Question: what was the birth year of a sociologist of science who testified for the plaintiffs in a case involving a state Board of Education?
Context: Dorothy Wolfers Nelkin ((1933--) 30, 1933 – (2003--) 28, 2003 ) was an American sociologist of science most noted for her work researching and chronicling the unsettled relationship between science and society at large.  Her work often drew attention to the ramifications of unchecked scientific advances and the unwariness of the public towards scientific authority.  She was the author or co-author of 26 books, including "Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology," "The Molecular Gaze: Art in the Genetic Age," and "Body Bazaar: The Market for Human Tissue in the Biotechnology Age."  She was a supporter of the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), and in 1981 testified for the plaintiffs in McLean v. Arkansas.  She had a broad impact in science studies, the history of science, bioethics and in the public assessment of science and technology.  She was one of the founding members of the Society for the Social Studies of Science and served on governmental and other advisory boards.  She often addressed the legal community, political leaders and the general public. Bank Markazi v. Peterson, 578 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case that found that a law which only applied to a specific case, identified by docket number, and eliminated all of the defenses one party had raised does not violate the separation of powers in the United States Constitution between the legislative (Congress) and judicial branches of government.  The plaintiffs in the trial court, respondents in the Supreme Court, were several parties who had obtained judgments against Iran for its role in supporting state-sponsored terrorism, particularly the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings and 1996 Khobar Towers bombing, and sought execution against a bank account in New York held, through European intermediaries, on behalf of Bank Markazi, the state-owned Central Bank of Iran.  The initial plaintiffs obtained court orders preventing the transfer of funds from the account in 2008 and initiated their lawsuit in 2010.  Bank Markazi raised several defenses against the execution against the account, including that the account was not an asset "of" the bank, but rather an asset of its European intermediary, under both New York state property law and §201(a) of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act.  In response to concerns that existing laws were insufficient for the account to be used to settle the judgments, Congress included a section within a 2012 bill, codified after enactment as 22 U.S.C. § 8772, that identified the pending lawsuit by docket number, applied only to the assets in the identified case, and essentially abrogated every legal basis available to Bank Markazi to prevent the plaintiffs from executing their claims against the account.  Bank Markazi then argued that § 8772 was an unconstitutional breach of the separation of power between the legislative and judicial branches of government, because it effectively directed a particular result in a single case without changing the generally applicable law.  The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and, on appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit both upheld the constitutionality of § 8772 and cleared the way for the plaintiffs to execute their judgments against the account, which held about $1.75 billion in cash. The Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) administers public education in the state of Illinois.  The State Board consists of nine members who are appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate.  Board members serve four-year terms, with State Board membership limited to two consecutive terms.  The board sets educational policies and guidelines for public and private schools, preschool through grade 12, as well as vocational education.  It analyzes the aims, needs and requirements of education and recommends legislation to the Illinois General Assembly and Governor for the benefit of the more than 2 million school children in the state. McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F. Supp.  1255, 1258-1264 (ED Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in the US state of Arkansas. Matthew Buchanan is a fictional character on the American soap opera "One Life to Live".  Born onscreen in 1999, the character was rapidly aged in 2001 with the casting of Eddie Alderson, re-establishing his birth year as 1994 (which is also Alderson's birth year).  Alderson stayed with the series until the ABC Daytime finale in 2012.  Upon resuming as a web series via The Online Network, Robert Gorrie was cast in the role and debuted April 29, 2013, ultimately revising his birth year to 1992. Dennis A. Wicker (born June 14, 1952) is an American lawyer and politician from Sanford who served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (1981–1993), and as the 31st Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina (1993–2001).  As lieutenant governor, he became the first statewide elected official to chair the State Board of Community Colleges, which sets policy for the state’s 58-campus system.  Wicker was also a member of the North Carolina State Board of Education and the State Board of Economic Development.  He was born in 1952 at Lee County, North Carolina. The Kansas evolution hearings were a series of hearings held in Topeka, Kansas, United States from May 5 to 12, 2005 by the Kansas State Board of Education and its State Board Science Hearing Committee to change how evolution and the origin of life would be taught in the state's public high school science classes.  The hearings were arranged by the Board of Education with the intent of introducing intelligent design into science classes via the Teach the Controversy method. The California State Board of Education is the governing and policy-making body of the California Department of Education.  The State Board of Education sets K-12 education policy in the areas of standards, instructional materials, assessment, and accountability.  The State Board of Education adopts textbooks for grades K-8, adopts regulations to implement legislation, and has authority to grant waivers of the Education Code.  Content standards are designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level.  The State Board of Education has eleven members, including one student member, all appointed by the Governor of California.  The student member is selected from a group of three students nominated by the board.  Those are picked from the delegation of the Student Advisory Board on Education, a conference run by the California Association of Student Councils. Morgan v. Hennigan was the case that defined the school busing controversy in Boston, Massachusetts during the 1970s.  On March 14, 1972 the Boston chapter of the NAACP filed a class action lawsuit against the Boston School Committee on behalf of 14 black parents and 44 children.  Tallulah Morgan headed the list of plaintiffs and James Hennigan then chair of the School Committee, was listed as the main defendant.  The plaintiffs' legal team decided to pursue the case as a violation of the U.S. Constitution.  The School Committee was charged with violating the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments as well as the 1964 Civil Rights Act.  The plaintiffs claimed that the defendants, the School Committee, the Board of Education, and the Education Commissioner, "ha[d] intentionally brought about and maintained racial segregation in the Boston Public Schools."  In short, while Boston was not experiencing "de jure" segregation (segregation as a result of the law), it was experiencing "de facto" segregation (segregation as a result of action).  Judge Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. was randomly assigned to the case.  He did not make a decision until June 21, 1974.  At that point he ruled that the city defendants had contributed to the "establishment of a dual school system," one for each race.  Garrity's solution to the problem of segregation in Boston would become an explosive issue in the city.  The main tactics for reducing segregation were redistricting and busing. John F. Haught is a Distinguished Research Professor at Georgetown University.  He specializes in Roman Catholic systematic theology, with a particular interest in issues pertaining to science, cosmology, evolution, ecology, and religion.  He has authored numerous books and articles, including "Science and Faith: A New Introduction" (2012), "Making Sense of Evolution: Darwin, God, and The Drama of Life" ( 2010), "God and the New Atheism: A Critical Response to Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens" (2008), "Christianity and Science: Toward a Theology of Nature" (2007), "Is Nature Enough?  Meaning and Truth in the Age of Science" (2006), "Purpose, Evolution and the Meaning of Life" (2004), "God After Darwin: A Theology of Evolution" (2000, 2nd ed.  2007), "Science and Religion: From Conflict to Conversation" (1995), "The Promise of Nature: Ecology and Cosmic Purpose" (1993, 2nd ed.  2004), "What is Religion?"  (1990), "What is God?"  (1986), and "The Cosmic Adventure: Science, Religion and the Quest for Purpose" (1984).  In 2002, Haught received the Owen Garrigan Award in Science and Religion, in 2004 the Sophia Award for Theological Excellence, and in 2008 a “Friend of Darwin Award” from the National Center for Science Education.  He also testified for the plaintiffs in Harrisburg, PA “Intelligent Design Trial”(Kitzmiller et al. vs. Dover Board of Education).
Answer: 1933