Question: Irish spiritualist, Geraldine Cummins, practiced in the realm of mediating communication between the spirts of the dead and what?
Context: The National Spiritualist Association of Churches (NSAC) is one of the oldest and largest of the national Spiritualist church organizations in the United States.  The NSAC was formed as the National Spiritualist Association of the United States of America (NSA) in September 1893, during a three-day convention in Chicago, Illinois.  Although American Spiritualists had previously tended to resist institutional or denominational organization, early NSA leaders hoped organization would help promote the truths of the religion both spiritually and practically.  Organization could help non-Spiritualists distinguish genuine mediumship from the rapidly proliferating varieties of fraudulent mediumship, increase communication among Spiritualists, prevent the legal prosecution of spirit mediums under fortune telling and medical licensing laws, and counterattacks by "orthodox" ministers in the press.  To these reasons, early leaders added the material support of spirit mediums and healers, just as other religious groups provided for the support of their clergy. Geraldine Dorothy Cummins (1890–1969) was an Irish spiritualist medium, novelist and playwright.  She began her career as a creative writer, but increasingly concentrated on mediumship and "channelled" writings, mostly about the lives of Jesus and Saint Paul, though she also published on a range of other topics. Kathleen Goligher (born 1898) was an Irish spiritualist medium.  Goligher was endosed by engineer William Jackson Crawford who wrote three books about her mediumship but was exposed as a fraud by physicist Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe in 1921. In mass communication, the Hierarchy of Influences, formally known as the Hierarchical Influences Model, is an organized theoretical framework introduced by Pamela Shoemaker & Stephen D. Reese.  It comprises five levels of influence on media content from the macro to micro levels: social systems, social institutions, media organizations, routine practices, and individuals.  This framework was introduced in their book "Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content". Kevin Cummins (born 1946 in Ballinlough, Cork) is a former Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club Blackrock and was a member of the Cork minor hurling team in the 1960s.  Cummins captained Cork to the All-Ireland title at minor level in 1964.  He is the brother of Brendan and Ray Cummins, who both went on to play for Cork at senior level in the 1970s.  While in University College Cork - 1966/1970 - he won a Fitzgibbon Cup medal for inter-varsity hurling.  He was a member of the teaching staff of Coláiste Chríost Rí, Cork - a boys' secondary school in Cork City - from 1970 to 1996 and gained a reputation as a successful football coach, winning numerous Munster and All-Ireland titles with the college.  On leaving teaching in 1996 he joined his brother, Brendan, in the family business, Cummins Sports Ltd. and is managing director. Face-2-face interaction (less often, face-to-face communication or face-to-face discourse) is a concept in sociology, linguistics, media and communication studies describing social interaction carried out without any mediating technology.  Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.  Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one's lifetime.  Similarly it is also central to the development of various groups and organizations composed of those individuals. Hester Dowden (1868–1949), or Hester Travers Smith, was an Irish spiritualist medium who is most notable for having claimed to contact the spirits of Oscar Wilde, William Shakespeare and other writers.  Dowden's spirit-communications were published by various authors.  She wrote "Voices from the Void" (1919), an account of her life as a medium, and "Psychic Messages from Oscar Wilde" (1923). Dr. O'Dowd is a 1940 British drama film directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Sam Sax for Warner Bros and starring Shaun Glenville, Peggy Cummins, Felix Aylmer and Irene Handl.  Set in Ireland, it focuses on Marius O'Dowd, an Irish doctor, who works to restore his relationship with his son after his daughter-in-law dies under O'Dowd's care.  The film was the onscreen debut for Peggy Cummins, who was only thirteen at the time.  It was well received by critics, and Cummins' role was the subject of particular praise.  The film is currently missing from the BFI National Archive, and is listed as one of the British Film Institute's "75 Most Wanted" lost films. Mediation in Marxist theory (German: "Vermittlung" ) refers to the reconciliation of two opposing forces within a given society (i.e. the cultural and material realms, or the superstructure and base) by a mediating object.  Similar to this, within media studies the central mediating factor of a given culture is the medium of communication itself.  The popular conception of mediation refers to the reconciliation of two opposing parties by a third, and this is similar to its meaning in both Marxist theory and media studies.  For Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this mediating factor is capital or alternately labor, depending on how one views capitalist society (capital is the dominant mediating factor, but labor is another mediating factor that could overthrow capital as the most important one). Mediumship is the practice of certain people—known as mediums—to purportedly mediate communication between spirits of the dead and living human beings.  There are different types of "mediumship" including spirit channeling, and ouija.
Answer: living human beings