Question: The Massacre of Kondomari was orchestrated by a paratrooper what was convicted of war crimes in what year?
Context: James Gowing Godwin (12 March 1923–2 May 1995) was a Royal New Zealand Navy aviator, prisoner of war, war crimes investigator and colonial administrator.  After the end of World War II, as a captain in the Australian Army he became an investigator with the Second Australian War Crimes Section in Tokyo in July 1947; he developed the case against Lieutenant General Takuma Nishimura for ordering the mass execution and cremation of 155 wounded Australian and Indian soldiers at war crimes at the Parit Sulong Massacre.  He also worked for the First Australian War Crimes Section, based in Singapore, then worked for the British colonial service. The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945 is a book by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas.  It was published in November 1979 in Germany by Universitas/Langen Müller under the title "Die Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle", and in America in 1989 under the title "The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945" (University of Nebraska Press).  Professor Howard S. Levie, an expert in international humanitarian law, provided the preface for the American version.  The book describes some of the work of the Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, a special section of the legal department of the Wehrmacht High Command, which collected reports of alleged Allied and German war crimes for purposes of diplomatic protests, war crimes trials, and white books. The Massacre of Kondomari (Greek: Σφαγή στο Κοντομαρί ) refers to the execution of male civilians from the village of Kondomari in Crete by an firing squad consisting of German paratroopers on 2 June 1941 during World War II.  The shooting was the first of a series of reprisals in Crete.  It was orchestrated by Generaloberst Kurt Student, in retaliation for the participation of Cretans in the Battle of Crete which had ended with the surrender of the island two days earlier.  The massacre was photographed by a German army war propaganda correspondent whose negatives were discovered 39 years later in the federal German archives by a Greek journalist. Tihomir Orešković is a Croatian officer who was convicted of war crimes committed during the Croatian War of Independence in the 1990s.  He served prison time between 2003 and 2012 for crimes against humanity, war crimes against the civilian population, and violations of international law in the Gospić massacre. Kurt Student (12 May 1890 – 1 July 1978) was a German paratroop general in the Luftwaffe during World War II.  He launched the first major airborne operation of the war, the Battle for The Hague in May 1940.  The highest-ranking member of Germany's parachute infantry, Student commanded the Fallschirmjäger throughout World War II.  In 1947, Student was tried and convicted of war crimes committed while in command on Crete. On February 5, 2013, protests began in Shahbag, Bangladesh following demands for capital punishment for Abdul Quader Mollah, who had been sentenced to life imprisonment, and for others convicted of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh.  On that day, the International Crimes Tribunal had sentenced Mollah to life in prison after he was convicted on five of six counts of war crimes.  Later demands included banning the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami party from politics including election and a boycott of institutions supporting (or affiliated with) the party. The Dora Trial, also the "Dora"-Nordhausen or Dachau Dora Proceeding (German: "Dachau-Dora Prozess" ) was a war crimes trial conducted by the United States Army in the aftermath of the collapse of the Third Reich.  It took place between August 7 and December 30, 1947 on the site of the former Dachau concentration camp, Germany.  In the proceedings, officially known as the "United States of America vs. Kurt Andrae et al." (Case 000-50-37), 19 men were accused of war crimes committed in the operation of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, its many subcamps, and the Mittelwerk armaments plant located near Nordhausen, Germany.  The main trial ended with 4 acquittals and 15 convictions, including 1 death sentence.  Dora was the last of a sequence of proceedings which took place in the context of the Dachau Trials relating to wide-ranging war crimes uncovered by the United States in its zone of occupation at the end of World War II.  Those convicted in the Dora Trial served their sentences at Landsberg Prison. There are differences from one country to another regarding the definition of Japanese war crimes.  War crimes have been broadly defined as violations of the laws or customs of war, which include crimes against either enemy combatants or enemy non-combatants.  War crimes also included deliberate attacks on citizens and property of neutral states as they fall under the category of non-combatants, as at the attack on Pearl Harbor.  Military personnel from the Empire of Japan have been accused and/or convicted of committing many such acts during the period of Japanese imperialism from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries.  They have been accused of conducting a series of human rights abuses against civilians and prisoners of war (POWs) throughout east Asia and the western Pacific region.  These events reached their height during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45 and the Asian and Pacific campaigns of World War II (1941–45). The article summarizes casualties in different theatres of World War II in Europe and North Africa.  Only the military losses and civilian losses directly associated with hostilities are included into the article.  The actions of the Axis' and Allied military or civilian authorities that fit the definition of genocide, or war crimes (including Nazi war crimes, Soviet war crimes, Allied war crimes, Holocaust, Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs "et caetera") are left beyond the scope of the present article. Karl Hass (5 October 1912 – 21 April 2004) was a German Lieutenant-Colonel in the SS whose involvement in the Ardeatine massacre while serving in Italy led to allegations of war crimes.  Hass was not charged with or convicted of war crimes following the war, but the reprisal killings of some 335 Italians following a partisan attack on German troops in Rome is one of the most notorious events of World War II.  His involvement as a witness in the Erich Priebke trial led him to being tried and convicted in Italy for the Ardeatine killings in 1998.
Answer: 1947