anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Interventions:
Non‐antistreptococcal interventions for acute guttate psoriasis or an acute guttate flare of chronic psoriasis
1. Administration Of Drug Or Medicament To Skin Via Topical Route 2. Systemic 3. Phototherapy Of Skin
Interventions:
Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis
1. Other Antibacterials 2. Tonsillectomy
Interventions:
Risk assessment tools for the prevention of pressure ulcers
1. Preventive 2. Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment
Interventions:
Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers
1. Gel-filled Bed Mattress 2. Gel-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 3. Transfer/turning Assistive Device 4. Water-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 5. Wheelchair Cushion 6. Foam Mattress 7. Air-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 8. Alternating-pressure Bed Mattress Overlay System 9. Fibre-filled Mattress 10. Bead-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 11. Air-fluidized Bed 12. Bead-filled Mattress 13. Air-filled Mattress 14. Sheepskin bed mattress overlay 15. Fibre-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 16. Operating Table Mattress Overlay 17. Foam-filled Bed Mattress Overlay 18. Water-filled Bed Mattress 19. Bed Frame 20. Low-air-loss Bed
Interventions:
Education of healthcare professionals for preventing pressure ulcers
1. Preventive 2. Pressure Ulcer Prevention Education
Interventions:
Foam dressings for treating pressure ulcers
1. Foam Dressing
Interventions:
Systemic antibiotics for treating malignant wounds
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use
Interventions:
Anabolic steroids for treating pressure ulcers
1. Anabolic Steroids
Interventions:
Scalpel versus electrosurgery for major abdominal incisions
1. Electrosurgery
Interventions:
Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus
1. Parenteral 2. Topical 3. Oral
Interventions:
Emollients and moisturisers for eczema
1. Moisturizer application 2. Emollient 3. Application Of Emollient To Skin
Interventions:
Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery
1. Closed Drainage Wound Care 2. Suction Drainage
Interventions:
Bed rest for pressure ulcer healing in wheelchair users
1. Bedrest
Interventions:
Antibiotics and antiseptics for pressure ulcers
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 3. Antiseptics 4. Antibiotics For Topical Use
Interventions:
Interventions for acne scars
1. Interferons 2. Imiquimod 3. Combined Therapy 4. Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy To Skin 5. Chemical Peeling Of Skin Lesion 6. Laser therapy 7. Dermabrasion 8. Laser Resurfacing Of Skin 9. Injection Of Steroid Into Lesion 10. Bleomycin 11. Skin Grafting 12. Dermal Punch 13. Cryotherapy
Interventions:
Antibiotics and antiseptics for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 3. Antiseptics 4. Antibiotics For Topical Use
Interventions:
Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Healthcare Professional 3. Antiseptics 4. Topical 5. Or - Operating Room 6. Healthcare Facility
Interventions:
Anti‐TNF agents for paediatric psoriasis
1. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors 2. Intravenous 3. Subcutaneous 4. Oral
Interventions:
Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Hormonal Contraceptives For Systemic Use 3. Immunosuppressant 4. Excision 5. Carbon Dioxide Laser 6. Topical 7. Systemic 8. Oral 9. Keratolytic agent 10. Antibiotic Therapy 11. Antiinflammatory Agents
Interventions:
Wound‐care teams for preventing and treating pressure ulcers
1. Pressure Ulcer Care Management 2. Preventive 3. Wound-Care Team 4. Healthcare Facility
Interventions:
Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis
1. Fumaric Acid Esters 2. Topical 3. Systemic 4. Oral
Interventions:
Negative pressure wound therapy for treating surgical wounds healing by secondary intention
1. Negative Pressure Wound Dressing
Interventions:
Interventions for rosacea
1. Azelaic Acid 2. Permethrin 3. Clindamycin 4. Azithromycin 5. Skin Care 6. Brimonidine 7. Systemic 8. Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy To Skin 9. Tetracycline 10. Oral Antibiotic Therapy 11. Light Therapy 12. Skin Care: Topical Treatments 13. Recommendation To Avoid Behavior 14. Doxycycline 15. Minocycline 16. Fusidic Acid 17. Cosmetics 18. Isotretinoin 19. Metronidazole 20. Ivermectin 21. Tretinoin 22. Spicy Food
Interventions:
Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Antiseptics 3. Preoperative
Interventions:
Interventions for vitiligo
1. Light Therapy 2. Skin Care: Topical Treatments 3. Surgery 4. Application Of Cosmetic Camouflage 5. Skin Care 6. Psychotherapy 7. Complementary Therapy 8. Oral
Interventions:
Repositioning for treating pressure ulcers
1. Repositioning
Interventions:
Negative pressure wound therapy for partial‐thickness burns
1. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Interventions:
Recombinant human growth hormone for treating burns and donor sites
1. Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Interventions:
Removal of nail polish and finger rings to prevent surgical infection
1. Finger ring removal 2. Nail polish removal
Interventions:
Topical agents and dressings for fungating wounds
1. Application Of Topical Agent To Skin 2. Wound dressing
Interventions:
Pressure‐relieving devices for treating heel pressure ulcers
1. Pressure Relief Equipment
Interventions:
Narrow‐band ultraviolet B phototherapy versus broad‐band ultraviolet B or psoralen‐ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for psoriasis
1. Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy
Interventions:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection
1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Interventions:
Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Lower Middle Income Country 2. Low Income Country
Interventions:
Baclofen for alcohol use disorder
1. Baclofen
Interventions:
Opioid agonist treatment for people who are dependent on pharmaceutical opioids
1. Levacetylmethadol 2. Oxycodone 3. Morphine 4. Methadone 5. Opiate agonist 6. Maintenance Therapy 7. Codeine 8. Opiate partial agonist
Interventions:
Music therapy for people with substance use disorders
1. Music Therapy 2. Usual Care
Interventions:
Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care
1. Counseling About Tobacco Use 2. Primary Care Hospital
Interventions:
Interventions to reduce tobacco use in people experiencing homelessness
1. Smoking Cessation Therapy 2. Motivation Therapy 3. Smoking Cessation Education
Interventions:
Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders
1. Dihydrocodeine
Interventions:
Smoking cessation intervention for reducing disease activity in chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases
1. Smoking Cessation Therapy
Interventions:
Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation
1. Smoking Cessation Therapy 2. Adjunct 3. Supportive Pharmacotherapy
Interventions:
Cognitive‐behavioural treatment for amphetamine‐type stimulants (ATS)‐use disorders
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Interventions:
Antidepressants for the treatment of people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence
1. Antidepressants
Interventions:
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
1. Primary Care Department 2. Alcohol Consumption Counseling
Interventions:
Personalised digital interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in community‐dwelling populations
1. Smartphone app 2. Text Message 3. Computer delivered intervention
Interventions:
Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal
1. Naloxone 2. Nalmefene 3. Naltrexone
Interventions:
Supervised dosing with a long‐acting opioid medication in the management of opioid dependence
1. Buprenorphine 2. Methadone 3. Supervised Consumption Of Medication
Interventions:
Psychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence
1. Central stimulant 2. Psychostimulant
Interventions:
Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder
1. Drug Addiction Counseling 2. Outpatient Environment 3. Motivational Interviewing Technique 4. Social Support 5. Relapse Prevention 6. Substance Use Education 7. Behavioral Therapy 8. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 9. Mindfulness
Interventions:
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
1. Tizanidine 2. Clonidine 3. Guanfacine 4. Lofexidine 5. Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists
Interventions:
Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
1. Antipsychotics
Interventions:
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence
1. Mazindol 2. Levodopa 3. Dopamine Agonists
Interventions:
Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence
1. Anticonvulsants
Interventions:
Universal school‐based prevention for illicit drug use
1. School 2. Substance Use Prevention 3. Substance Use Education
Interventions:
Restricting or banning alcohol advertising to reduce alcohol consumption in adults and adolescents
1. Advertising regulation
Interventions:
Maintenance treatments for opiate ‐dependent adolescents
1. Opiate agonist
Interventions:
Anticonvulsants for alcohol dependence
1. Anticonvulsants 2. Psychosocial intervention 3. Drug Therapy
Interventions:
Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence
1. Buprenorphine 2. Maintenance Therapy
Interventions:
Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence
1. Psychotherapy 2. Psychostimulant
Interventions:
Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults
1. Urinary Bladder Training
Interventions:
Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women
1. Vaginal pessary 2. Pelvic Floor Exercises 3. Oestrogen therapy 4. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgical Mesh
Interventions:
Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery
1. Magnetic field therapy 2. Pelvic Floor Exercises 3. Lifestyle education 4. Biofeedback Procedure 5. Electrical stimulation
Interventions:
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy To Prostate
Interventions:
Anticholinergics combined with alpha‐blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction
1. Anticholinergics 2. Alpha-adrenoreceptor Antagonists
Interventions:
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Connective Radiofrequency Water Vapour Thermal Therapy
Interventions:
Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction
1. Transurethral Prostatectomy
Interventions:
Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Prostate Implantation
Interventions:
Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction
1. Physical therapy exercises
Interventions:
Antimicrobial agents for preventing urinary tract infections in adults undergoing cystoscopy
1. Preventive 2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Interventions:
Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi
1. Ureteroscopic Ureteric Stent Procedure
Interventions:
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Usual Care 2. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, cardiac stimulant
Interventions:
Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Testosterone-5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors 2. Naftopidil
Interventions:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Interventions:
Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women
1. Vaginal 2. Transanal 3. Transdermal 4. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator
Interventions:
Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Testosterone-5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors 2. Silodosin
Interventions:
Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men
1. Desmopressin
Interventions:
Surgery versus non‐surgical management for unilateral ureteric‐pelvic junction obstruction in newborns and infants less than two years of age
1. Operative Procedure On Pelvis
Interventions:
Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis
1. Antibiotic Therapy
Interventions:
Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers
1. Reconstruction Of Pressure Ulcer
Interventions:
Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs
1. Reconstruction Of Lower Limb 2. Skeletal Fixation Procedure 3. Reconstruction Of Upper Limb 4. Early Treatment 5. Reconstruction Procedure 6. Soft Tissue Closure 7. Staging 8. Administration Of Antibiotic 9. Surgical Debridement Of Wound 10. Debridement Of Open Fracture 11. Antibiotic Prophylaxis 12. Skin Flap Operation
Interventions:
Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers
1. Reactive airbed 2. Bed Mattress Overlay 3. Reactive mattress
Interventions:
Intracavity lavage and wound irrigation for prevention of surgical site infection
1. Intracavity Lavage 2. Wound irrigation
Interventions:
Topical phenytoin for treating pressure ulcers
1. Topical 2. Phenytoin
Interventions:
Interventions for treating gas gangrene
1. Debridement 2. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 3. Ozone Therapy 4. Support System Interventions 5. Wound irrigation 6. Gas gangrene antitoxin 7. Traditional Chinese Medicine 8. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Interventions:
Dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters (CVC)
1. Gauze Dressing 2. Hydrocolloid Dressing 3. Adhesive Tape 4. Medicated Dressing 5. Polyurethane Foam Dressing 6. Securing Of Medical Device Tubing 7. Chlorhexidine 8. Suture
Interventions:
Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters to prevent complications
1. Bandage 2. Adhesive Tape 3. Bandages and surgical tapes
Interventions:
Perioperative corticosteroids for preventing complications following facial plastic surgery
1. Perioperative Care 2. Corticosteroids
Interventions:
Continuous versus interrupted skin sutures for non‐obstetric surgery
1. Continuous Suture Technique
Interventions:
Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins
1. Water 2. Skin Cleansing Procedure 3. Saline 4. Cleansing agents 5. Iodine
Interventions:
Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
1. Antimalarial Prophylaxis
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy
We included RCTs of skin care interventions that could potentially enhance skin barrier function, reduce dryness, or reduce subclinical inflammation in healthy term (> 37 weeks) infants (≤ 12 months) without pre‐existing eczema, food allergy, or other skin condition. Eligible comparisons were standard care in the locality or no treatment. Types of skin care interventions could include moisturisers/emollients; bathing products; advice regarding reducing soap exposure and bathing frequency; and use of water softeners. No minimum follow‐up was required.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis
Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials, in which antifungal treatments were compared to either placebo or no treatment, or where different doses of the same treatment were used in the treatment of ABPA in people with cystic fibrosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anti‐IgE therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis
Randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing anti‐IgE therapy to placebo or other therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Whole‐cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) that reported the occurrence of atopic diseases, and RCTs only to assess safety outcomes. To be included studies had to have at least six months follow‐up, and involve children under 18 years old, who received a first dose of either wP (experimental intervention) or aP (comparator) before six months of age.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
We included all randomized and quasi‐randomized trials comparing the effects of feeding high versus low MCT formula (for a minimum of five days) on the short‐term growth of preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation) infants. We defined high MCT formula as 30% or more by weight, and low MCT formula as less than 30% by weight. The infants must be on full enteral diets, and the allocated formula must be the predominant source of nutrition.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma
We included parallel randomised controlled trials, irrespective of blinding or duration, that evaluated sublingual immunotherapy versus placebo or as an add‐on to standard asthma management. We included both adults and children with asthma of any severity and with any allergen‐sensitisation pattern. We included studies that recruited participants with asthma, rhinitis, or both, providing at least 80% of trial participants had a diagnosis of asthma. We selected outcomes to reflect recommended outcomes for asthma clinical trials and those most important to people with asthma. Primary outcomes were asthma exacerbations requiring a visit to the emergency department (ED) or admission to hospital, validated measures of quality of life, and all‐cause serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes were asthma symptom scores, exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids, response to provocation tests, and dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dilute versus full‐strength formula in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised trials comparing strengths of formula milk in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants. We excluded studies if infants received formula as a supplement to breast milk.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Probiotics for treating eczema
Randomised controlled trials of probiotics (live orally ingested micro‐organisms) compared with no treatment, placebo, or other active intervention with no probiotics for the treatment of eczema diagnosed by a doctor.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease
We searched for randomised and quasi‐randomised trials that compared use of a hydrolysed formula versus human milk or CMF. Outcomes with ≥ 80% follow‐up of participants from eligible trials were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral immunotherapy or sublingual immunotherapy administered by any protocol with placebo or an elimination diet. Participants were children or adults with clinical egg allergy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared the use of a PUFA with no PUFA in infants for the prevention of allergy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of specific allergen immunotherapy that used standardised allergen extracts in people with AE.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion
Randomised clinical trials including patients of all ages requiring PRBC allogeneic transfusion. Any study was eligible for inclusion, regardless of the length of participant follow‐up or country where the study was performed. The primary outcome was transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI). Secondary outcomes were death from any cause, infection from any cause, non‐infectious complications and any other adverse event.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OIT or SLIT with placebo or an elimination diet were included. Participants were children or adults diagnosed with food allergy who presented immediate fruit reactions.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Glycerin laxatives for prevention or treatment of feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants
We considered only randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials that enrolled preterm infants < 32 weeks' gestational age (GA) and/or < 1500 g birth weight. We included trials if they administered glycerin laxatives and measured at least one prespecified clinical outcome.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of n‐3 LCPUFA supplementation of pregnant and/or lactating women (compared with placebo or no treatment) on allergy outcomes of the infants or children. Trials using a cross‐over design and trials examining biochemical outcomes only were not eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria
We included randomised controlled trials of H1‐antihistamines for CSU. Interventions included single therapy or a combination of H1‐antihistamines compared with no treatment (placebo) or another active pharmacological compound at any dose.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children
Randomised controlled trials examining anti‐IgE administered in any manner for any duration. Trials with co‐interventions were included, as long as they were the same in each arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared the use of a prebiotic to no prebiotic, or a specific prebiotic compared to a different prebiotic in infants for prevention of allergy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
Types of studies: randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials. Participants: preterm infants < 37 weeks PMA. Intervention: addition of lactase to milk versus placebo or no intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral H1 antihistamines as monotherapy for eczema
We sought to include randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects and safety of oral H1 antihistamines as monotherapy in children and adults with eczema. We excluded studies that compared an antihistamine versus another antihistamine and had no placebo control arm. We also excluded topical antihistamines and oral H1 antihistamines as 'add‐on' therapy and studies using any concomitant therapy other than emollients or moisturisers, principally because some of these forms of concomitant therapy may be considered treatment modifiers in assessments of the effects of antihistamines on eczema.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of calcium channel blockers combined with standard chelation therapy versus standard chelation therapy alone or combined with placebo in people with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topical repellents for malaria prevention
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster‐randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) of topical repellents proven to repel mosquitoes. We also included non‐randomized studies that complied with pre‐specified inclusion criteria: controlled before‐after studies (CBA), controlled interrupted time series (ITS), and controlled cross‐over trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for chronic kidney disease in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interventions to prevent or reduce kidney complications or CKD in people with SCD. We applied no restrictions related to outcomes examined, language, or publication status.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rapamycin and rapalogs for tuberous sclerosis complex
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of rapamycin or rapalogs in people with TSC.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Polyclonal anti‐thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation in adults
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of ATG on GVHD prophylaxis in adults suffering from haematological diseases and undergoing allogeneic SCT. The selection criteria were modified from the previous version of this review. Paediatric studies and studies where patients aged < 18 years constituted more than 20 % of the total number were excluded. Treatment arms had to differ only in the addition of ATG to the standard GVHD prophylaxis regimen.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in people with beta‐thalassaemia with: a BMD Z score below −2 standard deviations (SDs) for children aged under 15 years, adult males (aged 15 to 50 years) and premenopausal females aged over 15 years; or a BMD T score below −2.5 SDs for postmenopausal females and males aged over 50 years.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment of dental and orthodontic complications in thalassaemia
We searched for published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated treatment of dental and orthodontic complications in individuals diagnosed with thalassaemia, irrespective of phenotype, severity, age, sex and ethnic origin.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs comparing single HbF inducer with placebo or usual care, with another single HbF inducer or with a combination of HbF inducers; or comparing different doses of the same HbF inducer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials comparing laser photocoagulation to no treatment in children and adults with SCD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Inhaled bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials. Trials using quasi‐randomisation methods will be included in future updates of this review if there is sufficient evidence that the treatment and control groups are similar at baseline.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
We sought to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ECP with or without standard treatment versus standard treatment alone in children and adolescents with aGvHD after HSCT.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials (RCTs and quasi‐RCTs), of one month or longer, comparing hydroxyurea with placebo or standard therapy in people  with SCD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials comparing inhaled nitric oxide with placebo for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
For the efficacy analysis, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. For the safety analysis, we included RCTs that used pyronaridine alone or in combination with any other antimalarials. In addition to these analyses, we conducted a separate systematic review summarizing data on safety from non‐randomized studies (NRS) of any patient receiving pyronaridine (NRS safety review).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
We included randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous, oral or no iron, with or without ESAs for the prevention or alleviation of anaemia resulting from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, combination therapy or the underlying malignancy in cancer patients.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
We aimed to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ECP with or without alternative treatment versus alternative treatment alone in children and adolescents with cGvHD after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide‐treated nets
We included cluster‐randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), interrupted time series (ITS), or controlled before‐after studies (CBAs) comparing IRS plus ITNs with ITNs alone. We included studies with at least 50% ITN ownership (defined as the proportion of households owning one or more ITN) in both study arms.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for proteinuria and microalbuminuria in people with sickle cell disease
Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials of ACE inhibitors designed to reduce microalbuminuria and proteinuria in people with sickle cell disease compared to either placebo or standard treatment regimen.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Maternal and foetal outcomes following natural vaginal versus caesarean section (c‐section) delivery in women with bleeding disorders and carriers
Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials investigating the optimal mode of delivery in women with, or carriers of, any type of bleeding disorder during pregnancy were eligible for the review.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Preconception risk assessment for thalassaemia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and Tay‐Sachs disease
Any randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs (published or unpublished) comparing reproductive outcomes of systematic preconception genetic risk assessment for thalassaemia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and Tay‐Sachs disease when compared to usual care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children
All randomized controlled studies or quasi‐randomized controlled studies comparing growth hormone (alone or combined with conventional treatment) with either placebo or conventional treatment alone in children with X‐linked hypophosphatemia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mass drug administration for malaria
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized studies comparing MDA to no MDA with balanced co‐interventions across study arms and at least two geographically distinct sites per study arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase for mucopolysaccharidosis type VI
Randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled clinical studies of ERT with galsulfase compared to other interventions or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy for people with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
We included prospectively planned trials evaluating CAR T‐cell therapy for people with r/r DLBCL. We had planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and we flexibly adapted eligibility criteria to the most reliable study designs available. We excluded studies involving fewer than 10 participants with r/r DLBCL and studies with a proportion of participants with r/r DLBCL below 70%, unless data were reported separately for this subgroup.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rituximab for eradicating inhibitors in people with acquired haemophilia A
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of rituximab for people with acquired haemophilia A, with no restrictions on gender, age or ethnicity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding‐related complications in previously treated individuals with haemophilia A or B
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs evaluating people with hemophilia A or hemophilia B, who were previously treated with clotting factor concentrates to manage their hemophilia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared IPT to placebo or no intervention in infants (defined as young children aged between 1 to 12 months) in malaria‐endemic areas.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for people with β‐thalassaemia
Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with each other or with standard therapy (regular transfusion and chelation regimen).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Disease‐modifying treatments for primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments against no treatment, placebo, or another immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment, for people of all age with idiopathic AIHA.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease
All randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing prophylactic antibiotics to prevent pneumococcal infection in children with SCD with placebo, no treatment or a comparator drug.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Atovaquone‐proguanil for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy and safety data for atovaquone‐proguanil or atovaquone‐proguanil with a partner drug compared with at least one other antimalarial drug for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials of interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease compared to placebo or an alternative treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria
All randomised or quasi‐randomised trials investigating the use of tyrosine supplementation versus placebo in people with phenylketonuria in addition to, or instead of, a phenylalanine‐restricted diet. People treated for maternal phenylketonuria were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Paediatric formulations of artemisinin‐based combination therapies for treating uncomplicated malaria in children
We included randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of paediatric versus non‐paediatric formulated ACT in children aged 14 years or younger with acute uncomplicated malaria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Gene therapy for sickle cell disease
All randomised or quasi‐randomised clinical trials (including any relevant phase 1, 2 or 3 trials) of gene therapy for all individuals with sickle cell disease, regardless of age or setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Phytomedicines (medicines derived from plants) for sickle cell disease
Randomised or quasi‐randomised trials with participants of all ages with sickle cell disease, in all settings, comparing the administration of phytomedicines, by any mode to placebo or conventional treatment, including blood transfusion and hydroxyurea.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rituximab for treating inhibitors in people with inherited severe hemophilia
Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of rituximab for treating inhibitors in people with hemophilia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials comparing red blood cell transfusions as prophylaxis for stroke in people with sickle cell disease to alternative or standard treatment. There were no restrictions by outcomes examined, language or publication status.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria
All randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing a low‐phenylalanine diet to relaxation or termination of dietary restrictions in people with phenylketonuria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for mycosis fungoides
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of local or systemic interventions for MF in adults with any stage of the disease compared with either another local or systemic intervention or with placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for people with sickle cell disease
Randomized controlled and quasi‐randomized trials that compared any method of stem cell transplantation with either each other or with any of the preventive or supportive interventions (e.g. periodic blood transfusion, use of hydroxyurea, antibiotics, pain relievers, supplemental oxygen) in people with sickle cell disease irrespective of the type of sickle cell disease, gender and setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
All randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing preoperative blood transfusion regimens to different regimens or no transfusion in people with SCD undergoing elective or emergency surgery. There was no restriction by outcomes examined, language or publication status.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis in people with sickle cell disease
We searched for published or unpublished randomised controlled trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Growth hormone therapy for people with thalassaemia
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing the use of growth hormone therapy to placebo or standard care in people with thalassaemia of any type or severity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing oral administration of any form of vitamin D supplementation at any dose and for any duration to another type or dose of vitamin D or placebo or no supplementation in people with SCD, of all ages, gender, and phenotypes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Gene therapy for haemophilia
Eligible trials include randomised or quasi‐randomised clinical trials, including controlled clinical trials comparing gene therapy (with or without standard treatment) with standard treatment (factor replacement) or other 'curative' treatment such as stem cell transplantation for individuals with haemophilia A or B of all ages who do not have inhibitors to factor VIII or IX.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials comparing interventions to prevent silent cerebral infarcts in people with SCD. There were no restrictions by outcomes examined, language or publication status.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs, where TENS was evaluated for managing pain in people with SCD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Early erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in preterm or low birth weight infants
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of early initiation of EAS treatment versus placebo or no intervention in preterm or low birth weight infants.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Late erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents to prevent red blood cell transfusion in preterm or low birth weight infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of late initiation of EPO treatment (started at ≥ eight days of age) versus placebo or no intervention in preterm (< 37 weeks) or low birth weight (< 2500 grams) neonates.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Blood transfusions for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing either simple or exchange transfusion versus standard care (no transfusion) in people with sickle cell disease suffering from acute chest syndrome.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults
We included randomised controlled trials that compared any intravenous iron preparation to placebo in adults. We excluded other forms of comparison such as oral iron versus placebo, intramuscular iron versus placebo, or intravenous iron studies where other iron preparations were used as the comparator. We also excluded studies involving erythropoietin therapy or obstetric populations.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment of dental complications in sickle cell disease
We searched for published or unpublished randomised controlled studies of treatments for dental complications in people with sickle cell disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease
Randomized clinical trials comparing specific therapies for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prophylactic plasma transfusion for patients without inherited bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use undergoing non‐cardiac surgery or invasive procedures
We included RCTs comparing: prophylactic plasma transfusion to placebo, intravenous fluid, or no intervention; prophylactic plasma transfusion to alternative pro‐haemostatic agents; or different haemostatic thresholds for prophylactic plasma transfusion. We included participants of any age, and we excluded trials incorporating individuals with previous active bleeding, with inherited bleeding disorders, or taking anticoagulant medication before enrolment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Multiple drug combinations of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide for first‐line treatment in adults with transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma: a network meta‐analysis
We included RCTs comparing combination therapies of V, R, and T, plus melphalan and prednisone (MP) or dexamethasone (D) for first‐line treatment of adults with transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma. We excluded trials including adults with relapsed or refractory disease, trials comparing drug therapies to other types of therapy and trials including second‐generation novel agents.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso‐occlusive crises in adults
Randomized, controlled, double‐blind trials of pharmacological interventions, of any dose and by any route, compared to placebo or any active comparator, for the treatment (not prevention) of painful sickle cell VOC in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia
Randomized and controlled clinical studies including participants up to 18 years old, comparing a statin to placebo or to diet alone.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Regular long‐term red blood cell transfusions for managing chronic chest complications in sickle cell disease
We included randomised controlled trials of people of any age with one of four common sickle cell disease genotypes, i.e. Hb SS, Sβº, SC, or Sβ+ that compared regular red blood cell transfusion regimens (either simple or exchange transfusions) to hydroxycarbamide, any other drug treatment, or to standard care that were aimed at reducing the development or progression of chronic chest complications (chronic sickle lung and pulmonary hypertension).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell disease
We searched for published or unpublished randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia
We included randomised controlled and quasi‐randomised controlled studies of people of any age with thalassaemia major or intermedia, evaluating splenectomy in comparison to conservative treatment (transfusion therapy and iron chelation) or other forms of splenectomy compared to each other (laparoscopic, open, radio‐frequency).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease
We searched for published and unpublished randomized controlled studies of oral or intravenous magnesium compared to placebo or no magnesium.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials in people with haemophilia or VWD undergoing oral or dental procedures using antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA)) to prevent perioperative bleeding compared to no intervention or usual care with or without placebo.