Question: Q: The event that led to the Spanish taking control of copper production began in what year?  
Context: Copper mining in Arizona, a state of the United States, has been a major industry since the 19th century.  In 2007 Arizona was the leading copper-producing state in the US, producing 750 thousand metric tons of copper, worth a record $5.54 billion.  Arizona's copper production was 60% of the total for the United States.  Copper mining also produces gold and silver as byproducts.  Byproduct molybdenum from copper mining makes Arizona the nation's second-largest producer of that metal. The Opera Pia dei Poveri Mendicanti was a civic welfare institutional service created in Bologna, Italy, in the 16th century by a group of ruling patricians to care for sick and poor people.  The service included taking control of hostels, infirmaries, and foundling homes, as well as orphanages, which were initially controlled by confraternities.  It represented the government taking control of these privately funded institutions.  The reason the ruling elites decided to do this is because they believed they could provide more help than the confraternities.  The plan was to ameliorate the poor through discipline, education, and by finding them sufficient work; thus, helping the people escape their perpetual poverty in a modern sense. This is a List of countries by copper smelter production for 2012, figures are for either primary or undifferentiated copper production.  All figures are for 2012 unless otherwise noted. Traditional copper work in Mexico has its origins in the pre Hispanic period, mostly limited to the former Purépecha Empire in what are now the states of Michoacán and Jalisco.  The reason for this was that this was the only area where copper could be found on the surface.  After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish took control of copper production, introducing European techniques but still needed indigenous labor.  Copper work, like other crafts, was principally organized in Michoacán under Vasco de Quiroga.  It is not known when the town of Santa Clara del Cobre came to specialize in the production of copper items, but it was well established by the mid 18th century.  Copper extraction remained centered on Michoacán during the colonial period but most of the production gave out by the 19th century.  After the Mexican Revolution, copper smiths of Santa Clara were limited to working with scrap metal making pots, plates, casseroles and other containers.  Today, it remains home to hundreds of copper smiths which work in ways little changed from the colonial period and is home to the annual Feria del Cobre (Copper Fair) in August. Shaukat Aziz (Urdu: ‎ ) (born 6 March 1949 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan) is a Pakistani economist and financier who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 20 August 2004 to 15 November 2007, as well as the Finance Minister of Pakistan from 6 November 1999 to 15 November 2007.  During his childhood he studied from St Patrick's High School, Karachi.  Aziz graduated from the Institute of Business Administration in Karachi, and joined the corporate staff of the CitiBank Pakistan in 1969.  He served in various countries' governments as CitiBank financier, and elevated as executive vice-president of Citibank in 1999.  After accepting a personal request by General Pervez Musharraf, Aziz returned to Pakistan from the United States to assume the charge of the Finance Ministry as its Finance minister while taking control of the country's economy.  In 2004, Aziz was nominated by the Musharaf loyalist government led by Pakistan Muslim League (Q), for the position of Prime Minister after the resignation of Zafarullah Khan Jamali on 6 June 2004. The Honigsberger Store is a historic building located at 665 Main St. in Copperopolis, California.  Businessman L. Honigsberger built the store in 1865, replacing the original store he built in 1861.  The brick building was designed in the Neoclassical style.  The store served Copperopolis during its first copper boom in the 1860s; however, an 1867 fire and declining copper production caused Copperopolis to lose most of its population and severely diminished the store's business.  In 1905, the Honigsberger family sold the store to the Union Copper Mining Company, which became the Calaveras Copper Mining Company four years later.  The company used the store as a warehouse during another copper boom in Copperopolis from 1909 to 1929.  The store is one of only four extant buildings from Copperopolis' first copper boom in the 1860s. Peak copper is the point in time at which the maximum global copper production rate is reached.  Since copper is a finite resource, at some point in the future new production from within the earth will diminish, and at some earlier time production will reach a maximum.  When this will occur is a matter of dispute.  Unlike fossil fuels, however, copper is scrapped and reused and it has been estimated that at least 80% of all copper ever mined is still available (having been repeatedly recycled).  Copper is among the most important industrial metals, valued for its heat and electrical conductivities and malleability.  Copper is used in electrical power cables, data cables, electrical equipment, cooling and refrigeration tubing, heat exchangers, brass casing small arms ammunition, water pipes, and jewellery. A copper pesticide is a copper compound used as a pesticide or fungicide.  In the UK the Soil Association (one of the organic certification authorities) permits farmers to use some copper fungicides on organic land used for the production of certified organic crops only if there is a major threat to crops.  The compounds permitted are copper sulfate, copper hydroxide, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride, copper ammonium carbonate (at a maximum concentration of 25 g/l), and copper octanoate.  According to the Soil Association the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6kg/ha/year.  This limit is designed so that the amount of copper in the soil does not exceed the limits specified in the Soil Association standards for heavy metals. The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, beginning in February 1519, was one of the most significant events in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.  Following Christopher Columbus' establishment of permanent settlement in the Caribbean, the Spanish authorized expeditions or "entradas" for the discovery, conquest, and colonization of new territory, using existing Spanish settlements as a base. Chuquicamata ( ), or "Chuqui" as it is more familiarly known, is by excavated volume the largest open pit copper mine in the world, located in the north of Chile, just outside Calama at 2850 m above sea level, 215 km northeast of Antofagasta and 1240 km north of the capital, Santiago.  Flotation and smelting facilities were installed in 1952, and expansion of the refining facilities in 1968 made 500,000 ton annual copper production possible in the late 1970s.  The mine is owned and operated by Codelco, a Chilean state enterprise, since the Chilean nationalization of copper in the late 1960s and early 1970s.  Its depth of 850 m makes it the second deepest open-pit mine in the world (after Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States).
Answer: 1519