Question: What type of universities are both University of Pittsburgh and Rutgers University?
Context: David Bennett Madigan (born December 11, 1962) is an Irish and American statistician and academic.  He is currently the Executive Vice-President for Arts and Sciences, Dean of the Faculty, and Professor of Statistics at Columbia University.  He previously served as Chair of the Department of Statistics at Columbia University (2008-2013), Dean of Physical and Mathematical Sciences at Rutgers University (2005-2007), Director of the Institute of Biostatistics at Rutgers University (2003-2004), and Professor in the Department of Statistics at Rutgers University (2001-2007). The University of Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh Academy.  It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819.  After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908.  For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution, until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education. James Donald Anderson, Jr. (August 16, 1930 – November 20, 1976) was an American herpetologist with the American Museum of Natural History and professor of zoology at Rutgers University who did extensive fieldwork studying "Ambystoma" and other salamander species in Mexico.  He was born in Newark, New Jersey on August 16, 1930, and grew up in the nearby town of Belleville.  He attended the Rutgers University–Newark College of Arts and Sciences and earned a B.A. in zoology in 1954.  From 1954 to 1960 he was a graduate student at UC Berkeley, working under Robert C. Stebbins.  Anderson returned to Rutgers University–Newark as a faculty member in 1960, and died from injuries sustained in a car accident on November 20, 1976.  The Anderson's salamander ("Ambystoma andersoni") is named after him. WINLAB is the Wireless Information Network Laboratory, a research laboratory at Rutgers University, that is dedicated to research in a number of disciplines related to wireless communications.  It consists of a number of faculty members from the Computer Science and Electrical & Computer Engineering departments at Rutgers University and research scientists.  It is housed on a separate facility, away from the main engineering campus of Rutgers University (Busch Campus).  The lab is famous for a pioneering early work during the development of cellular networks.  It also houses the ORBIT testbed, the largest indoor wireless testbed of its kind in the world, housing more than 1200 radio nodes in a single room.  The laboratory has approximately 40 PhD students, 20 MS students, and 2 Undergraduate students advised by approximately 20 full-time professors.  WINLAB is funded by grants from its industry sponsors, the National Science Foundation, as well as Rutgers University and other agencies. The Medium is the student-run weekly entertainment and comedy newspaper at Rutgers University with the purpose of promoting the message of free speech.  It is the second largest newspaper in Rutgers University and the paper refers to itself as "The Entertainment Weekly of Rutgers University." The 1938 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1938 college football season.  In February 1938, Rutgers announced Tasker's resignation as Rutgers' football coach and his replacement by Harvey Harman.  In their first season under coach Harman, the Queensmen compiled a 7–1 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, and outscored their opponents 118 to 57.  Rutgers only loss was to NYU by a 25-6 score.  On November 5, 1938, Rutgers played its first game at the new Rutgers Stadium, built at a cost of $1 million.  Playing in front of a crowd of 22,500, Rutgers won the game, 20-18, against Princeton, marking the first time Rutgers had defeated a Princeton team since the two schools played the first college football game in 1869.  In the final game of the 1938 season, Rutgers defeated Lafayette to win the Middle Three championship. The President of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (informally called Rutgers University) is the chief administrator of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.  Rutgers was founded by clergymen affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church in 1766 as "Queen's College" and was the eighth-oldest of nine colleges established during the American colonial period.  Before 1956, Rutgers was a small liberal arts college and became a full university in 1924 with the offering of graduate degree programs and the establishment of professional schools. Today, Rutgers is a public research university with three campuses in the state located in New Brunswick and Piscataway, Newark, and Camden.  The state's flagship university with approximately 65,000 students and employing 20,000 faculty and staff members, Rutgers is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ( ), commonly referred to as Rutgers University, Rutgers, or RU, is an American public research university and the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey. The 2011 Rutgers Tuition Protests were a series of primarily student-led public education reform initiatives at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.  Faced with rising education costs, diminished state subsidies and the possibility of a non-existent tuition cap, campus groups (including the Rutgers Student Union, the Rutgers One Coalition and the Rutgers University Student Assembly (RUSA), supported by New Jersey United Students (NJUS), mobilized to keep the increase in annual student financial obligation to a minimum through marches, sit-ins, letters to administration officials and forums. Rutgers–Newark is one of three regional campuses of Rutgers University, the public research university of the U.S. state of New Jersey, located in the city of Newark.  Rutgers, founded in 1766 in New Brunswick, is the eighth oldest college in the United States and a member of the Association of American Universities.  In 1945, the state legislature voted to make Rutgers University, then a private liberal arts college, into the state university and the following year merged the school with the former University of Newark (1936–1946), which became the Rutgers–Newark campus.  Rutgers also incorporated the College of South Jersey and South Jersey Law School, in Camden, as a constituent campus of the university and renamed it Rutgers–Camden in 1950.
Answer: research