Question: What French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement lived in exile during Napoleon III's reign?
Context: The Garde mobile ("Mobile Guard"; also called Garde nationale mobile though it had nothing to do with the "Garde nationale") was intended to be the body which would in effect conscript all who had been able to avoid military service.  The Garde would also take in all conscripts on completion of their army service.  Napoleon III took up the idea and announced on 12 December 1866 that the "Garde Mobile" would eventually attain a strength of 400,000 troops.  Its members were colloquially known as ""Moblots"".  It origins lay in the crises that led up to the Franco-Prussian War, when Adolphe Niel, Minister of War for France under Emperor Napoleon III, attempted to bolster French military power creating a service which would provide reserves to be added to the regular French army.  Although there was conscription into the army, not only was it not universal but middle-class people could purchase exemptions for their sons in a system known as "Remplacement". Maximilian (Spanish: "Maximiliano"; born "Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph"; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.  He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph I.  After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico.  France (along with the United Kingdom and Spain, who both withdrew the following year after negotiating agreements with Mexico's democratic government) had invaded Mexico in the winter of 1861, as part of the War of the French Intervention.  Seeking to legitimize French rule in the Americas, Napoleon III invited Maximilian to establish a new Mexican monarchy for him.  With the support of the French army, and a group of conservative Mexican monarchists hostile to the liberal administration of new Mexican President Benito Juárez, Maximilian traveled to Mexico.  Once there, he declared himself Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864. During the Second French Empire, the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870), Paris was the largest city in continental Europe and a leading center for finance, commerce, fashion, and the arts.  The population of the city grew dramatically, from about one million persons to two million, partially because the city was greatly enlarged through the annexation of eleven surrounding communes.  These additions, which led to the creation of eight new arrondissements, brought the city to its present boundaries.  In 1853, Napoleon III and his prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugene Haussmann, began a massive public works project, constructing new boulevards and parks, theaters, markets and monuments, a project he continued seventeen years until his downfall. The Imperial Guard of Napoleon III was a military corps in the French Army formed by Napoleon III as a re-establishment of his uncle Napoleon I's Imperial Guard, with an updated version of the original uniforms and almost the same privileges. The Undefeated is a 1969 American Western and Civil War era film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and John Wayne (uncredited) and starring John Wayne and Rock Hudson.  The film portrays events surrounding the French Imperial intervention in Mexico during the 1860s period of the neighboring American Civil War with the Archduke Maximilian of Austria set up as Emperor in Mexico by French Emperor Napoleon III and is also loosely based on Confederate General James Orville Shelby's factual escape to Mexico after the Civil War and his attempt to join with Maximilian's Imperial Mexican forces supported by French Imperial regiments sent by Emperor Napoleon III from Europe. Marguerite Bellanger (10 June 1838 - 23 November 1886) was a French stage actress and courtesan.  She was a celebrity of Second Empire France and known for her relationship with Napoleon III of France.  She was often caricatured in contemporary press and is considered to be the model for Émile Zola's "Nana".  A candy is also named after her.  She was reputedly the most universally loathed of Napoleon III's mistresses, though perhaps his favorite She outlived Napoleon's deposal in 1870 and died in 1886 aged 48. Napoléon le Petit (literally, "Napoleon the Small") was an influential 1852 political pamphlet by Victor Hugo that criticised the rule of Napoleon III in the Second French Empire.  Hugo lived in exile in Guernsey for most of Napoleon III's reign, and his criticism of the monarch was significant as he was one of the most prominent Frenchmen of the time, and was widely respected. Victor Marie Hugo (] ; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement.  Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers.  Outside of France, his most famous works are the novels "Les Misérables ", 1862, and "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" (French: "Notre-Dame de Paris" ), 1831.  In France, Hugo is known primarily for his poetry collections, such as "Les Contemplations " ("The Contemplations") and "La Légende des siècles " ("The Legend of the Ages"). André Marie Chénier (30 October 176225 July 1794) was a French poet of Greek and Franco-Levantine origin, associated with the events of the French Revolution of which he was a victim.  His sensual, emotive poetry marks him as one of the precursors of the Romantic movement.  His career was brought to an abrupt end when he was guillotined for supposed "crimes against the state", near the end of the Reign of Terror.  Chénier's life has been the subject of Umberto Giordano's opera "Andrea Chénier" and other works of art. The Third cabinet of Napoleon III was formed by the Emperor Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, replacing the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon at the start of the Second French Empire.  It remained in place (with various ministerial changes) until 17 July 1869, when it was replaced by the Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III.  The ministers were each accountable to Napoleon III, who was thus both head of state and head of government.
Answer: Victor Hugo