Question: A Culă is a type of building originally made to be able to fortify the ruling class against invasions during which wars?
Context: The American Ruling Class is a 2005 dramatic documentary film written by Lewis H. Lapham and directed by John Kirby that "explores our country’s most taboo topic: class, power and privilege in our nominally democratic republic."  It seeks to answer the question, "Does America have a ruling class?"  Its producers consider it the first "dramatic-documentary-musical."  A rough-cut of the film was shown at the 2005 Tribeca Film Festival, the final version of the film was shown on the Sundance Channel in July 2007, and it had its theatrical premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in April 2008. A culă (plural: "cule"; from Turkish "kule" "tower, turret") is a semi-fortified building found in the Oltenia region of Romania with a number of examples located in the historical province of Muntenia.  They were originally built as homes for the ruling Boyar class to defend against incursions by Ottoman troops during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars or against violent raids by rebels from the south of the Danube during the eighteenth century (e.g. Osman Pazvantoğlu).  Similar constructions exist throughout the Balcans, see Tower houses in the Balkans. Class consciousness is a term used in political theory, particularly Marxism, to refer to the beliefs that a person holds regarding their social class or economic rank in society, the structure of their class, and their class interests.  It is an awareness that is key to sparking a revolution that would, "create a dictatorship of the proletariat, transforming it from a wage-earning, property-less mass into the ruling class" according to Karl Marx. The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the subsequent fall of the successor states of the Eastern Roman Empire marked the end of Byzantine sovereignty.  Since then, the Ottoman Empire ruled the Balkans and Anatolia, although there were some exceptions: the Ionian Islands were under British rule, and Ottoman authority was challenged in mountainous areas, such as Agrafa, Sfakia, Souli, Himara and the Mani Peninsula.  Orthodox Christians were granted some political rights under Ottoman rule, but they were considered inferior subjects.  The majority of Greeks were called "rayas" by the Turks, a name that referred to the large mass of subjects in the Ottoman ruling class.  Meanwhile, Greek intellectuals and humanists who had migrated west before or during the Ottoman invasions began to compose orations and treatises calling for the liberation of their homeland.  In 1463, Demetrius Chalcondyles called on Venice and “"all of the Latins"” to aid the Greeks against the Ottomans, he composed orations and treatises calling for the liberation of Greece from what he called “the abominable, monstrous, and impious barbarian Turks.”  In the 17th century, Greek scholar Leonardos Philaras spent much of his career in persuading Western European intellectuals to support Greek independence.  However, Greece was to remain under Ottoman rule for several more centuries.  In the 18th and 19th century, as revolutionary nationalism grew across Europe—including the Balkans (due, in large part, to the influence of the French Revolution)—the Ottoman Empire's power declined and Greek nationalism began to assert itself, with the Greek cause beginning to draw support not only from the large Greek merchant diaspora in both Western Europe and Russia but also from Western European Philhellenes.  This Greek movement for independence, was not only the first movement of national character in Eastern Europe, but also the first one in a non-Christian environment, like the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg (later Austrian) Empire, which was at times supported by the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Hungary and Habsburg Spain.  The wars were dominated by land campaigns in Hungary (including Transylvania and Vojvodina), Croatia and Central Serbia. Wabenzi is an Anglicization of the pejorative Bantu colloquialism WaBenzi, originally used in Kenya to refer to members of the new ruling class that superseded the colonial regime, that has come to refer to the new ruling class in any post-colonial African country.  The term usually refers to a corrupt government official, or family member of one, and derives from their being seen as driving an imported car.  "Wa" is a prefix that refers to people in some Bantu languages; "benzi" comes from Mercedes-Benz, a car perceived as prestigious.  The Anglicized form is more common than the original Bantu WaBenzi. The Korean ruling class refers to persons in contemporary South Korean society known for holding multiple offices in government, education, and the chaebol, stressing degrees from elite (especially American) universities, and reserving important positions for one another and their family members.  According to social theory, this class protects and perpetuates itself by valuing family background, prestigious education, loyalty to friends/classmates/hometown, and chaebol wealth, while those excluded from the class are unable to access these prerequisites for class membership.  Leaders of admired institutions, such as Samsung, are often insulated from criticism, but there is occasionally popular backlash against the perceived abuses of the elite class, such as the Korean Air "nut rage" scandal. The new class is used as a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet type of communism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which arose in these states.  Generally, the group known in the Soviet Union as the Nomenklatura conforms to the theory of the new class.  Earlier the term was applied to other emerging strata of the society. The Ruling Class is a 1972 British black comedy film.  It is an adaptation of Peter Barnes' satirical stage play "The Ruling Class" which tells the story of a paranoid schizophrenic British nobleman (played by Peter O'Toole) who inherits a peerage.  The film co-stars Alastair Sim, William Mervyn, Coral Browne, Harry Andrews, Carolyn Seymour, James Villiers and Arthur Lowe.  It was produced by Jules Buck and directed by Peter Medak. In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that society—the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores—so that their imposed, ruling-class worldview becomes the accepted cultural norm; the universally valid dominant ideology, which justifies the social, political, and economic "status quo" as natural and inevitable, perpetual and beneficial for everyone, rather than as artificial social constructs that benefit only the ruling class.
Answer: Ottoman–Habsburg wars