Question: Who wrote an opera based on the life of a man elected archon in 493 BC?
Context: Thémistocle ("Themistocles") is an opera by the French composer François-André Danican Philidor, first performed at Fontainebleau on 13 October 1785.  It transferred to the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris (the Paris Opera) on 23 May 1786.  It takes the form of a "tragédie lyrique" in three acts.  The libretto, by Étienne Morel de Chédeville, is based on the life of the ancient Greek statesman Themistocles. Themistocles ( ; Greek: Θεμιστοκλῆς "Themistoklẽs"; "Glory of the Law"; c. 524–459 BC) was an Athenian politician and general.  He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy.  As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility.  Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career.  During the first Persian invasion of Greece he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) and was possibly one of the ten Athenian "strategoi" (generals) in that battle. Histiaeus (Ancient Greek: Ἱστιαῖος , died 493 BC), the son of Lysagoras, was the tyrant of Miletus in the late 6th century BC. Year 493 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.  At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Auruncus and Viscellinus (or, less frequently, year 261 "Ab urbe condita").  The denomination 493 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. The Aventine Triad (also referred to as the plebeian Triad or the agricultural Triad) is a modern term for the joint cult of the Roman deities Ceres, Liber and Libera.  The cult was established ca. 493 BC within a sacred district "(templum)" on or near the Aventine Hill, traditionally associated with the Roman "plebs".  Later accounts describe the temple building and rites as "Greek" in style.  Some modern historians describe the Aventine Triad as a plebeian parallel and self-conscious antithesis to the archaic Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus and the later Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Minerva and Juno.  The Aventine Triad, temple and associated "ludi" (games and theatrical performances) served as a focus of plebeian identity, sometimes in opposition to Rome's original ruling elite, the patricians. The Latin War was a war fought between the Roman Republic and the Latin League from 498 BC to 493 BC. Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (died 493 BC), sometimes called Menenius Agrippa, was a consul of the Roman Republic in 503 BC, with Publius Postumius Tubertus.  He was victorious over the Sabines and was awarded a triumph which he celebrated on 4 April, 503 BC.  According to Livy, he also led Roman troops against the Latin town of Pometia. Coriolano: eroe senza patria (English Translation: Coriolanus: "Hero without a Country") is a 1963 Italian historical drama film set in Rome in 493 BC.  The plot is an adaptation of the Roman legend about the general who won great victories for the Romans over their enemies the Volscians, but was then forced into exile by his political enemies at home. The Ionian Revolt, and associated revolts in Aeolis, Doris, Cyprus and Caria, were military rebellions by several Greek regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 BC to 493 BC.  At the heart of the rebellion was the dissatisfaction of the Greek cities of Asia Minor with the tyrants appointed by Persia to rule them, along with the individual actions of two Milesian tyrants, Histiaeus and Aristagoras.  The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia around 540 BC, and thereafter were ruled by native tyrants, nominated by the Persian satrap in Sardis.  In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, launched a joint expedition with the Persian satrap Artaphernes to conquer Naxos, in an attempt to bolster his position.  The mission was a debacle, and sensing his imminent removal as tyrant, Aristagoras chose to incite the whole of Ionia into rebellion against the Persian king Darius the Great. Cardia (in Greek Kαρδία), anciently the chief town of the Thracian Chersonese (today Gallipoli peninsula), was situated at the head of the Gulf of Melas (today the Gulf of Saros).  It was originally a colony of the Milesians and Clazomenians; but subsequently, in the time of Miltiades (late 6th century BC), the place also received Athenian colonists, as proved by Miltiades tyranny (515–493 BC).  But this didn't make Cardia necessarily always pro-Athenian: when in 357 BC Athens took control of the Chersonese, the latter, under the rule of a Thracian prince, was the only city to remain neutral; but the decisive year was 352 BC when the city concluded a treaty of amity with king Philip II of Macedonia.  A great crisis exploded when Diopeithes, an Athenian mercenary captain, had in 343 BC brought Attic settlers to the town; and since Cardia was unwilling to receive them, Philip immediately sent help to the town.  The king proposed to settle the dispute between the two cities by arbitration, but Athens refused.  The town was destroyed by Lysimachus about 309 BC , and although it was afterwards rebuilt, it never again rose to any degree of prosperity, as Lysimachia, which was built in its vicinity and peopled with the inhabitants of Cardia, became the chief town in that neighbourhood.  Cardia was the birthplace of Alexander's secretary Eumenes and of the historian Hieronymus.
Answer: François-André Danican Philidor