anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials involving adults with a fracture of the distal radius, which compared percutaneous pinning with non‐surgical treatment or different aspects of percutaneous pinning. Our main outcomes were patient‐reported function at the short term (up to three months), medium term (three up to 12 months) and long term (greater than 12 months); overall numbers of participants with complications requiring secondary treatment and any complication; grip strength and health‐related quality of life at 12 months.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with participants aged 18 to 74 years with unipolar depression (based on criteria from DSM‐IV‐TR or earlier versions, International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10, Feighner criteria or Research Diagnostic Criteria) who had not responded to a minimum of four weeks of antidepressant treatment at a recommended dose. Interventions were:(1) increasing the dose of antidepressant monotherapy;(2) switching to a different antidepressant monotherapy;(3) augmenting treatment with another antidepressant;(4) augmenting treatment with a non‐antidepressant.All were compared with continuing antidepressant monotherapy. We excluded studies of non‐standard pharmacological treatments (e.g. sex hormones, vitamins, herbal medicines and food supplements).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years of age) with chronic neck pain (lasting > 12 weeks) that compared TENS alone or in combination with other treatments versus active or inactive treatments. The primary outcomes were pain, disability and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Modafinil for people with schizophrenia or related disorders
We selected all randomised controlled trials comparing modafinil with placebo or other treatments for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing perioperative RFT versus GDFT for adults (aged ≥ 18 years) undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Treatments for primary delusional infestation
Randomised controlled trials involving the treatment of adults with primary DI.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions for participants older than 12 years, who had developed a prodromal stage of psychosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults
We included all randomised and quasi‐randomised trials that compared surgical with conservative treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia
Randomised clinical trials focusing on aspirin for people with schizophrenia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rigid dressings versus soft dressings for transtibial amputations
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs that enrolled people with transtibial amputations. There were no restrictions on the age of participants and reasons for amputation. Trials that compared the effectiveness of rigid dressings with soft dressings were the main focus of this review.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that compared one prophylactic antibiotic with another in patients with COPD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
We included randomised studies that compared oral mucolytic therapy versus placebo for at least two months in adults with chronic bronchitis or COPD. We excluded studies of people with asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
We included randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing conservative interventions with no treatment, a different intervention or a variant of the intervention (e.g. a different duration) for treating people after closed reduction of a primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Inclusion was regardless of age, sex or mechanism of injury. Primary outcomes were re‐dislocation, patient‐reported shoulder instability measures and return to pre‐injury activities. Secondary outcomes included participant satisfaction, health‐related quality of life, any instability and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non‐pharmacological interventions
We included randomized controlled trials conducted in any setting where non‐pharmacological and miscellaneous interventions were employed to prevent acute HAI, including preacclimatization measures and the administration of non‐pharmacological supplements. We included trials involving participants who are at risk of developing high altitude illness (AMS or HACE, or HAPE, or both). We included participants with, and without, a history of high altitude illness. We applied no age or gender restrictions. We included trials where the relevant intervention was administered before the beginning of ascent.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Peer support for people with schizophrenia or other serious mental illness
We selected all randomised controlled clinical studies involving people diagnosed with schizophrenia or other related serious mental illness that compared peer support to standard care or other psychosocial interventions and that did not involve 'peer' individual/group(s). We included studies that met our inclusion criteria and reported useable data. Our primary outcomes were service use and global state (relapse).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for treating venous leg ulcers
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions that examined the use of SEPS independently or in combination with another intervention for the treatment of venous leg ulcers.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
We included parallel‐group randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster‐RCTs, as well as non‐randomised observational prospective studies with concurrent comparison groups in which participants with BPH who underwent Aquablation.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing immunonutrition versus a control or placebo nutritional formula in adults (aged 18 years or older) with ARDS, as defined by the Berlin definition of ARDS or, for older studies, by the American‐European Consensus Criteria for both ARDS and acute lung injury.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Subacromial decompression surgery for rotator cuff disease
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with rotator cuff disease (excluding full‐thickness tears), that compared subacromial decompression surgery with placebo, no treatment, or any other non‐surgical interventions. As it is least prone to bias, subacromial decompression compared with placebo was the primary comparison. Other comparisons were subacromial decompression versus exercises or non‐operative treatment. Major outcomes were mean pain scores, shoulder function, quality of life, participant global assessment of success, adverse events and serious adverse events. The primary endpoint for this review was one year. For serious adverse events, we also included data from prospective cohort studies designed to record harms that evaluated subacromial decompression surgery or shoulder arthroscopy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Deep brain stimulation for dystonia
Double‐blind, parallel, randomised, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DBS with sham stimulation, best medical care, or placebo in adults with dystonia.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Effects of peri‐operative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐operative kidney function for adults with normal kidney function
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs (RCTs in which allocation to treatment was obtained by alternation, use of alternate medical records, date of birth or other predictable methods) looking at the use of NSAIDs versus placebo for the treatment of post‐operative pain in patients with normal kidney function were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared use of laryngeal mask airways versus endotracheal tubes in critically ill adults undergoing elective PDT in the ICU, without injuries to or diseases of the face or neck. We imposed no restrictions with regard to language, timing or technique of PDT performed.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of perioperative alcohol cessation interventions on postoperative complications and alcohol consumption. We included participants with risky consumption of alcohol who were undergoing all types of elective or acute surgical procedures under general or regional anaesthesia or sedation, who were offered a perioperative alcohol cessation intervention or no intervention.We defined 'risky drinking' as alcohol consumption equivalent to more than 3 alcoholic units (AU)/d or 21 AU/week (with 1 AU containing 12 grams of ethanol) with or without symptoms of alcohol abuse or dependency. This corresponds to the amount of alcohol associated with increased postoperative complication rates in most clinical studies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for people with schizophrenia, reporting useable data.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared prophylactic antibiotics with placebo in patients with COPD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
We sought to find randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including people with acute COPD exacerbations comparing antibiotic therapy and placebo and providing follow‐up of at least seven days.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Occupational therapy delivered by specialists versus non‐specialists for people with schizophrenia
All randomised controlled trials evaluating the functional or clinical outcomes of occupational therapy, or both, for people with schizophrenia delivered by occupational therapists compared with occupational therapy for people with schizophrenia delivered by anyone other than occupational therapists.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD)
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of adults with CKD of any GFR category comparing a phosphate binder to another phosphate binder, placebo or usual care to lower serum phosphate. Outcomes included all‐cause and cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, adverse events, vascular calcification and bone fracture, and surrogates for such outcomes including serum phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and FGF23.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared automated sepsis‐monitoring systems to standard care (such as paper‐based systems) in participants of any age admitted to intensive or critical care units for critical illness. We defined an automated system as any process capable of screening patient records or data (one or more systems) automatically at intervals for markers or characteristics that are indicative of sepsis. We defined critical illness as including, but not limited to postsurgery, trauma, stroke, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, burns, and hypovolaemic or haemorrhagic shock. We excluded non‐randomized studies, quasi‐randomized studies, and cross‐over studies . We also excluded studies including people already diagnosed with sepsis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia
We sought all randomised controlled trials comparing oral fluphenazine with placebo relevant to people with schizophrenia. Primary outcomes of interest were global state and adverse effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults
We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of continuous perioperative IV lidocaine infusion either with placebo, or no treatment, or with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in adults undergoing elective or urgent surgery under general anaesthesia. The IV lidocaine infusion must have been started intraoperatively, prior to incision, and continued at least until the end of surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Psychological therapies for treatment‐resistant depression in adults
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with participants aged 18 to 74 years diagnosed with unipolar depression that had not responded to minimum four weeks of antidepressant treatment at a recommended dose. We excluded studies of drug intolerance. Acceptable diagnoses of unipolar depression were based onthe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV‐TR) or earlier versions, International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10, Feighner criteria, or Research Diagnostic Criteria. We included the following comparisons.1. Any psychological therapy versus antidepressant treatment alone, or another psychological therapy.2. Any psychological therapy given in addition to antidepressant medication versus antidepressant treatment alone, or a psychological therapy alone.Primary outcomes required were change in depressive symptoms and number of dropouts from study or treatment (as a measure of acceptability).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Increasing antipsychotic dose versus switching antipsychotic for non response in schizophrenia
All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing increasing the antipsychotic dose versus switching to a different antipsychotic drug for people with schizophrenia who have not responded to their initial antipsychotic treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for stones in the gallbladder and bile duct
We included randomised clinical trials that enrolled people with concomitant gallbladder and common bile duct stones, regardless of clinical status or diagnostic work‐up, and compared laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy procedures in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We excluded other endoscopic or surgical methods of intraoperative clearance of the bile duct, e.g. non‐aided intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or laparoscopic choledocholithotomy (surgical incision of the common bile duct for removal of bile duct stones).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Risperidone for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing rapid use of risperidone and other drugs, combinations of drugs or placebo for people exhibiting aggression or agitation (or both) thought to be due to psychosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Randomised controlled trials comparing different durations of systemic corticosteroid defined as short (i.e. seven or fewer days) or longer (i.e. longer than seven days). Other interventions—bronchodilators and antibiotics—were standardised. Studies with participants requiring assisted ventilation were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antipsychotic reduction and/or cessation and antipsychotics as specific treatments for tardive dyskinesia
We included reports if they assessed people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illnesses who had established antipsychotic‐induced TD, and had been randomly allocated to (a) antipsychotic maintenance versus antipsychotic cessation (placebo or no intervention), (b) antipsychotic maintenance versus antipsychotic reduction (including intermittent strategies), (c) specific antipsychotics for the treatment of TD versus placebo or no intervention, and (d) specific antipsychotics versus other antipsychotics or versus any other drugs for the treatment of TD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury
Randomised controlled studies with TBI participants were eligible if they compared an exercise programme incorporating cardiorespiratory fitness training to usual care, a non‐exercise intervention, or no intervention.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury
We included patients with AKI who were randomised to receive PD, extracorporeal therapy, or different PD modalities regardless of their age, sex, primary disease and clinical course.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma
We included parallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs), both blinded and unblinded, that evaluated written PAAPs in adults with asthma. Included studies compared PAAP alone versus no PAAP, and/or PAAP plus education versus education alone.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction procedures for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We included studies reported as full text, those published as abstract only and unpublished data, if available.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) only. We included studies involving participants of all ages and studies conducted in any setting. We considered studies involving people with both new and recurrent pilonidal sinus. We included studies which evaluated fibrin glue monotherapy or as an adjunct to surgery.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Intensive case management for severe mental illness
All relevant randomised clinical trials focusing on people with severe mental illness, aged 18 to 65 years and treated in the community care setting, where ICM is compared to non‐ICM or standard care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers
We searched for published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated PMM treatments for VLUs. We defined PMM treatments as those with a purposeful intent of reducing proteases. Wound healing was the primary endpoint.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica
We included randomised controlled trials (double‐blind, single‐blind, and open‐label) that assessed the efficacy of NSAIDs in sciatica. We included all trials that compared NSAIDs to placebo, to other NSAIDs, or to other medication. Additional interventions were allowed if there was a clear contrast for the treatment with NSAIDs in the trial.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema
We included RCTs that studied the safety and efficacy of LVRS in participants with diffuse emphysema. We excluded studies that investigated giant or bullous emphysema.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients
We included all randomized controlled trials of adult cardiac surgical patients (coronary artery bypass grafts, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement) that compared fast‐track cardiac care and conventional (not fast‐track) care groups. We focused on the following fast‐track interventions, which were designed for early extubation after surgery: administration of low‐dose opioid‐based general anaesthesia during cardiac surgery and use of a time‐directed extubation protocol after surgery. The primary outcome was risk of mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, reintubation within 24 hours of surgery, time to extubation, length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital, quality of life after surgery and hospital costs.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), irrespective of publication status, date of publication, blinding status, outcomes published or language. We contacted trial investigators and study authors to retrieve relevant and missing data.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised trials, including adults with rotator cuff disease, and comparing any manual therapy or exercise intervention with placebo, no intervention, a different type of manual therapy or exercise or any other intervention (e.g. glucocorticoid injection). Interventions included mobilisation, manipulation and supervised or home exercises. Trials investigating the primary or add‐on effect of manual therapy and exercise were the main comparisons of interest. Main outcomes of interest were overall pain, function, pain on motion, patient‐reported global assessment of treatment success, quality of life and the number of participants experiencing adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs that reported on back school for acute or subacute non‐specific LBP. The primary outcomes were pain and disability. The secondary outcomes were work status and adverse events. Back school had to be compared with another treatment, a placebo (or sham or attention control) or no treatment.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia
Randomised clinical trials comparing depot risperidone with other treatments for people with schizophrenia and/or schizophrenia‐like psychoses.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries
We included randomised controlled trials that compared the use of surgical and conservative interventions in participants with an ACL rupture. We included any trial that evaluated surgery for ACL reconstruction using any method of reconstruction, type of reconstruction technique, graft fixation or type of graft.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Care delivery and self management strategies for adults with epilepsy
We included randomised controlled trials, controlled or matched trials, cohort studies or other prospective studies with a control group, and time series studies.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of MCE in patients with chronic non‐specific LBP. We included trials comparing MCE with no treatment, another treatment or that added MCE as a supplement to other interventions. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability. We considered function, quality of life, return to work or recurrence as secondary outcomes. All outcomes must have been measured with a valid and reliable instrument.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Multi‐disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing multi‐disciplinary rehabilitation versus routinely available local services or lower levels of intervention; or trials comparing an intervention in different settings, of different intensities or of different timing of onset. Controlled clinical trials were included, provided they met pre‐defined methodological criteria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses
We included all randomised controlled trials of crisis‐intervention models versus standard care for people with severe mental illnesses that met our inclusion criteria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs evaluating rehabilitation as part of the management of fractures of the distal radius sustained by adults. Rehabilitation interventions such as active and passive mobilisation exercises, and training for activities of daily living, could be used on their own or in combination, and be applied in various ways by various clinicians.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Early versus delayed dressing removal after primary closure of clean and clean‐contaminated surgical wounds
Two review authors independently identified studies for inclusion. We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) conducted with people of any age and sex, undergoing a surgical procedure, who had their wound closed and a dressing applied. We included only trials that compared early versus delayed dressing removal. We excluded trials that included people with contaminated or dirty wounds. We also excluded quasi‐randomised studies, and other study designs.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Social skills programmes for schizophrenia
We included all relevant randomised controlled trials for social skills programmes versus standard care involving people with serious mental illnesses.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Cognitive‐behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the use of CBT in adults with subacute and chronic NP.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection
Randomised controlled trials comparing any plastic adhesive drape with no plastic adhesive drape, used alone or in combination with woven (material) drapes or disposable (paper) drapes, in patients undergoing any type of surgery. Ring drapes were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Supportive therapy for schizophrenia
All randomised trials involving people with schizophrenia and comparing supportive therapy with any other treatment or standard care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Hydrogel dressings for treating pressure ulcers
Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of hydrogel dressings with alternative wound dressings or no dressing in the treatment of pressure ulcers (stage II or above).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of protocolized weaning versus non‐protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomised controlled trials (QRCTs) that compared MD/OD with a MID (percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar or transforaminal lumbar discectomy, transmuscular tubular microdiscectomy and automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy) for treatment of adults with lumbar radiculopathy secondary to discopathy. We evaluated the following primary outcomes: pain related to sciatica or low back pain (LBP) as measured by a visual analogue scale, sciatic specific outcomes such as neurological deficit of lower extremity or bowel/urinary incontinence and functional outcomes (including daily activity or return to work). We also evaluated the following secondary outcomes: complications of surgery, duration of hospital stay, postoperative opioid use, quality of life and overall participant satisfaction. Two authors checked data abstractions and articles for inclusion. We resolved discrepancies by consensus.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Platelet‐rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries
We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials that compared platelet‐rich therapy with either placebo, autologous whole blood, dry needling or no platelet‐rich therapy for people with acute or chronic musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Primary outcomes were functional status, pain and adverse effects.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Bronchial thermoplasty for moderate or severe persistent asthma in adults
We included randomised controlled clinical trials that compared bronchial thermoplasty versus any active control in adults with moderate or severe persistent asthma. Our primary outcomes were quality of life, asthma exacerbations and adverse events.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Trifluoperazine versus placebo for schizophrenia
All available clinical randomised trials involving people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like illnesses that compare trifluoperazine with placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Enhanced care by generalists for functional somatic symptoms and disorders in primary care
We limited our literature search to randomised controlled trials (RCTs), primary care, and adults with functional somatic symptoms. Subsequently we selected studies including all of the following: 1) a trial arm with treatment as usual; 2) an intervention using a structured treatment model which draws on explanations for symptoms in broad bio‐psycho‐social terms or encourages patients to develop additional strategies for dealing with their physical symptoms, or both; 3) delivery of the intervention by primary care professionals providing first contact care; and 4) assessment of patient outcome.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
User‐held personalised information for routine care of people with severe mental illness
We included all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that:
i. have recruited adult participants with a diagnosis of a severe mental illness (specifically psychotic illnesses and severe mood disorders such as bipolar and depression with psychotic features); and
ii. compared any personalised and accessible clinical information held by the user beyond standard care to standard information routinely held such as appointment cards and generic information on diagnosis, treatment or services available.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica
RCTs involving traction to treat acute (less than four weeks' duration), subacute (four to 12 weeks' duration) or chronic (more than 12 weeks' duration) non‐specific LBP with or without sciatica.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of burn wound dressings on the healing of superficial and partial thickness burns.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults
Two authors independently assessed all potentially relevant trials. All published and unpublished randomised comparisons of ICS versus placebo in adults with subacute or chronic cough were included. Participants with known chronic respiratory disease and asthma were excluded. Studies of cough‐variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Nurse versus physician‐led care for the management of asthma
Randomised controlled trials comparing nurse‐led care versus physician‐led care in asthma for the same aspect of asthma care.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults
We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated PCNL (grouped by access size in French gauge [Fr] into three groups: ≥ 24 Fr [standard PCNL], 15–23 Fr [mini‐PCNL and minimally invasive PCNL], and < 15 Fr [ultra‐mini‐, mini‐micro‐, super‐mini‐, and micro‐PCNL]) versus RIRS.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Totally tubeless, tubeless, and tubed percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating kidney stones
We included randomized controlled and quasi‐randomized controlled trials of adult patients who received tubeless, totally tubeless, or standard PNL for treating kidney stones. We defined tubeless PNL as no nephrostomy tube, but ureteral stenting, while totally tubeless PNL meant no nephrostomy tube or ureteral stenting. Both interventions were compared to standard PNL with placement of a nephrostomy tube (only). We considered access tubes of any sizes. We only considered unilateral PNL with single‐tract access. There were no exclusions on stone composition, size, or location.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3) non‐diabetic chronic kidney disease
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of ACEi or ARB in people with early (stage 1 to 3) CKD who did not have DM were selected for inclusion. Only studies of at least four weeks duration were selected. Authors independently assessed the retrieved titles and abstracts and, where necessary, the full text to determine which satisfied the inclusion criteria.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies that assessed interventions aimed at improving health literacy in people with CKD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs evaluating the management of CRBSI in permanent CVCs in people receiving maintenance HD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of any intervention for MCD with nephrotic syndrome in adults over 18 years were included. Studies comparing different types, routes, frequencies, and duration of immunosuppressive agents and non‐immunosuppressive agents were assessed.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement therapy
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (parallel‐group and cross‐over studies), cluster RCTs and quasi‐RCTs that examined non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent clotting of extracorporeal circuits during CKRT.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aldosterone antagonists for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
We included parallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross‐over RCTs, and quasi‐RCTs (where group allocation is by a method that is not truly random, such as alternation, assignment based on alternate medical records, date of birth, case record number, or other predictable methods) that compared aldosterone antagonists with placebo or standard care in people with CKD requiring dialysis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement therapy
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs or cluster RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of pharmacological interventions to prevent clotting of extracorporeal circuits during CRRT.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults
We included randomized controlled trials of adults undergoing SWL. Participants in the intervention group had to have received an alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care. For the comparator group, we considered studies in which participants received placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs that compared aldosterone antagonists in combination with ACEi or ARB (or both) to other anti‐hypertensive strategies or placebo in participants with proteinuric CKD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs that compared any type of CCB with other CCB, different doses of the same CCB, other antihypertensives, control or placebo were included. The minimum study duration was 12 weeks.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with CKD requiring dialysis that compared oral protein‐based nutritional supplements to no oral protein‐based nutritional supplements or placebo.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs in which drug regimens, containing TOR‐I commenced within seven days of transplant, were compared to alternative drug regimens, were included without age restriction, dosage or language of report.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients
RCTs and quasi‐RCTs evaluating treatments for bone disease among kidney transplant recipients of any age were eligible.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross‐over RCTs, cluster RCTs and quasi‐RCTs were included in the review.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients
Studies comparing different catheter insertion techniques, catheter types, use of immobilisation techniques and different break‐in periods were included. Studies of different PD sets were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones
We included RCTs of ureteral stone passage in adult patients that compared alpha‐blockers versus standard therapy.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children
Randomized controlled trials of at least one year of MDI versus control for prevention of recurrent idiopathic (non‐syndromic) nephrolithiasis in children.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
All randomised controlled trials testing primary urate lowering therapy in patients with or without CKD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Terlipressin versus other vasoactive drugs for hepatorenal syndrome
Randomised clinical trials comparing terlipressin versus any other type of vasoactive drugs for hepatorenal syndrome. We allowed albumin and other cointerventions if provided equally in the comparison groups.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least three months' duration, comparing CERA with a different ESA (darbepoetin alfa or epoetin alfa or beta) or placebo or standard care or versus CERA with different strategies for administration in people with any stage of CKD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in all languages comparing all mono‐ and polyclonal antibody preparations, given in combination with any other immunosuppressive agents, for the treatment of cellular or humoral graft rejection, when compared to any other treatment for acute rejection were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies with placebo, no treatment, or other antibody therapy in adults and children who had received a kidney transplant.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Short‐acting erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anaemia in predialysis patients
We included randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing different frequencies, routes, doses and types of short‐acting ESAs in CKD patients.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for chronic kidney disease‐associated restless legs syndrome
Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi‐RCTs that assessed the efficacy of an intervention for RLS in adults with CKD were eligible for inclusion. Studies investigating idiopathic RLS or RLS secondary to other causes were excluded.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Steroid avoidance or withdrawal for kidney transplant recipients
All randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which steroids were avoided or withdrawn at any time point after kidney transplantation were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Isolation as a strategy for controlling the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in haemodialysis units
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs and cluster RCTs evaluating the clinical benefits and harms of isolating HCV‐infected patients during haemodialysis on the transmission of HCV to other patients. We considered incidence of dialysis‐acquired HCV infection, all‐cause mortality, and adverse effects associated with isolation as the primary outcomes.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Normal saline versus lower‐chloride solutions for kidney transplantation
RCTs of kidney transplant recipients that compared peri‐operative intravenous lower‐chloride solutions to normal saline were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in dialysis patients
Studies conducted in people with ESKD that reported at least 100 patient‐years of follow‐up and assessed the effect of therapies that are known to have homocysteine‐lowering properties were included.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Laparoendoscopic single‐site donor nephrectomy (LESS‐DN) versus standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared LESS‐DN with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in adults.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Antidepressants for treating depression in adults with end‐stage kidney disease treated with dialysis
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antidepressant treatment with placebo or no treatment, or compared to another antidepressant medication or psychological intervention in adults with ESKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2).
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents for preventing central venous haemodialysis catheter malfunction in patients with end‐stage kidney disease
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing anticoagulants compared with conventional care for the prevention of catheter malfunction in adult patients receiving haemodialysis for ESKD.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Pre‐emptive correction for haemodialysis arteriovenous access stenosis
We included all studies of any access surveillance method for early identification and pre‐emptive treatment of an AV access stenosis.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Early versus delayed erythropoietin for the anaemia of end‐stage kidney disease
We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs evaluating at the clinical benefits and harms of early versus delayed EPO for anaemia in patients with ESKD undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Studies comparing EPO with another EPO, placebo or no treatment were eligible for inclusion.
Provide selection criteria that should be included in the study
Mycophenolic acid versus azathioprine as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients
All RCTs about MPA versus AZA in primary immunosuppression after kidney transplantation were included, without restriction on language or publication type.