anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
comparison group:
Phototherapy for treating pressure ulcers
1. Sham Intervention 2. Light Therapy 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Acupuncture for treating acute ankle sprains in adults
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Creatine for Parkinson's disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
1. Vitamin E 2. Vitamin C 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Horticultural therapy for schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Vitamin D supplementation for cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Acupuncture for epilepsy
1. Placebo 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men
1. Preventive 2. Calcium 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Cannabinoids for epilepsy
1. Cannabinoids 2. Antiepileptics
comparison group:
Chinese herbal medicines for benign thyroid nodules in adults
1. Levothyroxine 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Light therapy for improving cognition, activities of daily living, sleep, challenging behaviour, and psychiatric disturbances in dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychological and educational interventions for atopic eczema in children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms
1. Placebo 2. Food 3. Hormone Therapy
comparison group:
Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk
1. Diet Education
comparison group:
Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults
1. Chromium Picolinate 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections
1. Placebo
comparison group:
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control 4. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Chinese herbal medicine for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Dance therapy for schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require dental implants
1. Dental Endosseous Implant
comparison group:
Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Acupuncture and assisted reproductive technology
1. Sham Acupuncture 2. In Vitro Fertilization
comparison group:
Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke‐Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
1. Uterine Massage 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Alginate dressings for healing diabetic foot ulcers
1. Application Of Topical Agent To Skin 2. Application Of Dressing
comparison group:
Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Music interventions for preoperative anxiety
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Xiongshao for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Magnesium maintenance therapy for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving function after stroke
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia
1. Sham Acupuncture 2. Placebo 3. Acupuncture 4. Physical therapy exercises 5. Usual Care
comparison group:
The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS
1. Cannabis 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Garlic for peripheral arterial occlusive disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Topical treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV
1. Placebo 2. Usual diet 3. Dietary counseling
comparison group:
Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge
1. Breast Milk
comparison group:
Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Chinese medicinal herbs for acute bronchitis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age
1. Folic Acid 2. Placebo 3. Iron Preparations 4. Mineral Supplements 5. Vitamin IV Solution Additives
comparison group:
Omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Massage and touch for dementia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to enable communication for adult patients requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support
1. Communication Interventions 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Adult patient access to electronic health records
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations
1. Standard educational programme
comparison group:
Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for improving medication‐taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications
1. Community-Based 2. Monitoring Adherence To Medication Regime 3. Medication Regimen Compliance Education 4. Development Of Home Medication Compliance Regimen 5. Usual Care
comparison group:
Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers
1. Adult Intensive Care Unit
comparison group:
E‐learning for health professionals
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory tract infections in primary care
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of older adults
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control 3. Home
comparison group:
Interventions to facilitate shared decision making to address antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in primary care
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Training and supportive programs for palliative care volunteers in community settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Virtual reality for treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Education
comparison group:
Information and communication technology based prompting for treatment compliance for people with serious mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials
1. Placebo 2. Information provision 3. Written information provision 4. Audio-visual information provision
comparison group:
Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments
1. Reminding About Keeping Appointment
comparison group:
Face‐to‐face versus remote and web 2.0 interventions for promoting physical activity
1. Encouragement and support 2. Web-based intervention 3. Physical activity 4. Remote
comparison group:
Face‐to‐face interventions for promoting physical activity
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth
1. Follow-up Visit 2. Endodontic Procedure
comparison group:
Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia
1. Mouthwash 2. Antiseptics 3. Placebo 4. Oral Hygiene Measures
comparison group:
Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis
1. Antiseptic Mouthrinse 2. Supragingival Scaling 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare providers
1. Mouthrinsing 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults
1. Periodontal Scaling And Root Planing, Per Quadrant
comparison group:
Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for treating cavitated or dentine carious lesions
1. Drilling And Filling Of Cavity Of Tooth
comparison group:
Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development
1. Tooth Extraction
comparison group:
Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis
1. Antimicrobials 2. Periodontal Scaling And Root Planing, Entire Mouth 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies
1. Calcineurin inhibitor 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Corticosteroid series
comparison group:
Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities
1. Identifying Goals 2. Positive Reinforcement 3. Oral Hygiene Education 4. Usual Care 5. Caretaking Skills Training 6. Functional Skills Training
comparison group:
Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis
1. Analgesics 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults
1. Dental Hygienist 2. Checking Patient Regularly 3. Dental Scaling And Polishing 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults
1. Tooth Whitening Kit 2. Placebo 3. Professionally Applied Tooth Whitening 4. Over-The-Counter Tooth Whitening Kit
comparison group:
Atraumatic restorative treatment versus conventional restorative treatment for managing dental caries
1. Restorative dental procedure
comparison group:
Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations
1. Metal-Free Dental Prosthesis 2. Dental Prosthesis 3. Metal Ceramic Dental Prosthesis
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Paracetamol 3. Local Anesthetics 4. Opioids 5. Placebo
comparison group:
Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery
1. Orthopedic Fixation Plate, Non-bioabsorbable
comparison group:
Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth
1. Surgical Exposure Of Impacted Or Unerupted Tooth To Aid Eruption Closed
comparison group:
Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth
1. Dental Pit/Fissure Sealant
comparison group:
Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health
1. Placebo 2. Oral Hygiene
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands
1. Dental Cement
comparison group:
Endodontic procedures for retreatment of periapical lesions
1. Root Canal Retreatment 2. Tooth Root Resection
comparison group:
Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
1. Crown 2. Drilling And Filling Of Cavity Of Tooth 3. Dental Crown Resin 4. Non-Restorative Cavity Control
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth
1. Orthodontic Procedure
comparison group:
Magnification devices for endodontic therapy
1. Endodontic Procedure
comparison group:
Interventions for the management of external root resorption
1. Splinting Of Teeth 2. Tooth Extraction 3. Placebo 4. Endodontic Procedure
comparison group:
Micro‐invasive interventions for managing proximal dental decay in primary and permanent teeth
1. Polyurethane tape 2. Placebo 3. Oral Hygiene Education 4. Restorative dental procedure 5. Resin-based Sealant 6. Application Of Dental Fluoride Varnish 7. Glass Ionomer Sealant 8. Resin inflitration 9. Dental Floss
comparison group:
Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years
1. General Anesthesia
comparison group:
Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root‐filled teeth
1. Root Canal Filling Material
comparison group:
Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries
1. Milk
comparison group:
Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children
1. Pacifier Withdrawal
comparison group:
Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental treatment in children and adolescents
1. Local Anesthesia 2. Placebo 3. General Anesthesia
comparison group:
Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
1. Manual Toothbrush
comparison group:
Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health
1. Toothpaste 2. Fluoride
comparison group:
Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces
1. Acid etching
comparison group:
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder and/or with childhood experience of maltreatment
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Attention Placebo Control 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Medications for daytime sleepiness in individuals with idiopathic hypersomnia
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Immediate‐release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students
1. Usual Care 2. Attention Placebo Control 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Speech and language therapy for management of chronic cough
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
1. Placebo 2. Amfetamine
comparison group:
De‐escalation techniques for managing non‐psychosis induced aggression in adults
1. Use Of De-escalation Technique 2. Control, restraint, seclusion and segregation 3. Administration Of Tranquilizer
comparison group:
Antidepressants for insomnia in adults
1. Antidepressants 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
1. Psychotherapy 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age
1. Iron+folic Acid 2. Placebo 3. Multiple micronutrients 4. Iron 5. Nutrient supplementation
comparison group:
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Atypical antipsychotics for disruptive behaviour disorders in children and youths
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Task‐oriented interventions for children with developmental co‐ordination disorder
1. Sensorimotor Techniques 2. Diet Education 3. Physical Rehabilitation Therapy Procedure 4. Counseling 5. Usual Care 6. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Treadmill interventions in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy
1. Physical therapy exercises 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Family therapy for autism spectrum disorders
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control 3. Dietary Education For Disorder
comparison group:
Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well‐being of women who experience intimate partner abuse
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Intrathecal baclofen for treating spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
1. Intermittent Administration 2. Baclofen
comparison group:
Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy
1. Patient Positioner 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome
1. Placebo 2. Nutritional supplement 3. Anti-dementia Drugs
comparison group:
Clozapine for psychotic disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities
1. Antipsychotics 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐speech oral motor treatment for children with developmental speech sound disorders
1. Placebo 2. Speech And Language Therapy Regime
comparison group:
Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Centre‐based day care for children younger than five years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. General Day Care Of Child 2. Home
comparison group:
Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
1. Placebo 2. Tricyclic antidepressant
comparison group:
The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well‐being of students and their academic achievement
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Auditory‐verbal therapy for promoting spoken language development in children with permanent hearing impairments
1. Usual Care 2. Hearing Therapy
comparison group:
Kinship care for the safety, permanency, and well‐being of children removed from the home for maltreatment
1. Foster Care
comparison group:
Fundoplication versus postoperative medication for gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children with neurological impairment undergoing gastrostomy
1. Drugs For Acid Related Disorders
comparison group:
Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents who have been sexually abused
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Specialist home‐based nursing services for children with acute and chronic illnesses
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
1. Provision Of Early Intervention Service For Child 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects
1. Embryo biopsy
comparison group:
Impact of the diagnostic test Xpert MTB/RIF on patient outcomes for tuberculosis
1. Microbial Smear, Light Microscopy Examination
comparison group:
Adenoidectomy for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children
1. Tympanostomy Tube 2. Active Surveillance
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intratympanic corticosteroids for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intratympanic gentamicin for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Lifestyle and dietary interventions for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Surgical interventions for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Systemic pharmacological interventions for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière’s disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antihistamines for motion sickness
1. Scopolamine 2. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation 3. Placebo 4. Acupuncture 5. Metoclopramide 6. Ondansetron 7. Phenytoin
comparison group:
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
1. Corticosteroids 2. Placebo 3. Systemic
comparison group:
Medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Nasal 2. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological 3. Surgery 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Efficacy and safety of rapid tests to guide antibiotic prescriptions for sore throat
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus
1. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy 2. Education 3. Waiting list control 4. Hearing Aid
comparison group:
Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis)
1. Epistaxis Control 2. Control Of Epistaxis By Cautery 3. Placebo 4. Embolization Of Vein 5. Nasal Packing For Control Of Hemorrhage
comparison group:
Sound therapy (using amplification devices and/or sound generators) for tinnitus
1. Education 2. Sound Generator 3. Placebo 4. Waiting list control 5. Hearing Aid
comparison group:
Antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery
1. Packing Of Posterior Nasal Cavity 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults
1. Unilateral Hearing Aid
comparison group:
Influenza vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults
1. Referral To Assistive Listening Device Service 2. Listening Skills Promotion Therapy 3. Aid To Hearing 4. Communication Interventions 5. Waiting list control 6. Hearing Therapy 7. Self-care Patient Education
comparison group:
Heated, humidified air for the common cold
1. Non-heated Respiratory Humidifier
comparison group:
Coblation versus other surgical techniques for tonsillectomy
1. Tonsillectomy 2. Dissection Tonsillectomy And Adenoidectomy 3. Tonsillectomy And Adenoidectomy 4. Dissection Tonsillectomy
comparison group:
Needle aspiration versus incision and drainage for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess
1. Incision And Drainage Of Peritonsillar Abscess
comparison group:
Interventions for children with ear discharge occurring at least two weeks following grommet (ventilation tube) insertion
1. Corticosteroids 2. Corticosteroids - Otological 3. Ear Care 4. Ear drops 5. Placebo 6. Microsuction cleaning of ear canal 7. Saline 8. Irrigation of ear 9. Oral 10. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions to improve hearing aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation
1. Usual Care 2. Hearing Aid Care Management
comparison group:
Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
1. Mucolytic 2. Decongestants And Antiallergics 3. Corticosteroids - Otological 4. Placebo 5. Antihistamines For Systemic Use 6. Topical
comparison group:
Short‐course oral steroids as an adjunct therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Nasal 2. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological 3. Placebo 4. Oral
comparison group:
Different types of intranasal steroids for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Fluticasone Propionate 2. Mometasone furoate 3. Nasal 4. Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate 4 Mg/ml 5. Ciclesonide 6. Fluticasone Furoate
comparison group:
Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Corticosteroids - Otological 2. Nasal 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Intranasal steroids versus placebo or no intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Short‐course oral steroids alone for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Corticosteroids - Otological 2. Nasal 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Systemic and topical antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Corticosteroids - Nasal preparations 2. Corticosteroids - Otological 3. Nasal 4. Placebo 5. Usual Care
comparison group:
Water precautions for prevention of infection in children with ventilation tubes (grommets)
1. Water 2. Bathing Procedures 3. Recommendation To Avoid Activity 4. Fit Ear Mold For Swim Plug 5. Bathing Practice 6. Assistive Hat/cap 7. Swimming 8. Hat Band
comparison group:
Antihistamines for the common cold
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for the common cold
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the common cold
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat
1. Strategy Training
comparison group:
Antibiotics for preventing recurrent sore throat
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Topical nasal steroids for treating nasal polyposis in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Placebo 2. Saline 3. Douche
comparison group:
Pharmacological agents for the prevention of vestibular migraine
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Steroid‐eluting sinus stents for improving symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery
1. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 2. Drug-eluting Nasal Sinus Stent 3. Packing Of Posterior Nasal Cavity 4. Nasal Stent
comparison group:
Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction
1. Sham Intervention 2. Surgery 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care 5. Vestibular Rehabilitation
comparison group:
Stereotactic radiotherapy for vestibular schwannoma
1. Microsurgery 2. Expectant Management 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
1. Therapeutic Procedure 2. Brandt-Daroff Exercises 3. Placebo 4. Physical therapy exercises 5. Obliteration Of Posterior Semicircular Canal 6. Vestibular Neurectomy
comparison group:
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings
1. Oral
comparison group:
Surgical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
1. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery - Polypectomy Of Nasal Sinus 2. Extensive Excision Of Nasal Polyps 3. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery - Therapeutic Endoscopy Of Nose And Sinus
comparison group:
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Analgesics 3. Prophylaxis 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media
1. Amoxicillin 2. Clavulanic Acid
comparison group:
Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children
1. Epinephrine 2. Nebulizer Therapy 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral rinses, mouthwashes and sprays for improving recovery following tonsillectomy
1. Mouthwash 2. Placebo 3. Oral Spray
comparison group:
Steroids for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the common cold in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho‐pulmonary disease
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for the prevention of postoperative ear discharge after insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets) in children
1. Administration Of Prophylactic Medication 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Surgery for Ménière's disease
1. Surgery 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Clinical service organisation for adults with atrial fibrillation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Admission avoidance hospital at home
1. Hospital 2. Inpatient Care
comparison group:
Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well‐being in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Community Mental Health Team 2. Lower Middle Income Country 3. Mental Health Promotion 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for the uptake of evidence‐based recommendations in acute stroke settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Acute assessment services for patient flow assistance in hospital emergency departments
1. Emergency Care 2. Accident And Emergency Department
comparison group:
Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating depression after stroke
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Medication review in hospitalised patients to reduce morbidity and mortality
1. Medication review 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for community‐dwelling, high‐risk, frail, older people
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Discharge planning from hospital
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital wards
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Routine provision of feedback from patient‐reported outcome measurements to healthcare providers and patients in clinical practice
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Decision‐support tools via mobile devices to improve quality of care in primary healthcare settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Telerehabilitation services for stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacy‐based management for depression in adults
1. Drug Therapy 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes
1. Quality improvement 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Telephone counselling for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Impact of public release of performance data on the behaviour of healthcare consumers and providers
1. Performance data
comparison group:
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Hospitalisation in short‐stay units for adults with internal medicine diseases and conditions
1. Usual Care 2. Hospital
comparison group:
Nurses as substitutes for doctors in primary care
1. Physician
comparison group:
Improving adherence to Standard Precautions for the control of health care‐associated infections
1. Standard Precautions
comparison group:
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Providing physicians with feedback on medication adherence for people with chronic diseases taking long‐term medication
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Home or foster home care versus institutional long‐term care for functionally dependent older people
1. Residential Home 2. Long-term care
comparison group:
Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and secondary care
1. Prescription Of Therapeutic Regimen 2. Medical Practitioner
comparison group:
Tools developed and disseminated by guideline producers to promote the uptake of their guidelines
1. Guidelines implementation
comparison group:
Mobile clinics for women's and children's health
1. Clinic
comparison group:
Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Professional interventions for general practitioners on the management of musculoskeletal conditions
1. Musculoskeletal Care Management 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Transition of care for adolescents from paediatric services to adult health services
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to optimise prescribing for older people in care homes
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
1. Telephone Consultation 2. Consultation
comparison group:
Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for low‐risk pregnancy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care
1. Day Care Center 2. Care Of Aged 3. Hospital 4. Home
comparison group:
Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
In‐service training for health professionals to improve care of seriously ill newborns and children in low‐income countries
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Dental auxiliaries for dental care traditionally provided by dentists
1. Dental procedures 2. Dental Practitioner
comparison group:
Task shifting from doctors to non‐doctors for initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy
1. Antiretroviral Therapy 2. Medical Practitioner
comparison group:
Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice
1. Prescribing 2. Usual Care 3. Empirical Therapy
comparison group:
Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Dressings and topical agents containing hyaluronic acid for chronic wound healing
1. Placebo 2. Wound dressing 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis
1. Sham Intervention 2. Laser Photocoagulation To Retina 3. Antineovascularisation Agents
comparison group:
Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy
1. Placebo 2. Observation Regime
comparison group:
Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes
1. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique 2. Usual Care 3. Virtual Reality 4. Imagery Therapy
comparison group:
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
1. Sham Intervention 2. Antineovascularisation Agents
comparison group:
Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy
1. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Antihypertensive agents
comparison group:
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism
1. Diphosphonate 2. Parathyroidectomy by Bilateral Surgical Neck Exploration 3. Usual Care 4. Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
comparison group:
Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia
1. Usual Care 2. Behavioral Therapy
comparison group:
Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy
1. Placebo 2. Intravenous Infusion 3. Glucocorticoid Therapy
comparison group:
Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre
1. Radioiodine Thyroid Imaging
comparison group:
Through‐knee versus above‐knee amputation for vascular and non‐vascular major lower limb amputations
1. Amputation Above-knee
comparison group:
Continuous glucose monitoring systems for monitoring cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Nutritional supplementation for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis
1. Placebo 2. Nutritional supplement
comparison group:
Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis
1. Physical activity 2. Lifestyle Education Regarding Diet 3. Diet Education
comparison group:
Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for treating foot ulcers, and preventing their recurrence, in people with diabetes
1. Education About Diabetic Ulcer Care 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antiandrogen or estradiol treatment or both during hormone therapy in transitioning transgender women
1. Placebo 2. Antiandrogens 3. Estradiol
comparison group:
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Isophane insulin
comparison group:
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and preoperative imaging versus bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism in adults
1. Preoperative imaging 2. Diagnostic imaging 3. Preoperative 4. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring
comparison group:
Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
1. Usual Care 2. Nutrient supplementation
comparison group:
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Nutrition Therapy 2. Blood Glucose Lowering Drugs, Excl. Insulins 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus
1. Exercise 2. Diet Education 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age
1. Micronutrients 2. Placebo 3. Multiple micronutrients
comparison group:
Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Exercise 2. Diet Education 3. Placebo 4. Glycaemic-lowering agent
comparison group:
Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Insulin Regime 2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 3. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 4. Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors 5. Placebo 6. Sulfonylureas 7. Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors 8. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (dpp-4) Inhibitors 9. Meglitinide 10. Thiazolidinediones
comparison group:
Oxandrolone for growth hormone‐treated girls aged up to 18 years with Turner syndrome
1. Somatropin
comparison group:
Thyroxine replacement for subfertile women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disease or subclinical hypothyroidism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes
1. Blood Glucose Monitoring
comparison group:
Metformin and second‐ or third‐generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Combinations Of Oral Blood Glucose Lowering Drugs 2. Placebo 3. Metformin
comparison group:
Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours in adults
1. Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Adrenalectomy
comparison group:
Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Sliding scale insulin for non‐critically ill hospitalised adults with diabetes mellitus
1. Correction Dose Insulin 2. Basal-bolus Insulin 3. Basal Insulin
comparison group:
Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease
1. Glucocorticoids - Systemic 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Negative pressure wound therapy for treating foot wounds in people with diabetes mellitus
1. Usual Care 2. Negative Pressure Wound Dressing
comparison group:
Monotherapy laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema
1. Photocoagulation Of Eye 2. Krypton Laser Photocoagulation 3. Argon Laser Photocoagulation 4. Laser Photocoagulation To Retina 5. Ophthalmic Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser System 6. Focal Laser Photocoagulation Of Retina 7. Diode Laser 8. Grid Retinal Photocoagulation
comparison group:
Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor combined with intravitreal steroids for diabetic macular oedema
1. Dexamethasone Drug Implant 2. Ranibizumab 3. Intravitreal Steroid Injection 4. Monoclonal Antibodies 5. Antineovascularisation Agents 6. Bevacizumab 7. Triamcinolone acetonide 8. Grid Retinal Photocoagulation
comparison group:
Different lasers and techniques for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
1. Photocoagulation Of Eye 2. Ophthalmic Argon Laser System
comparison group:
Planned birth at or near term for improving health outcomes for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes and their infants
1. Expectant Management
comparison group:
Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
1. Combinations Of Oral Blood Glucose Lowering Drugs 2. Dietary Regime 3. Physical therapy exercises
comparison group:
Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational diabetes planning pregnancy, or pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes
1. Oral 2. Insulins and analogues
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for diabetes‐related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. Educational Material 2. Usual Care 3. Telemedicine
comparison group:
Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health
1. Preconception Care
comparison group:
Phototherapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
1. Electromagnetic Energy Therapy 2. Ultrasound therapy 3. Sham Phototherapy 4. Electrical stimulation 5. Usual Care 6. Phototherapy Of Skin
comparison group:
Topical antimicrobial agents for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 3. Medical Dressing 4. Placebo 5. Topical 6. Usual Care 7. Antibiotics For Topical Use
comparison group:
Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Glycaemic-lowering agent