Question: Which happened first, the founding of the modern state of Belgium or Magellan's voyage of discovery of the Philippines?
Context: Although the archipelago may have been visited before by the Portuguese (who conquered Malacca City in 1511 and reached Maluku Islands in 1512 ), the earliest documented European expedition to the Philippines was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain.  The expedition first sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March 1521, making landfall the following day at the small, uninhabited island of Homonhon at the mouth of the Leyte Gulf.  On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte, as is stated in Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo (First Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them "Archipelago of Saint Lazarus". Lapu-Lapu (Baybayin: "ᜎᜉᜓᜎᜉᜓ", Abecedario: "Lápú-Lápú") (fl.  1521) was a ruler of Mactan in Visayas.  Modern Filipino society regards him as the first Filipino hero because he was the first native to resist Spanish colonization.  He is best known for the Battle of Mactan that happened at dawn on April 27, 1521, where he and his soldiers defeated Ferdinand Magellan.  The battle ended up in the killing of Magellan and the end of his expedition and it delayed the Spanish occupation of the islands by over forty years until the expedition of Miguel López de Legazpi in 1564.  Monuments to Lapu-Lapu have been built in Manila and Cebu while the Philippine National Police and the Bureau of Fire Protection use his image. Francisco Serrão (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer and a cousin of Ferdinand Magellan.  His 1512 voyage was the first known European sailing east past Malacca through modern Indonesia and the East Indies.  He became a confidante of the Sultan Bayan Sirrullah, the ruler of Ternate, becoming his personal advisor.  He remained in Ternate where he died around the same time Magellan died. Rajah Humabon, later baptized as Don Carlos, was the Rajah of Cebu at the time of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's arrival in the Philippines in 1521.  There is no official record of his existence before the Spanish contact in 1521.  The existing information was written by Magellan's voyage chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta on Humabon and the indigenous Philippine realms that existed prior to Spanish colonisation. A cockfight is a blood sport between two cocks, or gamecocks, held in a ring called a cockpit.  The history of raising fowl for fighting goes back 6,000 years.  The first documented use of the "word" gamecock, denoting use of the cock as to a "game", a sport, pastime or entertainment, was recorded in 1634, after the term "cock of the game" used by George Wilson, in the earliest known book on the sport of cockfighting in "The Commendation of Cocks and Cock Fighting" in 1607.  But it was during Magellan's voyage of discovery of the Philippines in 1521 when modern cockfighting was first witnessed and documented by Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan's chronicler, in the kingdom of Taytay. The MYH16 gene encodes a protein called myosin heavy chain 16 which is a muscle protein in mammals.  At least in primates, it is a specialized muscle protein found only in the temporalis and masseter muscles of the jaw.  Myosin heavy chain proteins are important in muscle contraction, and if they are missing, the muscles will be smaller.  In non-human primates, MYH16 is functional and the animals have powerful jaw muscles.  In humans, the MYH16 gene has a mutation which causes the protein not to function.  Although the exact importance of this change in accounting for differences between humans and other apes is not yet clear, such a change may be related to increased brain size and finer control of the jaw which facilitates speech.  It is not clear how the MYH16 mutation relates to other changes to the jaw and skull in early human evolution (for example, whether the MYH16 mutation happened first and led to other changes, or whether the MYH16 mutation happened after other changes made the MYH16 protein no longer necessary). Victoria (or Nao "Victoria, as well as Vittoria") was a Spanish carrack and the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world.  "Victoria" was part of a Spanish expedition commanded by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, and after his death during the voyage, by Juan Sebastián Elcano.  The expedition began on August 10, 1519 with five ships but "Victoria" was the only ship to complete the voyage, returning on September 6, 1522.  Magellan was killed in the Philippines.  The ship was built at a shipyard in Gipuzkoa, with the Basques being reputed shipbuilders at the time, and along with the four other ships, she was given to Magellan by King Charles I of Spain (The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V).  "Victoria" was named after the church of Santa Maria de la Victoria de Triana, where Magellan took an oath of allegiance to Charles V. "Victoria" was an 85 ton ship with a crew of 42. Alonso de Arellano was a 16th-century Spanish explorer who commanded one ship out of five fleets that re-discovered the Philippines after the Magellan and López de Villalobos expedition.  Spanish and Philippine historians stated that Arellano actually discovered the Philippines first before Miguel López de Legazpi, splitting off from the rest of the fleet in the galleon patache "San Lucas", piloted by Lope Martín, after leaving the port of Barra de Navidad in Mexico.  Arellano discovered a number of islands in January 1565 and sailed back to Acapulco, becoming the first navigator to established the "Urdaneta's Route" in the Pacific Ocean.  Andrés de Urdaneta was part of the fleet of Arellano, who had separated from the group and discovered the same path afterwards.  Urdaneta kept better documents and maps of the voyage and so the credit was given to him by historians. The history of Belgium predates the founding of the modern state of that name in 1830.  Belgium's history is intertwined with those of its neighbours: the Netherlands, Germany, France and Luxembourg.  For most of its history, what is now Belgium was either a part of a larger territory, such as the Carolingian Empire, or divided into a number of smaller states, prominent among them being the Duchy of Brabant, the County of Flanders, the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and County of Luxembourg.  Due to its strategic location and the many armies fighting on its soil, since the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Belgium has often been called the "battlefield of Europe" or the "cockpit of Europe".  It is also remarkable as a European nation which contains, and is divided by, a language boundary between Latin-derived French and Germanic Dutch. Enrique of Malacca (Spanish: "Enrique de Malaca" ; Portuguese: "Henrique de Malaca" ), was a native of the Malay Archipelago who became a slave of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the 16th century.  Italian historian Antonio Pigafetta, who wrote the most comprehensive account of Magellan's voyage, named him "Henrique" (which was Hispanicised as "Enrique" in official Spanish documents).  Pigafetta explicitly states that "Henrique" was a native of Sumatra.  According to biographer-philosopher Stefan Zweig, he is the first person to circumnavigate the world.  His name appears as "Henrique", which is Portuguese, and is probably the name given to him at his christening, as he was baptised a Roman Catholic by his Portuguese captors.  His name appears only in Pigafetta's account, in Magellan's Last Will, and in official documents at the "Casa de Contratación de las Indias" of the Magellan expedition to the Philippines.
Answer: Magellan's voyage of discovery of the Philippines