Question: Which diseases, commonly spread by oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse, are not discussed in Ugandan abstinence-only sex education?
Context: Abstinence-only sex education is a form of sex education that teaches not having sex outside of marriage.  It often excludes other types of sexual and reproductive health education, such as birth control and safe sex.  Comprehensive sex education, by contrast, covers the use of birth control and sexual abstinence. A Sex education curriculum is a sex education program encompassing the methods, materials, and assessments exercised to inform individuals of the issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, birth control, and other aspects of human sexual behavior.  Common sex education curricula include an abstinence-only approach, as well as a comprehensive approach, implemented in academia via the Internet, peer education, visual media, games, health care organizations, and school instruction. Sexual intercourse, or coitus or copulation, is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.  This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex.  Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers), and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo).  These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and commonly contribute to human bonding. Abstinence, be faithful, use a condom, also known as the ABC strategy or abstinence-plus sex education, also known as abstinence-based sex education, is a sex education policy based on a combination of "risk avoidance" and harm reduction which modifies the approach of abstinence-only sex education by including education about the value of partner reduction safe sex and birth control methods.  Abstinence-only sex education is strictly to promote the sexual abstinence until marriage, and does not teach about safe sex or contraceptives.  The abstinence-based sex education program is meant to stress abstinence and include information on safe sex practices.  In general terms, this strategy of sex education is a compromise between abstinence-only education and comprehensive sex education.  The ABC approach was developed in response to the growing epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and to prevent the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases .  This approach has been credited by some with the falling numbers of those infected with AIDS in Uganda, Kenya and Zimbabwe, among others.  From 1990 to 2001 the percentage of Ugandans living with AIDS fell from 15% to between 5 and 6%.  This fall is believed to result from the employment of the ABC approach, especially reduction in the number of sex partners, called "Zero-Grazing" in Uganda. Pam Stenzel (born 1965) is an American Christian speaker known for lecturing to young people about abstinence-only sex education.  She has been described as "one of the country’s most established abstinence-only lecturers," and speaks to more than half a million young people every year around the world. Uganda is one of the few Sub-Saharan African countries that has adopted abstinence-only sex education as an approach of sexual education that emphasizes abstinence from sexual intercourse until marriage as the only option.  Abstinence-only sex education does not include joint curriculum covering other options including safe sex practices, family planning, and is espoused as the only sure way to avoid pregnancy and Sexually transmitted infections. Uganda is commonly recognized as an exemplary case of lowering the rate of HIV prevalence Prevalence figures may have also been distorted by the lack of treatment, meaning that the percentage of infected is decreased by disproportionately early deaths.  Abstinence-only sex education has been implemented and supported for this cause to a large degree in Uganda, to some controversy.  Critics have questioned its effectiveness in lowering HIV/AIDS transmission.  They have also highlighted discrimination, gender inequality and social stigma as the outcomes of the program in Uganda. LGBT sex education refers to an educational program, most commonly found in schools, that addresses the sex education needs of LGBT individuals and covers topics related to homosexuality.  It is usually integrated into the general sex education courses (alongside heterosexual topics).  There is disagreement about whether LGBT sex education should be included in sex education curricula.  Advocates of LGBT sex education say that the inclusion of LGBT issues into sex education programs would reduce homophobic bullying, improve the health of LGBT people, and decrease instances of problems common in LGBT students such as depression and low self-esteem; opponents argue that LGBT sex education programs would force a political point of view on students, misuse tax money, and disrespect religious values.  As of 2014, only 5% of middle and high schoolers in the United States reported receiving "positive discussions of LGBT-related topics" within their health classes. Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sex, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex or oral sex.  Most STIs initially do not cause symptoms.  This results in a greater risk of passing the disease on to others.  Symptoms and signs of disease may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain.  STIs acquired before or during birth may result in poor outcomes for the baby.  Some STIs may cause problems with the ability to get pregnant. Sex education in the United States is taught in two main forms: comprehensive sex education and abstinence-only.  Comprehensive sex education covers abstinence as a choice option, but also informs adolescents about human sexuality, age of consent and the availability of contraception and techniques to avoid contraction of sexually transmitted infections.  Abstinence-only sex education emphasizes abstinence from sexual activity prior to marriage and rejects methods such as contraception.  The difference between the two approaches, and their impact on the behavior of adolescents, remains a controversial subject in the United States. Anal sex or anal intercourse is generally the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure.  Other forms of anal sex include fingering, the use of sex toys for anal penetration, oral sex performed on the anus (anilingus), and pegging.  Although the term "anal sex" most commonly means penile-anal penetration, sources sometimes use the term "anal intercourse" to refer exclusively to penile-anal penetration, and "anal sex" to refer to any form of anal sexual activity, especially between pairings as opposed to anal masturbation.
Answer: Sexually transmitted infections