Question: Karl Camillo Schmidt-Hellerau, was a German carpenter, furniture manufacturer and social reformer, and is notable as the founder of Hellerau, Germany, by which method of urban planning in which self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture?
Context: Academy of Urban Planning is a small Public high school located in Brooklyn, New York on the Bushwick High School Campus.  Academy of Urban Planning shares a building with three other schools including Academy of Environmental Leadership, Bushwick School for Social Justice and New York Harbor School.  Academy of Urban Planning was established in 2003 as a result of a partnership between the New York City Department of Education and New Visions for Public Schools.  New Visions for Public Schools is a non-profit organization dedicated to educational reform.  With funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation New Visions redesigned failing New York City high schools and transformed them into smaller learning communities. Chen Gang (; born May 1966) is a Chinese politician.  Chen was born in Chongyang County, Hubei province.  He joined the Communist Party of China in May 1988.  He held a graduate degree in urban planning obtained from Tsinghua University, and a master's degree in engineering.  He joined the Communist Youth League while attending university.  He has served as assistant to the mayor of Liuzhou, Guangxi, and worked in the urban planning department in that city.  He has also served as the deputy director of the Beijing Urban-Rural Planning Commission, and director of the Beijing Urban Planning Commission.  He was then made the Vice Mayor of Beijing, and a member of the Beijing Party Standing Committee.  He seemed to have a promising political future.  In 2017, he was transferred to the office of the South-North Water Transfer Project as a deputy director. Place identity or place-based identity refers to a cluster of ideas about place and identity in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, environmental psychology, ecocriticism and urban sociology/ecological sociology.  Place identity is sometimes called urban character, neighbourhood character or local character.  Place identity has become a significant issue in the last 25 years in urban planning and design.  Place identity concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants and users, and how these meanings contribute to individuals' conceptualizations of self.  Place identity also relates to the context of modernity, history and the politics of representation.  In other words, historical determinism, which intersects historical events, social spaces and groups by gender, class, ethnicity.  In this way, it explores how spaces have evolved over time by exploring the social constructs through time and the development of space, place and power.  To the same extent, the politics of representation is brought into context, as the making of place identity in a community also relates to the exclusion or inclusion in a community.  Through this, some have argued that place identity has become an area for social change because it gives marginalized communities agency over their own spaces.  In the same respect, it is argued that place identity has also been used to intervene social change and perpetuate oppression from a top-down approach by creating segregated spaces for marginalized communities. Karl Camillo Schmidt-Hellerau (1 February 1873 - 6 November 1948) was a German carpenter, furniture manufacturer and social reformer.  He was born in Zschopau, and is notable as the founder of Hellerau, Germany's first garden city, where he died. Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and use of land, planning permission, protection and use of the environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks. Urban planning is also referred to as urban and regional planning, regional planning, town planning, city planning, rural planning, urban development or some combination in various areas worldwide.  It takes many forms and it can share perspectives and practices with urban design. Urban Planning in China (中国) or The People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) is currently characterized by a top down approach, high density urban development and extensive urbanization.  China's urban planning philosophies and practices have undergone multiple transitions due to governance and economic structure changes throughout the nation's extensive history.The founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 marks the beginning of three recent historical stages of urban planning philosophies and practice that represent a divergence from traditional Chinese urban planning morphologies are broadly categorized as socialist, hybrid and global cities. The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.  The idea was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Indigenous planning (or Indigenous community planning) is an ideological approach to the field of regional planning where planning done by Indigenous peoples for Indigenous communities.  Practitioners employ practices that integrate traditional knowledge or cultural knowledge into the process of planning.  Indigenous planning recognizes that "all human communities plan" and that Indigenous communities have been carrying out their own community planning processes for thousands of years.  While the broader context of urban planning, and social planning includes the need to work cooperatively with indigenous persons and organizations, the process in doing so is dependent on social, political and cultural forces. Municipal disinvestment is a term in the United States which describes an urban planning process in which that a city or town or other municipal entity decides to abandon or neglect an unproductive zone.  It can happen when a municipality is in a period of economic prosperity, and it seeks to improve its communities and infrastructure, and sees that its poorest and most blighted communities are both the cheapest targets for revitalization as well as the areas with the greatest potential for improvement.  When a city is facing urban decay, and has to compromise in allocating its resources, the poorest communities are the least profitable and investing in them seems unwise from a long term perspective, and so these communities are neglected as a matter of choice.  Disenfranchised neighborhoods are slated for demolition, relocation, and eventual replacement.  According to one view, disinvestment in urban and suburban communities tends to fall strongly along racial and class lines, and intensifies and perpetuates the cycle of poverty exerted upon the space, since more affluent individuals with social mobility can leave the disenfranchised areas.  According to one view, municipal disinvestment is a direct consequence of local, state, and federal urban planning and urban renewal projects. ‘Negative Approach to Urban Planning’, also known as ‘negative approach’, ‘negative planning approach’ or simply ‘negative planning’, is a ‘landscape urbanism approach’.  It is a new concept and terminology raise by Chinese landscape architect, Professor of Peking University YU Kongjian.  Negative approach does not mean anti urban planning as its name may seem to suggest, nor does it simply refer to green space priority.  It is a new approach to physical planning of cities and a landscape methodology of planning.  It distinguishes itself from other theories as it is an innovation and a possibly practical way of solving urban planning problems in Chinese cities.
Answer: garden city movement