Question: When was the English criminal on which Bronson was based born?
Context: Vincent Michael Palmer (1966, Birmingham – 2004, Milton Keynes) was a notorious English criminal, whose criminal activities during the 1990's saw him labelled the most wanted criminal in the English Midlands.  60 foot high mugshots of Palmer were displayed outside West Midlands Police headquarters in Birmingham. Sir John Cyril Smith, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (15 January 1922 – 14 February 2003) was an authority on English criminal law and the philosophy of criminal liability.  Together with Brian Hogan he was the author of "Smith & Hogan's Criminal Law", a leading undergraduate text on English criminal law.  The book is now in its fourteenth edition (2015) and has been used as persuasive authority in English Criminal courts and elsewhere in the common law world.  In 1998, Lord Bingham praised Smith; "whom most would gladly hail as the outstanding criminal lawyer of our time."  Smith and Hogan's Criminal Law is now edited by Professor David Ormerod QC. The Criminal Law Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo IV c. 28) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, applicable only to England and Wales.  It abolished many obsolete procedural devices in English criminal law, particularly the benefit of clergy.  It was repealed by the Criminal Law Act 1967. Blackstone's Criminal Practice is a book about English criminal law.  The First Edition was published by Blackstone Press in 1991.  The Twenty-seventh Edition was published by Oxford University Press in 2016.  In 2016, the Judicial Executive Board selected "Blackstone's Criminal Practice" 2017 as the principal practitioner text for all criminal courts in England and Wales. R. v. Constanza [1997] 2 Cr App Rep 492 is an English case, which was heard by the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal on appeal from the Crown Court and is well-known (amongst other cases) for establishing the legal precedent in English criminal law, that assault could be committed by causing the victim to apprehend violence which was to take place some time in the not immediate future, that it is not necessary for the victim to see the potential perpetrator of the violence and that it was for the prosecution to prove that fear was in the victim's mind, but how it got there is irrelevant. Bronson is a 2008 British fictionalized biographical crime film co-written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn and starring Tom Hardy.  The film follows the life of notorious prisoner Michael Gordon Peterson, who was renamed Charles Bronson by his fight promoter.  Born into a respectable middle-class family, Peterson would nevertheless become one of the United Kingdom's most dangerous criminals, and is known for having spent almost his entire adult life in solitary confinement.  "Bronson" is narrated with humour, blurring the line between comedy and horror. The Criminal Law Act 1967 (c.58) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  However, with some minor exceptions, it generally applies to only England and Wales.  It made some major changes to English criminal law.  Most of it is still in force. Charles Arthur "Charlie" Salvador (born Michael Gordon Peterson also known as Charles Bronson; 6 December 1952) is an English criminal who is often referred to in the British press as the "most violent prisoner in Britain" and "Britain's most notorious prisoner".  He has spent periods detained in the Rampton, Broadmoor and Ashworth high-security psychiatric hospitals. Corporate manslaughter is a criminal offence in English law, being an act of homicide committed by a company or organisation.  In general, in English criminal law, a juristic person is in the same position as a natural person, and may be convicted for committing many offences.  The Court of Appeal confirmed in one of the cases following the "Herald of Free Enterprise" disaster that a company can, in principle, commit manslaughter, although all defendants in that case were acquitted. The omissions of individuals are generally not criminalised in English criminal law, subject to situations of special duty, contractual duty, and the creation of dangerous situations.  Whilst other jurisdictions have adopted general statutory duties to rescue, it is not recognised in English law that an individual has any duty to assist strangers in situations of peril.  Proponents of the current legal position regard it as wrong for the criminal law to punish individuals for committing no physical act, which it is argued would be an infringement on human autonomy.  Academics arguing for reform argue that a social responsibility to assist others should exist, particularly where there would be no danger to the rescuer.
Answer: 6 December 1952