Question: Robert Crandall, called an industry legend by observers, is responsible for coining what term, regarding a pricing strategy, based on understanding, anticipating and influencing consumer behavior in order to maximize revenue or profits from a fixed, time-limited resource?
Context: Robert Lloyd "Bob" Crandall (born December 6, 1935 in Westerly, Rhode Island) is an American businessman who is the former president and chairman of American Airlines.  Called an industry legend by airline industry observers, Crandall has been the subject of several books and is a member of the Hall of Honor of the Conrad Hilton college. Micael Dahlén (born 18 June 1973) is an author, public speaker and Professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden.  His award-winning research within marketing, creativity and consumer behavior has been published in four books and numerous journal articles.  Dahlén's books have reached a global audience, rights being sold to countries such as the U.S, U.K, Germany, South Korea, Russia and Brazil.  In 2013 Dahlén stated in an interview that he was writing a novel. Premium pricing (also called image pricing or prestige pricing) the practice of keeping the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price.  The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinction.  A premium pricing strategy involves setting the price of a product higher than similar products.  This strategy is sometimes also called skim pricing because it is an attempt to “skim the cream” off the top of the market.  It is used to maximize profit in areas where customers are happy to pay more, where there are no substitutes for the product, where there are barriers to entering the market or when the seller cannot save on costs by producing at a high volume. Price Intelligence (or "Competitive Price Monitoring") refers to the awareness of market-level pricing intricacies and the impact on business, typically using modern data mining techniques.  It is differentiated from other pricing models by the extent and accuracy of the competitive pricing analysis.  The technique can be applied by companies seeking to optimize their own pricing strategy relative to their competition, or by buyers seeking to optimize their purchasing strategies. Yield management is a variable pricing strategy, based on understanding, anticipating and influencing consumer behavior in order to maximize revenue or profits from a fixed, time-limited resource (such as airline seats or hotel room reservations or advertising inventory).  As a specific, inventory-focused branch of revenue management, yield management involves strategic control of inventory to sell it to the right customer at the right time for the right price.  This process can result in price discrimination, in which customers consuming identical goods or services are charged different prices.  Yield management is a large revenue generator for several major industries; Robert Crandall, former Chairman and CEO of American Airlines, gave yield management its name and has called it "the single most important technical development in transportation management since we entered deregulation." Variable pricing is a pricing strategy for products.  Traditional examples include auctions, stock markets, foreign exchange markets, bargaining, electricity, and discounts.  More recent examples, driven in part by reduced transaction costs using modern information technology, include yield management and some forms of congestion pricing.  Increasingly, sport venues, such as AT&T Park in San Francisco, have employed variable pricing to capture the most revenue possible out of consumers and fans. Brand awareness refers to the extent to which customers are able to "recall" or "recognise" a brand.  Brand awareness is a key consideration in consumer behavior, advertising management, brand management and strategy development.  The consumer's ability to recognise or recall a brand is central to purchasing decision-making.  Purchasing cannot proceed unless a consumer is first aware of a product category and a brand within that category.  Awareness does not necessarily mean that the consumer must be able to recall a specific brand name, but he or she must be able to recall sufficient distinguishing features for purchasing to proceed.  For instance, if a consumer asks her friend to buy her some gum in a "blue pack", the friend would be expected to know which gum to buy, even though neither friend can recall the precise brand name at the time. Revealed preference theory, pioneered by American economist Paul Samuelson, is a method of analyzing choices made by individuals, mostly used for comparing the influence of policies on consumer behavior.  These models assume that the preferences of consumers can be revealed by their purchasing habits.  Revealed preference theory came about because existing theories of consumer demand were based on a diminishing marginal rate of substitution (MRS).  This diminishing MRS relied on the assumption that consumers make consumption decisions to maximize their utility.  While utility maximization was not a controversial assumption, the underlying utility functions could not be measured with great certainty.  Revealed preference theory was a means to reconcile demand theory by defining utility functions by observing behavior. Dynamic pricing, also referred to as surge pricing, demand pricing, or time-based pricing is a pricing strategy in which businesses set flexible prices for products or service based on current market demands.  Businesses are able to change prices based on algorithms that take into account competitor pricing, supply and demand, and other external factors in the market.  Dynamic pricing is a common practice in several industries such as hospitality, travel, entertainment, retail, electricity, and public transport.  Each industry takes a slightly different approach to repricing based on its needs and the demand for the product. Revenue management is the application of disciplined analytics that predict consumer behaviour at the micro-market level and optimize product availability and price to maximize revenue growth.  The primary aim of revenue management is selling the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price and with the right pack.  The essence of this discipline is in understanding customers' perception of product value and accurately aligning product prices, placement and availability with each customer segment.
Answer: Yield management