Question: Thinkers of the New Left and Antonio Gramsci both lean in which direction concerning politics?
Context: Political communication(s) is a subfield of communication and political science that is concerned with how information spreads and influences politics and policy makers, the news media and citizens.  Since the advent of the World Wide Web, the amount of data to analyze has exploded, and researchers are shifting to computational methods to study the dynamics of political communication.  In recent years, machine learning, natural language processing, and network analysis have become key tools in the subfield.  It deals with the production, dissemination, procession and effects of information, both through mass media and interpersonally, within a political context.  This includes the study of the media, the analysis of speeches by politicians and those that are trying to influence the political process, and formal and informal conversations among members of the public, among other aspects.  The media acts as bridge between government and public.  Political communication can be defined as the connection concerning politics and citizens and the interaction modes that connect these groups to each other.  Whether the relationship is formed by the modes of persuasion, Pathos, Ethos or Logos. Western Marxism is a body of various Marxist theoreticians based in Western and Central Europe, in contrast with philosophy in the Soviet Union.  György Lukács's "History and Class Consciousness" and Karl Korsch's "Marxism and Philosophy", first published in 1923, are often seen as the works that inaugurated this current of thought.  The phrase "Western Marxism" was coined by Maurice Merleau-Ponty at a much later date, 1953.  Antonio Gramsci is also of great significance, though many of his writings were not translated into English until comparatively late, with ""Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci"" appearing in 1978. Alfred Willi Rudolf "Rudi" Dutschke (] ; March 7, 1940 – December 24, 1979) was the most prominent spokesperson of the German student movement of the 1960s.  He advocated a "long march through the institutions of power" to create radical change from within government and society by becoming an integral part of the machinery.  This was an idea he took up from his interpretation of Antonio Gramsci and the Frankfurt school of Critical Theory; accordingly, the quote is often wrongfully attributed to Gramsci.  In the 1970s he followed through on this idea by joining the nascent Green movement. Antonio Francesco Gramsci (] ,    ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist theorist and politician.  He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics.  He attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist.  He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. Renate Holub (born 6 October 1946 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany) is a political philosopher and critical social theorist.  After studying in Paris, Madrid, London and Rome she received advanced degrees at the University of Wisconsin–Madison(USA).  Her dissertation focused on the Italian enlightenment philosopher Giambattista Vico.  She has also published a study of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, entitled "Antonio Gramsci: Beyond Marxism and Postmodernism."  (1992) Currently, she lives in the San Francisco area and is Professor and Director of the Interdisciplinary Studies department at the University of California, Berkeley.  Over the past decade, her research has focused on Intellectuals, Rights, and States in a variety of global regions of both developed and developing economies. Antonio Gramsci: i giorni del carcere (internationally released as Antonio Gramsci: The Days of Prison) is a 1977 Italian drama film directed by Lino Del Fra.  It was awarded with the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival. Passive revolution is a term coined by Italian politician and philosopher Antonio Gramsci during the interwar period in Italy.  Gramsci coined the term to refer to a significant change that is not a rupturous one, but a slow and gradual metamorphosis which could take years or generations to accomplish. The Prison Notebooks (Italian: "Quaderni del carcere" ] ) were a series of essays written by the Italian neo-Marxist Antonio Gramsci.  Gramsci was imprisoned by the Italian Fascist regime in 1926.  The notebooks were written between 1929 and 1935, when Gramsci was released from prison on grounds of ill-health.  He died in April 1937. Antonio Labriola (] ; July 2, 1843 – February 12, 1904) was an Italian Marxist theoretician.  Although an academic philosopher and never an active member of any Marxist political party, his thought exerted influence on many political theorists in Italy during the early 20th century, including the founder of the Italian Liberal Party, Benedetto Croce and the leaders of the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga. Thinkers of the New Left is a 1985 book by the English philosopher Roger Scruton, in which the author analyses and criticizes the New Left.  Scruton concentrates on 14 authors he considers representatives of the movement: E. P. Thompson, Ronald Dworkin, Michel Foucault, R. D. Laing, Raymond Williams, Rudolf Bahro, Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Immanuel Wallerstein, Jürgen Habermas, Perry Anderson, György Lukács, John Kenneth Galbraith and Jean-Paul Sartre.  "Thinkers of the New Left" proved controversial because of Scruton's attacks on the British left, and according to Scruton himself, its reception damaged his career.  Some of the material in "Thinkers of the New Left" appeared in reworked form in a 2015 book titled "Fools, Frauds and Firebrands".
Answer: left