Question: In what year was the chess master, whose ideas of approach to the centre were challenged by Hypermodernism, born?
Context: The Chess Master, or 棋王 (qíwáng), is a 1984 novel by Chinese writer Ah Cheng, writing under his pseudonym A Cheng.  This short novel features characters who were part of the Down to the Countryside Movement after the Cultural Revolution.  Written from the point of view of an unnamed narrator, readers learn more and more about the titular character, the chess master Wang Yisheng, and what drives him to play Chinese chess. James Eade (born March 23, 1957) is an American chess master, chess administrator, chess tournament organizer, and chess book publisher.  He holds the title of FIDE Master.  He is best known for the books "Chess for Dummies" (1996) and "The Chess Player's Bible" (2004), both of which have been through several editions and been translated into 8 languages. Randy Bauer (born 1958) is a chess master and a member of the Executive Board of the United States Chess Federation.  Randy grew up in Minnesota, where he was a successful scholastic player, tying for first or winning outright two state junior high school and senior high school championships.  He was also the state junior champion.  He earned his national master title in 1988 and was Iowa State Champion in 1991.  Besides his chess playing career, Randy has also been active as a writer.  He has written hundreds of book reviews and articles which have appeared on numerous chess websites as well as in publications, including Chess Horizons and Chess Life magazine.  In the past, he has been honored by the Chess Journalists of America with an award for 'Best Instructional Article' of the year, for an instructional game that appeared in Chess Horizons magazine. John Washington Baird (February 22, 1852-1923) was a minor American chess master, who played in a number of American and international chess tournaments between 1880 and 1906.  He was the brother of David Graham Baird, who was also an American chess master. Academic Chess is a non-profit program founded in 1994 that teaches elementary-aged students how to play chess.  It produced many United States Chess Federation-ranked players, including Nicholas Nip, a 9- year- old who in 2008 became the youngest chess master in history at age 9.  Other top chess players that are graduates of Academic Chess' instruction include former national scholastic champions Kyle Shin and Alex Costello, among others.  Academic Chess has taught more than 100,000 children in California, Nevada and Utah. Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I.  It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters, including Wilhelm Steinitz's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch.  The Hypermoderns demonstrated their new ideas with games and victories.  Aron Nimzowitsch showed that games could be won through indirect control of the center, breaking with Tarrasch's view that the center must be occupied by pawns.  Nimzowitsch advocated controlling the center of the board with distant pieces rather than with pawns, thus inviting the opponent to occupy the center with pawns, which can then become targets of attack.  This was part of the hypermodern framework, which Nimzowitsch encapsulated in his seminal book "My System", which greatly influenced many chess players.  It introduced and formalized concepts of the pawn chain, overprotection, undermining, prophylaxis, restraint, rook on the seventh rank, knight outposts, the dynamics of the isolated queen's pawn, and other areas of chess. Manuel Aaron (born 30 December 1935) is the first Indian chess master in the second half of the 20th century.  He dominated chess in India in the 1960s to the 1980s, was the national champion of India nine times between 1959 and 1981.  He is India's first player to be awarded the International Master title, and is one of the key figures in introducing international chess practices to India; until the 1960s, Indian chess (known as "chaturanga") was often played using many local traditional variants (e.g. in lieu of castling, the king could execute a knights move once, if it had not been checked).  Aaron helped popularize the international variety, forming many chess groups and urging players to study openings and other formal chess literature. David Graham Baird (3 December 1854 in New York City – 8 October 1913 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) was an American chess master.  He was the brother of John Washington Baird, who was also an American chess master.  A writer in the "New York Times", describing the players in the Sixth American Chess Congress (1889), portrayed Baird and his brother as follows: Spencer Crakanthorp, (17 February 1885 in Sydney, Australia – 1 August 1936) was a chess player and Australian Chess Champion in 1923−24, 1925−26, 1926 and 1927.  He was the father-in-law of chess master Cecil Purdy who married Anne Purdy (née Crakanthorp, 1915–2013).  Anne was a strong A Grade chess player in her own right.  He was also grandfather to another chess master, Cecil's son John Purdy.  Furthermore, Crakanthrop's granddaughter Diana Hutchings (née Purdy) married Frank Huntchings - winner of the 1953 New Zealand junior chess championship while his father (Lawrence Crakanthorp) (1857-1929) was ranked world no 188 in the 1902 historical world rating list.  Therefore, the Crakanthorp-Purdy family can be recognized as one of the greatest chess dynasties ever. Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian and later American chess master, and the first undisputed world chess champion, from 1886 to 1894.  He was also a highly influential writer and chess theoretician.
Answer: 1836