Question: Minersville School District v. Gobitis and United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., are both related to which organization?
Context: Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004), was a case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.  The lawsuit, originally filed as Newdow v. United States Congress, Elk Grove Unified School District, et al. in 2000, led to a 2002 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance are an endorsement of religion and therefore violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.  After an initial decision striking the congressionally added "one nation under God" language, [Newdow v. U.S. Congress, 292 F.3d 597 (9th Cir.  2002), the superseding opinion on denial of rehearing en banc was more limited, holding that compelled recitation of the language by school teachers to students was invalid.  [328 F.3d 466 (9th Cir.  2003). Owasso Independent School District v. Falvo, 534 U.S. 426 (2002) , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held in favor of the school district that students scoring each other's tests and calling out the grades do not violate the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).  Justice Kennedy wrote the opinion for the unanimous court.  Justice Scalia wrote a concurring opinion in which he agreed with the ruling, but took issue with parts of Kennedy's opinion. Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1940) , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the religious rights of public school students under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.  The Court ruled that public schools could compel students—in this case, Jehovah's Witnesses—to salute the American Flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance despite the students' religious objections to these practices.  This decision led to increased persecution of Witnesses in the United States.  The Supreme Court overruled this decision a mere three years later, in "West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette", 319 U.S. 624 (1943). Forest Grove School District v. T. A., 557 U.S. 230 (2009), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) authorizes reimbursement for private special education services when a public school fails to provide a "free appropriate public education" (FAPE) and the private school placement is appropriate, regardless of whether the child previously received special education services through the public school. Bethel School District v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court involving free speech in public schools.  High school student Matthew Fraser was suspended from school in the Bethel School District for making a speech including sexual double entendres at a school assembly.  The Supreme Court held that his suspension did not violate the First Amendment. Block booking is a system of selling multiple films to a theater as a unit.  Block booking was the prevailing practice among Hollywood's major studios from the turn of the 1930s until it was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in "United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc." (1948).  Under block booking, "independent ('unaffiliated') theater owners were forced to take large numbers of [a] studio's pictures sight unseen.  Those studios could then parcel out second-rate product along with A-class features and star vehicles, which made both production and distribution operations more economical."  The element of the system involving the purchase of unseen pictures is known as blind bidding. United States v. Binion, 132 F. App'x 89 (8th Cir.  2005), is a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit applied two recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions ("United States v. Booker", 543 U.S. 220 (2005) and "United States v. Fanfan", 543 U.S. 220 (2005) in reviewing the sentencing decision by the trial court and upheld by the Federal District Court for the Eastern District. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 US 131 (1948) (also known as the Hollywood Antitrust Case of 1948, the Paramount Case, the Paramount Decision or the Paramount Decree) was a landmark United States Supreme Court antitrust case that decided the fate of movie studios owning their own theatres and holding exclusivity rights on which theatres would show their films.  It would also change the way Hollywood movies were produced, distributed, and exhibited.  The Court held in this case that the existing distribution scheme was in violation of the antitrust laws of the United States, which prohibit certain exclusive dealing arrangements. Henry Washington Sawyer III (December 23, 1918 – July 31, 1999) was an American lawyer, civil rights activist, and Democratic politician.  Born in Philadelphia, he served in World War II and attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School.  Sawyer worked as a corporate lawyer but is best known for his advocacy of civil liberties, especially in First Amendment cases.  In "Abington School District v. Schempp" and "Lemon v. Kurtzman", he successfully argued cases before the Supreme Court of the United States that became the basis for all modern Establishment Clause jurisprudence.  He pursued civil rights causes in Philadelphia and in the South during the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.  He also served a four-year term on Philadelphia City Council, where he worked for civil service reform and to increase the amount of public art in the city. Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F., 526 U.S. 66 (1999) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the related services provision in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) required public school districts to fund "continuous, one-on-one nursing care for disabled children" despite arguments from the school district concerning the costs of the services."  The judges relied heavily on Irving Independent School Dist.  v. Tatro, 468 U. S. 883 (1984).  Under the Court's reading of the IDEA's relevant provisions, medical treatments such as suctioning, ventilator checks, catheterization, and others which can be administered by non-physician personnel come within the parameters of the special education law's related services.  Disability advocates considered the Court decision to be a "substantial victory for families of children with disabilities."  Amendments were made in the Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 to increase IDEA funding as a result of the case.
Answer: United States Supreme Court