Question: The Brisbane Institute was an independent think tank based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, founded in what year, notable speakers included Justice Michael Kirby, Lady Kennedy of The Shaws and Frank Jeffrey Edson Smart, was an expatriate Australian painter known for his precisionist depictions of urban landscapes that are "full of private jokes and playful allusions"?
Context: The '"IMANI Center for Policy and Education"' is an African think tank based in Accra, Ghana.  As a member of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, the think tank applies free market solutions to intricate domestic social problems.  It was founded in 2004 by Franklin Cudjoe, who currently serves as the president and chief executive officer.  The think tank's operations center on these four thematic areas: rule of law, market growth and development, individual rights, and human security and institutional development.  IMANI uses the Africanliberty.org platform as a springboard to reach out to the larger African audience in five international languages, including Swahili.IMANI exerts influence in the Ghanaian public education and policy sphere through media appearances, publications, research, and seminars.  The think tank is ranked by the Global Go To Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, organized annually by the University of Pennsylvania.  According to the 2009 Index Report, IMANI was ranked fifth most influential in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the only African think tank to make the list of top 25 "Most Innovative" across the world. Moeletsi Goduka Mbeki (born November 30, 1945) is a political economist and the deputy chairman of the South African Institute of International Affairs, an independent think tank based at the University of the Witwatersrand, and is a political analyst for Nedcor Bank.  He is a member of the executive council of the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) which is based in London.  He is the younger brother of former President Thabo Mbeki and son of ANC leader Govan Mbeki.  He has been a frequent critic of President Mbeki. Dr.Wang, Huiyao (Henry) (; born July 2, 1958) is the Founder and President of Center for China and Globalization (CCG),the largest independent global think tank in China which has over 100 full-time researchers and working staff.  According to the "2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index" by the University of Pennsylvania Think Tank and Civil Society Program (TTCSP), the most prestigious think tank ranking in the world, CCG ranked 111th of the top world think tanks and was one of the world's top 40 independent think tanks.  TTCSP ranked CCG as the 7th top think tank in China and No. 1 independent think tank among the top Chinese think tanks.  Dr. Wang is also a top adviser to the Chinese government.  He was appointed as Counselor for China State Council by the Chinese Premier in 2015.  Dr. Wang is a well-known thought leader on China and globalization, China going global, Chinese global migration and talent flows, Chinese students studying abroad and returnees, and on global think tanks.  He is also a top adviser to international organizations such as World Bank, IOM and ILO as well as to global MNCs.  Dr. Wang has an impressive work career span over both Chinese and foreign governments, multinational executive, social entrepreneurial and academic fields. The Brisbane Institute was an independent think tank based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, founded in 1999.  It held talks, functions, debates and similar activities.  Notable speakers included Justice Michael Kirby, Lady Kennedy of The Shaws and the painter Jeffrey Smart. Frank Jeffrey Edson Smart, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 July 1921 – 20 June 2013) was an expatriate Australian painter known for his precisionist depictions of urban landscapes that are "full of private jokes and playful allusions". The Jacques Delors Institute (French: "Institut Jacques Delors" ), also presenting itself under the name Notre Europe (French for "our Europe") is an independent think tank based in Paris.  Founded in 1996 by Jacques Delors, it aims to "think a united Europe."  In cooperation with the Hertie School of Governance it operates a branch in Berlin, the Jacques Delors Institut Berlin . Brian Lee Crowley, a native of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is Managing Director of the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, a national public policy think tank based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  He was also the founding President of the Atlantic Institute for Market Studies (AIMS), a public policy think tank based in Atlantic Canada.  He authored of three books ("The Self, the Individual and the Community", Oxford University Press, 1987; "The Road to Equity: Impolitic Essays", Stoddart, 1994; and "Fearful Symmetry: The Fall and Rise of Canada’s Founding Values", Key Porter Books, 2009).  He was the editor of "Taking Ownership: Property Rights and Fishery Management on the Atlantic Coast", AIMS, 1996. The Independent Institute is an American think tank based in Oakland, California.  Its stated mission is "to boldly advance peaceful, prosperous, and free societies, grounded in a commitment to human worth and dignity."  Founded in 1986 by David J. Theroux, the Institute focuses on political, social, economic, legal, environmental and foreign policy issues.  It has more than 140 research fellows.  The Institute was originally established in San Francisco, was re-located in 1989 to Oakland, and since 2006, has had an office in Washington, D.C.  The Institute is organized into seven centers addressing a range of issues.  According to the "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), the Institute is ranked number 54 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". Seven Pillars Institute for Global Finance and Ethics (abbreviated SPI) is an independent, not-for-profit think tank based in Kansas City, Missouri.  Founded in 2010 by Dr. Kara Tan Bhala, the Institute is authorized under Section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code and is a nonsectarian and nonpartisan research and educational organization.  A large part of the Institute’s work is to provide education on ethics and its application in every area of finance.  In addition, the Institute offers analysis and opinions on ethical issues in finance.  The Institute is at the forefront of shaping the emerging field of financial ethics and is a leader in increasing public awareness in this practical area of finance.  Seven Pillars Institute was cited and shortlisted in the Prospect Think Tank Awards in 2016 for its work on what the financial sector should be doing to help mitigate climate change. EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy is a think tank based in Prague.  It is a major non-profit, non-partisan and independent think tank in the Czech Republic.
Answer: 1999