Question: Who is the supreme governor of the church which Thomas Brightman condemned as Laodicean?
Context: A Landesbischof is the head of some Protestant Landeskirche (regional church) in Germany.  Based on the principle of the summepiscopacy (aka in German: "landesherrliches Kirchenregiment" ), the Lutheran princes assumed the position of the Supreme Governor of the then Lutheran State churches (Cf. Supreme Governor of the Church of England) in their territory (German: "Land") after the Reformation.  After the First World War, the summepiscopacy ended and in some regional churches a member of the clergy was elected as "Landesbischof". The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which was made during the reign of Elizabeth I, was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I.  This response, described as "The Revolution of 1559", was set out in two Acts of the Parliament of England.  The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, with Parliament conferring on Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England, while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 outlined what form the English Church should take, including the re-establishment of the Book of Common Prayer. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is a title held by the British monarch that signifies titular leadership over the Church of England.  Although the monarch's authority over the Church of England is largely ceremonial, the position is still very relevant to the church and is mostly observed in a symbolic capacity.  The Supreme Governor formally appoints high-ranking members of the church on the advice of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who is in turn advised by church leaders. The Oath of Supremacy required any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church of England.  Failure to do so was to be treated as treasonable.  The Oath of Supremacy was originally imposed by King Henry VIII of England through the Act of Supremacy 1534, but repealed by his daughter, Queen Mary I of England and reinstated under Mary's half-sister, Queen Elizabeth I of England under the Act of Supremacy 1559.  The Oath was later extended to include Members of Parliament and people studying at universities. The established Christian church in England is the Church of England whose Supreme Governor is the Monarch of England. The visit of Pope John Paul II to the United Kingdom in 1982 was the first visit to that country by a reigning pope.  The pope arrived in the UK on Friday 28 May, and during his time there visited nine cities, delivering 16 major addresses.  Among significant events were a meeting with Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, a joint service alongside the then-Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie at Canterbury Cathedral, meeting with and addressing the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at The Mound, and five large open air Masses in London, Coventry, Manchester, Glasgow, and Cardiff.  Following his six-day visit which took him to locations in England, Scotland and Wales, he returned to the Vatican on 2 June. The title was created for King Henry VIII, who was responsible for the English Christian (protestant) church breaking away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church after the Pope excommunicated Henry in 1533 over his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.  By 1536, Henry had broken with Rome, seized the church's assets in England and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head.  The Act of Supremacy of 1534 confirmed the King's status as having supremacy over the church and required the nobility to swear an oath recognising Henry's supremacy.  Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I, a staunch Catholic, attempted to restore the English church's allegiance to the pope and repealed the Act of Supremacy in 1555.  Her half-sister, the Protestant Elizabeth I, took the throne in 1558 and the next year, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1559 that restored the original act.  The new Oath of Supremacy that nobles were required to swear gave the queen's title as "Supreme Governor" of the church rather than "Supreme Head", to avoid the charge that the monarchy was claiming divinity or usurping Christ, whom the Bible explicitly identifies as Head of the Church. Yekatit 12 is a date in the Ethiopian calendar, equivalent to 19 February in the Gregorian calendar, which is commonly used to refer to the indiscriminate massacre, known as the Addis Ababa massacre, and imprisonment of Ethiopians by elements of the Italian occupation forces following an attempted assassination of Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, Marchese di Neghelli, Viceroy of Italian East Africa, on 19 February 1937.  Marshal The Marchese di Neghelli had led the Italian forces to victory over their Ethiopian opponents in the Second Italian invasion of Ethiopia and was supreme governor of Italian East Africa.  This was one of the worst atrocities committed by the Italian occupation forces and has been described as the worst massacre in Ethiopian history. Thomas Brightman (1562–1607) was an English clergyman and biblical commentator.  His exegesis of the Book of Revelation, published posthumously, proved influential.  According to William M. Lamont, Brightman and Joseph Mede were the two most important “revisionists” of the interpretation and eschatology set down by John Foxe; among Brightman's contributions was to weaken the imperial associations tied to the Emperor Constantine I.  The detailed reading, in favour of the Genevan and Scottish churches, and condemning the 'Laodicean' (lukewarm) Church of England, helped to move on the Puritan conceptions of church reform and its urgency. The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.  The Archbishop of Canterbury (currently Justin Welby) is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor.  The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion.  It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.
Answer: monarch