Question: Which co-founder developed Swatch as a response to the "quartz crisis"?
Context: Cortébert Production under the Cortébert brand name stopped in the mid-1970s.  Cortébert used to be one of the highest regarded premium watch brands, manufacturing their own movements, supplying movements to other brands such as Rolex and introducing a jump-hour movement later adopted by IWC.  When the quartz crisis hit the industry in the '70s, the majority of prestige brands ceased production including Cortébert. Microsoft Response Point was an advanced software-based telephone system developed by Microsoft.  Response Point, a PBX system targeting small businesses with less than 50 employees, was launched in March 2007, with systems available on the market in the fourth quarter of that year.  Response Point is VoIP-based, and uses SIP as its signaling and call setup protocol.  Response Point supports voicemail and multi-party calling in addition to two party VoIP calls.  Response Point features innovative voice recognition technology to manage calls and voice mail.  Voicemail messages can, optionally, be sent to e-mail where they can be retrieved and archived.  Response Point voice dialing can work with the Response Point phone directory which is currently limited to 1100 contacts per user.  Contacts may be imported from the Windows Address Book or Microsoft Outlook.  Response Point automatically detects gateways and phones connected to the network. The Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis refers to a diplomatic and humanitarian crisis that occurred in mid-2015 following the shooting of three Venezuelan soldiers on the Venezuela–Colombia border that left them injured and President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro's response of deporting thousands of Colombians.  Maduro's response of declaring a state of emergency, closing the border to Colombia indefinitely and deporting thousands of Colombians that lived near the border, struck fear in tens of thousands of other Colombians living in Venezuela resulting in their emigration from the country and a crisis involving separated families and Colombians seeking food and shelter.  The actions of President Maduro were questioned by human rights groups, the United States, the United Nations and the European Union. Swatch is a Swiss watchmaker founded in 1983 by Nicolas Hayek, and is subsidiary of The Swatch Group.  The product line was developed as a response to the "quartz crisis" of the 1970s and 1980s, in which Asian-made digital watches were competing against traditional European-made mechanical watches. Nicolas George Hayek (19 February 1928, Beirut – 28 June 2010, Biel/Bienne), was a Swiss-Lebanese entrepreneur, co-founder, CEO and Chairman of the Board of the Swatch Group, with principal headquarters in Biel/Bienne. IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 are three International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) providing accounting guidance related to consolidation and joint ventures.  The standards were issued in 2011 and became effective in 2013.  IFRS 10 addresses consolidated financial statements, IFRS 11 addresses joint ventures and IFRS 12 address disclosures of interests in other entities.  The standards were developed in part in response to the financial crisis of 2008.  During the crisis, accounting rules were criticized for permitting certain risky arrangements to be excluded from company balance sheets. IFRS 10 revised the definition of having "control" of another entity, and thus requiring that entity to be consolidated onto the controlling entity's balance sheet.  The revised definition is expected to increase the likelihood that an entity is deemed to have control over another.  IFRS 11 largely retained previous accounting guidance for joint ventures, but adopted the IFRS 10 definition of "control," meaning that "joint control" would be deemed to exist in some circumstances where it wasn't previously, and vice versa.  IFRS 12 requires the disclosures related to subsidiaries, joint ventures and interests in other entities which are not consolidated to be combined into a single disclosure.  It also requires disclosures about judgements used to determine whether control exists, why it determined that control did not exist and its relationship with entities it did not consolidate.  These extra disclosures were also in response of criticism of the previous accounting guidance in light of the financial crisis. ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse (ETA SA Swiss Watch Manufacturer) designs and manufactures quartz watches and both hand-wound and automatic-winding mechanical ébauches and movements.  Commonly referred to as ETA, the company is headquartered in Grenchen, Switzerland and is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Swatch Group Ltd. The quartz crisis (also known as the quartz revolution) is a term used in the watchmaking industry to refer to the economic upheavals caused by the advent of quartz watches in the 1970s and early 1980s, which largely replaced mechanical watches. The Crisis and Emergency Management Centre (CEMAC) is a Belgian center of excellence active in the domains of emergency planning, crisis management and crisis communications.  Its activities include research and development, consulting, training and information management.  CEMAC also covers the full cycle of crisis management: mitigation, planning, response, and recovery. Piezo ignition is a type of ignition that is used in portable camping stoves, gas grills and some lighters, and potato cannons. Piezo ignition uses the principle of piezoelectricity, which, in short, is the electric charge that accumulates in some materials in response to high pressure.  It consists of a small, spring-loaded hammer which, when a button is pressed, hits a crystal of PZT or quartz crystal.  Quartz is piezoelectric, which means that it creates a voltage when deformed.  This sudden forceful deformation produces a high voltage and subsequent electrical discharge, which ignites the gas.
Answer: Nicolas George Hayek