Question: Auschwitz and After is based life and survival in what network of German Nazi concentration and extermination camps operated by the Third Reich in World War II?
Context: This article presents a partial list of the most prominent Nazi German concentration camps set up across Europe during the course of World War II and the ensuing Holocaust.  A more complete list drawn up in 1967 by the German Ministry of Justice names about 1,200 camps and subcamps in countries occupied by Germany, while the Jewish Virtual Library writes: "It is estimated that the Germans established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries."  The concentration camps are not to be confused with the extermination camps which were designed and built exclusively to kill prisoners on a massive scale immediately upon arrival.  The extermination camps of Operation Reinhard such as Belzec, Sobibór and Treblinka served as "death factories" in which German SS and police murdered nearly 2,700,000 Jews either by asphyxiation with poison gas or by shooting.  Meanwhile, the concentration camps listed herein served primarily as detention and slave labor exploitation centers.  Most of them were destroyed by the Germans in an attempt to hide the evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity; nevertheless tens of thousands of prisoners sent on death marches were liberated by the Allies afterward. Auschwitz concentration camp (German: "Konzentrationslager Auschwitz" , ] , also "KZ Auschwitz " or "KL Auschwitz ") was a network of German Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.  It consisted of (the original camp), Auschwitz II–Birkenau (a combination concentration/extermination camp), (a labor camp to staff an IG Farben factory), and 45 satellite camps. Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the "" national railway system under the strict supervision of the German Nazis and their allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the German Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps. The Bitburg controversy involved a ceremonial visit by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to a German military cemetery in Bitburg, a town in extreme western Germany near the border with Luxembourg, in May 1985, designed to commemorate the end of World War II in Europe 40 years earlier.  The visit aroused considerable criticism, both in the United States and around the world, due to the many burial plots at the site dedicated to members of the Waffen-SS – a military arm of the Third Reich's SS ("Schutzstaffel").  The Waffen-SS, alongside with the entire SS, was judged to be a criminal organisation by the Nuremberg trials.  The controversy was compounded by the fact that Reagan did not originally intend to visit the sites of former Nazi concentration camps, though a trip to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was later added to the itinerary. The Holocaust in German-occupied Poland was the last and the most lethal phase of the Nazi "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" ("Endlösung der Judenfrage") marked by the construction of death camps on German-occupied Polish soil.  The genocide officially sanctioned and executed by the Third Reich during World War II, collectively known as the Holocaust, took the lives of more than three million Polish Jews.  The extermination camps played a central role in the implementation of the German policy of systematic and mostly successful destruction of over 90% of the Polish-Jewish population of the Second Polish Republic. In World War II, Nazi Germany established brothels in the concentration camps ("Lagerbordell") to create an incentive for prisoners to collaborate, although these institutions were used mostly by Kapos, "prisoner functionaries" and the criminal element, because regular inmates, penniless and emaciated, were usually too debilitated and wary of exposure to Schutzstaffel (SS) schemes.  In the end, the camp brothels did not produce any noticeable increase in the prisoners' work productivity levels, but instead, created a market for coupons among the camp VIPs.  The women forced into these brothels came mainly from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, except for Auschwitz, which employed its own prisoners.  In combination with the German military brothels in World War II, it is estimated that at least 34,140 female inmates were forced into sexual slavery during the Third Reich. Auschwitz and After ("Auschwitz, et après") is a first person account of life and survival in Birkenau by Charlotte Delbo, translated into English by Rose C. Lamont. The Białystok Ghetto (Polish: "getto w Białymstoku" ) was a World War II Jewish ghetto set up by Nazi Germany between July 26 and early August 1941 in the newly formed "Bezirk Bialystok" district of the Third Reich within Nazi occupied Poland.  About 50,000 Jews from the vicinity of Białystok and the surrounding region were herded into a small area of the city, which was turned into the "Bezirk's" capital.  The ghetto was split in two by the Biała River running through it "(see map)".  Most inmates were put to work in the forced-labor enterprises for the German war effort, primarily in large textile, shoe and chemical companies operating inside and outside its boundaries.  The ghetto was liquidated in November 1943 after the Białystok Ghetto uprising was crushed.  All its inhabitants were either killed locally, or transported in Holocaust trains to the Majdanek and Treblinka extermination camps. The Belsen trial was one of several trials which the Allied occupation forces conducted against former officials and functionaries of Nazi Germany after the end of World War II.  The "Belsen Trial" took place in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany in 1945 and the defendants were men and women of the SS as well as prisoner functionaries who had worked at various concentration camps, notably Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.  The trial generated considerable interest around the world, as the public heard for the first time from some of those responsible for the mass murder in the eastern extermination camps.  Some later trials are also referred to as "Belsen Trials". Mittelbau-Dora (also Dora-Mittelbau and Nordhausen-Dora) was a German Nazi concentration camp located near Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany.  It was established in late summer 1943 as a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp, supplying slave labour from many countries occupied by Germany (including Italian POWs and evacuated survivors of eastern extermination camps), for extending the nearby tunnels in the Kohnstein and for manufacturing the V-2 rocket and the V-1 flying bomb.  In the summer of 1944, "Mittelbau" became an independent concentration camp with numerous subcamps of its own.  In 1945, most of the surviving inmates were evacuated by the SS.  On 11 April 1945, US troops freed the remaining prisoners.  Around one in three of the roughly 60,000 prisoners who were sent to Mittelbau did not survive.
Answer: Auschwitz concentration camp