Question: What author died at an earlier time, Mary McCarthy or Henry Miller?
Context: The Groves of Academe (1952) is a novel by American writer Mary McCarthy.  Considered to be one of the first academic novels, it concerns the sequence of events that take place after Henry Mulcahy, a literary instructor at the fictive Jocelyn College, learns that his teaching appointment will not be renewed.  The novel is intended as a satire of academics based on the author's teaching experiences at Bard and Sarah Lawrence Colleges.  The book is prefaced by a quote from Horace's "Epistles," "Atque inter silvas academi quaerere verum", which translates from the Latin as "And Seek for Truth in the Garden of Academus."  The book's first chapter, "An Unexpected Letter," originally appeared in "The New Yorker". A campus novel, also known as an academic novel, is a novel whose main action is set in and around the campus of a university.  The genre in its current form dates back to the early 1950s.  "The Groves of Academe" by Mary McCarthy, published in 1952, is often quoted as the earliest example, although in "Faculty Towers: The Academic Novel and Its Discontents", Elaine Showalter discusses C. P. Snow's "The Masters", of the previous year, and several earlier novels have an academic setting and the same characteristics, such as Willa Cather's "The Professor's House" of 1925, Régis Messac's "" first published between 1928 and 1931 and Dorothy L. Sayers' "Gaudy Night" of 1935 (see below). The Company She Keeps is the 1942 debut novel of American writer Mary McCarthy.  It consists of six short episodes, several of which were originally published in other periodicals.  The novel details a young woman’s search for identity, and most scholars believe it is a fictionalized autobiographical account of McCarthy’s own journey. Mary Therese McCarthy (June 21, 1912 – October 25, 1989) was an American novelist, critic and political activist. Mary McCarthy Gomez Cueto (April 27, 1900 – April 3, 2009) was the widow of a wealthy Cuban businessman who died in poverty, unwilling to leave the island and unable to access her funds because of the US embargo on trade with Cuba.  After her husband's death in 1951, and following the takeover of the Island under a Communist regime, she had become an anachronism, and ended her life in poverty, bereft of her wealth due to the U.S. embargo, and granted a tiny pension by the Castro government.  A victim of political circumstance, she died there at the age of 108, and was buried next to her husband. "The Oasis" is a short satirical novel by American writer Mary McCarthy.  Published by Random House in 1949, it is McCarthy’s second novel.  Described by McCarthy as a “conte philosophique,” it tells the story of a group of embattled intellectuals, their quest to establish a Utopian community in the mountains of New England, and their failure to surmount ideological and personal differences for the greater good of the commune.  Doubling as a roman à clef, "The Oasis" borrows heavily from McCarthy’s experiences and frustrations with the short lived European-American Group, and serves more broadly as a critique of the “abstract idealism of intellectuals” and their inability to enact actual change. The Henry Miller Memorial Library is a nonprofit arts center, bookstore, and performance venue, championing the late writer, artist, and Big Sur resident Henry Miller, as well as many other, both living and dead, creative individuals living in or near Big Sur, California.  Henry Miller’s friend Emil White built the house that is now the Library in the mid-1960s.  After Miller died, in 1980, Emil decided to maintain his property as a memorial to his friend and as a gallery where local artists could show their work.  In 1981 Emil White, with the help of the Big Sur Land Trust, created "The Henry Miller Memorial Library, Founded by Emil White." Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American writer, expatriated in Paris at his flourishing.  He was known for breaking with existing literary forms, developing a new sort of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical reflection, explicit language, sex, surrealist free association, and mysticism.  His most characteristic works of this kind are "Tropic of Capricorn", The Colossus of Maroussi, The Time of the Assassins, and "The Books in My Life", many of which are based on his experiences in New York and Paris (some of which were banned in the United States until 1961), adding Big Sur and the Oranges of Heronymous Bosch while finally residing in Big Sur, California.  He also wrote travel memoirs and literary criticism, and painted watercolors. Nicola Chiaromonte (1905 in Rapolla, Potenza – 18 June 1972 in Rome) was an Italian activist and author.  In 1934 he fled Italy for France, after opposing Benito Mussolini's fascist government.  During the Spanish Civil War, he flew in André Malraux's squadron, fighting against fascist supported General Francisco Franco.  The character of Scali in Malraux's novel "Man's Hope" is based on Chiaromonte.  After moving to New York in 1941, he took on an important role in the leftist anti-Stalinist intellectual scene of the period, writing for "The Nation", "The New Republic", "politics" and "Partisan Review".  During the Cold War, he helped found, and served as editor, for the Italian journal "Tempo Presente", which was published by the Congress for Cultural Freedom (an organization with silent backing of the Central Intelligence Agency).  Mary McCarthy was a close friend during his time in US.  A foreword to the 1985 edition of Chiaramonte's book of essays "The Paradox of History" (1970) was written by Joseph Frank, a noted Dostoyevsky scholar. Embleton is a hamlet, township and former chapelry, in County Durham, in England, as well as the site of a medieval village and manor.  It is situated 3 mi east of Sedgefield and 4 mi west of Hartlepool.  The township was historically named "Elmdene", supposedly derived from the site's proximity to a woodland of elm trees which, at an earlier time, flourished in the bordering dene.  A single farmstead now occupies the site which lies adjacent to the ruins of a small church (originally a manorial chapel of ease) dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
Answer: Henry Valentine Miller