Question: Which of the following received the American Book Award for the novel The Tunnel: Pauline Kael or William H. Gass?
Context: Marília Pêra (22 January 1943 – 5 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress.  Hailed as "one of the decade's [1980s] ten best actresses" by Pauline Kael, Pêra won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1982 for her role in Hector Babenco's acclaimed "Pixote", and received Best Actress awards at the Gramado Film Festival (Triple Award Winner) and at the Cartegena Film Festival for Carlos Diegues' "Better Days Ahead".  Other films include "Bar Esperança", "Angels of the Night" and Diegues' "Tieta do Agreste". Pauline Kael ( ; June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American film critic who wrote for "The New Yorker" magazine from 1968 to 1991.  Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated and sharply focused" reviews, her opinions often contrary to those of her contemporaries.  She is regarded as one of the most influential American film critics of her day. "Raising Kane" is a 1971 book-length essay by American film critic Pauline Kael, in which she revived controversy over the authorship of the screenplay for the 1941 film "Citizen Kane".  Kael celebrated screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, first-credited co-author of the screenplay, and denigrated the contributions of Orson Welles, who co-wrote, produced and directed the film, and performed the lead role.  The 50,000-word essay was written for "The Citizen Kane Book" (1971), as an extended introduction to the shooting script by Mankiewicz and Welles.  It first appeared in February 1971 in two consecutive issues of "The New Yorker" magazine.  In the ensuing controversy Welles was defended by colleagues, critics, biographers and scholars, but his reputation was damaged by its charges.  The essay was later discredited after Welles's contributions to the screenplay were documented and Kael's own scholarship was called into question. The Florida Film Critics Circle (FFCC) is a film critic organization founded in 1996.  The FFCC comprises 30 film critics from Florida-based print and online publications.  At the end of each year, the FFCC members vote on the Florida Film Critics Circle Awards for outstanding achievements in films released that year.  The organization also awards the Pauline Kael Breakout Award, named after film critic Pauline Kael, and the Golden Orange Award for Outstanding Contribution to Film.  The FFCC membership includes film critics from "Miami Herald", "Miami New Times", "Folio Weekly", "Bloody Disgusting", "WJNO Radio", "WTVT", "The Daytona Beach News-Journal", and "Tampa Bay Times". Deeper Into Movies is a collection of 1969 to 1972 movie reviews by American film critic Pauline Kael, published by Little, Brown and Company in 1973.  It was the fourth collection of her columns; these were originally published in "The New Yorker".  It won the U.S. National Book Award in category Arts and Letters. Afterglow: A Last Conversation with Pauline Kael (2003) is among the last publicly available materials to gather film critic Pauline Kael's thoughts on the movie medium, prior to her death on September 3, 2001.  The book was prepared by jazz critic Francis Davis.  In it, she describes her affinity for the new works of directors such as Quentin Tarantino, Paul Thomas Anderson and David O. Russell, showing an appreciation for "Pulp Fiction", "Jackie Brown", the first half of "Boogie Nights", "Magnolia", and "Three Kings".  She also favorably considers the television shows "Sex and the City" and the first season of "The Sopranos".  She laments what she considers to be the declining quality of Steven Spielberg's and Martin Scorsese's recent work. The Tunnel is William H. Gass's 1995 "magnum opus" that took 26 years to write and earned him the American Book Award of 1996.  It was also a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner award. Reeling (1976) is Pauline Kael's fifth collection of movie reviews, covering the years 1972 through 1975.  The book is largely composed of movie reviews, ranging from her famous review of "Last Tango in Paris" to her review of "A Woman Under the Influence", but it also contains a longer essay entitled "On the Future of Movies" as well as a book review of "The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book", by fellow "The New Yorker" dance critic Arlene Croce.  In 2010, four film critics polled by the British Film Institute listed "Reeling" among their favorite books related to cinema. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (1968) is Pauline Kael's second collection of reviews from 1965 through 1968, compiled from numerous magazines including "The Atlantic", "Holiday", "The New Yorker", "Life", "Mademoiselle", "The New Republic", "McCall's", and "Vogue".  It features her review of "The Sound of Music", which she notoriously dubbed "The Sound of Money," sparking outrage from loyal readers of "McCall's".  This is erroneously considered to be the reason why she was fired from her short-lived position as their film critic.  The book also features a smaller collection of synopses (as opposed to full-length reviews) of little-known movies, some of which are also printed in Kael's "5001 Nights at the Movies". William Howard Gass (born July 30, 1924) is an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, critic, and former philosophy professor.  He has written three novels, three collections of short stories, a collection of novellas, and seven volumes of essays, three of which have won National Book Critics Circle Award prizes and one of which, "A Temple of Texts" (2006), won the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism.  His 1995 novel "The Tunnel" received the American Book Award.  His 2013 novel "Middle C" won the 2015 William Dean Howells Medal.
Answer: William Howard Gass