Intervention: Ranolazine
Trial phase: Phase 3
ATC code: C01EB18
SMILES: COc1ccccc1OCC(O)CN1CCN(CC(=O)Nc2c(C)cccc2C)CC1
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 232
Group description: Qualifying Period: Placebo to match ranolazine (1 tablet twice daily) for 14 days.

Treatment Period: Ranolazine tablets (Days 1-7: 1 × 500 mg twice daily; 2 × 500 mg twice daily thereafter) for up to 24 weeks.

Participants were required to maintain their diet and exercise regimen.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Written informed consent
Males and females, 18 to 75 years old, inclusive
Documented history of T2DM
Treatment naïve to antihyperglycemic therapy or having received no prior treatment with antihyperglycemic therapy for at least 90 days (TZDs for at least 24 weeks) prior to screening
Body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2 to 45 kg/m2 inclusive at screening
HbA1c 7% - 10%, inclusive at screening and at the end of the Qualifying Period (Day 14 +2 days)
Fasting serum glucose (FSG) of ≥ 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) and ≤ 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) at screening and at the end of the Qualifying Period (Day 14 +2 days). A one-time central laboratory re-test of FSG is allowed in subjects with an initial central laboratory FSG ≥ 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) and < 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) who are otherwise eligible as determined by the investigator.
Fasting serum C-peptide ≥ 0.8 ng/mL at screening
Able and willing to comply with all study procedures during the course of the study
Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and must agree to use highly effective contraception methods from screening throughout the duration of the Treatment Period and for 14 days following the last dose of study drug
At least 80% compliant with dosing during the Qualifying Period

Exclusion Criteria:

History of or current diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
History of diabetic ketoacidosis, ketosis-prone diabetes, or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma
History of a severe episode of hypoglycemia (≥ 1 episode within 3 months prior to screening or ≥ 2 episodes within 6 months prior to screening), defined as hypoglycemia requiring 3rd party assistance to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions due to severe impairment in consciousness or behavior
Clinically significant complications of diabetes that, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the subject unsuitable to participate in this study
History of any clinically significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event (eg, myocardial infarction [MI], acute coronary syndrome [ACS], recent coronary revascularization [including coronary artery bypass graft procedures or percutaneous coronary intervention], transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke) ≤ 3 months prior to screening
Inadequately controlled or unstable hypertension as defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mmHg at screening and randomization
Prolonged QTc interval > 500 msec by ECG at screening, a personal or family history of QTc prolongation, congenital long QT syndrome, or subjects who are receiving drugs that prolong the QTc interval, such as Class Ia or Class III antiarrhythmic agents, erythromycin, and certain antipsychotics (eg, ziprasidone)
History of bariatric surgery at any time in the past or any other surgery < 2 months before screening, or planning to undergo surgery during the study. Subjects with a planned minor surgery may be enrolled upon approval by the Medical Monitor.
Any other hospitalization in the 14 days prior to screening or planned hospitalization at any time during the study
Significant weight change (± 5%) < 2 months prior to screening or on a weight-loss program and is not in the maintenance phase at screening
Severe renal impairment, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 at screening or undergoing any type of dialysis at screening or planning to undergo any type of dialysis during the course of the study.
History of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class A, B or C)
Active liver disease and/or significant abnormal liver function defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3x upper limit of the normal range (ULN) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3x ULN and/or serum total bilirubin > 2.0 mg/dL
History of cancer (except non-melanomic skin cancers or cervical in situ) within 5 years prior to screening
History of alcohol or other drug abuse < 12 months prior to screening
Any other clinically significant existing medical or psychiatric condition, including clinically significant laboratory abnormalities, or one requiring further evaluation that, in the opinion of the investigator, could interfere with conduct of the study or interpretation of the data
Prior treatment with open-label ranolazine or known hypersensitivity or intolerance to ranolazine or any of its excipients
Treatment with strong or moderate cytochrome (CYP)3A inhibitors or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors within 14 days prior to randomization
Treatment with CYP3A inducers or P-gp inducers within 14 days prior to randomization
Treatment with CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic range (eg, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus) within 14 days prior to randomization
Treatment with simvastatin at a daily dose > 20 mg or lovastatin at a daily dose > 40 mg, within 14 days prior to randomization
Weight-loss medication or anti-obesity medication (prescription or nonprescription) < 3 months prior to screening
Treatment with niacin > 200 mg daily; if receiving ≤ 200 mg daily, should be on stable doses for ≥ 90 days prior to screening and for the duration of the study
Expected or current treatment with systemic corticosteroids (oral or injectable) for > 14 days from screening through the end of the Treatment Period. Topical or inhaled corticosteroid formulations are permitted at any time during the study
If receiving thyroid replacement therapy, should be on stable doses for at least 6 weeks prior to randomization
Hemoglobin < 12 g/dL for males; or < 11 g/dL for females, at screening
Participation in another clinical study involving an investigational drug or device < 30 days prior to screening; participation in another clinical study involving an antihyperglycemic therapy < 90 days prior to screening
Donation of blood < 2 months prior to screening; plans to donate blood while participating in the study
Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
Other condition(s) that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the safety of the subject, would prevent compliance with the study protocol (including the ability to comply with Mixed Meal Tolerance Test [MMTT]), or would compromise the quality of the clinical study