anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dressings and topical agents containing hyaluronic acid for chronic wound healing
We included randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of hyaluronic acid (as a dressing or topical agent) with other dressings on the healing of pressure, venous, arterial, or mixed‐aetiology ulcers and foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any anti‐angiogenic drug with an anti‐VEGF mechanism of action versus another anti‐VEGF drug, another treatment, sham, or no treatment in people with DMO.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that included people with T1D or T2D, when these compared fenofibrate with placebo or with observation, and assessed the effect of fenofibrate on the development or progression of DR (or both).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) in people with transtibial amputations resulting from PAD or diabetes (dysvascular causes) comparing interventions for motor rehabilitation such as strength training (including gait training), MI, VEs and PNF against each other.
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Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that looked at the use of anti‐VEGFs and the incidence of complications in people undergoing vitrectomy for PDR.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which either type 1 or type 2 diabetic participants, with or without hypertension, were assigned randomly to more intense versus less intense blood pressure control; to blood pressure control versus usual care or no intervention on blood pressure (placebo); or to one class of antihypertensive medication versus another or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti‐VEGFs to another active treatment, sham treatment, or no treatment for people with PDR. We also included studies that assessed the combination of anti‐VEGFs with other treatments. We excluded studies that used anti‐VEGFs in people undergoing vitrectomy.
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Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing parathyroidectomy with simple observation or medical therapy for the treatment of adults with PHPT.
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Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes
We included published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including cluster‐RCTs and conference abstracts, assessing the effects of myo‐inositol for the prevention of gestational diabetes in pregnant women. We included studies that compared any dose of myo‐inositol, alone or in a combination preparation, with no treatment, placebo or another intervention. Quasi‐randomised and cross‐over trials were not eligible. We excluded women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
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Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined any adjunctive pharmacological intervention for preventing weight gain in people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like illnesses who use antipsychotic medications.
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Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of RTX administered by intravenous infusion using any dosage regimen for the treatment of active TAO in adults, compared to placebo or glucocorticoids treatment.
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Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre
We included randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of rhTSH‐aided radioiodine treatment compared with radioiodine alone for non‐toxic multinodular goitre, with at least 12 months of follow‐up.
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Through‐knee versus above‐knee amputation for vascular and non‐vascular major lower limb amputations
Published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing through‐knee amputation and above‐knee amputation were eligible for inclusion in this study. Primary outcomes were uncomplicated primary wound healing and prosthetic limb fitting. Secondary outcomes included time taken to achieve independent mobility with a prosthesis, health‐related quality of life, walking speed, pain, and 30‐day survival.
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Continuous glucose monitoring systems for monitoring cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Randomised controlled studies comparing insulin regimens led by data from CGMS (including real‐time or retrospective data, or both) with insulin regimens guided by abnormal blood glucose measurements collected through other means of glycaemic data collection in people with CFRD. Studies with a cross‐over design, even with a washout period between intervention arms, are not eligible for inclusion due to the potential long‐term impact of each of the interventions and the potential to compromise the outcomes of the second intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Nutritional supplementation for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis
We included only randomised clinical trials (irrespective of language, blinding, or status) for people with NAFLD, irrespective of method of diagnosis, age and diabetic status of participants, or presence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We excluded randomised clinical trials in which participants had previously undergone liver transplantation.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis
We included only randomised clinical trials (irrespective of language, blinding, or status) in people with NAFLD, whatever the method of diagnosis, age, and diabetic status of participants, or presence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We excluded randomised clinical trials in which participants had previously undergone liver transplantation.
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Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of more than four weeks duration, reporting on intentional weight loss interventions, in individuals with any stage of CKD, designed to promote weight loss as one of their primary stated goals, in any health care setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological, behavioural or organisational interventions targeting the prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in LMICs.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychological interventions for treating foot ulcers, and preventing their recurrence, in people with diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs that evaluated psychological interventions compared with standard care, education or another psychological intervention. Our primary outcomes were the proportion of wounds completely healed; time to complete wound healing; time to recurrence and number of recurrences.
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Antiandrogen or estradiol treatment or both during hormone therapy in transitioning transgender women
We aimed to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs, and cohort studies that enrolled transgender women, age 16 years and over, in transition from male to female. Eligible studies investigated antiandrogen and estradiol hormone therapies alone or in combination, in comparison to another form of the active intervention, or placebo control.
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Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of 24 weeks, and participants diagnosed with intermediate hyperglycaemia with no concomitant diseases, comparing pioglitazone as monotherapy or part of dual therapy with other glucose‐lowering drugs, behaviour‐changing interventions, placebo or no intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of treatment with (ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues to NPH in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and preoperative imaging versus bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism in adults
We included randomised controlled trials comparing MIP to BNE for the treatment of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism in persons undergoing surgery for the first time.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of nutritional interventions on the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with at least one year's duration comparing metformin monotherapy with no intervention, behaviour changing interventions or other glucose‐lowering drugs in adults with T2DM.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of four weeks or more comparing any type of NNS with usual diet, no intervention, placebo, water, a different NNS, or a nutritive sweetener in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Trials with concomitant behaviour‐changing interventions, such as diet, exercise, or both, were eligible for inclusion, given that the concomitant interventions were the same in the intervention and comparator groups.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age
All randomised controlled (individual and cluster randomised) and quasi‐randomised trials of zinc supplementation in healthy, term infants, less than six months of age comparing infant mortality, incidence of diarrhoea or respiratory illnesses, growth and/or serum zinc levels were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing effects of oral resveratrol (any dose or formulation, duration, or frequency of administration) with placebo, no treatment, other anti‐diabetic medications, or diet or exercise, in adults with a diagnosis of T2DM.
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Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of one year or more comparing metformin with any pharmacological glucose‐lowering intervention, behaviour‐changing intervention, placebo or standard care in people with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, moderately elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or combinations of these.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oxandrolone for growth hormone‐treated girls aged up to 18 years with Turner syndrome
We included randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that enrolled girls aged up to 18 years with TS who were treated with GH and oxandrolone compared with GH only treatment.
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Thyroxine replacement for subfertile women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disease or subclinical hypothyroidism
We included women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment, meaning both in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, with a history of subfertility and with subclinical hypothyroidism or with euthyroid ATD. We excluded women with a previously known clinical hypothyroidism or already taking thyroxine or tri‐iodothyronine. RCTs compared thyroxine (levothyroxine) with either placebo or no treatment.
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Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing techniques of blood glucose monitoring including SMBG, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), automated telemedicine monitoring or clinic monitoring among pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2). Trials investigating timing and frequency of monitoring were also eligible for inclusion. RCTs using a cluster‐randomised design were eligible for inclusion but none were identified.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Metformin and second‐ or third‐generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) randomising participants 18 years old or more with T2DM to M+S compared with metformin plus another glucose‐lowering intervention or metformin monotherapy with a treatment duration of 52 weeks or more.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours in adults
Two review authors independently scanned the abstract, title, or both sections of every record retrieved to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on laparoscopic adrenalectomy for preoperatively assessed adrenal tumours. Participants were affected by corticoid and medullary, benign and malignant, functional and silent tumours or masses of the adrenal gland, which were assessed by both laboratory and imaging studies.
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Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with a duration of one year or more, comparing AGI with any pharmacological glucose‐lowering intervention, behaviour‐changing intervention, placebo or no intervention in people with IFG, IGT, moderately elevated HbA1c or combinations of these.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sliding scale insulin for non‐critically ill hospitalised adults with diabetes mellitus
We included RCTs comparing SSI with other strategies for glycaemic control in non‐critically ill hospitalised adult participants of any sex with diabetes mellitus.
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Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease
We searched for trials of tocilizumab administered by intravenous infusion using any dosage regimen, compared with placebo or intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for people with TED.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Negative pressure wound therapy for treating foot wounds in people with diabetes mellitus
Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of any brand of NPWT in the treatment of foot wounds in people with DM, irrespective of date or language of publication. Particular effort was made to identify unpublished studies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Monotherapy laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any type of focal/grid macular laser photocoagulation versus another type or technique of laser treatment and no intervention. We did not compare laser versus other interventions as these are covered by other Cochrane Reviews.
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Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes
All published and unpublished randomised controlled trials evaluating metformin use (compared with placebo or no metformin) in women with obesity or who are overweight in pregnancy for improving outcomes, alone or in combination with other interventions were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor combined with intravitreal steroids for diabetic macular oedema
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of intravitreal anti‐VEGF combined with intravitreal steroids versus intravitreal anti‐VEGF alone, intravitreal steroids alone or macular laser alone for managing DMO. We included people with DMO of all ages and both sexes. We also included trials where both eyes from one participant received different treatments.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Different lasers and techniques for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) using standard argon laser for treatment of PDR compared with any other laser modality. We excluded studies of lasers that are not in common use, such as the xenon arc, ruby or Krypton laser.
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Planned birth at or near term for improving health outcomes for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes and their infants
We planned to include randomised trials (including those using a cluster‐randomised design) and non‐randomised trials (e.g. quasi‐randomised trials using alternate allocation) which compared planned birth, at or near term, with an expectant approach for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes.
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Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of two years or more.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials (including those published in abstract form) comparing:a) insulin with an oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapy;b) with a non‐pharmacological intervention;c) different insulin analogues;d) different insulin regimens for treating women with diagnosed with GDM.We excluded quasi‐randomised and trials including women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Cross‐over trials were not eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational diabetes planning pregnancy, or pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs assessing the effects of oral anti‐diabetic agents in women with established diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational diabetes who were planning a pregnancy, or pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes. Cluster‐RCTs were eligible for inclusion, but none were identified.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychological interventions for diabetes‐related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of psychological interventions for DRD in adults (18 years and older) with T2DM. We included trials if they compared different psychological interventions or compared a psychological intervention with usual care. Primary outcomes were DRD, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were self‐efficacy, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, diabetes‐related complications, all‐cause mortality and socioeconomic effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of preconception care for diabetic women. Cluster‐RCTs and quasi‐RCTs were eligible for inclusion but none were identified.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Phototherapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
Randomised controlled trials or cluster randomised controlled trials that 1) compared phototherapy with sham phototherapy, no phototherapy, or other physical therapy modalities, 2) compared different forms of phototherapy, or 3) compared phototherapy of different output power, wavelength, power density, or dose range, in adults with diabetes and an open foot ulcer of any severity, in any setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topical antimicrobial agents for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials conducted in any setting (inpatient or outpatient) that evaluated topical treatment with any type of solid or liquid (e.g., cream, gel, ointment) antimicrobial agent, including antiseptics, antibiotics, and antimicrobial dressings, in people with diabetes mellitus who were diagnosed with an ulcer or open wound of the foot, whether clinically infected or uninfected.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression
Randomised controlled trials evaluating glucose‐lowering interventions in which people (aged 14 year or older) with type 1 or 2 diabetes with and without kidney disease were randomly allocated to tight glucose control or less stringent blood glucose targets.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of 12 weeks or more comparing DPP‐4 inhibitors and GLP‐1 analogues with any pharmacological glucose‐lowering intervention, behaviour‐changing intervention, placebo or no intervention in people with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, moderately elevated HbA1c or combinations of these.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
We included only randomised controlled trials comparing a lifestyle intervention with usual care or another intervention for the treatment of pregnant women with GDM. Quasi‐randomised trials were excluded. Cross‐over trials were not eligible for inclusion. Women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults
Randomised controlled trials of supportive interventions given with the aim of enhancing dietary intake in nutritionally vulnerable adults compared with usual care.
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Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions for treating obesity (licensed and unlicensed for this indication) in children and adolescents (mean age under 18 years) with or without support of family members, with a minimum of three months' pharmacological intervention and six months' follow‐up from baseline. We excluded interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity. In addition, we excluded trials which included growth hormone therapies and pregnant participants.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of 12 weeks or more comparing insulin secretagogues with any pharmacological glucose‐lowering intervention, behaviour‐changing intervention, placebo or no intervention in people with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, moderately elevated HbA1c or combinations of these.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
We included all randomised controlled trials with an intervention duration of at least 24 weeks that compared short‐acting insulin analogues with regular human insulins in the treatment of adults with type 1 diabetes who were not pregnant.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population
We included randomised controlled trials, randomised either at the level of the individual or cluster. We also included non‐randomised trials at the level of the individual if there was a concurrent comparison group. We included non‐randomised cluster trials and controlled before‐after studies only if there were at least two intervention sites and two control sites. Interventions included fortification (central/industrial) of staple foods (cereal flours, edible fats, sugar, condiments, seasonings, milk and beverages) with zinc for a minimum period of two weeks. Participants were members of the general population who were over two years of age (including pregnant and lactating women) from any country.
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Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes
Randomised trials comparing CSII with MDI for pregnant women with diabetes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma for treating chronic wounds
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared autologous PRP with placebo or alternative treatments for any type of chronic wound in adults. We did not apply any date or language restrictions.
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Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes
We included randomised controlled trials comparing different glycaemic control targets in pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes.
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Self management interventions for type 2 diabetes in adult people with severe mental illness
Randomised controlled trials of diabetes self management interventions for people with type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness.
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Sodium‐glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any duration comparing SGLT 2 inhibitors with any glucose‐lowering intervention, behaviour‐changing intervention, placebo or no intervention in people with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, moderately elevated HbA1c or combinations of these.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Radioiodine therapy versus antithyroid medications for Graves' disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of radioiodine therapy versus antithyroid medications for Graves' disease with at least two years follow‐up.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Skin grafting and tissue replacement for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of skin grafts or tissue replacements for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Subcutaneous rapid‐acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis
We included trials if they were RCTs comparing subcutaneous rapid‐acting insulin analogues versus standard intravenous infusion in participants with DKA of any age or sex with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and in pregnant women.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Published, unpublished and ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were considered for inclusion where they investigated the effects of intensive glycaemic control on the outcome of active foot ulcers in people with diabetes. Non randomised and quasi‐randomised trials were excluded. In order to be included the trial had to have: 1) attempted to maintain or control blood glucose levels and measured changes in markers of glycaemic control (HbA1c or fasting, random, mean, home capillary or urine glucose), and 2) documented the effect of these interventions on active foot ulcer outcomes. Glycaemic interventions included subcutaneous insulin administration, continuous insulin infusion, oral anti‐diabetes agents, lifestyle interventions or a combination of these interventions. The definition of the interventional (intensive) group was that it should have a lower glycaemic target than the comparison (conventional) group.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions delivered to parents only for treating overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving participants with a diagnosis of Graves' disease based on clinical features and biochemical findings of hyperthyroidism were eligible for inclusion. Trials had to directly compare at least two surgical techniques of thyroidectomy. There was no age limit to study inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Growth factors for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Randomised clinical trials in any setting, recruiting people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with a foot ulcer. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they compared a growth factor plus standard care (e.g., antibiotic therapy, debridement, wound dressings) versus placebo or no growth factor plus standard care, or compared different growth factors against each other. We considered lower limb amputation (minimum of one toe), complete healing of the foot ulcer, and time to complete healing of the diabetic foot ulcer as the primary outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) if they compared use of an aromatase inhibitor with placebo in male children and adolescents with short stature.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Systemic antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of systemic antibiotics (oral or parenteral) in people with a DFI. Primary outcomes were clinical resolution of the infection, time to its resolution, complications and adverse effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Complex interventions for preventing diabetic foot ulceration
Prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effectiveness of combinations of preventive strategies, not solely patient education, for the prevention of foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus, with single interventions, usual care or alternative complex interventions.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults
Two review authors independently scanned the abstract, title or both sections of every record retrieved to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre for further assessment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect on chronic wound healing of therapeutic regimens which include HBOT with those that exclude HBOT (with or without sham therapy).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for diabetic cystoid macular oedema
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs investigating the effects of topically applied NSAIDs in the treatment of people with diabetic CMO aged 18 years of age or over.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients
We included all RCTs of a calcimimetic administered to patients with CKD for the treatment of elevated serum PTH levels.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that had defined different glycaemic targets in the treatment arms, studied patients with type 1 diabetes, and had a follow‐up duration of at least one year.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for overweight and obese adults
Trials were included if they fulfilled the criteria of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) using the TTM SOC as a model, that is a theoretical framework or guideline in designing lifestyle modification strategies, mainly dietary and physical activity interventions, versus a comparison intervention of usual care; one of the outcome measures of the study was weight loss, measured as change in weight or body mass index (BMI); participants were overweight or obese adults only; and the intervention was delivered by healthcare professionals or trained lay people at the hospital and community level, including at home.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults
Randomised trials that compared any type of vitamin D in any dose with any duration and route of administration versus placebo or no intervention in adult participants. Participants could have been recruited from the general population or from patients diagnosed with a disease in a stable phase. Vitamin D could have been administered as supplemental vitamin D (vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)) or as an active form of vitamin D (1α‐hydroxyvitamin D (alfacalcidol) or 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol)).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), involving adult participants, where blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses were compared with non‐blue‐light filtering spectacle lenses.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laser‐assisted cataract surgery versus standard ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgery
We included RCTs where FLACS was compared to PCS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which any form of antibiotic treatment, with or without steroid, had been compared with placebo/vehicle in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. This included topical and systemic antibiotic treatments.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Device‐modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma
We included randomized controlled trials in participants with glaucoma comparing device‐modified trabeculectomy techniques with standard trabeculectomy. We included studies that used antimetabolites in either or both treatment groups.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure
We included randomized controlled clinical trials comparing lens extraction against LPI in adult participants ( ≥ 35 years) with APAC in one or both eyes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for acute non‐arteritic central retinal artery occlusion
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any interventions with another treatment in participants with acute non‐arteritic CRAO in one or both eyes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Trifocal intraocular lenses versus bifocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction among participants with presbyopia
We included randomized controlled trials that compared trifocal and bifocal IOLs among participants 30 years of age or older with presbyopia undergoing cataract surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Iridotomy to slow progression of visual field loss in angle‐closure glaucoma
Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials that compared iridotomy with no iridotomy in primary angle‐closure suspects, people with primary angle‐closure, or people with primary angle‐closure glaucoma in one or both eyes were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of antibiotics versus intravitreal injection of antibiotics alone, for the immediate management of exogenous endophthalmitis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of adjunctive steroids with antibiotics alone in the management of acute, clinically diagnosed endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery or intravitreous injection. We excluded trials with participants with endogenous endophthalmitis unless outcomes were reported by source of infection. We imposed no restrictions on the method or order of administration, dose, frequency, or duration of antibiotics and steroids.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis
We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared tocilizumab of any dosage regimen (alone or with corticosteroids) with therapy without tocilizumab that had a minimum follow‐up of six months. Participants were at least 50 years of age, with biopsy‐proven GCA or by large‐vessel vasculitis by angiography, and met the American College of Rheumatology 1990 guidelines for GCA.
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Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess complications, refractive outcomes, best‐corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) with ISBCS compared to DSBCS. We included non‐randomised (NRSs), prospective, and retrospective cohort studies comparing ISBCS and DSBCS for safety assessment, because of the rare incidence of important adverse events. To assess cost‐effectiveness of ISBCS compared to DSBCS, we included both full and partial economic evaluations, and both trial‐based and model‐based economic evaluations.
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Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
We included randomized controlled trials in which antiseptic agents, virustatic agents, or topical immune‐modulating therapy was compared with placebo, an active control, or no treatment.
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Pneumatic retinopexy versus scleral buckle for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
We included all randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of PR versus SB (with or without vitrectomy) for eyes with RRD.
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Fornix‐based versus limbal‐based conjunctival trabeculectomy flaps for glaucoma
We included RCTs comparing the benefits and complications of fornix‐ versus limbal‐based trabeculectomy for glaucoma, irrespective of glaucoma type, publication status, and language. We excluded studies on children less than 18 years of age, since wound healing is different in this age group and the rate of bleb scarring postoperatively is high.
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Intraocular lens optic edge design for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different types of IOL optic edge design. Our prespecified primary outcome was the proportion of eyes with Nd:YAG capsulotomy one year after surgery. Secondary outcomes included PCO score, best‐corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and quality of life score at one year. Due to availability of important long‐term data, we also presented data at longer‐term follow‐up which is a post hoc change to our protocol.
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Adjunctive modulation of wound healing during cataract surgery to promote survival of a previous trabeculectomy
We planned to include all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of participants who had a functioning trabeculectomy and were undergoing cataract surgery that compared any adjunctive therapy intended to modulate wound healing (such as 5‐fluorouracil, mitomycin C, or anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy) with no adjuvant therapy.
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Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration
The review included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on participants receiving any type of PBM therapy for non‐exudative AMD compared to standard care, sham treatment or no treatment.
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Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing surgical removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane compared to placebo, no treatment or sham treatment. Paired or within‐person studies were included, as well as those where both eyes of a single participant were treated.
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Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing lens extraction with other treatment modalities for chronic PACG.
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Laser peripheral iridoplasty for chronic angle closure
We included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the use of LPIp in cases of suspected primary angle closure (PACS), confirmed primary angle closure (PAC), or primary chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG). We applied no restrictions with respect to gender, age or ethnicity of participants. Trials evaluating LPIp for acute attacks of angle closure were not eligible.
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Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with Trabectome for open‐angle glaucoma
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with Trabectome compared to other surgical treatments (other minimally invasive glaucoma device techniques, trabeculectomy), laser treatment, or medical treatment. We also included trials in which these devices were combined with phacoemulsification compared to phacoemulsification in combination with other glaucoma surgery or alone.
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Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing either wavefront modified with conventional refractive surgery or wavefront‐optimized with wavefront‐guided refractive surgery in participants aged ⪰ 18 years with refractive errors.
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Visual cycle modulators versus placebo or observation for the prevention and treatment of geographic atrophy due to age‐related macular degeneration
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomised clinical studies (if available) that compared visual cycle modulators to placebo or no treatment (observation) in people diagnosed with AMD (early, intermediate or geographic atrophy).
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Corneal collagen cross‐linking for bacterial infectious keratitis
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs, and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of PACK‐CXL for bacterial keratitis. We included quasi‐RCTs and CCTs as we anticipated that there would not be many RCTs eligible for inclusion.
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Treatment regimens for administration of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different treatment regimens for anti‐VEGF agents in people with newly diagnosed nAMD. We considered standard doses only (ranibizumab 0.5 mg, bevacizumab 1.25 mg, aflibercept 2.0 mg, or a combination of these).
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Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a mechanical microkeratome compared to LASIK with a femtosecond laser for LASIK in adults with myopia or myopic astigmatism
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LASIK with a mechanical microkeratome compared to a femtosecond laser in people aged 18 years or older with more than 0.5 diopters of myopia or myopic astigmatism.
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Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effectiveness or safety of IPL for treating MGD.