Question: What was the russian empire under during the Polish–Russian War of 1792?
Context: The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.  The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.  The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 (see the Grodno Sejm) in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition. The Battle of Zieleńce was a battle in the Polish–Russian War of 1792, in defence of the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791.  The battle took place on 18 June 1792, between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Army of Józef Poniatowski and an Imperial Russian Army group under the command of General Irakly Morkov, which was a part of General Mikhail Krechetnikov's Russian forces invading the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the south.  The battle ended in Polish victory, as the Russian assault was repulsed, although the Poles soon withdrew from the battlefield. The Battle of Boruszkowce was a battle in the Polish–Russian War of 1792.  The battle took place on 14 June 1792, between a detachment of a Polish army of Michał Wielhorski and a Russian army group under the command of Michail Kachovski. Russian War Relief (also known as the Russian War Relief Fund, and The American Committee for Russian War Relief) was the largest American agency for foreign war relief.  It had the "express and exclusive purpose of giving succor to the Russian people at a time of crisis".  The chairman of Russian War Relief was Edward C. Carter, chairman of the National Committee for Medical Aid to the Soviet Union, a member of the Executive Committee of the American Russian Institute and secretary general of the Institute of Pacific Relations.  From 1942, the fund was headed by Allen Wardwell. The Battle of Dubienka occurred during the Polish–Russian War of 1792 (War of the Second Partition of Poland) where on July 18, 1792, the Polish army under the command of General Tadeusz Kościuszko defended the Bug River crossing against the Russian army under General Michail Kachovski.  Although the Russians had a numerical advantage of 5:1 over the Polish defenders, their attacks were stymied by field fortifications raised by the Poles, leading to a Polish tactical victory.  Subsequent Russian flanking forced the Poles to retreat to avoid being encircled.  After the Polish-Lithuanian forces left their forward positions, the Russian army occupied the area. The Warsaw-Vienna Railway (Polish: "Kolej Warszawsko-Wiedeńska" , German: "Warschau-Wiener Eisenbahn" ) was a railway system which operated in Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire, from 1845 until 1912, when it was nationalized by the Russian government.  The main component of its network was a line 327.6 km in length from Warsaw to the Granica (English: "Border") station (today Maczki, located in a suburb of Sosnowiec) on the border with the Austrian Empire, from 1867 known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  There the line reached the Austrian railway network, offering connections i.a. to Vienna (hence the name of the line).  It was the first railway line built in Congress Poland and the second in the Russian Empire, after a short stretch of 27 km between Tsarskoye Selo and Saint Petersburg (Saint Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo Railway) which opened in 1837.  The line used the standard European gauge ( ), as opposed to all other railways in the Russian Empire which used the broad gauge ( ), hence it formed a system physically separated from other Russian railways. The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire.  The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress Poland's military academy revolted, led by lieutenant Piotr Wysocki.  They were soon joined by large segments of societies of Lithuania, Belarus, and the Right-bank Ukraine.  Despite local successes, the uprising was eventually crushed by a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich.  Tsar Nicholas I decreed that henceforth Poland was an integral part of Russia, with Warsaw little more than a military garrison, its university closed. Nikolay Dmitrievich Arsenyev (Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Арсе́ньев , b. circa.  1739 – d. 1796) was a major-general of the Russian Empire, who served during the reign of Catherine the Great (r. 1762–1796).  He fought at the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-74, the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-92, the Polish–Russian War of 1792 as well as the Kościuszko Uprising. The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution (Polish: "wojna w obronie Konstytucji 3 maja" )) was fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other. Józef Judycki (died 1797) was a Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth noble.  Marshal of the Lithuanian Tribunal in 1777, Lithuanian Great Guard ("strażnik wielki litewski") from 1776, Lithuanian Great Quartermaster ("oboźny wielki litewski") from 1774.  Commander of Lithuanian army during the Polish–Russian War of 1792.  Defeated at the Battle of Mir in June 1792, he gained a reputation as a poor commander and was relieved soon afterwards.
Answer: Catherine the Great