Question: What was the original French title of the book by philosopher Henry Bergson which is based on a hypothetical explanation for evolution and development of organisms?
Context: Many scientists and philosophers of science have described evolution as fact and theory, a phrase which was used as the title of an article by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould in 1981.  He describes "fact" in science as meaning data, not absolute certainty but "confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent".  A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of such facts.  The facts of evolution come from observational evidence of current processes, from imperfections in organisms recording historical common descent, and from transitions in the fossil record.  Theories of evolution provide a provisional explanation for these facts. Duration (French: "la durée") is a theory of time and consciousness posited by the French philosopher Henri Bergson.  Bergson sought to improve upon inadequacies he perceived in the philosophy of Herbert Spencer, due, he believed, to Spencer's lack of comprehension of mechanics, which led Bergson to the conclusion that time eluded mathematics and science.  Bergson became aware that the moment one attempted to measure a moment, it would be gone: one measures an immobile, complete line, whereas time is mobile and incomplete.  For the individual, time may speed up or slow down, whereas, for science, it would remain the same.  Hence Bergson decided to explore the inner life of man, which is a kind of duration, neither a unity nor a quantitative multiplicity.  Duration is ineffable and can only be shown indirectly through images that can never reveal a complete picture.  It can only be grasped through a simple intuition of the imagination. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (French: "Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines" ) is a 1966 book by the French philosopher Michel Foucault.  It was translated into English and published by Pantheon Books in 1970.  (Foucault had preferred "L'Ordre des Choses" for the original French title, but changed the title because it had been used by two structuralist works published immediately prior to Foucault's). Creative Evolution (French: "L'Évolution créatrice" ) is a 1907 book by French philosopher Henri Bergson.  Its English translation appeared in 1911.  The book proposed a version of orthogenesis in place of Darwin's mechanism of evolution, suggesting that evolution is motivated by an élan vital, a "vital impetus" that can also be understood as humanity's natural creative impulse.  The book was very popular in the early decades of the twentieth century. Orthogenesis, also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive evolution, evolutionary progress, or progressionism, is the biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology) due to some internal mechanism or "driving force".  According to the theory, the largest-scale trends in evolution have an absolute goal such as increasing biological complexity.  Prominent historical figures who have championed some form of evolutionary progress include Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, and Henri Bergson. The Easy Way (French title: Sans arme, ni haine, ni violence) is a 2008 French heist film directed by Jean-Paul Rouve, who also stars in the titular role aas the real life thief Albert Spaggiari, who organized a break-in into a Société Générale bank in Nice, France in 1976.  The original French title refers to the note Albert Spaggiari left in the bank after completing the robbery. Little White Lies is a 2010 French comedy-drama film written and directed by Guillaume Canet, starring an ensemble cast of François Cluzet, Marion Cotillard, Benoît Magimel, Gilles Lellouche, Jean Dujardin, Laurent Lafitte, Valérie Bonneton and Pascale Arbillot.  The original French title is "Les petits mouchoirs", which means "the small handkerchiefs" (see explanation below).  The film was released in France on 20 October 2010. Élan vital (] ) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his 1907 book "Creative Evolution", in which he addresses the question of self-organisation and spontaneous morphogenesis of things in an increasingly complex manner.  "Elan vital" was translated in the English edition as "vital impetus", but is usually translated by his detractors as "vital force".  It is a hypothetical explanation for evolution and development of organisms, which Bergson linked closely with consciousness – with the intuitive perception of experience and the flow of inner time. A cladogram (from Greek "clados" "branch" and "gramma" "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.  A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed; many evolutionary trees can be inferred from a single cladogram.  A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor.  There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines.  The lines can be traced back to where they branch off.  These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it.  This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ancestors.  Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational phylogenetics are now very commonly used in the generation of cladograms, either on their own or in combination with morphology. A Darwinian Demon is a hypothetical organism which can maximize all aspects of fitness simultaneously and would exist if the evolution of species was entirely unconstrained.  It is named for Charles Darwin.  Such organisms would reproduce directly after being born, produce infinitely many offspring, and live indefinitely.  Even though no such organisms exist, biologists use Darwinian Demons in thought experiments to understand different life history strategies among different organisms.
Answer: L'Évolution créatrice