Question: Who was slaughtered by a companion of Muhammad in 632?
Context: The Hawazin (Arabic: هوازن‎ ‎ / ALA-LC: "Hawāzin") Is an Arab tribe or group of tribes based in the Hejaz.  They formed part of the larger Qaysi tribal grouping, and were the main Qaysi force that fought the Quraysh and Kinana during the Fijar War in the late 6th century.  In the pre-Islamic era, the tribe often clashed with their one-time patrons, the Ghatafan, and on occasion, sub-tribes of the Hawazin fought each other.  The tribe had little contact with the Islamic prophet Muhammad until 630 when they were defeated by Muhammad's forces at the Battle of Hunayn.  After the battle, Muhammad treated the Hawazin chief Malik ibn 'Awf al-Nasri well, which paid dividends during the Arab tribal insurrections following Muhammad's death in 632.  The Hawazin were a large group that included the sub-tribes of Banu Sa'd, Banu Nasr, Banu Jusham, Banu Thaqif and the Banu 'Amir.  However, the latter two subtribes were often counted as separate groupings from the rest of Hawazin, though they remained close allies. Madih nabawi one of the principal religious genres of Arabic music, is a song form devoted to eulogizing or rather praising Muhammad and his family.  The genre dates from 632 CE, immediately after the death of Muhammad, but the performers address Muhammad as if he were still alive.  It is also Sufi genre of belletristic Arab literature. The Battle of Zafar took place in 632 between Khalid ibn al-Walid and a tribal chieftess called Salma.  Khalid defeated her and she died on the battlefield.  The battle was part of the Ridda Wars.  This apostate leader was riding on a camel, surrounded by her loyal bodyguards.  Khalid ibn al-Walid approached her with a group of mujaheddin and slaughtered her and her bodyguards.  Several hundred apostates died in this battle. Fatimah bint Muhammad ( ; Arabic: فاطمة‎ ‎ "Fāṭimah "; born c. 605 or 615 (or 20 Jumada al-Thani 5 BH [(604--)27 604 AD] ?)  – died 28 August 632 ) was the youngest daughter and according to Shia Muslims, the only child of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah who lived to adulthood, and therefore part of Muhammad's household.  She was a wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husayn.  She is the object of love and respect of all Muslims, as she was the child closest to her father and supported him in his difficulties, was the supporter and loving caretaker of her own husband and children, and was the only child of Muhammad to have male children live beyond childhood, whose descendants are spread throughout the Islamic world and are known as Sayyids.  The 11th century dynasty ruling Egypt at the time of the Crusades, the Fatimids, claimed descent from her. The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death: Muhammad's successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy and the role of successor.  Answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history, giving rise to the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij schools.  After Muhammad's death in AD 632, disagreement broke out over who should succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.  Since none of his sons survived into adulthood, hereditary succession was not an option.  Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr.  Others added their support, and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph.  This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who believed that Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, had already been designated as his successor by the Prophet.  During the First and Second Fitnas the Islamic community divided into a number of groups, each of which had a specific idea about successorship.  After the Rashidun caliphate evolved into monarchies and sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas; Shias emerged in opposition. The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ‎ ‎ "al-Khilāfaṫur-Rāshidah") (632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.  It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (11 AH in the Islamic calendar).  These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the "Rashidun", or "Rightly Guided" caliphs (Arabic: اَلْخُلَفَاءُ ٱلرَّاشِدُونَ‎ ‎ "al-Khulafā’ur-Rāshidūn").  This term is not used in Shia Islam as Shia Muslims do not consider the rule of the first three caliphs as legitimate. Abū Sulaymān Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīrah al-Makhzūmī (Arabic: أبو سليمان خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي‎ ‎ ‎; 585–642), also known as Sayf ullah al-Maslūl (Arabic: سيف الله المسلول‎ ‎ ; "Drawn Sword of God"), was a companion of Muhammad.  He is noted for his military tactics and prowess, commanding the forces of Medina under Muhammad and the forces of his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab.  It was under his military leadership that Arabia, for the first time in history, was united under a single political entity, the Caliphate.  Commanding the forces of the nascent Islamic state, Khalid was victorious in over a hundred battles, against the forces of the Byzantine-Roman Empire, Sassanid-Persian Empire, and their allies, in addition to other Arab tribes.  His strategic achievements include the conquest of Arabia during the Ridda Wars, Persian Mesopotamia and Roman Syria within several years from 632 to 636.  He is also remembered for his decisive victories at Yamamah, Ullais, and Firaz, and his tactical successes at Walaja and Yarmouk. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: مُـحَـمَّـد ابْـن عَـبْـد الله ابْـن عَـبْـد الْـمُـطَّـلِـب ابْـن هَـاشِـم‎ ‎ ) (Hebrew: ‎ ‎ Maḥammaddīm), in short form Muhammad, is considered by Muslims to be the last Messenger (رَسُـوْل ) and Prophet (نَـبِي ) sent by God (الله ) to guide humanity to the right way (Quran ) ( 570 – 8 June, 632).  They also believe that the Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, which they believe to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, 'Isa, and other Prophets.  The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established in the light of Quran became the foundation of Islam and the Muslim world. Ya`fūr (also variously rendered as Ya'foor, Ya'four, `Ufayr, `Ofayr and so on, meaning "Deer" in Arabic) was a donkey used as a mount by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who was said to have often ridden it bareback.  There are many tales of this donkey but the most common would be that the donkey is recorded to have been a gift from the Byzantine governor of Egypt some time between 628 and 632 AD (8–11 AH).  According to an Islamic tradition, it had the power of speech and told Muhammad that it was the last of a line of donkeys ridden by prophets and was a descendant of the donkey ridden by Jesus in his triumphal entry into Jerusalem, which was also called Ya`fūr.  The tradition holds that Ya`fūr committed suicide in despair after Muhammad died by throwing itself into a well, though these accounts are held to be unreliable in hadith studies.  In the centuries after Muhammad's death, the donkey's name and symbolism was repeatedly adopted by Islamic religious figures and rulers. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era.  The Muslim conquests began with the unification of Arabia by Muhammad starting in 622.  After Muhammad's death in 632, Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) and the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750).  The Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century led to the downfall of the Sassanid Empire.  Also conquered during the 7th century were Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Egypt, and North Africa.
Answer: Salma