Question: The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by a linguist that is a laureate professor at what university?
Context: Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages.  It is a type of constraint-based phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar.  GPSG was initially developed in the late 1970s by Gerald Gazdar.  Other contributors include Ewan Klein, Ivan Sag, and Geoffrey Pullum.  Their book "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar", published in 1985, is the main monograph on GPSG, especially as it applies to English syntax. Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, being first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957.  They are used to break down a natural language sentence into its constituent parts, also known as syntactic categories, including both lexical categories (parts of speech) and phrasal categories.  A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar.  Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed operate according to the constituency relation, and a grammar that employs phrase structure rules is therefore a "constituency grammar"; as such, it stands in contrast to "dependency grammars", which are based on the dependency relation. Pseudogapping is an ellipsis mechanism that elides most but not all of a non-finite verb phrase; at least one part of the verb phrase remains, which is called the "remnant".  Pseudogapping occurs in comparative and contrastive contexts, so it appears often after subordinators and coordinators such as "if", "although", "but", "than", etc.  It is similar to verb phrase ellipsis (VP-ellipsis) insofar as the ellipsis is introduced by an auxiliary verb, and many grammarians take it to be a particular type of VP-ellipsis.  The distribution of pseudogapping is more restricted than that of VP-ellipsis, however, and in this regard, it has some traits in common with gapping.  But unlike gapping (but like VP-ellipsis), pseudogapping occurs in English but not in closely related languages.  The analysis of pseudogapping can vary greatly depending in part on whether the analysis is based in a phrase structure grammar or a dependency grammar.  Pseudogapping was first identified, named, and explored by Stump (1977) and has since been studied in detail by Levin (1986) among others, and now enjoys a firm position in the canon of acknowledged ellipsis mechanisms of English. Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag.  It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar.  HPSG draws from other fields such as computer science (data type theory and knowledge representation) and uses Ferdinand de Saussure's notion of the sign.  It uses a uniform formalism and is organized in a modular way which makes it attractive for natural language processing. Head grammar (HG) is a grammar formalism introduced in Carl Pollard (1984) as an extension of the context-free grammar class of grammars.  Head grammar is therefore a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar.  The class of head grammars is a subset of the linear context-free rewriting systems. Carl Jesse Pollard (born June 28, 1947) is a Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University.  He is the inventor of head grammar and higher-order grammar, as well as co-inventor of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).  He is currently also working on convergent grammar (CVG).  He has written numerous books and articles on formal syntax and semantics.  He received his Ph.D. from Stanford. Combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parsable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism.  It has a transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate-argument structure, quantification and information structure.  The formalism generates constituency-based structures (as opposed to dependency-based ones) and is therefore a type of phrase structure grammar (as opposed to a dependency grammar). In phrase structure grammars, such as generalised phrase structure grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar and lexical functional grammar, a feature structure is essentially a set of attribute-value pairs. For example, the attribute named "number" might have the value "singular".  The value of an attribute may be either atomic, e.g. the symbol "singular", or complex (most commonly a feature structure, but also a list or a set). The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky as the term for grammars as defined by phrase structure rules, i.e. rewrite rules of the type studied previously by Emil Post and Axel Thue (Post canonical systems).  Some authors, however, reserve the term for more restricted grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy: context-sensitive grammars or context-free grammars.  In a broader sense, phrase structure grammars are also known as "constituency grammars".  The defining trait of phrase structure grammars is thus their adherence to the constituency relation, as opposed to the dependency relation of dependency grammars. Avram Noam Chomsky ( ; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist.  Sometimes described as "the father of modern linguistics," Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science.  He is the author of over 100 books on topics such as linguistics, war, politics, and mass media.  Ideologically, he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism.  He holds a joint appointment as Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and laureate professor at the University of Arizona.
Answer: University of Arizona