Question: Which Russian writer was born in 1818 and died in 1883?
Context: Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev ( ; Russian: Ива́н Серге́евич Турге́нев ; ] ; November 9 [O.S. October 28] 1818 September 3, 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, and playwright. Fat and Thin (Russian: Толстый и тонкий ) ― is a satirical short story written by Russian writer Anton Chekhov, that was first published in 1883 in humorous magazine "Oskolki". Löb Nevakhovich, or Lev Nikolayevich (Leib ben Noach) Nevakhovich (Russian: Лев Николаевич (Лейб Бен Ноах) Невахович , born between 1776 and 1778, Letychiv, Podolia – 13 August [O.S. 1 August] 1831 , Saint Petersburg), was Jewish Russian writer and one of the first maskilim in Russia.  Nevakhovich was friend and protégé of Abram Peretz.  He went to St. Petersburg toward the end of Catherine II's reign, and engaged in commercial pursuits, then turned to literature.  He was among the first Russian Jews to gain a mastery of the Russian language, starting with translations from German, Hebrew and Swedish.  Nevakhovich was a linguist, a student of philosophy, and an ardent admirer of Moses Mendelssohn.  Nevakhovich held patriotic views regarding both his Jewish heritage and the Russian Empire, expressing his gratitude for opportunities of growth.  He also was optimistic in regard to the future of the Jews and assumed that they would be granted greater liberty.  In 1806 Nevakhovich was baptized into the Lutheran Church (Russian Orthodox according to other sources).  In 1817 he moved to Warsaw where he started working for the Ministry of Finance.  In 1831 he returned to St. Petersburg in order to mount one of his plays on the stage, but he died before he could accomplish his purpose.  Nevakhovich is interred in Volkovo Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Smoke (Russian Дым Dym) is an 1867 novel by the Russian writer Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883) that tells the story of a love affair between a young Russian man and a young married Russian woman while also delivering the author's criticism of Russia and Russians of the period.  The story takes place largely in the German resort town of Baden-Baden. Vasily Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko (Russian: Васи́лий Ива́нович Немиро́вич-Да́нченко , born 23 December (4 January), 1845, Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Georgia), Russian Empire – died 18 September 1936, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Russian writer, essayist, journalist, memoirist, and the brother of famous theater director Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.  Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko, the most prolific Russian Empire writer of the late 19th-early 20th century, published more than 250 books; he was widely popular among the general reading public, but had little success with mainstream critics. Innokenty Vasilyevich Fyodorov (Russian: Иннокентий Васильевич Фёдоров , 26 October 1836, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Imperial Russia, — 26 December 1883, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia) was a Russian writer, poet and translator better known under his pen name Omulevsky (Омулевский) and occasionally referred to as Fyodorov-Omulevsky. Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus', the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union.  The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed.  By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama.  Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore.  Prose was flourishing as well.  The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol.  Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels.  Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky soon became internationally renowned.  In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist.  The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry.  The poets most often associated with the "Silver Age" are Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov, Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Marina Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak.  This era produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Fyodor Sologub, Aleksey Remizov, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. Pavel Ivanovich Melnikov (alias Andrey Pechersky, Russian: Па́вел Ива́нович Ме́льников (Андре́й Пече́рский) , 1818, Nizhny Novgorod—1883) was a Russian writer, best known for his novels "In the Forests" and "On the Hills", which describe the unique life of Transvolga and use its dialects. Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Новико́в ) (8 May [O.S. 27 April] 1744 , Moscow Governorate – 12 August [O.S. 31 July] 1818 .  Moscow Governorate) was a Russian writer and philanthropist most representative of his country's Enlightenment.  Frequently considered to be the first Russian journalist, he aimed at advancing the cultural and educational level of the Russian public. An Enigmatic Nature (Russian: Загадочная натура ) ― is a short story of the Russian writer Anton Chekhov written in 1883.  The story was first published in the humorous magazine "Oskolki" on March 19, 1883 under the pseudonym "Antosha Chekhonte".
Answer: Ivan Turgenev