Question: Maximilian, was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire, after a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by who, he was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870?
Context: The Third cabinet of Napoleon III was formed by the Emperor Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, replacing the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon at the start of the Second French Empire.  It remained in place (with various ministerial changes) until 17 July 1869, when it was replaced by the Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III.  The ministers were each accountable to Napoleon III, who was thus both head of state and head of government. During the Second French Empire, the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870), Paris was the largest city in continental Europe and a leading center for finance, commerce, fashion, and the arts.  The population of the city grew dramatically, from about one million persons to two million, partially because the city was greatly enlarged through the annexation of eleven surrounding communes.  These additions, which led to the creation of eight new arrondissements, brought the city to its present boundaries.  In 1853, Napoleon III and his prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugene Haussmann, began a massive public works project, constructing new boulevards and parks, theaters, markets and monuments, a project he continued seventeen years until his downfall. 19th-century French art was made in France or by French citizens during the following political regimes: Napoleon Bonaparte's Consulate (1799-1804) and Empire (1804-1814), the Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814-1830), the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830-1848), the Second Republic (1848-1852), the Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852-1871), and the first decades of the Third Republic (1871-1940). Juan Nepomuceno Almonte (May 15, 1803 – March 21, 1869) was a 19th-century Mexican official, soldier and diplomat.  He was a veteran of the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution.  Almonte was also a leader of Mexico's Conservatives in the 1860s and served as regent after the Second Mexican Empire was established by Napoleon III of France. Maximilian (Spanish: "Maximiliano"; born "Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph"; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.  He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph I.  After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico.  France (along with the United Kingdom and Spain, who both withdrew the following year after negotiating agreements with Mexico's democratic government) had invaded Mexico in the winter of 1861, as part of the War of the French Intervention.  Seeking to legitimize French rule in the Americas, Napoleon III invited Maximilian to establish a new Mexican monarchy for him.  With the support of the French army, and a group of conservative Mexican monarchists hostile to the liberal administration of new Mexican President Benito Juárez, Maximilian traveled to Mexico.  Once there, he declared himself Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864. The Undefeated is a 1969 American Western and Civil War era film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and John Wayne (uncredited) and starring John Wayne and Rock Hudson.  The film portrays events surrounding the French Imperial intervention in Mexico during the 1860s period of the neighboring American Civil War with the Archduke Maximilian of Austria set up as Emperor in Mexico by French Emperor Napoleon III and is also loosely based on Confederate General James Orville Shelby's factual escape to Mexico after the Civil War and his attempt to join with Maximilian's Imperial Mexican forces supported by French Imperial regiments sent by Emperor Napoleon III from Europe. The Mexican Empire (Spanish: "Imperio Mexicano" ) or Second Mexican Empire (Spanish: "Segundo Imperio Mexicano" ) was the name of Mexico under a limited hereditary monarchy declared by the Assembly of Notables on July 10, 1863, during the Second French intervention in Mexico.  It was created with the support of Napoleon III of France, who attempted to establish a monarchist ally in the Americas.  A referendum confirmed Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, as Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.  He was the only president of the French Second Republic and the head of the Second French Empire. 19th-century French literature concerns the developments in French literature during a dynamic period in French history that saw the rise of Democracy and the fitful end of Monarchy and Empire.  The period covered spans the following political regimes: Napoleon Bonaparte's Consulate (1799–1804) and Empire (1804–1814), the Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814–1830), the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830–1848), the Second Republic (1848–1852), the Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852–1871), and the first decades of the Third Republic (1871–1940). La Reforma (English: The Reform ) or the Liberal Reform was initiated in Mexico following the ousting of centralist president Antonio López de Santa Anna by a group of liberals under the 1854 Plan de Ayutla.  From the liberals' narrow objective to remove a dictator and take power, they expanded their aims to a comprehensive program to remake Mexico governed by liberal principles as embodied by a series of Reform laws and then the Constitution of 1857.  The major goals of this movement were to undermine the power of the Catholic Church in Mexico, separate church and state, reduce the power of the Mexican military, and integrate Mexico's large indigenous population as citizens of Mexico and not a protected class.  Liberals envisioned secular education as a means to create a Mexican citizenry.  The liberals' strategy was to sharply limit the traditional institutional privileges ("fueros") of the Catholic Church and the army.  The law prohibiting the ownership of land by corporations targeted the holdings of the Catholic Church and indigenous communities - confiscating Church land.  Indigenous community lands were held by the community as a whole, not as individual parcels.  Liberals sought to create a class of yeoman farmers that held land individually.  No class of individualistic peasants developed with the Liberal program emerged, but many merchants acquired land (and tenant farmers).  Many existing landowners expanded their holdings at the expense of peasants, and some upwardly mobile ranch owners, often mestizos, acquired land previously held by communities.  Upon the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of 1857, conservatives refused to swear allegiance to it and, instead, formed a conservative government.  The result was a civil war known as the Reform War or Three Years' War, waged between conservatives and liberals for three years, ending with the defeat of the conservatives on the battlefield.  Victorious liberal president Benito Juárez could not implement the envisioned reforms due to a new political threat.  Conservatives had sought another route to regaining power, resulting in their active collaboration with Napoleon III's plans to turn the Mexican Empire into a part into the main American ally of the French empire.  Mexican conservatives offered the crown of Mexico to Hapsburg archduke Maximilian.  The French invasion and republican resistance to the French Intervention in Mexico lasted from 1862-67.  With the defeat of the conservatives and the execution of Maximilian, Juárez again took up his duties as president.  In this period from 1867 to 1876, often called the "Restored Republic" liberals had no credible opposition to their implementation of the laws of the Reform embodied in the 1857 Constitution.
Answer: Napoleon III