Question: Anatoly Maltsev and Valentin Turchin were both from Russia, which of the two is known for his work as a mathematician?
Context: Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Russian: Валентин Витальевич Лебедев ; born April 14, 1942 in Moscow) was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space.  His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (Russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н , 14 February 1931 in Podolsk – 7 April 2010 in Oakland, New Jersey) was a Soviet and American cybernetician and computer scientist.  He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation.  He was as a pioneer in Artificial Intelligence and a proponent of the global brain hypothesis. Anatoly Ivanovich Maltsev (also: Malcev, Mal'cev; Russian: Анато́лий Ива́нович Ма́льцев; 27 November N.S./14 November O.S. 1909, Moscow Governorate – 7 June 1967, Novosibirsk) was born in Misheronsky, near Moscow, and died in Novosibirsk, USSR.  He was a mathematician noted for his work on the decidability of various algebraic groups. Malcev algebras (generalisations of Lie algebras) are named after him. Anatoly Yuryevich Ravikovich (Russian: Анатолий Юрьевич Равикович ; December 24, 1936 – April 8, 2012) was a Soviet and Russian actor.  He graduated from the Saint Petersburg State Theatre Arts Academy in 1958 and started to work at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur drama theater.  In 1962 Ravikovich returned to Leningrad and started to work at the Saint Petersburg Lensoviet Theatre.  In 1982 he appeared in Mikhail Kozakov's comedy film "The Pokrovsky Gate".  He was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1988.  Anatoly Ravikovich died on April 8, 2012 in Saint Petersburg.  He is survived by his wife Irina Mazurkevich, also a People's Artist of Russia. Andrei Nikolayevich Tverdokhlebov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Твердохле́бов , 30 September 1940, Moscow – 3 December 2011, Pennsylvania, United States) was a Soviet physicist, dissident and human rights activist.  In 1970, he founded - along with Valery Chalidze and Andrei Sakharov - the Committee on Human Rights in the USSR.  In 1973, Tverdokhlebov - along with Valentin Turchin - founded the first chapter of Amnesty International in the Soviet Union.  He also helped found Group 73, a human rights organization that helped political prisoners in the Soviet Union.  He was the author/editor of several samizdat publications while in the Soviet Union, which were compiled in the book, "In Defense of Human Rights", published by Khronika Press, New York, in 1975. In mathematics, Hahn series (sometimes also known as Hahn–Mal'cev–Neumann series) are a type of formal infinite series.  They are a generalization of Puiseux series (themselves a generalization of formal power series) and were first introduced by Hans Hahn in 1907 (and then further generalized by Anatoly Maltsev and Bernhard Neumann to a non-commutative setting).  They allow for arbitrary exponents of the indeterminate so long as the set supporting them forms a well-ordered subset of the value group (typically formula_1 or formula_2).  Hahn series were first introduced, as groups, in the course of the proof of the Hahn embedding theorem and then studied by him as fields in his approach to Hilbert's seventeenth problem. Anatoly Alexeevitch Karatsuba (Russian: Анато́лий Алексе́евич Карацу́ба ; Grozny, Soviet Union, January 31, 1937 – Moscow, Russia, September 28, 2008) was a Russian mathematician working in the field of analytic number theory, "p"-adic numbers and Dirichlet series. Father Anatoly Tikhai was a Romanian hieromonk who came to Japan in the early 1870s to assist Fr.  Nicholas in his missionary work in Japan.  Initially, the future St. Nicholas of Japan assigned Fr.  Anatoly to his original church in Hakodate on Hokkaido island in northern Japan.  During his years in Japan before he returned to Russia due to illness, Archimandrite Anatoly organized and taught schools in Hakodate and Osaka as well as serving as dean of the language school and organizing the seminary in Tokyo. Ivan Vasyliovych Turchin (Ukrainian: Ivan Vasyliovych Turchin ; December 24, 1822 – June 18, 1901) better known by his Anglicised name of John Basil Turchin, was a Union army brigadier general in the American Civil War.  He led two critical charges that saved the day at Chickamauga and was among the first to lead soldiers up Missionary Ridge. Metacompilation is a computation which involves metasystem transitions (MST) from a computing machine "M" to a metamachine "M' " which controls, analyzes and imitates the work of "M".  Semantics-based program transformation, such as partial evaluation and supercompilation (SCP), is metacomputation.  Metasystem transitions may be repeated, as when a program transformer gets transformed itself.  In this manner MST hierarchies of any height can be formed.  The Fox paper reviews one strain of research which was started in Russia by Valentin Turchin's REFAL system in the late 1960s-early 1970s and became known for the development of supercompilation as a distinct method of program transformation.  After a brief description of the history of this research line, the paper concentrates on those results and problems where supercompilation is combined with repeated metasystem transitions.
Answer: Malcev algebras (generalisations of Lie algebras) are named after him.