Question: What type of disturbance does Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti and have in common?
Context: Hurricane Matthew was a powerful and devastating tropical cyclone which became the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Felix in 2007.  The thirteenth named storm, fifth hurricane and second major hurricane of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season, Matthew brought widespread destruction and catastrophic loss of life during its journey across the Western Atlantic, including parts of Haiti, Cuba, Dominican Republic, the Lucayan Archipelago, the southeastern United States, and the Canadian Maritimes.  A total of 603 deaths have been attributed to the storm, including 546 in Haiti, 47 in the United States, 4 in Cuba, 4 in the Dominican Republic, 1 in Colombia, and 1 in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, making it the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Stan in 2005, which killed 1,668 in Central America.  With the storm causing damages estimated in excess of US $15 billion, it was also the most destructive Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Sandy in 2012, as well as the ninth-costliest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history. Hurricane Cleo was the third named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season.  Cleo was one of the longest-lived storms of the season.  This compact yet powerful hurricane travelled through the Caribbean Sea and later hit Florida before moving offshore Georgia into the Carolinas, killing 156 people and causing roughly $187 million in damage.  Major damage was seen as far north as east-central Florida, with the heaviest rains falling along the immediate coast of the Southeast United States into southeast Virginia. Hurricane Matthew struck southwestern Haiti near Les Anglais on October 4, 2016, leaving widespread damage in the impoverished nation.  Matthew was a late-season Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale, having formed in the southeastern Caribbean on September 28.  The hurricane weakened to Category 4 before making landfall near Les Anglais on October 4, at which time the National Hurricane Center estimated maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph).  This made it the strongest storm to hit the nation since Hurricane Cleo in 1964, and the third strongest Haitian landfall on record.  Hurricane-force winds – 74 mph or greater – affected about 1.125 million people in the country.  The Haitian government assessed the death toll at 546, although other sources reported more than three times that figure. The 1928 Haiti hurricane was considered the worst tropical cyclone in Haiti since the 1886 Indianola hurricane.  The second tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a tropical wave near Tobago on August 7.  Steadily intensifying as it moved northwestward, the system passed through the southern Windward Islands.  Upon entering the Caribbean Sea early on August 8, the tropical depression strengthened into a tropical storm.  On August 9, the storm strengthened to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane.  The next day, the hurricane peaked with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h).  After striking the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, the cyclone began weakening and fell to tropical storm intensity on August 12.  By midday on the following day, the storm made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba.  Upon emerging into the Straits of Florida, the storm began to re-strengthen.  Early on August 13, it struck Big Pine Key, Florida, as a strong tropical storm.  Weakening slowly while moving north-northwestward, the system made another landfall near St. George Island.  After moving inland, the tropical storm slowly deteriorated and dissipated over West Virginia on August 17. The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) suggests that local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbance is neither too rare nor too frequent.  At high levels of disturbance, due to frequent forest fires or human impacts like deforestation, all species are at risk of going extinct.  According to IDH theory, at intermediate levels of disturbance, diversity is thus maximized because species that thrive at both early and late successional stages can coexist.  IDH is a nonequilibrium model used to describe the relationship between disturbance and species diversity.  IDH is based on the following premises: First, ecological disturbances have major effects on species richness within the area of disturbance.  Second, interspecific competition results from one species driving a competitor to extinction and becoming dominant in the ecosystem.  Third, moderate ecological scale disturbances prevent interspecific competition. In biology, a disturbance is a temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem.  Disturbances often act quickly and with great effect, to alter the physical structure or arrangement of biotic and abiotic elements.  Disturbance can also occur over a long period of time and can impact the biodiversity within an ecosystem.  Major ecological disturbances may include fires, flooding, windstorms, insect outbreaks and trampling.  Earthquakes, various types of volcanic eruptions, tsunami, firestorms, impact events, climate change, and the devastating effects of human impact on the environment (anthropogenic disturbances) such as clearcutting, forest clearing and the introduction of invasive species can be considered major disturbances.  Disturbance forces can have profound immediate effects on ecosystems and can, accordingly, greatly alter the natural community.  Because of these and the impacts on populations, disturbance determines the future shifts in dominance, various species successively becoming dominant as their life history characteristics, and associated life-forms, are exhibited over time. Hurricane Matthew was the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane since Felix in 2007 and the southernmost Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record.  The system originated from a tropical wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa on September 22, and ultimately dissipated as an extratropical cyclone near Atlantic Canada on October 10.  Late on September 29, it began a period of explosive intensification that brought it to Category 5 strength early on October 1.  It weakened slightly and remained a Category 4 until its landfalls in Haiti and Cuba, afterwards it traversed through the Bahamas and paralleled the coast of Florida until making landfall in South Carolina as a Category 1 hurricane.  Matthew later transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on October 10. Les Anglais (Haitian Creole: "Zanglè" ), French for "The English", is a commune in the Chardonnières Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.  It has 27,182 inhabitants.  The eye of Hurricane Matthew made landfall near Les Anglais on 4 October 2016 at 6 a.m. EST (11:00 a.m. UTC) as a powerful Category 4 hurricane with winds of 230 km/h (145 mph). The 1909 Greater Antilles hurricane was a rare, late-season tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage and loss of life in Jamaica and Haiti.  Forming out of a large disturbance in early November, the hurricane began as a minimal tropical storm over the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November 8.  Slowly tracking northeastward, the system gradually intensified.  Late on November 11, the storm brushed the eastern tip of Jamaica before attaining hurricane status.  The following afternoon, the storm made landfall in northwest Haiti with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).  After moving over the Atlantic Ocean, the hurricane further intensified and attained its peak winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) on November 13.  The system rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone the following day before being absorbed by a frontal system northeast of the Lesser Antilles. Les Anglais (English: "The English" ) is a town in the Les Anglais commune of the Chardonnières Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.  In 2009, the city had a population of 7,791.  The eye of Hurricane Matthew made landfall near Les Anglais on 4 October 2016 at 6 a.m. EST (11:00 a.m. UTC) as a powerful Category 4 hurricane with winds of 230 km/h (145 mph).
Answer: storm