Question: Reichian therapy was created by the psychoanalyst who hailed from what country?
Context: Primal therapy is a trauma-based psychotherapy created by Arthur Janov, who argues that neurosis is caused by the repressed pain of childhood trauma.  Janov argues that repressed pain can be sequentially brought to conscious awareness and resolved through re-experiencing specific incidents and fully expressing the resulting pain during therapy.  In therapy, the patient recalls and reenacts a particularly disturbing past experience usually occurring early in life and expresses normally repressed anger or frustration especially through spontaneous and unrestrained screams, hysteria, or violence.  Primal therapy was developed as a means of eliciting the repressed pain; the term "Pain" is capitalized in discussions of primal therapy when referring to any repressed emotional distress and its purported long-lasting psychological effects.  Janov criticizes the talking therapies as they deal primarily with the cerebral cortex and higher-reasoning areas and do not access the source of Pain within the more basic parts of the central nervous system. Ross V. Speck, MD (1927-2015), was a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and family therapist.  He had a strong interest in sociology and anthropology and did research in family therapy of schizophrenia, drugs, depression, and adolescents.  He was one of the "first generation" of family therapists and a founder of the Family Institute of Philadelphia.  In addition, he was the originator of "NetWork Therapy". Virtual reality therapy (VRT), also known as virtual reality immersion therapy (VRIT), simulation for therapy (SFT), virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), and computerized CBT (CCBT), is the use of virtual reality technology for psychological or occupational therapy.  Patients receiving virtual reality therapy navigate through digitally created environments and complete specially designed tasks often tailored to treat a specific ailment.  Technology can range from a simple PC and keyboard setup, to a modern virtual reality headset.  It is widely used as an alternative form of exposure therapy, in which patients interact with harmless virtual representations of traumatic stimuli in order to reduce fear responses.  It has proven to be especially effective at treating PTSD.  Virtual reality therapy has also been used to help stroke patients regain muscle control, to treat other disorders such as body dysmorphia, and to improve social skills in those diagnosed with autism. The Art of Listening is a 1994 book on psychology by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm.  In this work, Fromm elucidates his therapeutic method of dealing with the psychological sufferings of people in contemporary society.  Fromm's work contains a great deal of clinical reflections of the psychoanalyst.  In "The Art of Listening", Fromm studies the communication between analyst and analysand in which the analyst offers himself as a human being specially trained in the "art of listening."  The art of therapy is the art of listening. Theme-centered interaction (TCI) is a concept and a method for working in groups.  Its aim is social learning and development of the person.  Since the nineteen fifties, TCI has been developed in the United States by the psychoanalyst and psychologist Ruth Cohn, by the therapists Norman Liberman, Isaac Zieman and by other representatives of humanistic psychology.  Under the deep impression of the Nazi regime from which Cohn had to flee as a Jew, her overall aim was to assist in creating humane environments which make possible personal growth and living learning as a key to improving society.  Later, TCI was developed further in Europe and in India.  TCI arose from the theoretical background of psychoanalysis, of group therapy and of humanistic psychology; it takes experiences from Gestalt therapy and from group dynamics into account.  Ruth Cohn's original purpose was to "enable a healthy person to remain healthy".  Here "health" not only refers to individual well-being, but also to political responsibility in the world. Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud.  The author of several influential books, most notably "Character Analysis" (1933), "The Mass Psychology of Fascism" (1933) and "The Sexual Revolution" (1936), Reich became known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry. Cinema therapy or movie therapy is a form of supplemental therapy - like art, music and dance therapy - for medical and mental health issues.  It is also used as a form of self-help.  Cinema therapy was created and popularized by Dr. Gary Solomon, the first to write on using movies as therapy. Reichian therapy can refer to several schools of thought and therapeutic techniques whose common touchstone is their origins in the work of psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957).  Some examples are: Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), previously called rational therapy and rational emotive therapy, is a comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.  REBT was created and developed by the American psychotherapist and psychologist Albert Ellis who was inspired by many of the teachings of Asian, Greek, Roman and modern philosophers.  REBT is one form of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and was first expounded by Ellis in the mid-1950s; development continued until his death in 2007. Polly Young-Eisendrath (born 1947) is a psychologist, feminist, author, teacher, speaker, Jungian analyst, Zen Buddhist, and the founder of Enlightening Conversations: Buddhism and Psychoanalysis Meeting in Person.  She has been a featured speaker at the Aspen Ideas Festival, TED-X, and is the recipient of the Otto Weininger Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychoanalysis.  Polly Young-Eisendrath is the originator of Dialogue Therapy -- designed to help couples and others transform chronic conflict into greater closeness and development.  In 1983, Polly and her late husband, Ed Epstein, designed Dialogue Therapy as a new form of couples therapy that combined psychoanalysis, Jungian theory, psychodrama, and gender theory.  Polly published two books on Dialogue Therapy (1984 and 1993), detailing its theory and methods for clinicians and the general public.  She has now re-visioned and updated Dialogue Therapy to include the unique combination of psychodrama, Object Relations, and Mindfulness.  In 2018, Shambhala Publications will release "True Love Ways: Relationship as Psycho-Spiritual Development" that offers her vision of personal love as a spiritual path and draws on her experience of 30 years as a Dialogue Therapist and Jungian psychoanalyst.  Polly maintains a clinical practice of Jungian psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in Vermont, U.S.A.
Answer: Austrian