Question: Who took the oath of allegiance and was considered to be the Old Pretender?
Context: The Oath of Allegiance of Sweden (in Swedish called "Tro- och huldhetsed" which literally translates to "Fidelity and Allegiance Oath") was an oath of allegiance to the King of Sweden that had to be taken by all senior public officeholders in Sweden before assuming office.  It was abolished when the present-day Instrument of Government came into force on 1 January 1975. The Treason Act 1743 (17 Geo.II c.39) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which made it high treason to correspond with any of the sons of James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender"), who claimed to be king of Great Britain and of Ireland.  His sons were Charles Edward Stuart ("The Young Pretender") and Henry Benedict Stuart (who, after his elder brother's death in 1788, never asserted a claim to the throne). An Oath of Citizenship is an oath taken by immigrants that officially naturalizes immigrants into citizens.  It is often the final step in this process, and is usually done in a ceremonial capacity.  An oath of citizenship is designed to be a statement of loyalty and patriotism to the new country.  In countries which retain a monarchical system of government, an oath of allegiance to the monarch is often required as well.  Adding an oath to God to the end of an oath is usually optional. Bai'at or Bay'ah (Arabic: بَيْعَة‎ ‎ ; literally a "sale" or a "transaction") is an Islamic practice of declaring on oath, one's allegiance to a particular leader.  In an Islamic religious sense, this oath is the standard procedure of pledging allegiance to an Imam, a spiritual leader, with the idea of selling oneself in exchange of the spiritual guidance given by an Imam.  It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his successors (caliphs) after him and is a practice that also forms a notable feature within Ahmadiyya Islam.  Following the death of a Caliph, the leader of the community, a pledge of allegiance is taken by the newly chosen Caliph from members of the community, based upon this prophetic model and the bay'ah is the standard procedure for entering the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.  Since 1993, a large Bay'ah ceremony of initiation for entering the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, is also held on an international scale every year during the annual gathering of the community.  The ceremony is led by the caliph at whose hand new converts take the oath of initiation, and old members of the community can reaffirm their oaths. James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII, the monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife Mary of Modena.  His Catholic father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 only months after his birth, and his Protestant older half-sister Mary II and her husband William III of Orange became king and queen.  The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Succession 1701 excluded Catholics from the British throne, and James was raised in exile. In Australia, an Oath of Allegiance or an Affirmation of Allegiance are oaths of allegiance required to be made to the monarch of Australia in some situations.  Oaths of Allegiance are usually made on a Bible, or some other book holy to the person, such as a Koran; but the person may opt to make an affirmation in lieu of an oath. The Papists Act 1716 (3 Geo.  I, c. 18) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.  The Act enabled two Justices of the Peace to tender the oaths of allegiance and supremacy and the oath of abjuration of the Pretender to any Roman Catholic whom they felt was disaffected.  Their refusal to take the oath would make them liable to the punishments of recusancy.  Also, Catholic landowners were required to register their estates with all future conveyances and wills. An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to monarch or country.  In republics, modern oaths specify allegiance to the country in general, or to the country's constitution.  For example, officials in the United States, a republic, take an oath of office that includes swearing allegiance to the United States Constitution.  However, in a constitutional monarchy, such as in the United Kingdom, Australia and other Commonwealth realms, oaths are sworn to the monarch. The Security of the Sovereign Act (1 Geo.  I. St. 2, c. 13.)  was a 1714 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  The Act required all civil and military officers; members of colleges; teachers; preachers; and lawyers to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy and of abjuration of the Pretender. The Oath of Allegiance (Filipino: "Panunumpa ng Katapatan") is an oath administered to and recited by immigrants who wish to accede to the citizenship of the Republic of the Philippines.  The current oath, based on the United States Oath of Allegiance, was first enshrined in Commonwealth Act No. 473, the Revised Naturalization Law of 1939, with the modern version enshrined in Republic Act No. 9225, the Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003.
Answer: Prince of Wales