Question: The Troelfth Cake, is a 1773 French allegory and satire on which event that took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795?
Context: Greater Poland uprising of 1806 was a military insurrection by Poles in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) against the occupying Prussian forces after the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772–1795). The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.  Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first partition.  Frederick the Great engineered the partition to prevent Austria, jealous of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war.  The weakened Commonwealth's land, including what was already controlled by Russia, was apportioned among its more powerful neighbors—Austria, Russia and Prussia—so as to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.  With Poland unable to effectively defend itself, and with foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish parliament (Sejm) ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm convened by the three powers. The Troelfth Cake (also the The Twelfth Cake, The Royal Cake, The Cake of Kings, from the French: "Le gâteau des rois" , Polish: "Kołacz królewski" , "Placek królewski") is a 1773 French allegory and satire on the First Partition of Poland.  It is likely that the original title in English was intended to say "The Twelfth Cake", alluding to the division of a King Cake (also called a Twelfth Cake), but this became corrupted in later reprints.  There are at least four variants of the composition, which is most common as an engraving, but also as at least one color painting; the original was likely drawn by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune and engraved by Nicolas Noël Le Mire (although another source calls them merely the authors of the most famous variant).  Authors of other variants included the German artist Johannes Esaias Nilson. Western Krai (Russian: "Западный край" ) is an unofficial name of the westernmost parts of the Russian Empire, excluding the territory of Congress Poland.  The term embodies lands annexed by the Russian Empire during subsequent partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the end of the 18th century, in 1772, 1793 and 1795.  This area is known in Poland as "Ziemie Zabrane" (Taken Lands, Stolen Lands) but most often they are referred to in Polish historiography and in common talk as part of "Zabór Rosyjski" (literally "Russian Seizure"). Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, was founded in 1558 and postal markings were first introduced in 1764.  The three partitions of Poland in 1772, 1793 and 1795 saw the independent nation of Poland disappear.  The postal services in the areas occupied by Germany and Austria were absorbed into those countries' postal services.  In 1772 the area occupied by Austria was created into the Kingdom of Galicia, a part of the Austrian Empire.  This lasted till 1918.  The Duchy of Warsaw was created briefly, between 1807 and 1813, by Napoleon I of France, from Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit.  In 1815, following Napoleons’ defeat in 1813, the Congress of Vienna, created Congress Poland out of the Duchy of Warsaw and also established the Free City of Kraków.  Congress Poland was placed under the control of Russia and the postal service was given autonomy in 1815.  In 1851 the postal service was put under the control of the Russian post office department regional office in St Petersburg.  In 1855 control was restored for a while to the Congress Kingdom but following the uprising in 1863 again came under Russian control from 1866 and continued until World War I.  In November 1918 the Second Polish Republic was created. Bieżuń is a town in Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 1,903 inhabitants (2004) on the Wkra River.  Jedrzej of Golczew, castellan of Płock, established the town at the end of the 14th century.  Prince Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia granted the city rights charter in 1406 and in 1869, during the Russia's occupation, the town lost its city rights until 1994.  Prior to the Deluge the town was famous and had a strong castle, but it was destroyed during that war.  Polish Crown Kanclerz Andrzej Zamoyski was born there and lived in the palace he built while working on his code of civil laws known as "Zbiór praw sądowych" During Zamojski's residency there, in 1767, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth king Stanisław August Poniatowski granted the renewal of the town charter under the Magdeburg rights.  After the Third of Partitions of Poland town fell into the Prussia's domain, then during the War of the Fourth Coalition there was a small pitched battled between the Napoleonic troops and the Prussians known as battle of Bieżuń, it was a French victory and took place on December 21–23, 1806.  Between 1807-15 it was part of Duchy of Warsaw, then under the Russian dominion until 1918. The Austrian Partition (Polish: "zabór austriacki" ) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg Monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.  The three partitions were conducted jointly by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, resulting in the complete elimination of the Polish Crown.  Austria acquired Polish lands during the First Partition of 1772, and Third Partition of Poland in 1795.  In the end, the Austrian sector encompassed the second-largest share of the Commonwealth's population after Russia; over 2.65 million people living on 128,900 km (49,800 sq mi) of land constituting formerly south-central part of the Republic. The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.  The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.  The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 (see the Grodno Sejm) in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition. The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place towards the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years.  The partitions were conducted by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures. Busk Land (Polish: ziemia buska), named after the town of Busk (now Ukraine), was an administrative unit (ziemia) of both the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.  It was part of Belz Voivodeship, and existed from the 15th century until the Partitions of Poland, when its territory was annexed by the Habsburg Empire (1772).
Answer: First Partition of Poland