Question: Owen Martin O'Hagan was a former member of an army which emerged in what year?
Context: Earl Martin is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, succeeded by Matt Lundy.  He is the son of Mayor Earl Martin of Rocky River, Ohio.  Former Representative Martin operates Martin's Deli in Bay Village, Ohio and Avon, Ohio.  His son serves in the United States Marines. No Easy Day: The Firsthand Account of the Mission that Killed Osama bin Laden (2012) is a military memoir by a former member of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU) who participated in the mission that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.  The book was written by Matt Bissonnette under the pen name Mark Owen.  It details Owen's career with DEVGRU, including several combat missions in which he participated with the unit.  At least half of the book focuses on Owen's participation in the mission that killed bin Laden. The 2005 election for Mayor of Buffalo, New York took place on November 8, 2005.  After incumbent Anthony M. Masiello, a Democrat, announced on April 29, 2005 that he would not seek a fourth term as mayor, a field of several Democratic candidates emerged, from which New York State Senator Byron Brown emerged victorious in the primary election.  In the general election, Brown went on to defeat Republican challenger Kevin Helfer, former member of the Buffalo Common Council for the University District, as well as two minor-party candidates.  Buffalo's 2005 mayoral election is notable as the first in the city to be won by an African-American candidate. The Official Irish Republican Army or Official IRA (OIRA) was an Irish republican paramilitary group whose goal was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a "workers' republic" encompassing all of Ireland.  It emerged in December 1969, shortly after the beginning of the Troubles, when the Irish Republican Army split into two factions.  The other was the Provisional IRA.  Each continued to call itself simply "the IRA" and rejected the other's legitimacy.  Unlike the "Provisionals", the "Officials" were Marxist and worked to form a united front with other Irish communist groups, named the Irish National Liberation Front (NLF).  The Officials were called the NLF by the Provisionals and were sometimes nicknamed the "Red IRA" by others. Owen Martin O'Hagan, (23 June 1950 – 28 September 2001) was an Irish investigative journalist from Lurgan, Northern Ireland and a former member of the Official Irish Republican Army who spent much of the 1970s in prison.  He was assassinated by the Loyalist Volunteer Force, the only journalist to be killed in Northern Ireland. Mike Stevens is an Ohio Democratic Party politician and a former member of the Ohio General Assembly.  After Johnnie Maier Jr. resigned in 2000, House Democrats appointed Stevens to his seat.  Ten months into his term, Stevens was defeated for reelection by John Hagan.  In all, Stevens spent only one year in the legislature. The League of Communists in the Netherlands (Dutch: "Verbond van Communisten in Nederland" or VCN) was a communist political party in the Netherlands.  The VCN was the result of a split in 1984 in the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), who disagreed with the revisionist and eurocommunist line of the new leadership of the CPN.  Already in 1982 did an orthodox communist platform within the CPN emerged, called the "Horizontaal Overleg Communisten", (Horizontal Forum of Communists) (HOC), which at first functioned as a lobby group within the CPN.  Former member of parliament Fré Meis was one of its more prominent members.  After the CPN Congress of 1984, in which democratic centralism and Marxism-Leninism were abandoned, did the HOC decided to split from the CPN and form the VCN. Sylvester Patton is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, succeeded by Bob Hagan. Thomas Hagan (born March 16, 1941) is a former member of the Nation of Islam and one of the assassins who killed Malcolm X in 1965.  For a while he also went by the name of Talmadge X Hayer and his chosen Islamic name is Mujahid Abdul Halim. Ronald Davies (born 6 August 1946) is a Welsh politician, former Secretary of State for Wales, former Member of Parliament and former member of the Welsh Assembly.  He describes himself as a politician belonging to the "traditional left" who had "spent his life looking for a socialist progressive party".  He was a member of the Labour Party until 2004, then joining Forward Wales.  He was an Independent from 2009 to 2010 before joining Plaid Cymru in that year.
Answer: 1969