Question: Which was an air force officer and an ESA astronaut, Claude Nicollier or Roberto Vittori?
Context: Guion Stewart Bluford Jr., Ph.D. (born November 22, 1942), (Col, USAF, Ret.) , is an American aerospace engineer, retired U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut, who was the first African American in space.  Before becoming an astronaut, he was an officer in the U.S. Air Force, where he remained while assigned to NASA, rising to the rank of Colonel.  He participated in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and 1992.  In 1983, as a member of the crew of the Orbiter "Challenger" on the mission STS-8, he became the first African American in space as well as the second person of African ancestry in space, after Cuban cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez. Frank, Viscount De Winne (born 25 April 1961, in Ledeberg, Belgium) is a Belgian Air Component officer and an ESA astronaut.  He is Belgium's second person in space (after Dirk Frimout).  He was the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission when he served as commander of ISS Expedition 21.  ESA astronaut de Winne serves currently as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency in Cologne/Germany (Köln). The Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) is one of the three primary commissioning sources for officers in the United States Air Force, the other two being the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and Air Force Officer Training School (OTS).  A subordinate command of the Air University within the Air Education and Training Command (AETC), AFROTC is aligned under the Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development at Maxwell AFB, Alabama.  The Holm Center, formerly known as the Air Force Officer Accession and Training Schools (AFOATS), retains direct responsibility for both AFROTC and OTS. Robert Louis "Bob" Behnken (born July 28, 1970 in Creve Coeur, Missouri) is a United States Air Force officer, NASA astronaut and former Chief of the Astronaut Office.  Behnken holds a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering and holds the rank of Colonel in the U.S. Air Force.  Col. Behnken has logged over 1,000 flight hours in 25 different aircraft.  He flew aboard Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-130 as a Mission Specialist, accumulating over 378 hours in space, including 19 hours of spacewalk time.  Behnken was also assigned as Mission Specialist 1 to the STS-400 rescue mission.  He is married to fellow astronaut K. Megan McArthur. 37022 Robertovittori (2000 UT1) is a main-belt asteroid discovered on October 22, 2000 by F. Manca and Graziano Ventre at Sormano.  It is named after Roberto Vittori, an Italian astronaut who flew on multiple missions to the International Space Station. Lieutenant General George Peach Taylor Jr.  USAF (Ret.)  (born 1953) was the 18th Surgeon General of the United States Air Force, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. General Taylor served as the senior Air Force officer responsible for comprehensive management of the Air Force Medical Service.  In this capacity, he advises the Secretary of the Air Force and Air Force Chief of Staff, as well as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, on matters pertaining to the medical aspects of the air expeditionary force and the health care of 2.6 million Air Force beneficiaries.  The Surgeon General has authority to commit resources for the Air Force Medical Service, to make decisions affecting the delivery of medical services, and to develop plans, programs and procedures to support worldwide medical service missions.  The Surgeon General exercises direction, guidance and technical management of more than 42,000 people assigned to 74 medical treatment facilities worldwide.  From September 7, 2010 - December 22, 2010 he served as the acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs NASA Astronaut Group 9 was announced on May 29, 1980, and completed their training by 1981.  This group, composed of 19 candidates, was selected to supplement the 35 astronauts that had been selected in 1978, and marked the first time that non-Americans were trained as mission specialists with the selections of ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Wubbo Ockels.  In keeping with the previous group, astronaut candidates were divided into pilots and mission specialists, with eight pilots, eleven mission specialists, and two international mission specialists within the group. Claude Nicollier (born 2 September 1944 in Vevey, Switzerland) is the first astronaut from Switzerland.  He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions.  His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999.  He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103).  During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission (previous ESA astronauts conducted spacewalks aboard "Mir", see List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999).  In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston.  Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007. Roberto Vittori (born 15 October 1964 in Viterbo) is an Italian air force officer and an ESA astronaut.  After graduating from the Italian Accademia Aeronautica in 1989, Vittori flew in the Italian Air Force.  He then trained as a test pilot in the United States. Michel Ange-Charles Tognini (born September 30, 1949 in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, Brigadier General in the French Air Force, and a former CNES and ESA astronaut who serves from 01.01.2005 to 01.11.2011 as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency.  A veteran of two space flights, Tognini has logged a total of 19 days in space.  Tognini has 4000 flight hours on 80 types of aircraft (mainly fighter aircraft including the MiG-25, Tupolev 154, Lightning MK-3 and MK-5, Gloster Meteor, and F-104).  He is fluent in English and Russian.
Answer: Roberto Vittori