anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
comparison group:
Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries
1. Physiotherapy Manipulation 2. Rehabilitation Therapy 3. Conservative Therapy 4. Brace
comparison group:
Care delivery and self management strategies for adults with epilepsy
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain
1. Placebo 2. Muscular Control Development Exercise
comparison group:
Multi‐disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age
1. Usual Care 2. Functional Rehabilitation
comparison group:
Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults
1. Rehabilitation Therapy 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Early versus delayed dressing removal after primary closure of clean and clean‐contaminated surgical wounds
1. Wound Management Dressing 2. Wound dressing 3. Wound And Ulcer Preparations
comparison group:
Social skills programmes for schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive‐behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain
1. Placebo 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection
1. Surgical Patient Drape
comparison group:
Supportive therapy for schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Hydrogel dressings for treating pressure ulcers
1. Application Of Topical Agent To Skin 2. Wound Management Dressing 3. Hydrogel Dressing 4. Wound dressing 5. Wound And Ulcer Preparations
comparison group:
Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients
1. Weaning From Mechanically Assisted Ventilation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
1. Primary Lumbar Discectomy 2. Lumbar Microdiscectomy
comparison group:
Platelet‐rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Bronchial thermoplasty for moderate or severe persistent asthma in adults
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Trifluoperazine versus placebo for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Enhanced care by generalists for functional somatic symptoms and disorders in primary care
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
User‐held personalised information for routine care of people with severe mental illness
1. Usual Care 2. Information System
comparison group:
Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns
1. Wound dressing 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Nurse versus physician‐led care for the management of asthma
1. Physician 2. Asthma Management
comparison group:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults
1. Retrograde intrarenal surgery
comparison group:
Totally tubeless, tubeless, and tubed percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating kidney stones
1. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Without Disintegration
comparison group:
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3) non‐diabetic chronic kidney disease
1. Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease
1. Placebo 2. Health Literacy Enhancement
comparison group:
Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis
1. Replacement Of Catheter 2. Removal Of Catheter 3. Central venous catheter care 4. Antibiotic Therapy
comparison group:
Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
1. Chlorambucil 2. Cyclophosphamide 3. Corticosteroids 4. Sirolimus 5. Tacrolimus 6. Levamisole 7. Placebo 8. Rituximab 9. Cyclosporine 10. Azathioprine 11. Mycophenolic Acid 12. Everolimus
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement therapy
1. Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration 2. Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration
comparison group:
Aldosterone antagonists for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement therapy
1. Preventive
comparison group:
Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease
1. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients
1. Immunosuppressant
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients
1. Catheterization 2. Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
comparison group:
Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children
1. Preventive 2. Dietary Regime 3. Placebo 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Terlipressin versus other vasoactive drugs for hepatorenal syndrome
1. Vasoconstrictor agents
comparison group:
Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease
1. Darbepoetin Alfa 2. Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta 3. Placebo 4. Epoetin Alfa 5. Epoetin Beta
comparison group:
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
1. Monoclonal Antibodies 2. Polyclonal antibodies
comparison group:
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients
1. Immunosuppressant 2. Placebo 3. Monoclonal Antibodies 4. Polyclonal antibodies
comparison group:
Short‐acting erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anaemia in predialysis patients
1. Erythropoietin
comparison group:
Interventions for chronic kidney disease‐associated restless legs syndrome
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Steroid avoidance or withdrawal for kidney transplant recipients
1. Medication Withdrawal 2. Corticosteroids - Otological 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Isolation as a strategy for controlling the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in haemodialysis units
1. Isolation Of Infected Patient 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Normal saline versus lower‐chloride solutions for kidney transplantation
1. Colloids 2. Electrolyte Solutions 3. Crystalloids
comparison group:
Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in dialysis patients
1. Placebo 2. Low Dose 3. Usual Care 4. Homocysteine-lowering therapy
comparison group:
Laparoendoscopic single‐site donor nephrectomy (LESS‐DN) versus standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
1. Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy
comparison group:
Antidepressants for treating depression in adults with end‐stage kidney disease treated with dialysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents for preventing central venous haemodialysis catheter malfunction in patients with end‐stage kidney disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pre‐emptive correction for haemodialysis arteriovenous access stenosis
1. Surveillance 2. Doppler Ultrasonography Of Artery
comparison group:
Early versus delayed erythropoietin for the anaemia of end‐stage kidney disease
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Erythropoietin 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Mycophenolic acid versus azathioprine as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients
1. Immunosuppressive Therapy For Transplant 2. Azathioprine
comparison group:
Amphotericin B deoxycholate versus liposomal amphotericin B: effects on kidney function
1. Antifungals For Systemic Use 2. Amphotericin B
comparison group:
Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease
1. Dietary Regime 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non‐opioids for acute renal colic
1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug 2. Antispasmodic Agent 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Haemodiafiltration, haemofiltration and haemodialysis for end‐stage kidney disease
1. Hemodiafiltration 2. Hemofiltration 3. Haemodialysis 4. Acetate-free biofiltration
comparison group:
Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in kidney transplant recipients
1. Placebo 2. Low Dose 3. Usual Care 4. Homocysteine-lowering therapy
comparison group:
Bicarbonate‐ versus lactate‐buffered solutions for acute continuous haemodiafiltration or haemofiltration
1. Lactate 2. Dialysis fluid
comparison group:
Loop diuretics for patients receiving blood transfusions
1. Placebo 2. Fluid Restriction
comparison group:
Belatacept for kidney transplant recipients
1. Immunosuppressive Therapy 2. Drug Therapy 3. Placebo 4. Belatacept
comparison group:
Oral adsorbents for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Androgens for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease in adults
1. Erythropoietin 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria
1. Placebo
comparison group:
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for kidney transplant recipients
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Statins
comparison group:
Lipid‐lowering agents for nephrotic syndrome
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy for the passage of lower pole kidney stones following shock wave lithotripsy
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Higher versus lower fractions of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit
1. Oxygen Therapy 2. Low oxygenation strategy
comparison group:
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation
1. Bupropion 2. Combination Therapy 3. Placebo 4. Nicotine replacement therapy 5. Mecamylamine
comparison group:
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists 3. Inhaled
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo  for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Exercise‐based rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertension
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults
1. Placebo 2. Active control
comparison group:
Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Sham Intervention 2. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
comparison group:
Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults
1. Sham Intervention 2. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Sham Intervention 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care 2. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide for oral paraquat poisoning
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combination fixed‐dose beta agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma
1. Terbutaline 2. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists- Inhaled 3. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 4. Intermittent Administration 5. Placebo 6. Formoterol 7. Salbutamol 8. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Interventions for tobacco cessation delivered by dental professionals
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease
1. Inpatient Environment 2. Outpatient Environment 3. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
comparison group:
Prophylactic antibiotics for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta‐analysis
1. Antibacterials For Systemic Use 2. Prophylaxis 3. Placebo 4. Oral
comparison group:
Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Proton Pump Inhibitors 2. Placebo 3. Low Dose 4. Usual Care
comparison group:
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Breathing exercises for adults with asthma
1. Asthma Education
comparison group:
Oxygen therapy in the pre‐hospital setting for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Oxygen Therapy
comparison group:
Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation
comparison group:
Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Intensive Care Unit 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Sham Intervention 2. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation 3. Home
comparison group:
Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Print‐based self‐help interventions for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Inhaled Anticholinergics 2. Aclidinium Bromide 3. Placebo 4. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists 5. Inhaled
comparison group:
Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
comparison group:
Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Inhaled Anticholinergics 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Self‐management for bronchiectasis
1. Usual Care 2. Self-care Patient Education
comparison group:
Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Singing for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Pulmonary Rehabilitation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Nursing interventions for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Invasive versus non‐invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease and chest wall disorders
1. Invasive Ventilation
comparison group:
Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma
1. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists- Inhaled 2. Placebo 3. Ipratropium Bromide
comparison group:
Mesenchymal stem cells for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Corticosteroids - Otological 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist compared to other forms of triggered ventilation for neonatal respiratory support
1. Assisted Controlled Mandatory Ventilation 2. Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation 3. Controlled Ventilation
comparison group:
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
1. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological
comparison group:
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants
1. Corticosteroids - Opthamological and Otological
comparison group:
Shared decision‐making for people with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis
1. Active Cycle Of Breathing Technique 2. Autogenic Pulmonary Drainage 3. Physical therapy exercises 4. Postural Drainage Therapy 5. High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
comparison group:
Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and adults
1. Guidance Intent 2. Signs/symptoms-physical Surveillance
comparison group:
Culture‐specific programs for children and adults from minority groups who have asthma
1. Asthma Education 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Aerosolized prostacyclins for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
ProSeal versus Classic laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for positive pressure ventilation in adults undergoing elective surgery
1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation 2. General Anesthetics 3. Laryngeal Mask
comparison group:
Non‐invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Umeclidinium bromide versus placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Educational Material
comparison group:
Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use
1. Standardized Tobacco Packaging 2. Branded Tobacco Packaging
comparison group:
Lay‐led and peer support interventions for adolescents with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions to improve adherence to inhaled steroids for asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Asthma education for school staff
1. School
comparison group:
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychological therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Pulmonary Rehabilitation 2. Mental Health Care Education
comparison group:
Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
System change interventions for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease
1. Fluid Balance Regulation
comparison group:
Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Pneumococcal Vaccine 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma
1. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists- Inhaled 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Oxygen for breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
1. Medical Air
comparison group:
Upper limb exercise training for COPD
1. Sham Intervention 2. Lower Limb Exercises 3. Usual Care 4. Upper Limb Exercises
comparison group:
Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma
1. Guidance Intent 2. Signs/symptoms-physical Surveillance
comparison group:
Bronchodilators delivered by nebuliser versus pMDI with spacer or DPI for exacerbations of COPD
1. Dry Powder Inhaler 2. Inhaled Bronchodilator Therapy 3. Metered Dose Inhaler
comparison group:
Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Smoking Cessation Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care 4. Smoking Cessation Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Endothelin receptor antagonists for persistent pulmonary hypertension in term and late preterm infants
1. Placebo 2. Nitric Oxide 3. Pulmonary Vasodilator 4. Inhaled
comparison group:
Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma
1. Telehealth Monitoring 2. Home
comparison group:
Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Codeine versus placebo for chronic cough in children
1. Placebo 2. Oral
comparison group:
Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta2‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Tiotropium 2. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 3. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma
1. Glucocorticoids - Systemic 2. Oral
comparison group:
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department
1. Intravenous 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma
1. Clinic 2. Ongoing Review 3. Hospital
comparison group:
Breathing exercises for children with asthma
1. Not reported
comparison group:
High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in newborn infants
1. Weaning From Mechanically Assisted Ventilation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled non‐steroid anti‐inflammatories for children and adults with bronchiectasis
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta2‐agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) versus LABA/ICS for adults with asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Placebo 3. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists 4. Inhaled
comparison group:
Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
1. Animal-derived Surfactant 2. Prophylaxis
comparison group:
Addition of long‐acting beta2‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Placebo 3. High Dose
comparison group:
Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis
1. Sham Intervention 2. Deep Breathing And Coughing Exercises
comparison group:
Interventions for enhancing adherence to treatment in adults with bronchiectasis
1. Usual Care 2. Reinforcement Of Adherence To Treatment Regimen
comparison group:
Exercise training to improve exercise capacity and quality of life in people with non‐malignant dust‐related respiratory diseases
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Long‐acting beta2‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Tiotropium 2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children
1. Placebo 2. Oral
comparison group:
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children
1. Weight reduction regime 2. Corticosteroids - Otological 3. Lifestyle education 4. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation 5. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers for pulmonary arterial hypertension
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Tiotropium versus ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Ipratropium Bromide
comparison group:
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus the same dose of ICS alone for adults with asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled
comparison group:
Animal derived surfactant extract versus protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
1. Protein Free Surfactant
comparison group:
Prolonged antibiotics for non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults with asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled
comparison group:
Effects of opioid, hypnotic and sedating medications on sleep‐disordered breathing in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Stopping long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma well controlled by LABA and inhaled corticosteroids
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus addition of long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma
1. Vilanterol 2. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 3. Salmeterol 4. Formoterol
comparison group:
Stopping long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) for children with asthma well controlled on LABA and inhaled corticosteroids
1. Vilanterol 2. Glucocorticoids - Systemic 3. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 4. Salmeterol 5. Formoterol
comparison group:
Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
1. Volume Controlled Ventilation
comparison group:
Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients
1. Delayed Treatment 2. Tracheostomy
comparison group:
Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta2‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta2‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo 2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
1. Hypnotics And Sedatives
comparison group:
Pentoxifylline for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Aclidinium bromide for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Inhaled Anticholinergics 2. Placebo 3. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists
comparison group:
Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults
1. Weaning From Mechanically Assisted Ventilation 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Glucocorticoids - Systemic 2. Parenteral 3. Placebo 4. Oral
comparison group:
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the postoperative period for prevention of postoperative morbidity and mortality following major abdominal surgery
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta2‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with acute asthma in hospital
1. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists - Systemic 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Water‐based exercise for adults with asthma
1. Physical therapy exercises 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects on growth
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. High Dose 3. Inhaled
comparison group:
Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combination inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta2‐agonists for children and adults with bronchiectasis
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Written emotional disclosure for asthma
1. Sham Intervention
comparison group:
Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Exercise therapy
comparison group:
Mucolytics for bronchiectasis
1. Placebo 2. Oral 3. Inhaled
comparison group:
Long‐acting inhaled therapy (beta‐agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network meta‐analysis
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Vilanterol 2. Budesonide 3. Salmeterol 4. Placebo 5. Formoterol
comparison group:
Addition to inhaled corticosteroids of long‐acting beta2‐agonists versus anti‐leukotrienes for chronic asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
comparison group:
Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Exercise therapy
comparison group:
Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for chronic asthma in adults and children
1. Budesonide 2. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists - Systemic 3. Salmeterol 4. Formoterol 5. Fluticasone 6. Inhaled
comparison group:
Noninvasive positive‐pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure
1. Invasive Ventilation 2. Weaning From Mechanically Assisted Ventilation 3. Extubation Of Trachea
comparison group:
Antibody induction therapy for lung transplant recipients
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma
1. Asthma Self Management
comparison group:
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone added to corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory disease
1. Placebo 2. Corticosteroids - Systemic use
comparison group:
Prostaglandins before caesarean section for preventing neonatal respiratory distress
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta2‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Beclometasone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Inhaled
comparison group:
Beta2‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Physical training for asthma
1. Education 2. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma
1. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists - Systemic 2. Metered Dose Inhaler
comparison group:
Inspiratory muscle training for asthma
1. Sham Intervention 2. Inspiratory Muscle Training
comparison group:
Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta2‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Mometasone furoate 2. Fluticasone Propionate 3. Budesonide
comparison group:
Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta2‐agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children
1. Selective Beta-2-adrenoreceptor Agonists - Systemic 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta2‐agonist versus tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Tiotropium
comparison group:
Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Physician advice for smoking cessation
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including inhaled steroid maintenance), for chronic asthma in adults and children
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Swimming training for asthma in children and adolescents aged 18 years and under
1. Physical therapy exercises 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute cough in children
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
1. Mechanical ventilation
comparison group:
Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled 2. Low Dose 3. Ciclesonide
comparison group:
Intermittent versus daily inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma in children and adults
1. Corticosteroids - Inhaled
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia
1. Cognitive training 2. Exercise 3. Art Therapy 4. Usual Care 5. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia
1. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling
1. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants 2. Reversible inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase 3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 4. Mood stabilisers 5. Anticonvulsants 6. Melatonin Receptor Agonists 7. Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors 8. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor 9. Antidepressants 10. Placebo 11. Tricyclic antidepressant 12. Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but without dementia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes
1. Usual Care 2. Active control
comparison group:
Early pharmacological interventions for universal prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients
1. Usual Care 2. Active control
comparison group:
Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline
1. Sham Intervention 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive disorder
1. Electroconvulsive therapy 2. Drug Therapy 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression
1. Sham Intervention 2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 3. Electroconvulsive therapy 4. Antidepressants
comparison group:
Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults
1. Antidepressants 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis
1. Galantamine 2. Rivastigmine 3. Donepezil 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for self‐harm in adults
1. Drug Therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia
1. Usual Care 2. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community settings
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults with non‐communicable diseases
1. Drug Therapy 2. Psychotherapy 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Simulated presence therapy for dementia
1. Therapeutic Procedure 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
1. Psychological Counseling 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
1. Psychological Assessment 2. Trauma Therapy 3. Usual Care 4. Waiting list control 5. Attention Placebo Control
comparison group:
Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
1. Intensive Care Unit 2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions 3. Placebo
comparison group:
Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder
1. Preventive 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Benzodiazepines for catatonia in people with schizophrenia or other serious mental illnesses
1. Electroconvulsive therapy 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines for adults with major depression
1. Antidepressants
comparison group:
Psychological therapies for preventing seasonal affective disorder
1. Preventive 2. Melatonin 3. Light Therapy 4. Antidepressants 5. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 6. Integrative Psychotherapy 7. Agomelatine 8. Activity Of Daily Living Procedures And Interventions 9. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 10. Behavioral Therapy 11. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Memantine for dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia
1. Sham Intervention 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults
1. Preventive 2. Melatonin 3. Light Therapy 4. Antidepressants 5. Placebo 6. Activity Of Daily Living Procedures And Interventions 7. Agomelatine
comparison group:
Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people with schizophrenia
1. Psychosocial Care 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non‐ICU settings
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care 3. Anticholinesterases
comparison group:
Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Couple therapy for depression
1. Antidepressants 2. Psychotherapy
comparison group:
Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following non‐cardiac and non‐neurosurgical procedures in adults
1. Surgical Department 2. Clinical Observation Regime
comparison group:
Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression
1. Preventive 2. Placebo 3. Usual Care
comparison group:
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid agonists for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Calcium channel blockers for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Cholinergic medication for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse
1. Other Antipsychotics
comparison group:
Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Non‐antipsychotic catecholaminergic drugs for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Dopaminergic Agents
comparison group:
Anticholinergic medication for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
1. Other Antipsychotics 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1. Antipsychotics 2. Benzodiazepine 3. Placebo 4. Drug Therapy
comparison group:
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia
1. Other Antipsychotics 2. Injection Of Depot Antipsychotic Agent 3. Placebo 4. Oral
comparison group:
Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia
1. Penfluridol
comparison group:
Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Vortioxetine for depression in adults
1. Antidepressants 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia
1. Antipsychotics 2. Monotherapy
comparison group:
Communication skills training for mental health professionals working with people with severe mental illness
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Assistive technology for memory support in dementia
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia
1. Clotiapine
comparison group:
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia
1. Metiapine
comparison group:
Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia
1. Other Antipsychotics 2. Clozapine
comparison group:
Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders
1. Voluntary Care
comparison group:
Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care
1. Usual Care
comparison group:
Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1. Placebo 2. Usual Care
comparison group:
Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis
1. Antipsychotics 2. Anticonvulsants 3. Benzodiazepine 4. Placebo
comparison group:
Haloperidol plus promethazine for psychosis‐induced aggression
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Valproate for schizophrenia
1. Antipsychotics 2. Placebo
comparison group:
Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline
1. Antihypertensive agents 2. Recommendation To Continue With Drug Treatment
comparison group:
Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults
1. Antidepressants 2. Benzodiazepine 3. Waiting list control
comparison group:
Bifeprunox versus placebo for schizophrenia
1. Placebo
comparison group:
Psychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma
1. Preventive 2. Usual Care 3. Waiting list control