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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application Nos. 2004-342469 and 2005-083022, filed in Japan on Nov. 26, 2004 and Mar. 23, 2005, respectively. The entirety of each of the above-identified applications is incorporated herein by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to a joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement that is applied to a structural member.  
         [0004]     2. Description of Background Art  
         [0005]     It is known in the background art to reinforce a structure against antiseismic activity. In particular, it is known to use an antiseismic reinforcement member, such as a brace, that is connected at an intersection between a column and beam to reinforce a structure against antiseismic activity.  
         [0006]     In the situation where a structure is made of a steel skeleton, a metal fitting for connecting the antiseismic reinforcement member to a column or beam is typically fixed by welding at an intersection between a column and beam on site.  
         [0007]     In the situation where a structure is a reinforced concrete structure or a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure, a steel framework has been used to install the antiseismic reinforcement member.  
         [0008]     In addition, other inventions for connecting an antiseismic reinforcement member are known in the background art. For example, a structure that uses a metal fitting to fix an antiseismic reinforcement member to a column of a reinforced concrete structure or a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure is known in the background art (hereinafter referred to as “background art 1”). The metal fitting is made of a steel plate having a convex cross-section and is fixed using a high-strength fiber sheet.  
         [0009]     In addition, a structure that uses a pin fitted into a through-hole formed in a beam to fix an antiseismic reinforcement member to the structure is known in the background art (hereinafter referred to as “background art 2”).  
         [0010]     Furthermore, a structure that uses a through-hole formed in a beam and a PC steel rod to fix a pedestal of an antiseismic reinforcement member to the structure is known in the background art (hereinafter referred to as “background art 3”).  
         [0011]     In addition, a structure that uses an anchor bolt to fix a metal fitting for connecting an antiseismic reinforcement member to a column and beam, which are made of reinforced concrete, is known in the background art (hereinafter referred to as “background art 4”).  
         [0012]     In the situation where welding is used on site to fix a reinforcement member to a steel skeleton structure; however, the following problems may arise:  
         [0013]     (1) if an improper condition for welding, such as upward-welding or welding that requires an uncomfortable body position, exists, a welding strength having low reliability may result;  
         [0014]     (2) an area around the weld has to be protected by covering with proper materials;  
         [0015]     (3) if there is a concrete slab formed on the beam, chipping of the concrete may be required to gain access to the underlying steel; and  
         [0016]     (4) in the case of a preexisting building, the chipping of the concrete cannot be carried out while people are living in and using the building because of the significant noise of chipping the concrete, which leads to a longer time of construction.  
         [0017]     Also, in the case of a reinforced concrete structure or a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure, a steel framework has to be set up in a limited space, which also leads to a longer time of construction.  
         [0018]     Furthermore, in the case of a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure, reinforcing bars inside may be an obstacle to using a long anchor.  
         [0019]     In the background art 1, the use of a high-strength fiber sheet increases the cost of construction.  
         [0020]     In the background art 2, the method may only be applied to an isolated column. Otherwise the construction would have to be extended to an adjacent area.  
         [0021]     In the background art 3, a PC steel rod inserted through the beam is used for fixing a pedestal of the antiseismic reinforcement member to the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to drill the concrete slab to form the through-hole. The drilling causes noise and vibration. Also, a concrete strength that matches the tensile force of the PC steel rod is required.  
         [0022]     In the background art 4, the method cannot be applied if the concrete is not thick enough.  
         [0023]     With regard to the methods according to the background art for setting up a brace as an antiseismic reinforcement member, as mentioned above, there are known methods that fix the brace by welding on site with respect to a steel skeleton structure and fix the brace after installing a steel framework. However the methods according to the background art experience some difficulty in their application, including noise and dust problems.  
         [0024]     The inventor of the present invention has proposed a joint structure for an antiseismic reinforcement member, which enables the problems associated with the joint structures in the background arts 1, 2 and 3 to be avoided. In addition, the time of construction and the cost of connecting can be reduced. Furthermore, the area of construction can be limited to the area in question, so that the adjacent area can be used as usual. It is also possible to provide an increased endurance of the joint.  
         [0025]     This prior invention from the present inventor can solve the problems of noise and dust, but cannot ensure a large load-bearing. The reasons that this prior invention cannot ensure a large load-bearing is as follows:  
         [0026]     (1) the metal fitting part is directly fixed to the slab concrete;  
         [0027]     (2) consequently, a tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member causes a tensile force in addition to a shearing force to be applied to the concrete slab; and  
         [0028]     (3) the concrete slab is locally destroyed at the place where the tensile force is applied.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0029]     An object of the present invention is to provide a joint structure, wherein the metal fitting is not fixed onto the face of a concrete slab. However, a constraining member, independent from the metal fitting, is fixed onto the concrete slab to receive an applied force. This structure enables the brace to bear a large load. Accordingly, the above-mentioned problems can be solved.  
         [0030]     In the present specification, the terms “connect,” “connecting” or “connected” are used to describe parts that are “fixed” or “joined” to each other. The terms “fix,” “fixing” and “fixed” are used to describe parts that are fastened or bonded to each other. Finally, the terms “join,” “joining” and “joined” are used to describe parts that are not fixed to each other, but are merely placed on each other.  
         [0031]     The above objects of the present invention can be accomplished by a joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement, comprising:  
         [0032]     a first structural member,  
         [0033]     a second structural member, said first and second structural members forming an intersection therebetween;  
         [0034]     an antiseismic reinforcement member; and  
         [0035]     a metal fitting, said metal fitting connecting said antiseismic reinforcement member to the intersection between the first and second structural members,  
         [0036]     wherein one part of the metal fitting is fixed to the first structural member using a fastener, and another part of the metal fitting is not fixed to the second structural member, and a constraining member is fixed to the second structural member at a location close to or abutting an edge portion of the metal fitting, the constraining member bearing a force applied to the metal fitting.  
         [0037]     The above objects of the present invention can also be accomplished by a joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement, comprising:  
         [0038]     a straight structural member,  
         [0039]     a pair of antiseismic reinforcement members; and  
         [0040]     a metal fitting connecting each of the pair of antiseismic reinforcement members to the straight structural member in a different direction from each other,  
         [0041]     wherein the metal fitting is not fixed to the straight structural member and a pair of constraining members to bear a force to be applied to the metal fitting is fixed to the straight structural member, each of the pair of constraining members is located close to or abutting opposite edge portions of the metal fitting.  
         [0042]     The above objects of the present invention can also be accomplished by a joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement, comprising:  
         [0043]     at least one structural member having a longitudinal axis,  
         [0044]     at least one antiseismic reinforcement member, each antiseismic reinforcement member having a longitudinal axis located in a plane that is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the structural member, the longitudinal axis of the antiseismic reinforcement member being inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the structural member; and  
         [0045]     a metal fitting connecting each of the antiseismic reinforcement members to the structural member,  
         [0046]     wherein the metal fitting is not fixed to the structural member, at least one constraining member is fixed to the structural member close to or abutting an edge portion of the metal fitting, and the constraining member bears a force applied to the metal fitting in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the structural member.  
         [0047]     According to the present invention, a metal fitting to be connected to two structural members at an intersecting portion thereof is joined to one of the two structural members in the manner where the applied force can be received as a shearing force. Therefore no great tensile force is applied to a slab of the structural member, which makes it possible to effectively transmit the force to a stud connector on the beam to result in a high load bearing force of the concrete slab.  
         [0048]     Furthermore, with respect to a steel skeleton structure, a reinforced concrete structure or a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure, since no chipping of the concrete slab is necessary, there is no harmful effect to the area around the joint structure during assembly. This makes it possible to install the antiseismic reinforcement member while people are using the structure. In addition, it is unnecessary to clean up the area around the joint structure after assembly of the joint structure. Since welding on site, which results in a low reliability of welding strength, is not employed, a more reliable joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement can be provided.  
         [0049]     If a size of a gusset plate of the metal fitting is selected to have an appropriate stiffness so as to be able to follow a deformation of the structural member caused by an earthquake, detachment of the metal fitting from the structural member during an earthquake can be prevented. This leads to a joint structure for highly antiseismic reinforcement. This can be applied to any structure such as a steel skeleton structure, a reinforced concrete structure and a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure.  
         [0050]     Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0051]     The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:  
         [0052]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0053]      FIG. 2 ( a ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0054]      FIG. 2 ( b ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-Il of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0055]      FIG. 2 ( c ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of  FIG. 2 ( a );  
         [0056]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0057]      FIG. 4 ( a ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0058]      FIG. 4 ( b ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0059]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0060]      FIG. 6 ( a ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of  FIG. 5 ;  
         [0061]      FIG. 6 ( b ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of  FIG. 5 ;  
         [0062]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0063]      FIG. 8 ( a ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII of  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0064]      FIG. 8 ( b ) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0065]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0066]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0067]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0068]      FIG. 12  illustrates a joint structure for an antiseismic reinforcement member according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0069]      FIG. 13  is an explanatory diagram of a detailed joint structure for the antiseismic reinforcement member according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0070]      FIG. 14  is an explanatory diagram of another detailed joint structure for the antiseismic reinforcement member according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0071]     The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0072]      FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate the first embodiment of the present invention, where an antiseismic reinforcement is connected at the intersection of two structural members. The two structural members are a column  1  made of a square steel tube and a beam  2  made of an H-shaped steel beam having a concrete slab  3  formed thereon. A metal fitting  5  is used to connect an antiseismic reinforcement member  4 , such as a brace, at an intersection between the column  1  and the beam  2 . The metal fitting  5  includes a first plate  6  that is fixed to a face of the column  1 , a second plate  7  that is placed on the concrete slab  3  and a gusset plate  8  that is welded to the first plate  6  and the second plate  7 , respectively, in the perpendicular direction. The antiseismic reinforcement member  4  is fixed via a splice plate  10  to the gusset plate  8  using bolts  11 .  
         [0073]     The first plate  6  of the metal fitting  5  is fixed to the column  1  with a plurality of high-tensile bolts  12 . However the second plate  7  is merely placed on the upper face of the concrete slab  3 , but is not fixed thereto. In other words, the second plate  7  is joined to the upper face of the concrete slab  3 . The second plate  7  is not fixed to the upper face of the concrete slab  3 . In the background art, the metal fitting  5  is used to transmit a tensile force applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4 , due to an earthquake or the like, to the column  1  and the beam  2  through the concrete slab  3 . Therefore, in the background art, the metal fitting  5  would be fixed to both of the column  1  and the beam  2 . In the first embodiment of the present invention; however, the second plate  7  is merely placed on or joined to the concrete slab  3 . Therefore, the metal fitting  5  cannot transmit a tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  to the concrete slab  3  and to the beam  2  through a stud bolt  21  on the beam  2 .  
         [0074]     The tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  applied to the metal fitting  5  can be divided into a vertical component force in the direction of lifting the metal fitting and a horizontal component force in the lateral direction. In view of this, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the vertical component force is designed to be transmitted to the column  1  by fixing the first plate  6  to the column  1  using the high-tensile bolts  12 . The horizontal component force is designed to be transmitted to the beam  2  as an axial force through the concrete slab  3  and the stud bolt  21  by setting a constraining member on the concrete slab  3  which can counteract the horizontal component force.  
         [0075]     More specifically, a constraining member  14  that is made of a steel plate is bonded on the concrete slab  3  very close to or abutting an edge portion  13  of the second plate  7 . The constraining member  14  is made of a rectangular steel plate having a proper size (area) and thickness and being fixed with an adhesive  15 , such as an epoxy-resin-based adhesive, on the upper face of the concrete slab  3 . It is preferable for the levels of both edge portions  13  and  16  of the second plate  7  and the constraining member  14 , respectively, to be the same, so that the edge portion  16  of the constraining member  14  bears the horizontal force provided to the edge portion  13  of the second plate  7 . However, if the height of each of the edge portions  13  and  16  is different from each other due to a thickness of the adhesive  15 , a spacer  17  made of a metal plate should be bonded underneath the edge portion  16  of the constraining member  14 .  
         [0076]     A tensile force applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  due to an earthquake causes a vertical force to the first plate  6  and horizontal force to the second plate  7  of the metal fitting  5 . The vertical force is received by the column  1  through the high-tensile bolt  12  fixing the first plate  6  to the column  1 , and the horizontal force applied to the second plate  7  is received by the constraining member  14  and is transmitted to the beam  2  as an axial force through the adhesive  5 , concrete slab  3  and the stud bolt  21  on the beam  2  to be borne by the concrete slab  3 . The horizontal force causes a shearing force in the adhesive  15 .  
         [0077]     When the horizontal force acts on the second joining plate  7  while fixing the first joining plate  6  on the column  1  with the high-tensile bolt  12 , an upward moment around the bolt fixing portion as a rotation center works on the edge portion  13  of the second joining plate  7 . To counter this upward moment, a post-construction anchor  19  is embedded in the concrete slab  3 . A screw part of the post-construction anchor  19  extends out of the concrete slab  3  at a location close to the edge portion  16  through the spacer  17 . The screw part is fastened with a nut  18 .  
         [0078]     One type of post-construction anchor  19  is a chemical anchor. In order to use a chemical anchor, the concrete slab  3  is drilled to form a hole. Two kinds of capsules, each of which contains one component of a two-component-mixing-type fixing agent, are put in the hole. The bolt is then inserted into the hole to break the capsules, mix the two components and fix the bolt on the concrete slab  3  when the fixing agent solidifies. Another type of post-construction anchor  19  is a mechanical anchor. In this type of anchor, an expansion portion expands in a hole drilled in the concrete slab  3  by pushing a bolt thereinto to anchor the bolt in the concrete slab  3 .  
         [0079]     The use of a post-construction anchor can reliably prevent the edge portion  16  of the constraining member  14  from being bent upward from the upward moment of the edge portion  13  of the second joining plate  7 . Furthermore, stiffening ribs  20  are set on the upper face of the edge portion  16  of the constraining member  14  to prevent the edge portion  16  of the constraining member  14  from being locally bent upward. A height and width of the stiffening rib  20 , and the number of the stiffening ribs  19  are determined in terms of the necessary stiffness.  
         [0080]     According to the aforementioned joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement, the horizontal force, caused by a tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4 , applied to the metal fitting  5  can be borne as an axial force in the concrete slab  3  and a shearing force in the adhesive  15 . Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete of the concrete slab  3  unlike the structure according to the background art, which prevents the concrete slab  3  from being destroyed during an earthquake, for example.  
         [0081]     When a compressive force is experienced by the antiseismic reinforcement member  4 , the force applied to the metal fitting  5  can be transmitted to a structural member (column  1 ) as a bearing force, since one side of the metal fitting  5  opposite the constraining member  14  abuts the structural member (column  1 ) in the first embodiment.  
         [0082]      FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a constraining member  14  comprises a base plate  22 , which is fixed to the concrete slab  3  with the adhesive  15 . In addition, a constraining plate  23  is formed on the base plate  22  located close to the edge portion  13  of the second plate  7 . The base plate  22  extends underneath the second plate  7  to the corner formed at the intersection between the column  1  and the beam  2  with the concrete slab  3 . The second plate  7  is not fixed to the base plate  22 ; the second plate is merely placed on the base plate  22 . The constraining plate  23  counteracts an upward force from the second plate  7 . To prevent the base plate  22  from lifting, a screw part of the post-construction anchor  19  extending out of the base plate  22  at a location close to the constraining plate  23  is fastened with a nut  18 . The other aspects of the second embodiment are the same as in the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0083]     According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal force, caused by a tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4 , applied to the metal fitting  5  can be borne as an axial force in the concrete slab  3  and a shearing force in the adhesive  15 . Therefore, a tensile force from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  is not locally applied to the concrete of the concrete slab  3 . In view of this, the concrete slab  3  is prevented from being destroyed.  
         [0084]      FIGS. 5 and 6  illustrate the third embodiment of the present invention,  FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate the fourth embodiment of the present invention and  FIGS. 9, 10  and  11  illustrate the fifth embodiment of the present invention, respectively. Each of the third, fourth and fifth embodiments illustrate examples where each of the joint structures for antiseismic reinforcement in the first and second embodiments is applied to a reinforced concrete structure. In the third and fourth embodiments, one of plates of the metal fitting  5  is fixed to the concrete slab  3  and the other is not fixed to the column  1 . Therefore, the elements of the third and fourth embodiments have an opposite positional relationship compared to the embodiments 1 and 2. Specifically, the location of the fixed plate of the metal fitting  5  is located on the beam  2 , instead of the column  1 . Furthermore, in the third embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the not-fixed joint structure of the first embodiment is applied and in the fourth embodiment of  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the not-fixed joint structure of the second embodiment is applied. Hereinafter, the recitation “not fixed” means “placed but not fixed,” and the recitation “not-fixed joint structure” means a joint structure that uses a part that is not directly fixed to the underlying column or beam. In other words, two parts that are “not fixed” to each other are “joined” to each other.  
         [0085]     In the third embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the second plate  7  of the metal fitting  5  is fixed to a reinforced concrete beam  24  or a concrete slab  3  using a post-construction anchor  26  such as the chemical anchor. Described above. The first plate  6  of the metal fitting  5  is not fixed to a side face of the reinforced concrete column  25 . However, a constraining member  14  with a stiffening rib  20 , which is the same as in the first embodiment, is fixed to the reinforced concrete column  25  with an adhesive  15 .  
         [0086]     According to the third embodiment, the vertical force caused from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  applied to the metal fitting  5  can be borne by the constraining member  14  fixed to the reinforced concrete column  25  via the first plate  6 . Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete of the reinforced concrete column  25 . This prevents the concrete from being destroyed.  
         [0087]     In the fourth embodiment of  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the second plate  7  of the metal fitting  5  is fixed to a reinforced concrete beam  24  or a concrete slab  3  using a post-construction anchor  26  such as a chemical anchor. The first plate  6  of the metal fitting  5  is not fixed to a side face of the reinforced concrete column  25 . As in the second embodiment, the base plate  22  extends underneath the first plate  6  to reach the corner formed at the intersection between the column and beam (the concrete column  25  and concrete beam  24 ). The base plate  22  is fixed to the reinforced concrete column  25  with the adhesive  15  and has a constraining plate  23  formed thereon located close to the edge portion  16  of the first plate  6 . The constraining plate  23  counteracts the vertical force applied to the first joining plate  6 . To prevent the base plate  22  from lifting locally away from the concrete column  25 , a screw part of a post-construction anchor  19  that extends out of the base plate  22  at a location close to the constraining plate  23  is fastened with a nut  18 .  
         [0088]     According to the fourth embodiment, the vertical force caused from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  applied to the metal fitting  5  can be borne by the constraining plate  23  fixed to the reinforced concrete column  25  via the first plate  6 . Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete of the reinforced concrete column  25 . This prevents the concrete from being destroyed.  
         [0089]      FIGS. 9, 10  and  11  illustrate the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fifth embodiment illustrates an example where a reinforced concrete structure made of a reinforced concrete column  25  and a reinforced concrete beam  24  include a metal fitting  5  having a not-fixed joint structure applied to both the column  25  and the beam  24 . That is, the first plate  6  and the second plate  7  of the metal fitting  5  are not fixed to the side face of the reinforced concrete column  25  and the upper face of the concrete slab  3 , respectively. The not-fixed joining structure between the first joining plate  6  and the reinforced concrete column  25  is the same as the not-fixed joining structure illustrated in  FIG. 5  of the third embodiment. More specifically, with respect to the first plate  6 , a spacer  17  is located very close to or abutting an edge of the first plate  6  and a constraining member  14  with a stiffening rib  20  is fixed to the reinforced concrete column  25  using an adhesive  15 . A post-construction anchor  19  extends through the spacer  17  and is fastened by a nut  18 . Likewise, with respect to the second joining plate  7 , a spacer  17  is located very close to or abutting an edge of the second plate  7  and a constraining member  14  with a stiffening rib  20  is fixed to the concrete slab  3  using an adhesive  15 . A post-construction anchor  19  extends through the spacer  17  and is fastened by a nut  18 .  
         [0090]     According to the fifth embodiment, a tensile force applied on the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  due to an earthquake causes a vertical force with in the first plate  6  and horizontal force in the second plate  7  of the metal fitting  5 . The vertical force is received by the constraining member  14  fixed on the reinforced concrete column  25  from the first plate  6  and is further transmitted to the reinforced concrete column  25  as an axial force via the adhesive  15 . The adhesive  15  experiences a shearing force when transferring the vertical force to the reinforced concrete column  25 . In addition, the horizontal force is received by the constraining member  14  fixed on the concrete slab  3  from the second joining plate  7 . The horizontal force is transmitted to the concrete slab  3  as an axial force via the adhesive  15 . The adhesive  15  experiences a shearing force when transferring the vertical force to the concrete slab  3 . Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete of the reinforced concrete column  25  or the concrete slab  3 . This prevents the concrete from being destroyed.  
         [0091]     A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described below, wherein the same or similar elements in the first to fifth embodiments will be identified by using the same reference numerals.  
         [0092]     As shown in  FIG. 12 , a steel skeleton structure  39  includes columns  1  erected at certain intervals and beams  2  bridged between the columns  1 . A metal fitting (joint structure)  41  is used to connect an antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  to another antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b.  The first antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  extends in a diagonally right direction from a diagonal point  40   a  made by the column I and beam  2 . The other antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b  extends in a diagonally left direction from the diagonal point  40   b  made by column  1  and beam  2 .  
         [0093]     In this steel skeleton structure  39 , when the upper beam  2  moves toward the L (arrow L) direction relative to the lower beam  2  in  FIG. 12  due to an earthquake, a tensile force is applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  and a compressive force is applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b.  This results in a force in the P (arrow P) direction being applied to the joint structure  41  and the force toward the R (arrow R) direction being applied to the joint structure  41 . However, since a vertical component force in the P direction and in the R direction cancel one another out, only a horizontal force is applied to the joint structure  41 .  
         [0094]     Likewise when the upper beam  2  moves toward the M (arrow M) direction relative to the lower beam  2  in  FIG. 12  due to an earthquake, a compressive force is applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  and a tensile force is applied to the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b,  which results in the force in the Q (arrow Q) direction being applied to the metal fitting (joint structure)  41  and the force in the S (arrow S) direction being applied to the metal fitting (joint structure)  41 . In a similar manner to that described above with regard to the beam  2  moving in the L direction, the vertical component forces cancel one another out, leaving only a horizontal force being applied to the joint structure  41 .  
         [0095]      FIG. 13  describes the details of the joint structure  41 . The metal fitting (joint structure)  41  includes a plate  47  placed on a concrete slab  3  and a gusset plate  8  welded orthogonally to the joining plate  47 . The antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  is connected via a splice plate  10  to the gusset plate  8  using bolts  11 . Likewise, the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b  is connected via a splice plate  10  to the gusset plate  8  using bolts  11 . The gusset plate  8  has a guiding rib ( 9 ) (the guiding rib  9  on the far side is not shown) on both sides.  
         [0096]     Constraining members  14  and  14  that are made of a steel plate are respectively located close to or abutting on edge portions  13   a  and  13   b,  respectively, of the plate  47 . The constraining members  14  are respectively fixed via an adhesive  15  such as an epoxy-resin-base adhesive onto an upper face of the concrete slab  3 .  
         [0097]     Thus, the constraining members  14  and  14  immobilize the plate  47 . Therefore, when a horizontal force acts on the plate  7 , an upward moment is applied to the edge portion of the constraining member  14 . To counter this upwards moment, a post-construction anchor  19  is embedded in the concrete slab  3 . A screw part of the anchor  19  extends out at a location close to the edge portion  16  and is fastened with a nut  18 .  
         [0098]     When the movement of the beam  2  towards the L arrow direction causes the tensile force P to be applied to the metal fitting (joint structure)  41  via the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  as described above, the tensile force P can be divided into two components of force. Specifically, a Px component force in the x direction and a Py component force in the y direction as shown in  FIG. 13 . Likewise, the compressive force R applied to the metal fitting (joint structure)  41  via the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b  can be divided into an Rx o component force in the x direction and a Ry component force in the y direction.  
         [0099]     It is understood that Py and Ry cancel one another out and Px and Rx are added together. Therefore, when the beam  2  moves in the L arrow direction, a horizontal force that is equal to the sum of Px and Rx is applied via the edge portion  13   a  to the constraining member  14 . Since the constraining member  14  is fixed to the concrete slab  3  with an adhesive  15 , the horizontal force is received as a shearing force to the slab face and can be transmitted via the stud on the beam to the beam as an axial force.  
         [0100]     Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete slab  3  unlike in the joint structure according to the background art. This prevents the concrete slab  3  from being destroyed.  
         [0101]     When the movement of the beam  2  toward the M arrow direction causes the tensile force S to be applied to the joint structure  41  via the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b  as described above, the tensile force S can be divided into two components of force. Specifically, an Sx component force in the x direction and an Sy component force in the y direction as shown in  FIG. 13 . Likewise, the compressive force Q applied to the joint structure  41  via the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  can be divided into a Qx component force in the x direction and a Qy component force in the y direction.  
         [0102]     It is understood that Sy and Qy cancel one another out and Sx and Qx are added together. Therefore, when the beam  2  moves in the L arrow direction, a horizontal that is equal to the sum of Sx and Qx is applied via the edge portion  13   b  to the constraining member  14 . Since the constraining member  14  is fixed to the concrete slab  3  with an adhesive  15 , the horizontal force is received as a shearing force to the slab face and can be transmitted via the stud on the beam to the beam as an axial force.  
         [0103]     Therefore, a tensile force is not locally applied to the concrete slab  3  unlike in the background art joint structure. This prevents the concrete slab  3  from being destroyed.  
         [0104]     It is preferable that each of the elements included in the joint structure  41  is formed symmetrical about line V if an angle formed by the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   a  and the concrete slab  3  is equal to an angle formed by the antiseismic reinforcement member  4   b  and the concrete slab  3 . However, if the two angles are different, and the elements cannot be formed symmetric, a length of one constraining member  14  can be set different from a length of another constraining member  14  so that the degree of shearing force each adhesive  15  can bear is optimized.  
         [0105]     A variation of the sixth embodiment  6  is shown in  FIG. 14  where a constraining member  14  includes a base plate  22 , which is fixed to the concrete slab  3  with the adhesive  15 . Constraining plates  23 ,  23  are formed on the base plate  22  located close to the edge portions  13   a  and  13   b,  respectively, of the plate  47 . The base plate  22  extends underneath the joining plate  47 . The variation of the sixth embodiment will not be further described, since the operation is the same as the second embodiment.  
         [0106]     In  FIG. 14 , a horizontal force applied to the metal fitting  41  caused by a tensile stress and a compressive stress from the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  can be received as a shearing force applied to the adhesive  15 . Therefore, a tensile force of the antiseismic reinforcement member  4  is not locally applied to the concrete slab  3  unlike in the background art joint structure. This prevents the concrete slab  3  from being destroyed.  
         [0107]     It should be noted that although in the above-described sixth embodiment, the joint structure of the present invention is applied to a concrete slab  3  cast on a beam  2  of a steel skeleton structure  39 , the invention is not limited to the above-described one but can be applied to any straight structural member.  
         [0108]     Furthermore, it should be noted that although in the above-described sixth embodiment, the joint structure of the present invention is applied to a steel skeleton structure  39 , the invention is not limited to the steel skeleton structure but can be applied, for example, to an RC structure.  
         [0109]     According to the present invention, a metal fitting to be connected to two structural members at an intersection thereof is joined to one of the two structural members in a manner where the applied force can be received as a shearing force. Therefore, no great tensile force is applied to a slab of the structural member. This makes it possible to effectively transmit the force to a stud connector on the beam to result in a high load bearing force of the concrete slab.  
         [0110]     Furthermore, with respect to a steel skeleton structure, a reinforced concrete structure or a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure, chipping of the concrete slab is not required. Therefore, there is no harmful effect experienced at locations above and below the joint structure. This makes it possible to carry out antiseismic reinforcement while people are using the structure. In addition, it may not be necessary to, for example, clean up the area after chipping. This enables the required time period for assembly of the joint structure to be reduced. Since welding on site in the background art results in a weld that is low in reliability with regard to the welding strength, a more reliable joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement can be provided.  
         [0111]     If the size of a gusset plate of the metal fitting is selected to have an appropriate stiffness so as to be able to follow a deformation of the structural member caused by an earthquake, detachment of the metal fitting from the structural member during an earthquake can be prevented. This leads to a joint structure that has an antiseismic reinforcement that is increased. The joint structure can be applied to any structures such as a steel skeleton structure, a reinforced concrete structure and a steel skeleton reinforced concrete structure.  
         [0112]     In the above-described embodiment, the on-the-beam stud bolt  21  is fixed to the steel beam  2  as an anti-slippage part. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to a stud bolt. Any other type of anti-slippage device such as welding can also be used. In that case, the same description of the on-the-beam stud bolt  21  can be applied.  
         [0113]     The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Summary:
A joint structure for antiseismic reinforcement includes at least one structural member having a longitudinal axis and at least one antiseismic reinforcement member. Each antiseismic reinforcement member has a longitudinal axis located in a plane that is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the structural member. The longitudinal axis of the antiseismic reinforcement member is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the structural member. A metal fitting connects each of the antiseismic reinforcement members to the structural member. The metal fitting is not fixed to the structural member. At least one constraining member is fixed to the structural member close to or abutting an edge portion of the metal fitting. The constraining member bears a force applied to the metal fitting in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the structural member.