Question: What wars known as the Baltic Crusades involved the Lithuanians using the Žemaitukas prominently?
Context: Tiesenhausen is the name of a Baltic German nobility family.  The origins of the family are in Lower Saxony.  During the Baltic crusades they settled in Livonia in the first half of the 12th century.  Bishops Albert of Riga and Herman of Tartu had a sister whose husband Engelbertus de Tisenhuse was the progenitor of the family in the Baltic.  After some time in southern Livonia in the early stages of occupation, Engelbertus joined his brother-in-law bishop Herman to obtain the northern Livonian country of Ugaunia around Otepää and Tartu.  It was Ugaunia where the family held its main early properties and positions.  Engelbertus' son married a daughter of the castellan of Koknese in Latgale and through this marriage, the family claims descent from indigenous princes of the Latgalians.  Some branches of Tisenhusen clan settled later to the Latvian Vidzeme holdings of Ergli and Berzaune.  From the ancestral place of Ugaunia, sons of the family managed to obtain estates in other parts of Estonia, also so-called Danish Estonia and Osilia-Rotalia, both by services and by marriages.  (Raplamaa was apparently a favorite place in northern Estonia for them to obtain estates.) The Second English Civil War (1648–1649) was the second of three wars known collectively as the English Civil War (or "Wars"), which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 and also include the First English Civil War (1642–1646) and the Third English Civil War (1649–1651). The song was sung with such intensity during the Hussite Wars, that it instilled fear throughout the enemy army, making it a weapon in itself.  One of the Imperial Crusades is believed to have fled the battlefield before the battle itself, just by hearing the Hussites singing proudly their hymn.  The hymn would be led by a Hussite priest, who would be carrying a ceremonial axe.  At the start of the 1433 war between the Polish and the Teutonic Knights of Prussia, the Hussites signed an alliance against the Germans in July 1433.  In the course of the war, they marched all the way to the Baltic sea at the town of Danzig.  The Prussian 19th-century historian, Heinrich von Treitschke, makes a clearly indignant reference to the Hussite taking of land near the Baltic Sea and to "Kdož jsou Boží bojovníci" with these words: "greeted the sea with a wild Czech song about God's warriors and filled their water bottles with brine in token that the Baltic once more obeyed the Slavs." Before 1902, The southern part of Africa that is now South Africa was under the hegemony of Great Britain.  There also were two self-proclaimed independent states: Transvaal (also known as the South African Republic) and the Orange Free State.  The British and the Boers fought two wars known as the First Boer War (1880–1881) and the Second Boer War (1899–1902).  After the second war, in which the British prevailed, the republics were incorporated into the British Empire.  On May 31, 1910, the two ex-republics and the British colonies of the Cape and Natal formed the Union of South Africa, a self-governing dominion of the British Empire. The Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate (Mark Reust) and population of Zürich in the 1520s.  It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy.  Seven cantons remained Roman Catholic, though, which led to inter-cantonal wars known as the Wars of Kappel.  After the victory of the Catholic cantons in 1531, they proceeded to institute counter-reformatory policies in some regions.  The schism and distrust between Catholic and Protestant cantons would define their interior politics and paralyse any common foreign policy until well into the 18th century. William Urban is an American historian specializing in the Baltic Crusades and Teutonic knights.  He is the Lee L. Morgan Professor of History and International studies at Monmouth College.  He served as an editor for the "Journal of Baltic Studies" from 1990 to 1994.  Prior to beginning his teaching career at Monmouth College in 1966, he taught as an Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas 1965-1966. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were religious wars undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and Western Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and to a lesser extent also against Orthodox Christian Slavs (East Slavs).  The crusades took place mostly in the 12th and 13th centuries and resulted in the subjugation and forced baptism of indigenous peoples. The Žemaitukas (plural: Žemaitukai, literally: "little Samogitian") is a historic horse breed from Lithuania.  It may be classified as a pony, due to its relatively short stature (between 131–141 centimeters at the withers).  Known from the 6–7th centuries, it was used as a war horse by the Lithuanians during the Northern Crusades and is hailed in Lithuania as part of the state's historic heritage.  Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to indigenous forest horse breeds and the Konik, a Polish breed, which were both probably descended from the Tarpan.  The breed contributed to the foundation of the Trakehner.  Once popular, the breed was brought to the brink of extinction by changing agricultural demands and World War II.  As of 2010, the total population is estimated at 400 individuals. The First English Civil War (1642–1646) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War (or "Wars").  "The English Civil War" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War (1648–1649) and the Third English Civil War (1649–1651). The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.  The most commonly known Crusades are the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule but the term "Crusades" is also applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns.  These were fought for a variety of reasons including the suppression of paganism and heresy, the resolution of conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or for political and territorial advantage.  At the time of the early Crusades the word did not exist, only becoming the leading descriptive term around 1760.
Answer: Northern Crusades