Question: Which Supreme Court case dealt with racial covenants on real estate, Medellín v. Texas or Shelley v. Kraemer?
Context: Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co., 255 U.S. 180 (1921), was a United States Supreme Court case that helped define the range and scope of federal question jurisdiction in state corporate law matters.  The case dealt with whether or not a district court had the power to uphold the constitutional validity of the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916. Gunn v. Minton, 568 U.S. ___ (2013) , is a US patent law case.  The case dealt with the question of jurisdiction of patent law litigation in regard to attorney malpractice.  In a unanimous ruling, the United States Supreme Court decided that federal laws granting exclusive jurisdiction to cases involving patents does not preclude the ability of state courts to hear cases related to but not involving patents. <ref name="http://www.lexology.com"> </ref> The case was remanded to the Texas state courts for further proceedings. <ref name="http://supreme.justia.com"> </ref> The Shelley House is a historic house at 4600 Labadie Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri.  Built in 1906, this duplex was the focus of the 1948 United States Supreme Court case "Shelley v. Kraemer", which ruled that judicial enforcement by state courts of racially restrictive covenants violated the Constitution.  The house was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 14, 1990. Wittman v. Personhuballah, 578 U.S. ___ (2016) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the appellants lacked standing under Article III of the United States Constitution to pursue their appeal.  The case dealt with redistricting by the Virginia Legislature of Virginia's Third Congressional District and allegations of gerrymandering based upon race.  The appeal was brought by Congressmen David Brat, Randy Forbes, and Rob Wittman. Glover v. United States, 531 U.S. 198 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001.  The case dealt with a technical question of law relating to whether a showing of prejudice in incorrect sentencing decisions is required for a correction of that sentence. Medellín v. Texas, 552 U.S. 491 (2008) , is a United States Supreme Court decision that held that even if an international treaty may constitute an international commitment, it is not binding domestic law unless Congress has enacted statutes implementing it or unless the treaty itself is "self-executing."  Also, the Court held that decisions of the International Court of Justice are not binding domestic law and that, without authority from the United States Congress or the Constitution, the President of the United States lacks the power to enforce international treaties or decisions of the International Court of Justice. Shafer v. South Carolina, 532 U.S. 36 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001.  The case concerned the ability of a defendant to tell the jury that, absent a penalty of death, a penalty of life imprisonment would not permit early release of a prisoner on parole.  While the question had been decided in the case of "Simmons v. South Carolina", this case dealt with the extent of the ruling. United States v. Hatter, 532 U.S. 557 (2001) , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001.  The case concerned an alleged violation of the Compensation Clause of the United States Constitution when Congress extended Medicare and Social Security taxes to federal judge salaries.  Additionally, the case dealt with whether a later increase of federal judge salaries, greater than the new taxes, remedied the potential violation. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 US 1 (1948) is a landmark United States Supreme Court case that held that courts could not enforce racial covenants on real estate. Loren Miller (January 20, 1903 - July 14, 1967) was an American journalist, civil rights activist, attorney and judge.  Miller was appointed to the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, by former governor Edmund G. Brown in 1964, serving until 1967.  Miller was a specialist in housing discrimination, whose involvement in the early stages of the Civil Rights Movement earned him a reputation as a tenacious fighter for equal housing opportunities for minorities.  Miller argued some of the most historic civil rights cases ever heard before the U.S. Supreme Court.  He was chief counsel before the court in the 1948 decision that led to the outlawing of racial restrictive covenants, Shelley v. Kraemer.
Answer: Shelley v. Kraemer