Question: The amount owed by the federal government of the United States is part of the macroeconomics of a debt ceiling that was created when?
Context: The 2013 United States debt-ceiling crisis centered on the raising of the federal government debt ceiling, and is part of an ongoing political debate in the United States Congress about federal government spending and the national debt.  The crisis began in January 2013, when the United States reached the debt ceiling of $16.394 trillion that had been enacted following the debt ceiling crisis of 2011. In the United States, Public Debt Acts are Acts of Congress which set the debt ceiling on the National debt of the United States. The history of United States debt ceiling deals with movements in the United States debt ceiling since it was created in 1917.  Management of the United States public debt is an important part of the macroeconomics of the United States economy and finance system, and the debt ceiling is a limitation on the federal government's ability to manage the economy and finance system.  The debt ceiling is also a limitation on the federal government's ability to finance government operations, and the failure of Congress to authorise an increase in the debt ceiling has resulted in crises, especially in recent years.  The debt ceiling has been suspended since October 30, 2015. The Australian government debt is the amount owed by the Australian federal government.  The Australian Office of Financial Management, which is part of the Treasury Portfolio, is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government.  Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the Loan Council, unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing.  Government debt and borrowings (and repayments) have national macroeconomic implications, and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy, enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets, with flow on effects on the wider economy. The Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act ( ) is a bill that would suspend the United States debt ceiling until March 15, 2015.  There would be no statutory limit on the amount of money the government is allowed to borrow between now and then.  The current cap on borrowing is $17.2 trillion. The United States debt ceiling or debt limit is a legislative limit on the amount of national debt that can be issued by the US Treasury, thus limiting how much money the federal government may borrow.  The debt ceiling is an aggregate figure which applies to the gross debt, which includes debt in the hands of the public and in intra-government accounts.  (About 0.5% of debt is not covered by the ceiling.)  Because expenditures are authorized by separate legislation, the debt ceiling does not directly limit government deficits.  In effect, it can only restrain the Treasury from paying for expenditures and other financial obligations after the limit has been reached, but which have already been approved (in the budget) and appropriated. The proposed Cut, Cap and Balance Act of 2011 (or HR 2560) was a bill put forward in the 112th United States Congress by Republicans during the 2011 U.S. debt ceiling crisis.  The provisions of the bill included a cut in the total amount of federal government spending, a cap on the level of future spending as a percentage of GDP, and, on the condition that Congress pass certain changes to the U.S. Constitution, an increase in the national debt ceiling to allow the federal government to continue to service its debts. The national debt of the United States is the amount owed by the federal government of the United States.  The measure of the public debt is the value of the outstanding Treasury securities at a point of time that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies.  The terms national deficit and national surplus usually refer to the federal government budget balance from year to year, not the cumulative total.  A deficit year increases the debt because more money is spent than is received; a surplus year decreases the debt because more money is received than spent. A debt limit is a legislative mechanism restricting the total amount that a country can borrow or how much debt it can be permitted to take on.  Usually this is measured as percentage of GDP.  A handful of countries have debt limitation laws in place.  Among the more famous cases is the United States debt ceiling but there are several other countries that have debt limits. The Canadian government debt, commonly called the "public debt" or the "national debt", is the amount of money owed by the Government of Canada to holders of Canadian Treasury security.  In 2013, this number stood at CAD$1.2 trillion across federal and provincial governments.  With the total GDP somewhere around CAD$1.8 trillion, Canada's overall debt/GDP ratio is around 66%.  "Gross debt" is the national debt plus intragovernmental debt obligations or debt held by trust funds.  Types of securities sold by the government include treasury bills, notes, bonds, Real Return Bonds, Canada Savings Bonds, and provincial government securities.
Answer: 1917