Question: When was the American entrepreneur and engineer died based on who's patent modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system?
Context: Kingsland v. Dorsey, 338 U.S. 318 (1949), like "Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co.", is another patent fraud decision of the United States Supreme Court growing out of the antitrust cartel case described in "Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States".  "Kingsland" is widely quoted for its statement that the prosecution of patent applications in the Patent Office "requires the highest degree of candor and good faith" because the Patent Office "must rely upon [patent attorneys'] integrity and deal with them in a spirit of trust and confidence. An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, store, and use electric power.  An example of an electric power system is "the grid" that provides power to an extended area.  An electrical grid power system can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centres to the load centres, and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries.  Smaller power systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings and homes.  The majority of these systems rely upon three-phase AC power—the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world.  Specialised power systems that do not always rely upon three-phase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean liners and automobiles. The driver's brake valve is a complicated valve system for controlling the compressed air brake of a railway vehicle.  Depending on its setting, it controls whether the brake pipes of a compressed air brake are evacuated and thus whether braking is applied or maintained; or if the brake pipes are connected to a compressed air reservoir, it controls whether the brakes are released again or remain released. A railway air brake is a railway brake power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium.  Modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system that is based upon a design patented by George Westinghouse on March 5, 1868.  The Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention.  In various forms, it has been nearly universally adopted. The Manchester Pullman was a first-class-only Pullman passenger train operated by British Rail, targeted at business travellers.  The service began in 1966, operating between and , and offered an at-seat restaurant service to all passengers.  It was hauled by 25 kV AC electric locomotives between the British Rail Class 81 and British Rail Class 86 range.  The rolling stock had several peculiarities, one being it had the vacuum brake system, so it could not be hauled by the British Rail Class 87 when they were introduced during the later life of the train as they were air brake only locomotives.  It replaced the Midland Pullman (operated by the diesel Blue Pullman units) upon completion of the electrification of the West Coast Main Line.  There was also a less successful 'sister' Liverpool Pullman service that ran between London Euston and . The vacuum brake is a braking system employed on trains and introduced in the mid-1860s.  A variant, the automatic vacuum brake system, became almost universal in British train equipment and in countries influenced by British practice.  Vacuum brakes also enjoyed a brief period of adoption in the United States, primarily on narrow-gauge railroads. Its limitations caused it to be progressively superseded by compressed air systems starting in the United Kingdom from the 1970s onward.  The vacuum brake system is now obsolete; it is not in large-scale usage anywhere in the world, other than in South Africa, largely supplanted by air brakes. George Westinghouse Jr. (October 6, 1846 – March 12, 1914) was an American entrepreneur and engineer who invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry, gaining his first patent at the age of 19.  Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for much of his career, Westinghouse was one of Thomas Edison's main rivals in the early implementation of the American electricity system.  Westinghouse's electricity distribution system, based on alternating current, ultimately prevailed over Edison's insistence on direct current.  In 1911 Westinghouse received the AIEE's Edison Medal "For meritorious achievement in connection with the development of the alternating current system." Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles.  This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid, air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the hydraulic pressure that can be developed within the system.  The same methods used for bleeding are also used for purging, where the old fluid is replaced with new fluid, which is necessary maintenance. George W. Cannon was an American inventor from New York.  He is best known for the invention of the mechanical dumbwaiter.  Cannon first filed for the patent of a brake system (US Patent no. 260776) that could be used for a dumbwaiter on January 6, 1883.  He later filed for the patent on the mechanical dumbwaiter (US Patent No. 361268) on February 17, 1887.  He is reported to have generated a vast amount of money from royalties from his dumbwaiter patents until his death in 1897. An air brake or, more formally, a compressed air brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on a piston is used to apply the pressure to the brake pad needed to stop the vehicle.  Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple trailers which must be linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers in addition to their use in railroad trains.  George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service.  He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872.  Westinghouse made numerous alterations to improve his air pressured brake invention, which led to various forms of the automatic brake.  In the early 20th century, after its advantages were proven in railway use, it was adopted by manufacturers of trucks and heavy road vehicles.
Answer: March 12, 1914