Question: In what year did the venue of the 2003 Insight Bowl open?
Context: Chase Field, formerly Bank One Ballpark, is a baseball park located in Downtown Phoenix, Arizona.  It is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise.  It opened in 1998, in time for the Diamondbacks' first game as an expansion team.  Chase Field was the first stadium built in the United States with a retractable roof over a natural-grass playing surface. The 2005 edition of the Insight Bowl was the 17th edition to the bowl game.  It featured the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Rutgers Scarlet Knights.  Arizona State exploded offensively in the game scoring 45 points, and an Insight Bowl record 679 yards of total offense. The 2012 Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas, the seventh edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game held on December 28, 2012 at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas as part of the 2012-13 NCAA football bowl season.  The game, which was the final game of the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season for both teams, was broadcast at 8 PM CT on ESPN, and featured the Minnesota Golden Gophers from the Big Ten Conference against the Texas Tech Red Raiders from the Big 12 Conference.  The Golden Gophers accepted their invitation after finishing the regular season at six-wins, six-losses, while the Red Raiders accepted their invitation following a campaign during which they totaled seven-wins, five-losses.  This was not the first time the Golden Gophers and Red Raiders met in a bowl game; the two teams had previously met in the 2006 Insight Bowl, with the Red Raiders winning 44–41 in overtime. The 2002 Insight Bowl was the 14th edition to the Insight Bowl, formerly known as the Copper Bowl and the Insight.com Bowl.  It featured the Panthers of the University of Pittsburgh and the Beavers of Oregon State University. The 2008 Kansas Jayhawks football team (variously "Kansas", "KU", or the "Jayhawks") represented the University of Kansas in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  It was the school's 119th year of intercollegiate football.  The team was looking to continue the success of the prior season in which they lost only a single conference game and went on to win the Orange Bowl.  In the ninth week, after defeating Kansas State 52–21, the Jayhawks became Bowl eligible for the fourth consecutive year, a school record.  Also, for the first time in school history, Kansas made back-to-back appearances in a Bowl game after accepting the invitation to play in the Insight Bowl versus the Minnesota Golden Gophers.  The team finished the regular season with a victory over their archrival, the Missouri Tigers (who was then ranked 13th in the BCS Poll), in the Border War.  The Jayhawks concluded the season with an 8–5 overall record (4–4 in the Big 12 Conference). The 2016 Cactus Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 27, 2016 at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona.  This was the twenty-eighth edition of the Cactus Bowl, which was previously known as the Copper Bowl, the Insight.com Bowl, the Insight Bowl, and the Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl.  Sponsored by the Motel 6 chain of budget motels, the game is officially known as the Motel 6 Cactus Bowl. The 2016 Cactus Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on January 2, 2016 at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona.  This was the twenty-seventh edition of the Cactus Bowl, which was originally known as the Copper Bowl, Insight.com Bowl, the Insight Bowl, and the Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl.  Sponsored by the Motel 6 chain of budget motels, the game was officially known as the Motel 6 Cactus Bowl. The 2001 GMAC Bowl, a college football bowl game held on December 19 at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, pitted the Marshall Thundering Herd, then of the Mid-American Conference, against the East Carolina Pirates from Conference USA.  This game featured what was then the biggest comeback in NCAA Division I-A (now Division I FBS) bowl history, as Marshall came back from a 38-8 halftime deficit to force overtime and eventually win 64-61 in double overtime.  It was also the highest-scoring bowl game in history, breaking the previous record set when Texas Tech defeated Air Force 55-41 in the 1995 Copper Bowl.  Although the record for greatest bowl comeback was broken by Texas Tech when it returned to the Copper Bowl, by then renamed the Insight Bowl, in 2006, the 2001 GMAC Bowl remains the highest-scoring bowl game ever. Kerry Meier (born November 12, 1986) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League.  He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL Draft.  He played college football at the University of Kansas.  A former quarterback turned wide receiver in college, he broke multiple Kansas receiving records and played a key role in the Jayhawks winning the 2008 Orange Bowl his sophomore year as well as helping lead the Jayhawks to win the 2008 Insight Bowl his junior year. The 2003 Insight Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the Virginia Tech Hokies and the California Golden Bears at Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix, Arizona, on December 26, 2003.  The game was the final contest of the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 52–49 victory for California.  Cal and Virginia Tech combined for 101 points; only the 2001 GMAC Bowl saw more points scored by two teams in a bowl game without overtime.
Answer: 1998