Question: In what year was the author of "Paths of Glory" born?
Context: Jeffrey Howard Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare (born 15 April 1940) is an English novelist and politician. Emile Meyer (August 18, 1910 – March 19, 1987) was an American actor (born in New Orleans) usually known for tough, aggressive, authoritative characters in Hollywood films from the 1950s era, mostly in westerns or thrillers.  Meyer was plucked from a crowd scene by Elia Kazan in his "Panic in the Streets" (1950) to play an uncredited small speaking role as a sea captain in that film.  He provided such noteworthy performances as Rufus Ryker the cattle baron who makes a strong case for the open range in "Shane" (1953), as the belligerent Mr Halloran in "The Blackboard Jungle" (1955), cast against type by Stanley Kubrick as Father Dupree in "Paths of Glory" (1957) and the corrupt cop Harry Kello who intends to 'chastise' Tony Curtis in "Sweet Smell of Success" (1957).  He appeared in an episode of the 1961 series "The Asphalt Jungle". Paths of Glory is a novel by English author Jeffrey Archer based on the story of George Mallory who died attempting to climb Everest in the 1920s.  It was published by St. Martin's Press on 3 March 2009.  It fictionally supports the claims that George Mallory, an Englishman, was the first to conquer Mount Everest — before Sir Edmund Hillary. The following is the filmography of American film and stage actor, film producer and author Kirk Douglas.  His popular films include "Out of the Past" (1947), "Champion" (1949), "Ace in the Hole" (1951), "The Bad and the Beautiful" (1952), "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" (1954), "Lust for Life" (1956), "Paths of Glory" (1957), "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957), "The Vikings" (1958), "Spartacus" (1960), "Lonely Are the Brave" (1962), "Seven Days in May" (1964), "The Heroes of Telemark" (1965), "Saturn 3" (1980) and "Tough Guys" (1986). Adolphe Jean Menjou (February 18, 1890 – October 29, 1963) was an American actor.  His career spanned both silent films and talkies.  He appeared in such films as Charlie Chaplin's "A Woman of Paris", in which he played the lead role; Stanley Kubrick's "Paths of Glory" with Kirk Douglas; Ernst Lubitsch's "The Marriage Circle"; "The Sheik" with Rudolph Valentino; "Morocco" with Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper; and "A Star Is Born" with Janet Gaynor and Fredric March.  He was nominated for an Academy Award for "The Front Page" in 1931. Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart (May 27, 1948 – May 13, 2014), born as Diana Moore, subsequently known as Morning Glory Ferns, Morning Glory Zell and briefly Morning G'Zell, was a Neopagan community leader, author, lecturer, and priestess of the Church of All Worlds.  An advocate of polyamory, she is credited with coining the word.  With her husband Oberon Zell-Ravenheart she designed deity images. Jean-Jacques Beineix (] ; born 8 October 1946) is a French film director and generally seen as the best example of what came to be called the "cinéma du look".  Critic Ginette Vincendeau defined the films made by Beineix and others as "youth-oriented films with high production values...The "look" of the "cinéma du look" refers to the films' high investment in non-naturalistic, self-conscious aesthetics, notably intense colours and lighting effects.  Their spectacular (studio based) and technically brilliant "mise-en-scène" is usually put to the service of romantic plots."  The "cinéma du look" included the films of Luc Besson and Léos Carax.  Luc Besson, like Beineix, was much maligned by the critical establishment during the 1980s, while Carax was much admired.  In late 2006, Beineix published a first volume of his autobiography, "Les Chantiers de la gloire" (in French only).  The title alluded to the French title of Stanley Kubrick's film, "Les Sentiers de la gloire" ("Paths of Glory"). Steve LeVine (born 1957 in New York) is a writer, journalist and blogger.  He is Future Editor for "Axios", a startup news site created by the founders of Politico, where he writes on the geopolitics of robots, society and energy.  He is also a Future Tense Fellow at the New America Foundation.  He is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, where he teaches energy security in the graduate-level Security Studies Program.  Previously, he was a foreign correspondent for eighteen years in the former Soviet Union, Pakistan and the Philippines, for "The Wall Street Journal", "The New York Times", "The Washington Post", the "Financial Times" and "Newsweek".  He formerly wrote "The Oil and the Glory", a blog on energy and geopolitics at "Foreign Policy" magazine.  LeVine is married to Nurilda Nurlybayeva and has two daughters.  He has published three books: "The Oil and the Glory" (2007) which tells the story of the struggle for fortune, glory and power on the Caspian Sea; and "Putin's Labyrinth" (2008), a profile of Russia through the life and death of a half-dozen Russians.  His latest book, "The Powerhouse", on the geopolitics of advanced batteries, which was long-listed for the Financial Times-McKinsey 2015 Business Book of the Year. Clearview 77 was a punk rock quartet hailing from Brooklyn, NY.  Born in the summer of 1996, CV77 was the true definition of the "local" band.  The band has played countless shows within the East Coast with acts like Face to Face, New Found Glory, Finch, Saves the Day, The Amazing Crowns, US Bombs, Big Wig, Murphy's Law, Alkaline Trio, The Queers, GOB, and many more.  In their 8-year existence the band managed to finish at the top of the charts and competitions for CMJ, Discmakers, Garageband.com, mp3.com, Jim Beam, Loudenergy, had a song aired on CNN and Good Morning America, and added to college radio stations across the US.  The band also finished in the top 10 in 92.3 FM K-ROCK' best unsigned band of 2000 contest.  Clearview 77 have also been featured on multiple compilations with acts like NOFX, New Found Glory, Auto Pilot Off, Agnostic Front, Midtown, ALL, Saves the Day, Down By Law, Circle Jerks, and many more.  The opening track on their 2000 EP "Another Story" produced by Agnostic Front frontman Roger Miret was played on K-ROCK's "The Buzz" with Matt Pinfield.  This led to many 1st's for the band as they performed on live TV for "Studio Y" on cables Metro Channel.  Clearview 77 also received ample airplay on national radio with their cover of the U2 classic "With or Without You" in 2002.  At the tail end of their career the band recorded 2 songs and filmed TV commercial spots for the cable network TNN.  The promo spots for the networks James Bond marathon aired on MTV, ESPN, TNN, TNT, TV Land, and Nickolodeon in the winter of 2002.  The band parted ways and retired in the beginning of 2004. Jean Rouaud (born December 13, 1952) is a French author, who was born in Campbon, Loire-Atlantique.  In 1990 his novel "Fields of Glory" (French: "Les Champs d'honneur") won the Prix Goncourt.  First believed to be the first book in a trilogy, Fields of Glory turned out to be the first book in a series of five books on the family history of the author.  In 2009 he published the novel "La femme promise".
Answer: 1940