Question: The author of "The Stranger" wrote what essay about his life being devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism?
Context: Peter Wessel Zapffe (December 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was a Norwegian metaphysician, author, lawyer and mountaineer.  He is often noted for his philosophically pessimistic and fatalistic view of human existence—his system of philosophy in line with the work of the earlier philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, by whom he was inspired—as well as his firm advocacy of antinatalism.  His thoughts regarding the error of human life are presented in the essay "The Last Messiah" (Norwegian: "Den sidste Messias", 1933).  This essay is a shorter version of his best-known work, the philosophical treatise "On the Tragic" ("Om det tragiske", 1941). Harry Victor Jaffa (October 7, 1918 – January 10, 2015) was an American political philosopher, historian, columnist and professor.  He was the Professor Emeritus at Claremont McKenna College and Claremont Graduate University and a distinguished fellow of the Claremont Institute.  Robert P. Kraynak says his "life work was to develop an American application of Leo Strauss's revival of natural-right philosophy against the relativism and nihilism of our times." John D’Agata (born 1975 on Cape Cod, Massachusetts) is an American essayist.  He is the author of six books of nonfiction, including "The Next American Essay" (2003), "The Lost Origins of the Essay" (2009) and "The Making of the American Essay"—all part of the trilogy of essay anthologies called "A New History of the Essay."  He also wrote "The Lifespan of a Fact", "Halls of Fame," and "About a Mountain." Religion and Nothingness ("Japanese: Shūkyō to wa Nanika "; the original title translates literally as "What is Religion?")  is a 1961 book by the Japanese philosopher Keiji Nishitani, in which the author discusses nihilism.  The book was published in English translation in 1982, and received positive reviews, commending Nishitani for his understanding of both western and eastern philosophy.  The appearance of the English translation increased interest in Nishitani's ideas among philosophers. Shirzad Peik Herfeh (Persian: شیرزاد پیک حرفه‎ ‎ , ] , born: 22 February 1980, Rasht, Iran) is an Iranian philosopher, author, translator and university professor at Imam Khomeini International University.  He is best known for his Persian translation of the "Consequentialisim" written by Julia Driver and "On Adam Smith" written by Jack Russell Weinstein and many of articles he translated to Persian language from English, in the fields of philosophy; especially philosophy of morality.  Also, he is active as a manager in the "Iranian Association of Philosophy" and Institute for Research in Philosophy as a life member.  Peik Herfeh taught philosophy as a faculty member in the philosophy group of the Imam Khomeini International University, Faculty of Humanities.  Peik Herfeh also wrote a variety of articles from Iranian School and Islamic Philosophy to Western Analytic and moral philosophy which is his profession.  As an author, Shirzad Peik Herfeh wrote two books in the fields of moral philosophy which called as Borders of Ethics (Persian: مرزهای اخلاق‎ ‎ ) and Utilitarianism (Persian: فایده‌گرایی‎ ‎ ).  Both of them released in Iran in 2012 and 2015 respectively. The Meursault Investigation (French: Meursault, contre-enquête ) is the first novel by Algerian writer and journalist Kamel Daoud.  It is a retelling of Albert Camus's 1942 novel, "The Stranger."  First published in Algeria by Barzakh Editions in October 2013, it was reissued in France by (May 2014).  Its publication in France was followed by nominations for many prizes and awards. Caligula is a play written by Albert Camus, begun in 1938 (the date of the first manuscript 1939) and published for the first time in May 1944 by Éditions Gallimard.  The play was later the subject of numerous revisions.  It was part of what the author called the "Cycle of the Absurd", with the novel "The Stranger" (1942) and the essay "The Myth of Sisyphus" (1942).  A number of critics have reported the piece to be existentialist; however, Camus always denied belonging to this philosophy.  Its plot revolves around the historical figure of Caligula, a Roman Emperor famed for his cruelty and seemingly insane behavior. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (] ; 25 January 1743 – 10 March 1819) was an influential German philosopher, literary figure, socialite, and the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi.  He is notable for popularizing the term nihilism (coined by Obereit in 1787) and promoting it as the prime fault of Enlightenment thought particularly in the philosophical systems of Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Johann Fichte and Friedrich Schelling.  Instead of speculative reason, he advocated "Glaube" (variously translated as faith or "belief") and revelation.  In this sense, Jacobi anticipated present-day writers who criticize secular philosophy as relativistic and dangerous for religious faith.  In his time, he was also well-known among literary circles for his critique of the "Sturm and Drang" movement, and implicitly close associate Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and its visions of atomized individualism.  His literary projects were devoted to the reconciliation of Enlightenment individualism with social obligation. Albert Camus (] ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist.  His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism.  He wrote in his essay "The Rebel" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom.  He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957. Eugene Thacker is an author and Professor at The New School in New York City.  His writing is often associated with the philosophy of nihilism and pessimism.  Thacker’s most recent books are the "Horror of Philosophy" series (including the book "In The Dust Of This Planet") and "Cosmic Pessimism".  He received his Bachelor's degree from the University of Washington, and a PhD in Comparative Literature from Rutgers University.
Answer: The Rebel