Question: What king of Denmark born in the year 1170 reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself?
Context: The Treaty of Berwick (also known as the Peace of Berwick or the Pacification of Berwick) was signed on 18 June 1639 between England and Scotland.  Archibald Johnston was involved in the negotiations before King Charles was forced to sign the treaty.  The agreement, overall, officially ended the First Bishops' War even though both sides saw it only as a temporary truce.  After the treaty was signed, King Charles immediately began to gather the resources he needed in order to strengthen his armies.  At the beginning of the Second Bishops' War, the agreement was broken.  After a disastrous skirmish at Kelso between the English advance guard and the Scottish Covenanter Army, the Earl of Holland fled back to the king’s headquarters at Berwick-upon-Tweed.  The Earl of Antrim failed to establish negotiations in order to bring the Irish army over.  This, along with the unsuccessful English naval campaign at Hamilton, meant that Charles was forced to sign a truce.  He conceded to the Scots the right to a free church assembly and a free parliament.  These rights were asserted (with the right to keep the existing legal structure instead of a separate parliament) along with the extension to Scotland of The Bill of Rights (which set out the conditions and powers of a monarch) in the Treaty of Union, 1707, which united England and Wales with Scotland. Valdemar II (9 May 1170 or 28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror ("Valdemar Sejr"), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.  The nickname "Sejr" is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime.  "Sejr" means "victory" in Danish. The Bishopric of Reval was created in Duchy of Estonia by Valdemar II of Denmark in 1240.  Contradictory to canon law Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark.  The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope.  During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to Teutonic Order in 1346. The Concordat of Worms (Latin: "Concordatum Wormatiense" ), sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122, near the city of Worms.  It brought to an end the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors and has been interpreted as containing within itself the germ of nation-based sovereignty that would one day be confirmed in the Treaty of Westphalia (1648).  In part this was an unforeseen result of strategic maneuvering between the Church and the European sovereigns over political control within their domains.  The King was recognised as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff").  The result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters both to the pope and to the king, for they were obliged to affirm the right of the sovereign to call upon them for military support, under his oath of fealty.  Previous Holy Roman Emperors had thought it their right, granted by God, to name Church officials within their territories (such as bishops) and to confirm the Papal election (and, at times of extraordinary urgency, actually name popes).  In fact, the Emperors had been heavily relying on bishops for their secular administration, as they were not hereditary or quasi-hereditary nobility with family interests.  A more immediate result of the Investiture struggle identified a proprietary right that adhered to sovereign territory, recognising the right of kings to income from the territory of a vacant diocese and a basis for justifiable taxation.  These rights lay outside feudalism, which defined authority in a hierarchy of personal relations, with only a loose relation to territory.  The pope emerged as a figure above and out of the direct control of the Holy Roman Emperor. Woolland is a village and civil parish in north Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale under Bulbarrow Hill 7 mi west of Blandford Forum.  In 2013 the estimated population of the civil parish was 50.  The village had a population of 76 in 2001.  The village is first mentioned in Cartularium saxonicum from the year 939 "Wonlond", the Domesday Book from the year 1086 "Winlande" and the Pipe Rolls from the year 1170 "Wunlanda".  The name is interpreted as Old English wynn-land "meadow land" or "pasture land". Hove Church (Norwegian: "Hove kyrkje" ) is a historic parish church in Vik Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway.  It is located in the village of Vikøyri on the Arnafjord, an arm of Sognefjord.  The old parish of Hove (together with Hopperstad) was abolished in 1875, and replaced by the new, united, Vik parish.  The church and parish of Vik is a part of Indre Sogn deanery in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.  The stone church was built around the year 1170.  Historians believe it was built for a wealthy man who belonged to the very upper echelon within the Norwegian aristocracy.  They say he had built this as a private chapel with seating for only about 35 people. Yi Go (? –1171) was a military ruler in Korea.  He, with many other military colonels, overthrew King Uijong in the year 1170.  When he proceeded to plan a revolt, he was murdered by Yi Ui-bang. Turpin was a 12th-century bishop of Brechin.  Turpin has come to the court of king William the Lion as early as 1170, when his name begins to appear in the charters of king William.  He was elected to the see of Brechin in 1178, probably with the backing of king William, and consecrated in 1180.  He is the first of the non-Gaelic bishops of Brechin.  His death date is not known, but it was certainly before the year 1198.  He was succeeded by another Norman called Radulphus. Year 417 (CDXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.  At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Constantius (or, less frequently, year 1170 "Ab urbe condita").  The denomination 417 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. The Kingdom of Livonia was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia.  The Russian Tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558-1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity.  On June 10, 1570 the Danish Duke Magnus of Holstein arrived in Moscow, where he was crowned King of Livonia.  Magnus took the oath of allegiance to Ivan as his overlord and received from him the corresponding charter for the vassal kingdom of Livonia in what Ivan termed his patrimony.  The treaty between Magnus and Ivan IV was signed by an oprichnik and by a member of the "zemskii" administration, the d'iak Vasiliy Shchelkalov.  The territories of the prospective new kingdom still had to be conquered, but nevertheless Põltsamaa Castle was proclaimed the future official residence of the king.  The new king Magnus of Livonia departed from Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers for the conquest of Swedish-controlled Reval.  Ivan's hope for the support of King Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed.  By the end of March 1571 Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege.
Answer: Valdemar II