Question: Which case was brought to court first Aptheker v. Secretary of State or Gideon v. Wainwright ?
Context: Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.  The case was decided a year after the court held in "Gideon v. Wainwright", 372 U.S. 335 (1963) that indigent criminal defendants had a right to be provided counsel at trial. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963) , is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history.  In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys.  The case extended the right to counsel, which had been found under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to impose requirements on the federal government, by ruling that this right imposed those requirements upon the states as well. Clarence Earl Gideon (August 30, 1910 – January 18, 1972) was a poor drifter accused in a Florida state court of felony theft.  His case resulted in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision "Gideon v. Wainwright", holding that a criminal defendant who cannot afford to hire a lawyer must be provided with a lawyer at no cost. Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that denied counsel to indigent defendants when prosecuted by a state.  It was famously overruled by "Gideon v. Wainwright". Bruce R. Jacob (born March 26, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois) was Assistant Attorney General for the State of Florida during the early 1960s, whose biggest case was Gideon v. Wainwright, arguing that Clarence Gideon, an indigent, poorly educated man charged with a felony, had no right to be provided with counsel by the State of Florida.  Twenty-two states filed briefs in opposition to Jacob's position. Gideon's Trumpet is a book by Anthony Lewis describing the story behind "Gideon v. Wainwright", in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that criminal defendants have the right to an attorney even if they cannot afford one.  In 1965, the book won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Fact Crime book. People v. Marsden is a 1970 California Supreme Court decision that held it was error for the trial court to deny a defendant's motion to relieve his court-appointed counsel without holding a hearing to allow the defendant to explain his grounds.  The trial court had denied the motion based on the trial judge's own observations of the proceedings and belief that the attorney was providing effective representation.  Criminal defendants in the United States have the right to appointed counsel if they cannot afford to hire an attorney under the Sixth Amendment as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright. Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case on the right to travel and passport restrictions as they relate to Fifth Amendment due process rights and First Amendment free speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of association rights.  It is the first case in which the US Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of personal restrictions on the right to travel abroad. W. Fred Turner (April 17, 1922 – November 23, 2003) was an American attorney.  He successfully defended Clarence Earl Gideon in his retrial after the "Gideon v. Wainwright" case overturned his conviction.  The story behind this case was told in Anthony Lewis's 1964 book "Gideon's Trumpet".  Discussion of Turner's role is in the Epilogue, pages 234-250. Louie Lee Wainwright (born September 11, 1923) was Secretary of the Florida Division of Corrections from 1962 to 1987, more than a quarter of a century.  He is most famous for being the named respondent in two U.S. Supreme Court cases: "Gideon v. Wainwright" in which indigents are guaranteed an attorney, and "Ford v. Wainwright", in which the Court approved the common law rule prohibiting the execution of the insane.  Time Magazine called the "Gideon" decision one of the ten most important legal events of the 1960s.  He also appeared as the respondent in a number of habeas corpus petitions that reached the Supreme Court level during his long tenure in office, making "Wainwright" one of the most familiar names to students of habeas corpus law.
Answer: Gideon v. Wainwright