Question: Which Under Secretary of the Navy from 1977 to 1979 did William O. Studeman serve under in the Central Intelligence Agency?
Context: The National Intelligence Service (NIS) (Greek: Εθνική Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών, ΕΥΠ, "Ethniki Ypiresia Pliroforion", "EYP") is the national intelligence agency of Greece.  Originally modeled after the United States Central Intelligence Agency, it was established in 1953 as the Central Intelligence Service (CIS), specializing in intelligence gathering, counterintelligence activities and securing sensitive state communications. The National Intelligence Authority (NIA) was the United States Government authority responsible for monitoring the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), the successor intelligence agency of the Office of Strategic Services established by President Harry S. Truman's Executive Letter of 22 January 1946 in the aftermath of World War Two.  The National Intelligence Authority and Central Intelligence Group were both replaced respectively by the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency under the National Security Act of 1947 implemented on the 18 September 1947. Robert James "Jim" Woolsey Jr. (born September 21, 1941) is a national security and energy specialist and former Director of Central Intelligence who headed the Central Intelligence Agency from February 5, 1993, until January 10, 1995.  A lawyer by training and trade, he held a variety of government positions in the 1970s and 1980s, including as Under Secretary of the Navy from 1977 to 1979, and was involved in treaty negotiations with the Soviet Union for five years in the 1980s.  His career also included time as a professional lawyer, venture capitalist and investor in the private sector. Charbatia Air Base is located approximately 10 km north of Cuttack, Odisha in eastern India.  It is an aerial reconnaissance post of the intelligence agency's aviation unit, the Aviation Research Centre (ARC).  The Research and Analysis Wing, India's primary foreign intelligence agency, operates intelligence collection aircraft through the ARC.  The aircraft are fitted with electronic surveillance equipment and long range cameras capable of taking pictures of targets from high altitudes.  The base was built with the assistance of the Central Intelligence Agency in the early 1960s and was used for aerial surveillance and intelligence gathering of China's strategic forces.  The first aircraft was delivered in the mid 60's and was a World War II vintage C-46 which was outfitted with an oxygen distribution system for operator and flight personnel along with surveillance electronics and recording equipment at the Air America base in Tainan, Taiwan.  The installation was supervised by the design engineer, a Mr. Kent Williamson.  Mr. Williamson, along with other experienced personnel also deployed to Charbatia to train the first operator and maintenance personnel. William Oliver "Bill" Studeman (born January 16, 1940) is a retired Admiral of the United States Navy and former Deputy Director of the United States' Central Intelligence Agency, with two extended periods as Acting Director of Central Intelligence.  As Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, he served in the administrations of George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton under three Directors of Central Intelligence, Robert Gates, R. James Woolsey Jr., and John M. Deutch.  Admiral Studeman retired from the Navy in 1995 after almost 35 years of service.  Between 1988 and 1992 he was director of the National Security Agency; he was the Director of Naval Intelligence, from September 1985 to July 1988. The Intelligence Authorization Act was implemented in order to codify covert, clandestine operations and defines requirements for reporting such operations to the Congress.  The American Constitution states, in Article 1, Section 9, that “a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.”  The act was passed along with the Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980, which allowed Congress and members of the agency to be included in important decisions and operations carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency.  The Intelligence Authorization Act was also an attempt to limit the authority and secrecy within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) regarding foreign and domestic affairs, though its applications extends to each of the intelligence agencies, not just to the CIA. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency is a 2003 book by W. Thomas Smith, Jr. It is an encyclopedic work on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the only independent agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with intelligence-gathering.  The work chronicles the history of the agency from its founding in 1947 through the War on Terror, which began after September 11, 2001.  The encyclopedia's chronology ends in 2003.  It provides approximately 550 entries across 282 pages on topics including notable contributors, intelligence operations, historical events, and depictions of the CIA in fictional media. William Joseph ("Wild Bill") Donovan (January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer, intelligence officer and diplomat.  Donovan is best remembered as the wartime head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency, during World War II.  He is also known as the "Father of American Intelligence" and the "Father of Central Intelligence".  "The Central Intelligence Agency regards Donovan as its founding father," according to journalist Evan Thomas in a 2011 "Vanity Fair" profile.  The lobby of CIA headquarters, in Langley, Virginia, now features a statue of Donovan.  Thomas observed that Donovan's "exploits are utterly improbable but by now well documented in declassified wartime records that portray a brave, noble, headlong, gleeful, sometimes outrageous pursuit of action and skulduggery." Susan M. Gordon is an American government official who currently serves as Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence.  Prior to assuming her current role, she was the Deputy Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), having assumed the position on January 1, 2015.  Before joining the NGA, she served as director of the CIA's Information Operations Center and senior cyber adviser to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.  Gordon worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for over 25 years. The Intelligence Star is an award given by the Central Intelligence Agency to its officers for "voluntary acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or for outstanding achievements or services rendered with distinction under conditions of grave risk".  The award citation is from the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and specifically cites actions of "extraordinary heroism".  It is the third-highest award given by the Central Intelligence Agency, behind the Distinguished Intelligence Cross and Distinguished Intelligence Medal, and is analogous to the Silver Star, the US military award for extraordinary heroism in combat.  Only a few dozen people have received this award (most posthumously), making it one of the rarest valor awards awarded by the US government.
Answer: R. James Woolsey Jr.