Question: Which was a civil rights judgment, Garner v. Louisiana or Canterbury v. Spence?
Context: Canterbury v. Spence (464 F.2d.  772, 782 D.C. Cir.  1972) was a landmark federal case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit that significantly reshaped malpractice law in the United States.  It established the idea of "informed consent" to medical procedures. Septima Poinsette Clark (May 3, 1898 – December 15, 1987) was an American educator and civil rights activist.  Clark developed the literacy and citizenship workshops that played an important role in the drive for voting rights and civil rights for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement.  Septima Clark's work was commonly under appreciated by Southern male activists.  She became known as the "Queen mother" or "Grandmother" of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.  Martin Luther King, Jr. commonly referred to Clark as "The Mother of the Movement".  Clark's argument for her position in the Civil Rights Movement was one that claimed "knowledge could empower marginalized groups in ways that formal legal equality couldn't." Garner v. Louisiana, 368 U.S. 157 (1961), was a pivotal civil rights case argued by Thurgood Marshall before the Supreme Court.  On December 11, 1961, the court unanimously ruled that Louisiana could not convict peaceful sit-in protesters who refused to leave dining establishments under the state's "disturbing the peace" laws. Long Civil Rights Movement is an argument advanced by American historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall.  It was proposed in the article "The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past" within "The Journal of American History" in 2005.  Dowd had used the term in an earlier article titled, "Broadening Our View of the Civil Rights Movement" within the journal "The Chronicle of Higher Education" in 2001.  Since 2005, the long civil rights movement argument has attracted substantial attention from scholars and academics that study the Civil Rights Movement. Henry Washington Sawyer III (December 23, 1918 – July 31, 1999) was an American lawyer, civil rights activist, and Democratic politician.  Born in Philadelphia, he served in World War II and attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School.  Sawyer worked as a corporate lawyer but is best known for his advocacy of civil liberties, especially in First Amendment cases.  In "Abington School District v. Schempp" and "Lemon v. Kurtzman", he successfully argued cases before the Supreme Court of the United States that became the basis for all modern Establishment Clause jurisprudence.  He pursued civil rights causes in Philadelphia and in the South during the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.  He also served a four-year term on Philadelphia City Council, where he worked for civil service reform and to increase the amount of public art in the city. Garner v. Teamsters Local 776, 346 US 485 (1953) is a US labor law case, concerning the scope of federal preemption against state law for labor rights. Joseph Davis DeBlieux, known as J.D. DeBlieux (September 12, 1912 – March 13, 2005), was a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate who represented East Baton Rouge Parish from 1956 to 1960 and again from 1964 to 1976.  DeBlieux (pronounced "W") is remembered as a crusader for civil rights in Louisiana politics during the latter years of the era of segregation.  During the New Orleans school desegregation crisis of 1959–1960, DeBlieux chaired the Louisiana State Advisory Committee to the newly established United States Civil Rights Commission.  He argued for "equal rights for all", not for racial integration per se, as the American South slowly complied with the United States Supreme Court's 1954 decision, "Brown v. Board of Education". Alec Karakatsanis (born November 7, 1983) is an American civil rights lawyer, social justice advocate, co-founder of Equal Justice Under Law, and founder and Executive Director of Civil Rights Corps, a Washington D.C. impact litigation nonprofit.  Karaktsanis' recent work has targeted the American monetary bail system.  Using the novel legal strategy of suing jurisdictions under the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution's 14th Amendment, Civil Rights Corps won a series of landmark civil rights lawsuits which ended money bail systems in Mississippi, Missouri, Alabama, Kansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Georgia, and other jurisdictions.  Karakatsanis' long-term goals are ending American mass incarceration, drug crimes, surveillance, the death penalty, immigration laws, war, and inequality.  His hobbies include painting, soccer, and playing the piano. Commissioner v. Banks, 543 U.S. 426 (2005), together with Commissioner v. Banaitis, was a case decided before the Supreme Court of the United States, dealing with the issue of whether the portion of a money judgment or settlement paid to a taxpayer's attorney under a contingent-fee agreement is income to the taxpayer for federal income tax purposes.  The Supreme Court held when a taxpayer's recovery constitutes income, the taxpayer's income includes the portion of the recovery paid to the attorney as a contingent fee.  Employment cases are an exception to this Supreme Court ruling because of the Civil Rights Tax Relief in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.  The Civil Rights Tax Relief amended Internal Revenue Service § 62(a) to permit taxpayers to subtract attorney’s fees from gross income in arriving at adjusted gross income. Margo Jane Schlanger (born 1967) is a Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School, and the founder and director of the Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse.  From 2010-2012, while on leave from her professorial position, she served as the presidentially-appointed Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the United States Department of Homeland Security.  As the top civil rights official at the Department of Homeland Security, Schlanger led the office that advises Department leadership about civil rights and civil liberties issues, engages with communities whose civil rights and civil liberties may be affected by Department activities, investigates and resolves civil rights complaints, and leads the Departments equal employment opportunity program.  Schlanger's major initiatives as Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Officer included: creating and managing a structure for overseeing the Department's controversial Secure Communities program to ensure that it did not serve as a conduit for unconstitutional practices by local law enforcement agencies in jurisdictions covered by the program; publishing guidance for agencies that receive DHS funding on providing meaningful access to people with limited English proficiency; working with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement on the reform of detention practices; and improving the Department's civil rights complaint process.
Answer: Garner v. Louisiana