Question: On what date was the cosmonaut born that is believed to have landed off-course and been held by the Chinese government?
Context: Project 571 () was the numeric codename given to an alleged plot to execute a "coup d'état" against Chinese leader Mao Zedong in 1971 by the supporters of Lin Biao, then Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party of China.  In Chinese, the numbers "5-7-1" sound like the term "armed uprising" ().  The Chinese government initially claimed that Lin Biao himself had devised Project 571, but evidence inside and outside of China has made it more likely that Lin's son, Lin Liguo, a high-ranking officer in the People's Liberation Air Force, instead developed the plot.  Any plots that may have been planned or attempted by Lin Biao or his family ultimately failed.  Lin's family attempted to flee China for the Soviet Union, but died when their plane crashed over Mongolia on September 13, 1971.  A draft copy of the Project 571 Outline was discovered following Lin's death, and was publicly circulated by the Chinese government as a means of explaining the event. Sesame Credit is a social credit scoring system being developed by Ant Financial Services Group, an affiliate of the Chinese Alibaba Group and associate of the Chinese government.  It uses data from Alibaba's services to compile its score, which include two services that have been described as the equivalents of Twitter and Facebook in China and another service that has been described as the equivalent of Amazon and eBay.  The score is used to rank citizens of China based on a variety of factors like loyalty to the Chinese government and loyalty to Chinese brands based on social media interactions and online purchases.  The rewards of having a high score include easier access to loans, easier access to jobs and priority during bureaucratic paperwork.  Likewise, the immediate negative consequences for a low score, or being associated to someone with a low score, range from lower internet speeds to being denied access to job offers, loans and bureaucratic paperwork.  The system has been labeled a mass surveillance tool and mass disciplinary machine by organizations specialized in human rights. Major General Vladimir Sergeyevich Ilyushin (Russian: Владимир Серге́евич Ильюшин ) (March 31, 1927, Moscow  – March 1, 2010) was a Soviet general and noted test pilot, and the son of aerospace engineer Sergei Ilyushin.  He spent most of his career as a test pilot for the Sukhoi OKB.  In 1961, Ilyushin was the subject of spurious rumors that he, rather than Yuri Gagarin, was the first cosmonaut in space; according to the conspiracy theory, his mission had gone badly, and the Soviet Union had covered it up.  Ilyushin was also notable as a rugby union administrator who was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame in 2013. A Chinese school () is a school that is established for the purpose of teaching the varieties of Chinese (in particular, Mandarin and Cantonese), though the purpose can vary to teaching different aspects of Chinese culture such as Chinese art, calligraphy, and martial arts.  The programs can either be an independent institution or a part of an existing educational institution.  For example, The Huaxia Chinese School in Great Valley, Pennsylvania operates independently from the Great Valley High School where it is taught.  However, some programs are part of the school curriculum and is generally a branch of the foreign language department.  According to various mission statements, many Chinese schools are purposed to preserve traditional Chinese language and culture.  In 2007, USA Today dubbed Chinese "... is the new English."  A recent trend in 2011 shows that the Chinese government has also provided funding to U.S. school districts with additional funding on top of funding they already receive from the U.S. government.  As a result, there has also been concern that the Chinese government may also be infiltrating the education system outside its borders, as some people at a school district in Columbus, Ohio feel it has done. Thaddeus Ma Daqin () (born 1968, Shanghai, China) is the Roman Catholic bishop of Shanghai.  He was appointed as auxiliary bishop with the approval of the Holy See and Chinese Government in July 2012.  He announced his resignation from the Chinese government mandated Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association at his episcopal ordination Mass, and was taken into custody as a result.  The Chinese Government has detained him under house arrest ever since (largely confined to Sheshan Seminary) and has prevented him from carrying out his episcopal duties. The Chinese Encyclopedia is an online encyclopedia controlled by the Chinese government.  While Wikipedia is blocked by the Chinese firewall, this is the Chinese alternative.  The platform is going public in 2018 with around 300,000 articles, written by 20,000 authors and scientists, controlled by the Chinese government.  Western mass media describes this as censorship and propaganda. Democratic development in Hong Kong has been a major topic since the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997.  The one country, two systems principle allows the Hong Kong government to administer all areas of government except foreign relations and (military) defence separately from the national Chinese government.  Many Hong Kong citizens became concerned about democratic development when the first Chief executive of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa appeared to have mishandled this issue.  Other democracy-related issues involving human rights and universal suffrage became the new focal point for the pro-democracy camp.  Ever since the 1950s, the Chinese government has continually threatened the British in attempting to bring any democratic developments in Hong Kong.  Attempts to bring Hong Kong citizens on to the negotiating table by the British during the Sino-Anglo discussions were rejected by Beijing in the late 1980s.  The last governor Chris Patten faced a great deal of opposition in changing the former colony's political system. Dhondup Wangchen (born 17 October 1974) is a Tibetan filmmaker imprisoned by the Chinese government in 2008 on charges related to his documentary "Leaving Fear Behind".  Made with senior Tibetan monk Jigme Gyatso, the documentary consists of interviews with ordinary Tibetan people discussing the 14th Dalai Lama, the Chinese government, the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and Han Chinese migrants to the region.  After smuggling the tapes of the interviews out of Tibet, however, Dhondup Wangchen and Jigme Gyatso were detained during the 2008 Tibetan unrest. China has the world's greatest irreligious population.  The Chinese government is officially atheist.  Despite limitations on certain forms of religious expression and assembly, religion is not banned, and religious freedom is nominally protected under the Chinese constitution.  Among the general Chinese population, there are a wide variety of religious practices.  The Chinese government's attitude to religion is one of skepticism and non-promotion.  According to a 2012 Gallup poll, 47% of Chinese people were convinced atheists, and a further 30% were not religious.  In comparison, only 14% considered themselves to be religious.  More recently, a 2015 Gallup poll found the number of convinced atheists in China to be 61%, with a further 29% saying that they are not religious compared to just 7% who are religious.  Since 1978, the constitution provides for religious freedom: "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens because they do, or do not believe in religion" (article 36).  The Chinese state officially recognizes five religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Protestantism.  In order to be a member of the Communist Party of China an individual must not have religious affiliation. The Lost Cosmonauts or Phantom Cosmonauts are subjects of a conspiracy theory alleging that Soviet cosmonauts went to outer space before Yuri Gagarin, but their existence has never been publicly acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities.  Proponents of the Lost Cosmonauts theory argue that the Soviet Union attempted to launch two or more manned space flights prior to Gagarin's, and that at least two cosmonauts died in those attempts.  Another cosmonaut, Vladimir Ilyushin, is believed to have landed off-course and been held by the Chinese government.  The Government of the Soviet Union supposedly suppressed this information, to prevent bad publicity during the height of the Cold War.
Answer: March 31, 1927