Question: What was the nationality of the person who attributed much of the development of Brazil's sugar industry and cultivation to the arrival of Portuguese Jews who were forced out of Portugal during the Inquisition?
Context: Judaism in Mexico began in 1519 with the arrival of "Conversos", often called "Marranos" or “Crypto-Jews,” those forcibly converted to Catholicism and became subject to the Spanish Inquisition.  Over the colonial period (1521-1821), a number came to Mexico especially during the period of the Iberian Union (1580-1640), when Spain and Portugal were ruled by the same monarch.  That political circumstance allowed freer movement by Portuguese crypto-Jewish merchants into Spanish America.  When the Portuguese won their independence from Spain in 1640, Portuguese merchants in New Spain were prosecuted by the Mexican Inquisition.  When the monopoly of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico was replaced with religious toleration during the nineteenth-century Liberal reform, Jews could openly immigrate to Mexico.  They came from Europe and later from the crumbling Ottoman Empire and what is now Syria continuing into the first half of the 20th century. The Portuguese Inquisition (Portuguese: "Inquisição Portuguesa") was formally established in Portugal in 1536 at the request of its king, John III.  Manuel I had asked for the installation of the Inquisition in 1515 to fulfill the commitment of marriage with Maria of Aragon, but it was only after his death that Pope Paul III acquiesced.  In the period after the Medieval Inquisition, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition along with the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition. Torarica is the original capital of Suriname.  It was settled by Portuguese Jews in 1629.  One origin offered for its name is as a Portuguese coinage meaning "Opulent Torah".  The Portuguese Jews arrived via Holland and Brazil.  The name Torarica is still in use by the Torarica Group and two of its hotels: Royal Torarica and Torarica Hotel & Casino. American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, whether by religion, ethnicity or nationality.  The current Jewish community in the United States consists primarily of Ashkenazi Jews, who comprise about 90% of the American Jewish population.  Most American Ashkenazim are US-born, with a dwindling number of now elderly earlier immigrants, as well as some more recent foreign-born immigrants.  During the colonial era, prior to the mass immigration of Ashkenazim, Spanish and Portuguese Jews represented the bulk of America's then small Jewish population, and while their descendants are a minority today, they along with an array of other Jewish communities represented the remainder of American Jews, including other more recent Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, various other ethnically Jewish communities, as well as a smaller number of converts to Judaism.  The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, encompassing the full spectrum of Jewish religious observance. The Portugees-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (PIK) (Portuguese Israelite Religious Community) is the community for Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands.  Sephardic Jews have been living in the Netherlands since the 16th century with the forced relocation of Spanish but above all Portuguese Jews from their home countries due to the Inquisition.  Nowadays some 270 families are connected to the PIK, also sometimes called PIG, which stands for Portugees-Israëlitische Gemeente (Portuguese Israelite Congregation). As a result of the Alhambra Decree of 1492 and the Holy Office of the Inquisition, many Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews) left the Iberian peninsula at the end of the 15th century and throughout the 16th century, in search of religious freedom.  Some migrated to the newly independent Dutch provinces which welcomed the Sephardic Jews.  Many of the Jews who left for the Dutch provinces were crypto-Jews, persons who had converted to Catholicism but continued to practice Judaism in secret.  After they had settled in the safety of the Netherlands, many of them 'returned' fully to practice of the Jewish religion. The Suikerbond ("Sugar Union") was a trade union for European workers in the sugar industry in the Dutch East Indies.  The organization was founded on 14 March 1907 in Surabaya, as the "Bond van Geëmployeerden in de Suikerindustrie in Nederlandsch-Indië" ("Union of those employed in the sugar industry in the Netherlands Indies"). One of the two strongest unions for Europeans, in the early 1920s, during a wave of strikes by factory workers (many of whom were organized in Communist trade unions), the Suikerbond had been "bought off" by the sugar industry which had raised wages for European workers.  In 1921 the organization founded its own newspaper, "De Indische Courant", which was run by the union's president, W. Burger, and appears in two editions on the island of Java; initially leaning social-democratic, under pressure from union members a more conservative editor in chief was installed.  By 1922 the organization numbered over 3800 members and had a strike fund of a half a million guilders. The history of the Jews in Brazil is a rather long and complex one, as it stretches from the very beginning of the European settlement in the new continent.  Although only baptized Christians were subject to the Inquisition, Jews started settling in Brazil when the Inquisition reached Portugal, in the 16th century.  They arrived in Brazil during the period of Dutch rule, setting up in Recife the first synagogue in the Americas, as early as 1636.  Most of those Jews were Sephardic Jews who had fled the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal to the religious freedom of the Netherlands.  In his "The Wealth of Nations", Adam Smith attributed much of the development of Brazil's sugar industry and cultivation to the arrival of Portuguese Jews who were forced out of Portugal during the Inquisition.  (See History of Pernambuco#Jews in Pernambuco). Adam Smith {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (16 June 1723 NS – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author.  He was a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.  He is best known for two classic works: "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" (1759), and "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776).  The latter, usually abbreviated as "The Wealth of Nations", is considered his "magnum opus" and the first modern work of economics. The first Jewish settlement in what became the United States was in Dutch New Amsterdam, which is now known as New York City.  The first significant group of Jews to come to New York, then the colony New Amsterdam, came in September 1654 as refugees from Recife, Brazil.  Portugal had just conquered Brazil from the Netherlands and the Spanish and Portuguese Jews there promptly fled.  Most went to Amsterdam in the Netherlands but 23 headed for New Amsterdam instead.  They were greeted by some Ashkenazi Jews who had preceded them by just a few weeks, and by governor Peter Stuyvesant who was at first unwilling to accept them.  Jewish stockholders in the Dutch West India Company convinced the company to pressure the governor into accepting the arrivals, but the latter still imposed numerous restrictions and taxes on his Jewish subjects.  Eventually, many of these Jews left.
Answer: Scottish