Question:  iCalamus is a frame-oriented, and which is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page?
Context: iCalamus is a frame-oriented layout and DTP application for macOS which has been developed by the German software company invers Software.  The name iCalamus derives from the software Calamus by the same manufacturer but neither offers document compatibility nor shares a single line of source code with the latter.  (Calamus derives from the Latin name of a writing instrument made of reeds - see Kalamos.) Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.  The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term "graphic design" is used synonymously.  Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.  They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.  Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage. Kali Nikitas (born 1964) received an MFA from CalArts in graphic design a BFA in graphic design from the University of Illinois at Chicago.  She and her husband, Rich Shelton, are the partners of Graphic Design for Love (+$).  Clients have included: The School of Architecture at Northeastern, The Walker Art Center, Southern California Institute of Architecture, The Weisman Museum, and SOO Visual Art Center. Visual hierarchy refers to the arrangement or presentation of elements in a way that implies importance.  In other words, visual hierarchy influences the order in which the human eye perceives what it sees.  This order is created by the visual contrast between forms in a field of perception.  Objects with highest contrast to their surroundings are recognized first by the human mind.  The term visual hierarchy is used most frequently in the discourse of the visual arts fields, notably so within the field of graphic design. Motion graphic design is a subset of graphic design in that it uses graphic design principles in a filmmaking or video production context (or other temporally evolving visual medium) through the use of animation or filmic techniques.  Examples include the kinetic typography and graphics used in film and television opening sequences, and the spinning, three-dimensional station identification logos of some television channels.  The art form has been around for decades, and has advanced in technical sophistication over time. Page layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page.  It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives. Armin Hofmann (HonRDI) (born June 29, 1920) is a Swiss graphic designer.  He began his career in 1947 as a teacher at the Allgemeine Gewerbeschule Basel School of Art and Crafts at the age of twenty-six.  Hofmann followed Emil Ruder as head of the graphic design department at the Schule für Gestaltung Basel (Basel School of Design) and was instrumental in developing the graphic design style known as the Swiss Style.  His teaching methods were unorthodox and broad based, setting new standards that became widely known in design education institutions throughout the world.  His independent insights as an educator, married with his rich and innovative powers of visual expression, created a body of work enormously varied - books, exhibitions, stage sets, logotypes, symbols, typography, posters, sign systems, and environmental graphics.  His work is recognized for its reliance on the fundamental elements of graphic form - point, line, and shape - while subtly conveying simplicity, complexity, representation, and abstraction.  Originating in Russia, Germany and The Netherlands in the 1920s, stimulated by the artistic avant-garde and alongside the International Style in architecture.  He is well known for his posters, which emphasized economical use of colour and fonts, in reaction to what Hofmann regarded as the "trivialization of colour."  His posters have been widely exhibited as works of art in major galleries, such as the New York Museum of Modern Art. In graphic design, a grid is a structure (usually two-dimensional) made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical,horizontal, and angular) or curved guide lines used to structure content.  The grid serves as an armature or framework on which a designer can organize graphic elements (images, glyphs, paragraphs, etc.) in a rational, easy-to-absorb manner.  A grid can be used to organize graphic elements in relation to a page, in relation to other graphic elements on the page, or relation to other parts of the same graphic element or shape. Lorraine Wild was born in Ontario, Canada, but has lived in America for a greater part of her life.  She is a graphic designer, published writer, art historian, and art instructor of design.  In 1973, she entered the Cranbrook Academy of Art program which was, at the time, under the leadership of Michael and Katherine McCoy.  In 1975, she received her BFA.  Two years later, she moved to New York to work for Vignelli Associates from 1977-1978.  During this time, she was researching the history of American graphic design post World War II.  This personal interest of research led her to further studying at Yale University where she earned an MFA degree in 1982.  While at Yale University, she designed "Perspecta 19", which was Yale’s architectural journal.  Along with "Perspecta 19", she also designed the Chamber Works and Theatrum Mundi portfolios for the architect Daniel Libeskind, and the book of architect John Hejduk entitled "Mask of Medusa" in 1985.  Her work on the designs of these books helped launch her fast-growing reputation for thoughtful and distinctive design in books on architecture, art, and design.  Her MFA thesis entitled "Trends in American Graphic Design: 1930-1955" was recognized as an important contribution to design scholarship and led to many commissions for essays.  During the early 1980s, she taught in the University of Houston’s architecture school.  In 1983, she wrote "More Than A Few Questions About Graphic Design Education," which was regarded as a very influential essay.  It was first published in "The Design Journal".  In the article, she gives a provocative analysis which became the driving force for recharacterizing graphic design education in the United States.  From here on, her reputation continued to soar and her work earned national recognition. Multivariate landing page optimization (MVLPO) is a specific form of landing page optimization where multiple variations of visual elements (e.g., graphics, text) on a webpage are evaluated.  For example, a given page may have "k" choices for the title, "m" choices for the featured image or graphic, and "n" choices for the company logo.  This example yields "k×m×n" landing page configurations.
Answer: Page layout