Question: The RATE project has a member who has proposed a theory that resolves what problem with young-earth creationism?
Context: Kevin R. Henke is an American geochemist and former instructor at the University of Kentucky's department of Geology.  He currently works as a senior research scientist at the University of Kentucky's Center for Applied Energy Research.  He is well known for his criticism of young earth creationism and the scientific arguments they make for a young earth.  In particular, he has been critical of the RATE project's results, which claim to show that zircons contain too much helium to be billions of years old, and has argued that Russell Humphreys, a young-earth creationist who was involved in the project, has made errors in his research.  These flaws include that, according to Henke, "The vast majority of Humphreys et al.'s critical a, b, and Q/Q0 values that are used in these "dating" equations are either missing, poorly defined, improperly measured or inaccurate."  Henke has also accused Humphreys of misidentifying his specimens, fudging his data, and not considering the possibility of helium contamination in this research.  He has also criticized John Woodmorappe for arguing that radiometric dating is unreliable.  On one occasion, Henke called Kent Hovind on the phone regarding Hovind's $250,000 challenge to "prove" evolution.  Hovind told Henke that in order to win the money he would have to recreate the Big Bang in a laboratory.  Henke responded by proposing several alternative "proofs" that pertained to geology (his field of expertise), but Hovind refused, saying that the project must be chosen by him and it must not pertain to the area in which Henke has scientific expertise.  Hovind therefore required Henke to prove that dogs and bananas had a common ancestor, and lowered the award to only $2,000 should he succeed.  Henke accepted the challenge, and later drafted a contract, which was then posted on Talk.origins.  However, one of Henke's requirements was that the judges be unbiased, and Hovind rejected the challenge for this reason, insisting that he should be the only one who can choose the judges. Nairi Sedrakyan (born 1961 in Ninotsminda, USSR) is an Armenian mathematician involved in national and international Olympiads of mathematics, having been the president of Armenian Mathematics Olympiads, the Leader of Armenian IMO Team, jury member and problem selection committee member of International Mathematical Olympiad, jury member and problem selection committee member of Zhautykov International Mathematical Olympiad (ZIMO), jury member and problem selection committee member of the 1st International Olympiad of Metropolises, the president of International Mathematical Olympiad Tournament of the Towns in Armenia.  He has also authored a large number of problems proposed in these Olympiads.  Nairi Sedrakyan is the author of one of the hardest problems ever proposed in the history of International Mathematical Olympiad, 5th problem of 37th International Mathematical Olympiad.  This problem is considered as one of the hardest problems ever, because none of the members of the strongest teams, i.e. National Olympic Teams of the USA, Russia or China has succeeded to solve it correctly.  Moreover, the National Olympic Team of People's Republic of China has obtained a cumulative result equal to 0 points and was ranked the 6th in the final ranking of the countries instead of the usual 1st or 2nd place.  The British 2014 film X+Y, released in the USA as A Brilliant Young Mind, inspired by, Beautiful Young Minds focuses on an English mathematical genius chosen to represent the United Kingdom at the IMO.  In the film this problem is stated to be the hardest problem ever proposed in the history of International Mathematical Olympiad (minutes 9:40-10:30).  Other outstanding results of the author are having 4 problems in the Shortlist of the worldwide selected 27 problems of the 40th IMO (1999) in Romania and having 5 medals winner students in 41st IMO in South Korea, i.e. 2 silver medals and 3 bronze medals.  Moreover, only 1 point was missing for Sevak Mkrtchyan to obtain a Gold Medal (currently he is an assistant professor of mathematics in United States, Sevak received his PhD in mathematics from University of California, Berkley).  Nevertheless, Arthur Barkhoudarian, one of the first students of Nairi Sedrakyan has received a Gold Medal in International Mathematical Olympiad, later on Arthur received his PhD degree in mathematics from Charles University in Prague.  As all winner students were from the same school, where Nairi Sedrakyan was teaching mathematics, the government of the Republic of Armenia gave to the author the title of the best teacher of the Republic of Armenia and he received a special gift from the Prime Minister. The Three-detector problem is a problem in traffic flow theory.  Given is a homogeneous freeway and the vehicle counts at two detector stations.  We seek the vehicle counts at some intermediate location.  The method can be applied to incident detection and diagnosis by comparing the observed and predicted data, so a realistic solution to this problem is important.  Newell G.F. proposed a simple method to solve this problem.  In Newell's method, one gets the cumulative count curve (N-curve) of any intermediate location just by shifting the N-curves of the upstream and downstream detectors.  Newell's method was developed before the variational theory of traffic flow was proposed to deal systematically with vehicle counts.  This article shows how Newell's method fits in the context of variational theory. Grote-Hynes Theory (GH) is a theory of reaction rate in a solution phase.  This rate theory was developed by James T. Hynes with his graduate student Richard F. Grote in 1980.  It is based on the Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE).  This theory introduced the concept of frequency dependent friction for chemical rate processes in solution phase.  Because of inclusion of the frequency dependent friction instead of constant friction, the theory successfully predicts the rate constant including where the reaction barrier is large and of high frequency, where the diffusion over the barrier starts decoupling from viscosity of the medium.  This was the weakness of Kramer's rate theory, which underestimated the reaction rate having large barrier with high frequency. David Russell Humphreys is a prominent American member of the young Earth creationist movement, with a PhD in physics.  He has proposed a theory for the origin of the universe which is supposed to resolve the distant starlight problem that exists in young Earth creationism. Vladimir Gilelevich Maz'ya (Russian: Владимир Гилелевич Мазья ; born December 31, 1937) (the family name is sometimes transliterated as Mazya, Maz'ja or Mazja) is a Russian-born Swedish mathematician, hailed as "one of the most distinguished analysts of our time" and as "an outstanding mathematician of worldwide reputation", who strongly influenced the development of mathematical analysis and the theory of partial differential equations.  His early achievements include: his work on Sobolev spaces, in particular the discovery of the equivalence between Sobolev and isoperimetric/isocapacitary inequalities (1960), his counterexamples related to Hilbert's 19th and Hilbert's 20th problem (1968), his solution, together with Yuri Burago, of a problem in harmonic potential theory (1967) posed by , his extension of the Wiener regularity test to p –Laplacian and the proof of its sufficiency for the boundary regularity.  Maz'ya solved V. Arnol'd's problem for the oblique derivative boundary value problem (1970) and F. John's problem on the oscillations of a fluid in the presence of an immersed body (1977).  In recent years, he proved a Wiener's type criterion for higher order elliptic equations, together with M. Shubin solved a problem in the spectral theory of the Schrödinger operator formulated by Israel Gelfand in 1953, found necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic systems of PDEs and introduced the so–called approximate approximations.  He also contributed to the development of the theory of capacities, nonlinear potential theory, the asymptotic and qualitative theory of arbitrary order elliptic equations, the theory of ill-posed problems, the theory of boundary value problems in domains with piecewise smooth boundary. The situational theory of problem solving attempts to explain why and how an individual communicates during a problematic situation.  The Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) was proposed by Jeong-Nam Kim and James E. Grunig in 2011 though their article “problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of problem solving.”  The theory was developed from the situational theory of publics (STP) and claimed it is “an extended and generalized version” of STP.  This theory has an assumption that “the more one commits to problem resolution, the more one becomes acquisitive of information pertaining to the problem, selective in dealing with information, and transmissive in giving it to others.” The Big Valley Creation Science Museum is a museum in Big Valley, Alberta, Canada, dedicated to promoting young-earth creationism as an empirical science-based alternative to biological evolutionism as presented by the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, also in Alberta, 40 mi to the south.  It is Canada's first permanent creation museum. The RATE project (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) was a research project conducted by the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research between 1997 and 2005 to assess the validity of radiometric dating and other dating techniques in the light of the doctrine of a recent creation.  It was funded by $250,000 from the Institute for Creation Research and over $1 million in donations.  The RATE team was chaired by Larry Vardiman (meteorology) and included Steven A. Austin (soft rock geology), John Baumgardner (geophysics), Steven W. Boyd (Hebrew), Eugene F. Chaffin (physics), Donald B. DeYoung (physics), Russell Humphreys (physics) and Andrew Snelling (hard rock geology). Gap creationism (also known as ruin-restoration creationism, restoration creationism, or "The Gap Theory") is a form of old Earth creationism that posits that the six-"yom" creation period, as described in the Book of Genesis, involved six literal 24-hour days (light being "day" and dark "night" as God specified), but that there was a gap of time between two distinct creations in the first and the second verses of Genesis, which the theory states explains many scientific observations, including the age of the Earth.  It differs from day-age creationism, which posits that the 'days' of creation were much longer periods (of thousands or millions of years), and from young Earth creationism, which although it agrees concerning the six literal 24-hour days of creation, does not posit any gap of time.
Answer: distant starlight