Question: What failed plot to kill James I did Robert Catesby attempt to carry out?
Context: Jean-Baptiste Cyrus de Timbrune de Thiembronne, Comte de Valence (22 September 1757 – 4 February 1822) commanded French troops during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.  A nobleman, he joined the French Royal Army as a captain of cavalry in 1778.  By the time of the French Revolution he commanded a cavalry regiment.  Valence led troops at Valmy in 1792 and was soon appointed to command the Army of the Ardennes.  He led the right wing at Neerwinden.  Becoming involved in Charles Francois Dumouriez's failed plot to seize control of the army, he defected in April 1793. Robert Wintour (1568 – 30 January 1606) and Thomas Wintour (1571 or 1572 – 31 January 1606), also spelt Winter, were members of the Gunpowder Plot, a failed conspiracy to assassinate King James I.  Brothers, they were related to other conspirators, such as their cousin, Robert Catesby, and a half-brother, John Wintour, also joined them following the plot's failure.  Thomas was an intelligent and educated man, fluent in several languages and trained as a lawyer, but chose instead to become a soldier, fighting for England in the Low Countries, France, and possibly in Central Europe.  By 1600, however, he changed his mind and became a fervent Catholic.  On several occasions he travelled to the continent and entreated Spain on behalf of England's oppressed Catholics, and suggested that with Spanish support a Catholic rebellion was likely. Robert Catesby (born in or after 1572, died 8 November 1605) was the leader of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Manuel Vicente Maza (1779 – June 27, 1839) was an Argentine lawyer and federal politician.  He was governor of Buenos Aires, and was killed after the discovery of a failed plot to kill Juan Manuel de Rosas. Sir Richard Walsh was an English politician who served as High Sheriff of Worcestershire and is noted for his role in defeating Robert Catesby's remaining followers at Holbeche House following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot.  He came from Shelsley Walsh. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby. John Grant (c. 1570 – 30 January 1606) was a member of the failed Gunpowder Plot, a conspiracy to replace the Protestant King James I of England with a Catholic monarch.  Grant was born around 1570, and lived at Norbrook in Warwickshire.  He married the sister of another plotter, Thomas Wintour.  Grant was enlisted by Robert Catesby, a religious zealot who had grown so impatient with James's lack of toleration for Catholics that he planned to kill him, by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder.  Grant's role in the conspiracy was to provide supplies for a planned Midlands uprising, during which James's daughter, Princess Elizabeth, would be captured.  However, on the eve of the planned explosion, Guy Fawkes was discovered guarding the explosives the plotters had positioned in the undercroft beneath the House of Lords, and arrested. The Gunpowder Plot was a failed assassination attempt against King James VI of Scotland and I of England by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.  The conspirators' aim was to blow up the House of Lords at the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605, while the king and many other important members of the aristocracy and nobility were inside.  The conspirator who became most closely associated with the plot in the popular imagination was Guy Fawkes, who had been assigned the task of lighting the fuse to the explosives. Sir Everard Digby (c. 1578 – 30 January 1606) was a member of the group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.  Although he was raised in a Protestant household, and married a Protestant, Digby and his wife were converted to Catholicism by the Jesuit priest John Gerard.  In the autumn of 1605 he was part of a Catholic pilgrimage to the shrine of St Winefride's Well in Holywell.  About this time he met Robert Catesby, a religious fanatic who planned to blow up the House of Lords with gunpowder, killing James I.  Catesby then planned to incite a popular revolt, during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the English throne. Terry Schrunk Plaza is a park located in downtown Portland, Oregon.  Located across from City Hall, the park is named after former Portland mayor Terry Schrunk and neighbors the Plaza Blocks consisting of Chapman Square and Lownsdale Square.  The park is not a city park, but instead owned by the federal government.  Schrunk Plaza is across Third Avenue from the Edith Green – Wendell Wyatt Federal Building, and the plaza covers an underground parking structure for that building.  That structure was the planned assassination site of Charles H. Turner in the failed plot by members of the Rajneeshees in 1985 to kill Turner, the U.S. Attorney for Oregon who worked in the building.
Answer: Gunpowder Plot of 1605