Question: Which person, who succeeded in 1071 to the Earldom of Hereford, participated in the last serious act of resistance against William in the Norman Conquest?
Context: Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford (1056 – after 1087), succeeded in 1071 to the earldom of Hereford and the English estate of his father, William Fitz-Osbern.  He is known to history for his role in the Revolt of the Earls The Revolt of the Earls in 1075 was a rebellion of three earls against William I of England (William the Conqueror).  It was the last serious act of resistance against William in the Norman Conquest. Alan Rufus (alternatively Alanus Rufus (Latin), Alan ar Rouz (Breton), Alain le Roux (French) or Alan the Red (c. 1040 – 1093), 1st Lord of Richmond, was a relative and companion of William the Conqueror (Duke William II of Normandy) during the Norman Conquest of England.  He was the second son of Eozen Penteur (also known as Eudon, Eudo or Odo, Count of Penthièvre) by Orguen Kernev (also known as Agnes of Cornouaille).  William the Conqueror granted Alan Rufus a significant English fief, later known as the Honour of Richmond, in about 1071. Earl of Northumbria was a title in the Anglo-Danish, late Anglo-Saxon, and early Anglo-Norman period in England.  The earldom of Northumbria was the successor of the earldom of Bamburgh.  In the seventh century, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were united in the kingdom of Northumbria, but this was destroyed by the Vikings in 867.  Southern Northumbria, the former Deira, then became the Viking kingdom of York, while English earls ruled the former northern kingdom of Bernicia from their base at Bamburgh.  The northern part of Bernicia was lost to the Scots, probably in the late tenth century.  In 1006 Uhtred the Bold was earl of Bamburgh, and Æthelred the Unready appointed him earl of York as well, re-uniting the area of Northumbria still under English control into a single earldom.  Uhtred was murdered in 1016, and Cnut then appointed Eric of Hlathir earl of Northumbria at York, but Uhtred's dynasty held onto Bernicia until 1041, when the earldom was again united.  A descendant of Uhtred, Gospatric, was appointed earl by William the Conqueror in 1067, but William expelled him in 1072.  Gospatric was then given lands in Scotland, and his descendants became earls of Dunbar.  The earldom of Northumbria was broken up in the early Norman period and dissolved into the earldoms of York and Northumberland, with much land going to the prince-bishopric of Durham. The office of Chief Bailiff of Hereford, in Hereford, England, was a feudal appointment instigated by the feudal vassalage owed by an oath of fealty to the overlordship of the King of England.  The Bailiwick of Hereford was created after the Norman Conquest in the ancient Anglo-Saxon jurisdiction of the shire.  Deriving from Normandy French "baillieu", the word is a combination of the two concepts of "bail" and "lieu", referring to payments made to courts leet.  It was the first imposition on the city of Hereford of a two-tier feudal jurisdiction, creating a civic officer of the king's court ("loi civile") along Roman law lines.  The Chief Bailiff's principal duty was as the Lord Paramount of the city burgesses.  This title is usually used in the records.  Each county had an escheator , whose main role was to collect fines, customs, duties, and levies owed to the Crown. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton, KG (25 March 1341 – 16 January 1373) was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere, and grandson of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford by Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, daughter of King Edward I.  He became heir to the Earldom of Hereford after the death of his childless uncle Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford. Gwent (Old Welsh: "Guent" ) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.  It existed from the end of Roman rule in Britain in about the 5th century until the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century.  Along with its neighbour Glywyssing, it seems to have had a great deal of cultural continuity with the earlier Silures, keeping their own courts and diocese separate from the rest of Wales until their conquest by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.  Although it recovered its independence after his death in 1063, Gwent was the first of the Welsh kingdoms to be overrun following the Norman conquest. Earl Coningsby was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain.  It was created in 1719 for Thomas Coningsby, 1st Baron Coningsby, with remainder to his eldest daughter (by his second wife Lady Frances Jones), Margaret Newton, 1st Viscountess Coningsby, and the heirs male of her body.  He was the great-grandson of the soldier and politician Sir Thomas Coningsby.  Coningsby had already been created Baron Coningsby, of Clanbrassil, in the Peerage of Ireland in 1693, with normal remainder to heirs male, and Baron Coningsby in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1716, with similar remainder as for the earldom.  On Lord Coningsby's death in 1729 he was succeeded in the Irish barony of 1692 by his grandson Richard Coningsby, the second Baron, the son of one of Coningsby's sons from his first marriage to Barbara Georges.  However, Richard died already the same year, when the barony became extinct.  Lord Coningsby was succeeded in the English barony and the earldom according to the special remainder by his daughter Margaret Newton, 1st Viscountess Coningsby.  She had already in 1716 been made Baroness Coningsby, of Hampton Court in the County of Hereford, and Viscountess Coningsby in her own right.  Both titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain.  Lady Coningsby was the wife of Sir Michael Newton, 4th Baronet, of Barrs Court (see Newton Baronets).  She had no surviving male issue and the titles became extinct on her death in 1759. England in the High Middle Ages includes the history of England between the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the death of King John, considered by some to be the last of the Angevin kings of England, in 1216.  A disputed succession and victory at the Battle of Hastings led to the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066.  This linked the crown of England with possessions in France and brought a new aristocracy to the country that dominated landholding, government and the church.  They brought with them the French language and maintained their rule through a system of castles and the introduction of a feudal system of landholding.  By the time of William's death in 1087, England formed the largest part of an Anglo-Norman empire, ruled by nobles with landholdings across England, Normandy and Wales.  William's sons disputed succession to his lands, with William II emerging as ruler of England and much of Normandy.  On his death in 1100 his younger brother claimed the throne as Henry I and defeated his brother Robert to reunite England and Normandy.  Henry was a ruthless yet effective king, but after the death of his only male heir in the White Ship tragedy, he persuaded his barons to recognise his daughter Matilda as heir.  When Henry died in 1135 her cousin Stephen of Blois had himself proclaimed king, leading to a civil war known as The Anarchy.  Eventually Stephen recognised Matilda's son Henry as his heir and when Stephen died in 1154, he succeeded as Henry II. Cuthbert (died 26 October 760) was a medieval Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in England.  Prior to his elevation to Canterbury, he was abbot of a monastic house, and perhaps may have been Bishop of Hereford also, but evidence for his holding Hereford mainly dates from after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.  While Archbishop, he held church councils and built a new church in Canterbury.  It was during Cuthbert's archbishopric that the Diocese of York was raised to an archbishopric.  Cuthbert died in 760 and was later regarded as a saint.
Answer: Roger de Breteuil