Question: Montesquieu and which English philosopher and physician believed in liberalism?
Context: John Locke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".  Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory.  His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy.  His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries.  His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist and civil servant.  One of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory and political economy.  Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century", Mill's conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control. Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with such thinkers as John Locke and Montesquieu.  It is a political movement which spans the better part of the last four centuries, though the use of the word "liberalism" to refer to a specific political doctrine did not occur until the 19th century.  The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England laid the foundations for the development of the modern liberal state by constitutionally limiting the power of the monarch, affirming parliamentary supremacy, passing the Bill of Rights and establishing the principle of 'consent of the governed'.  The 1776 Declaration of Independence of the United States of America founded the nascent republic on liberal principles without the encumbrance of hereditary aristocracy; the declaration stated that "all men are created equal and endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, among these life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," echoing John Locke's phrase "life, liberty, and property".  A few years later, the French Revolution overthrew the hereditary aristocracy, with the slogan "liberty, equality, fraternity", and was the first state in history to grant universal male suffrage.  The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, first codified in 1789 in France, is a foundational document of both liberalism and human rights. Liberalism: A Counter-History (Italian: "Controstoria del liberalismo" ) is a 2011 book by Italian philosopher Domenico Losurdo.  In the book he examines the inner contradictions of the highly influential liberal political tradition.  The "liberalism" which Losurdo discusses in the book is sometimes better known as classical liberalism, the political philosophy that celebrates individual liberty and recognizes property rights, as opposed to more modern forms of social liberalism.  Key liberal thinkers who are discussed include John Locke, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Edmund Burke.  Losurdo argues that the liberal tradition has often excused and even celebrated racism, slavery, exploitation, and genocide. Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu ( ; ] ; 18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. Dr. Paul O. Carrese (kuh-REES) is Director of the School of Civic & Economic Thought and Leadership at Arizona State University.  For nearly two decades he was a professor of political science at the United States Air Force Academy.  He is author of the book "The Cloaking of Power: Montesquieu, Blackstone, and the Rise of Judicial Activism" (University of Chicago Press, 2003; pb, 2013), and co-editor of three other books.  His most recent book is "Democracy in Moderation: Montesquieu, Tocqueville, and Sustainable Liberalism" (Cambridge University Press, 2016).  He has held fellowships at Harvard University; the University of Delhi (as a Fulbright fellow); and the James Madison Program, Politics Department, Princeton University.  As of January 2017 he became the first Director of the School of Civic & Economic Thought and Leadership at Arizona State University in Tempe, an interdisciplinary great-books program that aims to prepare leaders for American civil society and statesman-like leaders for public service. Thomas Hill Green (7 April 1836 – 15 March 1882) was an English philosopher, political radical and temperance reformer, and a member of the British idealism movement.  Like all the British idealists, Green was influenced by the metaphysical historicism of G.W.F. Hegel.  He was one of the thinkers behind the philosophy of social liberalism. The Spirit of the Laws (French: "De l'esprit des lois", originally spelled "De l'esprit des loix"; also sometimes translated The Spirit of Laws) is a treatise on political theory, as well as a pioneering work in comparative law, published in 1748 by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu.  Originally published anonymously, partly because Montesquieu's works were subject to censorship, its influence outside France was aided by its rapid translation into other languages.  In 1750 Thomas Nugent published the first English translation.  In 1751 the Roman Catholic Church added "De l'esprit des lois" to its "Index Librorum Prohibitorum" ("List of Prohibited Books").  Yet Montesquieu's treatise had an enormous influence on the work of many others, most notably: Catherine the Great, who produced "Nakaz" ("Instruction"); the Founding Fathers of the United States Constitution; and Alexis de Tocqueville, who applied Montesquieu's methods to a study of American society, in "Democracy in America".  Macaulay offers us a hint of Montesquieu's importance when he writes in his 1827 essay entitled "Machiavelli" that "Montesquieu enjoys, perhaps, a wider celebrity than any political writer of modern Europe." Liberalism (original German title: "Liberalismus") is an influential book by Austrian School economist and libertarian thinker Ludwig von Mises, containing economic analysis and indicting critique of socialism.  It was first published in 1927 by Gustav Fischer Verlag in Jena and defending classical liberal ideology based on individual property rights.  Starting from the principle of private property, Mises shows how the other classical liberal freedoms follow from property rights and argues that liberalism free of government intervention is required to promote peace, social harmony and the general welfare.  The book was translated into English by a student of Mises, Ralph Raico, but its first English edition in 1962 was titled "The Free and Prosperous Commonwealth" rather than "Liberalism", as Mises thought that the literal translation would create confusion because the term liberalism after the New Deal and especially in the 1960s became widely used in the United States to refer to a centre-left politics that supports degrees of government intervention, in opposition to Mises' central premise.  The English translation was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2000. The Walter Lippmann Colloquium, in French Colloque Walter Lippmann, was a conference of intellectuals organized in Paris in August 1938 by French philosopher Louis Rougier.  After interest in classical liberalism had declined in the 1920s and 1930s, the aim was to construct a new Liberalism as a rejection of collectivism, socialism and laissez-faire liberalism.  At the meeting the term neoliberalism was coined by Alexander Rüstow referring to the rejection of the (old) laissez-faire liberalism.
Answer: John Locke