Question: The papal election of 1159 followed the death of which pope, who ruled from 1154 until 1159?
Context: The Papal election of 4–7 September 1159 followed the death of Pope Adrian IV.  It resulted in a double election.  A majority of the cardinals elected Cardinal Rolando of Siena as Pope Alexander III, but a minority refused to recognize him and elected their own candidate Ottaviano de Monticelli, who took the name Victor IV, creating a schism which lasted until 1178. Pope Adrian IV (Latin: "Adrianus IV" ; born Nicholas Breakspear;  1100 1 September 1159) was Pope from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159. The papal election of 1181 followed the death of Pope Alexander III and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius III.  This was the first papal election celebrated in accordance with the decree "Licet de evitanda discordia", promulgated in the Third Lateran Council in 1179, which established that the pope is elected by the majority of two thirds votes. The papal election from April 5, 1292 to July 5, 1294 was the last papal election which did not take the form of a papal conclave (in which the electors are locked in seclusion "cum clave"—Latin for "with a key"—and not permitted to leave until a new Bishop of Rome has been elected).  After the death of Pope Nicholas IV on April 4, 1292, the eleven surviving cardinals (a twelfth died during the "sede vacante") deliberated for more than two years before electing the third of six non-cardinals to be elected pope during the Late Middle Ages: Pietro da Morrone, who took the name Pope Celestine V. The papal election from November 1268 to September 1, 1271, following the death of Pope Clement IV, was the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church.  This was due primarily to political infighting between the cardinals.  The election of Teobaldo Visconti as Pope Gregory X was the first example of a papal election by "Compromise."  The election was effected by a Committee of six cardinals agreed to by the other remaining ten.  The election occurred more than a year after the magistrates of Viterbo locked the cardinals in, reduced their rations to bread and water, and legendarily removed the roof of the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo. Pietro di Miso (died September 17, 1174) was Italian cardinal.  He was elevated to the cardinalate by Pope Adrian IV in the consistory of February 1158.  Initially he was cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio, but in 1166 he was promoted to the order of cardinal-priests and received "titulus" San Lorenzo in Damaso.  After the double papal election in 1159 he supported the obedience of Pope Alexander III and served as his legate in Hungary.  He signed the papal bulls between April 24, 1158 and July 17, 1174. The papal election of 1154 followed the death of Pope Anastasius IV and resulted in the election of Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope. Gregorio della Suburra (died 1162/63) was an Italian cardinal, created by Pope Innocent II in 1140 as priest of the title of S. Maria in Trastevere.  He was nephew of Pope Anastasius IV, who promoted him to suburbicarian see of Sabina in September 1154.  After the double papal election in September 1159 he supported the obedience of Pope Alexander III.  He became Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1159, after the deposition of Cardinal Icmar of Tusculum, who had consecrated Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) and joined his obedience.  He was papal vicar at Rome in 1160.  His name appears for the last time in the papal bull dated 20 September 1162. The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals).  Because John XXI had revoked "Ubi periculum", the papal bull of Pope Gregory X establishing the papal conclave, with his own bull "Licet felicis recordationis", the cardinal electors were able to take their time.  After six months of deliberation, the cardinals eventually elected their most senior member Giovanni Gaetano Orsini as Pope Nicholas III.  From the end of the election until Nicholas III's first consistory on March 12, 1278, the number of living cardinals—seven—was the lowest in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. The papal election of September, 1276 is the only papal election to be the third election of the same year.  The election was also the first non-conclave, since the establishment of the papal conclave after the papal election, 1268–1271.
Answer: Pope Adrian IV