anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunotherapy for diabetic amyotrophy
We intended to include all randomised and quasi‐randomised trials of any immunotherapy in participants with the condition fulfilling all the following: diabetes mellitus as defined by internationally recognised criteria; acute or subacute onset of pain and lower motor neuron weakness involving predominantly the proximal muscles of the lower limbs; weakness that is not confined to one nerve or nerve root distribution; and exclusion of other causes of lumbosacral radiculopathies and plexopathy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aerobic exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia that compared aerobic training interventions (dynamic physical activity that increases breathing and heart rate to submaximal levels for a prolonged period) versus no exercise or another intervention. Major outcomes were health‐related quality of life (HRQL), pain intensity, stiffness, fatigue, physical function, withdrawals, and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drug therapy for chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy
We sought all randomised or quasi‐randomised (alternate or other systematic treatment allocation) trials that examined the effects of any drug therapy in people with CIAP at least one year after the onset of treatment. People with CIAP had to fulfil the following criteria: age 40 years or older, distal sensory or sensorimotor polyneuropathy, absence of systemic or other neurological disease, chronic clinical course not reaching a nadir in less than two months, exclusion of any recognised cause of the polyneuropathy by medical history taking, clinical or laboratory investigations, and electrophysiological studies in agreement with axonal polyneuropathy, without evidence of demyelinating features. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with a significant improvement in disability. Secondary outcomes were change in the mean disability score, change in the proportion of participants who make use of walking aids, change in the mean Medical Research Council sum score, degree of pain relief and/or reduction of other positive sensory symptoms, change in the proportion of participants with pain or other positive sensory symptoms, and frequency of adverse effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Tramadol for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind trials of two weeks' duration or longer, comparing tramadol (any route of administration) with placebo or another active treatment for neuropathic pain, with subjective pain assessment by the participant.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind trials of two weeks' duration or longer, comparing gabapentin (any route of administration) with placebo or another active treatment for neuropathic pain, with participant‐reported pain assessment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of infants with severe myoclonic epilepsy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐randomised controlled trials; double‐ or single‐blinded or unblinded trials; and parallel‐group studies. Administration of at least one antiepileptic drug therapy given singly (monotherapy) or in combination (add‐on therapy) compared with add‐on placebo or no add‐on treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
We sought randomised and quasi‐randomised trials of all immunosuppressive agents, such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, ciclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab, and all immunomodulatory agents, such as interferon (IFN) alfa and IFN beta, in participants fulfilling standard diagnostic criteria for CIDP. We included all comparisons of these agents with placebo, another treatment, or no treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topiramate for essential tremor
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of topiramate versus placebo/open control or any other treatments. We included studies in which the diagnosis of ET was made according to accepted and validated diagnostic criteria. We excluded studies conducted in people presenting with secondary forms of tremor or reporting only neurophysiological parameters to assess outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Benzodiazepines for restless legs syndrome
Randomised clinical trials of benzodiazepine treatment in idiopathic RLS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Plasma exchange for Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials of plasma exchange versus sham exchange or supportive treatment, or comparing different regimens or techniques of plasma exchange.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs (regardless of blinding) assessing the control of RSE using either thiopental sodium or propofol in patients of any age and gender.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions to prevent and treat corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis and prevent osteoporotic fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
We considered for inclusion in the review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs involving any bone health intervention for corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children, adolescents, and adults with a confirmed diagnosis of DMD. The interventions might have included oral and intravenous bisphosphonates, vitamin D supplements, calcium supplements, dietary calcium, testosterone, and weight‐bearing activity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aspirin for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies (parallel‐group or cross‐over) using oral aspirin for symptomatic relief of an acute episode of TTH. Studies had to be prospective, with participants aged 18 years or over, and include at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulators for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Types of studies: double‐blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTsTypes of participants: adults with a diagnosis of probable or definite ALSTypes of interventions: gabapentin, baclofen, or other GABA modulators compared with placebo, no treatment, or each otherPrimary outcome: survival at one year from study enrollmentSecondary outcomes: individual rate of decline of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), expressed as arm megascore; rate of decline of per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC); rate of decline of ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS); health‐related quality of life; survival evaluated by pooling hazards; and adverse events
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Progesterone for acute traumatic brain injury
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of progesterone versus no progesterone (or placebo) for the treatment of people with acute TBI.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immediate‐release versus controlled‐release carbamazepine in the treatment of epilepsy
Randomised controlled trials comparing IR CBZ to CR CBZ in patients commencing monotherapy and patients presently treated with IR CBZ but experiencing unacceptable adverse events.Primary outcome measures included measures of seizure frequency, incidence of adverse events, proportion of patients with treatment failure and quality of life measures.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antibiotics for the neurological complications of Lyme disease
Randomized clinical trials of antibiotic treatment of LNB in adults and children that compared any antibiotic treatment, including combinations of treatments, versus any other treatment, placebo, or no treatment. We excluded studies of entities considered as post‐Lyme syndrome.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pregabalin for essential tremor
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pregabalin versus placebo or any other treatments. We included studies in which the diagnosis of ET was made according to accepted and validated diagnostic criteria. We excluded studies conducted in patients presenting secondary forms of tremor or reporting only neurophysiological parameters to assess outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunotherapy for IgM anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein paraprotein‐associated peripheral neuropathies
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs involving participants of any age treated with any type of immunotherapy for anti‐MAG antibody‐associated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and of any severity.Our primary outcome measures were numbers of participants improved in disability assessed with either or both of the Neuropathy Impairment Scale (NIS) or the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at six months after randomisation. Secondary outcome measures were: mean improvement in disability, assessed with either the NIS or the mRS, 12 months after randomisation; change in impairment as measured by improvement in the 10‐metre walk time, change in a validated linear disability measure such as the Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (R‐ODS) at six and 12 months after randomisation, change in subjective clinical scores and electrophysiological parameters at six and 12 months after randomisation; change in serum IgM paraprotein concentration or anti‐MAG antibody titre at six months after randomisation; and adverse effects of treatments.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared external subdural drains with no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of CSDH in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of pharmacological treatments (including vitamins) in people with genetically‐confirmed Friedreich ataxia. The primary outcome was change in a validated Friedreich ataxia neurological score after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in cardiac status as measured by magnetic resonance imaging or echocardiography, quality of life, mild and serious adverse events, and survival. We excluded trials of duration shorter than 12 months.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Corticosteroids for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Randomised trials and quasi‐randomised trials comparing different routes of administration and dosage schemes of corticosteroid or adrenocorticotrophic hormone therapy versus a control group receiving no therapy considered effective for this condition, unless the same therapy was given in a similar way to the experimental group.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia
We selected randomised controlled trials of at least four weeks' duration of any formulation of cannabis products used for the treatment of adults with fibromyalgia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Opioids for restless legs syndrome
Randomised controlled clinical trials of opioid treatment in adults with idiopathic RLS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies (parallel‐group or cross‐over) using oral paracetamol for symptomatic relief of an acute episode of TTH. Studies had to be prospective, with participants aged 18 years or over, and include at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antipsychotics for fibromyalgia in adults
We selected controlled trials of at least four weeks duration of any formulation of antipsychotics used for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatment for Kleine‐Levin syndrome
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomised controlled trials looking at pharmacological interventions for Kleine‐Levin syndrome were eligible. We had planned to include both parallel‐group and cross‐over studies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
We considered RCTs or quasi‐RCTs of corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, and deflazacort) given for a minimum of three months to patients with a definite DMD diagnosis. We considered comparisons of different corticosteroids, regimens, and corticosteroids versus placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after intracranial venous thrombosis
We planned to include all randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials in which participants with a diagnosis of ICVT were assigned to a treatment group (that is, receiving at least one AED) or control group (receiving placebo or no drug).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sumatriptan plus naproxen for the treatment of acute migraine attacks in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ or active‐controlled studies, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm, using sumatriptan plus naproxen to treat a migraine headache episode.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents
We included prospective randomized controlled clinical trials of children and adolescents with migraine, comparing acute symptom relieving migraine medications with placebo in the ambulatory setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fingolimod for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the beneficial and harmful effects of fingolimod versus placebo or other approved DMDs in people with RRMS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Posture and fluids for preventing post‐dural puncture headache
We identified randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of bed rest versus immediate mobilization, head‐down tilt versus horizontal position, prone versus supine positions during bed rest, and administration of supplementary fluids versus no/less supplementation, as prevention measures for PDPH in people who have undergone lumbar puncture.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for psychotic symptoms concomitant with epilepsy
All randomized controlled trials comparing drugs, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, or other non‐pharmacological interventions used to relieve psychotic symptoms in people with epilepsy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Alprazolam for essential tremor
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of alprazolam versus placebo or any other treatment. We included studies in which ET was diagnosed according to accepted and validated diagnostic criteria. We excluded studies that included patients presenting with secondary forms of tremor or reporting only neurophysiological parameters for the purpose of assessing outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Vigabatrin versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma
All randomised controlled studies of real‐time ICP monitoring by invasive or semi‐invasive means in acute coma (traumatic or non‐traumatic aetiology) versus clinical care without ICP monitoring (that is, guided only by clinical or radiological inference of the presence of raised ICP).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Full publications of RCTs on psychological interventions for neuropathic pain. Trials had to have lasted at least three months, had at least 20 participants in each arm at the end of treatment, and compared a psychological intervention with any active or inactive intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sodium channel blockers for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined sodium channel blockers used alone or as an add‐on to any approved treatments for MS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Milnacipran for pain in fibromyalgia in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of eight weeks' duration or longer, comparing milnacipran with placebo or another active treatment in fibromyalgia in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that report on subjective fatigue in people with PD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for neuropathic pain
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of two weeks duration or longer, comparing any oral NSAID with placebo or another active treatment in chronic neuropathic pain.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgery for scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
We planned to include controlled clinical trials using random or quasi‐random allocation of treatment evaluating all forms of spinal surgery for scoliosis in patients with DMD in the review. The control interventions would have been no treatment, non‐operative treatment, or a different form of spinal surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Buprenorphine for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of two weeks' duration or longer, comparing any oral dose or formulation of buprenorphine with placebo or another active treatment in chronic neuropathic pain.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Exercise therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy or other interventions for adults with MS that included subjective fatigue as an outcome. In these trials, fatigue should have been measured using questionnaires that primarily assessed fatigue or sub‐scales of questionnaires that measured fatigue or sub‐scales of questionnaires not primarily designed for the assessment of fatigue but explicitly used as such.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs in participants of any age comparing plasma exchange with sham treatment or no treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Venlafaxine for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of at least two weeks' duration comparing venlafaxine with either placebo or another active treatment in chronic neuropathic pain in adults. All participants were aged 18 years or over and all included studies had at least 10 participants per treatment arm. We only included studies with full journal publication.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include AEDs or neuroprotective agents compared with placebo, another pharmacologic agent or a usual care group. The outcomes measured included a seizure occurring within one week of trauma (early seizure), seizure occurring later than one week post‐trauma (late seizure), mortality and any adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults
We included randomised, placebo‐controlled studies (parallel‐group or cross‐over) using oral ibuprofen for symptomatic relief of an acute episode of TTH. Studies had to be prospective and include at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Neuropsychological and psychological interventions for people with newly diagnosed epilepsy
This review includes all randomised controlled trials, quasi‐randomised controlled trials, prospective cohort controlled studies, and prospective before and after studies which include psychological or neuropsychological interventions for people with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We excluded studies that included people with epilepsy and any other psychological disorder or neurological condition. We excluded studies carried out which recruited only children.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of any pharmacological drug used for treating PDPH. Outcome measures considered for this review were: PDPH persistence of any severity at follow‐up (primary outcome), daily activity limited by headache, conservative supplementary therapeutic option offered, epidural blood patch performed, change in pain severity scores, improvements in pain severity scores, number of days participants stay in hospital, any possible adverse events and missing data.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of at least four weeks' duration comparing amitriptyline with placebo or another active treatment in chronic neuropathic pain conditions.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Milnacipran for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of eight weeks' duration or longer, comparing milnacipran with placebo or another active treatment in chronic neuropathic pain.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for fibromyalgia syndrome
We selected all randomized, double‐blind trials of SSRIs used for the treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms in adult participants. We considered the following SSRIs in this review: citalopram, fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the prevention of tension‐type headache in adults
We included randomised controlled trials comparing SSRIs or SNRIs with any type of control intervention in participants 18 years and older, of either sex, with tension‐type headache.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis
We included randomised, controlled, parallel‐group clinical trials (RCTs) with a length of follow‐up equal to or greater than one year evaluating dimethyl fumarate, as monotherapy or combination therapy, versus placebo or other approved disease‐modifying drugs for patients with MS without restrictions regarding dosage, administration frequency and duration of treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Telerehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that reported telerehabilitation intervention/s in pwMS and compared them with some form of control intervention (such as lower level or different types of intervention, minimal intervention, waiting‐list controls or no treatment (or usual care); interventions given in different settings) in adults with MS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the prevention of migraine in adults
We included randomised controlled trials comparing SSRIs or SNRIs with any type of control intervention in participants 18 years and older of either sex with migraine.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment for IgG and IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy
We considered for inclusion randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs using any treatment for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. We excluded people with IgM paraproteins. We excluded people where the monoclonal gammopathy was considered secondary to an underlying disorder. We included participants of any age with a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance with a paraprotein of the IgG or IgA class and a neuropathy. Included participants were not required to fulfil specific electrophysiological diagnostic criteria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatments for multifocal motor neuropathy
We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs. We considered prospective and retrospective case series and case reports in the Discussion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Physical rehabilitation for critical illness myopathy and neuropathy
We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs and randomised controlled cross‐over trials of any rehabilitation intervention in people with acquired weakness syndrome due to CIP/CIM.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission
Randomised controlled trials that evaluate withdrawal of AEDs after varying periods of seizure remission in adults and children with epilepsy. Included studies compared an early AED discontinuation time (defined as a period of remission of seizures of less than two years) versus a late AED discontinuation time (defined as a period of remission of seizures of more than two years).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for fatigue in peripheral neuropathy
We considered for inclusion randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing any form of intervention for fatigue management in adults with peripheral neuropathy with placebo, no intervention or an alternative form of intervention for fatigue. Interventions considered included drugs, pacing and grading of physical activity, general or specific exercise, compensatory strategies such as orthotics, relaxation, counselling, cognitive and educational strategies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in people with spinal cord injury
Randomised controlled trials of any intervention not involving intake of medication or other active substances to treat chronic pain in people with SCI.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia
Selection criteria were: a) full‐text publication of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia based on published criteria, and b) between‐group data for an aquatic intervention and a control or other intervention. We excluded studies if exercise in water was less than 50% of the full intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacotherapy for sleep bruxism
We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs that compared drugs with other drugs, no treatment or placebo in people with sleep bruxism.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis
The types of studies were randomised or quasi‐randomised trials. Participants were myasthenia gravis patients diagnosed by an internationally accepted definition. The intervention was treatment with any form of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.Types of outcome measuresPrimary outcome measureImprovement in the presenting symptoms within one to 14 days of the start of treatment.Secondary outcome measures(1) Improvement in the presenting symptoms more than 14 days after the start of treatment.(2) Change in impairment measured by a recognised and preferably validated scale, such as the quantitative myasthenia gravis score, within one to 14 days and more than 14 days after the start of treatment.(3) Myasthenia Gravis Association of America post‐intervention status more than 14 days after start of treatment.(4) Adverse events including muscarinic side effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials of IVIg compared with no treatment, placebo treatment, PE, or other immunomodulatory treatments in children and adults with GBS of all degrees of severity. We also included trials in which IVIg was added to another treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus
Randomised controlled trials of participants with premonitory, early, established or refractory status epilepticus using a truly random or quasi‐random allocation of treatments were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal spikes
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of different AEDs, or compared the use of AEDs with no treatment, or placebo in children with BECTS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Physiotherapy for Parkinson's disease: a comparison of techniques
Randomised controlled trials of one physiotherapy intervention versus another physiotherapy intervention in patients with PD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Zolmitriptan for acute migraine attacks in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ or active‐controlled studies, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm, using zolmitriptan to treat a migraine headache episode.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Carbamazepine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Randomised, double blind, active or placebo controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of carbamazepine (any dose, by any route, and for at least two weeks' duration) for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia, with at least 10 participants per treatment group. Participants were adults aged 18 and over.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mycophenolate mofetil for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
We included randomized controlled trials with a follow‐up of at least 12 months that compared MMF as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments versus placebo, another drug, or the same cointervention as the treated group.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia
We considered all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of antiviral treatment given within 72 hours after the onset of herpes zoster for preventing PHN. There were no language restrictions.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the effect of any intervention on the incidence of CIP/CIM in people admitted to adult medical or surgical ICUs. The primary outcome was the incidence of CIP/CIM in ICU, based on electrophysiological or clinical examination. Secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, death at 30 and 180 days after ICU admission and serious adverse events from the treatment regimens.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Duloxetine for treating painful neuropathy, chronic pain or fibromyalgia
We selected all randomised or quasi‐randomised trials of any formulation of duloxetine, used for the treatment of painful peripheral neuropathy or chronic pain in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunotherapy for idiopathic lumbosacral plexopathy
We intended to include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of any immunotherapy given within six weeks of disease onset, in participants with conditions fulfilling all the following: acute or subacute onset of pain and lower motor neuron weakness involving predominantly the proximal muscles of the lower limbs, weakness that is not confined to one nerve or nerve root distribution, electrophysiological tests showing predominantly axonal neuropathies, exclusion of other causes of lumbosacral radiculopathy and plexopathy as well as patients with plasma sugar in the diabetic range (fasting greater than 7.0 mmol/L, random greater than 11.1 mmol/L).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation for people with neuromuscular disorders
We considered randomised or quasi‐randomised clinical trials, and randomised cross‐over trials of MI‐E used to assist airway clearance in people with a NMD and respiratory insufficiency. We considered comparisons of MI‐E with no treatment, or alternative cough augmentation techniques.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures
Randomised controlled trials of PMs administered for the treatment or prevention of contractures were included. Studies were included if they compared the effectiveness of PMs versus no intervention, sham intervention or placebo in people with or at risk of contracture. Studies that involved other co‐interventions were included, provided the co‐interventions were administered in the same way to all groups. Interventions administered through mechanical devices and interventions that involved sustained stretch were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Daclizumab for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
All randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating daclizumab, alone or combined with other treatments versus placebo, or any other treatment for patients with RRMS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatment for memory disorder in multiple sclerosis
All double‐blind, randomised controlled parallel trials on pharmacological treatment versus placebo or one or more pharmacological treatments in adults with MS who had at least mild memory impairment (at 0.5 standard deviations below age‐ and sex‐based normative data on a validated memory scale). We placed no restrictions regarding dose, route of administration and frequency; however, we only included trials with an administration duration of 12 weeks or greater.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rituximab for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
All randomised, double‐blind, controlled parallel group clinical trials with a length of follow‐up equal to or greater than one year evaluating rituximab, as monotherapy or combination therapy, versus placebo or approved DMDs for patients with RRMS without restrictions regarding dosage, administration frequency and duration of treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia
We included double‐blind, randomised controlled trials in which the active drug was used either alone or in combination with other non‐antiepileptic drugs for at least two weeks.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
RCTs investigating the use of lamotrigine (any dose, by any route, and for any study duration) for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia. Assessment of pain intensity or pain relief, or both, using validated scales. Participants were adults aged 18 and over. We included only full journal publication articles.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Naproxen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ or active‐controlled studies, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm, using naproxen alone or with an antiemetic to treat a migraine headache episode.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Thymectomy for non‐thymomatous myasthenia gravis
Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials of thymectomy against no treatment or any medical treatment, and thymectomy plus medical treatment against medical treatment alone, in people with non‐thymomatous MG.We did not use measured outcomes as criteria for study selection.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease
Randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy intervention versus no physiotherapy intervention in patients with PD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Botulinum toxin for masseter hypertrophy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing intra‐masseteric injections of botulinum toxin versus placebo administered for cosmetic facial sculpting in individuals of any age with bilateral benign masseter hypertrophy, which had been self‐evaluated and confirmed by clinical and radiological examination were considered for inclusion. We excluded participants with unilateral or compensatory contralateral masseter hypertrophy resulting from head and neck radiotherapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topiramate for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with double‐blind assessment of participant outcomes following two weeks of treatment or longer (though the emphasis of the review was on studies of eight weeks or longer) that used a placebo or active comparator.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication
Randomized controlled trials published in English, in which at least one arm provided data on nonoperative treatments
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Triptans for acute cluster headache
Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies of triptans for acute treatment of cluster headache episodes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage
We considered all randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials in which patients were assigned to a treatment (one or more AEDs) or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease
We included randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of people with a diagnosis of definite, probable, probable with laboratory support, or possible ALS, as defined by the El Escorial criteria. We included progressive resistance or strengthening exercise, and endurance or aerobic exercise. The control condition was no exercise or standard rehabilitation management. Our primary outcome measure was improvement in functional ability, decrease in disability or reduction in rate of decline as measured by a validated outcome tool at three months. Our secondary outcome measures were improvement in psychological status or quality of life, decrease in fatigue, increase in, or reduction in rate of decline of muscle strength (strengthening or resistance studies), increase in, or reduction in rate of decline of aerobic endurance (aerobic or endurance studies) at three months and frequency of adverse effects. We did not exclude studies on the basis of measurement of outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mitoxantrone for multiple sclerosis
Randomised, double‐blinded, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the administration of MX versus placebo or MX plus steroids treatment versus placebo plus steroids treatment were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ or active‐controlled studies using self‐administered paracetamol to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled or active‐controlled studies, or both, using aspirin to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Diclofenac with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled or active‐controlled studies, or both, using self administered diclofenac to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ or active‐controlled studies using self‐administered ibuprofen to treat a migraine headache episode, with at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drug therapy for preventing post‐dural puncture headache
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of any drug used for preventing PDPH.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs in which IVIg was compared with no treatment, placebo or plasma exchange, in people with myasthenia gravis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the community
This review included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs, and cluster‐RCTs assessing CBT with and without exercise interventions compared to control groups with sham‐treatment, or treatment as usual. We defined CBT as a collaborative, time‐limited, goal‐oriented, and structured form of speaking therapy. Included studies recruited community‐dwelling older adults, with a mean population age of at least 60 years minus one standard deviation, and not defined by a specific medical condition.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiac arrest
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs in adults comparing therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest with standard treatment (control). We included studies with adults cooled by any method, applied within six hours of cardiac arrest, to target body temperatures of 32 °C to 34 °C. Good neurological outcome was defined as no or only minor brain damage allowing people to live an independent life.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community
We included randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of environmental interventions (such as reduction of fall hazards in the home, assistive devices) on falls in community‐residing people aged 60 years and over.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain
We included randomized and quasi‐randomized trials in adults of systematic corticosteroids versus placebo or no corticosteroid.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing use of PNBs compared with no nerve block (or sham block) as part of the care provided for adults 16 years of age and older with hip fracture.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Shoulder replacement surgery for osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tear arthropathy
We included randomised studies comparing any type of shoulder replacement surgery versus any other surgical or non‐surgical treatment, no treatment, or placebo. We also included randomised studies comparing any type of shoulder replacement or technique versus another. Study participants were adults with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint or rotator cuff tear arthropathy.We assessed the following major outcomes: pain, function, participant‐rated global assessment of treatment success, quality of life, adverse events, serious adverse events, and risk of revision or re‐operation or treatment failure.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Shock wave therapy for rotator cuff disease with or without calcification
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that used quasi‐randomised methods to allocate participants, investigating participants with rotator cuff disease with or without calcific deposits. We included trials of comparisons of extracorporeal or radial shock wave therapy versus any other intervention. Major outcomes were pain relief greater than 30%, mean pain score, function, patient‐reported global assessment of treatment success, quality of life, number of participants experiencing adverse events and number of withdrawals due to adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma
All randomised controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma versus no antibiotics or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind trials of two weeks' duration or longer, comparing pregabalin (any route of administration) with placebo or another active treatment for neuropathic pain, with participant‐reported pain assessment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community
Randomised controlled trials, individual or cluster, that evaluated the effects of multifactorial and multiple component interventions on falls in older people living in the community, compared with control (i.e. usual care (no change in usual activities) or attention control (social visits)) or exercise as a single intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
One‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adults
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating one‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome
We included randomised controlled clinical trials that evaluated the use of NMES for people with PFP.