Question: The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in which year, to mark the centennial of Brazil's independence, although the North Atlantic had already been traversed in a non-stop flight by John Alcock and Arthur Brown in 1919, Coutinho and Cabral's flight remains notable as a milestone in transatlantic aviation, and for its use of new technologies such as the artificial horizon?
Context: Between 1907 and 1925, the Daily Mail newspaper, initially on the initiative of its proprietor, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, awarded numerous prizes for achievements in aviation.  The newspaper would stipulate the amount of a prize for the first aviators to perform a particular task in aviation, or to the winner of an aviation race or event.  The most famous prizes were the £1,000 for the first cross-channel flight awarded to Louis Blériot in 1909 and the £10,000 given in 1919 to Alcock and Brown for the first non-stop transatlantic flight between North America and Ireland. Gelatine was an airship operated by the United States Army Signal Corps.  "Gelatine" was built by Thomas Scott Baldwin's company Baldwin's Airships, Balloons, Aeroplanes of New York City.  On the morning of September 19, 1905, the "Gelatine", piloted by Lincoln J. Beachey, ascended from the grounds of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition on the shores of Guild's Lake in Portland, Oregon, landing 40 minutes later at the Vancouver Barracks in Vancouver, Washington.  The flight is considered as the first aerial crossing of the Columbia River and the first account of controlled powered flight in Washington. Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho, GCTE, GCC, generally known simply as Gago Coutinho (] ; 17 February 1869 – 18 February 1959) was a Portuguese naval officer and aviation pioneer who, together with Sacadura Cabral (1881–1924), was the first to cross the South Atlantic Ocean by air, from March to June 1922 (some sources wrongly claim 1919), from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. The North Atlantic Squadron was a section of the United States Navy operating in the North Atlantic.  It was renamed as the North Atlantic Fleet in 1902.  In 1905 the European and South Atlantic Squadrons were abolished and absorbed into the North Atlantic Fleet.  On 1 January 1906, the Navy's Atlantic Fleet was established by combining the North Atlantic Fleet with the South Atlantic Squadron. Artur de Sacadura Freire Cabral, GCTE (23 May 1881 – 15 November 1924), known simply as Sacadura Cabral (] ), was a Portuguese aviation pioneer who in 1922, together with Gago Coutinho (1869–1959), conducted the first flight across the South Atlantic Ocean, and also the first using astronomical navigation only, from Lisbon, Portugal, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  On 15 November 1924, he disappeared while flying over the English Channel, along with his co-pilot, Mechanical Corporal José Correia, due to fog and his shortening eyesight (which never kept him from flying).  Although some float remains from his seaplane had been found four days later, the bodies were never found. British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919.  They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland.  The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the "Daily Mail" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by aeroplane in "less than 72 consecutive hours".  A small amount of mail was carried on the flight, making it the first transatlantic airmail flight.  The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) a week later by King George V at Windsor Castle. The Alcock Scout, a.k.a. A.1 and Sopwith Mouse, was a curious "one-off" experimental fighter biplane flown briefly during World War I.  It was assembled by Flight Lieutenant John Alcock at Moudros, a Royal Naval Air Service base in the Aegean Sea.  Alcock took the forward fuselage and lower wings of a Sopwith Triplane, the upper wings of a Sopwith Pup and the tailplane and elevators of a Sopwith Camel, and married them to a rear fuselage and vertical tail surface of original design (presumably by Alcock himself).  It was powered by a 110 hp Clerget 9Z engine, and carried a .303 Vickers machine gun. Pedro Álvares Cabral (] ] ; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil.  Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal.  While details of Cabral's early life are unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education.  He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly opened route around Africa.  The object of the undertaking was to return with valuable spices and to establish trade relations in India—bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants.  Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia. The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922, to mark the centennial of Brazil's independence.  Coutinho and Cabral flew in stages from Lisbon, Portugal, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using three different Fairey III biplanes, and covered a distance of 8383 km between March 30 and June 17.  Although the North Atlantic had already been traversed in a non-stop flight by John Alcock and Arthur Brown in 1919, Coutinho and Cabral's flight remains notable as a milestone in transatlantic aviation, and for its use of new technologies such as the artificial horizon. Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho, 18th Count of Azevedo GCC, GCA (12 November 1871–27 June 1955), was a Portuguese naval officer, politician and professor, at the University of Coimbra and later the "Escola Naval" (Naval School).  He was a member of the Portuguese Democratic Party and served as the President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) for 7th government of the First Portuguese Republic (having led the country between 12 December 1914 and 25 January 1915).  His government's composition was essentially made up of second-line political figures, and his government was jokingly referred to as ""Os miseráveis de Victor Hugo"" ("The miserables of Victor Hugo"), a play on the French author Victor Hugo's book "Les Miserables".
Answer: 1922