Question: Which Turkish President was the target of a failed assassination attempt?
Context: Mengistu Haile Mariam (Amharic: , pronounced ] ; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian politician who was the leader of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991.  He was the chairman of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia, from 1977 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991.  The Derg took power in the Ethiopian Revolution following the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie I in 1974, marking the end of the Solomonic dynasty which had ruled Ethiopia since the 13th century.  Mengistu purged rivals for power from the Derg and made himself Ethiopia's dictator, attempting to modernise Ethiopia's feudal economy through Marxist-inspired policies such as nationalisation and land redistribution.  His bloody consolidation of power in 1977-1978 is known as the Ethiopian Red Terror, a brutal crackdown on opposition groups and civilians following a failed assassination attempt by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party in September 1976, after they had ignored the Derg's invitation to join the union of socialist parties. Michael Solski (October 2, 1918 – October 19, 1999) was a union leader, politician, and author in the Canadian province of Ontario.  He was president of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers (Mine Mill) Local 598 from 1952 to 1959, at a time when it was the largest single local in Canada.  He later served as the mayor of Coniston (1962–1972) and of Nickel Centre (1973–1978).  At the end of his career, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (] ; 19 May 1881  – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.  Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism. Issam Makhoul (Arabic: عصام مخول‎ ‎ ] , Hebrew: עיסאם מח'ול‎ ; born 18 July 1952) is an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash between 1999 and 2006.  As the Secretary General of Maki, and together with the Central Committee of the party, he directs all communist activities in Israel as well as being responsible for relationships with communist parties in other countries.  In late 2003, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt, when a car bomb exploded beneath his vehicle as his wife was backing it out of their driveway. On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence.  The bombing killed more than 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians. Mehmet Cavit Bey, Mehmed Cavid Bey or Mehmed Djavid Bey (1875–1926) was an Ottoman Sabbatean economist, newspaper editor and leading politician during the last period of the Ottoman Empire.  A member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), he was part of the Young Turks and had positions in government after the constitution was established.  In the beginning of the Republican period, he was executed for alleged involvement in an assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal. On September 5, 1975, Charles Manson Family cult member Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme attempted to kill United States President Gerald Ford in Sacramento, California.  She wanted to make a statement to people who refused to halt environmental pollution and its effects on Air, Trees, Water, and Animals (ATWA).  Although Fromme stood a little more than an arm's length from Ford that Friday morning and pointed a M1911 pistol at him in the public grounds of the California State Capitol building, her gun failed to fire and no one was injured.  After the assassination attempt, Ford continued to walk to the California state house, where he met with California governor Jerry Brown.  For her crime, Fromme spent 34 years in prison and was released on August 14, 2009 – two years and seven months after Ford's death.  The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan, later received the M1911 pistol used in the assassination attempt as a gift, and the gun was put on display. Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 27 November 1949.  The result was a victory for Laureano Gómez of the Conservative Party, who received all but 23 of the 1.1 million valid votes cast.  The opposition Liberal Party withdrew from the election and called for a boycott after their candidate Darío Echandía was the victim of a failed assassination attempt. Awad Hamad al-Bandar (Arabic: عواد حمد بندر السعدون‎ ‎ ; aka: Awad Hamad Bandar Alsa'doon) (2 January 1945 – 15 January 2007) was an Iraqi chief judge under Saddam Hussein's presidency.  He was the head of the Revolutionary Court which issued death sentences against 143 Dujail residents, in the aftermath of the failed assassination attempt on the president on 8 July 1982 (a year before the U.S. assumed diplomatic ties with Hussein to help thwart their common enemy: Iran).  After the US invasion, he was formally handed over to the interim Iraqi Government in 2004.  On 31 July 2005, at the Al-Dujail trial, the Iraqi Special Tribunal tried al-Bandar for crimes against humanity for issuing the death sentences where he pleaded not guilty.  On 5 November 2006, al-Bandar was sentenced to death by hanging along with co-defendants Hussein and Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, who was beheaded as a result of the hanging.  His body was buried next to Saddam Hussein in Al-Awja. Café Riche which opened in 1908 at 29th of Talaat Harb Street, is one of the most renowned landmarks in downtown Cairo.  At various times a meeting place for intellectuals and revolutionaries, the café witnessed many historically significant events over the 20th century.  It is said to be where King Farouk saw his second wife, Nariman Sadek; where the perpetrator of the 1919 failed assassination attempt on Egypt's last Coptic Prime Minister, Youssef Wahba Pacha lay in wait for his target; and where several members of the resistance during the 1919 revolution met the basement to organize their activities and print their flyers.  Patrons included the political novelist Naguib Mahfouz and the then-future president Gamal Abdel Nasser.
Answer: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk