anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of stents (either internal or external) versus no stents, and comparing internal stents versus external stents, replacement versus no replacement following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐surgical interventions for late rectal problems (proctopathy) of radiotherapy in people who have received radiotherapy to the pelvis
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing non‐surgical interventions for the management of late radiation proctopathy in people with cancer who have undergone pelvic radiotherapy for cancer. Primary outcomes considered were: episodes of bowel activity, bleeding, pain, tenesmus, urgency, and sphincter dysfunction.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing use of an LBD versus a control diet with regard to infection rate, (infection‐related) mortality, time to first febrile episode, need for empirical antibiotic therapy, diet acceptability and quality of life in adult and paediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral morphine for cancer pain
Published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using placebo or active comparators reporting on the analgesic effect of oral morphine in adults and children with cancer pain. We excluded trials with fewer than 10 participants.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chromoscopy versus conventional endoscopy for the detection of polyps in the colon and rectum
We included all prospective randomised trials comparing chromoscopic with conventional endoscopic examination of the whole of the colon and rectum. We excluded studies of people with inflammatory bowel disease or polyposis syndromes and any studies that combined chromoscopy with additional interventions (cap assistance, water‐perfused, etc.).
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Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment
To be eligible for being included in this review, studies had to be RCTs comparing the efficacy of G. lucidum medications to active or placebo control in patients with cancer that had been diagnosed by pathology. All types and stages of cancer were eligible for inclusion. Trials were not restricted on the basis of language.
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Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer
We considered for inclusion in the review RCTs and non‐randomised studies comparing laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, irrespective of language, blinding or publication status..
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Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Two review authors independently selected references for further assessment by going through all titles and abstracts. Further selection was based on review of full text articles for selected references.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness
We included randomised double‐blind controlled trials that compared the use of any opioid drug against placebo or any other intervention for the relief of breathlessness. The intervention was any opioid, given by any route, in any dose.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laparoscopic versus open transhiatal oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer
We considered randomised controlled trials and non‐randomised studies comparing laparoscopic with open transhiatal oesophagectomy in patients with resectable oesophageal cancer, regardless of language, blinding, or publication status for the review.
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Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer
The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) that compared the effects of physical exercise training with no training, in people who were within the first five years of their diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐surgical versus surgical treatment for oesophageal cancer
Two review authors independently screened all titles and abstracts of articles obtained from the literature searches and selected references for further assessment. For these selected references, we based trial inclusion on assessment of the full‐text articles.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Very early discharge versus early discharge versus non‐early discharge in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia
We included all randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials in which children with cancer and febrile neutropenia were divided in groups with different times of discharge.
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Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical treatment of periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma
RCTs comparing CW versus PPW including participants with periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma.
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Irinotecan chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidines versus irinotecan alone for overall survival and progression‐free survival in patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of IRI chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidine compared with IRI alone for the treatment of patients with advanced CRC, regardless of treatment line settings.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
End‐of‐life care pathways for improving outcomes in caring for the dying
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐randomised trials or high quality controlled before‐and‐after studies comparing use versus non‐use of an end‐of‐life care pathway in caring for the dying.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus percutaneous radiological gastrostomy for swallowing disturbances
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PEG with PRG in individuals with swallowing disturbances, regardless of the underlying disease.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antiemetic medication for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in childhood
Two review authors independently screened abstracts in order to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a pharmacological antiemetic, cannabinoid, or benzodiazepine with placebo or any alternative active intervention in children and young people (less than 18 years) with a diagnosis of cancer who were to receive chemotherapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tranexamic acid given during surgery versus placebo or no treatment, in adult women diagnosed with advanced EOC.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for resistant or recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included.
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Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the initial management of primary epithelial ovarian cancer
The analysis was restricted to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing women with a new diagnosis of primary epithelial ovarian cancer, of any FIGO stage, following primary cytoreductive surgery. Standard IV chemotherapy was compared with chemotherapy that included a component of IP administration.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interval debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing survival of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, who had IDS performed between cycles of chemotherapy after primary surgery with survival of women who had conventional treatment (primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Localization techniques for guided surgical excision of non‐palpable breast lesions
Two review authors, BC and RJ, independently screened by title and abstract the studies we had identified through the search strategy; when this was inconclusive, they examined the full‐text article for inclusion. We resolved any discrepancies regarding eligibility by discussion with a third review author, RA.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjuvant (post‐surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer
We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of women with early stage (I/IIa) epithelial ovarian cancer staged at laparotomy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy
We included randomised controlled trials where more than 50% of participants had primary tumours of the oral cavity or oropharynx, and which compared targeted therapy or immunotherapy, plus standard therapy, with standard therapy alone.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a cannabis‐based medication with either placebo or with a conventional anti‐emetic in adults receiving chemotherapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Stapler versus scalpel resection followed by hand‐sewn closure of the pancreatic remnant for distal pancreatectomy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing stapler versus scalpel resection followed by hand‐sewn closure of the pancreatic remnant for distal pancreatectomy (irrespective of language or publication status).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Levomepromazine for nausea and vomiting in palliative care
Randomised controlled trials of levomepromazine for the treatment of nausea or vomiting, or both, in adults receiving palliative care. We excluded studies in which symptoms were thought to be due to pregnancy or surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Haloperidol for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of haloperidol for the treatment of nausea or vomiting, or both, in any setting, for inclusion. The studies had to be conducted with adults receiving palliative care or suffering from an incurable progressive medical condition. We excluded studies where nausea or vomiting, or both, were thought to be secondary to pregnancy or surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population
We included only RCTs that compared non‐platinum single‐agent therapy versus non‐platinum combination therapy, or non‐platinum therapy versus platinum combination therapy in patients over 70 years of age with advanced NSCLC. We allowed inclusion of RCTs specifically designed for the elderly population and those designed for elderly subgroup analyses.
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Acupuncture for cancer pain in adults
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any type of invasive acupuncture for pain directly related to cancer in adults aged 18 years or over.
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High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue for children with high‐risk neuroblastoma
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in high‐risk neuroblastoma patients.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cyclophosphamide versus ifosfamide for paediatric and young adult bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide for the treatment of different types of sarcoma in paediatric and young adult patients (aged less than 30 years at diagnosis). Chemotherapy other than either cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide should have been the same in both treatment groups.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral tapentadol for cancer pain
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of tapentadol compared with placebo or active controls in adults with moderate to severe cancer pain. Pain had to be measured using a validated assessment tool, and studies had to include at least 10 participants per treatment arm.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing any form of nutritional support with another, or control, in children or young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment
Controlled clinical trials (randomised and non‐randomised clinical trials) that compared multidisciplinary rehabilitation in primary brain tumour with either routinely available local services or lower levels of intervention, or studies that compared multidisciplinary rehabilitation in different settings or at different levels of intensity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Spinal cord stimulation for cancer‐related pain in adults
We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared SCS with other interventions with regards to the effectiveness of pain management. We also planned to include cross‐over trials that compared SCS with another treatment. We planned to identify non‐randomised controlled trials but these would only be included if no RCTs could be found.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Taxane‐containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer
Randomised controlled trials comparing taxane‐containing chemotherapy regimens to regimens without taxanes in women with metastatic breast cancer. We included published and unpublished studies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning adult palliative care with a focus on pharmacological treatment of fatigue compared to placebo, application of two drugs, usual care or a non‐pharmacological intervention. The primary outcome had to be non‐specific fatigue (or related terms such as asthenia). We did not include studies on fatigue related to antineoplastic treatment (e.g. chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical intervention). We also included secondary outcomes that were assessed in fatigue‐related studies (e.g. exhaustion, tiredness).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances
We planned to include randomised controlled trials comparing PEG versus NGT for adults with swallowing disturbances or dysphagia and indications for nutritional support, with any underlying diseases. The primary outcome was intervention failure (e.g. feeding interruption, blocking or leakage of the tube, no adherence to treatment).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rapid COJEC versus standard induction therapies for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Randomized controlled trials evaluating the rapid COJEC induction schedule for high‐risk neuroblastoma patients compared to standard induction schedules.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for cough in cancer
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials (quasi‐experimental trials and trials where there is a comparison group but no mention of randomisation) in participants with primary or metastatic lung cancer or other cancers.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by lymph node dissection for localised primary cutaneous melanoma
Two review authors independently assessed all RCTs comparing SLNB followed by CLND for the treatment of primary localised cutaneous melanoma for inclusion. Primary outcome measures were overall survival and rate of treatment complications and side effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating laxatives for constipation in people receiving palliative care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laetrile treatment for cancer
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Buprenorphine for treating cancer pain
We included randomised controlled trials, with parallel‐group or crossover design, comparing buprenorphine (any formulation and any route of administration) with placebo or an active drug (including buprenorphine) for cancer background pain in adults and children.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function
We included completed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that used postoperative CG as an intervention compared to a control group.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are at risk of developing lymphoedema after breast cancer therapy
Randomised controlled trials that reported lymphoedema as the primary outcome and compared any conservative intervention to either no intervention or to another conservative intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Percutaneous ethanol injection or percutaneous acetic acid injection for early hepatocellular carcinoma
We considered randomised clinical trials comparing PEI or PAI versus no intervention, sham intervention, each other, other percutaneous interventions, or surgery for the treatment of early HCC regardless of blinding, publication status, or language. We excluded studies comparing RFA or combination of different interventions as such interventions have been or will be addressed in other Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group systematic reviews.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non‐small cell lung cancer
Randomised controlled clinical trials comparing different regimens of palliative thoracic radiotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients
We included all randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials of dance/movement therapy interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in patients with cancer. We considered studies only if dance/movement therapy was provided by a formally trained dance/movement therapist or by trainees in a formal dance/movement therapy program.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Follow‐up strategies after treatment (large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) test
We searched for randomised control trials (RCTs) that compared follow‐up management strategies following LLETZ treatment for CIN.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Minimally invasive surgery versus open surgery for the treatment of solid abdominal and thoracic neoplasms in children
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing MIS to open surgery for the treatment of solid intra‐thoracic or intra‐abdominal neoplasms in children (aged 0 to 18 years) were considered for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for children with medulloblastoma
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the above treatments in children (aged 0 to 21 years) with medulloblastoma.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjuvant chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CCRT alone versus CCRT plus ACT were included. Patients were diagnosed with cervical cancer FIGO stage IIB to IVA with a histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Long‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre‐malignant lesions
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (aged 18 years or greater) concerning the effects of long‐term (six months or greater) PPI use on gastric mucosa changes, confirmed by endoscopy or biopsy sampling (or both).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Droperidol for treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of droperidol for the treatment of nausea or vomiting, or both, in adults receiving palliative care or suffering from an incurable progressive medical condition.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy‐naive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Eligible studies were RCTs that compared chemotherapy plus cetuximab with the same chemotherapy alone, in advanced NSCLC, previously untreated with chemotherapy or EGFR‐targeted drugs, and measured at least one of the following: overall survival, progression‐free survival, one‐year survival rate, objective response rate, quality of life, or serious adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Colony‐stimulating factors for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia
We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and economic evaluations that compared CSF plus antibiotics versus antibiotics alone for the treatment of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia in adults and children.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
High dose rate versus low dose rate intracavity brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervix cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs that compared HDR with LDR ICBT, combined with EBRT, for women with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain
We sought randomised, double‐blind, controlled trials using single or multiple doses of codeine, with or without paracetamol, for the treatment of cancer pain. Trials could have either parallel or cross‐over design, with at least 10 participants per treatment group. Studies in children or adults reporting on any type, grade, and stage of cancer were eligible. We accepted any formulation, dosage regimen, and route of administration of codeine, and both placebo and active controls.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment including anthracyclines versus treatment not including anthracyclines for childhood cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatment of any type of childhood cancer with and without anthracyclines and reporting outcomes concerning antitumour efficacy or cardiotoxicity.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatment of severe or progressive Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV‐infected adults
Randomised trials and observational studies evaluating the effects of any chemotherapeutic regimen in combination with HAART compared to HAART alone, chemotherapy versus HAART, and comparisons between different chemotherapy regimens.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical castration monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer
We included randomised controlled trials comparing non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy with medical or surgical castration monotherapy for men in advanced stages of prostate cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Impact of morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone or codeine on patient consciousness, appetite and thirst when used to treat cancer pain
We included randomised studies using multiple doses of four opioid drugs (morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, and codeine) in cancer pain. These were taken from four existing or ongoing Cochrane reviews. Participants were adults aged 18 and over. We included only full journal publication articles.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgical treatment of stage IA2 cervical cancer
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared surgical techniques in women with stage IA2 cervical cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgery versus primary endocrine therapy for operable primary breast cancer in elderly women (70 years plus)
Randomised trials comparing surgery, with or without adjuvant endocrine therapy, to primary endocrine therapy in the management of women aged 70 years or over with early breast cancer and who were fit for surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with AO, AOA or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) comparing adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy, RT, or sequential chemotherapy and RT. We excluded no specific chemotherapy regimens.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adjuvant chemotherapy compared with radiotherapy or chemoradiation in women with FIGO stage III and IV endometrial cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients
All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective controlled trials (if no RCTs were found).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LTME and OTME, reporting at least one of our outcome measures, was considered for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgical interventions for high‐grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared surgical interventions in adult women diagnosed with high‐grade VIN.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing surgery or SRS plus WBRT with surgery or SRS alone for treatment of brain metastases.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
We included randomised controlled trials comparing pancreatic resection versus palliative treatments for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (irrespective of language or publication status).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
De‐escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Randomised controlled trials investigating de‐escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus‐associated, locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. Specific de‐escalation categories were: 1) bioradiotherapy (experimental) versus chemoradiotherapy (control); 2) radiotherapy (experimental) versus chemoradiotherapy (control); and 3) low‐dose (experimental) versus standard‐dose radiotherapy (control). The outcomes of interest were overall and disease‐specific survival, treatment‐related morbidity, quality of life and cost.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Exenterative surgery for recurrent gynaecological malignancies
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or non‐randomised studies with concurrent comparison groups that included multivariate analyses of exenterative surgery versus medical management in women with recurrent gynaecological malignancies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Combination versus sequential single agent chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer
Randomised controlled trials of combination chemotherapy compared to the same drugs used sequentially in women with metastatic breast cancer in the first‐, second‐ or third‐line setting.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer
Phase III randomised controlled trials in which any chemotherapy treatment was compared with  placebo or BSC in patients with extensive SCLC, as first‐line or second‐line therapy at relapse.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Post‐operative radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
RCTs of breast conserving surgery with and without radiotherapy in women at first diagnosis of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (no invasive disease present).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Patient‐reported outcome measures for follow‐up after gynaecological cancer treatment
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs with concurrent comparison groups (of adequate quality that used statistical adjustment for baseline case mix using multivariable analyses) that compared PROMs or QoL questionnaires versus traditional follow‐up with multiple visits to the hospital in women after treatment for gynaecological cancers. Studies that involved women completing PROMs at intervals and submitting results for assessment by their cancer care team or structured interviews of women during their follow‐up were included in the analysis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for first‐line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PLD alone or in combination with other agent/s (e.g. carboplatin) versus other agent/s for first‐line chemotherapy in women with EOC who may or may not have undergone primary cytoreductive surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral antibiotic(s) to intravenous antibiotic(s) for the treatment of neutropenic cancer patients with fever. The comparison between the two could be started initially (initial oral) or following an initial course of intravenous antibiotic treatment (sequential).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy versus radical abdominal hysterectomy for the treatment of early cervical cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared laparoscopically assisted radical hysterectomy and radical abdominal hysterectomy, in adult women diagnosed with early (stage 1 to 2A) cervical cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Perioperative nutrition interventions for women with ovarian cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which women 18 years and over with any stage of ovarian cancer, including recurrent cancer, were in the perioperative phase of treatment and received any type of nutrition intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cervico‐thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome
Randomised, double blind, placebo or active controlled studies assessing the effects of sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and CRPS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychosocial interventions for patients with head and neck cancer
We selected randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions for adults with head and neck cancer. For trials to be included the psychosocial intervention had to involve a supportive relationship between a trained helper and individuals diagnosed with head and neck cancer. Outcomes had to be assessed using a validated quality of life or psychological distress measure, or both.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Maintenance chemotherapy for ovarian cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing maintenance chemotherapy with no further intervention, maintenance radiotherapy or other maintenance therapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Beta‐lactam versus beta‐lactam‐aminoglycoside combination therapy in cancer patients with neutropenia
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any beta‐lactam antibiotic monotherapy with any combination of a beta‐lactam and an aminoglycoside antibiotic, for the initial empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic cancer patients. All cause mortality was the primary outcome assessed.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for cutaneous Bowen's disease
We included all randomised controlled trials assessing interventions used in Bowen's disease, preferably histologically proven.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma
We included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interferon alpha to observation (or any other treatment) for the postoperative (adjuvant) treatment of patients with high‐risk skin melanoma, that is, people with regional lymph node metastasis (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM (tumour, lymph node, metastasis) stage III) undergoing radical lymph node dissection, or people without nodal disease but with primary tumour thickness greater than 1 mm (AJCC TNM stage II).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), controlled before and after studies (CBAs) and interrupted time series (ITSs) evaluating the impact of home palliative care services on outcomes for adults with advanced illness or their family caregivers, or both.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interferon after surgery for women with advanced (Stage II‐IV) epithelial ovarian cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving participants with advanced EOC that compared post‐operative chemotherapy alone with post‐operative interferon therapy in combination with chemotherapy or post‐operative chemotherapy followed by interferon or observation alone
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fibrin glue instillation under skin flaps to prevent seroma‐related morbidity following breast and axillary surgery
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of FG in terms of reducing the postoperative seroma incidence and related comorbidities in people undergoing breast and axillary surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Sequencing of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for early breast cancer
We included randomised controlled trials evaluating different sequencing of CT and RT.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Temozolomide for high grade glioma
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where the interventions were the use of temozolomide during primary therapy or for recurrent disease. Comparisons included no chemotherapy, non‐temozolomide chemotherapy or different dosing schedules of temozolomide. Patients included those of all ages with histologically proven HGG.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Megestrol acetate for treatment of anorexia‐cachexia syndrome
Studies were included in the review if they assessed MA compared to placebo or other drug treatments in randomised controlled trials of patients with a clinical diagnosis of anorexia‐cachexia syndrome related to cancer, AIDS or any other underlying pathology.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pre‐treatment surgical para‐aortic lymph node assessment in locally advanced cervical cancer
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared surgical para‐aortic lymph node assessment and dissection with radiological staging techniques, in adult women diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Multidimensional rehabilitation programmes for adult cancer survivors
Selection criteria focused on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of multidimensional interventions for adult cancer survivors. Interventions had to include a physical component and a psychosocial component and to have been carried out on two or more occasions following completion of primary cancer treatment. Outcomes had to be assessed using validated measures of physical health and psychosocial well‐being. Non‐English language papers were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery for uterine carcinosarcoma
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in women with uterine carcinosarcoma.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving chemotherapy for metastatic/recurrent cervical cancer. Trials involving radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, intra‐arterial chemotherapy, biological agents or immunomodulators were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for reducing anxiety in women undergoing colposcopy
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to reduce anxiety during colposcopic examination.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for malignant germ cell ovarian cancer in adult patients with early stage, advanced and recurrent disease
We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs and non‐randomised studies that compared systemic therapy in adult women diagnosed with germ cell ovarian cancer who have confirmed pathological diagnoses.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone in non‐small cell lung cancer
RCTs were eligible for inclusion provided the patients had been randomised between chemotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone and that the method of randomisation precluded prior knowledge of the treatment to be assigned.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Topical anti‐inflammatory treatments for eczema: network meta‐analysis
We included within‐participant or between‐participant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in people of any age with eczema of any severity, but excluded trials in clinically infected eczema, seborrhoeic eczema, contact eczema, or hand eczema. We included topical anti‐inflammatory treatments used for at least one week, compared with another anti‐inflammatory treatment, no treatment, or vehicle/placebo. Vehicle is a 'carrier system' for an active pharmaceutical substance, which may also be used on its own as an emollient for dry skin. We excluded trials of topical antibiotics used alone, complementary therapies, emollients used alone, phototherapy, wet wraps, and systemic treatments.
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Non‐invasive high‐frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐ or quasi‐RCTs of nHFV in newborn infants with respiratory distress compared to invasive or non‐invasive ventilation.
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Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster‐RCTs. There were no restrictions on the age and sex of the participants or the setting of the study. We considered any available WHO‐prequalified oral killed cholera vaccine as an intervention. The control group was given a placebo, another vaccine, or no vaccine. The outcomes were related to vaccine effectiveness and safety. We included articles published in English only.
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Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomised trials in children aged 6 months to 12 years with unilateral or bilateral OME. We included studies that compared topical or oral steroids with either placebo or watchful waiting (no treatment).
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Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non‐randomised RCTs (nRCTs), controlled before‐after studies, and interrupted time series conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries involving children that were under five years of age, caregivers, and healthcare providers.
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Corrector therapies (with or without potentiators) for people with cystic fibrosis with class II CFTR gene variants (most commonly F508del)
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (parallel design) comparing CFTR correctors to control in pwCF with class II mutations.
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Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis
Randomised, double‐blind trials comparing different antibiotics, and reporting at least one of the following: clinical cure, clinical relapse, or complications and/or adverse events.
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Ventilation tubes (grommets) for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs in children (6 months to 12 years) with OME for ≥ 3 months. We included studies that compared ventilation tube (VT) insertion with five comparators: no treatment, watchful waiting (ventilation tubes inserted later, if required), myringotomy, hearing aids and other non‐surgical treatments.
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Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children
We included randomised controlled trials comparing 1) antimicrobial drugs with placebo, and 2) immediate antibiotic treatment with expectant observation (including delayed antibiotic prescribing) in children with AOM.
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Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants
We included randomized trials in preterm infants, in which methylxanthines (aminophylline, caffeine, or theophylline) were compared to placebo or no treatment for any indication (i.e. prevention of apnea, treatment of apnea, or prevention of re‐intubation).
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Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that included neonates with EEG‐confirmed or clinically diagnosed seizures and compared (1) any ASM versus an alternative ASM, (2) maintenance therapy with ASM versus no maintenance therapy, and (3) treatment of clinical or EEG seizures versus treatment of clinical seizures alone.
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Immunoglobulin treatment for hospitalised infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus infection
Randomised controlled trials comparing immunoglobulins with placebo in hospitalised infants and children aged up to three years with laboratory‐diagnosed RSV lower respiratory tract infection.
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Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy
Randomised placebo‐controlled trials of add‐on immunomodulatory drug interventions, in which an adequate method of concealment of randomisation was used. The studies were double‐, single‐ or unblinded. Eligible participants were children (aged over 2 years) and adults with focal epilepsy.
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Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants
We included randomised, quasi‐randomised or cluster‐randomised controlled trials that compared nutritional supplementation that included higher versus lower sodium supplementation in parenteral or enteral intake, or both. Eligible participants were preterm infants born before 37 weeks' gestational age or with a birth weight less than 2500 grams, or both. We excluded studies that had prespecified differential water intakes between groups.
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Superoxide dismutase for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Randomized, quasi‐randomized and cluster‐randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where the participants were preterm infants who had developed, or were at risk of developing BPD, and who were randomly allocated to receive either SOD (in any form, by any route, any dose, anytime) or placebo, or no treatment.
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Caffeine versus other methylxanthines for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants
Studies : randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs
Participants: infants born before 34 weeks of gestation for prevention and extubation trials, and infants born before 37 weeks of gestation for treatment trials
Intervention and comparison: caffeine versus theophylline or caffeine versus aminophylline. We included all doses and duration of treatment.
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Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing psychological interventions to no intervention in the congenital heart disease population, aged 10 years and older, with depression.
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Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants
We included parallel, and cluster‐randomised controlled trials with preterm infants < 37 weeks` gestation during hospitalisation, and parents when they were involved in the intervention. Interventions were any music or vocal stimulation provided live or via a recording by a music therapist, a parent, or a healthcare professional compared to standard care. The intervention duration was greater than five minutes and needed to occur more than three times.