Question: John Gilmore emerged as a writer from the Beat Generation in the '60s, influenced by a novelist born in which year ?
Context: John Gilmore Marshall, known as Jack Marshall, (born 29 May 1917, Bolton, Lancashire, died 1 January 1998, Rotherham, South Yorkshire), was a footballer and football manager, who played for Burnley, and managed Rochdale, Blackburn Rovers, Sheffield Wednesday and Bury. Poppermost is an original indie pop rock music band based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States.  The retro band draws comparisons to The Turtles, The Beach Boys, Harry Nilsson, Simon & Garfunkel, The Beatles, Queen, Elliott Smith, Elvis Costello, The Kinks, Paul McCartney, The Hollies, Traveling Wilburys, Oasis, The Who, Electric Light Orchestra, Wilco, and classic '60s / '70s pop rock radio.  Poppermost has been listed as one of "Our picks for the best bands" by the "Las Vegas Weekly" entertainment magazine, and also received a "Best of Las Vegas 2007" award from the "Las Vegas Review-Journal" newspaper. <ref name="RJ3/25/07">"Best Local R&B Band", "Las Vegas Review-Journal"</ref> Singer/songwriter/multi-instrumentalist, Alex Oliver, and bassist and audio/video/graphics/web designer, Roy Rendahl, both registered with ASCAP, started Poppermost on July 4, 2001.  They have released three full-length albums, and several CD singles and EPs of original music, all recorded at Roy's Trimordial Studio in Las Vegas.  Roy is now mastering their latest recordings too.  Poppermost's influences include: The Beatles, R.E.M., The Beach Boys, Queen, Wilco, Oasis, classic '60s AM and '70s FM, The Who, Carole King, and Burt Bacharach and Hal David.  The Poppermost name originates from the early Beatles' inspirational call and response, John: "Where are we going, lads?"  Paul, George, Ringo: "To the toppermost of the poppermost, Johnny!" Jack Kerouac ( or , born Jean-Louis Kérouac (though he called himself Jean-Louis Lebris de Kérouac); March 12, 1922 – October 21, 1969) was an American novelist and poet. John "Jonathan" Gilmore (July 5, 1935 - October 13, 2016) was an American author and gonzo journalist known for iconoclastic Hollywood memoirs, true crime literature and hard-boiled fiction.  A motion picture, television and stage actor in Los Angeles and New York in the 1950s, his friends including James Dean and Marilyn Monroe, Gilmore has also written about his encounter with Elizabeth Short a.k.a. "The Black Dahlia" during his youth.  Gilmore emerged as a writer from the Beat Generation in the '60s, influenced by Jack Kerouac and befriended by author William S. Burroughs.  The publication of his true crime book "Severed: The True Story of the Black Dahlia," ushered in a cult following for the author.  His manuscripts and original writings are housed in the special collections department of the Research Library of the University of California at Los Angeles. Jacqueline Starer was born in Paris in 1940.  After studying French and Classics at the Sorbonne, she met the English Poet Keith Barnes (1934–1969) in Paris in 1963.  Together they left for the United States where she taught in several Universities and Colleges (University of California, Berkeley, Bard College, N.Y.) and where she discovered American Poetry.  After Keith Barnes’s death in Paris, she returned to the United States where she wrote her thesis on the writers of the Beat Generation (directed by Roger Asselineau at the Sorbonne).  In 1976, she is back in Paris, and becomes involved in International Cooperation in Cultural Affairs.  She translated the whole poetic work of Keith Barnes into French as well, with Michèle Duclos, as a choice of poems of the Japanese poet Shizue Ogawa.  She was Representative for "Le Journal des Poètes" (Brussels) in France (2006–2012).  She is the author of five books: on writers of the Beat Generation, on Keith Barnes, and on the life of French people in the Paris area at the end of the 20th century. The 1960s generation, 60s generation, generation of '60s, Sixties' generation, etc. may refer to the following generations associated with the decade of 1960s: Nadaism (Spanish: "Nadaísmo" , meaning "Nothing-ism" in English) was an artistic and philosophical counterculture movement in Colombia prevalent from 1958 to 1964.  The movement was founded by writer Gonzalo Arango and was influenced by nihilism, existentialism, and the works of Colombian writer and philosopher Fernando González Ochoa.  Nadaism was largely a movement in reaction to "La Violencia" and was the Colombian expression of numerous avant-garde-like movements in the poetry of the Americas during the 1950s and 60s, such as the Beat Generation in the United States and the "Tzanticos" in Ecuador.  The movement was largely anti-establishment.  It resulted in several works of literature, music, and movies expressing nadaist themes. Mitchell David "Mitch" Kapor ( ) (born November 1, 1950) is an American entrepreneur best known for promoting the first spreadsheet VisiCalc, and later founding Lotus, where he was instrumental in developing the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet.  He left Lotus in 1986.  In 1990 with John Perry Barlow and John Gilmore, he co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and served as its chairman until 1994. John Gilmore (born 1955) is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Cypherpunks mailing list, and Cygnus Solutions.  He created the alt. * hierarchy in Usenet and is a major contributor to the GNU project. Chad Hayes (born January 26, 1979 in Old Town, Maine) is a former American football tight end.  He graduated from the University of Maine Black Bears in 2001 where he was an All American in 2001.  Hayes went undrafted in the 2002 NFL Draft but played in the National Football League in either the preseason or on the practice squad with the Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, San Diego Chargers and Tennessee Titans.  Prior to the 2002 Draft, Hayes was ranked the 17th best tight end prospect, ahead of future NFL players Jeb Putzier, John Owens, Kori Dickerson and John Gilmore.
Answer: 1922