Question: University of Pittsburgh and Northwestern University, are both which type of universities?
Context: Allen B. Kanavel (1874, Sedgwick, Kansas – 1938 Pasadena, California) was an American surgeon remembered for describing Kanavel's sign.  He graduated from the Northwestern University School of Medicine in 1899.  He spent six months in Vienna, then spent his career at Cook County Hospital and the department of surgery at Northwestern University School of Medicine.  He became professor of surgery at Northwestern in 1919, and was associate editor and later editor of the "Journal of Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics".  In 1920 he established the Department of Neurological Surgery at Northwestern University and was named Chairman of the department.  He worked with the United States Army during the First World War, both in the Surgeon General's office in Washington, DC and in France in 1918 as assistant to the Chief Consultant in surgery of the American Expeditionary Force.  His interest was infections of the hand, and his 1912 mongraph on the subject was considered a milestone in hand surgery. This list of Northwestern University buildings encompasses the two campuses of Northwestern University: Evanston, Illinois and Chicago, Illinois.  The Evanston site has approximately 150 buildings on its 240 acre campus.  Many of these buildings are located on the Northwestern University Lakefill.  The downtown Chicago campus, of approximately 25 acre , is home to the Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern University School of Law. Charles Deering Library, on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, U.S., was the main library on the Evanston campus until the construction of the Northwestern University Library in 1970.  Deering Library houses the Government Publications Department and the Northwestern University Archives on the first floor, the Music Library on the second floor, and the Map Collection, the Art Reference Collection and the Special Collections Department on the third floor.  The library is named for Charles Deering, a Northwestern benefactor and chairman of International Harvester, who provided the initial financing for the building. Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university based in Evanston, Illinois, with other campuses located in Chicago and Doha, Qatar, and academic programs and facilities in Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, California. The University of Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh Academy.  It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819.  After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908.  For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution, until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education. Reginald Gibbons (born 1947) is an American poet, fiction writer, translator, literary critic, and Professor of English and Classics at Northwestern University and Director of the Center for the Writing Arts there.  Gibbons has published numerous books, as well as poems, short stories, essays and reviews in journals and magazines, has held Guggenheim Foundation and NEA fellowships in poetry and a research fellowship from the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington D.C.  He has won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Carl Sandburg Prize, the Folger Shakespeare Library's O. B. Hardison, Jr.  Poetry Prize, and other honors, among them the inclusion of his work in "Best American Poetry" and "Pushcart Prize" anthologies.  His book "Creatures of a Day" was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award for poetry.  He attended public school in Spring Branch (at that time, outside Houston, Texas; now incorporated into the city), Princeton University (BA Spanish and Portuguese), and Stanford University (MA in English and Creative Writing; PhD in Comparative Literature).  Before moving to Northwestern University, he taught creative writing at Princeton and Columbia.  At Northwestern, he was the editor of "TriQuarterly" magazine from 1981 to 1997, and co-founded TriQuarterly Books (after 1997, an imprint of Northwestern University Press).  As the editor of "TriQuarterly", he edited or co-edited the special issues "Chicago" (1984), "From South Africa: New Writing, Photography and Art" (1987), "A Window on Poland" (1983), "Prose from Spain" (1983), "New Writing from Mexico" (1992), and others, as well as many general issues of the magazine.  He edited two works of William Goyen (1915-1983): the 50th Anniversary edition of "The House of Breath" and the Goyen's posthumously published second novel, "Half a Look of Cain" (both published by Northwestern University Press).  In 1989, he was one of a group of co-founders of the Guild Literary Complex (Chicago), a literary presenting organization, where he continues to volunteer, and he is a member of the large team that is creating the American Writers Museum (Chicago; opening in 2017). The Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy is a scholarly legal journal that is the online companion to the Northwestern University Law Review located at the Northwestern University School of Law.  Although the Colloquy is published online, its scholarly and journalistic standards are equal to that of the print Law Review. Fred Hemke, DMA "(né" Frederick Leroy Hemke, Jr.; born July 11, 1935 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American virtuoso classical saxophonist and influential former professor of saxophone at Northwestern University.  Hemke helped raise the popularity of classical saxophone, particularly among leading American composers and helped raise the recognition of classical saxophone in solo, chamber, and major orchestral repertoire.  For a half century, from 1962 to 2012, Hemke was a full-time faculty music educator at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music.  In 2002, Hemke was named Associate Dean Emeritus of the School of Music.  Hemke retired from Northwestern University in 2012.  From the start of his career in the early 1960s, building on the achievements of earlier influential American teachers of classical saxophone — including those of Larry Teal, Joseph Allard, Cecil Leeson, Sigurd Raschèr, and Vincent Abato — Hemke, and a handful of peer American saxophonists — including Eugene Rousseau and Donald Sinta — helped build American saxophone repertoire through composers that included Muczynski, Creston, Stein, Heiden, and Karlins.  Journalist and author Michael Segell, in his 2005 book, "The Devil's Horn," called Hemke "The Dean of Saxophone Education in America." The Northwestern University Archives, established in 1935, holds thousands of cubic feet of material pertaining to every aspect of the history of its host institution, Northwestern University.  The University Archives serves as the repository for both non-current official Northwestern University records and a wide variety of other material including the papers of individual faculty members, the records of student organizations, holdings which pertain to individual students and alumni, photographs, and artifacts.  The University Archives' holdings are open for research and reference use and are non-circulating. Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon is a published contributor to the field of Education.  She is the Director of the Master of Science in Education Program at Northwestern University, where she is also a professor in the School of Education and Social Policy.  She teaches with a focus in the philosophy of education, teacher education, interpretive discussion, and philosophy of psychology.  Haroutunian-Gordon began teaching in the Glencoe area of Illinois - she taught sixth grade for five years.  She left the faculty of the Department of Education at University of Chicago in 1991, and soon came to Northwestern University to direct the Master of Science in Education Program.  Her published work ranges from psychology to the philosophy of education and teacher education.  According to Northwestern University, "her second book, Turning the Soul: Teaching Through Conversation, received the American Education Studies Critics Choice Award in 1994.  In 1996 she helped to form the Urban/Suburban-Northwestern Consortium of schools, which has received funding from the Joyce Foundation.  Haroutunian-Gordon is immediate past president of the Philosophy of Education Society (2003–04)."
Answer: research