Question: In what year did Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya begin to work for Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru?
Context: Panjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh (Marathi:पंजाबराव शामराव देशमुख )(27 December 1898 – 10 April 1965) famously known as Bhausaheb Deshmukh was a social activist and a farmer's leader in India.  He was the Minister of Agriculture in the first cabinet of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in 1952. Jawaharlal Nehru ( ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.  He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964.  He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.  He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as "Chacha Nehru" (Hindi, lit., "Uncle Nehru"). Shiv Prasad Gupta Hindi: शिव प्रसाद गुप्ता (28 June 1883, Varanasi – 24 April 1944) was a visionary, philanthropist, a leader of the Indian Freedom Movement and the founder of the Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth.  Though belonging to a very wealthy industrialist and "Jamindar" family, he devoted his entire life to actively participate, assist and give financial aid to the various movements of the freedom struggle.  He was a close associate and friend of Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya and all the other nationalist leaders, who often stayed with him on their visit to Varanasi and relied upon his advice and support. Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya, was born in Dwarahat district of Almora in Uttarakhand, India.  He joined Pandit Motilal Nehru as his personal secretary in 1923.  After the death of Pandit Motilal Nehru, he was retained by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, with whom he remained associated till the latter's death.  Upadhyaya was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Satna constituency in the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh in 1952.  He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 and 1962 from Rewa in Madhya Pradesh.  In 1967 he was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha.  He was awarded the Padmasri in 1983.  He remained closely associated with the Nehru-Gandhi family right from 1923 till his death in 1984 and finds mention in Jawaharlal Nehru's Last Will & Testament. The Nehru Memorial Museum & Library (NMML) is a museum and library in New Delhi, India, which aims to preserve and reconstruct the history of the Indian independence movement.  Housed within the Teen Murti House complex, it is an autonomous institution under the Indian Ministry of Culture, and was founded in 1964 after the death of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.  It aims to foster academic research on modern and contemporary history.  Today, the Nehru Memorial Library is the world’s leading resource centre on India’s first prime minister and its archives contain the bulk of Mahatma Gandhi's writings apart from private papers of C. Rajagopalachari, B. C. Roy, Jayaprakash Narayan, Charan Singh, Sarojini Naidu and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.  In March 2010 it launched a digitization project of its archives, under which by June 2011, 867,000 pages of manuscripts and 29,807 photographs were scanned and 500,000 pages uploaded on the digital library website.  Amongst noted publications of the NMML are "Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru", "Man of Destiny" by Ruskin Bond, "Nehru Anthology " (1980) and "Nehru Anthology". Ahmad Bakhsh Sindhi (22 October 1917 – 28 April 2000) was an eminent leader of the Indian National Congress from the state of Rajasthan.  He was a very close companion of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.  He served as the Deputy Speaker in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from 1981 till 1982 and the Minister of Law and Justice, Waqf for the Government of Rajasthan from 1983 till 1985. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute Widely regarded as the Pioneer of Peace studies in India, Professor Priyankar Upadhaya holds the UNESCO Chair for Peace and Intercultural Understanding at Banaras Hindu University(Asia's largest residential university), Varanasi.  He also heads the Malaviya Center for Peace Research situated in the University.  Professor Upadhayaya holds M.Phil.  and Ph.D Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru University.  He also holds Advance International Diploma(s) in Conflict Resolution from the Uppsala University, Sweden.  Prof. Upadhaya has done Post-Doctoral Research at London University and the Woodrow Wilson Centre for International Scholars, Wash DC.  He was selected for the Guest Scholar Award of the Woodrow Wilson Centre of International Scholars at Wash DC 1992, Faculty Research Award, Canadian Govt.  1999 and Senior Fulbright Award in 2004.  Professor Upadhyaya has taught and done research in Political Science & Conflict Resolution in many parts of the world, including Concordia University, Montreal; Ulster University in Northern Ireland, at the Department of Political Science, Karlstad University in Sweden and US Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs.  He has also been Fellow at the Henry L Stimson Center, Wash DC, and recently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Peace Research Institute (PRIO), Oslo.  Professor Upadhyaya has publications in journals and books from OUP, MUP, CUP, Sage, Ashgate and Routledge among others and research articles in reputed International Journals such as the Denver Journal of International Law & Policy; International Studies (Sage) and Strategic Analysis (Routledge). "Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute", (formerly Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute) () renamed in the fond memory of visionary Prime Minister of India Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is an autonomous Institute established by the Government of Kerala on 17 November 1979 at Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala.  It functions under the umbrella of the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE), Government of Kerala.  The Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew played an exemplary and significant role in shaping and designing the lay out of the JNTBGRI garden in its formative stages. Pt.  Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and an important leader of the Indian National Congress, who also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929.  He was the founder patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi family.
Answer: 1931