anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Caregiver‐mediated exercises for improving outcomes after stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of reserpine for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction
1. Oxygen 2. Titrator
comparison group:
Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
1. Antiarrhythmics, Class I And III
comparison group:
Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
1. Compression Stockings 2. Thrombolysis Of Artery 3. Anticoagulant therapy
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions other than botulinum toxin for spasticity after stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm
1. Antithrombotic Agents 2. Oral
comparison group:
Self management programmes for quality of life in people with stroke
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Venous cutdown versus the Seldinger technique for placement of totally implantable venous access ports
1. Seldinger Technique
comparison group:
Intravenous heparin during ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysmal repair
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Drug‐eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs
1. Peripheral angioplasty balloon catheter, drug-eluting 2. Percutaneous Balloon Angioplasty Of Artery
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy
1. Other Cardiac Preparations 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers
1. Placebo 2. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction in the stent era
1. Angiography
comparison group:
Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope
1. Diagnostic Procedure
comparison group:
Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pre‐hospital versus in‐hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
1. Cooling Of Intravenous Fluid 2. Hospital
comparison group:
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of beta‐1 selective beta blockers for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for helping people adhere to compression treatments for venous leg ulceration
1. Venous Leg Ulcer Care Education 2. Social Support 3. Compression Therapy 4. Usual Care 5. Health System Guidance 6. Self-care Patient Education
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral aspirin for treating venous leg ulcers
1. Placebo 2. Compression Therapy
comparison group:
Biphasic versus monophasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
1. Monophasic Defibrillation
comparison group:
Systematic versus opportunistic risk assessment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
1. Assessment For Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease
comparison group:
Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
1. Warfarin
comparison group:
Perioperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing mortality and morbidity in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events
1. Medical Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
A 'test and treat' strategy for elevated wound protease activity for healing in venous leg ulcers
1. Usual Care 2. Protease Modulating Matrix Treatment
comparison group:
Internet‐based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Nurse‐led titration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta‐adrenergic blocking agents, and angiotensin receptor blockers for people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Amiodarone versus other pharmacological interventions for prevention of sudden cardiac death
1. Placebo 2. Antiarrhythmics, Class I And III
comparison group:
Aminophylline for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Structured telephone support or non‐invasive telemonitoring for patients with heart failure
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fibrates for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Implantable defibrillators versus medical therapy for cardiac channelopathies
1. Usual Care 2. Cardiac Therapy
comparison group:
Stent graft types for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms
1. Endovascular Insertion Of Stent Graft
comparison group:
Debridement for venous leg ulcers
1. Debridement
comparison group:
Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
1. Aspirin 2. Warfarin
comparison group:
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Antiarrhythmics, Class I And III
comparison group:
Buflomedil for acute ischaemic stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Negative pressure wound therapy for treating leg ulcers
1. Negative Pressure Wound Dressing
comparison group:
Fresh frozen plasma for cardiovascular surgery
1. Plasma substitutes 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease
1. Health Promotion Education 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for post‐stroke fatigue
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non‐specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy
1. Usual Care 2. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Motivational interviewing for improving recovery after stroke
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Anti‐inflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Adenosine and verapamil for no‐reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in people with acute myocardial infarction
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intra‐aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP) for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
1. Aortic Balloon Pump Operation
comparison group:
Anaesthetic and sedative agents used for electrical cardioversion
1. General inhalation anesthetic 2. Hypnotics And Sedatives 3. Intravenous Anesthesia
comparison group:
Interventions for improving community ambulation in individuals with stroke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Atorvastatin for lowering lipids
1. Placebo
comparison group:
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for preventing acute kidney injury after surgical procedures requiring cardiac bypass
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Transmyocardial laser revascularization versus medical therapy for refractory angina
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery
1. Placebo 2. Antiplatelet Agent Therapy
comparison group:
Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia
1. Therapeutic Procedure
comparison group:
Beta‐adrenergic blockers for perioperative cardiac risk reduction in people undergoing vascular surgery
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Biologics, colchicine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and interferon‐alpha for Neuro‐Behçet's Syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis
1. Medical Therapy
comparison group:
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 2. Direct Current Defibrillation
comparison group:
Pre‐hospital versus in‐hospital thrombolysis for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
1. Hospital 2. Thrombolysis
comparison group:
Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension
1. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Therapy
comparison group:
Exercise for people with high cardiovascular risk
1. Nutrition Therapy 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Heparin versus placebo for non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndromes
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Angioplasty versus bare metal stenting for superficial femoral artery lesions
1. Bare Metal Stent
comparison group:
Anticoagulation therapy versus placebo for pulmonary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Trypanocidal drugs for chronic asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Anticoagulants (heparin, low molecular weight heparin and oral anticoagulants) for intermittent claudication
1. Placebo 2. Anticoagulant therapy
comparison group:
Type of incision for below knee amputation
1. Skew Flap Incision
comparison group:
Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
1. Vitamin K Antagonists
comparison group:
Glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa inhibitors for acute ischaemic stroke
1. RTS.S/AS02D 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing post solid organ transplant tuberculosis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis
1. Desogestrel / Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Tablet 2. Ethinyl Estradiol / Norgestrel Oral Tablet 3. Progestogens And Estrogens Systemic Contraceptives, Sequential Preparations 4. Ethinyl Estradiol / Levonorgestrel Oral Tablet 5. Ethinyl Estradiol / Norgestimate Oral Tablet 6. Ethinyl Estradiol / Gestodene Oral Tablet 7. Progestogens And Estrogen Systemic Contraceptives, Fixed Combinations 8. Ethinyl Estradiol / Lynestrenol Oral Tablet 9. Norethisterone And Estrogen
comparison group:
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
First‐line beta‐blockers versus other antihypertensive medications for chronic type B aortic dissection
1. Antihypertensive agents
comparison group:
Insulin for glycaemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
1. Placebo 2. Insulins and analogues
comparison group:
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics and antiseptics for venous leg ulcers
1. Antiseptics 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Intravascular brachytherapy for peripheral vascular disease
1. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
comparison group:
Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Immunosuppressive T‐cell antibody induction for heart transplant recipients
1. Monoclonal Antibodies 2. Polyclonal antibodies
comparison group:
Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease
1. Beta Blocking Agents, Non-selective
comparison group:
Nitrates for acute heart failure syndromes
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Nesiritide 3. Hydralazine 4. Frusemide 5. Prenalterol
comparison group:
Once versus twice daily low molecular weight heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
1. Subcutaneous 2. Low Molecular Weight Heparin
comparison group:
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other focal intramuscular treatment for post‐stroke spasticity
1. Placebo 2. Sham Feeding Test
comparison group:
Occupational therapy for care home residents with stroke
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Early versus delayed mobilisation for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
1. Early Treatment 2. Therapeutic mobilization
comparison group:
Continuous versus intermittent physiological monitoring for acute stroke
1. Intermittent physiological monitoring
comparison group:
Flavonoids for treating venous leg ulcers
1. Compression Bandaging 2. Flavonoids 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Cholesterol‐reducing agents for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing secondary vascular events after stroke or transient ischemic attack
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Physical rehabilitation for older people in long‐term care
1. Physical Rehabilitation Therapy Procedure
comparison group:
Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Wolbachia‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection
1. Mosquito control measures
comparison group:
Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults
1. Placebo 2. Antivirals 3. Varicella Zoster Vaccines
comparison group:
Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Monoclonal Antibodies 3. Usual Care 4. Antiplatelet agent
comparison group:
Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in children
1. Saline
comparison group:
Therapeutics for treating mpox in humans
1. Therapeutic Procedure 2. Placebo 3. Supportive care
comparison group:
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19: Equity‐related analyses and update on evidence
1. Placebo 2. Corticosteroids - Systemic use 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Complementary Therapy 3. Monoclonal Antibodies
comparison group:
Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. Corticosteroids 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Inhaled
comparison group:
Antibiotics for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy 3. Usual Care 4. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID‐19
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Impact of diagnostic strategies for tuberculosis using lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay in people living with HIV
1. Xpert MTB RIF
comparison group:
Minimally invasive treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a network meta‐analysis
1. Sham Intervention 2. Transurethral Prostatectomy
comparison group:
Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil‐transmitted helminths during pregnancy
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical ventilation
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis 4. Systemic
comparison group:
Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection
1. Water 2. Saline
comparison group:
Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection to improve patient outcomes and to protect healthcare workers treating them
1. Water 2. Saline
comparison group:
Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review
1. Usual Care 2. Home Visit 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Shortened treatment regimens versus the standard regimen for drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
1. Urokinase 2. Intrapleural 3. Saline
comparison group:
Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Community-Based 2. Gentamicin 3. Newborn Care Management 4. Procaine 5. Benzylpenicillin 6. Injection
comparison group:
Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV‐positive people with cryptococcal meningitis
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Antiretroviral Therapy
comparison group:
Influenza vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Influenza Virus Vaccine 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community
1. Influenza Virus Vaccine 2. Immunization Education
comparison group:
Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
1. Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection
1. Antidepressants 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for pneumonia
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Macrolides
comparison group:
Interventions to increase tuberculosis case detection at primary healthcare or community‐level services
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Routine antibiotic prophylaxis after normal vaginal birth for reducing maternal infectious morbidity
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use
comparison group:
Short‐course versus long‐course intravenous therapy with the same antibiotic for severe community‐acquired pneumonia in children aged two months to 59 months
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Intravenous
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder
1. Preventive 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV‐infected children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Zinc supplementation for the treatment of measles in children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Haemophilus influenzae oral vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for acute bronchitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
1. Placebo 2. Pre-admission 3. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Nasal decontamination for the prevention of surgical site infection in Staphylococcus aureus carriers
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Nasal 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care 5. Antibiotics For Topical Use
comparison group:
Surgical versus non‐surgical management for pleural empyema
1. Thoracostomy 2. Thoracentesis
comparison group:
Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
1. Diagnostic Procedure
comparison group:
Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection
1. Surgical tissue adhesive 2. Gauze Dressing 3. Wound Management Dressing 4. Adhesive Tape 5. Medical Dressing 6. Surgical Dressings 7. Wound dressing 8. Wound And Ulcer Preparations 9. Application Of Antimicrobial Dressing
comparison group:
Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates
1. Gentamicin
comparison group:
School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis
1. Fluid therapy
comparison group:
Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Placebo
comparison group:
HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes
1. Administration Of Drug Or Medicament To Skin Via Topical Route 2. Plant Alkaloids And Other Natural Products 3. Imiquimod 4. Antivirals 5. Placebo 6. Interferon 7. Antivirals For Systemic Use
comparison group:
Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in adults
1. Influenza Virus Vaccine
comparison group:
Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy
1. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures in viral encephalitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fixed‐dose combinations of drugs versus single‐drug formulations for treating pulmonary tuberculosis
1. Chemotherapy 2. Single-drug formulation
comparison group:
Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children
1. Administration Of Drug Or Medicament To Skin Via Topical Route 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis
1. Antibiotics, Antitubercular 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Early removal versus expectant management of central venous catheters in neonates with bloodstream infection
1. Expectant Management
comparison group:
Urinary alkalisation for symptomatic uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Placebo 3. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antithrombin III for critically ill patients
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Frequency of dressing changes for central venous access devices on catheter‐related infections
1. Change Of Dressing
comparison group:
Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection
1. Albendazole 2. Thiabendazole
comparison group:
Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non‐neutropenic critically ill patients
1. Preventive 2. Antifungals For Systemic Use 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation
1. Preventive 2. Supine positioning
comparison group:
Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections
1. Anti-bacterial agent 2. Vancomycin
comparison group:
Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Intravenous 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use
comparison group:
Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Prophylactic oral/topical non‐absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
1. Antifungals For Systemic Use 2. Placebo 3. Antifungals For Topical Use
comparison group:
Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
1. Antifungals For Systemic Use 2. Placebo 3. Antifungals For Topical Use
comparison group:
Prenatal education for congenital toxoplasmosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high‐risk children aged 12 years and under
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Heliox inhalation therapy for bronchiolitis in infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing rubella and congenital rubella syndrome
1. Preventive 2. Rubella, Live Attenuated 3. Placebo 4. Gamma Globulin Administration
comparison group:
Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Short‐course versus prolonged‐course antibiotic therapy for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Surfactant therapy for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Silver‐coated endotracheal tubes for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
1. Antimicrobial Endotracheal Tube 2. Endotracheal Tube
comparison group:
Interventions for prevention of herpes simplex labialis (cold sores on the lips)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
1. Placebo 2. Vaccine 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and viral influenza vaccinations in pregnancy for improving maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic lock for the prevention of catheter‐related infection in neonates
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Catheterization 3. Saline 4. Heparin
comparison group:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections
1. Amoxicillin 2. Amoxycillin with clavulanate potassium
comparison group:
Chlorhexidine skin or cord care for prevention of mortality and infections in neonates
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease
1. Parenteral Feeding Management
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for parasitic eosinophilic meningitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Routine blood cultures in the management of pyelonephritis in pregnancy for improving outcomes
1. Blood Screening Test
comparison group:
Skin preparation with alcohol versus alcohol followed by any antiseptic for preventing bacteraemia or contamination of blood for transfusion
1. Antiseptics And Disinfectants 2. Antiseptics 3. Skin Cleansing Procedure
comparison group:
Low dose versus high dose stavudine for treating people with HIV infection
1. Stavudine 2. High Dose
comparison group:
Macrolides for diffuse panbronchiolitis
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
1. Placebo 2. Vaccine 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Antibiotics for community‐acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing cesarean delivery
1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly
1. Amantadine 2. Rimantadine 3. Placebo 4. Antivirals
comparison group:
Antibiotics for meconium‐stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia
1. Bronchoscopic Sampling Of Secretions
comparison group:
Strategies of testing for syphilis during pregnancy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics for community‐acquired pneumonia in adult outpatients
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Whole-cell pertussis vaccination 4. Vaccination For Diphtheria, Pertussis, And Tetanus 5. Tetanus Diphtheria Vaccination
comparison group:
Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis
1. Placebo 2. Topical
comparison group:
Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Humanized PA14 (a monoclonal CCR5 antibody) for treatment of people with HIV infection
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Corticosteroids for dengue infection
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vaccines for post‐exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Hormonal contraception for women exposed to HIV infection
1. Non-hormonal contraception
comparison group:
Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles
1. Placebo 2. Measles, Live Attenuated
comparison group:
Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults
1. Placebo 2. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Intermittent versus daily therapy for treating tuberculosis in children
1. Tb Chemotherapy
comparison group:
Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis
1. Aminoglycoside Antibacterials 2. Beta-lactam Antibacterials, Penicillins 3. Other Beta-lactam Antibacterials
comparison group:
Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Infection control strategies for preventing the transmission of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes for older people
1. Long Term Care Facility 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in non surgical wounds
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional ventilation for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in children
1. Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
comparison group:
Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children
1. Paracetamol 2. Ibuprofen
comparison group:
Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections
1. Anti-bacterial agent 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Optimal timing for intravascular administration set replacement
1. Replacement Procedure 2. Intravenous Administration Set
comparison group:
Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children
1. Placebo 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Antibiotics for community‐acquired pneumonia in children
1. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
1. Prophylaxis 2. Drug Therapy 3. Placebo
comparison group:
De‐escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use
comparison group:
Co‐formulated abacavir‐lamivudine‐zidovudine for initial treatment of HIV infection and AIDS
1. Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 2. Retroviral protease inhibitor
comparison group:
Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma
1. Influenza Virus Vaccine 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being
1. First Aid Education 2. Mental Health Care Education 3. Attention Placebo Control 4. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones
1. Retrograde intrarenal surgery 2. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
comparison group:
Magnetic seizure therapy for people with schizophrenia
1. Antipsychotics 2. Sham Intervention 3. Electroconvulsive therapy 4. Placebo 5. Tai Chi 6. Psychotherapy 7. Art Therapy 8. Usual Care 9. Acupuncture 10. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 11. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Telehealth 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antipsychotic dose reduction compared to dose continuation for people with schizophrenia
1. Atypical antipsychotic 2. Medication dose continuation
comparison group:
Hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease
1. Iron Supplementation 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Erythropoietin Therapy
comparison group:
Antipsychotics for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonic symptoms
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy (group) for schizophrenia
1. Psychosocial Care 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients
1. Surgical closure
comparison group:
Prostatic arterial embolization for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Sham Intervention 2. Laser Ablation Of Prostate 3. Usual Care 4. Laser Enucleation Of The Prostate 5. Transurethral Prostatectomy
comparison group:
Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection
1. Hair epilation 2. Preoperative
comparison group:
Exercise training for adult lung transplant recipients
1. Usual Care 2. Anaerobic exercise
comparison group:
Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic kidney disease stages 3‐5D
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID‐19: a living systematic review
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Digital interventions for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Healthcare Professional 2. Self-management 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Exercise training for bronchiectasis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Positive End Expiratory Pressure Reduced
comparison group:
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Video games for people with schizophrenia
1. Psychotherapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand
1. Rehabilitation Therapy 2. Wrist/hand Orthosis 3. Muscular Strength Development Exercise 4. Placebo 5. Therapeutic mobilization 6. Scar Management 7. Physical therapy exercises
comparison group:
Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis versus conventional‐start peritoneal dialysis for people with chronic kidney disease
1. Peritoneal Dialysis 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults
1. Psychosocial Intervention Strategy 2. Drug Therapy 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults
1. Preventive 2. Repositioning 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain
1. Paracetamol 2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 3. Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery
1. Adhesive, bandage or suture 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain
1. Placebo 2. Injection
comparison group:
Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive care unit
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults
1. Percutaneous Fixation Of Bone 2. Immobilization By Bandaging 3. Splint immobilzation 4. Conservative Therapy 5. Non-Surgical Interventions 6. Application Of Long Arm Cast 7. Application Of Short Arm Cast 8. Immobilization Using Plaster Cast
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults
1. Antidepressants
comparison group:
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Modafinil for people with schizophrenia or related disorders
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery
1. Perioperative 2. Goal Directed Therapy
comparison group:
Treatments for primary delusional infestation
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults
1. Bone Immobilization 2. Shoulder Strapping 3. Arm Sling 4. Joint Immobilizer Device 5. Sling 6. Brace
comparison group:
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia
1. Placebo 2. Antipsychotic Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Rigid dressings versus soft dressings for transtibial amputations
1. Application Of Dressing, Soft Cast
comparison group:
Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Prophylaxis 3. Oral
comparison group:
Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
1. Rehabilitation Therapy Education 2. Arm, Brace Or Splint 3. Immobilization By Bandaging 4. Physiotherapy 5. Splint immobilzation 6. Home Exercise Program 7. Immobilization Physiotherapy 8. Implementation Of Immobilization Regime 9. Sling 10. Education About Immobilization 11. Immobilization By Sling 12. Bone Immobilization 13. Rehabilitation Therapy 14. Conservative Therapy 15. Joint Immobilizer Device 16. Physical therapy exercises 17. Brace 18. Splint
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non‐pharmacological interventions
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Peer support for people with schizophrenia or other serious mental illness
1. Psychosocial intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for treating venous leg ulcers
1. Non-Surgical Interventions 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Sham Intervention 2. Laser Ablation Of Prostate 3. Prostatectomy 4. Connective Radiofrequency Water Vapour Thermal Therapy 5. Prostatomembranous Urethrorrhaphy 6. Laser Enucleation Of The Prostate 7. Revision Of Transurethral Prostatectomy
comparison group:
Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Subacromial decompression surgery for rotator cuff disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Deep brain stimulation for dystonia
1. Lesional surgery 2. Sham Electrical Stimulation 3. Resective surgery
comparison group:
Effects of peri‐operative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐operative kidney function for adults with normal kidney function
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults
1. Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy 2. Endotracheal Tube
comparison group:
Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia
1. Piperacetazine
comparison group:
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia
1. Occupational Therapy 2. Healthcare Professional
comparison group:
Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD)
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Phosphate binders
comparison group:
Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients
1. Intensive Care Unit 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults
1. Placebo 2. Epidural Anesthesia
comparison group:
Psychological therapies for treatment‐resistant depression in adults
1. Antidepressants 2. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Increasing antipsychotic dose versus switching antipsychotic for non response in schizophrenia
1. Switching On Hearing Aid
comparison group:
Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for stones in the gallbladder and bile duct
1. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy 2. Endoscopic Incision Of Sphincter Of Oddi
comparison group:
Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
1. Other Antipsychotics 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Glucocorticoids - Systemic
comparison group:
Antipsychotic reduction and/or cessation and antipsychotics as specific treatments for tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury
1. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy 2. Intermittent Hemodialysis 3. Peritoneal Dialysis
comparison group:
Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma
1. Asthma Education
comparison group:
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction procedures for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease
1. Surgery 2. Surgical closure
comparison group:
Intensive case management for severe mental illness
1. Case Management 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers
1. Dressing Of Ulcer 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema
1. Usual Care 2. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
comparison group:
Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients
1. Cardiac Care 2. High Dose Opiate Anesthesia 3. Extubation Of Trachea 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease
1. Placebo 2. Manual Therapy 3. Physical therapy exercises
comparison group:
Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia
1. Antipsychotics 2. Placebo