Question: In what year was this English physician born, who, in 1808 described hypertension as a disease?
Context: Sir James Alderson MD, FRS (30 December 1794 – 13 September 1882) was an English physician born and based in Kingston upon Hull.  He was President of the Royal College of Physicians. Asclepiades (Greek: Ἀσκληπιάδης ; c. 124 or 129 – 40 BC), sometimes called Asclepiades of Bithynia or Asclepiades of Prusa, was a Greek physician born at Prusias-on-Sea in Bithynia in Asia Minor and flourished at Rome, where he established Greek medicine near the end of the 2nd century BC.  He attempted to build a new theory of disease, based on the flow of atoms through pores in the body.  His treatments sought to restore harmony through the use of diet, exercise, and bathing. Samuel Jones Gee (13 September 1839 – 3 August 1911) was an English physician and paediatrician.  In 1888, Gee published the first complete modern description of the clinical picture of coeliac disease, and theorised on the importance of diet in its control.  His contribution led to the eponym Gee's disease.  Gee is also credited with the first English-language description of cyclic vomiting syndrome. The modern history of hypertension begins with the understanding of the cardiovascular system based on the work of physician William Harvey (1578–1657), who described the circulation of blood in his book ""De motu cordis"".  The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733.  Descriptions of hypertension as a disease came among others from Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836.  The first report of elevated blood pressure in a person without evidence of kidney disease was made by Frederick Akbar Mahomed (1849–1884).  The concept of hypertensive disease as a generalized circulatory disease was taken up by Sir Clifford Allbutt, who termed the condition “hyperpiesia”.  However hypertension as a medical entity really came into being in 1896 with the invention of the cuff-based sphygmomanometer by Scipione Riva-Rocci in 1896.  This allowed blood pressure to be measured in the clinic.  In 1905, Nikolai Korotkoff improved the technique by describing the Korotkoff sounds that are heard when the artery is ausculated with a stethoscope while the sphygmomanometer cuff is deflated. Jean-Antoine Villemin (January 28, 1827 – October 6, 1892) was a French physician born in Prey, Vosges.  In 1865 he demonstrated that tuberculosis was an infectious disease. Richard Morton (1637–1698) was an English physician who was the first to state that tubercles were always present in the tuberculosis disease of the lungs.  In Morton's time, this wasting disease was termed consumption, or by its Greek name of phthisis.  Recognition of the many possible symptoms of this infection belonging to a single disease was not until the 1820s and it was J.L. Schönlein in 1839 who introduced the term "tuberculosis". Johann Ritter von Oppolzer (4 August 1808 – 16 April 1871) was an Austrian physician born in Nové Hrady, Bohemia.  He was the father of the astronomer Theodor von Oppolzer (1841–1886). Dubowitz syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation and a characteristic facial appearance (small, round, triangular shaped with a pointed, receding chin, a broad, wide-tipped nose, and wide-set eyes with drooping eyelids).  Symptoms vary among patients, but other characteristics include a soft, high pitched voice; partial webbing of fingers and toes; palate deformations; genital abnormalities; eczema; hyperactivity; preference for concrete thinking over abstract; language difficulties and aversion to crowds.  The pathogenesis of the disease is yet to be identified and no medical tests can definitively diagnose the disease.  The main method of diagnosis is through identification of facial phenotype.  Since it was first described in 1965 by English physician Victor Dubowitz, over 140 cases have been reported worldwide.  Although the majority of cases have been reported from the United States, Germany and Russia, the disorder appears to affect both genders and all ethnicities equally. Thomas Young (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was an English polymath and physician.  Young made notable scientific contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology.  He "made a number of original and insightful innovations" in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs (specifically the Rosetta Stone) before Jean-François Champollion eventually expanded on his work.  He was mentioned by, among others, William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein.  Young has been described as "The Last Man Who Knew Everything". Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus.  The virus, part of the orthopoxvirus family, is closely related to the "vaccinia" virus.  The virus is zoonotic, meaning that it is transferable between species, such as from animal to human.  The transferral of the disease was first observed in dairymaids who touched the udders of infected cows and consequently developed the signature pustules on their hands.  Cowpox is more commonly found in animals other than bovines, such as rodents.  Cowpox is similar to, but much milder than, the highly contagious and often deadly smallpox disease.  Its close resemblance to the mild form of smallpox and the observation that dairymaids were immune from smallpox inspired the first smallpox vaccine, created and administered by English physician Edward Jenner.
Answer: 1773