Question: What senior United States Army officer, born in September 1860, used United States Army Indian Scouts in 1916 on his expedition to Mexico?
Context: General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was a senior United States Army officer.  His most famous post was when he served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front in World War I, 1917–18. Black Seminole Scouts, also known as the Seminole Negro - Indian Scouts, or Seminole Scouts, were employed by the United States Army between 1870 and 1914.  Despite the name, the unit included both Black Seminoles and some native Seminoles.  However, because most of the Seminole scouts were of African descent, they were often attached to the Buffalo Soldier regiments, to guide the troops through hostile territory.  The majority of their service was in the 1870s, in which they played a significant role in ending the Texas-Indian Wars. General Lucian King Truscott Jr. (January 9, 1895 – September 12, 1965) was a highly decorated senior United States Army officer, who saw distinguished active service during World War II.  Between 1943–45, he successively commanded the 3rd Infantry Division, VI Corps, and, Third United States Army. He was, along with Alexander Patch and James Van Fleet, among the few U.S. Army officers to command a division, a corps, and a field army on active service during the war. General Charles Lawrence Bolte (May 8, 1895 – February 11, 1989) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II.  In World War II he distinguished himself as commander of the 34th Infantry Division during the Italian Campaign, for which he was twice awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.  Later promoted to four-star general officer rank, his final post was Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army. Lieutenant General Charles Wilson Bagnal (April 15, 1934 – June 30, 2015) was a United States Army officer.  He was commander of the United States Army Western Command (later United States Army Pacific), from 1985 to 1989.  Previously he was Deputy Commanding General for Training of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), Deputy Superintendent at the United States Military Academy (from 1977 to 1980), Commander of the 101st Airborne Division (1981-1983), Commander of the Officer Personnel Management Directorate for the United States Army Military Personnel Center, and Special Assistant to the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel.  He is an alumnus of the United States Military Academy, United States Army Command & General Staff College, Georgia Tech, the United States Army War College and McLenaghan High School in Florence, South Carolina (class of 1952).  He retired August 31, 1989, and later obtained his juris doctor from the University of South Carolina and practiced law.  He resided in Columbia with his wife Patsy.  Bagnal died on June 30, 2015 after a battle with leukemia. Native Americans have made up an integral part of U.S. military conflicts since America's beginning.  Colonists recruited Indian allies during such instances as the Pequot War from 1634–1638, the Revolutionary War, as well as in War of 1812.  Native Americans also fought on both sides during the American Civil War, as well as military missions abroad including the most notable, the Codetalkers who served in World War II.  The Scouts were active in the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Including those who accompanied General John J. Pershing in 1916 on his expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa.  Indian Scouts were officially deactivated in 1947 when their last member retired from the Army at Fort Huachuca, Arizona.  For many Indians it was an important form of interaction with white American culture and their first major encounter with the whites’ way of thinking and doing things. Blue Horse (Oglala Lakota: (Šúŋkawakȟáŋ Tȟó in Standard Lakota Orthography) (1822July 16, 1908) was a leader of the Wágluȟe Band of Oglala Lakota, warrior, statesman and educator.  Blue Horse is notable in American history as one of the first Oglala Lakota United States Army Indian Scouts and signatory of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. The Apache Scouts were part of the United States Army Indian Scouts, most of their service was during the Apache Wars up to 1886 though the last scout retired in 1947.  The Apache scouts were the eyes and ears of the United States military and sometimes the cultural translators for the various Apache bands and the Americans.  Apache scouts also served in the Navajo War, the Tonto War, the Mexican Border War and they saw stateside duty during World War II.  There has been a great deal written about Apache scouts, both as part of United States Army reports from the field and more colorful accounts written after the events by non-Apaches in newspapers and books.  Men such as Al Sieber and Tom Horn were sometimes in charge of small groups of Apaches.  As was the custom in the United States military, scouts were enlisted with Anglo nicknames or single names.  Many Apache scouts received citations for bravery. The Navajo Scouts were part of the United States Army Indian Scouts between 1873 and 1895.  Generally, the scouts were signed up at Fort Wingate for six month enlistments.  In the period 1873 to 1885, there were usually ten to twenty-five scouts attached to units.  United States Army records indicated that in the Geronimo Campaign of 1886, there were about 150 Navajo scouts, divided into three companies, who were part of the 5,000 man force General Nelson A. Miles put in the field.  In 1891 they were enlisted for three years.  The Navajos employed as scouts were merged into regular units of the army in 1895.  At least one person served almost continuously for over twenty-five years. Field Marshal Robert Cornelius Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala (6 December 1810 – 14 January 1890) was an Indian Army officer.  He fought in the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Second Anglo-Sikh War before seeing action as chief engineer during the second relief of Lucknow in March 1858 during the Indian Mutiny.  He also served in the Second Opium War as commander of the 2nd division of the expeditionary force which took part in the Battle of Taku Forts in August 1860, the entry to Peking in September 1860 and the destruction of the Old Summer Palace in October 1860.  He subsequently led the punitive expedition to Abyssinia July 1867, defeating the Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia with minimal loss of life among his own forces and rescuing the hostages of Tewodros.
Answer: John J. Pershing