Intervention: Lemborexant
Trial phase: Phase 1
ATC code: N05CJ02 | N05CM21
SMILES: Cc1ncc(OC[C@@]2(c3cccc(F)c3)C[C@H]2C(=O)Nc2ccc(F)cn2)c(C)n1
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Participants at risk: 8
Group description: Healthy participants matched to participants with hepatic impairment in Cohorts A and B (with regards to age, sex, BMI) received lemborexant 10 mg administered as a tablet, orally in the morning on Day 1 of the 14-day Treatment Period.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria for All Participants:

Male or female participants, ages 18 to 79, inclusive, at the time of informed consent
Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18 and 40 kilograms per meters squared, inclusive, at Screening
Voluntary agreement to provide written informed consent, and the willingness and ability to comply with all aspects of the protocol
Nonsmokers or smokers who smoke 20 cigarettes or less per day
For Cohorts A and B: stable (without any change in disease status for at least 60 days prior to study Screening) hepatic impairment conforming to Child-Pugh classification A or B, respectively, and documented by medical history and a physical examination
For Cohort C: healthy participants matched to participants with hepatic impairment with regard to age (±10 years), sex, and BMI (±20%), and as determined by no clinically significant deviation from normal in medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and clinical laboratory determinations

Exclusion Criteria:

Exclusion Criteria for All Participants:

Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant at Screening or Baseline
Females of childbearing potential who did not use a highly effective method of contraception within 28 days before study entry, or who did not agree to use an approved method of contraception from 28 days before study entry, throughout the entire study period, and for 28 days after study drug discontinuation. Approved (highly effective) methods of contraception for this study included at least one of the following: 1. Total abstinence (if it was their preferred and usual lifestyle); 2. An intrauterine device or intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS); 3. A double-barrier method of contraception such as condom plus diaphragm with spermicide; 4. A contraceptive implant; 5. An oral contraceptive (with additional barrier method). Participant must have been on a stable dose of the same oral contraceptive product for at least 28 days before dosing, throughout the study, and for 28 days after study drug discontinuation; 6. Have a vasectomized partner with confirmed azoospermia. (Note: All females will be considered to be of childbearing potential unless they are postmenopausal (amenorrheic for at least 12 consecutive months, in the appropriate age group, and without other known or suspected cause) or have been sterilized surgically (i.e., bilateral tubal ligation, total hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy, all with surgery at least 1 month before dosing).
Known to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus
Currently enrolled in another clinical study or used any investigational drug or device within 4 weeks, or 5 times the half-life of the investigational drug (whichever is longer), preceding informed consent
Receipt of blood products within 4 weeks, or donation of blood within 8 weeks, or donation of plasma within 1 week of dosing until study discharge
Intake of herbal preparations containing St. John's Wort within 4 weeks prior to dosing until study discharge
Intake of nutritional supplements (including herbal preparations), foods or beverages that may affect cytochrome P3A enzyme (e.g., alcohol, grapefruit, grapefruit juice, grapefruit-containing beverages, apple or orange juice, vegetables from the mustard green family [e.g., kale, broccoli, watercress, collard greens, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, mustard] and charbroiled meats) within 1 week before dosing until study discharge
Intake of beverages, food, or other products that contain caffeine from 24 hours before until 48 hours after dosing with lemborexant
Engagement in strenuous exercise (e.g., moving large bulky items, bodybuilding) within 2 weeks prior to check-in until study discharge
History of clinically significant drug or food allergies, or is presently experiencing significant seasonal allergies
A prolonged QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval (QTc >480 milliseconds) demonstrated on ECG at Screening or Baseline (Day -1)
Any major surgery within 4 weeks of study drug administration
Any history of abdominal surgery that may affect pharmacokinetics of lemborexant (e.g., hepatectomy, nephrectomy, digestive organ resection)
Inability to tolerate oral medication
Inability to tolerate venous access and/or venipuncture
Unwilling to abide by the study requirements, or in the opinion of the investigator, is not likely to complete the study

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Hepatically Impaired Participants (Cohorts A and B):

In addition to the Exclusion Criteria listed above for all participants, other standard exclusion criteria for participants with hepatic impairment will be used. These include:

Any significant acute medical illness (such as new conditions or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions) within 8 weeks of dosing
Medical conditions which are not adequately and stably controlled on stable doses of medications or which, in the clinical opinion of the Principal Investigator, may interfere with study procedures or participant safety within 4 weeks before dosing (e.g., psychiatric disorders and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, respiratory system, endocrine system, hematological system, neurological system, or cardiovascular system, or participants who have a congenital abnormality in metabolism)
History of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding within the past 6 months unless the participant has completed a course of endoscopic therapy with the appropriate documentation (e.g., endoscopy report) of successful ablation of esophageal varices; participants with esophageal varices may be included if not bleeding within the past 6 months or have been treated adequately by ablation therapy, as specified above.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis within 3 months of dosing
Treatment with plasmapheresis within 6 months of dosing
Primarily cholestatic liver diseases (e.g., primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis)
Current or recent (within 3 months prior to Screening) history of significant gastrointestinal disease other than that secondary to hepatic impairment
Autoimmune liver disease
Active alcoholic hepatitis determined either clinically or by histology
History of hepatoma or metastatic disease of the liver
Presence of severe ascites or edema
Presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome or hydrothorax, or hepatorenal syndrome
Known significant bleeding diathesis that could preclude multiple venipunctures (international normalization ratio >2.5)
Creatinine clearance <60 milliliters per minute at Screening or Baseline as calculated using Cockroft and Gault Equation
The participant's standard therapy/concomitant medication for diseases related to cirrhosis has not remained stable/unchanged for at least 14 days before the first dose of study drug
History of drug or alcohol dependency or abuse within 4 weeks prior to Screening, or those who have a positive urine drug test or breath alcohol test at Screening or Baseline unless a prescribed medication for the underlying condition is the cause of the positive urine screen

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants (Cohort C):

In addition to the Exclusion Criteria listed above for all participants, other standard exclusion criteria for healthy participants in Phase 1 studies will be used. These include:

Presence of active liver disease, or acute liver injury, as indicated by (1) an abnormal liver function test, or (2) clinical or laboratory signs of active viral hepatitis (including B and C, as demonstrated by positive serology at Screening)
Clinically significant illness, within 4 weeks prior to dosing, that requires medical treatment or may influence the outcome of the study; e.g., psychiatric disorders and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, respiratory system, endocrine system, hematological system, neurological system, or cardiovascular system, or participants who have a congenital abnormality in metabolism
Any abnormal finding based on physical examination, assessment of vital signs, ECG, or laboratory test results that require treatment or clinical follow-up based on the investigator's opinion
History of drug or alcohol use disorder within the 2 years prior to Screening, or those who have a positive urine drug test or breathalyzer alcohol test at Screening or Baseline
Use of any prescription drugs within 4 weeks prior to dosing until study discharge
Intake of any over-the-counter medications within 2 weeks prior to dosing until study discharge