Question: Anwar Sadat was the third President of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj in 1981. Who preceded him as president?
Context: In the late 1970s, President Anwar Sadat initiated neoliberal policies in Egypt.  Following Sadat's assassination, in 1981, President Hosni Mubarak came to power and continued the economic liberalization of Egypt. The Sadat Lecture for Peace is a lecture series at the University of Maryland, College Park, which began in 1997 when the Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development was established within The Center for International Development and Conflict Management (which is associated with the Department of Government & Politics).  The Sadat Chair, currently held by Shibley Telhami, was established by Jehan Sadat in memory of her late husband, Anwar Sadat, the former President of Egypt. Infitah (Arabic: انفتاح‎ ‎ "Infitāḥ ", ] "openness") was Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's policy of "opening the door" to private investment in Egypt in the years following the 1973 October War (Yom Kippur War) with Israel.  Infitah was accompanied by a break with longtime ally and aid-giver the USSR — which was replaced by the United States — and by a peace process with Israel symbolized by Sadat's dramatic flight to Jerusalem in 1977.  Infitah ended the domination of Egypt's economy by the public sector and encouraged both domestic and foreign investment in the private sector.  The Egyptian Army's cross through the Suez canal in the October 1973/Yom Kippur War, which most Egyptians considered a strategic victory, gave Sadat the prestige to initiate a major reversal of Gamal Abdel Nasser's policies. Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj (1954-1982) was an Egyptian radical Islamist and theorist.  He led the Cairo branch of the Islamist group al-Jihad (also Tanzim al-Jihad) and made a significant contribution in elevating the role of jihad in radical Islam with his pamphlet "The Neglected Obligation" (also "The Neglected Duty").  He was executed in 1982 for his role in coordinating the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat the previous year. The assassination of Anwar Sadat occurred on 6 October 1981.  Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr, during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken back a small part of the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War.  A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from Omar Abdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the US for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.  The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Jehan Sadat (Egyptian Arabic: جيهان السادات‎ ‎ "Jihān es-Sadāt"; born 29 August 1933), a human rights activist, is the widow of Anwar Sadat, and was First Lady of Egypt from 1970 until Sadat's assassination in 1981. Khalid Ahmed Showky Al-Islambouli (Arabic: خالد أحمد شوقى الإسلامبولى‎ ‎ , ] ) (15 January 1955 – 15 April 1982) was an Egyptian army officer who planned and participated in the assassination of Egypt's third president, Anwar Sadat, during the annual 6th October victory parade on 6 October 1981.  Islambouli stated that his primary motivation for the assassination was Sadat's signing of the Camp David Accords with the State of Israel and Sadat's plan for a more progressive Egypt.  Islambouli was tried by a military tribunal, found guilty, and sentenced to death.  Following his execution, he was declared a martyr by many radicals in the Islamic world, and became an inspirational symbol for radical Islamic movements as one of the first 'modern martyrs' for Islam. Sadat is a 1983 American two-part, four-hour television miniseries based on the life and death of the late 3rd President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat starring Louis Gossett Jr. as Sadat and Madolyn Smith as Sadat's wife, Jehan.  It was distributed by Columbia Pictures Television through Operation Prime Time.  Gossett's performance earned him a nomination for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (Arabic: محمد أنور السادات‎ ‎ "Muḥammad Anwar as-Sādāt ", ]; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.  Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as President in 1970. Sadat era refers to the presidency of Anwar Sadat, the eleven-year period of Egyptian history spanning from the death of president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1970, through Sadat's assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.  Sadat's presidency saw many changes in Egypt's direction, reversing some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by breaking with Soviet Union to make Egypt an ally of the United States, initiated the peace process with Israel, re-instituting the multi-party system, and abandoning socialism by launching the Infitah economic policy.
Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser