Question: The Battle of the Alps was the first major engagement by a state which abandoned its monarchy in what year?
Context: The Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, also known as the Battle of Mechanicsville or Ellerson's Mill, took place on June 26, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as the first major engagement of the Seven Days Battles during the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.  It was the start of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's counter-offensive against the Union Army of the Potomac, under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, which threatened the Confederate capital of Richmond.  Lee attempted to turn the Union right flank, north of the Chickahominy River, with troops under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, but Jackson failed to arrive on time.  Instead, Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill threw his division, reinforced by one of Maj. Gen. D.H. Hill's brigades, into a series of futile assaults against Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter's V Corps, which occupied defensive works behind Beaver Dam Creek.  Confederate attacks were driven back with heavy casualties.  Porter withdrew his corps safely to Gaines Mill. The Battle of Phillora was one of the largest tank battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.  It was the first major engagement between the two nations in the Sialkot sector and coincided with the Battle of Asal Uttar . The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: "Regno d'Italia" ) was a state which existed from 1861, when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic.  The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state. The Battle of Concepción was fought on October 28, 1835, between Mexican troops under Colonel Domingo Ugartechea and Texian insurgents led by James Bowie and James Fannin.  The 30-minute engagement, which historian J. R. Edmondson describes as "the first major engagement of the Texas Revolution", occurred on the grounds of Mission Concepción, 2 mi south of what is now Downtown San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2/28th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army, which served during the Second World War.  Formed in mid-1940 from Western Australian volunteers, the battalion served in North Africa in 1941–42 as part of the 24th Brigade, which was assigned to the 9th Division.  The battalion's first major engagement came during the Siege of Tobruk, where the battalion carried out defensive duties as part of the garrison for over six months before being withdrawn by sea.  After undertaking occupation duties in Syria and Lebanon, the 2/28th took part in the First Battle of El Alamein in mid-1942 during which it was heavily depleted, and had to be rebuilt prior to its commitment to the Second Battle of El Alamein later in the year.  In early 1943, the battalion returned to Australia and later took part in campaigns against the Japanese in New Guinea in 1943–44, where it was committed to capturing Lae, and then clearing the Huon Peninsula, and then retaking Borneo in 1945.  After the war, the battalion was disbanded in early 1946. The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War.  The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under "Contraalmirante" (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo.  The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War.  The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history. The Italian invasion of France, also called the Battle of the Alps (10–25 June 1940), was the first major Italian engagement of World War II and the last major engagement of the Battle of France. The Battle of Monte Pelado ("Bald Mountain") was an engagement of the Spanish Civil War fought on 28 August 1936.  It was notable as the first major engagement of the Italian Republican volunteers of the Matteotti Battalion. The Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487 may be considered the last battle of the Wars of the Roses, since it was the last major engagement between contenders for the throne whose claims derived from descent from the houses of Lancaster and York respectively.  The Battle of Bosworth Field, two years previously, had established King Henry VII on the throne, ending the last period of Yorkist rule and initiating that of the Tudors.  The Battle of Stoke Field was the decisive engagement in an attempt by leading Yorkists to unseat him in favour of the pretender Lambert Simnel. Custer developed a strong reputation during the Civil War.  He participated in the first major engagement, the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, near Washington, D.C. His association with several important officers helped his career as did his success as a highly effective cavalry commander.  Custer was brevetted to brigadier general at age 23, less than a week before the Battle of Gettysburg, where he personally led cavalry charges that prevented Confederate cavalry from attacking the Union rear in support of Pickett's Charge.  He was wounded in the Battle of Culpeper Court House in Virginia on September 13, 1863.  In 1864, Custer was awarded another star and brevetted to major general rank.  At the conclusion of the Appomattox Campaign, in which he and his troops played a decisive role, Custer was present at General Robert E. Lee's surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant, on April 9, 1865.
Answer: 1946