Question: What war was the "Battle of Rome" a part of?
Context: The Battle of the Great Plains, also known as the Battle of Campi Magni or the Battle of Bagrades, was a battle fought between Scipio Africanus of Rome and a combined Carthaginian and Numidian army late in the Second Punic War, designed as diversionary tactic by Rome to disrupt Hannibal's attack on Italy.  By defeating the Carthaginians, Scipio Africanus caused Hannibal to leave Italy and return to Africa, where he was later defeated at the Battle of Zama. Claudia Quinta was a Roman matron said to have been instrumental in bringing the goddess Cybele, "Great Mother" of the gods from her shrine in Greek Asia Minor to Rome in 204 BC, during the last years of Rome's Second Punic War against Carthage.  The goddess had been brought in response to dire prodigies, a failed harvest and the advice of various oracles.  Roman histories and stories describe Claudia Quinta as "castissima femina" (purest or most virtuous woman) in Rome, chosen along with Scipio Nasica, Rome's "optimus vir" ("best man") to welcome the goddess.  Gossips had accused Claudia of inchastity; but when the ship that carried the goddess's image up the River Tiber stuck fast on a sandbar, Claudia prayed for the goddess's help, then released and towed the ship single-handed.  This miraculous feat proved Claudia's reputation and the goddess's willingness to become Rome's protector.  Soon after, Rome had a good harvest, then defeated the Carthaginian leader Hannibal.  Accounts of Cybele's arrival and her transformation into Rome's Magna Mater were embellished over time with circumstantial details, and formed part of the goddess's founding festival, Megalesia. The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of four assaults by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by Axis forces during the Italian Campaign of World War II.  The intention was a breakthrough to Rome. Marocchinate (] , Italian for "those [feminine plural] given the Moroccan treatment" meaning "women/girls raped by Moroccans") is a term applied to women who were victims of the mass rape and killings committed during World War II after the Battle of Monte Cassino in Italy.  These were committed mainly by the Moroccan Goumiers, colonial troops of the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC), commanded by General Alphonse Juin. The Battle of San Pietro Infine (commonly referred to as the "Battle of San Pietro") was a major engagement from 8–17 December 1943, in the Italian Campaign of World War II involving Allied forces attacking from the south against heavily fortified positions of the German "Winter Line" in and around the town of San Pietro Infine, just south of Monte Cassino about halfway between Naples and Rome.  The eventual Allied victory in the battle was crucial in the ultimate drive to the north to liberate Rome.  The battle is also remembered as the first in which the troops of the Royal Italian Army ("Regio Esercito") fought as co-belligerents of the Allies following the armistice with Italy.  The original town of San Pietro Infine was destroyed in the battle; the modern, rebuilt town of the same name is located a few hundred meters away . Arpi, Argyrippa, or Argos Hippium was an ancient city of Apulia, Italy, 20 mi.  W. of the sea coast, and 5 mi.  N. of the modern Foggia.  The legend attributes its foundation to Diomedes, and the figure of a horse, which appears on its coins, shows the importance of horse-breeding in early times in the district.  Its territory extended to the sea, and Strabo says that from the extent of the city walls one could gather that it had once been one of the greatest cities of Italy.  As a protection against the Samnites, Arpi became an ally of Rome.  In the war with Pyrrhus, the Arpani aided Rome with a contingent of 4000 foot and 400 horse.  Arpi remained faithful to Rome until Rome's defeat at the battle of Cannae, but the consul Quintus Fabius Maximus, son of the famous Roman dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, captured it in 213 B.C., and it never recovered its former importance.  It lay on a by-road from Luceria to Sipontum.  No Roman inscriptions have, indeed, been found here, and remains of antiquity are scanty.  Foggia is its medieval representative. The Battle of Geronium or Gerunium is part of the Second Punic War, where a large skirmish and an ambush took place in the summer and autumn of 217 BC respectively.  After winning the Battle of Ager Falernus, the army of Hannibal, marched north then east towards Molise through Samnium.  Hannibal was cautiously followed by the Roman army under the dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, keeping with the "Fabian strategy".  This policy was becoming unpopular in Rome, and Fabius was compelled to return to Rome to defend his actions under the guise of observing some religious obligations.  Marcus Minucius Rufus, left in command, managed to catch the Carthaginians off guard near their camp in Geronium and inflict severe losses on them in a large skirmish.  This “victory” caused the Romans, disgruntled with Fabius, to elevate Minucius to the equal rank of the dictator.  Minucius took command of half the army and camped separately from Fabius near Geronium.  Hannibal, informed of this development, laid an elaborate trap, which drew out Minucius and his army in detail, and then attacked it from all sides.  The timely arrival of Fabius with the other half of the army enabled Minucius to escape after a severe mauling.  After the battle, Minucius turned over his army to Fabius and resumed the duties of Master of Horse. Polyxenidas a Rhodian general and admiral, who was exiled from his native country, and entered the service of Antiochus III the Great, king of Seleucid Empire.  We first find him mentioned in 209 BC, when he commanded a body of Cretans mercenaries during the expedition of Antiochus into Hyrcania .  But in 192 BC, when the Syrian king had determined upon war with Rome, and crossed over into Greece to commence it, Polyxenidas obtained the chief command of his fleet.  After co-operating with Menippus in the reduction of Chalcis, he was sent back to Asia to assemble additional forces during the winter.  We do not hear any thing of his operations in the ensuing campaign, 191 BC, but when Antiochus, after his defeat at the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC), withdrew to Asia, Polyxenidas was again appointed to command the king's main fleet on the Ionian coast.  Having learnt that the praetor Gaius Livius Salinator was arrived at Delos with the Roman fleet, he strongly urged upon the king the expediency of giving him battle without delay, before he could unite his fleet with those of Eumenes II of Pergamon and the Rhodians.  Though his advice was followed, it was too late to prevent the junction of Eumenes with Livius, but Polyxenidas gave battle to their combined fleets off Corycus.  The superiority of numbers, however, decided the victory in favour of the allies ; thirteen ships of the Syrian fleet were taken and ten sunk, while Polyxenidas himself, with the remainder, took refuge in the port of Ephesus.  Here he spent the winter in active preparations for a renewal of the contest ; and early in the next spring (b. c. 190), having learnt that Pausistratus, with the Rhodian fleet, had already put to sea, he conceived the idea of surprising him before he could unite his forces with those of Livius.  For this purpose he pretended to enter into negotiations with him for the betrayal into his hands of the Syrian fleet, and having by this means deluded him into a fancied security, suddenly attacked him, and destroyed almost his whole fleet.  After this success he sailed to Samos to give battle to the fleet of the Roman admiral and Eumenes, but a storm prevented the engagement, and Polyxenidas withdrew to Ephesus.  Soon after, Livius, having been reinforced by a fresh squadron of twenty Rhodian ships under Eudamus (Rhodian), proceeded in his turn to offer battle to Polyxenidas, but this the latter now declined.  Lucius Aemilius Regillus, who soon after succeeded Livius in the command of the Roman fleet, also attempted without effect to draw Polyxenidas forth from the port of Ephesus : but at a later period in the season Eumenes, with his fleet, having been detached to the Hellespont while a considerable part of the Rhodian forces were detained in Lycia, the Syrian admiral seized the opportunity and sallied out to attack the Roman fleet.  The action took place at Battle of Myonessus near Teos, but terminated in the total defeat of Polyxenidas, who lost 42 of his ships, and made a hasty retreat with the remainder to Ephesus.  Here he remained until he received the tidings of the fatal battle of Magnesia, on which he sailed to Patara in Lycia, and from thence proceeded by land to join Antiochus in Syria.  After this his name is not again mentioned. The First, Second, and Third Samnite Wars (343–341 BC, 326–304 BC and 298–290 BC) were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains to the south of Rome and the north of the Lucanians.  The first of these wars was the result of Rome's intervening to rescue the Campanian city of Capua from a Samnite attack.  The second one was the result of Rome's intervention in the politics of the city of Naples and developed into a contest over the control of much of central and southern Italy.  The third war also involved a struggle over the control of this part of Italy.  The wars extended over half a century and the peoples to the east, north and west of Samnium (land of the Samnites) as well as the peoples of central Italy north of Rome (the Etruscans, Umbrians and Picenti) and the Senone Gauls got involved to various degrees and at various points in time.  The Samnites were one of early Rome's most formidable rivals. The Battle of the Colline Gate, fought on the Kalends of November, 82 BC, was the final battle of the second civil war between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the Marians.  Sulla won and secured control of Rome and Italy.  Appian is the only source who provides details about the battle.  Much of the war was fought in northern Italy.  The Lucanians, the Samnites and the Gauls fought alongside the Marians.  Following defection of the Gauls to the forces of Sulla and the defeat of some of his forces by Lucullus (one of Sulla's lieutenants) near Placentia (Piacenza), Carbo, the leader of the Marians, fled to Africa.  His lieutenants, Gaius Carrinas, Gaius Marcius Censorinus and Damasippus tried to force their way though a pass controlled by Sulla's men with all their forces and with the Samnites.  This failed and they marched on Rome.  Sulla sent his cavalry ahead to hinder their march and went to Rome with his army.  He encamped at the Colline Gate.  The enemy was already encamped nearby.  In the ensuing battle Sulla won on the right wing, but the left wing was defeated and fled to the gates pursued by the enemy.  The soldiers guarding the gate dropped the portcullis (a heavy grating which can be lowered to block the gate) when they saw the rush to the gate, killing many soldiers and many senators.  The rest of the Sullans turned and fought the enemy.  The battle continued through the night.  Gaius Carrinas, a Marian commander, and Pontius Telesinus, the Samnite commander, were killed and their camp was seized.  Eventually, the enemy fled.  The death toll was estimated at 50,000.  There were 8,000 prisoners.  They were shot down by darts because they were mostly Samnites.  Marcius, Carrinas and Marcus Lamponius, the Lucanian, fled.  Marcius and Carrinas were captured and brought in the next day.  Sulla killed them.  He sent his lieutenant, Lucretius, to show their heads before the walls of Praeneste (Palestrina), where Gaius Marius the Younger was besieged.  Velleius Paterculus wrote that Sulla ordered the head of Telesinus to be carried around the walls of Praeneste fixed on top of a spear.  He did not mention Marcius and Carrinas.
Answer: World War II