Question: The Water Engine was inspired by a play of an artist born in what year?
Context: Ruth Vollmer (1903 - 1982 New York City), was a German artist born in Munich.  She was born in 1903 and named Ruth Landshoff.  Her father, Ludwig Landshoff, was a musicologist and conductor and her mother, Phillipine Landshoff, was an opera singer.  Their family was Jewish.  At age 19 she began to work as an artist and took the advice of her father to draw every day.  She also had many connections to the teachers and students at the Bauhaus.  In 1930 she married a pediatrician named Hermann Vollmer, whom she met in Berlin.  Ruth and Hermann move from Germany to New York in 1935.  Ruth begins work designing window displays for Bonwit Teller, Tiffany's, Lord & Taylor, and other department stores.  Her displays experimented with wire, steel, and copper mesh to create figural forms.  In 1943, Vollmer becomes a U.S. citizen.  In 1944 she receives a commission from the Museum of Modern Art for its fifteenth anniversary exhibition, "Art in Progress."  Vollumer continues to work with wire mesh and shows her work "Composition in Space" at the Museum of Modern Art's 1948 exhibition "Elements of Stage Design."  In 1950, she was commissioned to create a mural for the lobby of 575 Madison, where Vollmer created a large wall relief that used wire rods and wire mesh to play with light, texture, and transparency.  Vollumer visits Giacometti for a second time during the summer of 1951.  During the 1950s she begins to works with clay as well.  Additionally, in 1954 she begins to teach at the Children's Art Center at the Fieldston School in Riverdale and continued to teach until the mid-sixties.  In 1960, Vollmer participates in the NYU discussion series "Artists on Art" with her friend Robert Motherwell.  1960 is an important year because she also has her first one-person exhibition at Betty Parson's Section Eleven gallery space.  Throughout the 1960s Vollmer works with bronze and as well as showing at Betty Parson's gallery several times.  In 1963, she joins the group American Abstract Artists (AAA) and includes her work in their exhibitions from 1963 on.  By 1970 Vollmer's art is working with complex geometrical forms and mathematical concepts, particularly spirals and platonic solids.  Sol LeWitt wrote a short essay on Vollmer's work for "Studio International" titled "Ruth Vollmer: Mathematical Forms."  Vollmer protests the cancellation of the Hans Haacke at The Solomon R. Guggenheim exhibition by writing a letter to the director, Thomas Messer, in 1971.  In 1976, she had a large one-person exhibition at the Neuberger Museum of Art.  In 1982, Ruth Vollmer dies after a long battle with Alzheimer's.  A majority of her large personal art collection of over one hundred sculptures, paintings, and drawings is donated to MoMA.  Her art collection included works by Carl Andre, Mel Bochner, Eva Hesse, Sol LeWitt, Ad Reinhardt, Frank Stella, Agnes Martin, and Chryssa. The Malone engine is a liquid-based engine invented by J.F.J Malone of Newcastle, England.  The engine used high temperature water as its working fluid, and was therefore also referred to as the Hot Water Engine.  A US patent, describing it with Mercury or an Mercury-Lead Alloy as working fluid, for the engine was granted in 1924, A pop-pop boat is a toy with a very simple steam engine without moving parts, typically powered by a candle or vegetable oil burner.  The name comes from the noise made by some versions of the boats.  Other names are putt-putt boat, crazy boat, flash-steamer, hot-air-boat, pulsating water engine boat.  Around the world they may be called Can-Can-boot, Knatterboot, toc-toc, Puf-Puf boat, Poof Poof craft, Phut-Phut, or Pouet-Pouet. Ł The Water Engine is a play by David Mamet that centers on the violent suppression of a disruptive alternative energy technology. Christopher Galloway was a Scottish engineer and architect who worked in Russia during the reign of Tsar Mikhail (1621–1645).  He is best known for constructing the clocks at the tented roof of the Spassky Tower in the Moscow Kremlin, and the water engine in the Vodovzvodnaya Tower. Mark Quashie (born January 24, 1967), better known as The Mad Stuntman, is a multi-platinum selling American electronic dance artist born in Trinidad and Tobago.  Quashie's moniker was inspired by the 1980s action/adventure television program "The Fall Guy" which starred actor Lee Majors as a Hollywood stuntman, moonlighting as a bounty hunter.  Making his home in Brooklyn, NY, The Mad Stuntman was introduced to platinum-selling producer/DJ Erick Morillo by popular Panamanian reggae artist El General, who is dubbed the "Father of Reggaeton".  Morillo was looking for an act to be featured on his upcoming single "Go On Move" and to ultimately join him on tour as a group. The water engine is a positive-displacement engine, often closely resembling a steam engine with similar pistons and valves, that is driven by water pressure.  The supply of water was derived from a natural head of water, the water mains, or a specialised high-pressure water supply such as that provided by the London Hydraulic Power Company.  Water mains in the 19th century often operated at pressures of 30 to 40 psi, while hydraulic power companies supplied higher pressure water at anything up to 800 psi. The Water Engine is a 1992 television film based on David Mamet's play of the same name. David Alan Mamet ( ; born November 30, 1947) is an American playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and film director.  As a playwright, Mamet has won a Pulitzer Prize and received Tony nominations for "Glengarry Glen Ross" (1984) and "Speed-the-Plow" (1988).  Mamet first gained acclaim for a trio of off-Broadway plays in 1976, "The Duck Variations," "Sexual Perversity in Chicago," and "American Buffalo."  His play "Race" opened on Broadway on December 6, 2009, and his play "The Penitent" previewed off-Broadway on February 8, 2017. Doretta Frenna Smith (1924–2012) was an artist born and raised in Trieste, Italy.  She was known for her impressionist realism watercolors.  Her higher education in Italy includes; Magistrale Institute, The Technical Institute of Accounting, Commercial Institute of Comtometry, Berliz School of Languages, Enenkel School of Art and Design and Popolare University.  She married an American serviceman at the end of World War Two in Trieste Italy and moved to the United States in December 1948 and settled in Jacksonville, North Carolina where she lived out her life.  She put her work aside for several years to raise eight children.  Being inspired in 1971 while watching her oldest son graduate from East Carolina University, she resumed her studies by attending art lectures, demonstration classes from regionally known artists, as well as attending classes at St John Museum of Art in Wilmington NC, Coastal Carolina Community College in Jacksonville NC, Pitt Technical Institute in Greenville NC and Fayetteville Technical Institute.  She greatly valued the opportunity to attend an art seminar conducted by Fredrick Taubes of New York City which inspired her style.  In 1973 She began teaching art at Coastal Carolina Community College until 1978 where she turned to painting full-time.  Her life in Italy during World War II had a profound effect on her work.  She used her art to help her erase the memories of the war.  Her first set of paintings where scenes from her childhood, that she called her "Italian Collection".  Most of the "Italian Collection" were oil paintings, a media that she used early in her career before switching to watercolor.  In the late 1970s she began painting local scenes of eastern North Carolina, floral and other areas of interest.  She often painted with opera playing in the background and had commented that the music creates the mood that she would translate visually.  Her watercolors often produced startling results which added to the spiritual dimension while leaving something to the imagination of the viewer.  Her awards for her art are in the hundreds with numerous one person shows.  She had many private collectors from all around the world to include, Italy, Germany, South America, China and Russia.
Answer: 1947