Question: Yunost, is a Russian language literary magazine created in which year, in Moscow (initially as a USSR Union of Writers' organ) by Valentin Kataev, was a Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright who managed to create penetrating works discussing post-revolutionary social conditions without running afoul of the demands of official Soviet style?
Context: Benedikt Sarnov (Russian: Бенеди́кт Миха́йлович Сарно́в ; January 4, 1927 – April 20, 2014) was a Moscow literary critic, historian of Soviet literature, and writer.  After graduating from Gorky Institute of World Literature in 1951, he became a member of Union of Soviet Writers in 1960.  He worked in the magazine Literaturnaya Gazeta, created a popular literary radio program and authored a column about Russian prose in Ogonek.  In 1990s he became Secretary of the Moscow Writers' Union, a part of Union of Russian Writers.  He has published over twenty books, and hundreds of articles and reviews, and continued to be active in the post-Soviet period.  His most recent books were about relationships of Stalin and Soviet writers and other intellectuals He died in 2014. Moscow Power Engineering Institute (National Research University) is one of the largest institutions of its kind, and is one of the leading technical universities in the world in the area of power engineering, electronics and IT.  It is located in Moscow, Russia, and was founded in 1930.  In Russian Federation the education in universities is available in Russian medium only.  Therefore, before the main education courses would start, the foreign applicants to university courses should pass the Preliminary course for training in Russian language, followed by the State Test in Russian language (called Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language – TORFL).  Fifteen years ago MPEI (as one of few such Russian universities) launched the program of education for foreign students in English medium, however in only one specialty – Computer Engineering.  MPEI invested considerate time and resources into this program, they selected a group of leading professors who spoke English fluently, who in turn prepared the educational materials in English.  Now MPEI accepts annually one full group of foreign students who speak English fluently for this IT educational program in English Language.  All classes here are provided in English, hence the students in this program do not require the preliminary training in Russian language, i.e. the educational period becomes one year shorter.  The annual tuition fee for this program however is more expensive, since this program is conducted in English, unlike the rest of the programs. Novaya Yunost (Новая Юность, "New Youth") is a Russian literary magazine.  It was founded in 1993.  The founding chief editor was Alexander Tkachenko, who had previously been poetry editor of "Novaya Yunost's" predecessor "Yunost."  The headquarters of "Novaya Yunost" is in Moscow. Valentin Petrovich Kataev (Russian: Валентин Петрович Катаев ; also spelled Katayev or Kataiev; 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1897  – 12 April 1986) was a Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright who managed to create penetrating works discussing post-revolutionary social conditions without running afoul of the demands of official Soviet style.  Kataev is credited with suggesting the idea for "The Twelve Chairs" to his brother Yevgeni Petrov and Ilya Ilf.  In return, Kataev insisted that the novel be dedicated to him, in all editions and translations.  Kataev's relentless imagination, sensitivity, and originality made him one of the most distinguished Soviet writers. Eugene Demjanovich Maltsev (Russian: Евгений Демьянович Мальцев ; August 9, 1929, Ryazan Oblast, USSR — December 24, 2003, Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Soviet Russian painter, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 — the Leningrad Union of the Soviet Artists), who lived and worked in Leningrad.  In 1990-1997 Eugene Maltsev was a head of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, in 1989-1991 was elected a People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from the USSR Union of Artists.  Maltsev regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait and historical paintings. Yunost (Russian: Ю́ность , "Youth") is a Russian language literary magazine created in 1955 in Moscow (initially as a USSR Union of Writers' organ) by Valentin Kataev, its first editor-in-chief, who was fired in 1961 for publishing Vasily Aksyonov's "Ticket to the Stars".  In "Yunost", which appealed to the young intellectual readership and contained an impressive poetry section, were premiered some significant, occasionally controversial (from the Soviet censorship's point of view) works of Anna Akhmatova, Bella Akhmadulina, Bulat Okudzhava, Nikolay Rubtsov, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrey Voznesensky, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Boris Vasilyev, Andrei Molchanov, Rimma Kazakova, Mikhail Zadornov, Fazil Iskander, Vasily Aksyonov, Anatoly Gladilin, Anatoly Kuznetsov, Grigory Gorin, Nikolay Leonov and others.  In 1980s, circulation of the magazine was more that 3 million copies.  Since 1991 "Yunost" is an independently published journal. Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writers (Russian: Союз писателей СССР, "Soyuz Sovetstikh Pisatelei" ) was a creative union of professional writers in the Soviet Union.  It was founded in 1932 on the initiative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party after disbanding a number of other writers' organizations: RAPP, Proletkult, and VOAPP. The Soviet Railways (Russian: Cоветские железные дороги (CЖД)) was the state owned national railway system of the Soviet Union, headquartered in Moscow.  The railway started operations in December 1922, shortly after the formation of the USSR.  It operated until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.  The Soviet Railways were the largest unified railway in the world and the backbone of the USSR's economy.  SZD greatly upgraded and expanded the Russian Imperial Railways to meet the demands of the Union.  The railway was directly under the control of the Ministry of Railways in the Soviet Union. Hizgil Davidovich Avshalumov (Russian: "Авшалумов, Хизгил Давидович;" ; 16 January 1913 – 17 September 2001) was Mountain Jew soviet novelist, poet and playwrighter.  He wrote in languages of the Mountain Jews (Juhuri) and Russian.  He was awarded the Suleyman Stalsky award.  He was a USSR Union of Writers member. In 1964 he graduated from Sakmarskaya high school with a gold medal.  In 1964–1965 he worked as a teacher of German in Krasnokommunarskaya 8-year school at Sakmarskaya Station.  In 1965–1970 years he was a student of Indonesian branch of the Institute of Oriental Languages, Lomonosov Moscow State University, graduating it with excellence.  In 1970–1971 was studying Malay at the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur) in the first group of Russian students through the student exchange.  .  In 1975 finished post-graduate studies at the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University and got PhD in History with the theses "Opposition Parties of Malaysia” (1957–1971).  In 1976–1982 he worked under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in the Soviet Embassy in Indonesia, in 1986–1989 in the Soviet Embassy in Malaysia.  Since 1989 he was an editor- consultant of the sector "Encyclopedia of Asia” at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Science, in 1996–2001 worked as a lecturer of Indonesian language at the Institute of Asian and African Studies, in 1998–2001 simultaneously as the Deputy Head of Information and Analytical Center of "Evening Moscow" Concern.  Since September 2001 – the Lecturer of Russian Language and Russian Culture at the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, since 2003 – Assoc. Professor.
Answer: 1955