Question: René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke, better known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist, "widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets", writing in both verse and highly lyrical prose, these deeply existential themes tend to position him as a transitional figure between the traditional and which philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Context: Letters to a Young Poet (original title, in German: Briefe an einen jungen Dichter) is a collection of ten letters written by Bohemian-Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) to Franz Xaver Kappus (1883–1966), a 19-year-old officer cadet at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt.  Rilke, the son of an Austrian army officer, had studied at the academy's lower school at Sankt Pölten in the 1890s.  Kappus corresponded with the popular poet and author from 1902 to 1908 seeking his advice as to the quality of his poetry, and in deciding between a literary career or a career as an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army.  Kappus compiled and published the letters in 1929—three years after Rilke's death from leukemia. The name Rilke is often associated with Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926), Bohemian-Austrian poet ("Duino Elegies", "Sonnets to Orpheus"). Rainer Maria is a three piece emo band from Madison, Wisconsin, later residing in Brooklyn, New York, originally active from 1995 to 2006.  Named after the German-language poet Rainer Maria Rilke, Caithlin De Marrais, Kaia Fischer and William Kuehn formed the band in late summer of 1995.  They released five full-length albums, a live DVD, numerous live recordings, and EPs.  In its earlier days, the band had a dual male and female vocal line-up; later, De Marrais would become the lead vocalist in a majority of their songs.  The gender ambiguity of the name Rainer Maria paralleled this and was one of the reasons it was selected as the band's name. Erika Mitterer (1906–2001) was an Austrian writer.  When she was 18, in 1924, she began writing poems to Rainer Maria Rilke, who wrote back with approximately fifty poems of his own, and called her verse a "Herzlandschaft" (landscape of the heart).  She wrote about 117 poems to him in all.  This was the only time Rilke had a productive poetic collaboration throughout all his work.  She also visited Rilke.  When she was 24 her first volume of poems was published; it was well-received, and Stefan Zweig called her "a great poet".  During the time of Nazi Germany she wrote for the periodical "Das innere Reich", and also published the novel "The Prince of Darkness".  In 1950 her "Correspondence in Verse" with Rilke was published, and received much praise.  In 1992 a documentary about her, titled "Ericka Mitterer, Das Videoportrait: Dank des Lebens" was made. New Poems (German: Neue Gedichte ) is a two-part collection of poems written by Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926).  The first volume, dedicated to Elisabeth and Karl von der Heydt was composed from 1902 to 1907 and was published in the same year by Insel Verlag in Leipzig.  The second volume (New Poems: The Other Part), dedicated to Auguste Rodin, was completed in 1908 and published by the same publisher.  With the exception of eight poems written in Capri, Rilke composed most of them in Paris and Meudon.  At the start of each volume he placed, respectively, Früher Apollo (Early Apollo) and Archaïscher Torso Apollos (Archaic Torso of Apollo), poems about sculptures of the poet-God. The Duino Elegies (German: "Duineser Elegien" ) are a collection of ten elegies written by the Bohemian-Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926).  Rilke, who is "widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets," began writing the elegies in 1912 while a guest of Princess Marie von Thurn und Taxis (1855–1934) at Duino Castle, near Trieste on the Adriatic Sea.  The poems, 859 lines long in total, were dedicated to the Princess upon their publication in 1923.  During this ten-year period, the elegies languished incomplete for long stretches of time as Rilke suffered frequently from severe depression—some of which was caused by the events of World War I and being conscripted into military service.  Aside from brief episodes of writing in 1913 and 1915, Rilke did not return to the work until a few years after the war ended.  With a sudden, renewed inspiration—writing in a frantic pace he described as a "boundless storm, a hurricane of the spirit"—he completed the collection in February 1922 while staying at Château de Muzot in Veyras, in Switzerland's Rhone Valley.  After their publication in 1923 and Rilke's death in 1926, the "Duino Elegies" were quickly recognized by critics and scholars as his most important work. The Book of Hours (German: Das Stunden-Buch ) is a collection of poetry by the Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926).  The collection was written between 1899 and 1903 in three parts, and first published in Leipzig by Insel Verlag in April 1905.  With its dreamy, melodic expression and neo-Romantic mood, it stands, along with 'The Lay of the Love and Death of Christoph Cornet', as the most important of his early works. The Sonnets to Orpheus (German: Die Sonette an Orpheus ) are a cycle of 55 sonnets written in 1922 by the Bohemian-Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926).  It was first published the following year.  Rilke, who is "widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets," wrote the cycle in a period of three weeks experiencing what he described a "savage creative storm."  Inspired by the news of the death of Wera Ouckama Knoop (1900–1919), a playmate of Rilke's daughter Ruth, he dedicated them as a memorial, or "Grab-Mal " (literally "grave-marker"), to her memory. René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926)—better known as Rainer Maria Rilke (] )—was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist, "widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets", writing in both verse and highly lyrical prose.  Several critics have described Rilke's work as inherently "mystical".  His writings include one novel, several collections of poetry, and several volumes of correspondence in which he invokes haunting images that focus on the difficulty of communion with the ineffable in an age of disbelief, solitude, and profound anxiety.  These deeply existential themes tend to position him as a transitional figure between the traditional and the modernist writers. Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I.  Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.
Answer: Modernism