Question: Which spread of language, people, and culture did the People's Libraries Society aim to revert?
Context: Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.  It was a central plank of German conservative thinking in the 19th and 20th centuries, at a period when conservatism and nationalism went hand-in-hand.  In linguistics, Germanisation also occurs when a word from the German language is adopted into a foreign language. People's Libraries Society (Polish: "Towarzystwo Czytelni Ludowych" , "TCL") was an educational society established in 1880 for the Prussian partition of Poland (active in the regions of Greater Poland or the Grand Duchy of Poznan, Pomerania, West Prussia, Kashubia and Silesia).  Its main goal was to promote education in Polish language among the people, especially the lower classes, and to revert the Germanisation practices of the Prussian authorities.  The society established a network of libraries, reading rooms and organized speeches.  It was active till the outbreak of World War II in 1939. Apurinã (Ipurina) is a Southern Maipurean language spoken by the Apurinã people of the Amazon basin.  It has an active–stative syntax.  Apurinã is a Portuguese word used to describe the Popikariwakori people and the language they speak (Facundes 34, 2000).  Apurinã indigenous communities are predominantly found along the Purus river in the Northwestern Amazon region in Brazil, in the Amazonas state (Pickering 2, 2009).  Its population is currently spread over twenty-seven different indigenous lands along the Purus river (Apurinã PIB).  with an estimated population of 9,500 people in total.  It is predicted however that less than 30% of the Apurinã population is able to speak the language fluently (Facundes 35, 2000).  A definite number of speakers cannot be firmly determined due to a regional scattered presence of its people.  The spread of Apurinã speakers to different regions was due initially to conflict or disease, which consequently led natives to lose the ability to speak the language due to lack of practice and interactions with other communities.  Secondly, as a consequence of violence and oppression towards indigenous people, some natives and descendants choose to not identify themselves as indigenous further reducing the number of people that are categorized as speaking the language (Facundes 23, 2000).  The consequence of this low transmission and cultivation of the language results is the risk of endangerment.  The endangerment level of Apurinã is currently at level 3 (Facundes 4, 2000), meaning that although adults still speak the language, children are no longer being exposed to it and are being taught Portuguese or Spanish instead.  This could consequently lead to a further reduction in the number of people that speak the language over the years and eventually lead it go become extinct. The Art Libraries Society of North America (also known as ARLIS/NA) was founded in 1972.  It is an organization made up of approximately 1,000 art librarians, library students and visual resource professionals. The Contemporary Artists' Books Conference (CABC) was started in 2008 by the New York Chapter of the Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS/NY) in collaboration with the NY Art Book Fair.  It has been held annually during the Fair as part of its special programming. The European Day of Jewish Culture is an event celebrated in several countries in Europe.  The aim of this day is to organize activities related to Jewish culture and expose them to the public, with the intention that it would reveal the cultural and historical heritage of the Jewish people.  The activities are coordinated by the European Association for the Preservation and Promotion of Jewish Culture (AEPJ), the European Council of Jewish Communities, B'nai B'rith Europe and the Network of Jewish Quarters in Spain.  The aim of this day is to promote and raise awareness of Jewish culture to the wider society in the countries where this event takes place, in the belief that a greater awareness of the culture, tradition and life of the different communities living in the same country or city helps people to know the "other", and thus, strengthens communication and dialogue between cultures in the country. Cultural policy is the government actions, laws and programs that regulate, protect, encourage and financially (or otherwise) support activities related to the arts and creative sectors, such as painting, sculpture, music, dance, literature, and filmmaking, among others and culture, which may involve activities related to language, heritage and diversity.  The idea of cultural policy was developed at UNESCO in the 1960s.  Generally, this involves governments setting in place processes, legal classifications, regulations, legislation and institutions (e.g., galleries, museums, libraries, opera houses, etc.) which promote and facilitate cultural diversity and creative expressions in a range of art forms and creative activities.  Cultural policies vary from one country to another, but generally they aim to improve the accessibility of arts and creative activities to citizens and promote the artistic, musical, ethnic, sociolinguistic, literary and other expressions of all people in a country.  In some countries, especially since the 1970s, there is an emphasis on supporting the culture of Indigenous peoples and marginalized communities and ensuring that cultural industries (e.g., filmmaking or TV production) are representative of a country's diverse cultural heritage and ethnic and linguistic demographics. The Art Libraries Society (ARLIS) is the professional organisation for people involved in providing library and information services in the visual arts. Władysław Niegolewski (1819, in Włościejewki – 1885) was a Polish liberal politician and member of parliament, insurgent in Greater Poland Uprising 1846, Greater Poland Uprising 1848 and January Uprising 1863, cofounder of Central Economic Society (TCL) in 1861 and People's Libraries Society (CTG) in 1880. Alice Lougee Hagemeyer (born 1934) is a deaf American librarian who worked to make libraries more accessible for deaf people.  She graduated from Gallaudet University in 1957.  From 1957 to 1991 she worked for the District of Columbia Public Library.  In 1974 she created Deaf Awareness Week, later called Deaf Heritage Week, in which programs about deaf culture are held in libraries.  She became the District of Columbia Public Library's first full-time "Librarian for the Deaf Community" in 1976.  Also in 1976, she earned a Masters in Library Science from the University of Maryland.  In 1979 she began The Red Notebook, which was a binder of information by and about deaf people for the Martin Luther King Memorial Library.  In 2001 the information went online, on a website called "The Red Notebook."  In 1980 she founded the unit now known as the Library Service to People who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Forum, which is a unit within the American Library Association.  In 1986 she co-founded Friends of Libraries for Deaf Action, which became an official section of the National Association of the Deaf in 1992.  She was also the chair of the National Association of the Deaf Ad Hoc Committee on National Deaf History Month and began the push to have March 13 to April 15 recognized as National Deaf History Month in the United States.  In 2006 the American Library Association and the National Association of the Deaf declared that they would recognize that time as National Deaf History Month.
Answer: Germanisation