Question: Which of the two Soviet mathematicians was born first, Alexander Gelfond or Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov?
Context: Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (Russian: Александр Васильевич Александров , "Aleksandr Vasilevich Aleksandrov") (13 April [O.S. 1 April] 1883 – 8 July 1946) was a Russian Soviet composer, the founder of the Alexandrov Ensemble, who wrote the music for the State Anthem of the Soviet Union, which, in 2000, became the national anthem of Russia (with new lyrics).  During his career, he also worked as a professor of the Moscow State Conservatory, and became a Doctor of Arts.  His work was recognized by the awards of the title of People's Artist of the USSR and the Stalin Prize. Alexander Osipovich Gelfond (Russian: Алекса́ндр О́сипович Ге́льфонд ; 24 October 1906 – 7 November 1968) was a Soviet mathematician.  Gelfond's theorem is named after him. In mathematical analysis, the Alexandrov theorem, named after Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, states that if U is an open subset of R and  "f" : "U" → R   is a convex function, then "f" has a second derivative almost everywhere. Giovanni Maria Fontana ("c"1670 – after 1712) was an Italian-Swiss architect, born in Lugano, who worked in Russia, on the invitation of Peter the Great, who assembled a team of European architects and artisans for the construction of St Petersburg during his grand tour in 1697 and 1698.  Among his most prominent commissions were those from Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, to build his various palaces, including the Oranienbaum, often working in tandem with Johann Gottfried Schädel. Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Алекса́ндров , alternative transliterations: "Alexandr" or "Alexander" (first name), and "Alexandrov" (last name)) (August 4, 1912 – July 27, 1999), was a Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer. Mir EO-2 (also called Mir Principal Expedition 2) was the second long duration expedition to the Soviet space station Mir, and it lasted from February to December 1987.  The mission was divided into two parts (sometimes called (a) and (b)), the division occurring when one of the two crew members, Aleksandr Laveykin, was replaced part way through the mission by Aleksandr Aleksandrov.  Laveykin was replaced because ground-based doctors had diagnosed him with minor heart problems. Alexander Grinberg (Александр Данилович Гринберг, Aleksandr Danilovich Grinberg) (1885–1979) was a Russian and Soviet photographer.  n 1908 he was awarded the silver medal in the all-Russian photo exhibition in Moscow and the gold medal in the international photo-exhibition in Dresden. The Alexandrov uniqueness theorem is a rigidity theorem in mathematics, describing three-dimensional convex polyhedra in terms of the distances between points on their surfaces.  It implies that convex polyhedra with distinct shapes from each other also have distinct metric spaces of surface distances, and it characterizes the metric spaces that come from the surface distances on polyhedra.  It is named after Soviet mathematician Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, who published it in the 1940s. Soyuz TM-3 was the third manned spacecraft to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz-T15 and Soyuz-TM2.  It was launched in July 1987, during the long duration expedition Mir EO-2, and acted as a lifeboat for the second segment of that expedition.  There were three people aboard the spacecraft at launch, including the two man crew of the week-long mission Mir EP-1, consisting of Soviet cosmonaut Alexander Viktorenko and Syrian Muhammed Faris.  Faris was the first Syrian to travel to space, and as of November 2010, the only one.  The third cosmonaut launched was Aleksandr Aleksandrov, who would replace one of the long duration crew members Aleksandr Laveykin of Mir EO-2.  Laveykin had been diagnosed by ground-based doctors to have minor heart problems, so he returned to Earth with the EP-1 crew in Soyuz TM-2. The theory of isometries in the framework of Banach spaces has its beginning in a paper by Stanisław Mazur and Stanisław M. Ulam in 1932.  They proved that each isometry of a normed real linear space onto a normed real linear space is a linear mapping up to translation.  In 1970, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov asked whether the existence of a single conservative distance for some mapping implies that it is an isometry.  Themistocles M. Rassias posed the following problem:
Answer: Alexander Osipovich Gelfond