Question: John Tomlinson Brush, was an American sports executive who is primarily remembered as the owner of the New York Giants Major League Baseball franchise from which year, until his death, Brush was also a leader in the formation of the rules that govern the modern World Series?
Context: John Tomlinson Brush (June 15, 1845 – November 26, 1912) was an American sports executive who is primarily remembered as the owner of the New York Giants Major League Baseball franchise from 1890 until his death.  He also owned the Indianapolis Hoosiers in the late 1880s, and the Cincinnati Reds from 1891 to 1902.  Under his leadership, the Giants were revived as a franchise after a decline during the 1890s.  Brush was also a leader in the formation of the rules that govern the modern World Series.  He was one of 11 executives honored by the Baseball Hall of Fame on a Roll of Honor in 1946. "Orioles" is a traditional name for baseball clubs in Baltimore (after the state bird of Maryland, with the colors of black and orange/gold/yellow).  It was used by major league teams representing the port city from 1882 through 1899 in the old American Association and the original National League two decades after its founding in 1876, and by a charter team franchise member of the new American League from 1901 through 1902.  The American League franchise was later shifted against the city's will to New York City with former famous player and now owner/manager John McGraw in 1903 and renamed the New York Highlanders, which later became the modern New York Yankees, a decade later (in order to give the new A.L. "bragging rights" by also having a team in the "Big Apple" versus the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers).  Their string of championships and hall-of-fame roster of players began in the "Roaring Twenties", some baseballers say with the trading of the now famous "Babe Ruth", the "Bambino", and "Sultan of Swat", George Herman Ruth of southwest Baltimore, (formerly briefly with the old, now minor league Orioles of the International League with owner/manager Jack Dunn (1878–1928) in 1914, then traded later in the season to the Boston Red Sox because of new Federal League competition from the neighboring Baltimore Terrapins) now from the also financially pressed Red Sox team in 1919 to the New York Yankees.  Since 1923, the Yankees have compiled 27 World Series championships (with the St. Louis Cardinals being second, having won 11 between 1926 and 2011), and the 1980s are the only decade so far in which they have failed to win at least one title. The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball franchise based in San Diego, California.  The Padres compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division.  Founded in 1969, the Padres have won two NL pennants — in 1984 and 1998, losing in the World Series both years.  As of 2015, they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history.  The Padres are the only other Major League Baseball team (the other being the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) in California to originate from that state; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia (and moved to the state from Kansas City), and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs – Brooklyn and Manhattan, respectively.  The Padres are the only major professional sports franchise to be located in San Diego, following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017. The Curse of Coogan's Bluff (1958–2010) was a baseball-related superstition that allegedly prevented the San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball franchise from winning the World Series following the club's move from New York City to San Francisco after the conclusion of the 1957 season.  The curse began when upset Giants fans in the New York metropolitan area placed a hex on the relocated franchise.  The curse ended when the Giants won the 2010 World Series in their fourth World Series appearance since the move to San Francisco. Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9, 1903 – August 9, 1979) was an American sports executive who owned the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers team in Major League Baseball from 1950 to 1979 .  In 1958 , as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the West Coast, moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers being the 2nd most profitable team in baseball from 1946–1956, and coordinating the move of the New York Giants to San Francisco at a time when there were no teams west of Kansas City, Missouri.  For this, he was long vilified by Brooklyn Dodgers fans.  However, Pro-O'Malley parties describe him as a visionary for the same business action, and many authorities cite him as one of the most influential sportsmen of the 20th century.  Other observers say that he was not a visionary, but instead a man who was in the right place at the right time, and regard him as the most powerful and influential owner in baseball after moving the team. The 2000 World Series was the 96th edition of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s championship series, and the conclusion of the 2000 Major League Baseball season.  A best-of-seven playoff, it featured a crosstown matchup between the two-time defending World Series champions and American League (AL) champion New York Yankees and the National League (NL) champion New York Mets.  The Yankees defeated the Mets four games to one to win their third consecutive championship and 26th overall.  It marks, to date, the last World Series with a repeat champion.  It was the first postseason Subway Series since 1956.  The Yankees were in the World Series for the third consecutive season and fourth in the past five years, and 37th overall.  This made it the most of any team in MLB.  The Mets qualified to play in the World Series for the fourth time in franchise history, making this the most of any expansion franchise in MLB and its first since winning the 1986 World Series.  This is the most recent World Series in which both participating teams had made the postseason the previous year. The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California.  They play in the National League West division.  Also known in their early years as the "New York Gothams" (1883–84) and "New York Giants" (1885–1957), pitchers for the Giants have thrown 17 no-hitters in franchise history.  A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only "when a pitcher (or pitchers) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings".  No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form.  A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball has still never had a pitcher accomplish the feat, and teams may go decades without recording one.  A perfect game, a special subcategory of no-hitter, was finally thrown by Matt Cain on June 13, 2012.  As defined by Major League Baseball, "in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game."  Previously, this feat came closest on July 4, 1908 when Hooks Wiltse was hit by a pitch with two outs in the ninth and a scoreless tie.  The plate umpire, Cy Rigler, claimed he should have called the previous pitch strike three, that would have ended the inning with a perfection.  Wiltse would go on to retire all three in the tenth to end the game after the Giants scored a run in the top of the tenth. The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) and concludes the MLB postseason.  First played in 1903, the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff and is a contest between the champions of baseball's National League (NL) and American League (AL).  Often referred to as the "Fall Classic", the modern World Series has been played every year since 1903 with two exceptions: in 1904, when the NL champion New York Giants declined to play the AL champion Boston Americans; and in 1994, when the series was canceled due to the players' strike. The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team.  The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy.  As the series is played in October (and occasionally November), during the fall season in North America, it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic. The World Series, the modern championship series of Major League Baseball, began in 1903, and was established as an annual event in 1905.  Before the formation of the American Association (AA), there were no playoff rounds—all championships went to the team with the best record at the end of the season.  In the initial season of the National League (NL) in 1876, there was controversy as to which team was the champion: the Chicago White Stockings, who had the best overall record (52–14), or the St. Louis Brown Stockings (45–19), who were the only team to have a winning record against every other franchise in the league.  The teams agreed to play a five-game "Championship of the West" series, won by St. Louis, 4 games to 1.  Beginning in 1884, the championship series between the National League and the American Association were promoted and referred to as the "World's Championship Series" (WCS), or "World's Series" for short; however, they are not officially recognized by Major League Baseball as part of World Series history.  Though early publications, such as Ernest Lanigan's "Baseball Cyclopedia" and Turkin and Thompson's "Encyclopedia of Baseball", listed the 19th-century games on an equal basis with those of the 20th century, "Sporting News" publications about the World Series, which began in the 1920s, ignored the 19th-century games, as did most publications about the Series after 1960.  Major League Baseball, in general, regards 19th-century events as a prologue to the modern era of baseball, which is defined by the emergence of the two present major leagues.
Answer: 1890