Question: Which writer was Soviet, Booth Tarkington or Marina Tsvetaeva?
Context: Seventeen is a 1916 American comedy silent film directed by Robert G. Vignola and written by Booth Tarkington and Harvey F. Thew.  It is based on Tarkington's novel of the same name which was published earlier the same year.  The film stars Louise Huff, Jack Pickford, Winifred Allen, Madge Evans, Walter Hiers and Dick Lee.  The film was released on November 2, 1916, by Paramount Pictures. Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels "The Magnificent Ambersons" and "Alice Adams".  He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike. The Fortean Society was started in the United States in 1931 during a meeting held in the New York flat of Charles Hoy Fort in order to promote the ideas of American writer Charles Fort.  The Fortean Society was primarily based in New York City.  Its first president was Theodore Dreiser, an old friend of Charles Fort, who had helped to get his work published.  Founding members of The Fortean Society included Tiffany Thayer, Booth Tarkington, Ben Hecht, Alexander Woollcott (and many of NYC's literati such as Dorothy Parker), and Baltimore writer H. L. Mencken.  Other members included Vincent Gaddis, Ivan T. Sanderson, A. Merritt, Frank Lloyd Wright and Buckminster Fuller.  The first 6 issues of the Fortean Society's newsletter "Doubt" were each edited by a different member, starting with Theodore Dreiser.  Tiffany Thayer thereafter took over editorship of subsequent issues.  Thayer began to assert extreme control over the society, largely filling the newsletter with articles written by himself, and excommunicating the entire San Francisco chapter, reportedly their most active, after disagreements over the society's direction, and forbidding them to use the name Fortean.  During World War II, for example, Thayer used every issue of "Doubt" to espouse his politics.  Particularly, he frequently expressed opposition to Civil Defense, going to such lengths as encouraging readers to turn on their lights in defiance to air raid sirens.  In contrast to the spirit of Charles Fort, he not only dismissed flying saucers as nonsense, but also dismissed the atomic bomb as a hoax. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (Russian: Мари́на Ива́новна Цвета́ева ; ] ; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1892 31 August 1941) was a Russian and Soviet poet.  Her work is considered among some of the greatest in twentieth century Russian literature.  She lived through and wrote of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Moscow famine that followed it.  In an attempt to save her daughter Irina from starvation, she placed her in a state orphanage in 1919, where she died of hunger.  Tsvetaeva left Russia in 1922 and lived with her family in increasing poverty in Paris, Berlin and Prague before returning to Moscow in 1939.  Her husband Sergei Efron and her daughter Ariadna Efron (Alya) were arrested on espionage charges in 1941; and her husband was executed.  Tsvetaeva committed suicide in 1941.  As a lyrical poet, her passion and daring linguistic experimentation mark her as a striking chronicler of her times and the depths of the human condition. Psychpanalyst and writer, Claude Delay (born 22 December 1934 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, is also the author of several biographies of Coco Chanel, the Russian poet Marina Tsvetaeva and the brothers Alberto and Diego Giacometti.  The granddaughter of the surgeon and politician , she is the daughter of professor Jean Delay and the sister of the novelist Florence Delay of the Académie française Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus', the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union.  The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed.  By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama.  Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore.  Prose was flourishing as well.  The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol.  Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels.  Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky soon became internationally renowned.  In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist.  The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry.  The poets most often associated with the "Silver Age" are Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov, Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Marina Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak.  This era produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Fyodor Sologub, Aleksey Remizov, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. Mirra Lokhvitskaya (Russian: Ми́рра Ло́хвицкая ; born Maria Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya – Russian: Мари́я Алекса́ндровна Ло́хвицкая ; November 19, 1869 – August 27, 1905) was a Russian poet who rose to fame in the late 1890s.  In her short lifetime Lokhvitskaya published five books of poetry, the first and the last of which received the most coveted Russian literary award of the day, the Pushkin Prize.  Due to the flamboyantly erotic sensuality of her works, Lokhvitskaya was regarded as the "Russian Sappho" by her contemporaries, which did not correspond with her conservative life style of dedicated wife and mother of five sons.  Forgotten in Soviet times, in the late 20th century Lokhvitskaya's legacy was reassessed and she came to be regarded as one of the most original and influential voices of the Silver Age of Russian Poetry and the first in the line of modern Russian women poets who paved the way for Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva. Sergei Yakovlevich Efron (Russian: Серге́й Я́ковлевич Эфро́н; 8 October 1893 – 16 October 1941), nicknamed Seryozha, was a Russian poet, officer of White Army and husband of Marina Tsvetaeva.  While in emigration, he was recruited by the Soviet NKVD.  After returning to USSR from France, he was executed. Penrod is a collection of comic sketches by Booth Tarkington that was first published in 1914.  The book follows the misadventures of Penrod Schofield, an eleven-year-old boy growing up in the pre-World War I Midwestern United States, in a similar vein to "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer".  In "Penrod", Tarkington established characters who appeared in two further books, "Penrod and Sam" (1916) and "Penrod Jashber" (1929).  The three books were published together in one volume, "Penrod: His Complete Story", in 1931. Sofia Polyakova (Russian: София Викторовна Полякова , 1914–1994) was a Soviet classical philologist, Byzantine specialist and scholar of ancient Greek and Byzantine authors.  She published the first collection of the works of the Russian poet Sophia Parnok and was the first scholar to unravel the relationship of Parnok and Marina Tsvetaeva.  Her work on Parnok, revived scholarly interest in the poet.
Answer: Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva