anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia
Randomised controlled trials of hydroxyurea in people with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia, compared with placebo or standard treatment or comparing different doses of hydroxyurea.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) for preventing and treating acute bleeds during pregnancy in women with congenital bleeding disorders
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of DDAVP versus tranexamic acid or factor VIII or rFactor VII or fresh frozen plasma in preventing and treating congenital bleeding disorders during pregnancy were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing an aerobic physical exercise intervention, intending to improve the oxygen system, in addition to standard care with standard care only for adults suffering from haematological malignancies. We also included studies that evaluated aerobic exercise in addition to strength training. We excluded studies that investigated the effect of training programmes that were composed of yoga, tai chi chuan, qigong or similar types of exercise. We also excluded studies exploring the influence of strength training without additive aerobic exercise as well as studies assessing outcomes without any clinical impact.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells as treatment or prophylaxis for acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with a haematological condition
We included RCTs of participants with a haematological condition who have undergone an HSCT as treatment for their condition and were randomised to MSCs (intervention arm) or no MSCs (comparator arm), to prevent or treat GvHD. We also included RCTs which compared different doses of MSCs or MSCs of different sources (e.g. bone marrow versus cord). We included MSCs co‐transplanted with haematopoietic stem cells as well as MSCs administered post‐transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells.
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Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in people with cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a short antibiotic therapy course in which discontinuation of antibiotics was guided by protocols regardless of the neutrophil count to a long course in which antibiotics were continued until neutropenia resolution in people with cancer with febrile neutropenia. The primary outcome was 30‐day or end of follow‐up all‐cause mortality.
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Pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia
We included RCTs that compared intravenous administration of a pro‐coagulant haemostatic factor concentrate, either with placebo, current best or standard treatment, or another pro‐coagulant haemostatic factor concentrate for prevention or treatment of bleeding. There was no restriction on the types of participants. We excluded studies of desmopressin, tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid and use of pro‐coagulant haemostatic factors for vitamin K over‐anticoagulation.
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Vaccines for preventing invasive salmonella infections in people with sickle cell disease
We planned to select all randomized controlled trials that compared the use of either the inactivated vaccine or an oral attenuated vaccine with a placebo among people with sickle cell disease. Equally, studies that compared the efficacy of one vaccine type over another were to be selected for the review.
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Insecticide‐treated nets for preventing malaria
We included individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs comparing bed nets or curtains treated with a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide at a minimum target impregnation dose recommended by the WHO with no nets or untreated nets.
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Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease
Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells compared to placebo or an alternative treatment.
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Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as well as non‐RCTs and controlled before‐and‐after studies (CBAs), that met Cochrane EPOC (Effective Practice and Organisation of Care) criteria, that involved the transfusion of platelets prior to surgery (any dose, at any time, single or multiple) in people with low platelet counts. We excluded studies on people with a low platelet count who were actively bleeding.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for sickle cell disease
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing Hib conjugate vaccines with placebo or no treatment, or comparing different types of Hib conjugate vaccines in people with SCD.
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Effects of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in addition to chemotherapy for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (non‐APL))
We included RCTs comparing chemotherapy alone with chemotherapy plus ATRA in patients with all stages of AML. We excluded trials if less than 80% of participants were adults or participants with AML, and if no subgroup data were available. Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were included, if they had a refractory anaemia and more than 20% of blasts.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Comparison of a therapeutic‐only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion policy for people with congenital or acquired bone marrow failure disorders
We included RCTs, non‐RCTs, and CBAs that involved the transfusion of platelet concentrates (prepared either from individual units of whole blood or by apheresis any dose, frequency, or transfusion trigger) and given to treat or prevent bleeding among people with congenital or acquired bone marrow failure disorders.We excluded uncontrolled studies, cross‐sectional studies, and case‐control studies. We excluded cluster‐RCTs, non‐randomised cluster trials, and CBAs with fewer than two intervention sites and two control sites due to the risk of confounding. We included all people with long‐term bone marrow failure disorders that require platelet transfusions, including neonates. We excluded studies of alternatives to platelet transfusion, or studies of people receiving intensive chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant.
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Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised, placebo‐controlled trials of folate supplementation for SCD.
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Mosquito repellents for malaria prevention
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster‐randomized controlled trials of topical repellents proven to repel mosquitoes; permethrin‐treated clothing; and spatial repellents such as mosquito coils. We included trials that investigated the use of repellents with or without LLINs, referred to as insecticide‐treated nets.
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Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: an updated network meta‐analysis
Any randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing bisphosphonates versus placebo/no treatment/bisphosphonates and observational studies or case reports examining bisphosphonate‐related ONJ in patients with MM were eligible for inclusion.
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Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients with solid tumours
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TPO‐RAs alone, or in combination with other drugs, to placebo, no treatment, other drugs, or another TPO‐RAs for CIT in patients with solid tumours.
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Splenectomy versus conservative management for acute sequestration crises in people with sickle cell disease
All randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing splenectomy (total or partial) to prevent recurrence of acute splenic sequestration crises with no treatment or blood transfusions in people with sickle cell disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Gaucher disease
All randomised, quasi‐randomised and controlled clinical trials comparing stem cell transplantation with enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, symptomatic treatment or no treatment in people with Gaucher disease of all ages.
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Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn
All randomised and quasi‐randomised trials of prophylactic intravenous calcium in EBT for newborns.
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Thrombopoietin mimetics for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
We included randomised controlled trials comparing TPO mimetics with placebo, no further treatment or another TPO mimetic in patients with MDS of all risk groups, without gender, age or ethnicity restrictions. Additional chemotherapeutic treatment had to be equal in both arms.
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Plasma transfusions prior to lumbar punctures and epidural catheters for people with abnormal coagulation
We planned to include RCTs, non‐RCTs, and CBAs involving transfusions of plasma given to prevent bleeding in people of any age with a coagulopathy requiring insertion of a lumbar puncture needle or epidural catheter. If identified, we would have excluded uncontrolled studies, cross‐sectional studies and case‐control studies. We would only have included cluster‐RCTs, non‐randomised cluster trials, and CBAs with at least two intervention sites and two control sites. In studies with only one intervention or control site, the intervention (or comparison) is completely confounded by study site making it difficult to attribute any observed differences to the intervention rather than to other site‐specific variables.We planned to exclude people with haemophilia as they should be treated with the appropriate factor concentrate. We also planned to exclude people on warfarin as guidelines recommend the use of prothrombin complex concentrate for emergency reversal of warfarin.
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Bypassing agent prophylaxis in people with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors
We included randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled studies (cross‐over or parallel design) evaluating the effect of prophylaxis treatment with bypassing agents compared with on‐demand treatment, or studies evaluating the effects of high‐dose compared with low‐dose prophylaxis in males of any age with hemophilia with inhibitors.
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Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression‐free survival: individual participant data analysis
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for untreated HL patients which enrolled at least 50 patients per arm, completed recruitment by 2007 and performed a treatment comparison relevant to our objectives.
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Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia
Randomised controlled studies comparing deferasirox with no therapy or placebo or with another iron‐chelating treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fluid replacement therapy for acute episodes of pain in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared the administration of supplemental fluids adjunctive to analgesics by any route in people with any type of sickle cell disease during an acute painful episode, under medical supervision (inpatient, day care or community).
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Pathogen‐reduced platelets for the prevention of bleeding
We included RCTs comparing the transfusion of pathogen‐reduced platelets with standard platelets, or comparing different types of pathogen‐reduced platelets.
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Comparison of first‐line chemotherapy including escalated BEACOPP versus chemotherapy including ABVD for people with early unfavourable or advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma
We included randomised controlled trials examining chemotherapy including at least two cycles of escalated BEACOPP regimens compared with chemotherapy including at least four cycles of ABVD regimens as first‐line treatment for patients with early unfavourable stage or advanced stage HL.
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Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma
We included RCTs comparing chemotherapy alone with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in patients with early stage HL. We excluded trials with more than 20% of patients in advanced stage. As the value of radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy is still not clear, we also compared to more cycles of chemotherapy in the control arm. In this updated review, we also included a second comparison evaluating trials with varying numbers of cycles of chemotherapy between intervention and control arms, same chemotherapy regimen in both arms assumed. We excluded trials evaluating children only, therefore only trials involving adults are included in this updated review.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative patients
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which participants were postoperative patients allocated to receive prophylaxis with UFH or LMWH, in a blinded or unblinded fashion. Studies were excluded if they did not use the accepted definition of HIT. This was defined as a relative reduction in the platelet count of 50% or greater from the postoperative peak (even if the platelet count at its lowest remained greater than 150 x 109/L) occurring within five to 14 days after the surgery, with or without a thrombotic event occurring in this timeframe. Additionally, we required circulating antibodies associated with the syndrome to have been investigated through laboratory assays.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Exercise for haemophilia
Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled studies comparing any exercise intervention considered relevant in haemophilia management including supervised, unsupervised, aquatic, strengthening, aerobic or cardiovascular, stretching, proprioceptive and balance training exercise programs in males of any age with haemophilia A or B of any severity (those with co‐morbidities were not excluded).
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Antibiotics for treating community‐acquired pneumonia in people with sickle cell disease
We searched for published or unpublished randomized controlled trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hydroxyurea for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemias
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of hydroxyurea in people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia comparing hydroxyurea with placebo or standard treatment or comparing different doses of hydroxyurea.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Alternative agents to prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with thrombocytopenia due to chronic bone marrow failure: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
We included randomised controlled trials in people with thrombocytopenia due to chronic bone marrow failure who were allocated to either an alternative to platelet transfusion (artificial platelet substitutes, platelet‐poor plasma, fibrinogen concentrate, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa), desmopressin (DDAVP), recombinant factor XIII (rFXIII), recombinant interleukin (rIL)6 or rIL11, or thrombopoietin (TPO) mimetics) or a comparator (placebo, standard of care or platelet transfusion). We excluded people undergoing intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transfusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing bisphosphonates to placebo, no treatment, or comparator interventions in all types of osteogenesis imperfecta.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for patients and caregivers to improve knowledge of sickle cell disease and recognition of its related complications
Randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials which evaluate the effectiveness of individual‐ and group‐based interventions for either the patient with sickle cell disease or their caregivers, or both. Eligible interventions will aim to change knowledge, attitudes or skills, improve psychosocial aspects of the disease as well as treatment adherence and healthcare utilization. Trials evaluating the intervention versus no program, comparing two interventions and those which are part of a multi‐faceted intervention to improve a range of sickle cell‐related health outcomes are all eligible for inclusion.
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Bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared i) bortezomib versus no bortezomib with the same background therapy in each arm; ii) bortezomib versus no bortezomib with different background therapy in each arm or compared to other agent(s) and iii) bortezomib dose comparisons and comparisons of different treatment administrations and schedules.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antifibrinolytics (lysine analogues) for the prevention of bleeding in people with haematological disorders
We included RCTs involving participants with haematological disorders, who would routinely require prophylactic platelet transfusions to prevent bleeding. We only included trials involving the use of the lysine analogues TXA and EACA.
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Subsidising artemisinin‐based combination therapy in the private retail sector
Randomised trials, non‐randomised trials, controlled before‐after studies and interrupted‐time‐series studies that compared the effects of ACT price subsidies for private retailers to no subsidies or alternative ACT financing mechanisms were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently screened and selected studies for inclusion.
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Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas
We included individually randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs conducted in hyperendemic and holoendemic malaria regions or that reported on any malaria‐related outcomes that included children younger than 18 years of age. We included trials that compared orally administered iron, iron with folic acid, and iron with antimalarial treatment versus placebo or no treatment. We included trials of iron supplementation or fortification interventions if they provided at least 80% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for prevention of anaemia by age. Antihelminthics could be administered to either group, and micronutrients had to be administered equally to both groups.
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Granulocyte and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
We included RCTs examining G‐CSF or GM‐CSF in addition to standard therapy in patients with newly diagnosed MDS.
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Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises
Randomised controlled trials comparing orally administered piracetam to placebo or standard care in people, of all ages and both sexes, with sickle cell disease.
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Meditation for adults with haematological malignancies
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using meditation practice for adult patients with haematological malignancies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Washed versus unwashed red blood cells for transfusion for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Randomised, cluster randomised, and quasi‐randomised controlled trials including preterm infants (less than 32 weeks gestation) or very low birth weight infants (less than 1500 g), or both, who received one or more washed packed RBC transfusions.
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Antibody therapies for lymphoma in children
Randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials comparing conventional therapy with antibody therapy in children with lymphoma.
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Prophylactic antibiotics or G(M)‐CSF for the prevention of infections and improvement of survival in cancer patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylaxis with G(M)‐CSF versus antibiotics for the prevention of infection in cancer patients of all ages receiving chemotherapy. All study arms had to receive identical chemotherapy regimes and other supportive care. We included full‐text, abstracts, and unpublished data if sufficient information on study design, participant characteristics, interventions and outcomes was available. We excluded cross‐over trials, quasi‐randomised trials and post‐hoc retrospective trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins for managing vaso‐occlusive crises in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled clinical trials and controlled clinical trials that assessed the effects of low‐molecular‐weight heparins in the management of vaso‐occlusive crises in people with sickle cell disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Recombinant factor VIIa concentrate versus plasma‐derived concentrates for treating acute bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia and inhibitors
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials comparing recombinant factor VIIa concentrate to human plasma‐derived concentrates (high‐dose human or recombinant factor VIII or factor IX concentrate; non‐activated prothrombin complex concentrates; activated prothrombin complex concentrates) in people with haemophilia. Comparisons with animal‐derived products were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Comparison of different platelet transfusion thresholds prior to insertion of central lines in patients with thrombocytopenia
We included RCTs involving transfusions of platelet concentrates, prepared either from individual units of whole blood or by apheresis, and given to prevent bleeding in patients of any age with thrombocytopenia requiring insertion of a CVC.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
We included RCTs involving transfusions of platelet concentrates, prepared either from individual units of whole blood or by apheresis, and given to prevent bleeding in people with haematological disorders (receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy or undergoing HSCT) that compared different thresholds for administration of prophylactic platelet transfusions (low trigger (5 x 109/L); standard trigger (10 x 109/L); higher trigger (20 x 109/L, 30 x 109/L, 50 x 109/L); or alternative platelet trigger (for example platelet mass)).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interleukin‐2 as maintenance therapy for children and adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission
Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IL‐2 with no treatment in people with AML who had achieved first CR and had not relapsed. We did not identify studies comparing IL‐2 versus best supportive care or maintenance chemotherapy or studies comparing IL‐2 plus maintenance chemotherapy versus maintenance chemotherapy alone.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Different doses of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
Randomised controlled trials involving transfusions of platelet concentrates, prepared either from individual units of whole blood or by apheresis, and given to prevent bleeding in people with malignant haematological disorders or undergoing HSCT that compared different platelet component doses (low dose 1.1 x 1011/m2 ± 25%, standard dose 2.2 x 1011/m2 ± 25%, high dose 4.4 x 1011/m2 ± 25%).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Additional plerixafor to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors for haematopoietic stem cell mobilisation for autologous transplantation in people with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing plerixafor in addition to G‐CSF compared to G‐CSF only for stem cell mobilisation in people with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma of all stages and ages. We included full text as well as abstracts and unpublished data if sufficient information on study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes was available. We excluded cross‐over trials, quasi‐randomised trials, and post‐hoc retrospective trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Comparison of a restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion policy for patients with myelodysplasia, aplastic anaemia, and other congenital bone marrow failure disorders
RCTs including patients with long‐term bone marrow failure disorders that require allogeneic blood transfusion, who are not being actively treated with a haematopoietic stem cell transplant, or intensive chemotherapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
A therapeutic‐only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
RCTs involving transfusions of platelet concentrates prepared either from individual units of whole blood or by apheresis, and given to prevent or treat bleeding in patients with malignant haematological disorders receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy or undergoing HSCT.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
The effects of idarubicin versus other anthracyclines for induction therapy of patients with newly diagnosed leukaemia
RCTs that compared IDA with other anthracyclines in induction therapy of newly diagnosed AML.
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Interventions for prophylaxis of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease in people undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic therapies with placebo or no treatment, or comparing different therapies for hepatic VOD in people undergoing HSCT.
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Psychological therapies for sickle cell disease and pain
All randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing psychological interventions with no (psychological) intervention in people with sickle cell disease.
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Janus kinase‐1 and Janus kinase‐2 inhibitors for treating myelofibrosis
We included randomized clinical trials comparing Janus kinase‐1 and Janus kinase‐2 inhibitors with placebo or other treatments. Both previously treated and treatment naive patients were included.
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Sapropterin dihydrochloride for phenylketonuria
Randomized controlled trials comparing sapropterin with no supplementation or placebo in people with phenylketonuria due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.
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Enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease
All randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled studies (including open‐label studies and cross‐over studies) assessing enzyme replacement therapy or substrate reduction therapy, or both, in all types of Gaucher disease were included.
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Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria
All randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing: any dose of protein substitute with no protein substitute; an alternative dosage; or the same dose, but given as frequent small doses throughout the day compared with the same total daily dose given as larger boluses less frequently.
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Artemisinin‐naphthoquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Randomized controlled trials comparing artemisinin‐naphthoquine combinations with established WHO‐recommended ACTs for the treatment of adults and children with uncomplicated malaria due to P. falciparum.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment for preventing bleeding in people with haemophilia or other congenital bleeding disorders undergoing surgery
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing any hemostatic treatment regimen to no treatment or to another active regimen in children and adults with haemophilia or other congenital bleeding disorders undergoing any surgical intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Positron emission tomography‐adapted therapy for first‐line treatment in individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing FDG‐PET‐adapted therapy with non‐adapted treatment in individuals with previously untreated HL of all stages and ages.
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Eculizumab for treating patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) irrespective of their publication status or language. No limits were applied with respect to period of follow‐up. We excluded quasi‐RCTs. We included trials comparing eculizumab with placebo or best available therapy. We included any patient with a confirmed diagnosis of PNH. Primary outcome was overall survival.
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Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with myelodysplastic syndrome
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing deferasirox with no therapy, placebo or with another iron‐chelating treatment schedule.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of any antimalarial drug regimen for preventing malaria in pregnant women living in malaria‐endemic areas compared to placebo or no intervention. In the mother, we sought outcomes that included mortality, severe anaemia, and severe malaria; anaemia, haemoglobin values, and malaria episodes; indicators of malaria infection, and adverse events. In the baby, we sought foetal loss, perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality; preterm birth and birthweight measures; and indicators of malaria infection. We included regimens that were known to be effective against the malaria parasite at the time but may no longer be used because of parasite drug resistance.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for treating acute bleeding episodes in people with acquired hemophilia A
All randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised trials of hemostatic therapies for people with acquired hemophilia A, with no restrictions on gender, age or ethnicity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mycophenolate mofetil versus methotrexate for prevention of graft‐versus‐host disease in people receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Two review authors independently reviewed all titles/abstracts and selected full‐text articles for inclusion. We included all references that reported results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mycophenolate mofetil versus methotrexate for the prophylaxis of GVHD among people undergoing allo‐HCT in this review.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing chemotherapy plus radiotherapy with chemotherapy alone in individuals with PCNSL. Outcomes defined in this review were overall survival, progression‐free survival, response to treatment, adverse events, treatment related mortality and quality of life. We excluded trials in which the chemotherapy regimen differed between treatment arms, trials in which fewer than 80% of participants had PCNSL or those recruiting immunocompromised individuals with PCNSL.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Deferasirox for managing transfusional iron overload in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials comparing deferasirox with no therapy or placebo or with another iron chelating treatment schedule.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Randomized controlled trials comparing a three‐day course of DHA‐P to a three‐day course of an alternative WHO recommended ACT in uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing various primaquine dosing regimens with the standard primaquine regimen (15 mg/day for 14 days), or with no primaquine, in people with vivax malaria treated for blood stage infection with chloroquine.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Artemisinin‐based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria
Randomized controlled trials comparing ACTs versus standard therapy, or comparing alternative ACTs, in adults and children with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared two or more surgical treatment modalities, or surgery versus other treatment modalities, for primary tumours of the oral cavity or oropharynx.
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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of HBOT versus no HBOT on LRTI prevention or healing.
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Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown mutation status
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different chemotherapy (with or without angiogenesis inhibitor) or immunotherapy regimens, specifically designed for people with PS 2 only or studies including a subgroup of these people.
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Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated PLD in women diagnosed with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy
We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in people with stage I rectal cancer comparing any modern LE techniques to any RR techniques with or without the use of neo/adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and improve quality of life in colorectal cancer surgery
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adult patients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer, scheduled for surgery, comparing multimodal prehabilitation programmes (defined as comprising at least two preoperative interventions) with no prehabilitation. We focused on the following outcomes: functional capacity (i.e. 6‐minute walk test, VO2peak, handgrip strength), postoperative outcomes (i.e. complications, mortality, length of hospital stay, emergency department visits, re‐admissions), health‐related quality of life, compliance, safety of prehabilitation, and return to normal activities.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating at least one targeted therapy or immunotherapy for first‐line treatment of adults with advanced RCC. We excluded trials evaluating only interleukin‐2 versus interferon‐alpha as well as trials with an adjuvant treatment setting. We also excluded trials with adults who received prior systemic anticancer therapy if more than 10% of participants were previously treated, or if data for untreated participants were not separately extractable.
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Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
RCTs comparing angiogenesis inhibitors with standard chemotherapy, other types of anti‐cancer treatment, other angiogenesis inhibitors with or without other treatments, or placebo/no treatment in a maintenance setting, in women with EOC.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in women at average risk
For efficacy and harms, we considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled non‐randomised studies enrolling at least 500 women at average risk for breast cancer between the ages of 40 and 75.We also included studies where 80% of the population met our age and breast cancer risk inclusion criteria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for weight reduction in obesity to improve survival in women with endometrial cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to facilitate weight loss in women with endometrial cancer who are overweight or obese undergoing treatment for, or previously treated for, endometrial cancer compared with any other intervention, usual care, or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Skin‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐randomized or non‐randomized studies (cohort and case‐control) comparing SSM to conventional mastectomy for treating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Exercise interventions for adults with cancer receiving radiation therapy alone
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that enrolled people who were receiving RT without adjuvant systemic treatment for any type or stage of cancer. We considered any type of exercise intervention, defined as a planned, structured, repetitive, objective‐oriented physical activity programme in addition to standard care. We excluded exercise interventions that involved physiotherapy alone, relaxation programmes, and multimodal approaches that combined exercise with other non‐standard interventions such as nutritional restriction.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dose‐escalated radiotherapy for clinically localized and locally advanced prostate cancer
We included parallel‐arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of definitive RT in men with clinically localized and locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma. RT was dose‐escalated RT (equivalent dose in 2 Gy [EQD2] ≥ 74 Gy, lesser than 2.5 Gy per fraction) versus conventional RT (EQD2 < 74 Gy, 1.8 Gy or 2.0 Gy per fraction). Two review authors independently classified studies for inclusion or exclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective colorectal surgery
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adult participants undergoing elective colorectal surgery comparing combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MBP+oAB) with either MBP alone, oAB alone, or no bowel preparation (nBP). We excluded studies in which no perioperative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was given.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Corticosteroids for the management of cancer‐related fatigue in adults with advanced cancer
We included randomised controlled trials in adults aged ≥18 years. We included participants with advanced cancer who were suffering from CRF. We included trials that randomised participants to corticosteroids at any dose, by any route, administered for the relief of CRF; compared to placebo or an active comparator, including supportive care or non‐pharmacological treatments.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of people with stage III and IV melanoma, comparing neoadjuvant treatment strategies (using targeted treatments, immunotherapies, radiotherapy, topical treatments or chemotherapy) with any of these agents or current standard of care (SOC), were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with colorectal cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of Coriolus versicolor and its extracts in adult participants with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer, in addition to conventional treatment. Interventions included any preparation of Coriolus versicolor (raw, decoction, capsule, tablet, tincture, extract, injection), any part of the fungus (cap, stem, mycelium or whole), in any dose or regimen. Outcomes included adverse events rates, survival, disease progression and recurrence, response rates and quality of life.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared pre‐emptive antifungal therapy with empirical antifungal therapy for people with cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing and ameliorating cognitive deficits in adults treated with cranial irradiation
We included randomised controlled (RCTs) trials that evaluated pharmacological or non‐pharmacological interventions in cranial irradiated adults, with objective cognitive functioning as a primary or secondary outcome measure.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which study participants who were scheduled to undergo lung resection for NSCLC were allocated to receive either preoperative exercise training or no exercise training.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving anthracyclines
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which dexrazoxane was compared to no additional therapy or placebo in adults and children with cancer receiving anthracyclines.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Debulking hysterectomy followed by chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy for FIGO stage (2019) IB3/II cervical cancer
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs or non‐randomised studies (NRSs) comparing debulking hysterectomy followed by CCRT versus CCRT alone for locally advanced FIGO (2019) stage IB3/II cervical malignancy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness and safety of MOAs for OIBD in people with cancer and people at a palliative stage irrespective of the type of terminal disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Ultra‐radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or non‐randomised studies (NRS), analysed using multivariate methods, that compared ultra‐radical/extensive and standard surgery in women with advanced primary epithelial ovarian cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared treatments involving hysterectomy versus radiotherapy or chemotherapy, or both, in women with LACC International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stages IB2 to III.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of lung cancer screening using LDCT and reporting mortality or harm outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
We included randomised controlled trials of taxane monotherapy for adult women diagnosed with recurrent epithelial ovarian, tubal or primary peritoneal cancer, previously treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. We included trials comparing two or more taxane monotherapy regimens. Participants could be experiencing their first recurrence of disease or any line of recurrence.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oxycodone for cancer‐related pain
We included randomised controlled trials (parallel‐group or cross‐over) comparing oxycodone (any formulation or route of administration) with placebo or an active drug (including oxycodone) for cancer background pain in adults by examining pain intensity/relief, adverse events, quality of life, and participant preference.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Perioperative enhanced recovery programmes for women with gynaecological cancers
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ERAS programmes for perioperative care in women with gynaecological cancer to traditional care strategies.