Question: The sociology of literature studies the social production of literature and its social implications, a notable exampe is "Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire" by a French sociologiest, anthropologist, philosopher and what?
Context: Prosper Lucas (4 November 1808, Saint-Brieuc – 2 April 1885, Mennecy) was a French medical doctor, brother of Pierre-Hippolyte Lucas (1814-1899) and specialist in the study of heredity.  For which he wrote ""Traité philosophique et physiologique de l'hérédité naturelle"" ("Philosophical and physiological treatise on natural heredity"), full title – "Traité philosophique et physiologique de l'hérédité naturelle dans les états de santé et de maladie du système nerveux, avec l'application méthodique des lois de la procréation au traitement général des affections dont elle est le principe.  Ouvrage où la question est considérée dans ses rapports avec les lois primordiales, les théories de la génération, les causes déterminantes de la sexualité, les modifications acquises de la nature originelle des êtres, et les diverses formes de névropathie et d'aliénation mentale", in two volumes (1847 and 1850), which Charles Darwin described in "The Origin of Species" (1859) as "the fullest and the best on this subject". Pierre Felix Bourdieu (] ; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist, anthropologist, philosopher, and public intellectual. Adamou Idé (22 November 1951 - ) is a Nigerien poet and novelist.  A native speaker of the Zarma language, Idé left his home in Niamey to study public administration in France, receiving degrees from The Sorbonne ("Université de Paris I") and the Institut international d'administration publique in Paris, serving as an official in the Government of Niger and in international organizations.  Idé published his first collection of poems, "Cri Inachivé" ("The Unfinished Cry") in 1984, and his first novel in 1987.  He has published both in French and in Zarma.  Idé won the first Nigerien National Poetry Prize ("Prix national de Poésie") in 1981 And the "Grand Prix Littéraire Boubou Hama du Niger" in 1996.  He has served as a jury member for the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire in 1991 and received the "Chevalier de l'Ordre du Mérite" ("Knight of the Order of Merit") of Niger.  He has served as the president of the "Societé des Gens du Lettres du Niger" and the 3rd African Forum of Documentary Film (Niamey, 2008.) Davesh Soneji is Associate Professor in the Department of South Asia Studies at the University of Pennsylvania.  His research interests lie at the intersections of social and cultural history, religion, and anthropology.  For the past two decades, he has produced research that focuses primarily on religion and the performing arts in South India, but also includes work on gender, class, caste, and colonialism.  He is best known for his work on the social history of professional female artists in Tamil and Telugu-speaking South India and is author of Unfinished Gestures: Devadāsīs, Memory, and Modernity in South India (University of Chicago Press, 2012), which was awarded the 2013 Bernard S. Cohn Book Prize from The Association for Asian Studies (AAS).  He is also editor of Bharatanāṭyam: A Reader (Oxford University Press, 2010; 2012) and co-editor, with Indira Viswanathan Peterson, of Performing Pasts: Reinventing the Arts in Modern South India (Oxford University Press, 2008).  He is presently co-editing another volume entitled Dance and the Early South Indian Cinema (forthcoming).  Prof. Soneji has recently held positions as Visiting Professor at the Central University of Hyderabad in India, as well as Le Centre d'Études de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud (CEIAS) in Paris.  Prior to coming to the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. Soneji taught at McGill University in Montreal, Canada for over twelve years.  Prof. Soneji is also the co-founder and director of The Mangala Initiative, a non-profit organization centred on social justice issues for hereditary performing artists in South India.  He is currently working a new book on the social history of “classical” (Karṇāṭak) music and musical production in South India from the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. The Rules of Sociological Method (French: "Les Règles de la Méthode Sociologique" ) is a book by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1895.  It is recognized as being the direct result of Durkheim's own project of establishing sociology as a positivist social science.  Durkheim is seen as one of the fathers of sociology, and this work, his manifesto of sociology.  Durkheim distinguishes sociology from other sciences and justifies his rationale.  Sociology is the science of social facts.  Durkheim suggests two central theses, without which sociology would not be a science: Mathematical sociology is the area of sociology that uses mathematics to construct social theories.  Mathematical sociology aims to take sociological theory, which is strong in intuitive content but weak from a formal point of view, and to express it in formal terms.  The benefits of this approach include increased clarity and the ability to use mathematics to derive implications of a theory that cannot be arrived at intuitively.  In mathematical sociology, the preferred style is encapsulated in the phrase "constructing a mathematical model."  This means making specified assumptions about some social phenomenon, expressing them in formal mathematics, and providing an empirical interpretation for the ideas.  It also means deducing properties of the model and comparing these with relevant empirical data.  Social network analysis is the best-known contribution of this subfield to sociology as a whole and to the scientific community at large.  The models typically used in mathematical sociology allow sociologists to understand how predictable local interactions are and they are often able to elicit global patterns of social structure. The sociology of law (or legal sociology) is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies.  Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociology whilst others tend to consider it a field of research caught up between the disciplines of law and sociology.  Still others regard it neither as a sub-discipline of sociology nor as a branch of legal studies but as a field of research on its own right within the broader social science tradition.  Accordingly, it may be described without reference to mainstream sociology as "the systematic, theoretically grounded, empirical study of law as a set of social practices or as an aspect or field of social experience".  It has been seen as treating law and justice as fundamental institutions of the basic structure of society mediating "between political and economic interests, between culture and the normative order of society, establishing and maintaining interdependence, and constituting themselves as sources of consensus, coercion and social control". Philippe Desan is Howard L. Willett Professor of French and History of Culture at the University of Chicago.  Originally from France, Dr. Desan is among the top Montaigne scholars alive today.  He received his PhD from the University of California Davis (1984), and has published widely on several topics pertaining to the literature and culture of the French Renaissance, often in relation to their economic, political and sociological context.  At the University of Chicago, he has served as Master of the Humanities Collegiate Division and as Chair of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures.  He is the general editor of the Montaigne Studies.  He has been awarded numerous honors for his scholarly work, including being named Knight of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques (1994) and awarded the Ordre National du Mérite (2004) and the Ordre des Arts et Lettres (2011).  He has also received the Prix de l'Académie Française (for the Dictionnaire de Montaigne) in 2005, the Grand Prix de l'Académie Française for "le rayonnement de la langue et littérature française" in 2015 and the Prix de l'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques for his "Montaigne.  Une biographie politique" in 2015. Alfred Owen Aldridge (December 16, 1915 – January 29, 2005) was a professor of French and comparative literature, founder-editor of the journal "Comparative Literature Studies", and author of books on a wide range of literature studies. The sociology of literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture.  It studies the social production of literature and its social implications.  A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's 1992 "Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire", translated by Susan Emanuel as "Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field" (1996).
Answer: public intellectual