Question:  Otto Stern is the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize behind a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in what?
Context: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, FRS ( ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Brian David Josephson, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 4 January 1940), is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge.  Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University.  Josephson is the only Welshman to have won a Nobel Prize in Physics.  He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling. Mohammad Abdus Salam {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'NI, SPk, KBE', '4': "} (Punjabi, Urdu: ‎ ; ] ; 29 January 192621 November 1996), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist.  A major figure in 20th century theoretical physics, he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for his contribution to the electroweak unification theory.  He was the first Pakistani and first Muslim to receive a Nobel Prize in science and the second from an Islamic country to receive any Nobel Prize (after Anwar Sadat of Egypt). Ramón Menéndez Pidal (] ; 13 March 1869 - 14 November 1968) was a Spanish philologist and historian.  He worked extensively on the history of the Spanish language and Spanish folklore and folk poetry.  One of his main topics was the history and legend of El Cid.  He was nominated for a Nobel Prize 151 times, the most nominated person, three times more than the second most nominated person, André Malraux. Otto Stern (17 February 1888 – 17 August 1969) was a German physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.  He was the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925–1945 (most times nominated is Arnold Sommerfeld with 84 nominations), ultimately winning in 1943. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (] ; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.  He served as PhD supervisor for many Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry (only J. J. Thomson's record of mentorship is comparable to his). Werner Karl Heisenberg ( ; ] ; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.  He published his work in 1925 in a breakthrough paper.  In the subsequent series of papers with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, during the same year, this matrix formulation of quantum mechanics was substantially elaborated.  He is known for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which he published in 1927.  Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics". Olaf Dreyer (born 1969 in Hamburg) is a German theoretical physicist whose research interests include quantum gravity and the quantum measurement problem.  Dreyer received his Ph.D. in quantum gravity in 2001 from the Pennsylvania State University under the direction of Abhay Ashtekar.  Subsequently, he has held a postdoctoral fellowship at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario, a Marie Curie Fellowship at Imperial College, London, and a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Otto Scherzer (9 March 1909 – 15 November 1982) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to electron microscopy. Siegfried Grossmann (born 28 February 1930) is a German theoretical physicist who has been awarded the Max Planck Medal, the major prize for achievements in theoretical physics.
Answer: atomic and quantum physics