Question: What association is names after the man Arthur König became an assistant for in 1882
Context: Cheetham was born in Hambleton, Rutland and educated at Oakham School and Christ's College, Cambridge.  He was an Assistant Tutor of his old college from 1853 until 1858; and then Professor of Pastoral Theology at King's College London until 1882, during which time he was also Chaplain of Dulwich College.  In 1879 he became Archdeacon of Southwark; and in 1882 of Rochester, a post he held until his death. Arthur Bartholomew English was a British man who became Canada's hangman in 1912, when he was officially offered the job.  Prior to this he had been an assistant to John Radclive, a veteran of twenty years of hangings.  English served in this capacity until 1935.  He probably used the pseudonym of Arthur Ellis after the famous English executioner, John Ellis: there is no truth in the story that John Ellis was his uncle, as John Ellis only had one brother, James Preston who was born in 1887, and therefore would have been only 25 when Arthur Ellis started his career.  It is estimated that English carried out more than 600 hangings over his career.  Several of his successors adopted the same pseudonym. The Gannochy trust is a charitable organisation which is based and operates in Scotland with a preference for projects in Perth and Kinross.  The trust was founded in 1937 by influential Perth business man Arthur Kinmond Bell, known as A. K. Bell, of Arthur Bell & Sons Ltd. After graduating from the University of Breslau in 1882, he became an assistant to Moritz Traube (1826-1894) in his laboratory at Breslau.  Afterwards, he served as a pharmacology assistant in Bonn (1883–86) and later worked at the mineralogical institute in Clausthal (1887–1899).  From 1897 to 1899 he worked at the institute of physical chemistry in Göttingen, and in 1899 became a professor of chemistry in Braunschweig.  He was in line to succeed Walther Nernst (1864-1941) as chair of physical chemistry at the University of Göttingen, however Bodländer died at the age of 49 prior to attaining the position. William W. Morrow (July 15, 1843 – July 24, 1929) was a US Representative from California from 1885–1891.  Born near Milton, Wayne County, Indiana, he moved with his parents to Adams County, Illinois in 1845, attended the common schools and received private instruction.  He moved to Santa Rosa, California, in 1859, taught school and explored mining regions.  Morrow went East in 1862 to join the Union Army and served in the National Rifles of the District of Columbia.  While in the Army of the Potomac he was appointed a special agent of the United States Treasury Department in January, 1865, and was detailed to California.  He remained there and was employed during the next four years in confidential positions under the Secretary of the Treasury.  Morrow studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and commenced practice in San Francisco.  He was assistant United States Attorney for California from 1870–1874, assisted in organizing the San Francisco Bar Association in 1872 and served as its president in 1892 and 1893.  Morrow served as chairman of the Republican State central committee of California 1879–1882, attorney for the State board of harbor commissioners from 1880–1883, and also special United States attorney before the French and American Claims Commission 1881–1883, and before the Alabama Claims Commission 1882–1885.  He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884, elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891).  Morrow was not a candidate for renomination in 1890. Arthur Peter König (September 13, 1856, Krefeld – October 26, 1901, Berlin) devoted his short life to physiological optics.  Born with congenital kyphosis he studied in Bonn and Heidelberg, moving to Berlin in the fall of 1879 where he studied under Hermann von Helmholtz, whose assistant he became in 1882.  After obtaining a doctoral degree in 1882 he qualified for a professorial position in 1884.  In 1890 he became director of the physical department of the Physiological Institute of the University of Berlin.  In the same year he married Laura Köttgen with whom he had a son, Arthur, who became an astronomer.  Circulatory problems caused by his kyphosis resulted in his premature death in 1901. Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions in several scientific fields.  The largest German association of research institutions, the Helmholtz Association, is named after him. Arthur Ringland (1882–1981) is best known as the principal founder of CARE.  Ringland began his lifelong government career in 1900 when he joined the U.S. Forest Service where he helped establish the national park and national forest system.  Between 1900 and 1945, Arthur Ringland led a variety of government programs that ranged from conservation work to refugee relief.  In 1945 he originated the concept of the private voluntary organization that became CARE.  A principal aspect of that work was persuading the government to provide ships to transport food packages that had been donated for the needy in Europe.  He thus became known as "the father of CARE," and was honored for his efforts by the United Nations in 1958. Justus Thorner (March 2, 1848 - October 10, 1928) was the owner of the Cincinnati Red Stockings baseball team from 1882 through 1883 , and a major player in the formation of the American Association.  Prior to 1882, Thorner had owned the Cincinnati ballclub in the National League.  After the 1880 season, Thorner's club was expelled from the league.  The Reds were consistent losers on the field (last place in 1880) and at the box office, and while the rest of the owners wanted changes banning Sunday baseball and beer selling at the park, Cincinnati objected, saying too much of the club's revenue would be lost.  This expulsion spurred the creation of the new American Association.  Thorner took ownership of the AA's Cincinnati franchise and in 1882 his team won that league's first pennant.  After the 1883 season, he became owner of the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association.  Thorner was succeeded as owner of the Cincinnati American Association franchise by Aaron S. Stern. This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom held between 1868 and 1885, with the names of the previous incumbent and the victor in the by-election and their respective parties.  Where seats changed political party at the election, the result is highlighted: light blue for a Conservative gain, orange for a Liberal (including Liberal-Labour and Liberal/Crofter) gain, light green for a Home Government Association (1870–1873), Home Rule League (1873–1882) or Irish Parliamentary Party (from 1882) gain and grey for any other gain.
Answer: Helmholtz Association