Question: "Drosophila melanogaster" was introduced into the field of genetic experiments by  an American evolutionary biologist who won a Nobel Price in what year?
Context: "Drosophila" embryogenesis, the process by which "Drosophila" (fruit fly) embryos form, is a favorite model system for genetics and developmental biology.  The study of its embryogenesis unlocked the century-long puzzle of how development was controlled, creating the field of evolutionary developmental biology.  The small size, short generation time, and large brood size make it ideal for genetic studies.  Transparent embryos facilitate developmental studies. " Drosophila melanogaster" was introduced into the field of genetic experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1909. Chris Q Doe (Born 1958) is a professor of Biology, and HHMI investigator at the Institute for Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.  Chris did his PhD work with Corey Goodman at Stanford University, followed by postdoc with Matthew P. Scott at University of Colorado Boulder.  He is an eminent personality in Developmental biology and is known for his remarkable studies on neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster Neural stem cell Neuroblast.  His lab investigates the generation of neuronal diversity and neural circuit formation in Drosophila melanogaster.  Chris Doe is a National Academy of Sciences member Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity. The "Drosophila melanogaster" species subgroup contains 9 species, including the best known species "Drosophila melanogaster" and "D. simulans".  The subgroup belongs to the "Drosophila melanogaster" species group within the subgenus "Sophophora". A segmentation gene is a generic term for a gene whose function is to specify tissue pattern in each repeated unit of a segmented organism.  Animals are constructed of segments; however, Drosophila segments also contain subdivided compartments.  In embryonic drosophila, these segments are called parasegments.  Parasegments distinguish them from adult segments, which has 14 segments.  In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, segment polarity genes help to define the anterior and posterior polarities within each embryonic parasegment by regulating the transmission of signals via the Wnt signaling pathway and Hedgehog signaling pathway.  Segment polarity genes are expressed in the embryo following expression of the gap genes and pair-rule genes.  The most commonly cited examples of these genes are "engrailed" and "gooseberry" in "Drosophila melanogaster".  The segment polarity is the last step in embryonic development and a repeated pattern where each half of each segment is deleted and a mirror-image is duplicated and reversed to replace that half segment; thus, forming a pattern element. The DmX gene ("Drosophila melanogaster" X-gene) is an extremely large WD-repeat-containing protein coding gene, which is found in all eukaryotes sequenced so far.  Loss of functions mutations are lethal in "Drosophila melanogaster" during first larval instar.  In human and mouse, probably in all mammalians, there are two copies of the DmX present, called "DMXL1" and "DMXL2".  The ubiquitous existence of this gene in all higher organisms and the fact that the fruitfly cannot live without a functional copy of this gene indicates that the DmX coded protein is indispensable for life.  The DmX gene codes for one of the largest non internally repetitive polypeptide chain known. Schneider 2 cells, usually abbreviated as S2 cells, are one of the most commonly used "Drosophila melanogaster" cell lines. S2 cells were derived from a primary culture of late stage (20–24 hours old) "Drosophila melanogaster" embryos by Dr. Imogene Schneider, likely from a macrophage-like lineage. White, abbreviated w, was the first sex-linked mutation ever discovered in the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster".  In 1910 Thomas Hunt Morgan and Lilian Vaughan Morgan collected a single male white-eyed mutant from a population of "Drosophila melanogaster" fruit flies, which usually have dark brick red compound eyes.  Upon crossing this male with wild-type female flies, they found that the offspring did not conform to the expectations of Mendelian inheritance.  The first generation (the F1) produced 1,237 red-eyed offspring and three white-eyed flies, all males.  The second generation (the F2) produced 2,459 red-eyed females, 1,011 red-eyed males, and 782 white-eyed males.  Further experimental crosses led them to the conclusion that this mutation was somehow physically connected to the "factor" that determined sex in "Drosophila".  This led to the discovery of sex linkage, in which the gene for a trait is found on a sex chromosome.  Morgan named this trait "white", now abbreviated "w".  Flies possessing the "white" allele are frequently used to introduce high school and college students to genetics. Nuage is a specific term for "Drosophila melanogaster" germline granules.  Nuage are the hallmark of "Drosophila melanogaster" germline cells, which have an electron-dense perinuclear structure and can silence the selfish genetic elements in "Drosophila melanogaster".  The term 'Nuage' comes from the French word for 'cloud', as they appear as nebulous electron-dense bodies by electron microscopy.  They are found in nurse cells of the developing "Drosophila melanogaster" egg chamber and are composed of various types of proteins, including RNA-helicases, Tudor domain proteins, Piwi-clade Argonaute proteins, in addition to a PRMT5 methylosome composed of Capsuléen and its co-factor, Valois (MEP50). The protein ISWI or imitation SWI of "drosophila melanogaster" (common fruit fly), is the first ATPase subunit which has been isolated in the ISWI chromatin remodeling family.  This protein presents high level of similarity to the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling family in the ATPase domain.  Outside the ATPase domain ISWI loses the similarity with the member of the SWI/SNF family, possessing a SANT domain instead of the bromodomain.  The protein ISWI can interact with several proteins giving three different chromatin-remodeling complexes in "Drosophila melanogaster": NURF(nucleosome remodeling factor), CHRAC (chromatin remodeling and assembly complex) and ACF (ATP-utilising chromatin remodeling and assembly Factor).
Answer: 1933