Question: Which charitable trust owns and maintains the bridge next to the City of London School?
Context: The Bridge House Estates is a charitable trust, established in 1282 by the City of London Corporation in London, England.  It was originally established to maintain London Bridge and, subsequently, other bridges.  Funded by bridge tolls and charitable donations, the trust acquired an extensive property portfolio which made it more than self-sufficient.  As well as maintaining the bridges, the estates also makes other charitable grants through the City Bridge Trust, their grant-making arm. The City of London School, also known as CLS and City, is an independent day school for boys in the City of London, England, on the banks of the River Thames next to the Millennium Bridge, opposite Tate Modern.  It is the brother school of the City of London School for Girls and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC). A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes and, in some jurisdictions, a more specific term than "charitable organization".  A charitable trust enjoys a varying degree of tax benefits in most countries.  It also generates good will.  Some important terminology in charitable trusts is the term ‘corpus’ (Latin for ‘body’) which refers to the assets with which the trust is funded and the term ‘donor’ which is the person donating assets to a charity. The Millennium Bridge, officially known as the London Millennium Footbridge, is a steel suspension bridge for pedestrians crossing the River Thames in London, linking Bankside with the City of London.  It is located between Southwark Bridge and Blackfriars Railway Bridge.  It is owned and maintained by Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation.  Construction began in 1998, and it initially opened in June 2000. A life insurance trust is an irrevocable, non-amendable trust which is both the owner and beneficiary of one or more life insurance policies.  Upon the death of the insured, the trustee invests the insurance proceeds and administers the trust for one or more beneficiaries.  If the trust owns insurance on the life of a married person, the non-insured spouse and children are often beneficiaries of the insurance trust.  If the trust owns "second to die" or survivorship insurance which only pays when both spouses are deceased, only the children would be beneficiaries of the insurance trust. Joseph Rowntree (24 May 1836 – 24 February 1925) was a Quaker philanthropist and businessman from York, England.  Rowntree is perhaps best known for being a champion of social reform, partner and friend of Charles Booth, and his time as a chocolatier at family business "Rowntree's", one of the most important in Britain.  Even as a powerful businessman, he was deeply interested in improving the quality of life of his employees; this led to him becoming a philanthropist, pursuing many charitable causes.  In 1904 he created three trusts, the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust (JRVT) which was originally set up to build and manage the garden village of New Earswick, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust (JRCT) and the Joseph Rowntree Social Services Trust (JRSST).  The latter two were both set up to effect social reform, the difference between them being that whereas the Charitable Trust was set up as a charity, the Social Services Trust was set up as a limited company so that if necessary it would be able to undertake social and political work not legally allowed by a charitable Trust.  He suggested that only the JRVT would be permanent but in fact all the trusts are still in existence although the Social Services Trust has changed its name to the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust and with the separation of the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust from the Village Trust in 1968, there are now four trusts that exist today. Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894.  The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London, resulting in it sometimes being confused with London Bridge, situated some 0.5 mi upstream.  Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation.  It is the only one of the Trust's bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets. Charitable trusts in English law are a form of express trust dedicated to charitable goals.  There are a variety of advantages to charitable trust status, including exception from most forms of tax and freedom for the trustees not found in other types of English trust.  To be a valid charitable trust, the organisation must demonstrate both a charitable purpose and a public benefit.  Applicable charitable purposes are normally divided into categories for public benefit including the relief of poverty, the promotion of education, the advancement of health and saving of lives, promotion of religion and all other types of trust recognised by the law.  There is also a requirement that the trust's purposes benefit the public (or some section of the public), and not simply a group of private individuals. The British Motorcycle Charitable Trust (BMCT) is a Charitable Trust dedicated to promoting and supporting the preservation and restoration of British motorcycles.  Established as a Registered Charity and a Company Limited by Guarantee in 1979, the Trust aims to protect and restore rare British motorcycles and provide access to the public through a network of museums and annual motorcycle heritage events.  The Trust also provides support and resources to educational establishments, clubs and private individuals and maintains information on all aspects of British motorcycles. Lha Charitable Trust – Institute For Social Work and Education (Lha) is an award-winning, grassroots, nonprofit organization, and one of the largest Tibetan social work organizations based in Dharamsala, India.  It is the first organization that was established in exile to develop a primary focus on Tibetan social work.  The Lha Charitable Trust was founded in 1997 and is registered as a charitable trust by the Himachal Pradesh government of India.  Lha is managed by Tibetan refugees, is supported by volunteers and contributors from around the world, and serves refugees, the local Indian population and people from the surrounding Himalayan region.  In a short period of time, the organization "has grown in leaps and bounds, from a small start-up with two computers to one of largest community based Tibetan NGOs in Dharamsala."  "Lha" is a sacred Tibetan word that means "superior body" or "energy body", whereby the "Lha body" exists between the physical body and the mind.
Answer: Bridge House Estates