Question: What do both Szymon Giżyński and Law and Justice have in common?
Context: Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.  The concept of justice differs in every culture.  An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work "The Republic".  Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God.  In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law.  Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned.  In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences.  Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the "proper" distribution.  Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality.  John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness.  Property rights theorists (like Robert Nozick) take a deontological view of distributive justice and argue that property rights-based justice maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system.  Theories of retributive justice are concerned with punishment for wrongdoing.  Restorative justice (also sometimes called "reparative justice") is an approach to justice that focuses on restoring what is good, and necessarily focuses on the needs of victims and offenders. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ( ; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930.  Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of "Schenck v. United States", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States.  Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90 years, making him the oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history.  He also served as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law School, of which he was an alumnus. The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid the slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the common law.  The Chancery had jurisdiction over all matters of equity, including trusts, land law, the administration of the estates of lunatics and the guardianship of infants.  Its initial role was somewhat different, however; as an extension of the Lord Chancellor's role as Keeper of the King's Conscience, the Court was an administrative body primarily concerned with conscientious law.  Thus the Court of Chancery had a far greater remit than the common law courts, whose decisions it had the jurisdiction to overrule for much of its existence, and was far more flexible.  Until the 19th century, the Court of Chancery could apply a far wider range of remedies than the common law courts, such as specific performance and injunctions, and also had some power to grant damages in special circumstances.  With the shift of the Exchequer of Pleas towards a common law court and loss of its equitable jurisdiction by the Administration of Justice Act 1841, the Chancery became the only national equitable body in the English legal system. Revenge is a form of justice usually assumed to be enacted in the absence of the norms of formal law and jurisprudence.  Often, revenge is defined as being a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived.  It is used to punish a wrong by going outside of the law.  This is because the individual taking revenge feels as though the law will not do justice.  Revenge is also known as retribution or vengeance; it may be characterized as a form of justice (not to be confused with retributive justice), an altruistic action which enforces societal or moral justice aside from the legal system.  Francis Bacon described it as a kind of "wild justice" that "does... offend the law [and] putteth the law out of office".  Primitive justice or retributive justice is often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice and divine judgment. Justice of the Common Pleas was a puisne judicial position within the Court of Common Pleas of England and Wales, under the Chief Justice.  The Common Pleas was the primary court of common law within England and Wales, dealing with "common" pleas (civil matters between subject and subject).  It was created out of the common law jurisdiction of the Exchequer of Pleas, with splits forming during the 1190s and the division becoming formal by the beginning of the 13th century.  The court became a key part of the Westminster courts, along with the Exchequer of Pleas (qualified to hear cases involving revenue owed to the King) and the Court of King's Bench (authorised to hear cases involving the King), but with the Writ of Quominus and the Statute of Westminster, both tried to extend their jurisdiction into the realm of common pleas.  As a result, the courts jockeyed for power.  In 1828 Henry Brougham, a Member of Parliament, complained in Parliament that as long as there were three courts unevenness was inevitable, saying that "It is not in the power of the courts, even if all were monopolies and other restrictions done away, to distribute business equally, as long as suitors are left free to choose their own tribunal", and that there would always be a favourite court, which would therefore attract the best lawyers and judges and entrench its position.  The outcome was the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, under which all the central courts were made part of a single Supreme Court of Judicature.  Eventually the government created a High Court of Justice under Lord Coleridge by an Order in Council of 16 December 1880.  At this point, the Common Pleas formally ceased to exist. The basis of the Bahamian Law and legal system lies within the English Common Law tradition.  Justices of the Supreme Court, Registrars and Magistrates are all appointed by The Governor-General acting on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, which is composed of five individuals who are headed by the Chief Justice as their chairman.  The Chief Justice and the Justices of the Court of Appeal, including the President, are appointed by the Governor-General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition.  Once appointed, the salaries and other terms of appointment of the Chief Justice, Justices of Appeal and Justices of the Supreme Court cannot be altered to their disadvantage.  Justices of the Supreme Court can serve until the age of 65 years and, where agreed among the judge, the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, may serve until the age of 67.  Justices of Appeal can serve until the age of 68 years and, where agreed among the judge, the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, may serve until the age of 70 years.  The law of The Bahamas makes provisions for the appointment of 12 Justices to the Bench of the Supreme Court, inclusive of the Chief Justice, and for five Justices of the Court of Appeal, inclusive of the President.  The Chief Justice, as Head of the Judiciary, is an ex officio member of the Court of Appeal, but only sits at the invitation of the President. Law and Justice (Polish:    ), abbreviated to PiS, is a right-wing populist, national-conservative, and Christian democratic political party in Poland.  With 216 seats in the Sejm and 56 in the Senate, it is currently the largest party in the Polish parliament. The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice.  As such, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord High Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, who headed the Queen's Bench (King's when the monarch was male). The general principles of European Union law are general principles of law which are applied by the European Court of Justice and the national courts of the member states when determining the lawfulness of legislative and administrative measures within the European Union.  General principles of European Union law may be derived from common legal principles in the various EU member states, or general principles found in international law or European Union law.  Amongst others the European Court of Justice has recognised fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity as general principles of European Union law.  General principles of law should be distinguished from rules of law as principles are more general and open-ended in the sense that they need to be honed to be applied to specific cases with correct results. Szymon Giżyński (born March 8, 1956 in Częstochowa) is a Polish politician.  He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 15840 votes in 28 Częstochowa district, candidating from Law and Justice list.
Answer: Christian democratic political