Question: What country of origin does Vichy France and Philippe Pétain have in common?
Context: Anti-Jewish laws were enacted by the Vichy France government in 1940 and 1941 affecting metropolitan France and its overseas territories during World War II.  These laws were, in fact, decrees of head of state Marshal Philippe Pétain, since Parliament was no longer in office as of none }} .  The motivation for the legislation was spontaneous and was not mandated by Germany.  These laws were declared null and void on 9 August 1944 after liberation and on the restoration of republican legality. Mount Pétain is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia on the Continental Divide.  It was named in 1918 after Marshal Philippe Pétain - at the time honored a war hero by Canadians as by other World War I Allies.  The name was retained despite the later reversal in Pétain's reputation after his having been Head of State of Vichy France. Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain (] ) or Marshal Pétain ("Maréchal Pétain"), was a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and later served as the Chief of State of Vichy France also known as Nationalist France or the French State "(Chef de l'État Français)", from 1940 to 1944.  Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.  Today, he is considered the French equivalent to his contemporary Quisling in Norway.  Because of his outstanding military leadership in World War I, particularly during the Battle of Verdun, Pétain was viewed as a national hero in France and was not executed.  He was sometimes nicknamed "The Lion of Verdun". The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (French: "Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme" , or simply "Légion des volontaires français", LVF) was a collaborationist French militia founded on 8 July 1941.  It gathered various collaborationist parties, including Marcel Bucard's "Mouvement Franciste", Marcel Déat's National Popular Rally, Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party, Eugène Deloncle's Social Revolutionary Movement, Pierre Clémenti's French National-Collectivist Party and Pierre Costantini's French League.  It had no formal link with the Vichy regime, even though it was recognized as an "association of public usefulness" by Pierre Laval's government in February 1943.  Philippe Pétain, head of state of Vichy France, personally disapproved of Frenchmen wearing German uniforms and never went beyond individual and informal words of support to some specific officers. Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947) was a French politician.  He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905.  Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940.  He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937.  In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance.  On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France.  For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France.  In 1945 he joined the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD). Vichy France (French: "Régime de Vichy" ) is the common name of the French State ("État français") headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.  It represented the unoccupied "Free Zone" ("zone libre") in the southern part of metropolitan France and French North Africa. Eugénie Pétain (5 October 1877 - 30 January 1962) was the wife of the French military commander and political leader Philippe Pétain and was first lady of Vichy France which he ruled between 1940 and 1944. The Vichy regime, proclaimed by Marshal Philippe Pétain after the Fall of France in 1940 before Nazi Germany, was quickly recognized by the Allies, as well as by the USSR, until 30 June 1941 and Operation Barbarossa.  However, Vichy France broke with the United Kingdom after the destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir.  Canada maintained diplomatic relations until the occupation of Southern France (Case Anton) by Germany and Italy in November 1942. The Riom Trial (French: "Procès de Riom" ; 19 February 1942 – 21 May 1943) was an attempt by the Vichy France regime, headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain, to prove that the leaders of the French Third Republic (1870–1940) had been responsible for France's defeat by Germany in 1940.  The trial was held in the city of Riom in central France, and had mainly political aims – namely to project the responsibility of defeat onto the leaders of the left-wing Popular Front government that had been elected 3 May 1936. The zone libre (] , "free zone") was a partition of the French metropolitan territory during World War II, established at the Second Armistice at Compiègne on 22 June 1940.  It lay to the south of the demarcation line and was administered by the French government of Marshal Philippe Pétain based in Vichy, in a relatively unrestricted fashion.  To the north lay the "zone occupée" ("occupied zone") in which the powers of Vichy France were severely limited.
Answer: French