Question: What is the name of state and local laws that continued to be enforced until 1965 and whose effects are featured in the book "Leon's Story" by Leon Walter Tillage?
Context: The Colorado Department of Public Safety (CDPS) is the principal department of the Colorado state government responsible for supporting statewide law enforcement, including assistance for county sheriffs who enforce state laws within counties and local police departments who enforce state and local laws within cities.  Governor John Hickenlooper appointed former Mesa County (CO) Sheriff Stan Hilkey as Executive Director effective June, 2014. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.  Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued to be enforced until 1965.  They mandated "de jure" racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars.  Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War.  This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation, including segregated cars on interstate trains and, later, buses.  Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans; sometimes they did not exist at all.  This body of law institutionalized a number of economic, educational, and social disadvantages.  "De jure" segregation existed mainly in the Southern states, while Northern segregation was generally "de facto"—patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory labor union practices.  "Jim Crow" was a pejorative expression meaning "Negro". Pre-Code Hollywood is the era in the American film industry between the introduction of sound in the late 1920s and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code (Hays Code) censorship guidelines.  Although the Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor and it did not become effectively enforced until July 1, 1934.  Before that date, movie content was restricted more by local laws, negotiations between the Studio Relations Committee (SRC) and the major studios, and popular opinion than strict adherence to the Hays Code, which was often ignored by Hollywood filmmakers. Represent.Us is a nonpartisan, non-profit organization founded in November, 2012 whose stated mission is “to pass tough anti-corruption laws in cities and states across America, and end the legalized corruption that has come to define modern politics.”  Represent.Us advocates for state and local laws, often using the ballot initiative process, based on model legislation called the American Anti-Corruption Act—a proposal to overhaul lobbying, transparency, and campaign finance laws. Pre-Code Hollywood refers to the brief era in the American film industry between the introduction of sound pictures in 1929 and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines, popularly known as the "Hays Code", in mid-1934.  Although the Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor and it did not become rigorously enforced until July 1, 1934, with the establishment of the Production Code Administration (PCA).  Before that date, movie content was restricted more by local laws, negotiations between the Studio Relations Committee (SRC) and the major studios, and popular opinion, than strict adherence to the Hays Code, which was often ignored by Hollywood filmmakers. Leon Walter Tillage (January 19, 1936 – October 5, 2011) was an African American whose autobiographical children's book "Leon's Story" (1997) features the effects of Jim Crow laws on the lives of African Americans during the 1930s and 1940s – and of the later Civil Rights Movement. This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.  Jim Crow laws existed mainly in the South and originated from the Black Codes that were enforced from 1865 to 1866 and from prewar segregation on railroad cars in northern cities.  The laws sprouted up in the late 19th century after Reconstruction and lasted until the 1960s.  They mandated de jure segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for Americans of African descent.  In reality, this led to treatment that was usually inferior to those provided for Americans of European descent, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and Indigenous communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.  Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.  According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, environmental justice is "the fair treatment for people of all races, cultures, and incomes, regarding the development of environmental laws, regulations and policies".  Instances of environmental racism can include exposure to toxic waste, flooding, pollution from heavy industrial or natural resource extraction developments, lack of utilities such as clean water, or exclusion from land management and natural resource-related decision making.  In particular, the transition from socialism in Eastern and Central Europe has led to an increased visibility of Romani marginalization and environmental exclusion whose effects continue to be felt throughout Europe. The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW or CCWC), concluded at Geneva on October 10, 1980, and entered into force in December 1983, seeks to prohibit or restrict the use of certain conventional weapons which are considered excessively injurious or whose effects are indiscriminate.  The full title is Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.  The convention covers landmines, booby traps, incendiary weapons, blinding laser weapons and clearance of explosive remnants of war. The Iraqi Local Governance Law Library in Arabic المكتبة القانونية العراقية للحكم المحلي contains legal documents considered relevant to the sub-national governments of Iraq.  Besides national laws that have a significant bearing on sub-national governance, this Library also contains the growing body of local laws, orders, decisions, and regulations now being published by provinces in monthly legal gazettes.  It is intended to be an up-to-date, authoritative, carefully classified and searchable repository of original legal documents in Arabic with the best available translations in English.  The Iraq Local Governance Program (LGP III), a United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded project implemented by RTI International, originally developed this library to clarify the relationship between the federal government and local governments of Iraq.  The LGP III Law Library Team worked to compile an extensive law library, gathering Arabic copies of ministerial directives that have been enacted into law (statutes), administrative directives, administrative regulation, executive orders, and court cases relevant to the sub national government in Iraq, and then uploading the documents to the website.  Selected English translations were added that met the translation quality standards of the Law Library Team.  The library is currently being maintained by volunteers.
Answer: Jim Crow laws