Question: Paul Guihard was murdered in what battle that was fought between Southern segregationist civilians and federal and state forces beginning the night of September 30, 1962?
Context: The Ole Miss riot of 1962, or Battle of Oxford, was fought between Southern segregationist civilians and federal and state forces beginning the night of September 30, 1962; segregationists were protesting the enrollment of James Meredith, a black US military veteran, at the University of Mississippi (known affectionately as Ole Miss) at Oxford, Mississippi.  Two civilians were killed during the night, including a French journalist, and over 300 people were injured, including one third of the US Marshals deployed. The Sri Lankan Civil war was very costly, killing over 100,000+ civilians and 50,000+ fighters from both sides of the conflict.  The "Tamil Centre for Human Rights" recorded that from 1983 to 2004, 47,556 Tamil civilians were murdered by both the Sri Lankan government and IPKF forces.  Another organization called NESOHR published that from the beginning of the war to the , 4000 to 5000 Tamil civilians were killed in large scale massacres, with a total civilian death of around 40,000.  Civilian casualties that occurred on 2009 is of major controversy, as there were no organizations to record the events during the final months of the war.  The Sri Lankan government revealed that 9,000 people were killed in the final months of the war, but it did not differentiate between LTTE cadres and civilians.  The UN, based on credible witness evidence from aid agencies and civilians evacuated from the "Safe Zone" by sea, estimated that 6,500 civilians were killed and another 14,000 injured between mid-January 2009, when the "Safe Zone" was first declared, and mid-April 2009.  There are no official casualty figures after this period but estimates of the death toll for the final four months of the civil war (mid-January to mid-May) range from 15,000 to 20,000.  A US State Department report has suggested that the actual casualty figures were probably much higher than the UN's estimates and that significant numbers of casualties weren't recorded.  A former UN official has claimed that up to 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final stages of the civil war.  Several human rights groups have even claimed that the death toll in the last months of the war could be 70,000.  The Sri Lankan government has denied all claims of causing mass casualties against Tamils, arguing that it was "taking care not to harm civilians".  Instead, it has blamed the LTTE for the high casualty numbers, stating that they used the civilians as human shields.  Both the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE have been accused by the U.N for war crimes during the last phase of the war. The Battle of Manila (February 3, 1945 – March 3, 1945) was a major battle of the Philippine campaign of 1944-45, during the Second World War.  It was fought by American and Filipino forces against Japanese troops in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.  The month-long battle, which resulted in the death of over 100,000 civilians and the complete devastation of the city, was the scene of the worst urban fighting in the Pacific theater.  Japanese forces committed mass murder against Filipino civilians during the battle.  Along with massive loss of life, the battle also destroyed architectural and cultural heritage dating back to the city's foundation.  The battle ended the almost three years of Japanese military occupation in the Philippines (1942–1945).  The city's capture was marked as General Douglas MacArthur's key to victory in the campaign of reconquest. The State Guard Association of the United States (SGAUS) is a non-profit organization advocating for the advancement and support of regulated state military forces, as established by state governments under the authority of federal law.  The SGAUS encourages the establishment and advancement of regulated state forces through lobbying and affiliation with independent state associations.  There were twenty-two independent SGAUS recognized state associations in 2008.  State associations are separate entities--typically 501(c)(3) corporations--and are not components of the SGAUS corporation, the SGAUS Foundation, or the respective states.  When petitioned, the SGAUS recognizes lawful, state-level associations with twenty-five or more members who are seeking to establish state defense forces. The Battle of Luzon, fought 9 January – 15 August 1945, was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan.  The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory.  The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan.  While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 205,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 10,000 American combatants killed, and between 120,000 to 140,000 Filipino civilians and combatants killed. Paul Guihard (1931 – 30 September 1962) was a French-British journalist for Agence France-Press.  He was murdered in the 1962 riot at the University of Mississippi while covering the events surrounding James Meredith's attempts to enroll at the all-white university.  The only known journalist to have been killed in the backlash to the Civil Rights Movement, his murder remains unsolved. The Battle of the Colline Gate, fought on the Kalends of November, 82 BC, was the final battle of the second civil war between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the Marians.  Sulla won and secured control of Rome and Italy.  Appian is the only source who provides details about the battle.  Much of the war was fought in northern Italy.  The Lucanians, the Samnites and the Gauls fought alongside the Marians.  Following defection of the Gauls to the forces of Sulla and the defeat of some of his forces by Lucullus (one of Sulla's lieutenants) near Placentia (Piacenza), Carbo, the leader of the Marians, fled to Africa.  His lieutenants, Gaius Carrinas, Gaius Marcius Censorinus and Damasippus tried to force their way though a pass controlled by Sulla's men with all their forces and with the Samnites.  This failed and they marched on Rome.  Sulla sent his cavalry ahead to hinder their march and went to Rome with his army.  He encamped at the Colline Gate.  The enemy was already encamped nearby.  In the ensuing battle Sulla won on the right wing, but the left wing was defeated and fled to the gates pursued by the enemy.  The soldiers guarding the gate dropped the portcullis (a heavy grating which can be lowered to block the gate) when they saw the rush to the gate, killing many soldiers and many senators.  The rest of the Sullans turned and fought the enemy.  The battle continued through the night.  Gaius Carrinas, a Marian commander, and Pontius Telesinus, the Samnite commander, were killed and their camp was seized.  Eventually, the enemy fled.  The death toll was estimated at 50,000.  There were 8,000 prisoners.  They were shot down by darts because they were mostly Samnites.  Marcius, Carrinas and Marcus Lamponius, the Lucanian, fled.  Marcius and Carrinas were captured and brought in the next day.  Sulla killed them.  He sent his lieutenant, Lucretius, to show their heads before the walls of Praeneste (Palestrina), where Gaius Marius the Younger was besieged.  Velleius Paterculus wrote that Sulla ordered the head of Telesinus to be carried around the walls of Praeneste fixed on top of a spear.  He did not mention Marcius and Carrinas. The Mayor of Little Rock, Arkansas serves as the chief executive of the city government.  Little Rock was first incorporated as a town in November 1831 and redefined as a city under a new charter in November 1835.  During the American Civil War, Little Rock was captured and occupied by Union forces beginning September 21, 1863, leaving the city without a civilian government until December 1865.  Starting in November 1869, the president of the City Council presided over council meetings and signed ordinances, performing many of the duties formerly ascribed to the Mayor.  In accordance with new Constitution of Arkansas and new city charter, the Mayor resumed duties previously split between mayor and president of the City Council in March 1875.  On November 6, 1956, Little Rock voters approved a move to the City Manager form of government to take effect in the next year and on November 11, 1957, voters selected the first city Board of Directors under the city manager form of government.  Under this form, the city board selected Mayor from among its membership to serve for a two-year term.  Beginning in 1994, mayors were elected to a four-year term by citywide election. The Chunnakam Police station massacre refers to the killing of 19 ethnic Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Police, at Chunnakam, a suburb of Jaffna in 1984.  This was among the first of the series of massacres of Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan state forces, since the outbreak of the civil war in the country. The original Irish Republican Army (IRA) fought a guerrilla war against British rule in Ireland in the Irish War of Independence between 1919 and 1921.  Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, the IRA in the 26 counties that were to become the Irish Free State split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty.  The anti-Treatyites, sometimes referred to by Free State forces as Irregulars, continued to use the name Irish Republican Army (IRA) or in Irish Óglaigh na hÉireann, as did the organisation in Northern Ireland which originally supported the pro-Treaty side (if not the Treaty). " Óglaigh na hÉireann" was also adopted as the name of the pro-Treaty National Army, and remains the official legal title of the Irish Defence Forces.  This article deals with the anti-Treaty IRA that fought against the Irish Free State in the Irish Civil War, and with its successors up to 1969, when the IRA split again.
Answer: The Ole Miss riot of 1962