Intervention: Apaziquone
Trial phase: Phase 3
SMILES: Cn1c(/C=C/CO)c(CO)c2c1C(=O)C=C(N1CC1)C2=O
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 21
Group description: Participants were randomized to receive first dose of 4 mg of apaziquone by intravesical administration into the bladder at 60 ± 30 minutes post TURBT on Day 1 via an indwelling 100% Silicone Foley catheter. Followed by second dose of 4 mg of apaziquone by intravesical administration via an indwelling catheter on Day 15 (±5 days).
Eligibility criteria:
Participant must have had a diagnosis with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with clinically apparent tumor Ta, G1-G2.
Participant had ≤4 tumors, none of which exceeded 3.5 cm in diameter.
Participant must have been willing to give written informed consent, able to adhere to dosing and visit schedules, and meet all study requirements.
Participant was at least 18 years of age at randomization.
Participant must have been willing to practice two forms of contraception, one of which must have been a barrier method, from study entry until at least 35 days after the last dose of the study drug.
Female participant of childbearing potential must have had a negative pregnancy test within 30 days prior to randomization. Female participant who was postmenopausal for at least 1 year (defined as more than 12 months since last menses) or were surgically sterilized did not require this test.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participant had an active concurrent malignancy/life-threatening disease. If there was a history of prior malignancies/life-threatening diseases, the participant was to be disease-free for at least 5 years. Participant with other prior malignancies less than 5 years before study entry could have still been enrolled if they had received treatment resulting in complete resolution of the cancer and currently had no clinical, radiologic, or laboratory evidence of active or recurrent disease.
Participant had positive urine cytology for malignancy at Screening.
Participant had an active uncontrolled infection, including a urinary tract infection, underlying medical condition, or other serious illness that would impair the ability of the participant to receive protocol treatment.
Participant had used any investigational drugs, biologics, or devices within 30 days prior to study treatment or planned to use any of these during the course of the study.
Participant had any prior intravesical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or previous exposure to apaziquone.

Participant had or has ever had

Upper tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC).
Urethral tumor (prostatic urethra included).
Any invasive bladder tumor known to be other than tumor Ta, G1-G2.
Any evidence of lymph node or distant metastasis.
Any bladder tumor with histology other than TCC.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS).
Participant had a tumor in a bladder diverticulum.
Participant had received any pelvic radiotherapy (including external beam and/or brachytherapy.)
Participant had a bleeding disorder or a screening platelet count <100×10^9/L.
Participant had screening hemoglobin <10 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Participant had any unstable medical condition that would make it unsafe to undergo TURBT.
Participant had a history of interstitial cystitis.
Participant had a history of allergy to red color food dye.
For a participant with a recurrent tumor, the participant had at least a 6-month cystoscopically-confirmed tumor-free interval between the last tumor recurrence and screening cystoscopic examination.
Participant was pregnant or breast-feeding.