Question: What year was the book that inspired the short silent film Esmeralda published?
Context: The Work Habit is a 1913 short silent film, starring Lionel Barrymore in the early days of his film career in his second or fifth year of film (unknown if Barrymore's film appearance was in 1908 or 1911).  The film is lost. Esmeralda (French: "Esméralda" ) is a 1905 French short silent film based on the novel "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" written by Victor Hugo.  It was directed by Alice Guy-Blaché and Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris ) is a French Romantic/Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831.  The original French title refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered.  English translator Frederic Shoberl named the novel "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" in 1833 because at the time, Gothic novels were more popular than Romance novels in England.  The story is set in Paris, France in the Late Middle Ages, during the reign of Louis XI. The Laboratory of Mephistopheles (French: Le Cabinet de Méphistophélès ), initially released in Britain and America as Laboratory of Mephistopheles and also known as The Cabinet of Mephistopheles and The Devil's Laboratory, was an 1897 short silent film directed by Georges Méliès, loosely inspired by the Faust legend.  The film has been cited both as the first Faustian film and as Méliès's first literary adaptation. Saturday's Lesson is a 1929 "Our Gang" short silent comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan.  Produced by Hal Roach and released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was the 93rd "Our Gang" short to be released, and the final silent film in the series.  As with two previous silent "Our Gang" shorts, "Little Mother" and "Cat, Dog & Co.", "Saturday's Lesson" was withheld until after several sound "Our Gang" films had been released. In the Firelight is a 1913 American silent short silent film directed by Thomas Ricketts and based on a poem written by Marc Edmund Jones.  The film stars Charlotte Burton, William Bertram, Ed Coxen, and George Field.  Most of the supporting cast were one-off actors including Mabel Marmer and William Brumburg, Dolly Lester, and Abbott Lindsey. The Young Millionaire is a 1912 short silent film drama.  The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Joyce who were acting together in their third film that year, having already starred in The Street Singer and The County Fair.  It was the third film of Earle Foxe, aged seventeen. A Desperate Chance is a 1913 American short silent film drama directed by Kenean Buel.  The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister in the lead roles.  The film featured the same cast and director as the preceding film that year, "A Sawmill Hazard". Satan in Prison (French: "Satan en prison" ) is a 1907 short silent film directed by and starring Georges Méliès.  The five-minute silent was produced by his Star Film Company.  It was released in the United States in November 1907.  The film was the last in a series of films in which Méliès appeared as Satan, described as a "perfect capstone to the screenings".  Méliès had formally been a successful magician and stage performer and he found the Devil to be the perfect character to perform magic in his films.  Despite all efforts, no actor behind the Devil character has ever been recognized. Justus D. Barnes (October 2, 1862 – February 6, 1946) was an American stage and silent film actor.  Barnes is best known for his role as an outlaw in the 1903 short silent Western, "The Great Train Robbery".
Answer: 1831