Question: What year was the first comic book published that featured character who was the villain of the later films "Batman and Robin" and "The Dark Night Rises"?
Context: The fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, has appeared in various films since his inception.  Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character first starred in two serial films in the 1940s, "Batman" and "Batman and Robin".  The character also appeared in the 1966 film "Batman", which was a feature film adaptation of the 1960s "Batman" TV series starring Adam West and Burt Ward, who also starred in the film.  Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began producing a series of feature films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989 film "Batman", directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton.  Burton and Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel "Batman Returns", and in 1995, Joel Schumacher directed "Batman Forever" with Val Kilmer as Batman.  Schumacher also directed the 1997 sequel "Batman & Robin", which starred George Clooney.  "Batman & Robin" was poorly received by both critics and fans, leading to the cancellation of "Batman Unchained". It Ain't Me Babe Comix is a one-shot underground comic book published in 1970.  It is the first comic book produced entirely by women.  It was co-produced by Trina Robbins and Barbara "Willy" Mendes, and published by Last Gasp.  Robbins and other staff members from a feminist newspaper in Berkeley, California, also called "It Ain't Me, Babe", contributed.  Many of the creators from the "It Ain't Me Babe" comic went on to contribute to the long-running series "Wimmen's Comix". Barbara Gordon is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman.  The character was created by William Dozier, Julius Schwartz, and Carmine Infantino.  At the request of the producers of the 1960s "Batman" television series, DC editor Schwartz called for a new female counterpart to the superhero Batman that could be introduced into publication and the third season of the show simultaneously.  The character subsequently made her first comic book appearance as Batgirl in "Detective Comics" #359, titled "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!"  (January 1967), by writer Gardner Fox and artist Carmine Infantino. Dark Horse Presents was the first comic book published by American company Dark Horse Comics from 1986.  It was their flagship title until its September 2000 cancellation.  The second incarnation was published on MySpace, running from July 2007 until August 2010.  A third incarnation began in April 2011, released in print form once again. Batman and Robin is an American comic book ongoing series, created by Grant Morrison and featuring Batman and Robin.  The debut of the series followed the events of "Batman R.I.P.", "Final Crisis", and "" in which the original Batman, Bruce Wayne, apparently died at the hands of DC Comics villain Darkseid and features the winner of the "Battle for the Cowl" as the new Batman.  The conclusion of "Battle for the Cowl" shows Dick Grayson ascending to the role of Batman, while Damian Wayne becomes the new Robin. Bane is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman.  The character first appeared in "Batman: Vengeance of Bane" #1 (January 1993) and was created by Chuck Dixon, Doug Moench, and Graham Nolan. Dark Night is a song by The Blasters.  It was first featured on the 1985 album "Hard Line".  The earliest offerings of the song in popular culture can be found in the 1985 episode "Whatever Works" in of the TV crime drama Miami Vice.  It experienced a resurgence in popularity after being prominently featured in the 1996 Robert Rodriguez film "From Dusk Till Dawn" as the opening and closing song.  It also featured as the main theme in the 2005 motion picture, "Dark Night". Harley Quinn (Harleen Frances Quinzel) is a fictional supervillain and occasionally antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.  The character was created by Paul Dini and Bruce Timm, and first appeared in "" in September 1992.  She later appeared in DC Comics' Batman comic books, with the character's first comic book appearance in "The Batman Adventures" #12 (Sept. 1993). Bane is the tenth episode of the second season of .  It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 10th, 1994.  It was directed by Mitch Brian and written by Kevin Altieri.  It is the first episode in the series to feature the titular villain Bane who went on to be featured in the films Batman and Robin and The Dark Knight Rises.  In comics, Bane first appeared in "Batman: Vengeance of Bane" Issue 1# in 1993. Caroline Keene "Carrie" Kelley is a fictional character from Frank Miller's graphic novels "Batman: The Dark Knight Returns" (1986) and its sequels "Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again" (2001) and "Batman: The Dark Night: The Master Race (2015-2017)."  She becomes the new Robin in "The Dark Knight Returns" when she saves Batman's life.  Later in "The Dark Knight Strikes Again", she adopts the identity Catgirl.  She was the first full-time female Robin in the history of the Batman franchise, though Julie Madison had passed off as Robin for a brief time in a Bob Kane story published in "Detective Comics" #49 in March 1941.
Answer: 1993