Question: Which permanent dutch settlement in New Netherland was abandoned by the English in 1676 in favor of the newer Fort Frederick located in Albany, New York?
Context: Fort Orange (Dutch: "Fort Oranje" ) was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland; the present-day city of Albany, New York developed at this site.  It was built in 1624 as a replacement for Fort Nassau, which had been built on nearby Castle Island and served as a trading post until 1617 or 1618, when it was abandoned due to frequent flooding.  Both forts were named in honor of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau.  Due to a dispute between the Director-General of New Netherland and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck regarding jurisdiction over the fort and the surrounding community, the fort and community became an independent municipality, paving the way for the future city of Albany.  After conquest of the region by the English, they soon abandoned Fort Orange (renamed Fort Albany) in favor of a new fort: Fort Frederick, constructed in 1676. The territory which would later become the state of New York was settled by European colonists as part of the New Netherland colony (parts of present-day New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Delaware) under the command of the Dutch West India Company in the Seventeenth Century.  These colonists were largely of Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, and German stock, but the colony soon became a "melting pot."  In 1664, at the onset of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, English forces under Richard Nicolls ousted the Dutch from control of New Netherland, and the territory became part of several different English colonies.  Despite one brief year when the Dutch retook the colony (1673–1674), New York would remain an English possession until the American colonies declared independence in 1776. The Holland Society of New York was founded in New York City in 1885 to collect information respecting the settlement and history of New Netherland.  Its main objective is to find and preserve documentation about the inhabitants' lives and times so as to elucidate the political, social, and religious patterns in the Dutch colony.  The society sponsors historical publications, and provides resources for family studies and genealogy.  Many of its members are especially active in genealogical research and publication.  The Holland Society originated the New Netherland Project, which is translating and publishing the 17th-century records held by the New York State Archives.  Among other current sponsorships are The Papers of Jacob Leisler Project and Records of the Translations of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York. Whitney Young is a neighborhood in the Southwestern City of Yonkers, New York.  It was settled as a town by the English under Dutch rule in 1656 in New Netherland.  It is one of the major predominantly African American neighborhoods in the borough of Yonkers.  Willie Young is a neighborhood in the City of Yonkers, New York.  It was settled as a town by the New Netherland Director-General in August 1645 after Yonkers was found.  It is one of the major predominantly African American neighborhoods in Yonkers.  Whitney Young's main street of the section is Nepperhan Avenue. Fort Frederick was a fort in Albany, New York from 1676–1789.  Sitting atop State Street Hill (Capitol Hill) it replaced the earlier decaying Fort Orange along the Hudson River.  The fort was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, son of King George II.  The fort was referred to as Fort Albany in the 1936 novel "Drums Along the Mohawk".  Several historical markers have been placed west of the location of the fort. New Amsterdam (Dutch: "Nieuw Amsterdam" ) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland.  The "factorij" became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam.  The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River).  In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625. Russell Shorto (born February 8, 1959) is an American author, historian and journalist, best known for his book on the Dutch origins of New York City, "The Island at the Center of the World".  Shorto's research for this book relied greatly on the work of the New Netherland Project (now known as the New Netherland Research Center) and the New Netherland Institute.  Shorto is the New Netherland Research Center's 2013 Senior Scholar. Louis DuBois was a Huguenot colonist in New Netherland who, with two of his sons and nine other refugees, founded the town of New Paltz, New York.  These Protestant refugees fled Catholic persecution in France, emigrating to the Die Pfalz, the Rhenish Palatinate (in present day Germany), before going to New Netherland where they settled in Wiltwyck (present day Kingston, NY) and Nieuw Dorp, settlements midway between New Amsterdam (present day New York City) and Beverwyck (today known as Albany, New York) before ultimately founding New Paltz. Kieft's War, also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict (1643–1645) between settlers of the nascent colony of New Netherland and the native Lenape population in what would later become the New York metropolitan area of the United States.  It is named for Director-General of New Netherland Willem Kieft, who had ordered an attack without approval of his advisory council and against the wishes of the colonists.  Dutch soldiers attacked Lenape camps and massacred the native inhabitants, which encouraged unification among the regional Algonquian tribes against the Dutch, and precipitated waves of attacks on both sides.  This was one of the earliest conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers.  Displeased with Kieft, the Dutch West India Company recalled him and he died while returning to the Netherlands.  Peter Stuyvesant succeeded him in New Netherland.  Because of the continuing threat by the Algonquians, numerous Dutch settlers returned to the Netherlands, and growth of the colony slowed. First Lutheran Church is a Lutheran congregation in Albany, New York.  Founded in 1649 as Ebenezer Lutheran Church, First Lutheran is the oldest congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the only congregation in the ELCA to be founded while New York was under control of the Dutch, and the oldest Lutheran congregation in the United States.  When the congregation was founded, it was a part of the Dutch settlement of New Netherland; it later adopted German and then English in 1808 for use during worship.  The congregation began to use the name First Lutheran Church in 1871.
Answer: Fort Orange