Question: Chantefleurs et Chantefables is a song cycle by a composer who died in what year?
Context: Chants de Terre et de Ciel ("Songs of Earth and Heaven") is a song cycle in six movements for soprano and piano by Olivier Messiaen, on text by the composer himself.  It was composed in 1938 and premiered at the Société Triton's "Concerts du Triton", at the "Ecole Normale de Musique" in Paris on the 23 January 1939 with Marcelle Bunlet as the soprano and the composer at the piano.  The cycle is deeply personal and reflects Messiaen's joy at the birth of his son Pascal in 1937, as well as his deep Catholicism.  A performance usually lasts around 32 minutes. Chantefleurs et Chantefables is a song cycle for soprano and orchestra set to the poems of Robert Desnos by the Polish composer Witold Lutosławski.  The work was composed from 1989 to 1991 and was first performed at The Proms by the soprano Solveig Kringlebotn and the BBC Symphony Orchestra under the direction of the composer on August 8, 1991.  The piece is Lutosławski's second composition set to the poetry of Robert Desnos, following 1975's "Les Espaces du sommeil". A symphonic song cycle can either refer to a symphony composed of separate movements played consecutively or to a set of symphonic works linked by theme, common composer, or common conductor.  A symphonic cycle should not be confused with the closely related song cycle. Cinq mélodies "de Venise", Op. 58, is a song cycle by Gabriel Fauré, of five mélodies for voice and piano.  Composed in 1891, the cycle is based on five poems by Paul Verlaine, from the collections "Fêtes galantes" and "Romances sans paroles".  According to Fauré himself, the song cycle contains a number of musical themes which recur from song to song.  He used a similar technique for his later song cycle "La bonne chanson", which was also based on Verlaine's poetry. Ralph Vaughan Williams' Four Last Songs cycle is made up of four songs: "Procris," "Tired," "Hands, Eyes, and Heart," and "Menelaus."  All of the songs were composed between 1954 and 1958.  The cycle is best suited for mezzo-soprano, although, the original program note from the cycle's 1959 premiere acknowledges that all of the songs may be sung by a baritone, except for "Hands, Eyes, and Heart" "which is a woman's song."  It is suggested that the four songs were originally intended to be two separate song cycles with "Menelaus" and "Procris" belonging to one cycle and "Tired" and "Hands, Eyes, and Heart" belonging to another.  However, there is debate in the scholarly community about this proposed song cycle grouping.  Renée Chérie Clark in her essay, "A Critical Appraisal of Four Last Songs" suggests, citing a letter from the composer to a friend at Cornell University, that Vaughan Williams actually intended for "Menelaus" and "Hands, Eyes, and Heart" to be grouped together.  The composer's death in 1958 left both cycles unfinished, and in 1960, they were assembled by the composer's widow, Ursula Vaughan Williams, and published as set by Oxford University Press.  The texts of all four songs are poems written by Vaughan Williams' wife Ursula who penned several books of poetry throughout her lifetime as well as a biography of her late husband.  "Procris" and "Menelaus" deal with figures from ancient Greek and Roman mythology and epic poetry while "Tired" and "Hands, Eyes, and Heart" depict images of love between a husband and wife. Songs for Drella is a 1990 album by Lou Reed and John Cale, both formerly of the Velvet Underground; it is a song cycle about Andy Warhol, their mentor, who had died following routine surgery in 1987.  Drella was a nickname for Warhol coined by Warhol superstar Ondine, a contraction of Dracula and Cinderella, used by Warhol's crowd but never liked by Warhol himself.  The song cycle focuses on Warhol's interpersonal relations and experiences, with songs falling roughly into three categories: Warhol's first-person perspective (which makes up the vast majority of the album), third-person narratives chronicling events and affairs, and first-person commentaries on Warhol by Reed and Cale themselves.  The songs on the album are, to some extent, in chronological order. Oh Moscow is a 1991 live album by English experimental musician and composer Lindsay Cooper.  It is a recording of a song cycle of the same name performed at the 7th Victoriaville Festival in Quebec, Canada on 8 October 1989.  The work was composed in 1987 by Cooper with lyrics written by English film director and screenwriter Sally Potter.  The song cycle reflects on the Cold War that divided Europe at the time. Witold Roman Lutosławski (; 25 January 1913 – 7 February 1994) was a Polish composer and orchestral conductor.  He was one of the major European composers of the 20th century, and one of the preeminent Polish musicians during his last three decades.  He earned many international awards and prizes.  His compositions (of which he was a notable conductor) include four symphonies, a Concerto for Orchestra, a string quartet, instrumental works, concertos, and orchestral song cycles. "Songs of Youth and Discovery" is a five-part song cycle written by composer Jerrold Fisher and lyrics by Lawrence Leritz.  The cycle had its beginnings with the "Dance Celebration" company which premiered in New York City at the Priory Theatre, with the number "Worth A Song" a standout.  "Worth A Song" was later performed in Paris, with Lawrence Leritz, dancer, Elaine Bunse, soprano and New York City Opera's Bruce Norris, pianist.  In 2007, four more songs were added and the song cycle was formed.  On June 3, 2007, the world premiere concert of the "Songs Of Youth And Discovery" debuted at the historic Sherman Cymru formally the Sherman Theatre in Shroudsburg, PA. by the Pocono Choral Society. Cycle has several meanings in the field of music.  Acoustically, it refers to one complete vibration, the base unit of Hertz being one cycle per second.  Theoretically, an interval cycle is a collection of pitch classes created by a sequence of identical intervals.  Individual pieces that aggregate into larger works are considered cycles, for example, the movements of a suite, symphony, sonata, or string quartet.  This definition can apply to everything from settings of the Mass or a song cycle to an opera cycle.  Cycle also applies to the complete performance of an individual composer's work in one genre.
Answer: 1994