anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
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Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia
We considered all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on people with schizophrenia comparing fluphenazine decanoate or enanthate with placebo or oral anti‐psychotics or other depot preparations.
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Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
All true RCTs of pharmacotherapy for treating anxiety disorders with comorbid alcohol use disorders. Trials assessing drugs administered for the treatment of drinking behaviour, such as naltrexone, disulfiram and acamprosate were not eligible for inclusion in this systematic review.
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Haloperidol versus first‐generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared oral haloperidol with another oral first‐generation antipsychotic drug (with the exception of the low‐potency antipsychotics chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, levopromazine, mesoridazine, perazine, prochlorpromazine, and thioridazine) in schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like psychosis. Clinically important response to treatment was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were global state, mental state, behaviour, overall acceptability (measured by the number of participants leaving the study early due to any reason), overall efficacy (attrition due to inefficacy of treatment), overall tolerability (attrition due to adverse events), and specific adverse effects.
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Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
We included RCTs of women with depression with onset up to six months postpartum that compared antidepressant treatment (alone or in combination with another treatment) with any other treatment, placebo or treatment as usual.
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Flupenthixol versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia
Randomised controlled trials that compared flupenthixol with first‐generation low‐potency antipsychotic drugs for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychosis.
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Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing fluphenazine with first‐generation low‐potency antipsychotic drugs for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychosis.
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Alternating current cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for depression
Randomized controlled trials of CES versus sham CES for the acute treatment of depressive disorder in adults aged 18 to 75 years.
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Pharmacological interventions for preventing post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
We restricted studies to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions compared with placebo for the prevention of PTSD in adults.
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Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders
All randomised controlled trials that focused on people with schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders where flupenthixol decanoate had been compared with placebo or other antipsychotic drugs were included. All clinically relevant outcomes were sought.
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Pericyazine for schizophrenia
All relevant randomised controlled trials focusing on pericyazine for schizophrenia and other types of schizophrenia‐like psychoses (schizophreniform and schizoaffective disorders). We excluded quasi‐randomised trials.
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Carbamazepine for schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing carbamazepine or compounds of the carbamazepine family with placebo or no intervention, whether as sole treatment or as an adjunct to antipsychotic medication for the treatment of schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective psychoses.
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Different regimens of intravenous sedatives or hypnotics for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adult patients with depression
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cross‐over trials evaluating the effects of different intravenous sedatives and hypnotics for ECT. We excluded studies and trials using placebo or inhalational anaesthetics and studies that used no anaesthetic.
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Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sulpiride with placebo for people with schizophrenia and other types of schizophrenia‐like psychoses. The primary outcome of interest was clinically significant response in global state.
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General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness
All randomised clinical trials focusing on general physical health advice for people with serious mental illness..
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Metal protein attenuating compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia
Randomised double‐blind trials in which treatment with an MPAC was administered to participants with Alzheimer's dementia in a parallel group comparison with placebo were included.
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Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness
All randomised clinical trials focusing on physical health monitoring versus standard care, or comparing i) self monitoring versus monitoring by a healthcare professional; ii) simple versus complex monitoring; iii) specific versus non‐specific checks; iv) once only versus regular checks; or v) different guidance materials.
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Respite care for people with dementia and their carers
Randomised controlled trials comparing respite care with a control intervention for people with dementia.
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Perazine for schizophrenia
We selected all randomised controlled trials that compared perazine with other treatments for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychoses, or both.
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Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing chlorpromazine with placebo for people with schizophrenia and non‐affective serious/chronic mental illness irrespective of mode of diagnosis. Primary outcomes of interest were death, violent behaviours, overall improvement, relapse and satisfaction with care.
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Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychoses.
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Anticholinergic medication for non‐clozapine neuroleptic‐induced hypersalivation in people with schizophrenia
All randomised controlled trials comparing an anticholinergic drug with placebo, no treatment, another anticholinergic drug or any other intervention.
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Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression
Randomised controlled trials allocating adult participants with major depression to agomelatine versus any other antidepressive agent.
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Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral quetiapine with other oral forms of atypical antipsychotic medication in people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychoses.
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Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia
We included all relevant randomised controlled trials comparing the use of haloperidol (any oral dose) with placebo for those with schizophrenia or other similar serious, non‐affective psychotic illnesses (however diagnosed). Our main outcomes of interest were death, loss to follow‐up, clinical and social response, relapse and severity of adverse effects.
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Pimozide for schizophrenia or related psychoses
We sought all relevant randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing pimozide with other treatments.
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Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression
Randomised controlled trials, involving women who were pregnant or who had given birth in the previous six weeks, who were not depressed or taking antidepressants at the commencement of the trials. The trials could use as intervention any dietary supplementation alone or in combination with another treatment compared with any other preventive treatment, or placebo, or standard clinical care.
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Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
Randomised controlled trials allocating participants with bipolar disorder to long‐term treatment with valproate or any other mood stabiliser, or antipsychotic drugs, or placebo. Maintenance treatment was defined as treatment instituted specifically or mainly to prevent further episodes of illness.
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Atypical antipsychotics for psychosis in adolescents
We included all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared atypical antipsychotic medication with placebo or another pharmacological intervention or with psychosocial interventions, standard psychiatric treatment or no intervention in children and young people aged 13 to 18 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, acute and transient psychoses or unspecified psychosis. We included studies published in English and in other languages that were available in standardised databases.
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Exercise for depression
Randomised controlled trials in which exercise (defined according to American College of Sports Medicine criteria) was compared to standard treatment, no treatment or a placebo treatment, pharmacological treatment, psychological treatment or other active treatment in adults (aged 18 and over) with depression, as defined by trial authors. We included cluster trials and those that randomised individuals. We excluded trials of postnatal depression.
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Driving assessment for maintaining mobility and safety in drivers with dementia
We sought randomised controlled trials prospectively evaluating drivers with dementia for outcomes such as transport mobility, driving cessation or motor vehicle accidents following driving assessment.
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Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published in English, comparing cognitive rehabilitation or cognitive training interventions with control conditions, and reporting relevant outcomes for the person with dementia and/or the family caregiver, were considered for inclusion.
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Flow‐regulated versus differential pressure‐regulated shunt valves for adult patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
We planned to include randomised clinical trials comparing flow‐regulated versus differential pressure‐regulated shunt valves.
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Rivastigmine for vascular cognitive impairment
All unconfounded randomized double‐blind trials comparing rivastigmine with placebo in the treatment of people with VCI, vascular dementia or mixed dementia were eligible for inclusion.
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Quetiapine versus typical antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia
We included all randomised control trials comparing oral quetiapine with typical antipsychotic drugs in people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like psychosis.
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Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice
We included RCTs, cluster‐RCTs and quasi‐RCTs comparing intermittent phototherapy with continuous phototherapy in jaundiced infants (both term and preterm) up to the age of 30 days. We compared intermittent phototherapy with continuous phototherapy by any method and at any dose and duration as defined by the authors.
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Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials comparing VTV versus PLV in infants of less than 44 weeks' postmenstrual age and reporting clinically relevant outcomes.
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Early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared effects of early planned removal of UVCs (up to two weeks after insertion) versus an expectant approach or a longer fixed duration in preventing bloodstream infection and other complications in newborn infants.
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Cerebral near‐infrared spectroscopy monitoring for prevention of brain injury in very preterm infants
Randomised clinical trials and quasi‐randomised clinical studies comparing continuous cerebral NIRS monitoring for at least 24 hours versus blinded NIRS or versus no NIRS monitoring.
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Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of sildenafil compared with placebo or other pulmonary vasodilators, irrespective of dose, route, and duration of administration, in neonates with pulmonary hypertension, if investigators reported any of the prespecified outcomes.
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Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
We included randomised controlled trials that compared fluid supplementation against no fluid supplementation, or one form of fluid supplementation against another.
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Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing saline irrigation with or without hyaluronidase infiltration versus no intervention or normal wound care for the management of extravasation injury in neonates.
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Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared antibiotics administered via any route versus placebo or no treatment for prevention of infection among neonates exposed to MSAF, or who developed MAS. We excluded cohort, case control, and any other non‐randomised studies and applied no language restrictions. We included studies of term and preterm infants, and we included studies examining use of any antibacterial antibiotics. We included studies that reported on any outcomes of interest.
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Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet
All randomised, quasi–randomised, and cluster‐randomised controlled trials comparing use versus non‐use of a stylet in neonatal orotracheal intubation.
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Clonidine for sedation and analgesia for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
We searched for randomized controlled trials, quasi‐randomized controlled trials, and cluster trials comparing clonidine versus placebo, no treatment, or dexmedetomidine administered to term and preterm newborns receiving mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube.
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Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants
Randomised controlled trials that enrolled babies born at less than 28 weeks' gestation, at birth or soon thereafter, and targeted SpO₂ ranges of either 90% or below or above 90% via pulse oximetry, with the intention of maintaining such targets for at least the first two weeks of life.
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Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage
RCTs and quasi‐RCTs that compared serial removal of CSF (via lumbar puncture, ventricular puncture, or from a ventricular reservoir) with conservative management (removing CSF only when there were symptoms of raised ICP). Trials also had to report on at least one of the specified outcomes of death, disability, or shunt insertion.
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Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants
Randomised, quasi‐randomised controlled trials or cluster‐randomised trials that compared frenotomy versus no frenotomy or frenotomy versus sham procedure in newborn infants.
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Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials. Also trials with a factorial design.
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Skin‐to‐skin care for procedural pain in neonates
Studies with randomisation or quasi‐randomisation, double‐ or single‐blinded, involving term infants (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) to a maximum of 44 weeks' PMA and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks PMA) receiving SSC for painful procedures conducted by healthcare professionals.
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Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants
Randomised, quasi‐randomised controlled trials, and cluster and cross‐over randomised trials that compared the topical anaesthetics amethocaine and eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) in terms of anaesthetic efficacy and safety in newborn term or preterm infants requiring an invasive procedure involving puncture of skin and other tissues with a needle
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Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
We selected for review randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation in infants aged 28 days or younger.
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Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
We included randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials involving preterm infants. Initiation of cromolyn sodium administration was during the first two weeks of life. The intervention had to include administration of cromolyn sodium by nebuliser or metered dose inhaler with or without spacer device versus placebo or no intervention. Eligible studies had to include at least one of the following outcomes: overall mortality, CLD at 28 days, CLD at 36 weeks' PMA, or the combined outcome mortality and CLD at 28 days.
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Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials with parallel, factorial or cross‐over design comparing the impact of different body positions on apnoea in spontaneously breathing preterm infants were eligible for our review.
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Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
Randomised studies of iNO in term and near‐term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure, with clinically relevant outcomes, including death, use of ECMO and oxygenation.
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Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm neonates
We included in this review randomised controlled trials of inhaled corticosteroid therapy initiated within the first two weeks of life in VLBW preterm infants.
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Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants
Eligible for inclusion were randomised and quasi‐randomised studies in preterm infants with respiratory disease that compared effects of iNO gas versus control, with or without placebo.
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Heparin for the treatment of thrombosis in neonates
Randomized, quasi‐randomized, and cluster‐randomized controlled trials comparing heparin versus placebo or no treatment in preterm and term neonates with a diagnosis of thrombosis.
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Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Randomised and quasi‐randomised clinical trials comparing different positions in newborns receiving mechanical ventilation.
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Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised clinical trials comparing synchronised ventilation delivered as HFPPV to CMV, or ACV/SIMV to CMV or HFO in neonates. Randomised trials comparing different triggered ventilation modes (ACV, SIMV, SIMV plus PS, PRVCV and PSV) in neonates.
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Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs that compared a policy of feeding preterm infants on a responsive basis versus feeding at scheduled intervals.
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Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing cup feeding to other forms of enteral feeding for the supplementation of term and preterm infants.
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Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials in infants under six months of age comparing exclusive breastfeeding versus breastfeeding with any additional food or fluids.
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Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials comparing a formal instrument to assess a preterm infant's readiness to commence suck feeds with either no instrument (usual practice) or another feeding readiness instrument.
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Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures
RCTs in which term or preterm neonates (postnatal age maximum of 28 days after reaching 40 weeks' postmenstrual age), or both, received sucrose for procedural pain. Control interventions included no treatment, water, glucose, breast milk, breastfeeding, local anaesthetic, pacifier, positioning/containing or acupuncture.
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Epinephrine for transient tachypnea of the newborn
Randomized controlled trials, quasi‐randomized controlled trials and cluster trials comparing epinephrine versus placebo or no treatment or any other drugs administered to infants born at 34 weeks' gestational age or more and less than three days of age with transient tachypnea of the newborn.
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Heparin for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Randomised controlled trials, quasi‐randomised controlled trials and cluster trials comparing the administration of early, i.e. within the first 24 hours of life, heparin in very preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks).
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Co‐bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins
We included randomized controlled trials with randomization by twin pair and/or by neonatal unit. We excluded cross‐over studies.
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Antimicrobial dressings for the prevention of catheter‐related infections in newborn infants with central venous catheters
We included randomised controlled trials that compared an antimicrobial CVC dressing against no dressing or another dressing in newborn infants.
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Antithrombin for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants
Randomised controlled trials, quasi‐randomised controlled trials and cluster trials comparing the administration of early, i.e. within the first 24 hours of life, antithrombin in very preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks, any birth weight).
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Frequency of endotracheal suctioning for the prevention of respiratory morbidity in ventilated newborns
Randomized, quasi‐randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials comparing different strategies regarding the frequency of ETT suctioning of newborn infants receiving ventilator support.
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Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring for the prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality
Randomized, quasi‐randomized and cluster randomized controlled trials comparing different strategies regarding tcCO2 monitoring in newborns. Three comparisons were considered, that is, continuous tcCO2 monitoring versus 1) any intermittent modalities to measure CO2; 2) other continuous CO2 monitoring; and 3) with or without intermittent CO2 monitoring.
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Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials in preterm infants (< 37 weeks), comparing newer alternative LE with S‐LE.
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Diuretics for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared the effect of diuretics administration versus placebo or no treatment in infants of less than seven days of age, born at 37 or more weeks of gestation with the clinical picture of transient tachypnoea of the newborn.
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Chest shielding for prevention of a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants receiving phototherapy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐RCTs, or quasi‐RCTs of chest shielding during phototherapy compared to sham shielding or no shielding for the prevention of a haemodynamically or clinically significant PDA in preterm infants.
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Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality
Study design: randomised, quasi‐randomised or cluster randomised controlled trials.Population: neonates requiring transport to a neonatal intensive care unit.Intervention: transport by a specialist team compared to a non‐specialist team.Outcomes: any of the following outcomes — death; adverse events during transport leading to respiratory compromise; and condition on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
We included in this systematic review randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation in preterm infants born at less than 35 weeks' gestation or with birth weight less than 2000 grams in respiratory distress.
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Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates
Randomised controlled trials that compared delivery of intravenous fluids (primarily parenteral nutrition) via percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae in hospitalised neonates.
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Antimicrobial‐impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of catheter‐related bloodstream infection in newborn infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing central venous catheters impregnated or coated with any antibiotic or antiseptic versus central venous catheters without antibiotic or antiseptic coating or impregnation in newborn infants.
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Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised trials including cluster‐randomised trials, comparing a SFNRT with no SFNRT, additions to SFNRT or types of SFNRT, and reporting at least one of our specified outcomes.
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Intravenous in‐line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs that compared the use of intravenous in‐line filters with placebo or nothing in neonates.
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Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia, or combined regional and general anaesthesia, in former preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy.
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Strategies for the discontinuation of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in preterm infants
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs in which either individual newborn infants or clusters of infants (such as separate neonatal units) were randomised to different HHFNC withdrawal strategies (from the first time they come off HHFNC and any subsequent weaning, or withdrawal attempt, or both).
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Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Randomised controlled trials comparing HFOV and CV in preterm or low birth weight infants with pulmonary dysfunction, mainly due to RDS, who required assisted ventilation. Randomisation and commencement of treatment needed to be as soon as possible after the start of CV and usually in the first 12 hours of life.
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Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants
All randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of infants who were intubated for mechanical ventilation in a neonatal intensive care nursery where methods of stabilising the endotracheal tube were being compared.
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Home‐ versus hospital‐based phototherapy for the treatment of non‐haemolytic jaundice in infants at more than 37 weeks' gestation
Randomised and quasi‐randomised studies comparing term infants who received phototherapy exclusively at home versus phototherapy exclusively in the hospital or a combination of the two for non‐haemolytic jaundice.
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Physical activity programs for promoting bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants
Randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing physical activity programs (extension and flexion, range‐of‐motion exercises) versus no organized physical activity programs in preterm infants.
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Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials that reduced light exposure to premature infants within the first seven days following birth were considered for this review. We also considered cluster‐randomised controlled trials.
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Lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effects of lung lavage in infants with MAS, including those intubated for the purpose of lavage. Lung lavage was defined as any intervention in which fluid is instilled into the lung that is followed by an attempt to remove it by suctioning and/or postural drainage.
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Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised trials in preterm or low birth weight neonates with symptomatic PDA and comparing surgical ligation with medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, each used as the initial treatment for closure of PDA.
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Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of early trophic feeding (milk volumes up to 24 ml/kg/day introduced before 96 hours postnatal age and continued until at least one week after birth) versus a comparable period of enteral fasting in very preterm or very low birth weight infants.
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Vasopressin and its analogues for the treatment of refractory hypotension in neonates
Randomized or quasi‐randomized trials evaluating vasopressin or its analogues, at any dosage or duration used as an adjunct to standard therapy (any combination of volume expansion, inotropic agents and corticosteroids) to treat refractory hypotension in neonates.
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Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared nasal versus oral placement of enteral feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants.
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Hydralazine in infants with persistent hypoxemic respiratory failure
We considered only randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised trials for inclusion. We included low birth weight (LBW) infants with persistent hypoxemic respiratory failure who were treated with any type of hydralazine therapy.
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Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that studied one or more of the available immunomodulators and immunosuppressants as monotherapy in comparison to placebo or to another active agent, in adults with RRMS.
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Local corticosteroid injection versus placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐randomised trials of adults with CTS that included at least one comparison group of local injection of corticosteroid (LCI) into the wrist and one group that received a placebo or no treatment.
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Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs, including cross‐over trials, on any intervention for sialorrhea and related symptoms, compared with each other, placebo or no intervention, in people with ALS/MND.
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Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults
We included randomised, double‐blind studies of at least two weeks' duration comparing TC versus placebo or other active treatment in adults with chronic neuropathic pain.
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Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults diagnosed with RRMS or PPMS according to the McDonald criteria, comparing ocrelizumab alone or associated with other medications, at the approved dose of 600 mg every 24 weeks for any duration, versus placebo or any other active drug therapy.
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Immunoglobulin for multifocal motor neuropathy
We considered RCTs and quasi‐RCTs examining the effects of any dose of IVIg and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) in people with definite or probable MMN for inclusion in the review. Eligible studies had to have measured at least one of the following outcomes: disability, muscle strength, or electrophysiological conduction block. We used studies that reported the frequency of adverse effects to assess safety.
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Siponimod for multiple sclerosis
We included randomised parallel controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated siponimod, as monotherapy or combination therapy, versus placebo or any active comparator in people with MS. There were no restrictions on dose or administration frequency.
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Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) comparing rituximab with placebo or another DMT for adults with MS.
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Memory rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis
We selected RCTs or quasi‐RCTs of memory rehabilitation or cognitive rehabilitation for people with MS in which a memory rehabilitation treatment group was compared with a control group. Selection was conducted independently first and then confirmed through group discussion. We excluded studies that included participants whose memory deficits were the result of conditions other than MS, unless we could identify a subgroup of participants with MS with separate results.
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Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with neuromuscular disease
We considered randomised or quasi‐randomised trials, including cross‐over trials, of interventions designed to promote physical activity in people with NMD compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. We specifically included studies that reported physical activity as an outcome measure. Our main focus was studies in which promoting physical activity was a stated aim but we also included studies in which physical activity was assessed as a secondary or exploratory outcome.
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GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with PD that compared GLP‐1 receptor agonists with conventional PD treatment, placebo, or no treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for glioblastoma in adults
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using anti‐EGFR therapies in adults with glioblastoma were eligible for inclusion. Anti‐EGFR therapies included tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, or vaccines. The comparison included investigational product added to standard of care versus standard of care or placebo, or investigational product against standard of care or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
We included RCTs that assigned people with ALS/MND to receive cell‐based therapy versus a placebo or no additional treatment. Co‐interventions were allowed, provided that they were given to each group equally.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis
We selected randomised controlled trials or quasi‐randomised trials of interventions to reduce falls in people with MS. We included trials that examined falls prevention interventions compared to controls or different types of falls prevention interventions. Primary outcomes included: falls rate, risk of falling, number of falls per person and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults
Our search criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared indomethacin with any control in adults presenting with severe traumatic brain injury associated with elevated intracranial pressure, with no previous decompressive surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about adults with a primary diagnosis of CFS, from all diagnostic criteria, who were able to participate in exercise therapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychological therapies for the prevention of migraine in adults
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of a psychological therapy for people with chronic or episodic migraine, with or without aura. Interventions could be compared to another active treatment (psychological or medical), an attention‐placebo (e.g. supportive counselling) or other placebo, routine care, or waiting‐list control. We excluded studies where fewer than 15 participants completed each arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mixed exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia that compared mixed exercise interventions with other or no exercise interventions. Major outcomes were health‐related quality of life (HRQL), pain, stiffness, fatigue, physical function, withdrawals, and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis
All published randomised controlled trials (RCTs)and cross‐over studies that compared non‐pharmacological therapies with a control intervention for managing chronic pain in pwMS were included. Clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Information provision for people with multiple sclerosis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐randomised controlled trials, and quasi‐randomised trials comparing information provision for people with MS or suspected MS (intervention groups) with usual care or other types of information provision (control groups) were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia
We selected randomized, controlled trials of any formulation of SNRIs against placebo or any other active treatment of fibromyalgia in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults
Double‐blind, randomised controlled trials comparing combinations of two or more drugs to placebo or other comparators, or both, for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Absorbable versus non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery
We considered all randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing absorbable and non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after any form of carpal tunnel decompression surgery in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children
Randomised and quasi‐randomised trials comparing any anticonvulsant drugs used for the treatment of an acute tonic‐clonic convulsion including convulsive status epilepticus in children.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Botulinum toxin for motor and phonic tics in Tourette's syndrome
We considered all randomised, controlled, double‐blind studies comparing botulinum toxin to placebo or other medications for the treatment of motor and phonic tics in Tourette’s syndrome for this review. We sought both parallel group and cross‐over studies of children or adults, at any dose, and for any duration.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment of fatigue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
We selected randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of any intervention which sought to reduce fatigue for people with ALS/MND. We included studies if reduction in fatigue was a primary or secondary outcome of the trial.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of treatment with any corticosteroid or adrenocorticotrophic hormone for CIDP, diagnosed by an internationally accepted definition.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
All double‐blind, randomised, controlled trials comparing intravenous alemtuzumab (12 mg per day or 24 mg per day on five consecutive days during the first month and on three consecutive days at months 12, 24, 36) versus subcutaneous IFN beta 1a (Rebif), 22 μg or 44 μg three times per week, or IFN beta 1a (Avonex) by intramuscular injection 30 μg once a week, in people of any gender and age with RRMS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs involving non‐invasive or tracheostomy‐assisted ventilation in participants with a clinical diagnosis of ALS, independent of the reported outcomes. We included comparisons with no intervention or the best standard care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Whole body vibration exercise training for fibromyalgia
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia based on published criteria including a WBV intervention versus control or another intervention. Major outcomes were health‐related quality of life (HRQL), pain intensity, stiffness, fatigue, physical function, withdrawals, and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Zonisamide for essential tremor
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of zonisamide versus placebo or any other treatment. We included studies in which the diagnosis of ET was made according to accepted and validated diagnostic criteria. We excluded studies conducted in patients presenting secondary forms of tremor or reporting only neurophysiological parameters to assess outcomes.