Question: The polymath who described the Rufus snake-eel in 1810 was self-educated in what country?
Context: Sir Rex de Charembac Nan Kivell CMG (born Reginald Nankivell, 8 April 18987 June 1977) was a New Zealand-born British art collector, who was knighted on the recommendation of the government of Australia, a country he never visited, for the gift and sale to the National Library of Australia of his collection of books, paintings, prints, documents, manuscripts and artefacts relating to the history of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific.  He has been described as "an archetypal outsider – illegitimate, homosexual, self-educated and antipodean". The Freshwater snake-eel (Lamnostoma kampeni) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber and Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort in 1916.  It is a tropical, freshwater eel which is known from Asia and Oceania, including New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Philippines, and Vanuatu.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 41 centimetres. The Fringelip snake-eel (Cirrhimuraena playfairii) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by Albert Günther in 1870.  It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including Zanzibar, Tanzania, Kosi Bay, South Africa, and the Hawaiian Islands.  Its lifestyle is mostly benthic but it sometimes swims at the surface.  It is olive brown in colour, with lighter colouring in the ventral region.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 39 cm . Cirrhimuraena calamus, known commonly as the Fringed-lipped snake-eel or the Fringelip snake eel, is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by Albert Günther in 1870.  It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel which is endemic to western Australia, in the eastern Indian Ocean.  It forms burrows in the soft bottoms of inshore waters. The Rufus snake-eel (Ophichthus rufus) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810, originally under the genus "Echelus".  It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, including Algeria, Albania, Croatia, Egypt, France, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Israel, Montenegro, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Monaco, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Turkey.  It inhabits mud sediments on the continental shelf.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 60 cm . Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840), was a nineteenth-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France.  He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America.  He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe. The saddled snake-eel ("Leiuranus semicinctus", also known commonly as the halfbanded snake-eel, the banded snake eel, or the culverin) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by George Tradescant Lay and Edward Turner Bennett in 1839, originally under the genus "Ophisurus".  It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific and southeastern Atlantic Ocean, including East and South Africa, the Hawaiian Islands, the Marquesan Islands, the Mangaréva islands, Japan, and Australia.  It dwells at a depth range of 0 to , most often around 0 to , and inhabits lagoons and reefs, in which it forms burrows in beds of seagrass and sandy areas.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 66 cm . The fangtooth snake-eel ("Aplatophis chauliodus"), also known as the tusky eel in Cuba and the United States, is an eel in the family Ophichthidae.  It was described by James Erwin Böhlke in 1956.  It is a marine, tropical eel known from the western Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico and French Guiana.  It dwells at a depth range of 33 - , and dwells in both marine waters and brackish estuaries.  It inhabits burrows on a permanent or semipermanent basis, and leaves its eyes and snout exposed.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 84 cm .  The fangtooth snake-eel's diet consists of bony fish and crustaceans. The Ordinary eel (Ethadophis byrnei, also known as the Ordinary snake-eel) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by Richard Heinrich Rosenblatt and John E. McCosker.  It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from a single specimen collected from a sandbank in the Gulf of California, in the eastern central Pacific Ocean, during low tide.  From the holotype, it is known to reach a total length of 51 cm . The smiling snake-eel (Ichthyapus selachops, also known as the smiling sand eel) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels).  It was described by David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert in 1882, originally under the genus "Apterichthys".  It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the eastern central and southeastern Pacific Ocean, including Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Mexico.  It dwells at a maximum depth of 30 m , and inhabits sediments of sand.  Males can reach a maximum total length of 41 cm .
Answer: France