Intervention: Glucagon
Trial phase: Not Applicable
ATC code: H04AA01
SMILES: CSCCC(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(N)Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(C)O)C(C)O)C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(C(=O)O)C(C)O
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 12
Group description: Subjects will receive 8 doses of glucagon, each dose will be 2.0 mcg per kg. Glucagon will be reconstituted immediately prior to administration and each dose will be administered subcutaneously via syringe/needle. The first glucagon dose is at hour 17, second at hour 22, third at hour 24, fourth at hour 27, fifth at hour 29, sixth at hour 31, seventh at hour 33, eighth at hour 35.

Glucagon: Subjects will receive 8 doses of glucagon, each dose will be 2.0 mcg per kg. Glucagon will be reconstituted immediately prior to administration and each dose will be administered subcutaneously via syringe/needle. The first glucagon dose is at hour 17, second at hour 22, third at hour 24, fourth at hour 27, fifth at hour 29, sixth at hour 31, seventh at hour 33, eighth at hour 35.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed for at least 6 months
Current usage of subcutaneous insulin pump treatment
Age 18-65 years
HbA1c of 5.5 - 7.7% at screening visit
BMI 18-35 kg/m2
Willingness to follow all study procedures, including attending all clinic visits
Willingness to sign informed consent and HIPAA documents

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy or Lactation: For women of childbearing potential: there is a requirement for a negative urine pregnancy test.
Renal insufficiency (serum creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL or greater).
Serum ALT or AST equal to or greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal; hepatic synthetic insufficiency as defined as a serum albumin of less than 3.3 g/dL; or serum bilirubin of over 2.
Hematocrit of less than or equal to 34%.
Congestive heart failure, NYHA class II, III or IV.
Coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease.
Active foot ulceration.
Active alcohol abuse, substance abuse, or severe mental illness (as judged by the principal investigator).
Active malignancy, except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers.
Major surgical operation within 30 days prior to screening.
Seizure disorder (epilepsy).
Contraindication to an MRI scan, including having metallic splinters in the eye, a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, or any other ferromagnetic or electronically charged implanted device, or ferromagnetic clip(s) in the central nervous system.
Currently administration of oral or parenteral corticosteroids.
Use of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to screening.
Bleeding disorder, treatment with warfarin, or platelet count below 50,000.
History weight loss of ≥ 5 lbs over the prior month.
Weight ≥ 300 lbs.
Any concurrent illness, other than diabetes, that is not controlled by a stable therapeutic regimen.
Any reason the principal investigator deems exclusionary.