Question: Which hospital, St. Elizabeths Hospital or Howard University Hospital, opened in 1855 as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States?
Context: Loreta Janeta Velázquez (June 26, 1842 – 1923), was a Cuban-born woman who masqueraded as a male Confederate soldier during the American Civil War.  After her soldier husband's accidental death, she enlisted in the Confederate States Army in 1861.  She then fought at Bull Run, Ball's Bluff, and Fort Donelson, but was discharged when her gender was discovered while in New Orleans.  Undeterred, she reenlisted and fought at Shiloh, until unmasked once more.  She then became a Confederate spy, working in both male and female guises, and as a double agent also reporting to the U.S. Secret Service.  She remarried three more times, being widowed in each instance.  According to William C Davis, she died in January 1923 under the name Loretta J. Beard after many years away from the public eye in a public psychiatric facility, St. Elizabeths Hospital.  She spied on the Union for about 5 years. St. Conal's Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Naomh Conaill) is a psychiatric hospital located in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland.  Situated adjacent to Letterkenny Town Park near Letterkenny University Hospital, it is the only psychiatric hospital located in County Donegal and is considered to be ""one of the finest buildings in the country"".  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been carried out on patients here. Howard University Hospital, previously known as Freedmen's Hospital, is a major hospital lcated in Washington, D.C., built on the site of the previous Griffith Stadium.  The hospital has served the African American community in the area for over 150 years, having been established in 1862 to cater for the medical needs of the thousands of African Americans who came to Washington during the Civil War, seeking their freedom.  The first hospital of its kind to provide medical treatment for former slaves, it later became the major hospital for the area's African-American community.  Following the closure of D.C. General Hospital, As of 2016, the hospital has the highest rate of wrongful death lawsuits of any health facility in Washington D.C. over the previous decade. Barry Farm is a neighborhood in Southeast Washington, D.C., located east of the Anacostia River and is bounded by the Southeast Freeway to the northwest, Suitland Parkway to the northeast and east, and St. Elizabeths Hospital to the south.  The neighborhood was renowned as a significant post-Civil-War settlement of free Blacks and freed slaves established by the Freedmen's Bureau.  The streets were named to commemorate the Union generals and Radical Republicans who advanced the rights of black Americans during the Civil War and Reconstruction: Howard Road SE for General Oliver O. Howard; Sumner Road SE for Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner; Wade Road SE for Ohio Senator Benjamin Wade; Pomeroy Road SE for Kansas Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy; and Stevens Road SE for Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens.  The neighborhood name is not a reference to the late former mayor of Washington, D.C., Marion Barry, but coincidentally has the same spelling. Southeast (SE or S.E.) is the southeastern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located south of East Capitol Street and east of South Capitol Street.  It includes the Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods, the Navy Yard, the Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling (JBAB), the U.S. Marine Barracks, the Anacostia River waterfront, Eastern Market, the remains of several Civil War-era forts, historic St. Elizabeths Hospital, RFK Stadium, Nationals Park, and the Congressional Cemetery.  It is also contains a landmark known as "The Big Chair," located on Martin Luther King Avenue.  The quadrant is bisected by the Anacostia River, with the portion that is west of the river sometimes referred to as "Near Southeast". Congress Heights is a residential neighborhood in southeast Washington, D.C., in the United States.  The irregularly shaped neighborhood is bounded by the St. Elizabeths Hospital campus, Lebaum Street SE, 4th Street SE, and Newcomb Street SE on the northeast; Shepard Parkway and South Capitol Street on the west; Atlantic Street SE and 1st Street SE (as far as Chesapeake Street SE) on the south; Oxon Run Parkway on the southeast; and Wheeler Street SE and Alabama Avenue SE on the east.  Commercial development is heavy along Martin Luther King, Jr.  Avenue and Malcolm X Avenue. Marlboro Psychiatric Hospital was a public hospital in Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey which was operated by the State of New Jersey.  Construction of the hospital began in 1929.  It first opened in early 1931 and Dr. J.B. Gordon was the Medical Director.  According to the site plan, the hospital's campus was on 468 acre .  There was a perimeter fence which completely enclosed the property.  The land was mostly a rural environment.  When it closed, the hospital was on 594 acre , having enlarged the grounds over the years.  It opened with a capacity to accommodate 500-800 patients.  The grounds construction continued after opening and when completed, the hospital was expected to have a capacity of 2,000 patients.  However, in 1995, the hospital served an average of 780 adults per day with a staff of 1,157 employees and a total budget of $55.5 million (Fiscal Year 1995).  The budget in 1998 was $68 million.  The facility was closed July 1, 1998.  The hospital finished complete demolition of the structures, tunnels, roads and other infrastructure in early 2015. Winfred Overholser (1892 – October 6, 1964) was an American psychiatrist, president of the American Psychiatric Association, and for 25 years the superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital, a federal institution for the mentally ill in Washington, D.C. Congress Heights is an island platformed Washington Metro station in the Congress Heights neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.  The station was opened on January 13, 2001, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA).  Providing service for only the Green Line, the station is located at Alabama Avenue and 13th Street, lying under St. Elizabeths Hospital.  Congress Heights is the last Green Line station in the District of Columbia going southeast. St. Elizabeths Hospital opened in 1855 as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States.  Housing over 8,000 patients at its peak in the 1950s, the hospital at one point had a fully functioning medical-surgical unit, a school of nursing, and accredited internships and psychiatric residencies.  Its campus was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990.
Answer: St. Elizabeths Hospital