Question: Between Gravel v. United States and Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, which case involved military commissions set up by the Bush administration?
Context: Brigadier General Thomas Hemingway is an American military lawyer who has served as a legal advisor to the Office of Military Commissions.  Thomas Hemingway was a distinguished graduate of the Air Force ROTC program, was commissioned as a second lieutenant in November 1962 after earning his undergraduate degree at Willamette University.  Upon graduation, he took an educational delay and earned his doctor of jurisprudence in 1965 at Willamette University College of Law.  Hemingway entered active service in November 1965.  He has also been an associate professor of law at the United States Air Force Academy and a senior judge on the Air Force Court of Military Review.  He is a current member of the state bar in Oregon and the District of Columbia, and has been admitted to practice before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Supreme Court of the United States.  He retired from active service in October 1996.  General Hemingway was recalled to active service in August 2003 to fill the position as Legal Adviser to the Convening Authority in the Department of Defense Office of Military Commissions, Washington, D.C. General. The Military Commissions Act of 2009, which amended the Military Commissions Act of 2006, was passed to address concerns by the United States Supreme Court.  In "Boumediene v. Bush" (2008) the court had ruled that the Military Commissions Act of 2006 was unconstitutional in suspending the right of detainees to "habeas corpus".  The court ruled that detainees had the right to access US federal courts to challenge their detentions. United States v. Mohamed Jawad is one of the military commissions convened under the authority of the Military Commissions Act of 2006. The Guantanamo military commissions are military tribunals authorized by presidential order, then by the Military Commissions Act of 2006, and currently by the Military Commissions Act of 2009 for prosecuting detainees held in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps. Secrecy is a 2008 documentary film directed by Harvard University professors Peter Galison and Robb Moss.  According to its website, it "is a film about the vast, invisible world of government secrecy," and features interviews with a variety of people on all sides of the secrecy issue, including Steven Aftergood (of Federation of American Scientists), Tom Blanton (of the National Security Archive), James B. Bruce (who was a senior staff member to the Iraq Intelligence Commission), Barton Gellman (a "Washington Post" journalist), Melissa Boyle Mahle (a former CIA officer), the plaintiffs in "United States v. Reynolds" (1953) (the case which established the State Secrets Privilege in the United States), Siegfried Hecker (former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory), Mike Levin (a former member of the National Security Agency), and Neal Katyal and Charles Swift (the lawyers for the defendant in "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld"). The Chief Defense Counsel is a United States Department of Defense military position created by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 to supervise military and civilian defense attorneys for Guantanamo Bay detention camp prisoners in the Guantanamo military commission.  The Office of the Chief Defense Counsel is a component of the Office of Military Commissions. Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008) , was a writ of habeas corpus submission made in a civilian court of the United States on behalf of Lakhdar Boumediene, a naturalized citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, held in military detention by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba.  Guantanamo Bay is not formally part of the United States, and under the terms of the 1903 lease between the United States and Cuba, Cuba retained ultimate sovereignty over the territory, while the United States exercises complete jurisdiction and control.  The case was consolidated with habeas petition "Al Odah v. United States".  It challenged the legality of Boumediene's detention at the United States Naval Station military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba as well as the constitutionality of the Military Commissions Act of 2006.  Oral arguments on the combined cases were heard by the Supreme Court on December 5, 2007. Gravel v. United States, 408 U.S. 606 (1972), was a case regarding the protections offered by the Speech or Debate Clause of the United States Constitution.  In the case, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the privileges and immunities of the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause enjoyed by members of Congress also extend to Congressional aides, but not to activity outside the legislative process. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006) , is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that military commissions set up by the Bush administration to try detainees at Guantanamo Bay lack "the power to proceed because its structures and procedures violate both the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the four Geneva Conventions signed in 1949."  Specifically, the ruling says that Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions was violated. The Military Commission Order No. 1 was an order that came into focus in the 2006 ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States in 'Hamdan v. Rumsfeld".
Answer: Hamdan v. Rumsfeld