Question: Who created the economic idea of Freiwirtschaft?
Context: The Contract from America was the idea of Houston-based attorney Ryan Hecker.  Hecker states that he developed the concept of creating a grassroots call for reform prior to the April 15, 2009 Tax Day Tea Party rallies.  To get his idea off the ground, he launched a website which encouraged people to offer possible planks for the contract.  Hecker told the "New York Times", "Hundreds of thousands of people voted for their favorite principles online to create the Contract as an open-sourced platform for the Tea Party movement.  The agenda had the imprint of everyday citizens every step of the way (in the online voting process)."  Hecker said the Republicans’ 1994 Contract with America represented the nation’s last intellectual economic conservative movement, but the new list, he said, was “created from the bottom up.  It was not crafted in Washington with the help of pollsters." Economic reconstruction refers to a process for creating a proactive vision of economic change.  The most basic idea is that problems in the economy such as deindustrialization, environmental decay, outsourcing, industrial incompetence, poverty and addiction to a permanent war economy are based on the "design" and "organization" of economic institutions.  Economic reconstruction builds on the ideas of various institutional economists and thinkers whose work both critiques existing economic institutions and suggests modes of organizing society differently (cf. Veblen, 1998).  Economic reconstruction, however, places much more emphasis on the idea of alternative plans and alternative organization. Nesting is an idea in international relations theory which posits that advanced democracies operating within political and economic alliances are more likely to seek absolute, rather than relative, gains as their economic health is “nested” with other advanced democracies in transnational alliances.  In a nested arrangement, states are satisfied to see the success of other states within the same alliance as mutual success contributes to combined security.  The idea was first proposed by Vinod Aggarwal and is most associated with neoliberalism.  As a concept, nesting is generally incompatible with a realist understanding of the international system, which holds that states will not be indifferent to the gains of other states as gains by one state represent absolute losses by others. The International Dravet Epilepsy Action League (IDEA League) is an American non-profit organization that has created an international partnership of parents and professionals with the purpose of creating greater awareness and understanding of Dravet syndrome and the spectrum of related genetic forms of epilepsy.  The IDEA League is a nonprofit organization that was founded by parents of children with Dravet syndrome in October 2005.  The National Institutes of Health direct individuals seeking information on Dravet Syndrome to the IDEA League.  The IDEA League represents Dravet Syndrome and is a member of the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). In corporate finance, economic value added (EVA) is an estimate of a firm's economic profit, or the value created in excess of the required return of the company's shareholders. EVA is the net profit less the equity cost of the firm's capital.  The idea is that value is created when the return on the firm's economic capital employed exceeds the cost of that capital.  This amount can be determined by making adjustments to GAAP accounting.  There are potentially over 160 adjustments but in practice only several key ones are made, depending on the company and its industry.  EVA is a service mark of Stern Value Management. Silvio Gesell (] ; 17 March 1862 – 11 March 1930) was a German merchant, theoretical economist, social activist, Georgist, anarchist, libertarian socialist, and founder of Freiwirtschaft.  In 1900 he founded the magazine "Geld-und Bodenreform" ("Monetary and Land Reform"), but it soon closed for financial reasons.  During one of his stays in Argentina, where he lived in a vegetarian commune, Gesell started the magazine "Der Physiokrat" together with Georg Blumenthal.  In 1914, it closed due to censorship. Freiwirtschaft (German for "free economy") is an economic idea founded by Silvio Gesell in 1916.  He called it "Natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung " (natural economic order).  In 1932, a group of Swiss businessmen used his ideas to found the WIR Bank (WIR). In economics and economic sociology, embeddedness refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic institutions.  The term was created by economic historian Karl Polanyi as part of his Substantivist approach.  Polanyi argued that in non-market societies there are no pure economic institutions to which formal economic models can be applied.  In these cases economic activities such as "provisioning" are "embedded" in non-economic kinship, religious and political institutions.  In market societies, in contrast, economic activities have been rationalized, and economic action is "disembedded" from society and able to follow its own distinctive logic, captured in economic modeling.  Polanyi's ideas were widely adopted and discussed in anthropology in what has been called "The formalist vs substantivist debate".  Subsequently, the term "embeddedness" was further developed by economic sociologist Mark Granovetter, who argued that even in market societies, economic activity is not as disembedded from society as economic models would suggest. The Product Space is a network that formalizes the idea of relatedness between products traded in the global economy.  The network first appeared in the July 2007 issue of "Science" in the article "The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations," written by Cesar A. Hidalgo, Bailey Klinger, Ricardo Hausmann, and Albert-László Barabási.  The Product Space network has considerable implications for economic policy, as its structure helps elucidate why some countries undergo steady economic growth while others become stagnant and are unable to develop.  The concept has been further developed and extended by The Observatory of Economic Complexity, through visualizations such as the Product Exports Treemaps and new indexes such as the Economic Complexity Index (ECI), which have been condensed into the Atlas of Economic Complexity.  From the new analytic tools developed, Hausmann, Hidalgo and their team have been able to elaborate predictions of future economic growth. The International Deaf Education Association (IDEA) is an organization focused on educating the deaf in Bohol, Philippines initiated by the United States Peace Corps, under the leadership of Dennis Drake.  The organization is a non-profit establishment that provides education to the impoverished and neglected deaf and blind children in the Philippines.  The institution is able to hold special education classes on the islands of Bohol and Leyte through sponsorship program financially supported by American and European participants.  Established in 1985, IDEA has the mission to give assistance to the deaf community in the Philippines in order for them to achieve self-reliance through the provision of “academic, vocational, physical, spiritual, and economic opportunities”.  As a holistic ministry, IDEA aims to develop a society wherein deaf people can benefit from “social and economic equality, exchanging isolation for community, and servitude for self-reliance”.
Answer: Silvio Gesell