Question: Who founded the McDonnell doodlebug and the James S. McDonnell Foundation?
Context: The James S. McDonnell Foundation was founded in 1950 by aerospace pioneer James S. McDonnell.  It was established to "improve the quality of life," and does so by contributing to the generation of new knowledge through its support of research and scholarship.  Originally called the McDonnell Foundation, the organization was renamed the James S. McDonnell Foundation in 1984 in honor of its founder.  The foundation is based in Saint Louis, Missouri. The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace manufacturer based in Southern California.  It was founded in 1921 by Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. and later merged with McDonnell Aircraft in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas.  Douglas Aircraft Company largely operated as a division of McDonnell Douglas (MD) after the merger.  MD later merged with Boeing in 1997. McDonnell Park is a county park in unincorporated Central St. Louis County between the cities of Overland, St. Ann, Creve Coeur and Maryland Heights.  The park is named in honor of James S. McDonnell founder of McDonnell Douglas Aircraft. James McDonnell (born 1960) is the 32nd and incumbent Sheriff of the County of Los Angeles in California.  McDonnell was elected as L.A. County's 32nd sheriff on November 4, 2014 defeating former Undersheriff Paul Tanaka.  He replaced interim sheriff John Scott on December 1, 2014 when he was sworn in.  Previously he served as the Chief of Police in Long Beach, California and before that in the Los Angeles Police Department, reaching the rank of Assistant Chief. Elizabeth Anya Phelps is the Julius Silver Professor of Psychology and Neural Science at New York University.  She is a cognitive neuroscientist known for her research at the intersection of memory, learning, and emotion.  She was the recipient of the Social and Affective Neuroscience Society (SANS) Distinguished Scholar Award and the 21st Century Scientist Award from the James S. McDonnell Foundation, as well as other honors and awards in her field. The McDonnell Doodlebug is a light aircraft that was built to win a 1927 safety contest by McDonnell Aircraft founder, James Smith McDonnell. Stanislas Dehaene (born 12 May 1965) is a professor at the Collège de France, author, and (since 1989) director of INSERM Unit 562, "Cognitive Neuroimaging.  He has worked on a number of topics, including numerical cognition, the neural basis of reading and the neural correlates of consciousness.  Dehaene was one of ten people to be awarded the James S. McDonnell Foundation Centennial Fellowship in 1999 for his work on the "Cognitive Neuroscience of Numeracy".  In 2003, together with Denis Le Bihan, Dehaene was awarded the Louis D. Prize from the Institut de France.  In 2014, together with Giacomo Rizzolatti and Trevor Robbins, he was awarded the brain prize. McDonnell Genome Institute (The Elizabeth H. and James S. McDonnell III Genome Institute) at  Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, is one of three NIH funded large-scale sequencing centers in the United States.  Affiliated with Washington University School of Medicine and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, the McDonnell Genome Institute is creating, testing and implementing new approaches to the study of genomics with the goal of understanding human health and disease, as well as evolution and the biology of other organisms. James Smith "Mac" McDonnell (April 9, 1899 – August 22, 1980) was an American aviator, engineer, and businessman.  He was an aviation pioneer and founder of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, later McDonnell Douglas, and the James S. McDonnell Foundation. The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer based in St. Louis, Missouri.  The company was founded on July 6, 1939 by James Smith McDonnell, and was best known for its military fighters, including the F-4 Phantom II, and manned spacecraft including the Mercury capsule and Gemini capsule.  McDonnell Aircraft later merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to form McDonnell Douglas in 1967.
Answer: James Smith McDonnell