Question: Pre-Madonna was a collection of demos by the singer who was a leading presence during the emergence of what network?
Context: Demos Helsinki is a Nordic non-profit research and development organisation, an independent think tank.  Demos Helsinki does futures studies, creates strategies and conducts open innovation with companies, cities, governments and communities.  The think tank employs partners in Sweden and Finland and an international network of experts, academics, entrepreneurs and civic groups.  Demos Helsinki has offices in Finland and Sweden Steve Hardy is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera "General Hospital".  Former Major League Baseball infielder John Beradino originated the role of Steve Hardy on the show's April 1, 1963, premiere, portraying the character for 33 years until taken ill and last appearing on April 23, 1996.  A leading presence on the series in over 4,300 episodes, Beradino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1993, the same year "GH" celebrated its 30th anniversary.  Jason Thompson portrayed the character in a flashback episode for the show's 52nd anniversary. "I Luv You HB" Demos are a collection of demos from I Love You, Honeybear.  The cassette-only release features different track names than the final release and also a cover of a Cass McCombs track exclusively to "I Luv You HB" Demos.  The EP was given away free with the pre-orders of the Sub Pop CD and LP edition while supplies lasted as well as with some of the Bella Union CD and LP releases for the UK and Ireland. Seven West Media Limited is an ASX-listed media company and is Australia's largest diversified media business, formed by the acquisition by West Australian Newspapers Holdings Limited (WAN) of the Seven Media Group.  It has a leading presence in broadcast television, radio, newspaper publishing, magazine publishing and online.  Seven Group Holdings Ltd (SGH), a company controlled by Australian Capital Equity, is Seven West Media's largest shareholder with 33.2% of Seven West Media shares and $250m Seven West Media convertible preference shares (CPS). Evolution of a random network is a dynamical process, usually leading to emergence of giant component accompanied with striking consequences on the network topology.  To quantify this process, there is a need of inspection on how the size of the largest connected cluster within the network, formula_1, varies with formula_2.  Networks change their topology as they evolve, undergoing phase transitions.  Phase transitions are generally known from physics, where it occurs as matter changes state according to its thermal energy level, or when ferromagnetic properties emerge in some materials as they are cooling down.  Such phase transitions take place in matter because it is a network of particles, and as such, rules of network phase transition directly apply to it.  Phase transitions in networks happen as links are added to a network, meaning that having N nodes, in each time increment, a link is placed between a randomly chosen pair of them.  The transformation from a set of disconnected nodes to a fully connected network is called the evolution of a network. Retrospective is a 2-disc compilation of Red House Painters' songs from the band's 4AD era.  The compilation was released in July 1999.  Disc one is a collection of definitive Red House Painters tracks culled from their debut album "Down Colorful Hill" through 1995's "Ocean Beach", as picked by 4AD label owner Ivo Watts-Russell.  Disc two, subtitled "Demos, Outtakes, Live (1989-1995)", is a collection of unreleased demos and live recordings from their 4AD years.  The essay inside the booklet was written by Rob O'Condor in April 1999.  A working title for this collection was "Red Perspective". Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.  A leading presence during the emergence of MTV in the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.  She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.  Besides sparking controversy, her works have been acclaimed by music critics.  Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", Madonna is widely cited as an influence by other artists. Taeko Kōno (河野 多惠子 , Kōno Taeko , February 24, 1926 – January 29, 2015) is one of the most important Japanese women writers of the second half of the twentieth century, someone whose influence on contemporary Japanese women writers is acknowledged to be immeasurable.  Kōno is one of a generation of remarkable women writers who made an appearance in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s and who include Kurahashi Yumiko, Mori Mari, Setouchi Harumi, and Takahashi Takako (Japanese name order).  She also established a reputation for herself as an acerbic essayist, a playwright and a literary critic.  By the end of her life she was a leading presence in Japan's literary establishment, one of the first women writers to serve on the Akutagawa Literary Prize committee.  Oe Kenzaburo, Japan's Nobel Laureate, described her as the most "lucidly intelligent" woman writers writing in Japan, and the US critic and academic Masao Miyoshi identified her as among the most "critically alert and historically intelligent."  US critic and academic Davinder Bhowmik assesses her as “…one of the truly original voices of the twentieth century, beyond questions of gender or even nationality.”  A writer who deals with some quite dark themes, Kōno is known to readers in English through the collection of short stories "Toddler-Hunting and Other Stories" (New Directions, 1996), which draws together her best writing from the 1960s. Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (e.g. "Bacteroides fragilis").  Like other anaerobes, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth.  This growth benefit requires the expression of an oxygen respiratory chain that is typically associated with microaerophilic respiration.  Recent studies suggest that respiration in low concentrations of oxygen is an ancient process which predates the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis. Pre-Madonna is a collection of demos by American singer Madonna.  The album was released in 1997 by Stephen Bray, who was the producer of the songs when they were recorded, and was distributed by Soultone.  It was released as In the Beginning in European countries.  Madonna met up with Bray, her former boyfriend, in 1980 when she was trying to establish her music career.  She had left the band Breakfast Club and enlisted Bray's help to further her career.  Together they started writing songs and recorded them at New York's Music Building studio.  The songs recorded at that time—seven of which were written solely by Madonna—were released in "Pre-Madonna".
Answer: MTV