Question: In what year was the Newlands resolution enacted?
Context: The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is a law that was enacted by the United States Congress under House Speaker Newt Gingrich as Section 251 of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 (Pub.L.  104–121 ) and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on March 29, 1996.  The law empowers Congress to review, by means of an expedited legislative process, new federal regulations issued by government agencies and, by passage of a joint resolution, to overrule a regulation.  Once a rule is thus repealed, the CRA also prohibits the reissuing of the rule in substantially the same form or the issuing of a new rule that is substantially the same "unless the reissued or new rule is specifically authorized by a law enacted after the date of the joint resolution disapproving the original rule" (5 U.S. Code § 801(b)(2)).  Congress has a window of time lasting 60 "legislative" days (i.e., days that Congress is actually in session, rather than simple calendar days) to disapprove of any given rule by simple majority vote; otherwise, the rule will go into effect at the end of this period. In the United States, a continuing resolution is a type of appropriations legislation.  An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs.  The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities.  Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year.  The "fiscal year" is the accounting period of the federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year.  When Congress and the president fail to agree on and pass one or more of the regular appropriations bills, a continuing resolution can be passed instead.  A continuing resolution continues the pre-existing appropriations at the same levels as the previous fiscal year (or with minor modifications) for a set amount of time.  Continuing resolutions typically provide funding at a rate or formula based on the previous year's funding.  The funding extends until a specific date or regular appropriations bills are passed, whichever comes first.  There can be some changes to some of the accounts in a continuing resolution.  The continuing resolution takes the form of a joint resolution, and may provide bridging funding for existing federal programs at current, reduced, or expanded levels. The first bank established in the Kingdom of Hawaii was Bishop & Co., founded by Charles Reed Bishop and William A. Aldrich in 1858.  Almost 25 years later, Spreckels & Co. was founded by Claus Spreckels in partnership with William G. Irwin in 1884.  The Kingdom opened the Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank on July 1, 1886.  By 1895 the Yokohama Specie Bank opened a branch in Honolulu and the merchant importer/exporter Hackfeld & Co. went into banking.  Following the annexation of Hawaii in July 1898, plans were set in motion to establish the First American Bank of Hawaii backed by investors in New York and California.  A prospectus soliciting stock subscriptions was released on May 8, 1899, and the bank opened for business on September 5, 1899.  The founding board of directors included Cecil Brown (President), B.F. Dillingham (Vice-President), M.P. Robinson, Bruce Cartwright, and G.W. Macfarlane.  Additional officers included W.G. Cooper (Cashier), E.M. Boyd (Secretary), and George F. McLeod (Auditor).  The expressed purpose for founding the bank was to eventually convert it into a National Bank under the National Bank Act.  On April 30, 1900 a special act of Congress extended the National Banking Act to include the Territory of Hawaii. In the United States Congress, a joint resolution is a legislative measure that requires approval by the Senate and the House and is presented to the president for his approval or disapproval.  Generally, there is no legal difference between a joint resolution and a bill.  Both must be passed, in exactly the same form, by both chambers of Congress, and then must — with one exception —be presented to the President and signed by them (or, re-passed in override of a presidential veto; or, remain unsigned for ten days while Congress is in session) to become a law.  Only joint resolutions may be used to propose amendments to the United States Constitution and these do not require the approval of the President.  Laws enacted by virtue of a joint resolution are not distinguished from laws enacted by a bill, except that they are designated as resolutions as opposed to acts (see for example War Powers Resolution). The Civil Justice Reform Act (CJRA) is a U.S. federal law that was enacted in 1990.  Federal Judges in the United States enjoy lifetime tenure, and, although each district judge is marginally supervised by a chief judge, there was little national oversight of each judge's case management practices.  Congress enacted CJRA in response to complaints of significant delays in the resolution of civil litigation in the federal courts; the CJRA was designed to encourage the speedy resolution of civil matters (both cases and motions) by requiring the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to prepare and publish a semi-annual report showing, by U.S. district judge and magistrate judge, all motions pending more than six months, all bench trials submitted more than six months, all bankruptcy appeals pending more than six months, all Social Security appeal cases pending more than six months, and all civil cases pending more than three years. The Iraq Resolution (formally the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, Pub.L.  107–243 , 116 Stat.  1498 , enacted  16, 2002 , ) is a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in October 2002 as Public Law No: 107-243, authorizing military action against Iraq. The Newlands Resolution was an Act of Congress to annex the Republic of Hawaii and create the Territory of Hawaii.  It was written by and named after United States Congressman Francis G. Newlands. The Madras Public Libraries Act, subsequently renamed as the Tamil Nadu Public Libraries Act, was enacted in Madras State, India, in 1948.  The act was the first of its kind to be enacted in India after independence.  The Connemara Public Library became the first library to come under the purview of this act, as a "State central library".  Subsequently, nine district libraries were added during the Five year plan from 1951.  The act was enacted based on research and activity by S. R. Ranganathan and the Madras Library Association.  Other states have enacted public library acts modelled on the Madras Public Libraries Act. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution or the Southeast Asia Resolution, Pub.L.  88–408 , 78 Stat.  384 , enacted  10, 1964 , was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. The Tariff of 1833 (also known as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, ch.  55, 4 Stat.  629 ), enacted on March 2, 1833, was proposed by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun as a resolution to the Nullification Crisis.  Enacted under Andrew Jackson's presidency, it was adopted to gradually reduce the rates following southerners' objections to the protectionism found in the Tariff of 1832 and the 1828 Tariff of Abominations; the tariffs had prompted South Carolina to threaten secession from the Union.  This Act stipulated that import taxes would gradually be cut over the next decade until, by 1842, they matched the levels set in the Tariff of 1816—an average of 20%.  The compromise reductions lasted only two months into their final stage before protectionism was reinstated by the Black Tariff of 1842.
Answer: 1898