anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
comparison group:
Rapid versus slow withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs
1. Medication Withdrawal
comparison group:
Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Intermittent Administration 3. Prophylaxis 4. Placebo 5. Usual Care
comparison group:
Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
1. Orthodontic Appliance
comparison group:
Interventions for treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis
1. Mucolytic 2. Drugs For Constipation 3. Procedure On Intestine 4. Placebo 5. Laxative
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Laxative 3. Oral
comparison group:
Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion
1. Red Blood Cell Transfusion
comparison group:
Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
1. Blood Glucose Monitoring
comparison group:
Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Autogenic drainage for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis
1. Active Cycle Of Breathing Technique 2. Positive Expiratory Pressure Mask Physiotherapy 3. High Frequency Chest Compression Vest Physiotherapy 4. Physical therapy exercises 5. Chest-oscillation Airway Secretion-clearing System 6. Postural Drainage Therapy 7. High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy for chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Chemotherapy for second‐stage human African trypanosomiasis: drugs in use
1. Fexinidazole 2. NECT 3. Acoziborole.
comparison group:
Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression
1. Antipsychotics 2. Antidepressants 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Carisbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis
1. Fluid therapy 2. Intravenous Therapy
comparison group:
Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline
1. Antioxidants 2. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological 3. Physiotherapy 4. Respiratory Muscle Training 5. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
comparison group:
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation
comparison group:
Topiramate for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Non‐corticosteroid adjuvant therapies for acute bacterial meningitis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use
1. Placebo 2. Vaccine
comparison group:
Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Decision coaching for people making healthcare decisions
1. Usual Care 2. Decision aids
comparison group:
Antiepileptic drugs for seizure control in people with neurocysticercosis
1. Anthelmintic 2. Anabolic Steroids 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Phototherapy for atopic eczema
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions
1. Shorter-length catheter 2. Use Of Clean Technique 3. Multiple-use catheter
comparison group:
Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants
1. Enteral+supplement Feeds 2. Breastfeeding 3. Infant Feeding Bottle
comparison group:
Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or anti‐immunoglobulin‐E agents, for people with asthma
1. Placebo 2. Omalizumab 3. Interleukin-5 Inhibitor
comparison group:
Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants
1. Lung Surfactants 2. Usual Care 3. Mechanical ventilation 4. Oxygen Therapy
comparison group:
Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic‐exposed children and adults
1. Fortified food 2. Placebo 3. Nutrient supplementation 4. Food
comparison group:
Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy
1. Root Canal Filling Material
comparison group:
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Sulthiame monotherapy for epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Treatments for seizures in catamenial (menstrual‐related) epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy 3. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
1. Placebo 2. Psychotherapy 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults
1. Somatropin 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Heliox for croup in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children
1. Music Therapy 2. Sleep Management 3. Sedative
comparison group:
Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth
1. Amalgam restoration
comparison group:
Continuous versus bolus intermittent intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
1. Orogastric Feeding 2. Bolus Tube Feeding 3. Nasogastric Feeding
comparison group:
Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1. Tube Feeding By Drip Method
comparison group:
Timing of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in cystic fibrosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period
1. Home Visit For Postpartum Care And Assessment
comparison group:
Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants
1. Infant Massage 2. Water Mattress 3. Opioids 4. Placebo 5. Hypnotics And Sedatives 6. Hydrotherapy Relaxation 7. Non-nutritive sucking 8. Usual Care 9. Infant Blanket
comparison group:
Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates
1. Light Therapy 2. Sun Exposure
comparison group:
Bisphosphonate use in children with cerebral palsy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ivermectin treatment in humans for reducing malaria transmission
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease
1. Recommendation To Change Sodium Intake
comparison group:
Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams
1. Infant Formula 2. Breast Milk 3. Bolus Tube Feeding 4. Nasogastric Feeding
comparison group:
Eslicarbazepine acetate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis
1. Sunflowerseed oil 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Topical azole treatments for otomycosis
1. Placebo 2. Azole antifungal
comparison group:
New generation antidepressants for depression in children and adolescents: a network meta‐analysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide‐treated nets to prevent malaria in Africa
1. Mosquito Nets
comparison group:
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
1. Internet Psychological Therapy 2. Psychological Assessment 3. Internet Psychoeducation 4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 5. Usual Care 6. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants
1. Analgesics 2. Placebo 3. Hypnotics And Sedatives 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Rubber dam isolation for restorative treatment in dental patients
1. Isolation Procedure 2. Dental Cotton Roll 3. Restorative dental procedure
comparison group:
Surfactant therapy via thin catheter in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
1. Thin catheter 2. Surfactant
comparison group:
Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants
1. Emollients And Protectives 2. Administration Of Drug Or Medicament To Skin Via Topical Route 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Financial incentive
comparison group:
Immediate antiepileptic drug treatment, versus placebo, deferred, or no treatment for first unprovoked seizure
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Rapid versus standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide treatment of bloodstream infection
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Proton Pump Inhibitors 2. H2-receptor Antagonists 3. Drug Therapy 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Cough augmentation techniques for people with chronic neuromuscular disorders
1. Cough Augmentation Techniques
comparison group:
Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression
1. Antidepressants 2. Placebo 3. Psychotherapy 4. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an inhaled corticosteroid for chronic asthma: serious adverse events
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Salmeterol
comparison group:
Anti‐seizure medications for Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Circumcision devices versus standard surgical techniques in adolescent and adult male circumcisions
1. Dissection-based circumcision
comparison group:
Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Dornase alfa for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
1. Analgesics 2. Opioids 3. Placebo 4. Sedative
comparison group:
Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates
1. Placebo
comparison group:
High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants
1. Enteral nutrition
comparison group:
Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis
1. Recombinant Human Dnase 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Interventions for self‐harm in children and adolescents
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients
1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation 2. Bipap Oxygen Nasal Cannula 3. Oxygen Therapy
comparison group:
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
1. Ultra-long-acting insulin analogue 2. Long-acting insulin 3. Isophane insulin
comparison group:
Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Patient and lay carer education for preventing pressure ulceration in at‐risk populations
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn
1. Fluid therapy
comparison group:
The effectiveness and adverse effects of D‐cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Systemic 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people with chronic kidney disease
1. Haemodialysis
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers versus placebo or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Surgical interventions for the early management of Bell's palsy
1. Sham Intervention 2. Delayed Treatment 3. Surgery
comparison group:
Band ligation versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents
1. Ethosuximide 2. Placebo 3. Valproate 4. Lamotrigine
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy versus no antibiotic therapy for children aged 2 to 59 months with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia
1. Placebo 2. Oral Hygiene Measures
comparison group:
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Respiratory muscle training for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Magnesium sulphate for treating acute bronchiolitis in children up to two years of age
1. Epinephrine 2. Inhaled Bronchodilator Therapy 3. Placebo 4. Hypertonic Solutions
comparison group:
Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age
1. Placebo 2. Low Dose 3. Vitamin D and analogues 4. Nutritional supplement
comparison group:
Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health
1. Sun Exposure 2. Placebo 3. Vitamin D and analogues
comparison group:
Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants
1. Expectant Management
comparison group:
N‐acetylcysteine for non‐paracetamol (acetaminophen)‐related acute liver failure
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life‐threatening illness in community health and hospital settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children
1. Placebo 2. Vaccine
comparison group:
Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants
1. Fortified Milk 2. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy
1. Sham Intervention 2. Walking Practice
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy 3. Psychotherapy 4. Usual Care 5. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Band ligation versus sclerotherapy for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis
1. Sclerotherapy Of Esophageal Varices
comparison group:
Rufinamide add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy
1. Rufinamide 2. Placebo 3. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment for continuous spike‐wave during slow wave sleep syndrome and Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome
1. Placebo 2. Acetazolamide 3. Antiepileptics 4. Trazodone 5. Vagus Nerve Stimulator 6. Neurosurgery 7. Immunoglobulin A 8. Ketogenic diet
comparison group:
Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents
1. Application Of Dental Fluoride Varnish
comparison group:
Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Sham Intervention 2. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Specialised early intervention teams for recent‐onset psychosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Specialised early intervention teams (extended time) for recent‐onset psychosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Physical activity interventions for people with congenital heart disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children
1. Distraction 2. Virtual Reality
comparison group:
Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
1. Placebo 2. Insulins and analogues 3. Glycaemic-lowering agent
comparison group:
Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants
1. Continuous Negative Pressure Ventilation Treatment 2. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation
comparison group:
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants
1. Oxygen
comparison group:
Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases
1. Decontamination 2. Room ventilation 3. Dental Rubber Dam
comparison group:
Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
1. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing ophthalmia neonatorum
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Aural toilet (ear cleaning) for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Ear Care 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID‐19: a rapid review
1. Quarantine 2. Public health practice
comparison group:
Systemic treatments for eczema: a network meta‐analysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants
1. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and middle‐income countries affected by humanitarian crises
1. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Psychological treatments for people with epilepsy
1. Monitoring Adherence To Medication Regime 2. Psychological Assessment 3. Education Assistance 4. Self-care practice
comparison group:
Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Hydrosurgical debridement versus conventional surgical debridement for acute partial‐thickness burns
1. Split Thickness Skin Graft 2. Debridement Of Burnt Skin
comparison group:
Pharmacotherapy for hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
1. Placebo 2. Sulfasalazine 3. Aminosalicylic Acid And Similar Agents
comparison group:
Surgical interventions for primary congenital glaucoma
1. Glaucoma surgery
comparison group:
Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
1. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease
1. Quinolone Antibacterials 2. Cephalosporins 3. Doxycycline
comparison group:
Stem cell‐based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants
1. Placebo 2. Mesenchymal stromal cells
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Primaquine alternative dosing schedules for preventing malaria relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax
1. Primaquine
comparison group:
Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: a rapid review
1. Patient Diary 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary syndrome
1. Progestogens And Estrogen Systemic Contraceptives, Fixed Combinations 2. Metformin
comparison group:
Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs versus other oral analgesic agents for acute soft tissue injury
1. Paracetamol 2. Analgesics 3. Opioids 4. Complementary Therapy
comparison group:
Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
1. Placebo 2. Sulfasalazine 3. Aminosalicylic Acid And Similar Agents
comparison group:
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Pancreatic enzyme
comparison group:
Perioperative antibiotics for preventing post‐surgical site infections in solid organ transplant recipients
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Glucose‐lowering agents for treating pre‐existing and new‐onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Glycaemic-lowering agent
comparison group:
Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Fortified Milk 3. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Topical treatment for facial burns
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term‐born infants
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Beta‐blockers for congestive heart failure in children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Workplace pedometer interventions for increasing physical activity
1. Workplace 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Statins for asthma
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Statins
comparison group:
Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
1. Prone positioning 2. Supine positioning 3. Positioning Patient
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Use of reflective materials during phototherapy for newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
1. Phototherapy Of Newborn
comparison group:
Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Ketogenic diets for drug‐resistant epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Pitavastatin for lowering lipids
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of central venous catheter‐related thrombosis in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus
1. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
comparison group:
Standard versus biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis
1. Anti-bacterial agent 2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test
comparison group:
Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Vitamin K
comparison group:
Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants
1. Breast Milk 2. Nutrient supplementation
comparison group:
Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults
1. Giving Encouragement To Perform Activity
comparison group:
Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non‐hospitalised term infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute exacerbations in chronic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
1. Detection Of Antimicrobial Substance 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Artificial corneas versus donor corneas for repeat corneal transplants
1. Corneal Transplant
comparison group:
Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
1. Sham Intervention 2. Incontinence Alarm 3. Drug Therapy 4. Placebo 5. Behavioral Therapy
comparison group:
Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) for acne
1. Placebo 2. Topical
comparison group:
Corticosteroids as standalone or add‐on treatment for sore throat
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled mannitol for cystic fibrosis
1. Dornase Alfa 2. Mannitol 3. Saline 4. Inhaled
comparison group:
Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) versus heparin intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long‐term central venous catheters in infants and children
1. Preventive 2. Saline
comparison group:
Oscillating devices for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children
1. Tonsillotomy 2. Adenoidectomy
comparison group:
Treating progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in people living with HIV
1. Amphotericin B Liposome
comparison group:
Clonazepam add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children
1. Calcium 2. Vitamin D and analogues
comparison group:
Non‐invasive respiratory support for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn
1. Oxygen 2. Nasal 3. Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation 4. High Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation 5. High Flow Oxygen Nasal Cannula
comparison group:
Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Rinse‐free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among preschool and school children
1. Hand washing with Soap 2. Hand Washing Education
comparison group:
Agricultural and nutritional education interventions for reducing aflatoxin exposure to improve infant and child growth in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Waiting list control 2. Usual support
comparison group:
EEG for children with complex febrile seizures
1. Electroencephalogram
comparison group:
Clonidine for pain in non‐ventilated infants
1. Paracetamol 2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 3. Opioids 4. Dexmedetomidine 5. Placebo
comparison group:
Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Parenteral nutrition
comparison group:
Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic treatment for Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Sham Intervention 2. Physiotherapy 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia
1. Hydrocortisone 2. Prednisolone
comparison group:
Sustained versus standard inflations during neonatal resuscitation to prevent mortality and improve respiratory outcomes
1. Inflation 2. Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation 3. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Diaphragm‐triggered non‐invasive respiratory support in preterm infants
1. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
1. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy
1. Immunosuppressant 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Sclerotherapy versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age
1. Folic Acid 2. Multiple micronutrients 3. Iron 4. Zinc 5. Food Additive 6. Nutrient supplementation 7. Iron supplementation 8. Vitamin A 9. Iron+folic Acid 10. Placebo 11. Iron Preparations 12. Usual Care 13. Nutritional supplement
comparison group:
Timing of hypertonic saline inhalation for cystic fibrosis
1. Hypertonic saline 2. Nebulizer
comparison group:
Different unfractionated heparin doses for preventing arterial thrombosis in children undergoing cardiac catheterization
1. Preventive 2. Unfractionated Heparin Therapy 3. High Dose 4. Intravenous Bolus
comparison group:
Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants
1. Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor 2. Intravenous 3. Ibuprofen 4. Placebo 5. Intermittent Intravenous Infusion Of Therapeutic Substance 6. Indomethacin
comparison group:
Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Erythropoietin
comparison group:
Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns
1. Sucrose 2. Infant Care 3. Placebo 4. Kangaroo Care 5. Morphine 6. Glucose 7. Breast Milk 8. Anesthetics
comparison group:
Oral Janus kinase inhibitors for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin
1. Placebo 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis
1. Probiotics 2. Placebo 3. Oral
comparison group:
Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents
1. Vaccination
comparison group:
Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure–lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury
1. Intracranial pressure-lowering agents
comparison group:
Anti‐inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Sclerotherapy versus beta‐blockers for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis
1. Beta Blocking Agent
comparison group:
Topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics versus topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Antiseptics 2. Topical
comparison group:
Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors
1. Physical activity 2. Feeding and dietary regime
comparison group:
Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media
1. Placebo 2. Aminoglycoside Antibacterials 3. Topical
comparison group:
Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of high intracranial pressure in closed traumatic brain injury
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Tonsillectomy for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA)
1. Corticosteroids - Otological 2. Analgesics 3. Cimetidine 4. Expectant Management 5. Other Analgesics And Antipyretics 6. Usual Care
comparison group:
Racecadotril for acute diarrhoea in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for prevention of poliomyelitis
1. Intramuscular 2. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine 3. Standard Dose
comparison group:
Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice
1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Interventions for managing halitosis
1. Mouthwash 2. Placebo 3. Toothbrushing
comparison group:
Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia
1. Parenteral 2. Placebo 3. Iron Preparations 4. Oral 5. Usual Care
comparison group:
Primary closure versus delayed or no closure for traumatic wounds due to mammalian bite
1. Delayed Suture Of Wound
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control 3. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis
1. Oral Poliovirus Vaccine 2. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
comparison group:
Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulins for epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Active Cycle Of Breathing Technique 2. Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Physiotherapy 3. Autogenic Pulmonary Drainage 4. Positive End-expiratory Pressure Monitoring 5. Physical therapy exercises 6. Chest-oscillation Airway Secretion-clearing System 7. Postural Drainage Therapy
comparison group:
Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment
1. Fluoride 2. Slow-release Fluoride Devices 3. Placebo 4. Dental Clinic 5. Usual Care 6. Home
comparison group:
Human milk‐derived fortifier versus bovine milk‐derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates
1. Bovine milk-derived fortifier 2. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Intranasal corticosteroids for non‐allergic rhinitis
1. Nasal 2. Ipratropium 3. Capsaicin 4. Placebo 5. Cromoglycate 6. Saline 7. Antihistamine
comparison group:
Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema
1. Drug vehicle 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion‐associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
1. Enteral nutrition
comparison group:
Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children
1. Ureterorenoscopy 2. Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Of Ureter 3. Urinary Tract Operations 4. Renal Lithotripsy
comparison group:
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
1. Sham injection 2. Physiotherapy 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Valproate for acute mania
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled
comparison group:
Interventions to improve disposal of child faeces for preventing diarrhoea and soil‐transmitted helminth infection
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children
1. Lifestyle education
comparison group:
Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Public health deworming programmes for soil‐transmitted helminths in children living in endemic areas
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease
1. Sham Intervention 2. Singing 3. Deep Breathing Exercises 4. Inspiratory Muscle Training 5. Respiratory Muscle Training 6. Usual Care 7. Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises
comparison group:
Homeopathy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption
1. Food availability 2. Food proximity 3. Proximal-Physical Micro Environment 4. Alcohol proximity 5. Tobacco availabilty 6. Alcohol availability
comparison group:
Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis
1. Intravenous 2. Aminoglycoside Antibacterials
comparison group:
Fetal biometry for guiding the medical management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus for improving maternal and perinatal health
1. Management Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 2. Blood Glucose Monitoring
comparison group:
Chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill for the prevention of hospital‐acquired infection
1. Bathing Patient
comparison group:
Contact tracing strategies in household and congregate environments to identify cases of tuberculosis in low‐ and moderate‐incidence populations
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Sulthiame add‐on therapy for epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
TNF‐α blockers for the treatment of Kawasaki disease in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
1. Placebo
comparison group:
eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants
1. Infant Formula 2. Cow's Milk
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing obesity in children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children
1. Intravenous 2. Saline
comparison group:
Community first responders for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review
1. Phenytoin
comparison group:
Genetic testing for prevention of severe drug‐induced skin rash
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for morphea
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Singing as an adjunct therapy for children and adults with cystic fibrosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome
1. Inositol 2. Placebo 3. Low Dose
comparison group:
Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Computer and mobile technology interventions to promote medication adherence and disease management in people with thalassemia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants
1. Protein Supplements 2. Giving Expressed Breast Milk 3. Nutrient supplementation
comparison group:
Surgery for epilepsy
1. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B
1. Herb
comparison group:
Social skills training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years
1. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Enzyme replacement therapy with laronidase (Aldurazyme®) for treating mucopolysaccharidosis type I
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants
1. Fat Emulsions 2. Soybean Oil 3. Fish Oil
comparison group:
Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants
1. Fat Emulsions 2. Soybean Oil 3. Fish Oil
comparison group:
Lithium for acute mania
1. Electroconvulsive therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for promoting participation in shared decision‐making for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
1. Shared Decision Making 2. Decision Making Encouragement
comparison group:
Ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) for home‐based nutritional rehabilitation of severe acute malnutrition in children from six months to five years of age
1. Usual Care 2. Ready-to-use Therapeutic Foods 3. Food
comparison group:
Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes
1. Placebo 2. Multiple micronutrients 3. Supplementary food 4. Infant Feeding Education
comparison group:
Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea
1. Placebo
comparison group:
MVA85A vaccine to enhance BCG for preventing tuberculosis
1. Candida Albicans Injectable Solution 2. BCG vaccine
comparison group:
Haloperidol discontinuation for people with schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Eradication therapy for Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Medical treatment for botulism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia
1. Glucose
comparison group:
Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries
1. Interdental Brush 2. Toothbrushing 3. Mechanical Interdental Cleaning Device 4. Dental Floss
comparison group:
Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
1. Chronic Pain Control Education 2. Relaxation Program 3. Usual Care 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Long‐term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
1. Physiotherapy 2. Constraint-induced Movement Therapy 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting
1. Intravenous 2. Crystalloids
comparison group:
Family‐based prevention programmes for alcohol use in young people
1. Alcohol Abuse Prevention Education 2. Alcohol Abuse Prevention
comparison group:
Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy
1. Folic Acid 2. Placebo 3. Iron
comparison group:
Probiotics to prevent infantile colic
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Dental cavity liners for Class I and Class II resin‐based composite restorations
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries
1. Toothpaste 2. Fluoride 3. Placebo 4. Low Dose 5. High Dose 6. Medium dose
comparison group:
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
The use of ultrasound guidance for perioperative neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Positive end‐expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
1. Positive End-expiratory Pressure Monitoring
comparison group:
Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease
1. Iron Preparations 2. Oral
comparison group:
Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotic treatment for newborns with congenital syphilis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease
1. Dietary Regime
comparison group:
Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn
1. Thoracostomy
comparison group:
Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women
1. Placebo 2. Iron Preparations
comparison group:
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence
1. Placebo 2. Supportive Counseling
comparison group:
School‐based self‐management interventions for asthma in children and adolescents: a mixed methods systematic review
1. School 2. Usual Care 3. Self-care practice