Question: Who founded the One country, two systems used by the Government of Macau?
Context: Democratic development in Hong Kong has been a major topic since the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997.  The one country, two systems principle allows the Hong Kong government to administer all areas of government except foreign relations and (military) defence separately from the national Chinese government.  Many Hong Kong citizens became concerned about democratic development when the first Chief executive of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa appeared to have mishandled this issue.  Other democracy-related issues involving human rights and universal suffrage became the new focal point for the pro-democracy camp.  Ever since the 1950s, the Chinese government has continually threatened the British in attempting to bring any democratic developments in Hong Kong.  Attempts to bring Hong Kong citizens on to the negotiating table by the British during the Sino-Anglo discussions were rejected by Beijing in the late 1980s.  The last governor Chris Patten faced a great deal of opposition in changing the former colony's political system. "One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s.  He suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau could retain their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China uses the socialist system.  Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries. Falun Gong is a spiritual practice taught by Li Hongzhi.  Practicing Falun Gong or protesting on its behalf is forbidden in Mainland China, yet the practice remains legal in Hong Kong, which has greater protections of civil and political liberties under “One country, Two systems.”  Since 1999 practitioners in Hong Kong have staged demonstrations and protests against the Chinese government, and assisted those fleeing persecution in China.  Nonetheless, Falun Gong practitioners have encountered some restrictions in Hong Kong as a result of political pressure from Beijing.  The treatment of Falun Gong by Hong Kong authorities has often been used as a bellwether to gauge the integrity of the one country two systems model. Macau is a special administrative district (SAR) located to the southeast of mainland China.  Since Macau is using the “one country two systems” principle just like Hong Kong, acting as a special region of China, therefore it gained many benefits from the principle.  The population in Macau is approximately 582,000.  Tourism is a major industry in Macau.  It is famous for the blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures and its gambling industry, which includes Casino Lisboa, Macau, Sands Macau, The Venetian Macao, and Wynn Macau.  There are many choices of hotels and resorts since it is one of the world class tourism industry in Asia. The One Country Two Systems Research Institute (OCTS; ) is a Hong Kong think tank founded in 1990 by a group of pro-Beijing politicians.  It is registered in Hong Kong as private non-profit company with limited liability, and has been granted the status of a public interest charitable organisation by the Government of Hong Kong. The Zhou Yongjun incident was a political controversy which involved the rendition of Zhou Yongjun (周勇军), a former student activist during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, by the Hong Kong authorities to the People's Republic of China.  Zhou attempted to enter Hong Kong from the United States "via" Macau using a forged Malaysian passport.  Zhou's supporters alleged the renditioning to be illegal, and his lawyer, Democratic Party chairman Albert Ho, described Zhou's case as "posing the biggest challenge to the one country, two systems principle laid down in the Basic Law."  The Government of Hong Kong refused to comment on individual cases, and the People's Republic of China said Zhou was detained on several charges, including one of financial fraud. The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (; Portuguese: Governo da R.A.E. de Macau; conventional short name Macau Government, 澳門政府, Governo de Macau), are headed by secretariats or commissioners and report directly to the Chief Executive of Macau.  The affairs of the Government are decided by secretaries, who are appointed by the Chief Executive and endorsed by the Central People's Government (CPG) in Beijing.  As a special administrative region of the PRC, Macau has a high degree of autonomy, in light of the "One Country, Two Systems" policy.  The Macau Government, financially independent from the CPG, oversees the affairs of Macau. The Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau () is an agency of the Government of Hong Kong responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law.  The bureau is the intermediary between the HKSAR Government and the Central People's Government and other Mainland authorities under the principles of "One Country, Two Systems". United Borneo Alliance or the United Borneo Front (Not to be confused with United Sabah Alliance) is an initiative with the platform to educate the people to make a change in themselves first and ultimately to bring Sabahan and Sarawakian to better quality of life and a more progressive country, the formation of an alliance comprising State Reform Party (STAR), United Sabah National Organisation (USNO), Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), Sabah-based parties and Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Sarawak-based parties which would be promoting of the "One country, two systems" just like the Hong Kong and Macau status in China. IEC 60870 part 5 is one of the IEC 60870 set of standards which define systems used for telecontrol (supervisory control and data acquisition) in electrical engineering and power system automation applications.  Part 5 provides a communication profile for sending basic telecontrol messages between two systems, which uses permanent directly connected data circuits between the systems.  The IEC Technical Committee 57 (Working Group 03) have developed a protocol standard for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for electric power systems.  The result of this work is IEC 60870-5.  Five documents specify the base IEC 60870-5:
Answer: Deng Xiaoping