Question: Which battle in 1620 in Moldavia forced the Commonwealth to sign a truce favorable to Sweden?
Context: The Battle of Cecora (also known as the "Battle of Ţuţora/Tsetsora Fields") was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (aided by rebel Moldavian troops) and Ottoman forces (backed by Nogais), fought from 17 September to 7 October 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut River. Treaty of Khotyn (Chocim/Hotin), signed in the aftermath of the Battle of Khotyn (1621), ended the Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621).  This peace treaty resulted in no border change but Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth agreed to stop its interference in Moldavia.  Both sides claimed victory, as Commonwealth saw the battle of Khotyn as successfully stopping the Ottoman Empire's invasion of its mainland. The Battle of Baia (Romanian: "Bătălia de la Baia" ) was fought on December 15, 1467 between the Moldavian Prince, Stephen the Great and Hungarian King, Matthias Corvinus.  The battle was the last Hungarian attempt to subdue the independent Moldavia, as previous attempts had ended in failure.  Corvinus invaded Moldavia as a consequence of Stephen's annexation of Chilia—a fortress and harbour at the coast of the Black Sea, which at the time was controlled by Hungarian and Wallachian forces, though it had belonged to Moldavia centuries earlier. The Polish–Swedish War (1621–26) was another war in the series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire (see Polish–Swedish wars).  It began with a Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian fief of Livonia.  Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege.  The Commonwealth, occupied by a serious war with Ottoman Empire (battles of Cecora and Chocim) was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf, and was forced to sign a truce favorable to Sweden.  The Commonwealth was forced to cede Livonia north of the Dvina (Düna) river, and retained only a nominal control over Riga.  A new truce in Mitau (Jelgava, Mitawa) was signed and lasted from November 1622 to March 1625. The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called Thirteen Years' War, First Northern War, or the War for Ukraine, was a major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.  Between 1655 and 1660, the Second Northern War was also fought in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, thus this period became known in Poland as "The Deluge".  The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but regained its ground and won most of the battles.  However its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict.  Facing internal crisis and civil war, Poland was forced to sign a truce.  The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe. The Polish-Ottoman War (1620–21) or First Polish-Ottoman War was a conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia.  It ended with the Commonwealth withdrawing its claims on Moldavia. Doamna Elisabeta Movilă (fl.  1620) was a Princess consort of Moldavia by marriage to Ieremia Movilă.  She was regent in Moldavia in 1607–1611 on the behalf of her son Constantin I Movilă.  She was described as proud, ambitious, and beautiful. The Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11, also known as the Pruth River Campaign after the main event of the war, erupted as a consequence of the defeat of Sweden by the Russian Empire in the Battle of Poltava and the escape of the wounded Charles XII of Sweden and his large retinue to the Ottoman-held fortress of Bender.  Incessant Russian demands for Charles's eviction were met with refusal from Sultan Ahmed III, prompting Peter to attack the Ottoman Empire, which in its turn declared war on Russia on 20 November 1710.  Concurrently with these events, the Prince Dimitrie Cantemir of Moldavia and Peter the Great signed the Treaty of Lutsk (13 April 1711), by which Moldavia pledged to support Russia in its war against the Ottomans with troops and by allowing the Russian army to cross its territory and place garrisons in Moldavian fortresses.  After having gathered near the Moldavian capital Iași, the combined army started on 11 July the march southwards along the Prut River with the intention of crossing the Danube and invade the Balkan peninsula. The Treaty of Berwick (also known as the Peace of Berwick or the Pacification of Berwick) was signed on 18 June 1639 between England and Scotland.  Archibald Johnston was involved in the negotiations before King Charles was forced to sign the treaty.  The agreement, overall, officially ended the First Bishops' War even though both sides saw it only as a temporary truce.  After the treaty was signed, King Charles immediately began to gather the resources he needed in order to strengthen his armies.  At the beginning of the Second Bishops' War, the agreement was broken.  After a disastrous skirmish at Kelso between the English advance guard and the Scottish Covenanter Army, the Earl of Holland fled back to the king’s headquarters at Berwick-upon-Tweed.  The Earl of Antrim failed to establish negotiations in order to bring the Irish army over.  This, along with the unsuccessful English naval campaign at Hamilton, meant that Charles was forced to sign a truce.  He conceded to the Scots the right to a free church assembly and a free parliament.  These rights were asserted (with the right to keep the existing legal structure instead of a separate parliament) along with the extension to Scotland of The Bill of Rights (which set out the conditions and powers of a monarch) in the Treaty of Union, 1707, which united England and Wales with Scotland. The Truce of Ulm (German: "Waffenstillstand von Ulm" ) (also known as the Treaty of Ulm) was signed in Ulm on March 14, 1647 between France, Sweden, and Bavaria.  This truce was developed after France and Sweden invaded Bavaria during the Thirty Years' War.  Both invading nations forced Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, to conclude the truce and renounce his alliance with Emperor Ferdinand III.  However, Maximilian broke the truce and returned to his alliance with Ferdinand in the autumn of 1647.
Answer: Battle of Cecora