anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
comparison group:
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women
1. Pessary 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Pre‐ and postsurgical medical therapy for endometriosis surgery
1. Postoperative Procedures 2. Placebo 3. Hormone Manipulation 4. Preoperative Procedures
comparison group:
Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis
1. Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection Using Robotic Assistance 2. Excision 3. Diagnostic Laparoscopy
comparison group:
Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation
1. Operation On Fallopian Tube
comparison group:
Tubal flushing for subfertility
1. Fallopian tube flushing 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system for endometrial hyperplasia
1. Surgery 2. Placebo 3. Progestogens
comparison group:
Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)
1. Triazole Derivatives 2. Imidazole Derivatives 3. Oral
comparison group:
Interventions for non‐tubal ectopic pregnancy
1. Hysteroscopy 2. Expectant Management 3. Systemic 4. Glucose 5. Potassium Chloride 6. Intrauterine Curette, Suction 7. Administration Of Medication 8. Open Surgical Procedure 9. Dilation And Curettage 10. Glucose / Potassium Chloride / Sodium Chloride Injectable Solution 11. Sodium chloride solution 12. Methotrexate 13. Laparoscope 14. Selective Embolization Of Artery
comparison group:
Progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Placebo
comparison group:
In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy
1. Uncontained power morcellation
comparison group:
Self‐administered versus provider‐administered medical abortion
1. Mifepristone 2. Misoprostol 3. Medical Practitioner
comparison group:
Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women
1. Anterior Colporrhaphy 2. Urinary Implant 3. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 4. Laparoscopic Colposuspension 5. Sham Surgery 6. Injection Of Urethra 7. Needle Suspension Procedure Of Bladder Neck 8. Colposuspension
comparison group:
Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
1. Placebo 2. Clomiphene Citrate 3. Letrozole 4. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling
comparison group:
Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women
1. Anterior Colporrhaphy 2. Urinary Implant 3. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 4. Laparoscopic Colposuspension 5. Sham Surgery 6. Injection Of Urethra 7. Single Incision Mid-urethral Mini-sling 8. Needle Suspension Procedure Of Bladder Neck 9. Colposuspension
comparison group:
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis
1. Excision Of Cyst Of Ovary 2. Progestogens And Estrogen Systemic Contraceptives, Fixed Combinations
comparison group:
Exercise for dysmenorrhoea
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Progestogens And Estrogens Systemic Contraceptives, Sequential Preparations 3. Progestogens And Estrogen Systemic Contraceptives, Fixed Combinations 4. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic midurethral tape surgery in women
1. Insertion of mid-urethral sling 2. Sham Intervention 3. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 4. Placebo 5. Injection Of Urethra 6. Colposuspension 7. Transurethral Injection Of Periurethral Tissue
comparison group:
Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Robot‐assisted surgery in gynaecology
1. Robotic assisted surgery 2. Open Surgical Procedure 3. Laparoscopy
comparison group:
Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Endometrial resection and ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Endometrial Ablation 2. Endoscopic Ablation Of Endometrium 3. Endometrial Balloon Ablation 4. Endometrial Microwave Ablation 5. Roller Ball Diathermy Of Endometrium 6. Radiofrequency Endometrial Ablation 7. Endometrial Thermal Ablation 8. Transcervical endometrial resection 9. Endometrial Laser Ablation 10. Photodynamic Ablation Of Endometrium 11. Cryotherapy Endometrial Ablation
comparison group:
Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
comparison group:
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
1. Placebo 2. Incontinence Pants Liner 3. Sham Electrical Stimulation
comparison group:
Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence
1. Anterior Colporrhaphy 2. Insertion of mid-urethral sling 3. Repair Of Urinary Stress Incontinence 4. Vaginal 5. Injection Of Urethra 6. Sacrocolpopexy 7. Reconstruction Of Pelvic Floor 8. Colposuspension 9. Pelvic Organ Prolapse/stress Urinary Incontinence Surgical Mesh 10. Transurethral Injection Of Periurethral Tissue
comparison group:
Acupuncture and acupressure for premenstrual syndrome
1. Sham Acupuncture 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis
1. Laparoscopic Excision Of Pelvic Endometriosis 2. Medical Therapy 3. Presacral Sympathectomy 4. Conservative Therapy 5. Endometrial Laser Ablation 6. Laparoscopic Uterosacral Nerve Ablation
comparison group:
Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse
1. Suture Of Uterosacral Ligament 2. Posterior Colporrhaphy With Mesh 3. Autograft 4. Allograft 5. Vaginal 6. Grafting Of Fascia 7. Transanal 8. Artificial Graft 9. Posterior Repair Of Vagina 10. Plication Of Fascia 11. Sacrospinous Fixation Of Vaginal Vault
comparison group:
Insulin‐sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D‐chiro‐inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility
1. Placebo 2. Clomiphene Citrate
comparison group:
Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids
1. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators 2. Progesterone Receptor Modulators 3. Placebo 4. Progestogens 5. Anti-estrogens 6. Preoperative 7. Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Agonist 8. Dopamine Agonists
comparison group:
Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women
1. Pelvic Floor Exercises 2. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 3. Repair Of Urinary Stress Incontinence 4. Laparoscopic Colposuspension 5. Drug Therapy 6. Complementary Therapy 7. Endoscopic Suburethral Injection Of Collagen In Female 8. Duloxetine 9. Needle Suspension Procedure Of Bladder Neck 10. Lifestyle education 11. Single Incision Mid-urethral Mini-sling 12. Cystoscopic Suburethral Injection In Female 13. Colposuspension
comparison group:
Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women
1. Repair Of Urinary Stress Incontinence 2. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation
comparison group:
Open retropubic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women
1. Anterior Colporrhaphy 2. Urinary Implant 3. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 4. Laparoscopic Colposuspension 5. Vaginal 6. Sham Surgery 7. Injection Of Urethra 8. Single Incision Mid-urethral Mini-sling 9. Needle Suspension Procedure Of Bladder Neck 10. Colposuspension
comparison group:
Bladder neck needle suspension for urinary incontinence in women
1. Anterior Colporrhaphy 2. Urinary Incontinence/sling Operation 3. Laparoscopic Colposuspension 4. Vaginal 5. Needle Suspension Procedure Of Bladder Neck 6. Cystoscopic Suburethral Injection In Female 7. Colposuspension 8. Surgical Suture
comparison group:
Progesterone receptor modulators for endometriosis
1. Progesterone Receptor Modulators 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective hysterectomy
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids
1. Uterine Artery embolization 2. Placebo 3. Hysterectomy 4. Uterine myomectomy
comparison group:
Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults
1. Catheter washout
comparison group:
Surgery for tubal infertility
1. In Vitro Fertilization 2. Expectant Management
comparison group:
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse
1. Repair Of Paravaginal Defect By Abdominal Approach 2. Anterior Colporrhaphy 3. Uterus-supporting Pessary 4. Pelvic Floor Exercises 5. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgical Mesh, Biologic-polymer Composite 6. Repair Of Paravaginal Defect By Vaginal Approach 7. Abdominal Hysterectomy 8. Anterior Mesh Vaginal Repair 9. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgical Mesh 10. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgical Mesh, Composite-polymer 11. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgical Mesh, Synthetic Polymer 12. Pelvic Organ Prolapse/stress Urinary Incontinence Surgical Mesh
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults
1. Preventive 2. Skin Care: Topical Treatments 3. Curative 4. Skin Care Management
comparison group:
Short‐term and long‐term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women
1. Progestogens And Estrogens In Combination 2. Estrogens 3. Placebo 4. Progestogens And Estrogens, Sequential Preparations 5. Hormone Therapy
comparison group:
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Techniques for the interruption of tubal patency for female sterilisation
1. Surgical Department 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms
1. Hormone Therapy
comparison group:
Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults
1. Clinic 2. Healthcare Professional 3. Catheter washout 4. Skin Cleansing Procedure 5. Medical Procedure On Periurethral Tissue 6. Implementation Of Aseptic Technique 7. Replacement Of Bladder Catheter 8. Lubricant
comparison group:
Antibiotics for treating septic abortion
1. Clindamycin 2. Dilation Of Cervix Uteri And Vacuum Aspiration Of Products Of Conception From Uterus 3. Chloramphenicol 4. Hysterectomy 5. Misoprostol 6. Dilation And Curettage For Termination Of Pregnancy 7. Aspiration Curettage Of Uterus For Termination Of Pregnancy 8. Tetracycline 9. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 10. Hysterotomy For Retained Placenta 11. Analgesics 12. Administration Of Intravenous Fluids 13. Penicillin 14. Red Blood Cell Transfusion 15. Kanamycin 16. Cefalotin
comparison group:
Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms
1. Placebo 2. Acupuncture 3. Hormone Therapy
comparison group:
Tricyclic and related drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children
1. Desmopressin 2. Drug Therapy 3. Alarm 4. Placebo 5. Tricyclic antidepressant
comparison group:
Trocar types in laparoscopy
1. Trocar Device
comparison group:
Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
1. Indwelling Urethral Drainage Catheter 2. Intermittent Urethral Catheterization 3. Suprapubic Catheter
comparison group:
Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women
1. Non-Surgical Interventions
comparison group:
Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger
1. Hormonal Contraceptives For Systemic Use 2. Progestogens And Estrogens Systemic Contraceptives, Sequential Preparations 3. Copper intrauterine device 4. Insertion Of Subcutaneous Contraceptive 5. Transdermal Contraceptive 6. Insertion Of Hormone Releasing Intrauterine Contraceptive Device 7. Drug-eluting Contraceptive Implant 8. Progestogens And Estrogen Systemic Contraceptives, Fixed Combinations 9. Injection Of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 10. Ethinyl Estradiol / Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring 11. Drug-eluting Intrauterine Device
comparison group:
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea
1. Other Antiinflammatory And Antirheumatic Agents, Non-steroids In Atc 2. Paracetamol 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion
1. Nurse Practitioner 2. Medical abortion 3. Physician Assistant 4. Midwife 5. Surgical termination of pregnancy 6. Medical Doctor 7. Nurse
comparison group:
Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception
1. Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device
comparison group:
Invasive urodynamic studies for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with voiding dysfunction
1. Urodynamic studies 2. History Taking 3. Clinical examination 4. Urinary Frequency Volume Chart
comparison group:
Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy
1. Prostaglandins 2. Placebo 3. Laminaria Digitata Preparation 4. Misoprostol
comparison group:
Add‐back therapy with GnRH analogues for uterine fibroids
1. Placebo 2. Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Agonist
comparison group:
Transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation for the treatment of women with urinary incontinence
1. Urinary Implant 2. Repair Of Urinary Stress Incontinence 3. Pessary 4. Sham Surgery 5. Injection Of Urethra
comparison group:
Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening in first‐trimester surgical abortion
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Imiquimod for anogenital warts in non‐immunocompromised adults
1. Trichloroacetic acid 2. Catechin 3. Podophyllotoxin 4. Placebo 5. Surgical Removal 6. Expectant Management 7. Cryotherapy
comparison group:
Minimally invasive surgical techniques versus open myomectomy for uterine fibroids
1. Hysteroscopy 2. Laparoscopic Myomectomy
comparison group:
Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
1. Urethral Catheter
comparison group:
Non‐surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain
1. Placebo 2. Non-Surgical Interventions
comparison group:
Pre‐operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Aromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroids
1. Surgery 2. Placebo 3. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention
1. Regional Anesthesia 2. Placebo 3. General Anesthesia 4. Systemic analgesia
comparison group:
Prophylactic antibiotics for transcervical intrauterine procedures
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Anti‐TNF‐α treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis
1. Surgery 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers
1. Late shift start 2. Irregular shift changes 3. Rotating shift work 4. Long shifts
comparison group:
Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being
1. Collective leadership 2. Leadership 3. Frontline worker 4. Healthcare service manager
comparison group:
Pre‐deployment programmes for building resilience in military and frontline emergency service personnel
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff
1. Personal Protective Equipment
comparison group:
Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers
1. Work-break schedules
comparison group:
Incentives for smoking cessation
1. Smoking Cessation Therapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Ergonomic interventions for preventing work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ergonomic interventions for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in dental care practitioners
1. Sham Intervention 2. Work Environment
comparison group:
Closed‐system drug‐transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff
1. Hazardous drugs 2. Safe handling
comparison group:
Workplace lighting for improving alertness and mood in daytime workers
1. Artificial lighting
comparison group:
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long‐term care institutions
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Rehabilitation following carpal tunnel release
1. Rehabilitation Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Organisational interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing work‐related stress in teachers
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions
comparison group:
Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Therapeutic ultrasound for carpal tunnel syndrome
1. Placebo 2. Non-Surgical Interventions
comparison group:
Training healthcare providers to respond to intimate partner violence against women
1. Domestic Violence Education 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Prophylactic corticosteroids for cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure
1. Cardiac Rehabilitation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Home‐based versus centre‐based cardiac rehabilitation
1. Cardiac Rehabilitation 2. Hospital And/or Institution
comparison group:
Effects of interventions targeting the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery on clinical outcomes in adults
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Haemostatic therapies for stroke due to acute, spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pravastatin for lowering lipids
1. Placebo
comparison group:
First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension
1. Calcium Channel Blockers 2. Angiotensin II Antagonists 3. Beta Blocking Agent 4. Renin-inhibitors 5. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agent 6. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor 7. Centrally acting hypotensive agent
comparison group:
Physical exercise for the treatment of non‐ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency
1. Exercise Education
comparison group:
Risk of thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19 who are using hormonal contraception
1. Non-hormonal contraception 2. Progesterone
comparison group:
Family presence during resuscitation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
1. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 2. Antithrombotic Agents 3. Oral 4. Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
comparison group:
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
1. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 2. Antithrombotic Agents 3. Oral 4. Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
comparison group:
General versus loco‐regional anesthesia for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
1. Regional Anesthesia
comparison group:
Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis
1. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage
1. Other Antithrombotic Agents 2. Anticoagulant therapy 3. Antiplatelet agent
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease
1. Immunoglobulins 2. Aspirin 3. Intravenous 4. Placebo 5. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agent 6. Corticosteroid series
comparison group:
Remote ischaemic preconditioning versus no remote ischaemic preconditioning for vascular and endovascular surgical procedures
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Totally percutaneous versus surgical cut‐down femoral artery access for elective bifurcated abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair
1. Cut-down femoral artery access
comparison group:
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency
1. Phlebotonics 2. Placebo 3. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass
1. Blood pressure measurement
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prothrombin complex concentrate in cardiac surgery for the treatment of coagulopathic bleeding
1. Usual Care 2. Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion 3. Recombinant FVIIa
comparison group:
Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease
1. Blood Pressure Monitoring
comparison group:
Pharmaceutical interventions for emotionalism after stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Active control
comparison group:
Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery
1. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Catheter‐directed therapies for the treatment of high risk (massive) and intermediate risk (submassive) acute pulmonary embolism
1. Systemic 2. Thrombolysis 3. Anticoagulant therapy
comparison group:
Action observation for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke
1. Physiotherapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy
1. Primary closure
comparison group:
Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment
1. Local Anesthesia 2. Monitored anesthesia care 3. Conscious Sedation 4. General Anesthesia
comparison group:
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
1. Saline
comparison group:
Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in selective shunting)
1. Selective 2. Carotid Endarterectomy
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
1. Immunoglobulins 2. Aspirin 3. Infliximab 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis
1. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism
1. Inpatient Environment
comparison group:
Endovascular versus conventional open surgical repair for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
1. Repair Of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
comparison group:
Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control 3. Active control
comparison group:
Angioplasty versus stenting for subclavian artery stenosis
1. Stent
comparison group:
Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension
1. Antihypertensive Therapy
comparison group:
Percutaneous thrombectomy or ultrasound‐accelerated thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia
1. Open Surgical Procedure
comparison group:
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication
1. Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy 2. Percutaneous Endovascular Device Procedure 3. Surgery 4. Placebo 5. Drug Therapy 6. Physical therapy exercises 7. Usual Care
comparison group:
Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease
1. Clinical management 2. Antidepressants 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care 5. Waiting list control 6. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Endovascular versus open surgical repair for complicated chronic Type B aortic dissection
1. Open Surgical Repair
comparison group:
Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins
1. Compression Stockings 2. Placebo 3. Injection Sclerotherapy Of Varicose Vein Of Lower Limb 4. Varicose Vein Operation
comparison group:
Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Renal denervation for resistant hypertension
1. Sham Intervention 2. Standard Dose
comparison group:
Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction
1. Medical Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Myocardial Revascularization
comparison group:
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta‐analysis
1. Blood Glucose Lowering Drugs, Excl. Insulins 2. Lifestyle education 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias
1. Continuous Administration 2. Anticoagulant therapy
comparison group:
Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy
1. Local Anesthetics 2. Carotid Endarterectomy
comparison group:
Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults
1. Palpation 2. Ultrasonic Guidance Procedure 3. Doppler Ultrasound Of Vein
comparison group:
Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins
1. Electrocoagulation 2. Placebo 3. Injection Of Sclerosing Agent 4. Microphlebectomy 5. Laser therapy
comparison group:
Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for aortic arch dissection
1. Open Surgical Repair
comparison group:
Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy
1. Cytokine Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous ulceration 
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cilostazol for intermittent claudication
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
1. Retroperitoneal approch
comparison group:
Endovascular thrombectomy and intra‐arterial interventions for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Intravenous 2. Usual Care 3. Thrombolysis
comparison group:
Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity
1. Subcutaneous 2. Heparin
comparison group:
Hybrid repair versus conventional open repair for thoracic aortic arch aneurysms
1. Open Surgical Repair 2. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Fludrocortisone for orthostatic hypotension
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery
1. Cardiac Rehabilitation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Endoluminal interventions versus surgical interventions for stenosis in vein grafts following infrainguinal bypass
1. Open Surgical Procedure
comparison group:
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
1. Placebo 2. Heparin
comparison group:
Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Surgical and radiological interventions for treating symptomatic extracranial cervical artery dissection
1. Medical Therapy
comparison group:
Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Blood pressure targets in adults with hypertension
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection)
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Angioplasty versus stenting for iliac artery lesions
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for primary hypertension
1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
comparison group:
Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke
1. Physiotherapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
1. Placebo 2. Ezetimibe 3. Statins
comparison group:
Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in people with antiphospholipid syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism
1. Vena Cava Filter
comparison group:
Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease
1. Arterial Bypass 2. Angioplasty Of Artery
comparison group:
Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Presurgery exercise‐based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Alcohol intake reduction for controlling hypertension
1. Drug Therapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Time course for blood pressure lowering of beta‐blockers with partial agonist activity
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy
1. Clinic 2. Blood Pressure Monitoring
comparison group:
mHealth education interventions in heart failure
1. Educational Material 2. Usual Care 3. Discussion
comparison group:
Effect of alcohol on blood pressure
1. Milky Drink 2. Carbonated Drink 3. Fruit Squash Drink 4. Juice
comparison group:
Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms
1. Endovascular Repair Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
comparison group:
Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke
1. Usual Care 2. Sham Electrical Stimulation
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease
1. Aspirin 2. Intravenous 3. Placebo 4. Cilostazol 5. Prostanoids
comparison group:
Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke
1. Drug Therapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Transverse versus vertical groin incision for femoral artery approach
1. Vertical groin incision
comparison group:
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation
1. Antithrombotic Agents 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis
1. Antithrombotic Agents 2. Placebo 3. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
Physical fitness training for stroke patients
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Attention Placebo Control 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Advance care planning for adults with heart failure
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis
1. Endarterectomy
comparison group:
Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension
1. Antihypertensive agents
comparison group:
Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers
1. Application Of Dressing
comparison group:
Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Endovascular versus open repair of asymptomatic popliteal artery aneurysm
1. Surgical Repair
comparison group:
Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) post‐percutaneous coronary intervention: a network meta‐analysis
1. Antithrombotic Agents 2. Placebo 3. Vitamin K Antagonists
comparison group:
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis in people with low surgical risk
1. Surgical aortic valve replacement
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combined proximal descending aortic endografting plus distal bare metal stenting (PETTICOAT technique) versus conventional proximal descending aortic stent graft repair for complicated type B aortic dissections
1. Endovascular Insertion Of Stent Graft
comparison group:
Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing cardiac surgery
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Compression therapy for treating post‐thrombotic syndrome
1. Compression Stockings 2. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
1. Calcium Channel Blockers 2. Beta Blocking Agent 3. Digoxin 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass
1. Analgesics 2. Peripheral Block Anesthesia 3. Wound Infiltration 4. Local Anesthetic Intrapleural Block
comparison group:
Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
1. Cardiac Rehabilitation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) versus open surgery for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury
1. Open Surgical Procedure
comparison group:
Drug‐eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis of the femoropopliteal arteries
1. Uncoated Balloon Angioplasty
comparison group:
Clinically‐indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters
1. Replacement Of Catheter 2. Routine
comparison group:
Disease management interventions for heart failure
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Angioplasty versus stenting for infrapopliteal arterial lesions in chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia
1. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
comparison group:
Implantable cardiac defibrillators for people with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy
1. Optimal Medical Therapy
comparison group:
Ezetimibe for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality events
1. Lipid Modifying Agents 2. Placebo
comparison group:
First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug classes for hypertension
1. Calcium Channel Blockers 2. Alpha 2 adrenergic blocking agent 3. Beta Blocking Agent 4. Thiazides 5. Central nervous system agent
comparison group:
Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
1. Sympathectomy 2. Drug Therapy 3. Stem Cell Therapy
comparison group:
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists for acute stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Intravenous 2. Thrombolysis
comparison group:
Very early versus delayed mobilisation after stroke
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Therapeutic mobilization
comparison group:
Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
1. Placebo 2. Antihypertensive agents
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for people with implantable ventricular assist devices
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Electromechanical and robot‐assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Mechanical versus manual chest compressions for cardiac arrest
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for people with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
1. Aneurysm Clipping 2. Aneurysm Clip
comparison group:
Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia
1. Surgery
comparison group:
Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors
1. Telehealth Monitoring 2. Monitor 3. Smartphone app 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Continuation versus discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy for bleeding and ischaemic events in adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1. Surgery
comparison group:
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Controlled hypotension versus normotensive resuscitation strategy for people with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
1. Intravenous 2. Body Fluid Replacement 3. Normotensive Resuscitation Strategy
comparison group:
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the healing and management of venous leg ulcers
1. Compression Bandaging 2. Dressing Of Ulcer 3. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy 4. Sham Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
comparison group:
Transradial versus transfemoral approach for diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in people with coronary artery disease
1. Transfemoral Approach
comparison group:
First‐line drugs for hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Supervised exercise therapy versus home‐based exercise therapy versus walking advice for intermittent claudication
1. Exercise therapy 2. Walking Practice 3. Home 4. Physical Therapist
comparison group:
Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation
1. Oral 2. Vitamin K
comparison group:
Fluvastatin for lowering lipids
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Graft type for femoro‐popliteal bypass surgery
1. Grafting Procedure
comparison group:
Pulmonary artery perfusion versus no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass for open heart surgery in adults
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with stable angina
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in people with acute stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Home versus in‐patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis
1. Low Molecular Weight Heparin Therapy 2. Unfractionated Heparin Therapy 3. Hospital
comparison group:
Exercise for intermittent claudication
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for preventing cardiovascular events
1. Aspirin 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers for primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Thrombolysis for acute upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
1. Anticoagulant therapy
comparison group:
Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for preventing stroke and systemic embolic events among atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease
1. Warfarin
comparison group:
Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia
1. Adenosine 2. Intravenous
comparison group:
Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome
1. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis
1. Conservative Therapy
comparison group:
Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome
1. Bare Metal Stent
comparison group:
Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults
1. Blood Pressure Monitoring
comparison group:
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vitamin K antagonists versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism
1. Low Molecular Weight Heparin Therapy
comparison group:
Occupational therapy for adults with problems in activities of daily living after stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery
1. Usual Care 2. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events
1. Lipid Modifying Agents 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Laparoscopic surgery for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
1. Endovascular Repair Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 2. Open Surgical Procedure
comparison group:
Complete versus culprit‐only revascularisation in ST elevation myocardial infarction with multi‐vessel disease
1. Management of drug regimen 2. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
comparison group:
Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation
1. Self-monitoring 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of renin inhibitors for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Unfractionated Heparin Therapy
comparison group:
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non‐asphyxial out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 2. Out of Hospital 3. Intermittent Administration 4. Chest Wall Procedure
comparison group:
Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Risk scoring for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fixed‐dose combination therapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
1. Drug Prophylaxis 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Eplerenone for hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ranolazine for stable angina pectoris
1. Calcium Channel Blockers 2. Beta Blocking Agent 3. Nicorandil 4. Ivabradine 5. Placebo 6. Trimetazidine 7. Organic Nitrates
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers for hypertension
1. Other Antihypertensives 2. Placebo