Intervention: Nabiximols
Trial phase: Phase 3
ATC code: N02BG10
SMILES: C=C(C)C1CCC(C)=CC1c1c(O)cc(CCCCC)cc1O.CCCCCc1cc(O)c2c(c1)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)=CC21
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 124
Group description: Contains Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 27 mg/ml: cannabidiol (CBD), 25 mg/ml delivered in 100 microlitre actuations by a pump action oromucosal spray. Maximum permitted dose was 48 actuations (THC 130 mg: CBD 120 mg) in 24 hours.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Willing and able to give informed consent.
Male or female, aged 18 years or above.
Stable disease for at least three months prior to study entry, in the opinion of the investigator.
Diagnosed with MS whose spasticity was not wholly relieved with the therapy at the time of study entry.
Significant spasticity in at least two muscle groups defined as a score of two or more on the Ashworth Scale for each muscle group.
Stable dose of current anti-spasticity medication for at least 30 days prior to study entry.
Willing to maintain a stable dose of anti-spasticity medication and level of physiotherapy for the duration of the study.
Clinically acceptable laboratory results at Visit 2.
Willing, if female and of child bearing potential or male subjects with a partner of child bearing potential, to ensure that effective contraception was used during the study and for three months thereafter.
No cannabinoid use (cannabis, Marinol® or Nabilone) for at least seven days before Visit 1 and were willing to abstain from any use of cannabis during the study.
Able (in the investigators opinion) and willing to comply with all study requirements.
Willing for the Home Office to be notified of his or her participation in the study (applicable to the UK centres only).
Willing to allow his or her GP and consultant, if appropriate, to be notified of participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

History of schizophrenia, other psychotic illness, severe personality disorder or other significant psychiatric disorder other than depression associated with their underlying condition.
Known history of alcohol or substance abuse.
Severe cardiovascular disorder, such as ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias, poorly controlled hypertension or severe heart failure.
History of epilepsy.
Female subject who was pregnant, lactating or planning pregnancy during the course of the study.
Significant renal or hepatic impairment.
Scheduled elective surgery or other procedures requiring general anaesthesia during the study.
Subject who was terminally ill or was inappropriate for placebo medication.
Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigator, either put the subject at risk because of participation in the study, or influenced the result of the study, or the subject's ability to participate in the study.
Regular levodopa (Sinemet®, Sinemet Plus®, Levodopa, L-dopa, Madopar®, Benserazide) therapy within seven days of study entry.
Male subject receiving sildenafil (Viagra®) and unwilling to stop medication for the duration of the study.
Subjects who were taking fentanyl (Durogesic®, Actiq®)
Subjects who were taking antiarrhythmic medications.
Known or suspected hypersensitivity to cannabinoids or any of the excipients of the study medications.
Known or suspected adverse reaction to cannabinoids.
Planned travel outside the UK during the study (applicable to the UK centres only).
Donation of blood during the study.
Subjects who had participated in another research study in the 12 weeks prior to study entry.
Subjects previously randomised into this study.