Question: Who is the northwestern  neighbor of the country that boarders Iran on the northeast?
Context: The Qajars (also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars and so on) are a Turkic Oghuz tribe who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.  With the advent of the Safavid era, they had split into several factions.  These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.  The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman Qizilbash tribes that had supplied power to the Safavids since its earliest days.  Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state.  In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, Agha Mohammed, member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the Qajar dynasty which replaced the Zand dynasty in Iran.  In the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 15,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.  According to "Olson et al". , the Qajars are nowadays considered as a branch of the Azerbaijanis. The Medes ( , Old Persian "Māda- ", Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι , Hebrew: מָדַי‎ ) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language.  At around 1100 to 1000 BC, they inhabited the mountainous area of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia and located in the Kermanshah-Hamadan (Ecbatana) region Their emergence in Iran is thought to have occurred between 800 BC to around 700 BC and in the 7th century the whole of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule.  Its precise geographical extension remains unknown. Syria and Iran are strategic allies.  Syria is usually called Iran's "closest ally", with ideological conflict between the Arab nationalism ideology of Syria's secular ruling Ba'ath Party and the Islamic Republic of Iran's pan-Islamist policy notwithstanding.  Iran and Syria have had a strategic alliance ever since the Iran–Iraq War, when Syria sided with non-Arab Iran against its fellow Baath-ruled neighbor but enemy Iraq was isolated by some Arab countries.  The two countries shared a common animosity towards the late Iraqi president Saddam Hussein and coordination against the United States and Israel.  Syria cooperates with Iran in smuggling arms to Hezbollah in Lebanon, since Israel has attacked Syria.  During the Syrian Civil War Iran has conducted "an extensive, expensive, and integrated effort to keep Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in power."  The United States has designated both nations of Iran and Syria as State Sponsors of Terrorism and listed under axis of evil, due to their alleged terrorist activities. The President of Iran (Persian: رییس‌جمهور ایران "Rayis Jomhur-e Irān") is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  The President is the highest popularly elected official in Iran (however, the president is still required to gain the Leader’s official approval before being sworn in before the Parliament, and the Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected president anytime).  The President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state.  Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader.  Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates.  The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader.  The President functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader.  These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations, with Supreme Leader's approval; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, as decreed by the Supreme Leader.  The President also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, and the Supreme Leader who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision.  Iran’s regional policy is directly controlled by the office of the Supreme Leader with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions.  All of Iran’s ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Corps, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader. Iran (Persian: ایران‎ ‎ "Irān " ] ), also known as Persia ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎ ‎ "Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān " ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia.  With over 79.92 million inhabitants (as of August 2017 ), Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.  Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world.  Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" independent Republic of Artsakh, the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq.  The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance.  Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. The tenth Iranian presidential election to be held in Iran.  The President of Iran is the highest official elected by direct, popular vote, although the President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state.  Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader.  Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates.  The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader.  The President functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader.  These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations, with Supreme Leader's approval; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, as decreed by the Supreme Leader.  The President also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, and the Supreme Leader who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision. Wang Yanzheng (王延政) (died 951?) , known as Tiande Emperor (天德帝) after his era name of Tiande, formally Prince Gongyi of Fu (福恭懿王), also known during Min as the Prince of Fusha (富沙王), was the last ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.  In 943, he, then in civil war with his brother Wang Yanxi (Emperor Jingzong), declared himself emperor of a new state of Yin at his base Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), but after Wang Yanxi was killed by the general Zhu Wenjin, who was himself assassinated thereafter, Wang Yanzheng reclaimed the title of Emperor of Min.  His reign would last less than three years overall, though, as Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang bore down militarily on him and forced his surrender, ending Min. Turkmenistan ( or ; Turkmen: Türkmenistan/Түркменистан/توركمنستان , ), formerly known as Turkmenia, is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. According to most U.S. news networks, a majority of Americans support United States or Israeli military action against Iran.  Other, more recent, polls point out that Americans "back a newly brokered nuclear deal with Iran by a 2-to-1 margin and are very wary of the United States resorting to military action against Tehran even if the historic diplomatic effort falls".  Organised opposition to a possible future military attack against Iran by the United States (US) and/or Israel is known to have started during 2005–2006.  Beginning in early 2005, journalists, activists and academics such as Seymour Hersh, Scott Ritter, Joseph Cirincione and Jorge E. Hirsch began publishing claims that United States' concerns over the allege threat posed by the possibility that Iran may have a nuclear weapons program might lead the US government to take military action against that country.  These reports, and the concurrent escalation of tensions between Iran and some Western governments, prompted the formation of grassroots organisations, including Campaign Against Sanctions and Military Intervention in Iran in the US and the United Kingdom, to advocate against potential military strikes on Iran.  Additionally, several individuals, grassroots organisations and international governmental organisations, including the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei, a former United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, Scott Ritter, Nobel Prize winners including Shirin Ebadi, Mairead Corrigan-Maguire and Betty Williams, Harold Pinter and Jody Williams, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Code Pink, the Non-Aligned Movement of 118 states, and the Arab League, have publicly stated their opposition to such an attack. Mozzafar Baghai (Persian: مظفر بقائی‎ ‎ ; 23 July 191218 November 1987) is known best as an Iranian political figure of the 1940s and 50s.  He rose to prominence during the national struggle against British control of Iran's oil industry.  For decades, most Iranians had resented the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (51% of which was under the control of the British government) for the perceived injustice of allocating most profits to the company and the British government, while only a very small proportion was given to Iran, despite the fact that the oil fields were on Iranian territory.  Baghai made himself known as a fiery critic of the British and he allied himself with those of like mind, including Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh (a man who had risen to prominence as a fierce critic of Reza Shah, the despotic ruler of Iran from 1921–1941, and of the British control of the oil fields and that country's interference in Iran's internal affairs).  He was different from many other nationalists in that he held very left-wing (albeit anti-communist) views.  He was able to best articulate this when he formed the Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation, a left-wing, nationalistic and anti-communist party that included such notables as Khalil Maleki (an ex-member of the Tudeh Party who broke away from that group for its dependence on the Soviet Union).  In 1949, the Toilers Party joined with Mossadegh and his liberal supporters in forming the National Front of Iran, which was an umbrella organization for all Iranians who were committed to the principles of freeing Iran from foreign domination, ending arbitrary rule and establishing a government dependent on the will of the people of Iran.  In April 1951, one month after the oil industry was nationalized by the Majlis, Mossadegh was chosen by that elected body as the Prime Minister of Iran, subject to approval by the reigning Mohammad Reza Shah (who had succeeded his father as Shah of Iran in Sept. 1941).
Answer: Kazakhstan