Intervention: Sulforaphane
Trial phase: Phase 2
SMILES: C[S@@](=O)CCCCN=C=S
Sex: Male
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 20
Group description: Sulforaphane given 200μmol (total daily) orally in four 50μmol capsules taken once daily from Week 1 Day 1 to Week 20 Day 7. On days when clinic visits are required patient must wait to take that day's dose until instructed to do so in clinic
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Histopathologically or cytologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with either a prostatectomy or definitive radiation (external beam or brachytherapy

Protocol-Specific Prostate Working Group 2 (PCWG2) Criteria: rising PSA after definitive therapy

For post surgical patients: the nadir reference value (#1) is the last PSA measured before increases are documented, with subsequent values obtained a minimum of 1 week apart; if the PSA at time point 3 (value #3A) is greater than that at point 2, then eligibility has been met; if the PSA is not greater than point 2 (value #3B), but value #4 is, the patient is eligible assuming that other criteria are met and values 3A or #4 are 1.0 ng/mL or higher
For post radiation therapy patients: the nadir reference value (#1) is the last PSA measured before increases are documented, with subsequent values obtained a minimum of 1 week apart; if the PSA at time point 3 (value #3A) is greater than that at point 2, then eligibility has been met; if the PSA is not greater than point 2 (value #3B), but value #4 is, the patient is eligible assuming that other criteria are met and if values 3A or #4 are 2.0 ng/mL or more above the nadir reference value (#1) according to Phoenix/American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) criteria
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status <= 2

The following laboratory results within 4 weeks prior to starting study treatment:

White blood cells (WBC) >= 3000/mm^3
Neutrophil >= 1,500/mm^3
Platelet >= 100,000/mm^3
Serum creatinine =< upper limit of normal (ULN)
Albumin > 3.0 gm/dL
Total bilirubin < 1.5 X ULN
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 1.5 X ULN
Testosterone level >= 150ng/dL, and no evidence of progression while on prior hormonal therapy, if applicable (i.e. patient must be non-castrate resistant).
Prior androgen therapy is allowed as long as the patient did not progress while on therapy.
The following imaging scans within 12 weeks prior to starting study treatment: Whole Body Bone Scan: computed tomography (CT) Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis w/ contrast; NOTE: if contrast medium for CT scan is contraindicated for the patient, documentation of this is required and a CT scan with contrast will not be required; subject still must obtain a CT without contrast, though.
Willingness to use effective contraception by study participants or their female partners throughout the treatment period and for at least 2 months following treatment
Signed informed patient consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) within 3 months prior to starting treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

Significant active medical illness which in the opinion of the investigator would preclude protocol treatment
Measurable and/or evaluable recurrent prostate cancer by imaging (CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and bone scan performed within 12 weeks prior to starting treatment) or by physical exam
Prior investigational therapy within 30 days prior to starting study treatment
Prior treatment with a known histone deacetylase inhibitor (including but not limited to valproic acid, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA],Panobinostat (LBH589), etc) within 6 months prior to starting study treatment or while on study therapy
Concurrent systemic treatment for prostate cancer
Current treatment with warfarin
Gastrointestinal ailments which would interfere with the ability to adequately absorb sulforaphane
Allergy to cruciferous vegetables
Any condition which, in the opinion of the study clinician, would make participation in the study harmful to the patient