.  401 (D.D.C. 1967), was a federal court case filed by civil rights activist Julius W. Hobson against Superintendent Carl F. Hansen and the District of Columbia’s Board of Education on the charge that the current educational system deprived blacks and the poor of their right to equal educational opportunities relative to their white and affluent counterparts, on account of race and socioeconomic status.  Having established "de jure" segregation unconstitutional in "Bolling v. Sharpe" (1954), the federal court addressed questions of "de facto" segregation in D.C. schools, seen in the trends that survived legal desegregation, in "Hobson v. Hansen".  Judge J. Skelly Wright’s decision, in favor of the plaintiffs, sought to remedy the re-segregation or "de facto" segregation enforced by the educational policies, including tracking and optional-transfer zones, adopted by the Board of Education in an attempt to accommodate the consequences of the shift to integrated schools in the aftermath of "Bolling", and within the wider context of emerging racially and socioeconomically rigid residential patterns. The Missouri Department of Revenue is a U.S. state government agency in Missouri created under the Missouri Constitution in 1945, which is responsible for ensuring the proper functioning of state and local government through the collection and distribution of state revenue, and administration of state laws governing driver licensing, and motor vehicle sale and registration.  Mount Etna Morris served as the Department's first Director from July 1946 until his election as State Treasurer of Missouri in November 1948, and later served again as Director from 1953 to 1956. The University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC) is a public research university serving the greater Kansas City metropolitan area.  Located in Kansas City, Missouri, UMKC is one of four system campuses that collectively constitute the University of Missouri.  UMKC is spread across multiple locales; the main Volker Campus, home to the majority of university operations, is located in Kansas City's Rockhill neighborhood, east of the Country Club Plaza, and adjacent to both the Stowers Institute for Medical Research and the world-renowned Linda Hall Library.  In 2017 the University, in collaboration with Truman Medical Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, the Missouri Health Department, the Jackson County Medical Examiners Office, and the Missouri Department of Mental Health Behavioral Medicine, formed the UMKC Health Sciences District on Hospital Hill.  This district is a first-in-the-nation partnership between local and state governments, the university, and these nationally recognized healthcare faculties, designed to promote collaboration in research, innovation, education, grant funding, and community outreach, for the advancement of health and wellness in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area.  Also in 2017, the university announced plans to expand its metropolitan identity with the construction of a downtown Campus for the Arts, located near the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts.  The university's enrollment as of 2015 exceeded more than 16,600 students. George Edward Chalmers Hayes (July 1, 1894 – December 20, 1968) was a Washington, DC lawyer who defended Annie Lee Moss on March 11, 1954.  He was the lead attorney in "Bolling v. Sharpe" (1954).  In 1955 he became the first African American to serve on the District of Columbia Public Utilities Commission. Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case involving a young adult incompetent.  The first "right to die" case ever heard by the Court, "Cruzan" was argued on December 6, 1989 and decided on June 25, 1990.  In a 5–4 decision, the Court affirmed the earlier ruling of the Supreme Court of Missouri and ruled in favor of the State of Missouri, finding it was acceptable to require "clear and convincing evidence" of a patient's wishes for removal of life support.  A significant outcome of the case was the creation of advance health directives. The John Philip Sousa Middle School, formerly the John Philip Sousa Junior High School, is a public school located at 3650 Ely Place in SE area of Washington, D.C. Located in the city's Fort Dupont neighborhood, it serves grades 6-8.  Its school building, built in 1950, was the scene of civil rights action not long after its construction.  Twelve black students were denied admission to all-white school.  This action was eventually overturned in the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision in "Bolling v. Sharpe", which made segregated public schools illegal in the District of Columbia.  The defeat of the legal doctrine "separate but equal" marked an early victory in the modern Civil Rights Movement.  The school was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001 for its role in this action. Since the 1960s The Missouri Arts Council has created support and leadership to bring the arts to all the people of the state.  The Missouri Arts Council, is a Missouri state government agency and a division of the Missouri Department of Economic Development, it provides grants to Missouri nonprofit organizations, schools, and artists to encourage and forward the appreciation of the arts in Missouri. The Missouri Department of Public Safety is a department of the State of Missouri in the United States.  It administers a broad range of the state's public service agencies including the division of Alcohol and Tobacco Control, the division of Fire safety, the Missouri State Highway Patrol, the Missouri National Guard, the Missouri Reserve Military Force, and the Water Patrol and Missouri Capitol Police.  The gaming commission is also overseen by the department and is responsible for monitoring bingo and riverboat gambling operations.  Additionally, the Missouri Department of Public Safety administers the State Emergency Management Agency(SEMA), which coordinates the response to natural and man-made disasters, and the state office of homeland security. Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954), is a landmark United States Supreme Court case which deals with civil rights, specifically, segregation in the District of Columbia's public schools.  Originally argued on December 10–11, 1952, a year before "Brown v. Board of Education", 347 U.S. 483 (1954), "Bolling" was reargued on December 8 and 9, 1953, and was unanimously decided on May 17, 1954, the same day as "Brown."  The "Bolling" decision was supplemented in 1955 with the second "Brown" opinion, which ordered desegregation "with all deliberate speed."  "Bolling" did not address school desegregation in the context of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, which applies only to the states, but held that school segregation was unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.  In "Bolling," the Court observed that the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution lacked an Equal Protection Clause, as in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.  The Court held, however, that the concepts of Equal Protection and Due Process are not mutually exclusive. Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company, 500 U.S. 614 (1991) , was a United States Supreme Court case which held that peremptory challenges may not be used to exclude jurors on the basis of race in civil trials.  "Edmonson" extended the court's similar decision in "Batson v. Kentucky" (1986), a criminal case.  The Court applied the equal protection component of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, as determined in "Bolling v. Sharpe" (1954), in finding that such race-based challenges violated the Constitution.
Answer: Supreme Court case