Question: What geologist opped the transmutation of species theory and was born in November 1797?
Context: Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.  Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories.  It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma of molecular biology.  Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work.  It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work—in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins. Transmutation of species and transformism are terms often used to describe 19th-century evolutionary ideas for the altering of one species into another that preceded Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.  The French "Transformisme" was a term used by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 for his theory, and other 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers who anonymously published the book "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation".  Opposition in the scientific community to these early theories of evolution, led by influential scientists like the anatomists Georges Cuvier and Richard Owen and the geologist Charles Lyell, was intense.  The debate over them was an important stage in the history of evolutionary thought and would influence the subsequent reaction to Darwin's theory. Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity - in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.  With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history.  Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature.  In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution. William Brown, DD (b Grantham 23 October 1710 - d Horbling 17 November 1797) was Archdeacon of Northampton from 1764 until 1797. In combinatorial mathematics, the theory of combinatorial species is an abstract, systematic method for analysing discrete structures in terms of generating functions. Examples of discrete structures are (finite) graphs, permutations, trees, and so on; each of these has an associated generating function which counts how many structures there are of a certain size.  One goal of species theory is to be able to analyse complicated structures by describing them in terms of transformations and combinations of simpler structures.  These operations correspond to equivalent manipulations of generating functions, so producing such functions for complicated structures is much easier than with other methods.  The theory was introduced by André Joyal. The Anti-Jacobin, or, Weekly Examiner was an English newspaper founded by George Canning in 1797 and devoted to opposing the radicalism of the French Revolution.  The Revolution polarized British political opinion in the 1790s, with conservatives outraged at the killing of the king Louis XVI of France, the expulsion of the nobles, and the Reign of Terror.  Great Britain went to war against Revolutionary France.  Conservatives castigated every radical opinion in Great Britain as "Jacobin" (in reference to the leaders of the Terror), warning that radicalism threatened an upheaval of British society.  The Anti-Jacobin sentiment was expressed in print.  William Gifford was its editor.  Its first issue was published on 20 November 1797 and during the parliamentary session of 1797–98 it was issued every Monday. Baltazar Mathias Keilhau (2 November 1797 – 1 January 1858) was a Norwegian geologist and mountain pioneer.  He is regarded as the founder of the discipline of geology in Norway, and has also been credited for the discovery of the Jotunheimen mountain range. Francis Kenelm Bouverie (1797-1837) was the third son Edward Bouverie (junior) of Delapre Abbey, Hardingstone, Northamptonshire and Catherine daughter and heir of William Castle.  He was born on 19 November 1797, matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford in 1816.  As a result of the later deaths of his two elder brothers, Everard and Charles, without issue, the Bouverie inheritance passed through his line. False Impressions is a 1797 melodramatic comedy play by the British playwright Richard Cumberland.  It was first staged at the Covent Garden Theatre in November 1797.  Much of the plot resembles Cumberland's 1795 novel "Henry".  Algernon has to pretend to be a servant to restore his good name. Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who popularised the revolutionary work of James Hutton.  He is best known as the author of "Principles of Geology", which presented uniformitarianism–the idea that the Earth was shaped by the same scientific processes still in operation today–to the broad general public.  "Principles of Geology" also challenged theories popularised by Georges Cuvier, which were the most accepted and circulated ideas about geology in Europe at the time.
Answer: Charles Lyell