Question: Who is the French composer who, in 1899, wrote a well-known solo piano piece for Prince Edmond de Polignac?
Context: Francis Poulenc's Concerto pour deux pianos (Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra) in D minor, FP 61, was commissioned by and dedicated to the Princess Edmond de Polignac and composed over the period of three months in the summer of 1932.  It is often described as the climax of Poulenc's early period.  The composer wrote to the Belgian musicologist Paul Collaer: "You will see for yourself what an enormous step forward it is from my previous work and that I am really entering my great period."  Poulenc composed the concerto for the Princess Edmond de Polignac, an American-born arts patron to whom many early 20th-century masterpieces are dedicated, including Stravinsky’s "Renard", Ravel’s "Pavane pour une infante défunte", Kurt Weill’s Second Symphony, and Satie’s "Socrates".  Her Paris salon was a gathering place for the musical avant-garde. Aglaé Louise Françoise Gabrielle de Polignac (7 May 1768 – 30 March 1803) was the daughter of Gabrielle de Polastron, the favourite and confidante of Marie Antoinette, and her husband, the 1st "duc de Polignac". In mathematics, Legendre's formula gives an expression for the exponent of the largest power of a prime "p" that divides the factorial "n"<nowiki>! </nowiki>.  It is named for Adrien-Marie Legendre.  It is also sometimes known as de Polignac's formula, after Alphonse de Polignac. Armande de Polignac, Comtesse de Chabannes-La Palice (Marie Armande Mathilde; 8 January 1876 – 29 April 1962) was a French composer, the niece of Prince Edmond de Polignac and Princess Winnaretta de Polignac, the patron of Ravel, Stravinsky and Milhaud.  She studied with Vincent d'Indy at Schola Cantorum, and married the Comte de Chabanne la Palice. Valse romantique is a solo piano piece written by the French composer Claude Debussy (1862–1918) in 1890.  It is in the key of F minor. Concerto for Solo Piano (French: "Concerto pour piano seul" ) is a 3-movement solo piano piece written by Charles-Valentin Alkan.  The pieces are part of a 12 piece cycle entitled "Douze études dans tous les tons mineurs" (12 Studies in the Minor Keys), published in 1857 (although it may have been written some years earlier).  With sections marked "Tutti", "Solo" and "Piano", the piece requires the soloist to present the voices of both the orchestra and the soloist.  The pianist Jack Gibbons comments: "The style and form of the music take on a monumental quality—rich, thickly set textures and harmonies ... conjure up the sound world of a whole orchestra and tax the performer, both physically and mentally, to the limit." Winnaretta Singer, Princesse Edmond de Polignac (8 January 186526 November 1943), was an American-born heir to the Singer sewing machine fortune.  She used this to fund a wide range of causes, notably a musical salon where her protégés included Debussy and Ravel, and numerous public health projects in Paris, where she lived most of her life.  Singer made two marriages that were unconsummated, and openly enjoyed many high-profile relationships with women. A piano piece or piece for piano (German: "Klavierstück" , ] ; French: "morceau [or] pièce pour (le) piano" , ] ) is a piece of music for piano.  It is a generic name for any composition for the instrument, but when capitalised (Piano Piece, Piece for Piano) the name is used to indicate a (usually) single-movement composition for solo piano that has not been given a more specific name (such as Sonatina, "Allegro de concert" or "Le Bananier"), for example: Pavane pour une infante défunte ("Pavane for a Dead Infanta") is a well-known piece written for solo piano by the French composer Maurice Ravel in 1899 when he was studying composition at the Conservatoire de Paris under Gabriel Fauré.  Ravel also published an orchestrated version of the "Pavane" in 1910; it is scored for two flutes, oboe, two clarinets (in B-flat), two bassoons, two horns, harp, and strings.  A typical performance of the piece lasts between six and seven minutes.  It is widely considered a masterpiece. Prince Edmond Melchior Jean Marie de Polignac (19 April 18348 August 1901) was a French composer.
Answer: Maurice Ravel