Question: What began in 1653 and was lead by the Lord protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland?
Context: Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Vice-admiral Richard Stayner (1625–1662) was an English naval officer who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.  During the First Anglo-Dutch War he commanded the "Foresight" in actions at Portland (February), and the Gabbard (June), and in the Battle of Scheveningen (29–31 July), 1653.  During the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60), he won renown and a fortune in prize money when he captured a great part of the Spanish West Indian treasure fleet off Cadiz in 1656.  He was knighted by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell for services in Admiral Robert Blake's destruction of Spanish ships at Santa Cruz, 1657.  He was a rear-admiral of the fleet which brought Charles II to England in 1660.  He was again knighted at the Restoration.  He died at Lisbon, while serving as vice-admiral of the Mediterranean fleet. A statue of Oliver Cromwell stands on Market Hill in St Ives, Cambridgeshire, England.  It is a sculpture of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.  The statue was designed by F. W. Pomeroy and erected in 1901.  The statue is one of four public statues of Cromwell in the United Kingdom and is Grade II listed for its architectural merit. Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector.  It was an assembly entirely nominated by Oliver Cromwell and the Army's Council of Officers.  It acquired its name from the nominee for the City of London, Praise-God Barebone.  The Speaker of the House was Francis Rous.  The total number of nominees was 140, 129 from England, five from Scotland and six from Ireland (see the list of MPs). Elizabeth Claypole ("née" Cromwell; 2 July 1629 – 6 August 1658) was the second daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife, Elizabeth Cromwell, and reportedly interceded with her father for royalist prisoners.  After Cromwell created a peerage for her husband, John Claypole, she was known as Lady Claypole.  She was buried in Westminster Abbey. A statue of Oliver Cromwell stands on Bridge Street in Warrington in Cheshire, England.  It is a sculpture of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.  The statue was designed by John Bell and erected in 1899.  The statue is one of four public statues of Cromwell in the United Kingdom and has been Grade II listed since September 1973 for its architectural merit. The Protectorate was the period during the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum) when England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland were governed by a Lord Protector.  The Protectorate began in 1653 when, following the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government.  In 1659 the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved by the Committee of Safety as Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father as Lord Protector, was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army.  This marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive. A statue of Oliver Cromwell stands outside the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in Westminster, London.  It is a sculpture of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.  The statue was designed by Hamo Thornycroft and erected in 1899.  It has divided opinion, both before its erection and since, due to Cromwell's opposition to the British monarchy and his role in the conquest of Ireland.  Cromwell stands accused by some of war crimes, religious persecution and ethnic cleansing on a dramatic scale against Catholics in Ireland. Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (née Stanhope) (c.1497 – 16 April 1587) was the second wife of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c.1500–1552), who held the office of Lord Protector during the first part of the reign of his nephew King Edward VI, through whom Anne was briefly the most powerful woman in England.  During her husband's time as Lord Protector she claimed precedence over the dowager queen Catherine. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Answer: The Protectorate