Question: The Peoria (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people, and historically, they were part of which organization, sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, was a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America?
Context: Impacts of Native American gaming can be positive or negative, depending on the tribe and its location.  In the 1970s, various Native American tribes took unprecedented action to initiate Native gaming enterprises.  In doing so, they created not only a series of legal struggles between the federal, state, and tribal governments but also a groundbreaking way to revitalize the Native American economy.  Native American gaming has grown from bingo parlors to high-stakes gaming and is surrounded by controversy on many different levels.  There are disputes concerning tribal sovereignty, negative effects of gaming, and a loss of Native American culture.  In the United States the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act was passed in 1988 in order to secure collaboration between the states and tribes and also in order for the federal government to oversee gaming operations.  Native American gaming has proven to be extremely lucrative for several tribes, but it has also been unsuccessful in some instances.  Native American gaming is contingent upon and only beneficial to its respective reservation. The Black Hawk Purchase, which can sometimes be called the Forty-Mile Strip or Scott's Purchase, extended along the West side of the Mississippi River from the north boundary of Missouri North to the Upper Iowa River.  The Upper Iowa River is in the northeast corner of Iowa, from Missouri nearly to Minnesota.  It was fifty miles wide at the ends, and forty in the middle, and is sometimes called the "Forty-Mile Strip".  The land, originally owned by the Sauk, Meskwaki (Fox), and Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Native American people, was acquired by treaty following their defeat by the United States in the Black Hawk War.  After being defeated the Sauk and Mesquakie were forced to relinquish another 2.5 million hectares or (6 million acres) and give up their rights to plant, hunt, or fish on the land.  The purchase was made for $640,000 on September 21, 1832 and was named for the chief Black Hawk, who was held prisoner at the time the purchase was completed.  The Black Hawk Purchase contained an area of 6 million acres (24,000 km²), and the price was equivalent to 11 cents/acre ($26 per km²).  The region is bounded on the East by the Mississippi River and includes Dubuque, Fort Madison, and present-day Davenport. The Pottawatomi , also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River and Western Great Lakes region.  They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family.  The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word "Anishinaabe".  The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa).  In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother" and were referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. The Tamaroa were a Native American people in the central Mississippi River valley of North America, and a member of the Illiniwek or Illinois Confederacy of twelve to thirteen tribes.  The name "Tamaroa" is a derivative of the word "tamarowa" meaning "cut tail" in Illiniwek and relates to a totemic animal such as bear or wildcat.  An Algonquian-speaking group, like the rest of the Illiniwek, they lived on both sides of the Mississippi River in the area of the confluence with the Illinois and Missouri rivers.  Tamaroan culture is presumed to be similar to that of the Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other Illinois tribes. The Illinois Country (French: Pays des Illinois , lit.  "land of the Illinois (plural)", i.e. the Illinois people) — sometimes referred to as Upper Louisiana (French: la Haute-Louisiane ; Spanish: Alta Luisiana ) — was a vast region of New France in what is now the Midwestern United States.  While these names generally referred to the entire Upper Mississippi River watershed, French colonial settlement was concentrated along the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers in what is now the U.S. states of Illinois and Missouri, with outposts in Indiana.  Explored in 1673 from Green Bay to the Arkansas River by the "Canadien" expedition of Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, the area was claimed by France.  It was settled primarily from the "Pays d'en Haut" in the context of the fur trade.  Overtime, the fur trade took some French to the far reaches of the Rocky Mountains, especially along the branches of the broad Missouri River valley.  The French name, "Pays des Illinois", means "Land of the Illinois [plural]" and is a reference to the Illinois Confederation, a group of related Algonquian native peoples. The Peoria (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people.  Today they are enrolled in the federally recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.  Historically, they were part of the Illinois Confederation. William Wells Bent (1809—1869) was primarily known as a trader, and rancher in the American West, with forts in Colorado.  He also acted as a mediator among the Cheyenne Nation, other Native American tribes and the expanding United States.  With his brothers, Bent established a trade business along the Santa Fe Trail.  In the early 1830s Bent built an adobe fort, called Bent's Fort, along the Arkansas River in present-day Colorado.  Furs, horses and other goods were traded for food and other household goods by travelers along the Santa Fe trail, fur-trappers, and local Mexican and Native American people.  Bent negotiated a peace among the many Plains tribes north and south of the Arkansas River, as well as between the Native American and the United States government. Mossville is an unincorporated community between Peoria and Chillicothe in Peoria County, Illinois, United States.  Mossville is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area and resides closely to the northern part of Peoria.  Centered on the Illinois River valley and the end of Illinois Route 6 at Illinois Route 29, Mossville informally encompasses a number of different neighborhoods along the valley: Renchville, Brookview, a cluster of houses along the Illinois River referred to as "The Lanes" (though "The Lanes" are in the Peoria zip code of 61615), and Cedar Hills Estates, as well as the unincorporated village of 900 that can be considered Mossville proper.  The Lake of the Woods subdivision, as well as Colony Point, both on the west bluff of the Illinois River valley overlooking Mossville, can also be considered to be part of the greater Mossville area.  It was previously served by the Rock Island Line at Mossville Station. The Illinois Confederation, sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, was a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America.  The tribes were the Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Moingwena, Michigamea, Chepoussa, Chinkoa, Coiracoentanon, Espeminkia, Maroa, and Tapouara.  At the time of European contact in the 17th century, they were believed to number over 10,000 people.  Most of the Illinois spoke various dialects of the Miami-Illinois language, one of the Algonquian languages family, with the known exception of the Siouan-speaking Michigamea.  They occupied a broad inverted triangle from modern-day Iowa to near the shores of Lake Michigan in modern Chicago south to modern Arkansas.  By the mid-18th century, only five principal tribes remained: the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. The Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area covering 29,914 square miles (77,477 square kilometers), (19,144,960 acres) located along the Upper Mississippi River and its tributaries in northwest Illinois, northeast Iowa, southeast Minnesota and southwest Wisconsin.  Certified by the United States Department of the Treasury's Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau on July 22, 2009, it is the largest AVA in the United States.  The AVA encompasses an area 50 times larger than the Bordeaux wine regions of France.
Answer: Illinois Confederation