Question: When was the collective, that released the album Perdition City, founded ?
Context: Panda Bear is the self-titled debut solo album by the Baltimore musician Noah Lennox who later became a founding member of Animal Collective.  The album was the first use of the Panda Bear moniker which he later continued to use while performing with group.  It was released on June 1, 1999 shortly before his 21st birthday on the label Soccer Star Records.  The label was formed by himself and fellow future Animal Collective member and childhood friend Deakin (Joshua Dibb) and was initially founded only to release this album.  However the label eventually morphed into Animal and then the existing label Paw Tracks.  This album marks the very first Animal Collective related release, apart from the EP, "Paddington Band", which was a recording by the Animal Collective precursor, Automine which featured all other members of the future group except for Lennox himself. Perdition City (subtitled Music to an Interior Film) is the fifth studio album by Norwegian collective Ulver, issued in March 2000, via Jester Records.  The album was recorded and edited by Kristoffer Rygg and Tore Ylwizaker, mixed by Ylwizaker at Beep Jam Studio and mastered by Audun Strype at Strype Audio. The style is more experimental/atmospheric and less beat-oriented; rather mood pieces that revolve around the "Perdition City" theme.  Due to the experimental nature of the music, both "Silence" EP’s were limited to two thousand, and three thousand copies.  However, both "Silence Teaches You How to Sing" and "Silencing the Singing" EP’s were re-released as one disc, issued through American independent label Black Apple Records, under the title "Teachings in Silence", in November 2002. Silence Teaches You How to Sing is an EP by Norwegian experimental collective Ulver.  Recorded and mixed in February 2001, the EP was issued by Jester Records in September 2001, limited to 2000 copies.  Loosely recorded during the sessions for the "Perdition City", together with "Silencing the Singing", the EP is a subtle counterpart to the more dramatic full-length, issued in March 2000. The combined discography of Tunnel Rats, a West Coast underground Christian hip hop collective founded in 1993 in Whittier, California, three studio albums, a collaborative compilation album, several compilation appearances, one guest appearance, one music video, and a collection of unfinished material.  Named after the tunnel rats in the Vietnam war, the mixed-gender, multi-racial collective comprises eighteen individual members and has incorporated six affiliated groups, LPG, Future Shock, Footsoldiers, Foundation, New Breed, and The Resistance, which have recorded both within Tunnel Rats and independently.  The collective has released three albums under the Tunnel Rats name, "Experience", in 1996, "Tunnel Vision", in 2001, and "Tunnel Rats", in 2004.  In 2006, several Tunnel Rats, working as Footsoldiers and production team Resistance, collaborated with KRS-One on his album "Life", and released a mixtape and a studio album, "Live This".  Though currently on hiatus, Tunnel Rats has not disbanded, according to a statement by member Peace 586. Tunnel Rats is a West Coast underground hip hop collective founded in 1993 in Whittier, California.  Named after the tunnel rats in the Vietnam war, the mixed-gender, multi-racial collective consists of some seventeen individual members and incorporates four affiliated groups, LPG, Future Shock, Foundation, and New Breed, which have recorded both within Tunnel Rats and independently.  Several members also formed two additional side-projects, Footsoldiers and The Resistance, which recorded one album in 2006 and collaborated with KRS-One.  Pioneers in the Christian hip hop genre, Tunnel Rats often met with resistance from church leaders who disliked the collective's aggressive style and felt that Tunnel Rats praised their rapping skills more than glorifying God.  In the early 2000s, the East Coast group The Cross Movement likewise criticized Tunnel Rats, claiming it did not place enough emphasis on the Gospel.  Due to a high number of Mexicans in the collective, Tunnel Rats also encountered racism when performing in the South.  Despite these hardships, Tunnel Rats managed to garner critical acclaim and significantly impacted the Christian hip hop movement.  The collective has released four albums, plus numerous additional recordings from its affiliated groups and individual members.  Though currently on hiatus, Tunnel Rats has not disbanded, according to a statement by member Peace 586. Metamorphosis is the first EP by Norwegian experimental collective Ulver.  Written and produced by Rygg and Ylwizaker, the EP was issued on September 27, 1999 via Jester Records.  The EP showcased Ulver's new electronic sound, thus, acting as a musical trailer for "Perdition City". The Collective is the self-titled debut mini album by Australian boy band The Collective, released on 14 December 2012 by Sony Music Australia.  After finishing third in the fourth season of "The X Factor" in 2012, The Collective began recording the album in Melbourne.  The album contains their debut single "Surrender", recorded versions of six songs they performed on "The X Factor", and a cover of Wham! 's "Last Christmas".  "The Collective" was preceded by the lead single "Surrender", which peaked at number six on the ARIA Singles Chart.  Upon release, the album debuted at number 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 35,000 copies. Ulver (Norwegian for wolves) are a Norwegian experimental musical collective founded in 1993, by vocalist Kristoffer Rygg.  Their early works, such as debut album "Bergtatt", were categorised as folklore-influenced black metal, but have since evolved a fluid and increasingly eclectic musical style, blending genres such as rock, electronica, symphonic and chamber traditions, noise, progressive and experimental music into their oeuvre.  1997 marked their international debut with the release of their third album "Nattens madrigal" through German label Century Media.  However, following discord with the label, Kristoffer Rygg formed his own imprint Jester Records in 1998.  British composer and multi-instrumentalist Daniel O'Sullivan joined the collective in 2009, and the band performed some of their first live concerts in their 15-year lifespan, including the prestigious Norwegian National Opera. Bankroll Mafia is an American hip hop collective from Atlanta, Georgia.  The collective manifested in 2015, after southern rappers T.I.P., Young Thug and Shad da God began frequently and closely working together.  Other Atlanta-based rappers also joined the collective, including Peewee Roscoe, Lil Duke and London Jae.  In an interview with "Billboard", T.I.P. described the group's dynamic as "a collective that includes a lot of personal and professional constituents throughout the industry, in and out of our elements."  The collective released their self-titled debut album in April 2016.
Answer: 1993