Question: Kieft's War, also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict (1643–1645) between settlers of the nascent colony of New Netherland and the native Lenape population, displeased with Kieft, the Dutch West India Company recalled him, Peter Stuyvesant succeeded him in New Netherland, from which year?
Context: Peter Stuyvesant (English pronunciation /ˈstaɪv.ə.sənt/; in Dutch also "Pieter" and "Petrus" Stuyvesant; (1610–1672) served as the last Dutch director-general of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York.  He was a major figure in the early history of New York City and his name has been given to various landmarks and points of interest throughout the city (e.g. Stuyvesant High School, Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village, Stuyvesant Plaza, Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood, etc.). This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland ("Nieuw-Nederland" in Dutch) in North America.  Only the last, Peter Stuyvesant, held the title of Director General.  As the colony grew, citizens advisory boards - known as the Twelve Men, Eight Men, and Nine Men - exerted more influence on the director and thus affairs of province. Joris Jansen Rapelje (28 April 1604 – 21 February 1662/63) was a member of the Council of Twelve Men in the Dutch West India Company colony of New Netherland.  He and his wife Catalina (Catalyntje) Trico (1605–1689) were among the earliest settlers in New Netherland. The Dutch Virgin Islands is the collective name for the enclaves that the Dutch West India Company had in the Virgin Islands.  The area was ruled by a director, whose seat was not permanent.  The main reason for starting a colony here was that it lay strategically between the Dutch colonies in the south (Netherlands Antilles, Suriname) and New Netherland.  The Dutch West India Company was mainly affected by the competition from Denmark, England and Spain.  In 1680 the remaining islands became a British colony. The council of Nine Men was a citizens board and a form of representational democracy in New Netherland.  It replaced the previous councils, the Twelve Men and the Eight Men.  Members of the council were elected in 1647, 1649, 1650 and 1652.  On July 26, 1649, eleven current and former members of the board signed the "Petition of the Commonality of New Netherland", which requested that the States General take action to encourage economic freedom and force local government like that in the Netherlands, removing the colony from the control of the Dutch West India Company.  It became the basis for the municipal government when the city of New Amsterdam received its charter in 1653. Kieft's War, also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict (1643–1645) between settlers of the nascent colony of New Netherland and the native Lenape population in what would later become the New York metropolitan area of the United States.  It is named for Director-General of New Netherland Willem Kieft, who had ordered an attack without approval of his advisory council and against the wishes of the colonists.  Dutch soldiers attacked Lenape camps and massacred the native inhabitants, which encouraged unification among the regional Algonquian tribes against the Dutch, and precipitated waves of attacks on both sides.  This was one of the earliest conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers.  Displeased with Kieft, the Dutch West India Company recalled him and he died while returning to the Netherlands.  Peter Stuyvesant succeeded him in New Netherland.  Because of the continuing threat by the Algonquians, numerous Dutch settlers returned to the Netherlands, and growth of the colony slowed. Wouter van Twiller (May 22, 1606 – buried August 29, 1654) was an employee of the Dutch West India Company and the Director-General of New Netherland from 1633 until 1638.  He succeeded Peter Minuit, who was recalled by the Dutch West India authorities in Amsterdam for unknown reasons. The territory which would later become the state of New York was settled by European colonists as part of the New Netherland colony (parts of present-day New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Delaware) under the command of the Dutch West India Company in the Seventeenth Century.  These colonists were largely of Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, and German stock, but the colony soon became a "melting pot."  In 1664, at the onset of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, English forces under Richard Nicolls ousted the Dutch from control of New Netherland, and the territory became part of several different English colonies.  Despite one brief year when the Dutch retook the colony (1673–1674), New York would remain an English possession until the American colonies declared independence in 1776. The Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, sometimes referred to as the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions, is a document written by the Dutch West India Company in an effort to settle its colony of New Netherland in North America through the establishment of feudal patroonships purchased and supplied by members of the West India Company.  Its 31 articles establish ground rules and expectations of the patroons and inhabitants of the new colonies.  It was ratified by the Dutch States-General on June 7, 1629. The Pound Ridge massacre was a battle of Kieft's War that took place in March 1644 between the forces of New Netherland and members of the Wappinger Confederacy at a Wappinger Confederacy village in the present-day town of Pound Ridge, New York.  A mixed force of 130 Dutch and English soldiers led by Captain John Underhill launched a night attack on the village and destroyed it with fire.  500 to 700 members of the Wappinger Confederacy were killed while the New Netherland force lost one man killed and fifteen wounded.  More casualties were suffered in this attack than in any other single incident in the war.  Shortly after the battle several local Wappinger Confederacy sachems sued for peace.
Answer: 1647