Question: Daniel Kahneman introduced Cumulative prospect theory, his findings challenge what assumption?
Context: Thinking, Fast and Slow is a best-selling book published in 2011 by Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics laureate Daniel Kahneman.  It was the 2012 winner of the National Academies Communication Award for best creative work that helps the public understanding of topics in behavioral science, engineering and medicine. 'Capacity theory is the theoretical approach that pulled researchers from Filter theories with Kahneman's published 1973 study, "Attention and Effort" (https://www.princeton.edu/~kahneman/docs/attention_and_effort/Attention_hi_quality.pdf - bottom of page 7 of the book, page 14 of the pdf) positing attention was limited in overall capacity, that a person's ability to perform simultaneous tasks depends on how much "capacity" the jobs require.  Further researchers - Johnson and Heinz (1978) and Navon & Gopher (1979) - went further with Kahneman's study. Temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory.  Developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König, the theory emphasizes time as a critical, motivational factor.  The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety.  Thus, it incorporates primary aspects of multiple major theories, including expectancy theory, hyperbolic discounting, need theory and cumulative prospect theory.  According to Schmidt, Dolis and Tolli, Temporal Motivation Theory "may help further the understanding of the impact of time, and particularly deadlines, on dynamic attention allocation."  The Temporal Motivation Theory formula can be applied to the human behaviour, procrastination and to goal setting.  According to Lord, Diefenforff, Schmidt and Hall, the theory "models the motivating power of approaching deadlines, arguing that the perceived utility of a given activity increases exponentially as the deadline nears.  These and similar ideas have been applied to the pervasive phenomenon of procrastination". The dictator game is an experimental paradigm in psychology, similar to the ultimatum game, first developed by Daniel Kahneman and colleagues.  Experimental results offer evidence against the rationally self-interested individual (sometimes called the homo economicus) concept of economic behavior, though precisely what to conclude from the evidence is controversial. Daniel Kahneman ( ; Hebrew: דניאל כהנמן‎ ‎ , born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith).  His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. In communication studies, science communication, psycholinguistics and choice theory, anecdotal value refers to the primarily social and political value of an anecdote or anecdotal evidence in promoting understanding of a social, cultural, or economic phenomenon.  While anecdotal evidence is typically unscientific, in the last several decades the "evaluation" of anecdotes has received sustained academic scrutiny from economists and scholars such as Felix Salmon S. G. Checkland (on David Ricardo), Steven Novella, R. Charleton, Hollis Robbins, Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo, and others.  These academics seek to quantify the value of the use of c awareness of a disease.  More recently, economists studying choice models have begun assessing anecdotal value in the context of framing; Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky suggest that choice models may be contingent on stories or anecdotes that frame or influence choice.  As an example, consider Joseph Stalin's apocryphal quote: The death of one man is a tragedy, the death of millions is a statistic. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is a model for descriptive decisions under risk and crisis which was introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1992 (Tversky, Kahneman, 1992).  It is a further development and variant of prospect theory.  The difference between this version and the original version of prospect theory is that weighting is applied to the cumulative probability distribution function, as in rank-dependent expected utility theory but not applied to the probabilities of individual outcomes.  In 2002, Daniel Kahneman received the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his contributions to behavioral economics, in particular the development of Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT). In economics and decision theory, loss aversion refers to people's tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains: it's better to not lose $5 than to find $5.  Some studies have suggested that losses are twice as powerful, psychologically, as gains.  Loss aversion was first demonstrated by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. The well travelled road effect is a cognitive bias in which travellers will estimate the time taken to traverse routes differently depending on their familiarity with the route.  Frequently travelled routes are assessed as taking a shorter time than unfamiliar routes.  This effect creates errors when estimating the most efficient route to an unfamiliar destination, when one candidate route includes a familiar route, whilst the other candidate route includes no familiar routes.  The effect is most salient when subjects are driving, but is still detectable for pedestrians and users of public transport.  The effect has been observed for centuries but was first studied scientifically in the 1980s and 1990s following from earlier "heuristics and biases" work undertaken by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Steven James Bartlett (born 1945) is an American philosopher and psychologist notable for his studies in epistemology and the theory of reflexivity, and for his work on the psychology of human aggression and destructiveness, and the shortcomings of psychological normality.  His findings challenge the assumption that psychological normality should serve as a standard for good mental health.  He is the author or editor of more than 20 books and research monographs as well as many papers published in professional journals in the fields of epistemology, psychology, mathematical logic, and philosophy of science.
Answer: rationality prevailing in modern economic theory