Question: Gerald William Heaney, served for nearly forty years as a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, and was an organizer for several liberal Democratic politicians, including which former   American politician, poet, and a long-time Congressman from Minnesota?
Context: Lucy Haeran Koh (born 1968) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and is a former nominee to be a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.  She is the first Asian American United States district court judge in the Northern District of California, the first district court judge of Korean descent in the United States, the first female Korean American Article III judge, and the second Korean American federal judge, after Herbert Choy of the Ninth Circuit. Pepper v. United States, 562 U.S. 476 (2011), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States concerning whether a United States District Court properly handled the sentencing of a former methamphetamine dealer.  He was originally sentenced to 24 months in prison, far shorter than what federal guidelines generally specify for crimes of that nature.  Prosecutors appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, which remanded the case back to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, which affirmed the original sentence after testimony relating the defendant's rehabilitation.  The case was appealed to the Eighth Circuit again, and was again remanded.  A different District Court judge gave him a 65-month sentence.  The defendant then brought the case back to the Eighth Circuit, which confirmed the later ruling, and to then to the Supreme Court.  Sonia Sotomayor wrote the opinion of the court, which ruled in favor of the defendant. Raymond Joseph Lohier Jr. (born December 1, 1965) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York.  He was the chief of the securities and commodities fraud task force in the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney's office.  He was recommended by Sen. Charles Schumer for the nomination to the seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit that was vacated by Sonia Sotomayor when she was elevated to the Supreme Court of the United States.  Lohier is the first Haitian American to serve as an Article III Federal Judge and to be confirmed (unanimously) by the United States Senate as a Judge for the Second Circuit in New York. Morris Sheppard Arnold (born October 8, 1941), sometimes known as Buzz Arnold, is a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.  A Republican, he was appointed to the appeals court by U.S. President George Herbert Walker Bush.  His tenure began on June 1, 1992.  For his first twelve years, until 2004, he served on the court alongside his older brother, Richard S. Arnold, a Democrat appointed by President Jimmy Carter.  Richard Arnold died of an infection while he was afflicted with long-term lymphoma.  Because of new federal nepotism rules, two brothers are unlikely to serve again simultaneously on the same federal court in the future.  He served as judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review from 2008 to 2013. Gerald William Heaney (January 29, 1918 – June 22, 2010) served for nearly forty years as a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, from his appointment by President Lyndon B. Johnson in November 1966 until his full retirement in August 2006.  Heaney’s career in public service began in 1941, upon graduation from law school.  He soon enlisted in the United States Army, volunteered for the U.S. Rangers, and soon became a second lieutenant in the 2nd Ranger Battalion.  Heaney’s endurance as a judge was foretold by his endurance as a Ranger; of the hundreds of members of the Second Ranger Battalion who landed at Normandy on the early hours of D-Day, Heaney was one of only three still on the front lines with the Rangers on VE Day.  Between the end of World War II and his appointment to the federal bench, he rewrote the Free State of Bavaria’s labor laws, and was a valued political advisor and organizer for several liberal Democratic politicians, including Hubert Humphrey, Adlai Stevenson, Orville Freeman, Eugene McCarthy, and Walter Mondale.  As an appellate court judge, Heaney typically favored broad interpretations of the Bill of Rights and civil rights, labor and employment rights statutes. Eugene Joseph McCarthy (March 29, 1916December 10, 2005) was an American politician, poet, and a long-time Congressman from Minnesota.  He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the United States Senate from 1959 to 1971.  McCarthy sought the Democratic nomination in the 1968 presidential election, challenging incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson on an anti-Vietnam War platform.  McCarthy would unsuccessfully seek the presidency five times altogether. Lavenski R. "Vence" Smith (born October 31, 1958) is an American judge, who is the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.  He previously served as an Arkansas state judge, and has been a federal judge since 2002. Martin Donald Van Oosterhout (October 10, 1900 – January 28, 1979) was a legislator and state court judge in northwestern Iowa, and a United States federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. James Alger Fee (September 24, 1888 – August 25, 1959) was a United States federal judge from Oregon.  He served as a federal district court judge in Portland, Oregon, and as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in the 1950s.  A veteran of the U.S. Army, his first judicial position was with the Oregon Circuit Court.  While a federal judge he made national news for his decision during World War II regarding the application of the exclusion orders that had forced those of Japanese heritage from the West Coast. Shiro Kashiwa (October 24, 1912 – March 13, 1998) was the first Attorney General of Hawaii to be appointed after it became a state in 1959.  He served as a judge on the United States Court of Claims, then the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, D.C. from 1982 to 1986.  He was the first Federal judge of Japanese-American descent, the first Asian American judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and was a member of the Jōdo Shinshū sect of Buddhism.
Answer: Eugene McCarthy