Question: William John Macquorn Rankine, was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics, who was a founding contributor to the science of thermodynamics, which German physicist and mathematician is this?
Context: The Rankine body discovered by Scottish physicist and engineer William John Macquorn Rankine, is a feature of naval architecture involving the flow of liquid around a body/surface. The Rankine vortex is a type of vortex in a viscous fluid.  It is named after its discoverer, William John Macquorn Rankine. The Rankine lecture is an annual lecture organised by the British Geotechnical Association named after William John Macquorn Rankine, an early contributor to the theory of soil mechanics. Rankine's theory (maximum-normal stress theory), developed in 1857 by William John Macquorn Rankine, is a stress field solution that predicts active and passive earth pressure.  It assumes that the soil is cohesionless, the wall is frictionless, the soil-wall interface is vertical, the failure surface on which the soil moves is planar, and the resultant force is angled parallel to the backfill surface.  The equations for active and passive lateral earth pressure coefficients are given below.  Note that φ' is the angle of shearing resistance of the soil and the backfill is inclined at angle β to the horizontal. The Rankine cycle is a model that is used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems, though the theoretical principle also applies to reciprocating engines such as steam locomotives.  The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work while undergoing phase change.  The heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water as the working fluid.  It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath and Glasgow University professor. Tom D. Walshaw (1912–1998) was an engineer, author and contributor to the British magazine "Model Engineer".  Many of his magazine contributions and books were authored under the pseudonym Tubal Cain.  The pseudonym relates to the Tubal-cain, the biblical metal worker.  As Tubal Cain he made over 424 contributions to "Model Engineer", beginning in 1971.  These were mainly divided between workshop equipment articles and model stationary engine constructional articles.  He graduated in mechanical engineering at Loughborough University in 1934, and eventually, after a career in mechanical design, went back to that university in 1943, becoming, after some years, senior lecturer in mechanical engineering.  He went on in 1948 to teach at University of Liverpool.  In 1952 he was appointed Head of Department of Mechanical, Civil and Electrical Engineering at Darlington College of Technology.  His final academic post was Head of Mechanical, Production and Civil Engineering at Lancashire Polytechnic.  He gained the first of his many model engineering exhibition awards in 1949.  At one point he was editor of the "Transactions of the Newcomen Society".  Walshaw died on 2 May 1998. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics.  By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he gave the theory of heat a truer and sounder basis.  His most important paper, "On the Moving Force of Heat", published in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics.  In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy.  In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem which applied to heat. The Rankine scale ( ) is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859.  (The Kelvin scale was first proposed in 1848.)  It may be used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit. William John Macquorn Rankine, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'FRSE FRS', '4': "} ( ; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics.  He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on the first of the three thermodynamic laws. Formulated in 1862 by Lord Kelvin, Hermann von Helmholtz and William John Macquorn Rankine, the heat death paradox, also known as Clausius's paradox and thermodynamic paradox, is a "reductio ad absurdum" argument that uses thermodynamics to show the impossibility of an infinitely old universe.
Answer: Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius