Question: The oldest modern lottery are run by how many jurisdictions?
Context: Deeds registration is a land management system whereby all important instruments which relate to the common law title to parcels of land are registered on a government-maintained register.  Deeds registration systems were set up to facilitate the transfer of title.  The system had been used in some common law jurisdictions and continues to be used in some jurisdictions, including most of the United States.  It is being replaced by Torrens systems in many jurisdictions.  Australia, Ireland, Hong Kong as well as most Canadian provinces have converted from Deeds registries to Torrens titles.  Some Canadian provinces have never operated a Deeds registry and have always used Torrens titles.  Other Canadian provinces which have converted from a Deeds registry to Torrens titles have operated both systems in conjunction until the Torrens system gradually superseded the Deeds registry system, as was the case in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during the 2000s.  In the Canadian province of Ontario, electronic registration led to Ontario's version of Torrens title covering almost all land, but the past deeds registration still governs some issues.  The Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island are the only provinces left which still operate a Deeds registration system. Landlord harassment is the willing creation, by a landlord or his agents, of conditions that are uncomfortable for one or more tenants in order to induce willing abandonment of a rental contract.  Such a strategy is often sought because it avoids costly legal expenses and potential problems with eviction.  This kind of activity is common in regions where rent control laws exist, but which do not allow the direct extension of rent-controlled prices from one tenancy to the subsequent tenancy, thus allowing landlords to set higher prices.  Landlord harassment carries specific legal penalties in some jurisdictions, but enforcement can be very difficult or even impossible in many circumstances.  However, when a crime is committed in the process and motives similar to those described above are subsequently proven in court, then those motives may be considered an aggravating factor in many jurisdictions, thus subjecting the offender(s) to a stiffer sentence. The Puerto Rico Lottery (Spanish: "Lotería de Puerto Rico" ) is the oldest modern lottery in the United States.  The system began in 1934 and is currently operated by the Puerto Rico Treasury Department. In the United States, lotteries are run by 47 jurisdictions: 44 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. A sex offender registry is a system in various countries designed to allow government authorities to keep track of and activities of sex offenders including those who have completed their criminal sentences.  In some jurisdictions, where sex offender registration gan, registration is accompanied by residential address notification requirements.  In many jurisdictions, registered sex offenders are subject to additional restrictions, including on housing.  Those on parole or probation may be subject to restrictions that do not apply to other parolees or probationers.  Sometimes, these include (or have been proposed to include) restrictions on being in the presence of underage persons (under the age of majority), living in proximity to a school or day care center, owning toys or items targeted towards children, or using the Internet.  Sex offender registries exist in many English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland.  Sex offender registration does not exist outside of the English-speaking world, however.  The United States is the only country with a registry that is publicly accessible; all other countries in the English-speaking world have sex offender registries only accessible by law enforcement. The clergy–penitent privilege, clergy privilege, confessional privilege, priest–penitent privilege, clergyman–communicant privilege, or ecclesiastical privilege is a rule of evidence that forbids judicial inquiry into certain communications (spoken or otherwise) between clergy and members of their congregation.  The law recognises certain communication as privileged and not subject to otherwise obligatory disclosure; for example, this often applies to communications between lawyers and clients.  In many jurisdictions certain communications between a member of the clergy of some or all religious faiths (e.g., a minister, priest, rabbi, imam) and a person consulting them in confidence are privileged in law.  In particular, Catholics are required to confess sins to priests, who are unconditionally forbidden by Church canon law from making any disclosure, a position supported by the law of many countries, although in conflict with civil law in some jurisdictions.  It is a distinct concept from that of confidentiality (see non-disclosure agreement). The anti-rape movement is a socio-political movement which is part of the movement seeking to combat violence against and the abuse of women.  The movement seeks to change community attitudes to violence against women, such as attitudes of entitlement to sex and victim blaming, as well as attitudes of women themselves such as self-blame for violence against them.  It also seeks to promote changes to rape laws or laws of evidence which enable rapists from avoid penalties because, for example, victims are discouraged from reporting assaults against them, or because the rapist is entitled to some immunity or because a rapist (as a defendant) is capable in law of denigrating the victim.  The movement has been successful in many jurisdictions, though many of these attitudes still persist in some jurisdictions, and despite changes to laws and significant increases in reporting of such assaults, in practice violence against women still persists at unacceptable high levels. Marriageable age (or marriage age) is the minimum age at which a person is allowed by law to marry, either as a right or subject to parental or other forms of consent.  Age and other prerequisites to marriage vary between jurisdictions, but marriage age is often set at 18.  Until recently, the marriageable age for women was lower in many jurisdictions than for men, but in many places has now been raised to those of men.  Most jurisdictions allow marriage at a younger age with parental or judicial approval, and some also allow younger people to marry if the woman is pregnant.  The marriage age should not be confused with the age of majority or the age of consent, though in some places they may be the same.  In many developing countries, the official age prescriptions stand as mere guidelines.  In some societies, a marriage by a person (usually a woman) below the age of 18 is regarded as a child marriage. A withholding tax, also called a retention tax, is a government requirement for the payer of an item of income to withhold or deduct tax from the payment, and pay that tax to the government.  In most jurisdictions, withholding tax applies to employment income.  Many jurisdictions also require withholding tax on payments of interest or dividends.  In most jurisdictions, there are additional withholding tax obligations if the recipient of the income is resident in a different jurisdiction, and in those circumstances withholding tax sometimes applies to royalties, rent or even the sale of real estate.  Governments use withholding tax as a means to combat tax evasion, and sometimes impose additional withholding tax requirements if the recipient has been delinquent in filing tax returns, or in industries where tax evasion is perceived to be common. Mobile phone use while driving is common, but it is widely considered dangerous due to its potential for causing distracted driving and accidents.  Due to the number of accidents that are related to conducting calls on a phone while driving, some jurisdictions have made the use of calling on a phone while driving illegal.  Many jurisdictions have enacted laws to ban handheld mobile phone use.  Nevertheless, many jurisdictions allow use of a hands-free device.  Driving while using a hands-free device is not safer than using a handheld phone to conduct calls, as concluded by case-crossover studies, epidemiological, simulation, and meta-analysis.  In some cases restrictions are directed only at minors, those who are newly qualified license holders (of any age), or to drivers in school zones.  In addition to voice calling, activities such as texting while driving, web browsing, playing video games, or phone use in general can also increase the risk of an accident.
Answer: 47