Question: American Libertarian, political scientist, author, and columnist, Charles Murray, who was also involved with the cognitive elite of a society, those having higher intelligence levels and thus better prospects for success in life, published what book in 1984? 
Context: Charles Alan Murray ( ; born January 8, 1943) is an American Libertarian, political scientist, author, and columnist.  His book "Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980" (1984), which discussed the American welfare system, was widely read and discussed, and influenced subsequent government policy.  He became well-known for his controversial book "The Bell Curve" (1994), written with Richard Herrnstein, in which he argues that intelligence is a better predictor than parental socio-economic status or education level of many individual outcomes including income, job performance, pregnancy out of wedlock, and crime, and that social welfare programs and education efforts to improve social outcomes for the disadvantaged are largely wasted. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray, in which the authors argue that human intelligence is substantially influenced by both inherited and environmental factors and is a better predictor of many personal dynamics, including financial income, job performance, birth out of wedlock, and involvement in crime than are an individual's parental socioeconomic status.  They also argue that those with high intelligence, the "cognitive elite", are becoming separated from those of average and below-average intelligence.  The book was controversial, especially where the authors wrote about racial differences in intelligence and discussed the implications of those differences. Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist, economist, sociologist, psychologist, and computer scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, computer science, public administration, economics, management, philosophy of science, sociology, and political science, unified by studies of decision-making. The cognitive elite of a society, according to Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, are those having higher intelligence levels and thus better prospects for success in life.  The development of a cognitive elite during the 20th century is presented in their 1994 book "The Bell Curve".  In this book, Herrnstein and Murray propose that the cognitive elite has been produced by a more technological society which offers enough high skill jobs for those with a higher intelligence to fill.  They also propose that by removing race, gender or class as criteria the main criteria of success in academic and professional life is becoming primarily based on cognitive ability. Mainstream Science on Intelligence was a public statement issued by a group of academic researchers in fields associated with intelligence testing that claimed to present those findings widely accepted in the expert community.  It was originally published in the "Wall Street Journal" on December 13, 1994 as a response to what the authors viewed as the inaccurate and misleading reports made by the media regarding academic consensus on the results of intelligence research in the wake of the appearance of "The Bell Curve" by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray earlier the same year.  It was drafted by professor of psychology Linda Gottfredson, sent to 131 researchers, and signed by 52 university professors specializing in intelligence and related fields, including around one third of the editorial board of the journal "Intelligence", in which it was subsequently reprinted in 1997.  The 1997 editorial prefaced a special volume of "Intelligence" with contributions from a wide array of psychologists. Lester Neil Smith III (born May 12, 1946), better known as L. Neil Smith, is an American libertarian science fiction author and political activist.  His works include the trilogy of Lando Calrissian novels: "Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu" (1983), "Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon" (1983), "Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka" (1983), and the Omnibus edition "The Lando Calrissian Adventures".  He also wrote the novels "Pallas", "The Forge of the Elders", and "The Probability Broach", each of which won the Libertarian Futurist Society's annual Prometheus Award for best libertarian science fiction novel.  In 2016, Smith received a Special Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Libertarian Futurist Society. E. Pendleton Herring was an American political scientist who worked to advance the field of political science with his work as president of the American Political Science Association.  In addition to working as the 48th president of the APSA Pendleton Herring also served as secretary of Graduate education for Public Administration at Harvard.  Pendleton's scholarly works had a large impact on American political science and also influenced the American government acting as chief intellectual architect of the National Security Act of 1947, which culminated in the reorganization of the military and intelligence branches of the federal government including the creation of the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency.  Herring is considered one of the most important political scientist of his generation and his influence has helped shaped political science as behavioral science. Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010 is a 2012 book by Charles Murray, a political scientist and W.H. Brady Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.  In the book Murray describes what he sees as the economic divide and moral bifurcation of white Americans that has occurred since 1960.  He focuses on white Americans to state that the decline he describes was not being experienced solely by minorities, whom he brings into his argument in the last few chapters of the book. Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980 is a 1984 book by political scientist Charles Murray about the effectiveness of welfare state policies in the United States between 1950 and 1980.  It has been listed as one of the most influential books on policy and social science in the United States in the 20th century.  It has created controversy because of its policy proposals. In ancient Rome, adsidui (also "assidui"; sg.  "adsiduus" or "assiduus", Latin for "diligent, loyal", and collectively, "tax-payers") were the citizens who were liable to military service in the main line of battle, that is, for much of the history of the Roman republic, as legionaries.  The "adsidui" were the members of the first five census classes, which were, according to the Roman historian Livy, created under the reign of Servius Tullius, the sixth legendary king of ancient Rome.  Under Tullius' original organisation, the first class was made of the richest, and thus best-equipped citizens, with helmet, shield, greaves, cuirass, spear and sword.  As one went down through the classes and the corresponding levels of wealth, equipment went lighter and lighter.  According to Peter Connolly, the goal of Tullius' reform was to base military service on wealth, and not race, thus better integrating the Etruscans, who at that time ruled Rome, and the Romans themselves ; he points out, however, that in the beginning most members of the richest first class must have been Etruscans.
Answer: "Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980"