Question: When did the Operation that seized the territories formally claimed by  Manchukuo began
Context: The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, also known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation ("Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция" , lit.  "Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastupatelnaya Operaciya") or simply the Manchurian Operation ("Маньчжурская операция"), began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.  It was the last campaign of the Second World War, and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace.  Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea.  The Soviet entry into the war and the defeat of the Kwantung Army was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally, as it made apparent the Soviet Union would no longer be willing to act as a third party in negotiating an end to hostilities on conditional terms. The Bosnian crisis of 1908–09, also known as the Annexation crisis or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted when on 8 October 1908, Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formally within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.  This unilateral action—timed to coincide with Bulgaria's declaration of independence (5 October) from the Ottoman Empire—sparked protestations from all the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbours, Serbia and Montenegro.  In April 1909 the Treaty of Berlin was amended to reflect the "fait accompli" and bring the crisis to an end.  The crisis permanently damaged relations between Austria-Hungary on one hand and Serbia, Italy and the Russian Empire on the other.  The Italian historian Luigi Albertini regarded it as laying the grounds for World War I.  Although the crisis ended with what appeared to be a total Austro-Hungarian diplomatic victory, Russia became determined not to back down again and hastened its military build-up.  Austrian–Serbian relations became permanently stressed. Manchukuo (: "Mǎnzhōuguó"literally: " State of Manchuria" ) was a puppet state in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, which was governed under a form of constitutional monarchy.  The area, collectively known as Manchuria by westerners and Japanese, was designated by China's erstwhile Qing Dynasty as the "homeland" of the ruling family's ethnic group, the Manchus.  In 1931, the region was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident and a pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and emperor.  Manchukuo's government was abolished in 1945 after the defeat of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II.  The territories formally claimed by the puppet state were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year. The U.S. state of West Virginia was formed out of western Virginia and added to the Union as a direct result of the American Civil War (see History of West Virginia).  In the summer of 1861, Union troops under General George McClellan drove off Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee.  This essentially freed Unionists in the northwestern counties of Virginia to form a functioning government of their own as a result of the Wheeling Convention.  Prior to the admission of West Virginia the government in Wheeling formally claimed jurisdiction over all of Virginia, although from its creation it was firmly committed to the formation of a separate state. After Nader Shah was assassinated in 1747, his nephew Ali Qoli (who may have been involved in the assassination plot) seized the throne and proclaimed himself Adil Shah (meaning: The Just King).  He ordered the execution of all Nader's sons and grandsons, with the exception of the 13-year-old Shahrokh, the son of Reza Qoli.  Meanwhile, Nader's former treasurer, Ahmad Shah Abdali, had declared his independence by founding the Durrani Empire.  In the process, the eastern territories were lost and in the following decades became part of Afghanistan, the successor-state to the Durrani Empire.  The Ottomans regained lost territories in Eastern Anatolia and Mesopotamia.  The northern territories, Iran's most integral regions, had a different fate.  Erekle II and Teimuraz II, who, in 1744, had been made the kings of Kakheti and Kartli respectively by Nader himself for their loyal service, capitalized on the eruption of instability, and declared "de facto" independence.  Erekle II assumed control over Kartli after Teimuraz II's death, thus unifying the two as the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, becoming the first Georgian ruler in three centuries to preside over a politically unified eastern Georgia.  Due to the frantic turn of events in mainland Iran he would be able to remain "de facto" autonomous through the Zand period.  Under the successive Qajar dynasty, Iran managed to restore Iranian suzerainty over the Georgian regions, until they would be irrevocably lost in the course of the 19th century, to neighbouring Imperial Russia.  Meanwhile, Azad Khan Afghan (who was a member of Nader Shah's army and participated in the Indian campaign) managed to take control over the land between the Aras river, and the Urmia Lake by 1750.  Azad Khan would later go on to capture Isfahan and occupy Shiraz, before losing all his territories by 1758 to Karim Khan.  Meanwhile, the Absheron Peninsula and surrounding territories, were under the control of the Khanate of Baku, while the Avar Khanate took control over modern day Dagestan.  Alongside eastern Georgia, these territories would all be re-incorporated into Iran but eventually permanently and irrevocably lost as well in the course of the 19th century, through the two Russo-Persian Wars of the century, to neighbouring Imperial Russia.  Lastly, Oman and the Uzbek khanates of Bukhara and Khiva regained independence. Queen Maud Land (Norwegian: "Dronning Maud Land" ) is a c. 2.7 million-square-kilometre (1 million sq mi) region of Antarctica claimed as a dependent territory by Norway.  The territory lies between 20° west and 45° east, between the self-claimed British Antarctic Territory to the west and the similarly self-claimed Australian Antarctic Territory to the east.  On most maps there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land's borders of 1939 and the South Pole until June 12, 2015 when Norway formally claimed that area.  Positioned in East Antarctica, the territory comprises about one-fifth of the total area of Antarctica.  The claim is named after the Norwegian queen Maud of Wales (1869–1938). The Boy Scouts of Manchukuo ( "Mǎnzhōuguó Tóngzǐ Tuán Liánméng") was a Scouting association of Manchukuo.  The Japanese military seized Manchuria in 1931, created the puppet government of Manchukuo in 1938, and controlled it until 1945.  The Manchukuo government also set up Japanese-style Scouting in schools, which included para-military training. Operation Kugown relied on the media to inform the Guatemalan people on the extent to which communism had infiltrated Guatemala.  This was largely derived from the documents seized by the PBHistory team.  The analyzed documents were then translated into Spanish and distributed throughout Guatemala.  Furthermore, the minister of propaganda in Guatemala held a press conference to discuss the findings of the Committee, which were actually the findings of the PBHistory team.  Operation Kugown had three primary objectives.  The first objective was to use the documents seized by the PBhistory in order to inform the Guatemalan people on the extent to which communism had infiltrated their country.  The second objective was to publicize this to Latin America and the rest of the world.  The last object was to solidify the position of the National Committee of Defense Against Communism (Comite de Defensa Nacional contra el Communismo) within the Guatemalan government.  It was believed that with status the Committee could continue to track the movements of communists and communist activists and prevent further communist intervention within the region.  Numerous press kits were realized to the local and international press.  Understandably, the local press coverage was extensive.  However, the International press failed to pick up many of the stories and the events in Guatemala were largely ignored.  As indicated in the CIA summary of the operation, the "results of the third objective were considered eminently satisfactory.  In all releases it was stressed that the committee not only was chasing communists, but was also looking for the documentation that reward valiant anti-communists.  It was also emphasized that the Committee was working on the record of Red penetration for the benefit of future threats in the Americas, etc." The Manchukuo Temporary Government is an organisation established in 2004 in Hong Kong.  On its website, it claims to be the government in exile of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet state with limited recognition which controlled northeast China from 1932 to 1945; it seeks to revive the state and to separate it from the People's Republic of China, which controls its claimed territory.  Journalists and internet users have expressed doubts about its authenticity and aims. Wilkes Land is a large district of land in eastern Antarctica, formally claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory, though the validity of this claim has been placed for the period of the operation of the Antarctic Treaty, to which Australia is a signatory.  It fronts on the southern Indian Ocean between Queen Mary Coast and Adelie Land, extending from Cape Hordern in 100°31' E to Pourquoi Pas Point, in 136°11' E.  The region extends as a sector about 2600 km towards the South Pole, with an estimated land area of 2,600,000 km², mostly glaciated.  It is further subdivided in the following coastal areas which can also be thought of as sectors extending to the South Pole:
Answer: 9 August 1945