Question: How far from England was the Action of 19 August 1916?
Context: HMS "Nottingham" was a Town-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy just before World War I.  She was one of three ships of the "Birmingham" sub-class and was completed in early 1914.  The ship was assigned to the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (LCS) of the Home and Grand Fleets for her entire career.  "Nottingham" participated in most of the early fleet actions, including the Battles of Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank, and Jutland, helping to sink several German ships during the battles.  The ship was sunk by the German submarine "U-52" during the Action of 19 August 1916. HMS "Falmouth" was a Town-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s.  She was one of four ships of the "Weymouth" sub-class.  The ship was initially assigned to the Atlantic Fleet upon completion in 1911, but was reduced to reserve in mid-1913.  When the First World War began in 1914, "Falmouth" was transferred to the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (LCS) of the Grand Fleet and then the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron at the end of the year.  The ship participated in most of the early fleet actions, including the Battles of Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank, and Jutland, but was only seriously engaged in the latter.  She was torpedoed and sunk off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire by German submarines during the Action of 19 August 1916. Dogger Bank (Dutch: "Doggersbank", German: "Doggerbank", Danish: "Doggerbanke") is a large sandbank in a shallow area of the North Sea about 100 km off the east coast of England. James Leytham (birth registered October→December 1879 – 20 August 1916) birth registered in Lancaster, was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s, 1900s, and 1910s, playing at representative level for Great Britain, England, and Lancashire, and at club level for Lancaster, and Wigan (captain), as a wing , i.e. number 2 (number 14 in a 15-player team) or 5 (number 11 in a 15-player team).  Leytham along with several members of his family died in a fishing accident in the River Lune Estuary, Morecambe Bay on Sunday 20 August 1916, his death was registered in Lancaster Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 5, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 5, was created on January 21, 1916, and mobilized on 21 August 1916, as one of the first fighter units of the "Luftstreitkräfte", the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I.  Many of the first pilots of the Jasta came out of KEK Avillers, itself an early attempt to organize and utilize fighter planes as winged weapons.  "Jasta 5" began its service career at Bechamp near Verdun, in support of 5 Armee.  On 29 September 1916, it moved to the Somme to the 1 Armee area of operations.  On 11 March 1917, Jasta 5 moved into Boistrancourt; it spent the next year operating from there, in support of the 2 Armee.  In March 1918, the Jasta was joined by Jasta 46 thus forming the beginning of Jagdgruppe 2; the new JG was commanded by Flashar, along with his command of the Jasta.  In July, command passed to Otto Schmidt; in August, it was joined in the JG by Jasta 34 and Jasta 37.  With approximately 253 victories at war's end, Jasta 5 had the third highest total of any squadron in the "Luftstreitkräfte".  Its casualties came to 19 pilots killed in action, 3 killed in flying accidents, 8 wounded in action, and 1 injured in an accident. The Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria or Army Group A (German: "Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern") was an Army Group of the German Army, which operated on the Western Front under command of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria , between 28 August 1916 and 11 November 1918 during World War I.  It was formed from the short-lived Army Group Gallwitz under Max von Gallwitz (19 July - 28 August 1916). The Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 is the name given to the armaments and economic policy begun in late 1916 by the Third "Oberste Heeresleitung" ("OHL", the German General Staff), Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff.  The two were appointed after the sacking of General Erich von Falkenhayn on 28 August 1916 and intended to double German industrial production, greatly to increase the output of munitions and weapons. HMS "Barham" was a "Queen Elizabeth"-class battleship built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s.  Often used as a flagship, she participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet.  For the rest of the First World War, except for the inconclusive Action of 19 August 1916, her service during the war generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. Lieutenant Eduard Martynovich Pulpe (22 June 1880 - 2 August 1916) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.  He was a schoolteacher engaged in post-graduate study in France when World War I broke out.  As he already held a civil pilot's license, he volunteered to serve in French military aviation.  His 1915 aerial victories were among the first ever recorded.  After running his score to four, he managed to return home to Russia in May 1916.  He was assigned to the 10th "Aviatsionniy Otryad Istrebitlei" (Fighter Aviation Detachment).  After becoming an ace on 1 July 1916, he was killed in action a month later.  On 2 August 1916, Eduard Pulpe ultimately lost a nearly hour-long air battle against three enemy aircraft. The Action of 19 August 1916 was one of two attempts made by the German High Seas Fleet in 1916 to engage elements of the British Royal Navy, following the mixed results of the Battle of Jutland in World War I.  The lesson of Jutland for Germany had been the vital need for reconnaissance, to avoid the unexpected arrival of the British Grand Fleet during a raid.  On this occasion four Zeppelins were deployed to scout the North Sea between Scotland and Norway for signs of British ships and four more scouted immediately ahead of German ships.  Twenty-four German submarines participated off the English coast, in the southern North Sea and off the Dogger Bank.
Answer: 100 km