Question: Dynamic or Electric Armour is a type of armour used for the protection of ships from shaped charge weapons and has been proposed as an upgrade to the Gerald R. Ford class which introduces what new thechology?
Context: An aircraft catapult is a device used to launch aircraft from ships, most commonly used on aircraft carriers, as a form of assisted take off.  It consists of a track built into the flight deck, below which is a large piston or shuttle that is attached through the track to the nose gear of the aircraft, or in some cases a wire rope, called a catapult bridle, is attached to the aircraft and the catapult shuttle.  Different means have been used to propel the catapult, such as weight and derrick, gunpowder, flywheel, air pressure, hydraulic, and steam power.  The U.S. Navy is developing the use of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch Systems with the construction of the Gerald R. Ford class aircraft carrier.  Catapulted aircraft land like conventional aircraft, sometimes with the help of arresting gear. Compound armour was a type of armour used on warships in the 1880s, developed in response to the emergence of armor-piercing shells and the continual need for reliable protection with the increasing size in naval ordnance.  Compound armour was a non-alloyed attempt to combine the benefits of two different metals—the hardness of steel with the toughness of iron—that would stand up to intense and repeated punishment in battle.  By the end of the decade it had been rendered obsolete by nickel-steel armour.  However, the general principle of compound iron was used for case-hardened armour, which replaced nickel-steel in the mid-1890s and is still used today. Kusari gusoku (chain armour)(鎖具足) is the Japanese term for mail armour.  Kusari is a type of armour used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan.  When the word "kusari" is used in conjunction with an armoured item it usually means that the "kusari" makes up the majority of the armour defence. Gerald R. Ford" class (or Ford" class, previously known as CVN-21 class), is a class of supercarrier being built to replace the  and some of the United States Navy's existing "Nimitz"-class carriers, beginning with the delivery of CVN-78,  .  The new vessels have a hull similar to the "Nimitz" carriers, but introduce technologies since developed such as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, as well as other design features intended to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs, including sailing with smaller crews. Iron armour was a type of armour used on warships and, to a limited degree, fortifications.  The use of iron gave rise to the term ironclad as a reference to a ship 'clad' in iron.  The earliest material available in sufficient quantities for armouring ships was iron, wrought or cast.  While cast iron has never been used for naval armour, it did find a use in land fortifications, presumable due to the lower cost of the material.  One well known example of cast-iron armour for land use is the Gruson turret, first tested by the Prussian government in 1868.  Armoured ships may have been built as early as 1203, in the far east.  In the West, they first become common when France launched the first ocean-going ironclad "La Gloire" in 1859.  The British Navy responded with HMS "Warrior" in 1860, triggering a naval arms race with bigger, more heavily armed and armoured ironclads. Mongolian armour has a long history.  Mongol armour drew its influence from Chinese and Middle Eastern styles.  Most Mongolian armour was of scale and lamellar variety.  Most armour was made of hardened leather and iron, lanced together onto a fabric backing, sometimes silk.  Mail armour was also sometimes used, but was rare, probably due to its weight and difficulty to repair.  Mongol archers demanded the armour be light enough so that when riding, it didn't interfere with their mobility .  It is also possible that the Mongol armour lacked mail and was generally lighter than its counterparts to the East and West because the nomadic habits of the Mongols were not conducive to the labour-intensive practices and permanent facilities necessary for making mail or large plates.  Sometimes arm protection was removed so that a rider could draw their bow.  The helmet was made of mostly iron, but leather and other materials were also used.  Lamellar armour was also used by the countries that were affected by the invasion of the Mongols worldwide, including the conquest of China and the Middle East.  This is especially shown by Tamerlane, a debatably Mongol warlord of the 15th century that used lamellar armour consistently with his cavalry, and garbed himself and his men in Mongolian armour during war. HMS "Canopus" was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the British Royal Navy and the lead ship of the "Canopus" class .  Intended for service in Asia, "Canopus" and her sister ships were smaller and faster than the preceding "Majestic"-class battleship s, but retained the same battery of four 12 in guns.  She also carried thinner armour, but incorporated new Krupp steel, which was more effective than the Harvey armour used in the "Majestic"s. "Canopus" was laid down in January 1897, launched in October that year, and commissioned into the fleet in December 1899. Plastic armour (also known as plastic protection) was a type of vehicle armour originally developed for merchant ships by Edward Terrell of the British Admiralty in 1940.  It consisted of small, evenly sized aggregate in a matrix of bitumen, similar to asphalt concrete.  It was typically applied as a casting "in situ" to existing ship structures in a layer about two inches thick or formed in equally thick sections on a half-inch-thick steel plate for mounting as gun shields and the like.  Plastic armour replaced the use of concrete slabs which, although expected to provide protection, were prone to cracking and breaking up when struck by armour-piercing bullets.  The armour was highly effective at stopping armour-piercing bullets, because the very hard particles would deflect bullets, which would then lodge between the plastic armour and the steel backing plate.  Plastic armour could be applied by pouring it into a cavity formed by the steel backing plate and a temporary wooden form.  Production of the armour was by road construction firms and was carried out in a similar way to the production of road coverings, the organization of the armouring being carried out by naval officers in key ports. Dynamic Armor or Electric Armour is a type of armour which has been proposed for the protection of ships from shaped charge weapons.  The idea is that the system uses a strong electric field to disrupt the jet of ionized gas produced by the warhead.  The system has been proposed as an upgrade to the "Gerald R. Ford"-class supercarriers . Krupp armour, later supplanted by the improved Krupp cemented armour, was a type of steel armour used in the construction of capital ships starting shortly before the end of the nineteenth century.  It was developed by Germany's Krupp Arms Works in 1893 and quickly replaced Harvey armour as the primary method of protecting naval ships.
Answer: Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System