Question: The case of Loving v. Virginia in 1967 was a landmark civil rights decision of the US Supreme Court which invalidated what prohibition that was historically taboo in the United States and outlawed in South Africa?
Context: Anti-miscegenation laws or miscegenation laws were laws that enforced racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes also sex between members of different races.  Such laws were first introduced in North America from the late seventeenth century onwards by several of the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently by many US states and US territories and remained in force in many US states until 1967.  After the Second World War, an increasing number of states repealed their anti-miscegenation laws.  In 1967, in "Loving v. Virginia", the remaining anti-miscegenation laws were held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States.  Similar laws were also enforced in Nazi Germany as part of the Nuremberg laws, and in South Africa as part of the system of Apartheid. "Loving" is a 2016 historical drama film written and directed by Jeff Nichols.  The film tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving, the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision "Loving v. Virginia", which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage. Interracial marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different races.  It was historically a taboo in the United States of America and outlawed in South Africa.  It was formally declared legal in the United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case "Loving v. Virginia" that race-based restrictions on the set of individuals whom an individual is eligible to marry violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage. Rodríguez v. Popular Democratic Party, 457 U.S. 1 (1982) , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States heard on appeal from the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico whether Puerto Rico may by statute vest in a political party the power to fill an interim vacancy in the Puerto Rico Legislature.  The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico held that such a procedure did not violate the United States Constitution, and the US Supreme Court upheld the decision of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.  The case was of some interest to close followers of the Court as it featured the one and only return of former associate justice, Abe Fortas, now in private practice, at oral argument on behalf of the appellee. As the 1960s emerged, a growing sensitivity to minority rights was born, spurred by Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Loving v. Virginia and legislation including the Voting Rights Act of 1957, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act if 1968.  Into this turbulent time, a pan-Indian movement developed predominantly with the goals of having the US government return native lands, right social ills, and provide funds for cultural education.  The Red Power Movement and American Indian Movement were both born out of this pan-Indian awakening, which was, at least in the beginning, an urban phenomenon, an awareness of ones "Indian-ness" and the similarities of tribal customs.  In cities, cut off from the tribe, one still experienced things that bound them to other native people because of an innate oneness of tribal behavior and kinship of tradition.  After years of being told that relocation to cities would help them assimilate into the greater society, Native American experience was non-acceptance, isolation, and paternalism, which led them to each other for a sense of connection.  In just such an environment, young Choctaw activists began awakening in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Bernard S. "Bernie" Cohen (born January 17, 1934) is a politician and former Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates.  Along with attorney Philip J. Hirschkop, Cohen argued (as a volunteer cooperating attorney for the ACLU) in April 1967 for the petitioners Richard and Mildred Loving in the case of "Loving v. Virginia" before the Supreme Court of the United States.  In June 1967, the Court rendered its unanimous decision banning state laws against interracial marriage. Pace v. Alabama, 106 U.S. 583 (1883), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court affirmed that Alabama's anti-miscegenation statute was constitutional.  This ruling was rejected by the Supreme Court in 1964 in "McLaughlin v. Florida" and in 1967 in "Loving v. Virginia".  "Pace v. Alabama" is possibly the first recorded interracial sex court case in America. The Civil Rights Cases, 109 US 3 (1883) were a group of five US Supreme Court constitutional law cases.  Against the famous dissent of Justice Harlan, a majority held the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional, because Congress lacked authority to regulate private affairs under the Fourteenth Amendment, and that the Thirteenth Amendment "merely abolishes slavery".  The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had banned race discrimination in access to services offered to the public.  The decision was effectively reversed in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court from 1937, and finally by legislation under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Loving is a 2016 British-American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving, the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision "Loving v. Virginia", which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage.  The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films, and distributed by Focus Features.  The film takes inspiration from "The Loving Story" (2011) by Nancy Buirski, a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case.
Answer: Interracial marriage