Question: "The American Scholar" was a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1837, to the Phi Beta Kappa Society of a university founded in what year? 
Context: The Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science is given annually by the Phi Beta Kappa Society to authors of significant books in the fields of science and mathematics.  The award was first given in 1959 to anthropologist Loren Eiseley. Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University.  Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world. Ralph Waldo Emerson Community Charter School (formerly Ralph Waldo Emerson Middle School and commonly referred to as Emerson) is a charter middle school in the Los Angeles Unified School District in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, United States.  It was designed by famed architect Richard Neutra and was named in honor of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American author, poet, and philosopher. "The American Scholar" was a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson on August 31, 1837, to the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College at the First Parish in Cambridge in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  He was invited to speak in recognition of his groundbreaking work "Nature", published a year earlier, in which he established a new way for America's fledgling society to regard the world.  Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping "from under its iron lids" and building a new, distinctly American cultural identity. The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest honor society for the liberal arts and sciences in the United States.  It is widely recognized, and is considered as the nation's most prestigious honor society.  Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities.  It was founded at The College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity and was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies. Robert S. Wilson (born 1951) is an American magazine editor and author.  He is the editor of "The American Scholar", the literary journal of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.  He took that position in 2004, after having previously been the literary editor at "Civilization" magazine and the editor of "Preservation" magazine.  Wilson has also written two biographies set in nineteenth century America, and he has edited a collection of essays from "Preservation". A pledge pin is a common custom of United States fraternities and sororities in which a pin is worn by pledges for the duration of the pledging period, usually during all times not considered dangerous to do so (during sports, etc.).  In the context of fraternities and sororities, the Phi Beta Kappa society founded on December 5, 1776 was the first.  This organization's earliest emblem of recognition was a silver square medal with the initials S.P. and the date December 5, 1776 engraved on the one side, with the Greek letters ΦΒΚ (Phi Beta Kappa) engraved on the other side.  This emblem from the first "American Greek" organization would be the first use of an emblem in identifying a member of the organization. William Allison Shimer (1894-1983) was an American professor of philosophy.  From 1932 to 1943 he served as the first editor of the Phi Beta Kappa Society's literary journal, "The American Scholar".  After a stint as president of Marietta College, he spent the latter part of his life teaching in Hawaii and working for the World Brotherhood, an international organization founded under the auspices of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. The American Scholar is the quarterly literary magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, established in 1932.  The magazine has won fourteen National Magazine Awards from the American Society of Magazine Editors from 1999 to present, including awards for General Excellence (circulation >100,000).  Additionally, the magazine has won four UTNE Independent Press Awards from "Utne Reader", most recently in 2011 in the category "Best Writing". The Ralph Waldo Emerson Award is a non-fiction literary award given by the Phi Beta Kappa society, the oldest academic society of the United States, for books that have made the most significant contributions to the humanities.  Albert William Levi won the first of these awards, in 1960.
Answer: 1636