anurajms/meta_analysis huggingface dataset:
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Infant isolation and cohorting for preventing or reducing transmission of healthcare‐associated infections in neonatal units
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Oral contraceptives containing drospirenone for premenstrual syndrome
1. Premenstrual Tension Syndrome 2. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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Opioids for procedural pain in neonates
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Procedural Pain 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Preterm Infant
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Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates
1. Neonate 2. Necrotizing Enterocolitis 3. Birth to 1 mo 4. Sepsis 5. Antibiotic Therapy
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Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
1. Enteral nutrition 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Preterm Infant
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Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Procedural Pain 4. Birth to 1 mo
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Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Pregnant 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. HIV infection 7. Aged 65-79 years 8. Hepatitis B
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Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates
1. Neonate 2. Healthcare Professional
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Comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating the psychological consequences of sexual abuse in children and adolescents: a network meta‐analysis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Sexual Abuse 5. Birth to 1 mo 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Multiple Sclerosis 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Aged 65-79 years 7. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Interventions for the symptoms and signs resulting from jellyfish stings
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Jellyfish Sting 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Infection due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Autism Spectrum Disorder 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Interleukin‐6 blocking agents for treating COVID‐19: a living systematic review
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. COVID-19 4. Adult 19-44 years 5. Child 6-12 years 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Very Low Birth Weight Infant 4. Preterm Infant
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Lactoferrin for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery
1. Gastrointestinal Surgery 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates
1. Neonate 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Endotracheal intubation
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Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Preterm Infant
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Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Antiseptic solutions for skin preparation during central catheter insertion in neonates
1. Neonate 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Central venous catheter care
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Personalised interventions for subgroups of children with conduct problems
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Conduct Disorder
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Fecal transplantation for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Infant 1 to 23 mo 5. Aged 65-79 years 6. Adolescent 13-18 years 7. Adult 19-44 years 8. Crohn's Disease 9. Middle Aged 45-64 years 10. Ulcerative Colitis 11. Young Adult 19-24 years 12. Birth to 1 mo 13. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 4. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Airway clearance techniques compared to no airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Surgery 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants
1. Acute Bronchiolitis 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Procedural Pain 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old
1. Acute Bronchiolitis 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Preterm Infant 4. Respiratory Distress
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Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo
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Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 4. Hyperkinetic Conduct Disorder 5. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
1. Neonate 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Very Low Birth Weight Infant 4. Preterm Infant
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Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Strabismus 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Systemic corticosteroid regimens for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Preterm Infant
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Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Traumatic Hyphema 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Ultrasound‐guided arterial cannulation in the paediatric population
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Ataluren and similar compounds (specific therapies for premature termination codon class I mutations) for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Genetic Mutation 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Surgery 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Kidney disease 4. Adult 19-44 years 5. Child 6-12 years 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Henoch-Schonlein purpura 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Kidney disease 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Kidney injury 8. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Functional abdominal pain disorder 4. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Stem cell‐based interventions for the prevention and treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage and encephalopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
1. Extremely Preterm Infant (<28 weeks) 2. Intraventricular Hemorrhage 3. Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Preterm Infant
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Antibiotics for chronic pulmonary infection in children with a neurodisability (neurodevelopmental disorder)
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Neuromuscular Procedure 4. Infant 1 to 23 mo 5. Neuromuscular Disorders 6. Birth to 1 mo 7. Cerebral Palsy 8. Neurodevelopmental Disorder 9. Chronic Disease Of Respiratory System 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Aggressive Behavior 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Intellectual Disability 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Vitamin D for the management of asthma
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Adolescent 13-18 years 7. Asthma
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Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years 11. Dislocation Of Knee
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Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Community Acquired Pneumonia
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Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Osteoporosis 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Cystic Fibrosis 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Glucocorticoids for croup in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Laryngotracheitis 6. Spasmodic Croup 7. Croup 8. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Low Birth Weight Infant 3. Preterm Infant 4. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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Late (≥ 7 days) inhaled corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Preterm Infant 3. Mechanical ventilation 4. Oxygen Supplementation
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Vaccines for the common cold
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Healthy 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Homeopathic medicinal products for preventing and treating acute respiratory tract infections in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Acute Respiratory Tract Infection 4. Infant 1 to 23 mo 5. Birth to 1 mo 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Positive 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Cystic Fibrosis 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Family‐centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well‐being by primary healthcare services
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Indigenous 4. Birth to 1 mo
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Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Middle Aged 45-64 years 4. Young Adult 19-24 years 5. Intravenous Cannulation 6. Aged 65-79 years
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Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Neurotmesis Of Peripheral Nerve 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years 12. Peripheral Nerve Injuries
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Statins for Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Smith-lemli-opitz Syndrome 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Pseudomonal Infections 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management in newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Term infant (37-41 weeks) 3. Birth to 1 mo 4. Hypothermia Treatment 5. Late Preterm Infant (34-36 weeks) 6. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
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Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies
1. Intending to breastfeed 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Pregnant 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Breastfeeding 7. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Biomarkers as point‐of‐care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in people with acute respiratory infections in primary care
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Acute Respiratory Infections 8. Primary healthcare services 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Uveitis 4. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 5. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six months of age
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Developmental Hip Dysplasia 3. Birth to 1 mo
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Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Asthma exacerbation 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years 10. Asthma
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Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Keloid Scar 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Hypertrophic Scar 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Solid Organ Transplant 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID‐19
1. COVID-19
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Water for wound cleansing
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Wound 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Solid Organ Transplant 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria
1. Malaria-endemic area
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Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Focal epilepsy 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Urinary Tract Infection 7. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school‐based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use
1. Adult 19-44 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Middle Aged 45-64 years 4. Student 5. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Memantine for autism spectrum disorder
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Autism Spectrum Disorder 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder 7. Aged 65-79 years 8. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Aged 65-79 years 8. Adolescent 13-18 years 9. Asthma
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Child protection training for professionals to improve reporting of child abuse and neglect
1. Adult 19-44 years 2. Middle Aged 45-64 years 3. Young Adult 19-24 years
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Short‐acting inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Exercise versus airway clearance techniques for people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Cystic Fibrosis 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil‐transmitted helminth infection
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Soil-transmitted helminth endemic area 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in hospitalized children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Hospitalization 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Digital interventions to improve adherence to maintenance medication in asthma
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Aged 65-79 years 8. Adolescent 13-18 years 9. Asthma
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Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Ulcerative Colitis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
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Community‐based interventions for improving mental health in refugee children and adolescents in high‐income countries
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Refugee 4. Mental state 5. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Music therapy for autistic people
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Autism Spectrum Disorder 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Epilepsy 5. Birth to 1 mo 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Hirschsprung's Disease 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Surgical Wound 5. Infant 1 to 23 mo 6. Primary closure 7. Wound Closure 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years 10. Adult 19-44 years 11. Middle Aged 45-64 years 12. Young Adult 19-24 years 13. Birth to 1 mo
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Acute Viral Bronchiolitis 4. Birth to 1 mo
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Prophylactic cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor drugs for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta‐analysis
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Low Birth Weight Infant 3. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Functional constipation 5. Birth to 1 mo 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Unconditional cash transfers for reducing poverty and vulnerabilities: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Poverty 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Vulnerable population 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants
1. Neonate 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Hypoglycemia
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Systemic interventions for treatment of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Infant 1 to 23 mo 5. Stevens-johnson Syndrome 6. Aged 65-79 years 7. Adolescent 13-18 years 8. Adult 19-44 years 9. Middle Aged 45-64 years 10. Young Adult 19-24 years 11. Stevens Johnson Syndrome And Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Overlap 12. Birth to 1 mo 13. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Due To Drug
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1. Very Preterm Infant (28-31 weeks) 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Hospitalization 4. Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Extended‐release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Middle Aged 45-64 years 4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Aged 65-79 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Clonazepam monotherapy for treating people with newly diagnosed epilepsy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Epilepsy 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Deciduous teeth
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Amblyopia
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Ischemic Stroke 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Obesity 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Aged 65-79 years 7. Overweight
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for neonates
1. Neonate 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Birth to 1 mo 4. Endotracheal intubation
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Common Cold 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
1. Very Preterm Infant (28-31 weeks) 2. Extremely Preterm Infant (<28 weeks) 3. Birth to 1 mo 4. Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant 5. Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Rapid versus slow withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Epilepsy 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Bronchiectasis 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Crowding Of Teeth 4. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years 11. Posterior Crossbite
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Interventions for treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Cystic Fibrosis 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Interventions for preventing distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Middle Aged 45-64 years 5. Cystic Fibrosis 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Anemia 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 3. Disability 4. Adult 19-44 years 5. Child 6-12 years 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Family Support 8. Parent 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Caregiver 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea
1. Adult 19-44 years 2. Primary Dysmenorrhea 3. Young Adult 19-24 years 4. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Autogenic drainage for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Cystic Fibrosis 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Antibiotic therapy for chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Burkholderia Cepacia Complex Infection 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Cystic Fibrosis 9. Young Adult 19-24 years 10. Birth to 1 mo 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Chemotherapy for second‐stage human African trypanosomiasis: drugs in use
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. African Trypanosomiasis 8. Aged 65-79 years 9. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Sore Throat 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Psychotic Depression 4. Adult 19-44 years 5. Child 6-12 years 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Carisbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Epilepsy 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Infant 1 to 23 mo 3. Fluid therapy 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Bronchiolitis
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 10. Decreased Respiratory Function 11. Aged 65-79 years 12. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Low Birth Weight Infant 3. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Topiramate for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Non‐corticosteroid adjuvant therapies for acute bacterial meningitis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Bacterial Meningitis 4. Adult 19-44 years 5. Child 6-12 years 6. Middle Aged 45-64 years 7. Infant 1 to 23 mo 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Healthy 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Aged 65-79 years 8. Adolescent 13-18 years 9. Asthma
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Child 6-12 years 4. Pneumonia 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Young Adult 19-24 years 7. Healthy 8. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Child 6-12 years 3. Infant 1 to 23 mo 4. Birth to 1 mo 5. Healthy 6. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children
1. Infant 1 to 23 mo 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Dependence On Ventilator 2. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Of Newborn 3. Birth to 1 mo 4. Dependence On Supplemental Oxygen 5. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Decision coaching for people making healthcare decisions
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Healthcare Decision Making 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Antiepileptic drugs for seizure control in people with neurocysticercosis
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Neurocysticercosis 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Phototherapy for atopic eczema
1. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 2. Adult 19-44 years 3. Middle Aged 45-64 years 4. Atopic Dermatitis 5. Young Adult 19-24 years 6. Aged 65-79 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Intermittent Urethral Catheterization 7. Bladder Care Management 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants
1. Enteral nutrition 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Breast Fed 4. Parenteral nutrition 5. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
1. Dependence On Ventilator 2. Birth to 1 mo 3. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or anti‐immunoglobulin‐E agents, for people with asthma
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Aged 65-79 years 10. Adolescent 13-18 years 11. Asthma
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants
1. Birth to 1 mo 2. Preterm Infant
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic‐exposed children and adults
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Exposure to Arsenic 8. Young Adult 19-24 years 9. Birth to 1 mo 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years
Provide patient population that should be included in the study
Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy
1. Child, Preschool 2-5 years 2. Aged 80 and over 80+ years 3. Adult 19-44 years 4. Child 6-12 years 5. Middle Aged 45-64 years 6. Infant 1 to 23 mo 7. Young Adult 19-24 years 8. Birth to 1 mo 9. Root Canal Retreatment 10. Aged 65-79 years 11. Adolescent 13-18 years