Question: Newmarket was the home of the royal who was king of Scotland from 1649 until he was deposed in what year?
Context: King Charles the Martyr, or Charles, King and Martyr, is a title of Charles I, who was King of England, of Scotland, and of Ireland from 1625 until his execution on 30 January 1649.  The title was used by high church Anglicans who regarded Charles' execution as a martyrdom.  His feast day in the Anglican calendar is 30 January, the anniversary of his execution in 1649.  The cult of Charles the Martyr was popular with Tories.  The observance was one of several "state services" removed in 1859 from the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England and the Church of Ireland.  There remain some churches and parishes dedicated to Charles the Martyr, and his cult is maintained by some Anglo-Catholic societies, including the Society of King Charles the Martyr founded in 1894. Newmarket is a market town in the English county of Suffolk, approximately 65 miles (105 kilometres) north of London.  It is generally considered the birthplace and global centre of thoroughbred horse racing and a potential World Heritage Site.  It is a major local business cluster, with annual investment rivalling that of the Cambridge Science Park, the other major cluster in the region.  It is the largest racehorse training centre in Britain, the largest racehorse breeding centre in the country, home to most major British horseracing institutions, and a key global centre for horse health.  Two Classic races, and an additional three British Champions Series races are held at Newmarket every year.  The town has been a centre for British royalty since James I, and was also a home to Charles I, Charles II and many monarchs since.  The current monarch, Queen Elizabeth, regularly visits the town to see her horses in training. Tiffin (1926 – 7 March 1931) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare, who was undefeated in a career of eight races.  Tiffin won five races in 1928 including the National Breeders' Produce Stakes at Sandown Park and the Cheveley Park Stakes at Newmarket and was the highest-rated British two-year-old of either sex.  Her three-year-old season was disrupted by illness and injury, but she won all three of her starts, proving herself the year's best sprinter with wins in the July Cup at Newmarket and the King George Stakes at Goodwood.  At her peak she was regarded as one of the fastest racehorses in the world.  At the end of her racing career she was retired to stud where she produced one foal before dying in 1931. John Balliol (  1249 – late 1314), known derisively as "Toom Tabard" (meaning "empty coat") was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.  Little is known of his early life.  After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an interregnum during which several competitors for the Crown of Scotland put forward claims.  Balliol was chosen from among them as the new King of Scotland by a group of selected noblemen headed by King Edward I of England.  Edward used his influence over the process to subjugate Scotland and undermined Balliol's personal reign by treating Scotland as a vassal of England.  Edward's influence in Scottish affairs tainted Balliol's reign and the Scottish nobility deposed him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead.  This council signed a treaty with France known as the Auld Alliance. The Eikon Basilike (Greek: Εἰκὼν Βασιλική, the "Royal Portrait"), "The Pourtrature of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings", is a purported spiritual autobiography attributed to King Charles I of England.  It was published on 9 February 1649, ten days after the King was beheaded by Parliament in the aftermath of the English Civil War in 1649. Nakhon Noi briefly occupied the throne of Lan Xang from 1582–1583 on the death of his father Sen Soulintha, who himself had been appointed as a vassal to the Toungoo Empire from 1580-1582.  Nakhon Noi took the regnal name "Samdach Brhat Chao Samdach Brhat Chao Negara Nawi Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha".  Little is known about his brief rule, it does not appear in the sources that the Burmese were at the origin of his selection to succeed Sen Soulintha and were instead informed belatedly.  If he had supporters in the royal court of Lan Xang they were few and quickly became unhappy with his rule.  Within the year the royal court had petitioned King Nanda Bayin for his removal.  According to various versions of the chronicles it is cited that Nakhon Noi “did not rule with fairness,” or keep to the religious and behavioral precepts which were traditionally required by a sovereign.  Other versions record that he simply had made enemies at court, or was perceived as illegitimate because (like his father Sen Soulintha) he was of common origins.  Either at the hands of the royal court, or the Burmese, Nakhon Noi was deposed, arrested, and returned to Pegu.  After Nakhon Noi was deposed a period of interregnum occurred from 1583-1591 which historian Paul Le Boulanger describes as a period of “absolute confusion,” among the factions at court.  The chronicles again agree that it was only after the period of succession crisis that a petition was finally sent in 1591 to Nanda Bayin by the Lao sangha and Lan Xang court asking for Prince No Muang, the son and legitimate heir of Setthathirath, to be appointed as king.  Nanda Bayin confirmed the request and Prince No Muang would take the throne as Nokeo Koumane and reign Lan Xang from 1591-1596. Easton (1931 – after 1950) was a French-bred, Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.  After winning two minor races in France he made an immediate impact on his British debut when finishing second to Colombo in the 2000 Guineas.  He was then bought by Lord Woolavington and transferred permanently to England.  He finished second to Windsor Lad in a very strong renewal of the Epsom Derby and third in the Grand Prix de Paris before winning the Grand International d'Ostend in Belgium and the Select Stakes at Newmarket.  In the following year he won highly-competitive races at Lingfield and Newmarket before being beaten in a rematch with Windsor Lad for the Coronation Cup.  He was retired from racing after winning the Ribblesdale Stakes at Royal Ascot.  He made little impact as a breeding stallion in Europe but sired some good winners in the United States. The Commonwealth and Protectorate (1649-1660) refers to the kingless governments of England (including Wales and Cornwall), Scotland, Great Britain and Ireland during the Interregnum between the actual reigns of the Stuart King Charles I (1625-1649) and his son King Charles II (1660-1685). The Royal Banner of the Royal Arms of Scotland, also known as the Royal Banner of Scotland, or more commonly the Lion Rampant of Scotland, and historically as the Royal Standard of Scotland, (Scottish Gaelic: "Bratach rìoghail na h-Alba" , Scots: "Ryal banner o Scotland" ) or Banner of the King of Scots, is the Royal Banner of Scotland, and historically, the Royal Standard of the Kingdom of Scotland.  Used historically by the King of Scots, the banner differs from Scotland's national flag, the Saltire, in that its correct use is restricted by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland to only a few Great Officers of State who officially represent the Sovereign in Scotland.  It is also used in an official capacity at royal residences in Scotland when the Sovereign is not present. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland.  He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death.
Answer: 1651