Question: Tracy Chevalier and Dashiell Hammett, have which shared nationality?
Context: The Maltese Falcon is a 1931 American pre-Code crime film, based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett and directed by Roy Del Ruth.  The film stars Ricardo Cortez as private detective Sam Spade and Bebe Daniels as Ruth Wonderly.  Maude Fulton, Brown Holmes, and Lucien Hubbard (who went uncredited) wrote the screenplay.  The supporting cast features Dudley Digges, Thelma Todd, Walter Long, Una Merkel, and Dwight Frye.  The film is based on the 1929 novel "The Maltese Falcon" by Dashiell Hammett published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Tracy Chevalier FRSL (born October 19, 1962) is an American-British historical novelist.  She has written eight novels.  She is best known for her second novel, "Girl with a Pearl Earring", which was adapted as a 2003 film starring Scarlett Johansson and Colin Firth. Joseph Nicholas "Joe" Gores (born December 25, 1931, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States; died January 10, 2011, in Greenbrae, California) was an American mystery writer.  He was known best for his novels and short stories set in San Francisco and featuring the fictional "Dan Kearney and Associates" (the "DKA Files") private investigation firm specializing in repossessing cars, a thinly veiled escalation of his own experiences as a confidential sleuth and repo man.  Gores was also recognized for his novels "Hammett" (1975; made into the 1982 film "Hammett"), "Spade & Archer" (the 2009 prequel to Dashiell Hammett's "The Maltese Falcon") and his Edgar Award-winning or -nominated works, such as "A Time of Predators", "32 Cadillacs" and "Come Morning". Samuel Dashiell Hammett ( ; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories, screenwriter, and political activist.  Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade ("The Maltese Falcon"), Nick and Nora Charles ("The Thin Man"), and the Continental Op ("Red Harvest" and "The Dain Curse"). The Maltese Falcon is a 1929 detective novel by Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine "Black Mask" beginning with the September 1929 issue.  The story has been adapted several times for the cinema.  The main character, Sam Spade, appears in this novel and in three lesser-known short stories and is widely cited as the crystallizing figure in the development of the hard-boiled private detective genre.  Raymond Chandler's character Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Hammett's Spade.  Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op.  Spade combined several features of previous detectives, notably his cold detachment, keen eye for detail, unflinching, sometimes ruthless, determination to achieve his own form of justice, and a complete lack of sentimentality. The Glass Key is a novel by Dashiell Hammett, said to be his favorite among his works.  It was first published as a serial in "Black Mask" magazine in 1930, then was collected in 1931 (in London; the American edition followed 3 months later) It tells the story of a gambler and racketeer, Ned Beaumont, whose devotion to a crooked political boss, Paul Madvig, leads him to investigate the murder of a local senator's son as a potential gang war brews.  Hammett dedicated the novel to his onetime lover Nell Martin. The Hammett Prize is awarded annually by the International Association of Crime Writers, North American Branch (IACW/NA) to a Canadian or US citizen or permanent resident for a book in English in the field of crime writing.  It is named after crime-writer Dashiell Hammett and was established in 1991. Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film.  A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book "Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery" claim it is based on the classic novel "Red Harvest" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of "The Maltese Falcon", "The Thin Man", and "The Glass Key").  However the credits of the film itself say only "An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht."  Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). Red Harvest (1929) is a novel by Dashiell Hammett.  The story is narrated by The Continental Op, a frequent character in Hammett's fiction, much of which is drawn from his own experiences as an operative of the Pinkerton Detective Agency (fictionalized as the Continental Detective Agency).  The labor dispute in the novel was inspired by Butte's Anaconda Road Massacre. Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola.  The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores.  It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories.  Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent.
Answer: American