Question: What kind of study does University of Notre Dame and New York University have in common?
Context: New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City.  Founded in 1831, NYU's main campus is centered in Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village, and campuses based throughout New York City. Richard T. Sullivan (died 1981) was a novelist, short-story writer, and member of the faculty of the University of Notre Dame.  His novels and short story collections include "The World of Idella May", "The Three Kings", "Summer After Summer", "The Dark Continent", and "First Citizen".  He wrote numerous book reviews for "The New York Times" and the "Chicago Tribune".  He was a popular teacher at Notre Dame.  The University of Notre Dame's Creative Writing Program named an award for short fiction after him.  The Richard Sullivan Prize for short fiction has been awarded biennially since 1996. The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame ) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States.  Notre Dame is a large, four-year, highly residential research university.  The main campus covers 1250 acre in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the "Word of Life" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.  The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame Junior Senior High School (NDJSHS) in Utica, New York, is a co-ed Roman Catholic high school.  Notre Dame includes grades 7-12, and is known primarily for exceptional academic programs as well as being highly competitive in Football and Basketball.  Notre Dame's current Principal is Mr. Ron Spadafora, assisted by Roy Kane as the Vice Principal.  It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse. The 1981 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1981 NCAA Division I-A football season.  The team played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana.  Gerry Faust was the new Notre Dame head coach.  The offense scored 232 points, while the defense allowed 160 points.  It was Notre Dame's first losing season in 18 years. David Inman was born on June 13, 1980 to Dr. Robert Inman and Straughn Eastman Inman in New York, NY.  He grew up in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he won a gold medal with Team Ontario in the Under-17 World Hockey Challenge.  Inman was a standout in men's hockey at the University of Notre Dame where he played right wing, and served as captain.  At Notre Dame, Inman was a two-year Academic All-American who majored in finance, a four-year monogram club winner, and became the 29th player in Notre Dame history to score more than 50 goals in a single season.  In 1999 and 2000, Inman played for the United States national men's ice hockey team. Mary Ellen O'Connell is the Robert and Marion Short Professor of Law at the University of Notre Dame Law School and a Research Professor of International Dispute Resolution at Notre Dame's Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies.  Since joining the Notre Dame Law School in 2005, she has taught the courses International Law, International Law and the Use of Force, International Dispute Resolution, International Environmental Law, International Art Law, and Contracts.  Prior to joining Notre Dame's faculty, she taught at The Ohio State University (1999–2005), as the William B. Saxbe Designated Professor of Law in the Moritz College of Law and was a Senior Fellow of the Mershon Center for the Study of International Security and Public Policy.  She was also a Visiting Professor at the University of Cincinnati College of Law (1998–1999). Michael DeCicco (November 16, 1927 - March 29, 2013) was an American fencing coach, known for his work at the University of Notre Dame for 41 years.  In 1945, he joined "Notre Dame" but left in 1949 to study at college.  In 1954, he re-joined "Notre Dame" and served as assistant to Walter Langford, and in 1962 became official head coach of "Notre Dame".  He founded the academic advising program in 1964 and also founded the Junior World Fencing Championships for "Notre Dame".  DeCiccio died of natural causes at the age of 85 and is survived by his wife, and his five children. The Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival (formerly Summer Shakespeare) at the University of Notre Dame is an annual festival that seeks to combine professional productions of the works of William Shakespeare with community outreach and educational programs.  The Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival is a part of the University of Notre Dame's Shakespeare initiative entitled "Shakespeare at Notre Dame", a program that recognizes the centrality of the study of Shakespeare in humanistic pedagogy at the University.  Its fifteenth season (summer of 2014) was known as the 15/150, also celebrating the 450th birthday of William Shakespeare, and the 150th anniversary of the first full production of Shakespeare at the university in 1864 (Records indicate the first performance of Shakespeare at the University of Notre Dame took place in 1847, a collection of scenes also from "Henry IV)."  The anniversary season consisted of the Professional Company production of "Henry IV" (directed by Michael Goldberg), the Young Company performance of "The Merry Wives of Windsor" (directed by West Hyler), and the annual ShakeScenes shows featuring actors of all ages from South Bend and the surrounding community. Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index is a program of the University of Notre Dame’s Environmental Change Initiative.  The Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index, or ND-GAIN, ranks the climate adaptation performance for 177 countries over the last 17 years.  One of ND-GAIN’s goals is to assist decision-makers in the public and private sectors to gain a better understanding of the climate adaptation.  Metrics can help decision makers identify and prioritize adaptation measures to allocate investment most effectively and build resilience to climate change.  Standard and Poor used a composite of three variables, including ND-GAIN “to capture facets of potential vulnerability to arrive at a ranking” of 116 sovereigns for their report “Climate Change Is A Global Mega-Trend For Sovereign Risk."  The ND-GAIN Country Profiles provide all of the data and their sources, organized by specific vulnerability and readiness measures such as water availability, food security and education level.  According to ND-GAIN as of 2013, it will take more than 100 years for the world’s poorest countries to reach the current adaptive capacity of higher-income OECD countries.  In 2014 ND-GAIN found Norway, New Zealand, Sweden, Finland and Denmark the countries most prepared to adapt to climate change while the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Burundi and Chad were found the most vulnerable.
Answer: research