Question: Makbule Atadan was the sister of a Turkish army officer whose policies and theories became known as what?
Context: Field Marshal Sir John Lintorn Arabin Simmons (12 February 1821 – 14 February 1903) was a British Army officer.  Early in his career he served as Inspector of Railways, Secretary of the Railways Commission and then Secretary of the Railway Department under the Board of Trade.  He went on to be British Commissioner with the Turkish Army providing advice to General Omar Pasha during the Crimean War.  He assisted the Turks at the defence of Silistra and then led them at the Battle of Giurgevo before landing with them at the Battle of Eupatoria and remaining with them for the Siege of Sevastopol.  After that he became British Consul in Warsaw, Commander, Royal Engineers at Aldershot and then Director of the Royal Engineer Establishment in Chatham.  He went on to be Lieutenant-Governor of the Royal Military Academy and subsequently Governor of the Academy.  His last appointments were as Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers, as Inspector General of Fortifications and then as Governor of Malta. Tahsin Yazıcı (1892 in Monastir, Ottoman Empire (now Macedonia) – February 11, 1971 in Ankara, Turkey) was an Ottoman Army officer and later a Turkish Army general and politician. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (] ; 19 May 1881  – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.  Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism. Major General and Lewa Pasha Charles George Baker {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (8 December 1830 – 19 February 1906) was a British Merchant Navy officer, a Bengal Army officer, a Turkish Army officer, and head of the Egyptian Police. Makbule Atadan (1885 – January 18, 1956) was the sister of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey.  She was the only one surviving sister of Atatürk, while the other four siblings died at early ages. The Turkish Land Forces (Turkish: "Türk Kara Kuvvetleri" ), or Turkish Army (Turkish: "Türk Ordusu" ), is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.  Official claims state that the army was founded by Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire in 209 BC, but the modern history of the army began with its formation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.  Significant events since the foundation of the Army include combat in the Korean War and in the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and acting as a NATO bulwark along Cold War frontiers through 1992.  The army holds the preeminent place within the armed forces.  It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey to have been the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to his appointment as Turkey's senior ranking officer.  Alongside the other two armed services, the Turkish Army has frequently intervened in Turkish politics, which has now been regulated to an extent with the reform of the National Security Council.  The current commander of the Turkish Land Forces is General Salih Zeki Çolak. Colonel Necabettin Ergenekon (born 1926, in Erzurum) is a Turkish Army officer who retired in 1982, having been commander of the Turkish Gendarmerie in Adıyaman Province after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état.  Born "Necabettin Baltacı", he changed his name "some time in the '60s" to avoid confusion with another person by the same name.  At one time, Ergenekon was the commanding officer of Veli Küçük.  Ergenekon was suspected by later-assassinated state prosecutor Cevat Yurdakul as being behind a string of mysterious deaths in the 70s, but no legal action was ever taken. The term "Anarchy at Samarra" refers to the period 861–870 in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, which was marked by extreme internal instability and the violent succession of four caliphs, who became puppets in the hands of powerful rival military groups.  The term derives from the then capital and seat of the caliphal court, Samarra.  The "anarchy" began in 861, with the murder of Caliph al-Mutawakkil by his Turkish guards.  His successor, al-Muntasir, ruled for six months before his death, possibly poisoned by the Turkish military chiefs.  He was succeeded by al-Musta'in.  Divisions within the Turkish military leadership enabled Musta'in to flee to Baghdad in 865 with the support of some Turkish chiefs (Bugha the Younger and Wasif) and the Tahirids, but the rest of the Turkish army chose a new caliph in the person of al-Mu'tazz and besieged Baghdad, forcing the city's capitulation in 866.  Musta'in was exiled and executed.  Mu'tazz was able and energetic, and tried to control the military chiefs and exclude the military from civil administration.  His policies were resisted, and in July 869 he too was deposed and killed.  His successor, al-Muhtadi, also tried to reaffirm the Caliph's authority, but he too was killed in June 870.  With Muhtadi's death and the ascension of al-Mu'tamid, the Turkish faction around Musa ibn Bugha, closely associated with Mu'tamid's brother and regent al-Muwaffaq, became dominant in the caliphal court, ending the "anarchy".  Although the Abbasid Caliphate was able to stage a modest recovery in the following decades, the troubles of the "Anarchy at Samarra" inflicted great and lasting damage on the structures and prestige of the Abbasid central government, encouraging and facilitating secessionist and rebellious tendencies in the Caliphate's provinces. Ali Çetinkaya, also known as "Kel" Ali Bey (1878 – 21 February 1949) was an Ottoman born Turkish army officer and politician who served eight terms in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, including a period in 1939–40 as his country's first Minister of Transport. Nureddin Ibrahim Pasha (Turkish: "Nurettin Paşa, Nureddin İbrahim Paşa" ; 1873 – 18 February 1932), known as Nureddin İbrahim Konyar after 1934 and often called Bearded Nureddin (Turkish: "Sakallı Nurettin" ), was a Turkish military officer who served in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and in the Turkish army during the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence.  To distinguish him from namesakes, he was called Beard Nureddin because he was the only high-ranking Turkish officer during the Turkish War of Independence sporting a beard.  He is known as one of the most important commanders of the War.
Answer: Kemalism