Question: Which president signed into the Act which was to lower barriers to adoption and double the rate of adoption of children in foster care by 2002 from a 1996?
Context: The Adoption 2002 Initiative was a program instituted in the United States during the late 1990s by the Clinton Administration.  Based on the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, the aim of the program was to lower barriers to adoption and double the rate of adoption of children in foster care by 2002 from a 1996 figure of 27,000 to a 2002 figure of 54,000. The Donaldson Adoption Institute is an institute which was started in 1996 that focuses on the adoption experience, foster care adoption, adoption support services and the modern family. On National Adoption Day courts and communities in the United States come together to finalize thousands of adoptions of children from foster care.  More than 300 events are held each year on the Saturday before Thanksgiving in November, in all 50 US states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico to finalize the adoptions of children in foster care.  In total, more than 40,000 children have been adopted from foster care on National Adoption Day. The Heart Gallery is a photographic exhibit of children in foster care who are awaiting adoption.  Photographers across the United States donate their services to create compelling portraits that capture the spirit and personality of each child.  Display of the photographs online and in public venues raises awareness of the need for foster care adoption and helps connect interested families and waiting children.  The Heart Gallery began in New Mexico in 2001 and has since grown nationwide. The Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute (CCAI) is an American non-partisan, non-profit organization "dedicated to raising awareness about the tens of thousands of orphans and foster children in the United States and the millions of orphans around the world in need of permanent, safe, and loving homes through adoption; and to eliminating the barriers that hinder these children from realizing their basic right of a family."  CCAI seeks to educate and inform Members of Congress in adoption, foster care, and child welfare issues that affect their constituents.  This is done through congressional briefings, leadership training programs, educational trips, and other notable programs.  The Institute's work is entirely funded by donations and gifts from organizations and individuals like the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Rachel M. Ewald is the founder and chairwoman of Foster Care Support Foundation, Inc.  The Foster Care Support Foundation FCSF is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that provides clothing, equipment, and toys to at least 3000 foster and displaced children throughout the state of Georgia annually.  The services are free for those raised on basic state per-diem and for grandparents and relatives raising their grandchildren, nieces or nephews without the biological parent/s present in the home.  In 1996, Ewald began collecting and distributing clothing and toy donations from neighbors to give to local foster children in need.  The program and need grew quickly and the Foundation was incorporated in 2000.  Ewald, a foster parent herself of fourteen years to over 50 children and mother of four biological children, understood the difficulty of raising a child on fifty to seventy five cents per hour.  The center allows for more foster parents to afford to care for state children, while also allowing the children to acquire their own clothes, toys, and be much like any other child after losing everything when pulled from their biological homes.  The organization's donation/distribution center, located at 115 Mansell Place in Roswell GA is set up like a retail store and is fully stocked with clothing, toys, bikes, highchairs, and other necessities, where foster parents throughout the state can come, by appointment, and shop for free.  Rachel Ewald has also written a set of transition guidelines "Healthy Children, Healthy Adults" for foster care and adoption, with the intent of reducing disruption and trauma in foster and adoptive home and when reunifying children with their biological families. Utah Foster Care (UFC), formerly "Utah Foster Care Foundation" is a non-profit organization that provides foster families for the State of Utah.  Since their founding, UFC has played a role in caring for young children who have been subjected to abuse, neglect, and other hardships by their caretakers.  As of 2013, at any given time in Utah, there are about 2,700 children experiencing crisis in the home who are in need of foster care.  Nearly half of all cases involve substance abuse by biological parents.  Given the difficult circumstances and special needs of these children, UFC's goal is to find and prepare foster parents to meet those needs.  They accomplish this goal by finding, educating, and nurturing families willing to open their homes to children in foster care. The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (Pub.L.  106–169 , 113 Stat.  1882 , enacted  14, 1999 ) aims to assist youth aging out of foster care in the United States in obtaining and maintaining independent living skills.  Youth aging out of foster care, or transitioning out of the formal foster care system, are one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged populations.  As youth age out of the foster care system at age 18, they are expected to become self-sufficient immediately, even though on average youth in the United States are not expected to reach self-sufficiency until age 26. The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA, Public Law 105-89) was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 19, 1997, after having been approved by the United States Congress earlier in the month. Kinship care is the raising of children by grandparents, other extended family members, and adults with whom they have a close family-like relationship such as godparents and close family friends because biological parents are unable to do so for whatever reason.  Legal custody of a child may or may not be involved, and the child may be related by blood, marriage, or adoption.  This arrangement is also known as "kincare" or "relative care."  Kinship placement may reduce the number of home placements children experience; allow children to maintain connections to communities, schools, and family members; and increase the likelihood of eventual reunification with birth parents.  It is less costly to taxpayers than formal foster care and keeps many children out of the foster care system.  "Grandfamily" is a recently coined term in the United States that refers to families engaged in kinship care.
Answer: Bill Clinton