Question: Tarrafal was a prison camp established by a politician and economist who founded and led what?
Context: Lora prison camp (a.k.a. the Military Investigation Prison Lora) was a prison camp in Split, Croatia.  It was active from 1992 to 1997 with mainly Serbian residents of Split and prisoners of war being imprisoned.  The camp was the site of human rights abuses resulting in a controversial trial, acquittal, retrial and conviction of prison guards. Zhongma Fortress — or Zhong Ma Prison Camp, or Unit Tōgō — was a prison camp where the Japanese Kwantung Army carried out covert biological warfare research on human test subjects.  Built in Beiyinhe, outside of Harbin, Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the camp served as a center for human subject experimentation and could hold up to 1,000 prisoners at any given time.  In 1937 the prison camp was destroyed and testing operations were transferred to Pingfang under Unit 731. The Nocra prison camp was an Italian prison camp established for on the island of Nocra, off the coast of Massawa, in Italian colony of Eritrea, that was used to intern political prisoners. Chão Bom (Capeverdean Creole, ALUPEK: "Txon Bom", earlier Badiu: "Tchon Bom") is a settlement in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.  It is situated near the west coast, 3 km southeast of Tarrafal on the main road (EN1-ST01) linking south to Assomada and Praia and has another road passing through the west of the island.  Its 2010 population was 5,166 making it the fifth most populated community on the island and second in the municipality.  A small wide stream surrounds the north part and flows northeast, north then west of the village into the bay, to the south are the Serra Malagueta mountains.  The Tarrafal prison camp was situated north of Chão Bom. Camp Cusino was created in 1951.  It is located one mile west of Shingleton, Michigan.  The camp was officially called the Cusino Corrections Prison Work Camp and was part of the Corrections Conservation Prison Camp Program in the State of Michigan.  The name Cusino was taken from a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camp that was located four miles east of Melstrand, Michigan.  In 1951, some of the CCC buildings were moved to Shingleton for the prison camp.  The inmates were trustee status and many worked for the neighboring Cusino Wildlife Research Station.  Other inmates were transported daily to do timber stand improvement and maintain area state parks.  In 1968 the camp held 93 prisoners with nine staff.  In 1979 the old wooden barracks were replaced with modern block buildings.  In 1996 the prison camp population was 350.  The security level of the prisoners was increased and the camp proper was fenced in with cyclone/razor wire fencing. Tarrafal (also known as "Campo da Morte Lenta" in Portuguese ["Camp of the Slow Death"]) was a prison camp in the Portuguese colony of Cape Verde.  The penal colony was established by the Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.  It housed opponents to Portugal's right-wing authoritarian regime.  Due to the harsh conditions, at least 32 political prisoners died in the camp. The Veidal Prison Camp (Norwegian: "Veidal fangeleir" , German: "Gefangenenlager Veidal Kvænangen" ) was established in Kvænangen in August 1942 by the German occupation authorities.  The prison camp was a subunit of the Grini Prison Camp and, together with the Badderen Prison Camp, was created to erect snow fences and build snow sheds along a 6 km length of roadway over the mountain Kvænangsfjellet.  Four hundred prisoners from the Grini camp were sent to Kvænangsfjellet to assist Norwegian civilian laborers with the construction.  The prisoners remained on the mountain for three months, from August 14, 1942 to November 11, 1942. Camp Chase was a military staging and training camp established in Columbus, Ohio in May 1861 after the start of the American Civil War.  It also included a large Union-operated prison camp for Confederate prisoners during the American Civil War. António de Oliveira Salazar (] ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese politician and economist who was Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.  Salazar founded and led the "Estado Novo" ("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974. Nellis Prison Camp was a United States federal minimum-security prison, also known as a Federal Prison Camp (FPC), located on Nellis Air Force Base in the state of Nevada.  The camp was operational between 1989 and 2006.  Notable former inmates include Peter Bacanovic who was convicted along with Martha Stewart of various crimes in the ImClone scandal, and Larry Jay Levine founder of Wall Street Prison Consultants.
Answer: the "Estado Novo"