Question: What opened as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States, Psychiatric Institute of Washington or St. Elizabeths Hospital?
Context: Winfred Overholser (1892 – October 6, 1964) was an American psychiatrist, president of the American Psychiatric Association, and for 25 years the superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital, a federal institution for the mentally ill in Washington, D.C. Loreta Janeta Velázquez (June 26, 1842 – 1923), was a Cuban-born woman who masqueraded as a male Confederate soldier during the American Civil War.  After her soldier husband's accidental death, she enlisted in the Confederate States Army in 1861.  She then fought at Bull Run, Ball's Bluff, and Fort Donelson, but was discharged when her gender was discovered while in New Orleans.  Undeterred, she reenlisted and fought at Shiloh, until unmasked once more.  She then became a Confederate spy, working in both male and female guises, and as a double agent also reporting to the U.S. Secret Service.  She remarried three more times, being widowed in each instance.  According to William C Davis, she died in January 1923 under the name Loretta J. Beard after many years away from the public eye in a public psychiatric facility, St. Elizabeths Hospital.  She spied on the Union for about 5 years. Visits to St Elizabeths is a poem by Elizabeth Bishop modelled on the English nursery rhyme "This is the house that Jack built".  The poem refers to the confinement between 1945 and 1958 of Ezra Pound in St Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C.  The nursery rhyme style gives an unusual effect to the strange or unsettling descriptions of a psychiatric hospital in the poem.  Likewise the poem treats Pound ambivalently describing him by turns as "honored", "brave", "cruel", and "wretched" among other things. The New York State Psychiatric Institute, located in the Columbia University Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, was established in 1895 as one of the first institutions in the United States to integrate teaching, research and therapeutic approaches to the care of patients with mental illnesses.  In 1925, the Institute affiliated with Presbyterian Hospital, now New York-Presbyterian Hospital, adding general hospital facilities to the Institute's psychiatric services and research laboratories. Douglass is a residential neighborhood in Southeast Washington, D.C., on the eastern side of St. Elizabeths Hospital, on the border of the Congress Heights Metro Station.  It is bounded by Suitland Parkway to the north and east, Alabama Avenue to the south, and the St. Elizabeths campus to the west. Congress Heights is an island platformed Washington Metro station in the Congress Heights neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.  The station was opened on January 13, 2001, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA).  Providing service for only the Green Line, the station is located at Alabama Avenue and 13th Street, lying under St. Elizabeths Hospital.  Congress Heights is the last Green Line station in the District of Columbia going southeast. St. Elizabeths Hospital opened in 1855 as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States.  Housing over 8,000 patients at its peak in the 1950s, the hospital at one point had a fully functioning medical-surgical unit, a school of nursing, and accredited internships and psychiatric residencies.  Its campus was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990. St. Brendan's Hospital was a psychiatric facility located in the north Dublin suburb of Grangegorman.  It formed part of the HSE mental health services of Dublin North East.  Its catchment area is North West Dublin.  Since the official opening of the Richmond Lunatic Asylum in 1815 the Grangegorman site has continuously provided institutional facilities for the reception of the mentally ill until the present day.  The majority of the buildings historically associated with the hospital have been either demolished, fallen into disrepair or closed down.  There are currently five wards still in use in the facility which are all situated in old buildings and which provide eighty-four beds for psychiatric patients.  In the 2008 "Report" of the Inspector of Mental Health Services it was recommended that acute admissions to the secure units 3A and 3B should cease due to their unsuitability and all admissions should be redirected to the new purpose built unit at Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, Dublin.  This new acute psychiatric unit was finally opened in Connolly Hospital on 29 November 2010 allowing for the commencement of the transfer of patients from St. Brendan's to Blanchardstown.  This is part of a process that will see all the old units at St. Brendan's retired as psychiatric facilities.  However, this does not signal the end of the use of the site for the provision of mental health services.  As part of the Grangegorman Development Plan, where a large portion of the site of the old hospital will be used to develop a new Dublin Institute of Technology campus, new modern psychiatric facilities are to be provided for the HSE mental health services for the region. The Psychiatric Institute of Washington (PIW) is an acute (104 bed) psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C. Opened in 1967, PIW is a short-term, private hospital.  It offers behavioral healthcare to patients suffering from mental and addictive illnesses, including children, adolescents, adults and the elderly.  Services offered by PIW include inpatient, partial and intensive outpatient hospitalization, and group treatment programs for substance abuse and addiction. Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry (also known as Somdet Chao Phraya Hospital and formerly as The Mental Hospital) is a psychiatric hospital located in the Thonburi area of Bangkok, Thailand.  Established as a mental asylum, the original building was designed by a British architect and supervised by the British physician Dr. Morden Carthew.  As the first psychiatric hospital and the second oldest hospital in Thailand, the hospital became well known for being the pioneer in the country for providing humane treatment of mentally ill patients.
Answer: St. Elizabeths Hospital