Question: The plaintiff in the civil suit Paul v. Clinton was born in which year ?
Context: Zubulake v. UBS Warburg is a case heard between 2003 and 2005 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.  Judge Shira Scheindlin, presiding over the case, issued a series of groundbreaking opinions in the field of electronic discovery.  Plaintiff Laura Zubulake filed suit against her former employer UBS, alleging gender discrimination, failure to promote, and retaliation.  Judge Shira Scheindlin's rulings comprise some of the most often cited in the area of electronic discovery, and were made prior to the 2006 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.  The relevant opinions in the field are known as Zubulake I, Zubulake III, Zubulake IV, and Zubulake V.  In 2012, the plaintiff published a book about her e-discovery experiences titled "Zubulake's e-Discovery: The Untold Story of my Quest for Justice." Spaids v. Cooley, 113 U.S. 278 (1885) , was regarding a lawsuit brought to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on December 13, 1876, by Chauncey D. Spaids against Dennis N. Cooley to recover 593.70, with interest from July 1, 1868.  The declaration contained the common money counts and nothing more.  There were two pleas, one denying indebtedness and the other averring that the alleged cause of action did not accrue within three years before the suit.  The plaintiff's reply joins issue on the first plea and as to the second plea avers that the defendant promised to pay the debt named in the declaration within three years next before the commencement of the suit.  At the trial, the jury found "the issue in favor of the defendant", and there was a judgment accordingly at special term.  The plaintiff appealed to the general term, which affirmed the judgment, and he brought the case here by a writ of error. Peter Franklin Paul (born September 2, 1948) is a former lawyer and entrepreneur who was convicted for conspiracy and drug dealing, and later for securities fraud in connection with his business dealings with "Spider-Man" co-creator Stan Lee.  He has repeatedly brought suit against Hillary Clinton, accusing her of lying about donations he solicited on behalf of her 2000 senatorial campaign. The People of the State of New York v. Strauss-Kahn was a criminal case relating to allegations of sexual assault and attempted rape made by a hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, against Dominique Strauss-Kahn at the Sofitel New York Hotel on 14 May 2011.  The charges were dismissed at the request of the prosecution which pointed out serious doubts in Diallo's credibility and inconclusive physical evidence.  In a television interview in September, Strauss-Kahn admitted that his liaison with Diallo was a moral fault and described it as "inappropriate" but that it did not involve violence, constraint or aggression.  He said that Diallo had lied and that he had no intention of negotiating with her over a civil suit she had filed against him.  The suit was later settled for an undisclosed amount, subsequently reported to have been $1.5 million. The Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini made two Busts of Pope Paul V.  The first is currently in the Galleria Borghese in Rome.  1618 is the commonly accepted date for the portrait of the pope.  In 2015, a second bust was acquired by the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.  It was created by Bernini 1621, shortly after the death of Paul V, and commissioned by his nephew, Cardinal Scipione Borghese.  A bronze version of this sculpture exists in the Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark. The Macedonia Baptist Church is a centuries-old historically black church located in rural Clarendon County, South Carolina.  It was destroyed by arsonists following direction from the local Ku Klux Klan chapter and later rebuilt.  Four klansmen were convicted for the crime, and a subsequent civil suit effectively closed the Klan chapter's operation in the county.  The successful civil suit was called a "wake-up call" indicating that racial violence would not be tolerated. Kesha v. Dr. Luke refers to what was a New York Supreme Court lawsuit in which music producer Lukasz Sebastian Gottwald sued singer Kesha Rose Sebert and her mother, Rosemary Patricia "Pebe" Sebert, for defamation and breach of contract.  This was a result of Kesha filing a civil suit against Dr. Luke in October 2014 for infliction of emotional distress, gender-based hate crimes and employment discrimination.  This New York lawsuit resulted in the staying of a California lawsuit where Kesha claimed Dr. Luke was guilty of sexual assault and battery, sexual harassment, gender violence, civil harassment, violation of California's unfair business laws, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligent infliction of emotional distress, and negligent retention and supervision.  In her New York counter-claim Kesha alleges that Dr. Luke "sexually, physically, verbally and emotionally" abused her since the beginning of their professional relationship.  The suit alleged he drugged and raped her on two occasions, made threats against Kesha and her family, and called her derogatory names. Paul v. Clinton was a civil suit filed in 2004 held in Los Angeles County Superior Court.  The plaintiff, Peter F. Paul, alleged that President Bill Clinton and his wife, First Lady Hillary Clinton, deceived him into paying for the Gala Hollywood Farewell Salute to President Clinton, during Hillary Clinton's first Senate race in 2000, by making a promise that the President would work for Paul's company, Stan Lee Media, after his presidential term was over.  Paul alleged that the President broke his promise and stole his business partner, causing his business to crumble and, further, that his contributions to Hillary Clinton's campaign were falsely reported to the Federal Election Commission.  Besides the Clintons, three other individuals who were involved in fundraising for the gala, were named as defendants in the suit. Dewhurst v. Coulthard, 3 U.S. 409 (1799) , was a United States Supreme Court case that initiated with a civil suit brought by Isaac Coulthard (owner of Coulthard's Brewery) against John Dewhurst which reached the Court by a convoluted process.  The Court refused to hear the case: "T]his court will not take cognizance of any suit, or controversy not brought before them by regular process of law." Winkelman v. Parma City School District, 550 U.S. 516 (2007) , is a civil suit under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.  Justice Kennedy held for the seven-justice majority that parents may file suit under IDEA pro se.  Justice Kennedy declined to reach the question whether parents may represent the interests of their children pro se, instead concluding that IDEA created a set of independently enforceable rights in parents.
Answer: 1948