Question: Who awarded a lifetime pension in 1884 to the composer of the Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem?
Context: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe, usually known just as the Wilhelmus (Dutch: "Het Wilhelmus" ; ] ; English translation: the "William"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.  It dates back to at least 1572, making it the oldest known national anthem in the world.  The national anthem of Japan, Kimigayo, has the oldest lyrics, dating from the 9th century.  However, a melody was added only in the late 19th century, making it a poem rather than an anthem for most of its lifespan.  Although the "Wilhelmus" was not recognised as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status.  It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964. The Inno Nazionale is the national anthem of the Republic of San Marino.  It was written by Federico Consolo, an Italian violinist and composer, and replaced Giubilanti d'amore fraterno as the national anthem in 1894.  This national anthem is one of a few without official lyrics (along with Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo), and is therefore simply called "Inno Nazionale" (Italian: "National anthem" ).  Although it is little known and scarcely heard within the wider European Community, the Inno Nazionale is regularly played in the streets of San Marino City by the musicians of the Military Ensemble during national and religious festivals. The current National Anthem of the Republic of China () was adopted in 1937; previously, the Song to the Auspicious Cloud was used as the official anthem.  The current national anthem remains as the national anthem of the Republic of China government in Taiwan.  In mainland China, the anthem serves a historical role.  The national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the "March of the Volunteers". The Year 1812, festival overture in E♭ major, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture, is an overture written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to commemorate Russia's defence of its motherland against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée in 1812. The oldest national anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism", is the Dutch national anthem "Het Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572, but not then given any official status.  The first anthem to be officially proclaimed as such was "God Save The Queen", adopted by Great Britain in 1745.  "Het Wilhelmus" was declared the national anthem of the Netherlands in 1932; both of these anthems remain in use today.  A royal or imperial anthem is a song that is similar in patriotic character to a national anthem, but which specifically praises a monarch, or royal dynasty.  Some states have doubled their royal or imperial anthem as their national anthem. During his time at the Moscow Conservatoire, around September 1866 the school's principal, Nikolay Rubinstein commissioned Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to compose a Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem to be played for the visit of the Tsarevich (heir to the throne) to Moscow, accompanied by his new Danish bride, Princess Dagmar of Denmark.  The Tsarrevich would eventually be crowned Tsar Alexander III of Russia and remain a devoted follower of Tchaikovsky's music, awarding the composer both the Order of St. Vladimir (Fourth Class) in 1884 and a state pension in 1885. Russian Easter Festival Overture: Overture on Liturgical Themes (Russian: Светлый праздник, "Svetliy prazdnik" ), Op.  36, also known as the Great Russian Easter Overture, is a concert overture written by the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov between August 1887 and April 1888.  It was dedicated to the memories of Modest Mussorgsky and Alexander Borodin, two members of the group of composers known in English as "The Five".  It is the last of what many call his three most exceptionally brilliant orchestral works, preceded by "Capriccio Espagnol" and "Scheherazade".  The work received its premiere at a Russian symphony concert in St. Petersburg in late December 1888. Roger L. Eddy (born 1958) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 109th district from 2003 to 2012.  Roger Eddy retired from the Illinois House of Representatives on March 28, 2012 at the age of 53 years to run the Illinois Association of School Boards.  He will receive a salary of at least $250,000 per year .  His pension from the Illinois Teacher's Retirement System will double to $141,000 .  In 2014, Eddy will start collecting a lifetime pension of $24,000 from the Illinois Legislature . "E Ola Ke Aliʻ i Ke Akua", translated as "God Save the King", was one of Hawaii's four national anthems.  It was composed in 1860 by Prince William Charles Lunalilo, who later became King Lunalilo.  Prior to 1860, the Kingdom of Hawaii lacked its own national anthem and had used the British royal anthem "God Save The King".  A contest was sponsored in 1860 by Kamehameha IV, who wanted a song with Hawaiian lyrics set to the tune of the British anthem.  The winning entry was written by the 25-year-old Lunalilo and was reputed to have been written in 20 minutes.  Lunalilo was awarded 10 dollars, which later donated to the Queen's Hospital.  His composition became Hawaii's first national anthem.  It remained Hawaii's national anthem until 1866, when it was replaced by Queen Liliʻ uokalani's composition "He Mele Lahui Hawaii". Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ; Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский ; 25 April/7 May 1840 – 25 October/6 November 1893), often anglicized as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire.  He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States.  Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884, by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.
Answer: Emperor Alexander III