Question: Who was born first, Martin Heidegger or Lydia Davis?
Context: Philosopher Martin Heidegger joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) on May 1, 1933, ten days after being elected Rector of the University of Freiburg.  A year later, in April 1934, he resigned the Rectorship and stopped taking part in Nazi Party meetings, but remained a member of the Nazi Party until its dismantling at the end of World War II.  The denazification hearings immediately after World War II led to Heidegger's dismissal from Freiburg, banning him from teaching.  In 1949, after several years of investigation, the French military finally classified Heidegger as a "Mitläufer" or "Nazi follower".  The teaching ban was lifted in 1951 and Heidegger was granted "emeritus" status in 1953, but he was never allowed to resume his philosophy chair. Mark Wrathall (born 1965) is professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Riverside.  His main interests include phenomenology, existentialism, the phenomenology of religion, the philosophy of popular culture, and the philosophy of law.  He is considered a leading interpreter of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger.  Wrathall is featured in Tao Ruspoli's film "Being in the World".  According to a recent reviewer of Wrathall's latest book, "Wrathall's writing is clear and comprehensive, ranging across virtually all of Heidegger's collected works... Wrathall's overall interpretation of Heidegger's work is crystal clear, compelling, and relevant." The Origin of the Work of Art (German: "Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes" ) is an essay by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger.  Heidegger drafted the text between 1935 and 1937, reworking it for publication in 1950 and again in 1960.  Heidegger based his essay on a series of lectures he had previously delivered in Zurich and Frankfurt during the 1930s, first on the essence of the work of art and then on the question of the meaning of a "thing," marking the philosopher's first lectures on the notion of art. William John Richardson, S.J. (2 November 1920 – 10 December 2016) was an American philosopher, who was among the very first to write a comprehensive study of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, featuring an important preface by Heidegger himself.  In addition to his specialization in Heidegger, Richardson was also, as a trained psychoanalyst, a specialist in the thought of Jacques Lacan.  He was a Jesuit priest (entering the order on 14 August 1941, he was ordained a priest on 15 August 1953).  He taught philosophy at Fordham University and since 1981, at Boston College, where he was, at the time of his death, emeritus professor of philosophy.  He died in December 2016 in Weston, Massachusetts at the age of 96. Otto Pöggeler (12 December 1928 in Attendorn – 10 December 2014) was a German philosopher.  He specialized in phenomenology and commenting on Heidegger.  In 1963 he authored the acclaimed "Martin Heidegger’s Path of Thinking", one of the first rigorous attempts at tracing the development of Heidegger’s thought.  He also published a study of poetry of Paul Celan, and was director of the Hegel Archive at the Ruhr University in Bochum. Richard M. Capobianco is an American philosophy professor and one of the leading commentators on the thought of the 20th century German philosopher Martin Heidegger.  His two books, "Engaging Heidegger" and "Heidegger's Way of Being", have led the way to a renewed appreciation of Heidegger's core concern with Being as temporal radiant emergence or manifestation.  He has also brought Heidegger into closer proximity with American authors such as Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Muir, and E. E. Cummings, and with English poets such as William Wordsworth and Gerard Manley Hopkins. The Black Notebooks (German: "Schwarze Hefte" ) are a set of notebooks written by German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), which were first published in 2014.  They were edited by Peter Trawny.  Originally a set of small notebooks with black covers in which Heidegger jotted observations, they have been collated into a 1000-page transcript.  The first notebook is missing.  The subsequent notebooks will be published in the Gesamtausgabe.  So far fourteen notebooks have been published encompassing the years 1931–1941 ("GA" 94–96).  The notebooks from 1942-1945 are in private possession but they have already been prepared for publication.  The notebooks contain more explicitly anti-Semitic content than Heidegger's previously published writings, reigniting the debate about Heidegger's Nazism and its relationship to his philosophical project. Martin Heidegger ( ; ] ; 26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics.  According to the "Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy", he is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century".  Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification". La sombra de Heidegger (English: The Shadow of Heidegger) is a 2005 thriller written by the Argentine philosopher José Pablo Feinmann.  It depicts an exiled Nazi professor called Dieter Müller who writes a letter to his son, in which he describes the philosophy of Martin Heidegger as the spiritual guidance of the Nazi Party.  Besides, "La sombra de Heidegger" has some elements that would enable it to be included in the category of historical novel.  Although there are fictional characters, most of the people involved in the novel are public—and often controversial—figures, such as Adolf Hitler, Ernst Röhm, Jean-Paul Sartre and so on.The novel also covers topics of Argentine political life.  More than once Müller satirizes the situation of peronism in Argentina. Lydia Davis (born July 15, 1947) is an American writer noted for literary works of extreme brevity (commonly called "flash fiction").  Davis is also a short story writer, novelist, essayist, and translator from French and other languages, and has produced several new translations of French literary classics, including "Swann’s Way" by Marcel Proust and "Madame Bovary" by Gustave Flaubert.
Answer: Martin Heidegger