Question: What was the crime that Alfred Drefus was charged for that Émile Zola helped exonerate?
Context: Emile Zola Berman (November 3, 1902 – July 3, 1981) was an American criminal defense lawyer.  He was named after the French novelist Émile Zola (1840–1902).  During World War II he was an intelligence officer in the 10th Air Force in Burma where he received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Bronze Star.  He was discharged as a lieutenant colonel. Le Ventre de Paris ] (1873) is the third novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series "Les Rougon-Macquart".  It is set in and around Les Halles, the enormous, busy central market of 19th-century Paris.  Les Halles, rebuilt in cast iron and glass during the Second Empire was a landmark of modernity in the city, the wholesale and retail center of a thriving food industry.  "Le Ventre de Paris" (translated into English under many variant titles but literally meaning "The Belly of Paris") is Zola's first novel entirely on the working class. The Life of Emile Zola is a 1937 American biographical film about French author Émile Zola, played by Paul Muni and directed by William Dieterle.  It has the distinction of being the second biographical film to win the Oscar for Best Picture.  It premiered at the Los Angeles Carthay Circle Theatre to great success both critically and financially.  Contemporary reviews cited it the best biographical film made up to that time.  In 2000, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola ( ; ] ; 2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.  He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline "J'accuse".  Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902. L'attaque du moulin ("The Attack on the Mill") is a "drame lyrique" (opera) in four acts by the French composer Alfred Bruneau.  The libretto, by Louis Gallet with the collaboration of Émile Zola, is based on a short story by Zola (included in the collection "Les soirées de Médan").  Zola's story is about the Franco-Prussian War, but the setting of the opera was changed to the period of the French Revolution. The novel Les Mystères de Marseille by Émile Zola appeared as a serialized story in "Le Messager de Provence" in 1867, while Zola was writing "Thérèse Raquin".  As a work of his youth, it was thus also a commissioned work on which Zola cut his teeth.  In it, he himself saw the amount of will and work that he had to expend to elevate himself to the literary effort of the Rougon – Macquart novels. Portrait of Émile Zola is a painting of Émile Zola by Édouard Manet.  Manet submitted the portrait to the 1868 Salon. François Zola (1796–1847) was an Italian-born French engineer.  He built the Zola Dam in Aix-en-Provence.  His son was author Émile Zola. L'Assommoir ] (1877) is the seventh novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series "Les Rougon-Macquart".  Usually considered one of Zola's masterpieces, the novel—a study of alcoholism and poverty in the working-class districts of Paris—was a huge commercial success and helped establish Zola's fame and reputation throughout France and the world. Alfred Dreyfus (] ; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French Jewish artillery officer whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French history with a wide echo in all Europe.  Known today as the Dreyfus affair, the incident eventually ended with Dreyfus's complete exoneration.
Answer: treason