Question: José Agdamag was a Filipino sports shooter who served in the 41st Infantry Division for the Philippines and survived the Bataan Death March, which was the forcible transfer of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war by what army?
Context: The Battle of Bataan (7 January – 9 April 1942) represented the most intense phase of Imperial Japan's invasion of the Philippines during World War II.  In January 1942, forces of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy invaded Luzon along with several islands in the Philippine Archipelago after the bombing of the American naval base at Pearl Harbor.  The commander-in-chief of all Filipino and American forces in the islands, General Douglas MacArthur, consolidated all of his Luzon-based units on the Bataan Peninsula to fight against the Japanese invaders.  By this time, the Japanese controlled nearly all of Southeast Asia.  The Bataan peninsula and the island of Corregidor were the only remaining Allied strongholds in the region.  Despite a lack of supplies, Filipino and American forces managed to fight the Japanese for three months, engaging them initially in a fighting retreat southward.  As the combined Filipino and American forces made a last stand, the delay cost the Japanese valuable time and prevented immediate victory across the Pacific.  The surrender at Bataan, with 76,000 soldiers surrendering in the Philippines altogether, was the largest in American and Filipino military histories, and was the largest United States surrender since the American Civil War's Battle of Harper's Ferry.  Soon afterwards, Filipino and American prisoners of war were forced into the Bataan Death March. The Cabanatuan American Memorial, formally known as Camp Pangatian, is a World War II memorial located near Cabanatuan City, Philippines.  Camp Pangatian was a military training camp for twenty years until it was converted into a concentration camp for allied prisoners of war during the Japanese occupation.  The liberation of Camp Pangatian is known as the most successful tactical rescue mission ever executed by the American military.  They were aided by Filipino guerrillas who were fighting the invaders.  The Raid at Cabanatuan was the result of both the Bataan Death March and Prisoner-of-war camp.  Although the Bataan Death March was a significant historical event, the establishment of its memorial in Cabanatuan was not mentioned in any major U.S. news outlets.  This tactical operation was immortalized in the movie The Great Raid.  The memorial was dedicated on April 12, 1982 by the survivors of the Bataan Death March and the prisoner-of-war camp at Cabanatuan during World War II.  The memorial has been maintained by the American Battle Grounds Commission since 1989.  Prior to this, it was maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission. San Fernando City station or simply San Fernando station is a defunct railway station of the PNR Northrail line of Philippine National Railways.  It is situated San Fernando, Pampanga.  Historically, the old PNR train station was the site of a stopping place for Filipino and American prisoners of war during the Bataan death march in 1942. The Bataan Death March (Filipino: "Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan"; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: "Batān Shi no Kōshin") was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war from Saysain Point, Bagac, Bataan and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell, Capas, Tarlac, via San Fernando, Pampanga, where the prisoners were loaded onto trains.  The transfer began on April 9, 1942, after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II.  The total distance marched from Mariveles to San Fernando and from the Capas Train Station to Camp O'Donnell is variously reported by differing sources as between 60 and .  Differing sources also report widely differing prisoner of war casualties prior to reaching Camp O'Donnell: from 5,000 to 18,000 Filipino deaths and 500 to 650 American deaths during the march.  The march was characterized by severe physical abuse and wanton killings, and was later judged by an Allied military commission to be a Japanese war crime. William Edwin "Ed" Dyess (August 9, 1916 – December 22, 1943) was an officer of the United States Army Air Corps during World War II.  He was captured after the Allied loss at the Battle of Bataan and endured the subsequent Bataan Death March.  After a year in captivity, he escaped and spent three months on the run before being evacuated from the Philippines by a U.S. submarine.  Once back in the U.S., he recounted the story of his capture and imprisonment, providing the first widely published eye-witness account of the brutality of the Death March.  He returned to duty in the Army Air Forces but was killed in a training accident months later. Willibald Charles Bianchi (March 12, 1915 – January 9, 1945) was an officer in the Philippine Scouts who received the Medal of Honor for actions in Bataan, Philippines during that country's capitulation to Japanese forces during World War II.  After the action near Bagac in the Bataan Province, Bianchi was among the troops captured by the Japanese at the fall of Bataan, on April 9, 1942.  He was part of the Bataan "Death March," and was imprisoned in several Japanese prisoner of war camps, enduring horrible conditions.  He was known for his compassion and efforts to better the lot of his fellow prisoners by bartering with their captors for extra food and medicine.  On January 9, 1945, while imprisoned in an unmarked Japanese prison ship, Bianchi was killed instantly when an American plane, unaware that the ship contained American prisoners, dropped a 1,000-pound bomb in the cargo hold.  Bianchi is one of three members of the Philippine Scouts who were awarded the Medal of Honor. The 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team ("Sunset") is an element in the Oregon Army National Guard.  Headquartered at Camp Withycombe, Clackamas, Oregon, it was part of the 7th Infantry Division based at Ft. Carson in Colorado (inactivated in 2006).  The brigade traces its lineage back to the 41st Infantry Division. The 4th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry regiment, whose lineage is traced back to the mid-19th century.  It was one of the most effective units of the Army against American Indians on the Texas frontier.  Today, the regiment exists as separate squadrons within the U.S. Army.  The 1st Squadron of the 4th Cavalry's official nickname is "Quarterhorse", which alludes to its 1/4 Cav designation.  The 3rd Squadron of the 4th Cavalry's official nickname is "Raiders".  Today, the "1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry", "2nd Squadron, 4th Cavalry", "4th Squadron, 4th Cavalry", and "6th Squadron, 4th Cavalry" are parts of the 1st Infantry Division, while the "3rd Squadron, 4th Cavalry" serves as part of the 25th Infantry Division.  On 23 September 2009, the "4th Squadron, 4th Cavalry" officially stood up at Fort Riley, Kansas as part of the 1st "Devil" Brigade, 1st Infantry Division.  On 28 March 2008, the "5th Squadron, 4th Cavalry" officially stood up at Fort Riley, Kansas as part of the 2nd "Dagger" Brigade, 1st Infantry Division.  The 6th Squadron, 4th Cavalry served as part of the recently inactivated 1st Infantry Division, 3rd "Duke" Brigade, at Fort Knox, Kentucky. José Agdamag (22 June 1921 – 15 March 2011) was a Filipino sports shooter.  He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics, the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1958 Asian Games.  Prior to the Olympics, he served in the 41st Infantry Division for the Philippines and survived the Bataan Death March in 1942.  Along with his son, Vicente, they wrote the book "150 Days of Hell", about the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. Vicente Podico Lim (February 24, 1888 – December 31, 1944) was a Filipino Brigadier General and hero during World War II.  Lim was the first Filipino graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point (Class of 1914).  Prior to the establishment of the Philippine Army, he served as an officer in the Philippine Scouts (a now-defunct component of the US Army).  During the Battle of Bataan, Lim was the Commanding General of the 41st Infantry Division, Philippine Army (USAFFE).  After the fall of the Philippines he contributed to the Filipino resistance movement until he was captured and subsequently executed.
Answer: the Imperial Japanese Army