Intervention: Semaglutide
Trial phase: Phase 3
ATC code: A10BJ06
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Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 103
Group description: Subjects were randomized to receive semaglutide 0.5 mg once weekly subcutaneously (s.c.; under the skin) in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm for a duration of 30 weeks. Subjects followed a fixed dose escalation pattern to improve tolerability concerns, starting with once-weekly doses of 0.25 mg for 4 weeks (4 doses), then escalated to 0.5 mg once weekly maintenance dose for 26 weeks (maximum dose). Doses were not changed during the trial after the maintenance dose was reached. Semaglutide 1.34 mg/mL was supplied in a 1.5 mL pre-filled PDS290 pen-injector and administered on the same day of every week during the trial. For subjects previously treated with OAD monotherapy, their 8-week pre-trial OAD was washed out before randomisation. All subjects continued their pre-trial treatment of diet and exercise therapy throughout the trial.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Male or female, age 20 years or older at the time of signing informed consent
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 6.5% and 9.5% (48-80 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) for subjects treated with oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) monotherapy and between 7.0% and 10.5% (53-91 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) for subjects treated with diet and exercise therapy at screening
Japanese subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are: a) on stable OAD monotherapy at a half-maximum dose or below according to the approved Japanese labelling in addition to diet and exercise therapy for at least 30 days prior to screening (week -8) (For metformin only: the maximum dose of 750 mg/day is allowed except for METGLUCO®. For METGLUCO®, the allowable half-max dose of 1125 mg/day must be applied.). 'Stable' is defined as unchanged medication and unchanged dose, or b) on stable diet and exercise therapy for at least 30 days prior to screening (week -2)

Exclusion Criteria:

Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method (e.g. abstinence, diaphragm, condom [by the partner], intrauterine device, sponge, spermicide or oral contraceptives) throughout the trial including the 5-week follow-up period
Treatment with once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists within 90 days prior to screening
Treatment with any glucose lowering agent(s) (except for pre-trial OAD for subject treated with OAD monotherapy) in a period of 60 days prior to screening. An exception is short-term treatment (7 days or less in total) with insulin in connection with inter-current illness
Any disorder which, in the opinion of the investigator, might jeopardise subject's safety or compliance with the protocol
History of chronic or idiopathic acute pancreatitis
Screening calcitonin value of 50 ng/L (pg/mL) or greater
Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2)
Impaired renal function defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m^2 per modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula (4 variable version)
Acute coronary or cerebrovascular event within 90 days before randomisation
Heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV