Intervention: OBETICHOLIC ACID
Trial phase: Phase 2
ATC code: A05AA04
SMILES: [H][C@@]12CC[C@]([H])([C@H](C)CCC(=O)O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([H])[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@]21[H]
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 10
Group description: Defined as SeHCAT <10% without other causes such as Crohn's disease and/or ileal resection
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria Patients aged 18 - 80 who present at routine Gastrointestinal Outpatient Clinics at Hammersmith and Charing Cross Hospitals with chronic diarrhoea, defined as an average stool frequency of at least three per day, of Bristol Stool Type 6 or 7, for at least 3 months. Previous routine SeHCAT testing to establish the presence or absence of bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) unless there is evidence of TI disease/ resection. BAD will be defined as SeHCAT 7-day retention of less than 15% or diarrhoea in presence of TI disease/ resection. Study subjects will be grouped as having secondary BAD, due to ileal resection or Crohn's disease, or primary BAD, with no obvious cause. The third, control group having chronic diarrhoea but with normal SeHCAT retention (greater than 15%).

Female patients must be postmenopausal, surgically sterile, or if premenopausal, be prepared to use ≥ 1 effective (≤ 1% failure rate) method of contraception during the trial and for 15 days after the last dose of OCA. Male subjects with female partners of childbearing potential must use ≥ 1 effective method of contraception. Effective methods of contraception are considered to be: 1. Established use of oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception. 2. Placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS). 3. Barrier methods of contraception: Condom or Occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository. 4. Male sterilisation (with the appropriate post-vasectomy documentation of the absence of sperm in the ejaculate). 5. True abstinence: When this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients with other diagnoses leading to diarrhoea, including colorectal neoplasia, ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, chronic pancreatitis, drug-induced diarrhoea or active infection.
Patients who have not been investigated by standard clinical assessments to exclude these disorders.
Treatment with bile acid sequestrants (colestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam) for 2 weeks before the first dose of OCA. Loperamide use will be allowed up to 16mg/d in divided doses.
Previous biliary surgery, excluding cholecystectomy.
Abnormal bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alkaline phosphatase on more than 1 occasion.
Chronic liver disease
Chronic kidney disease
Active, serious medical disease with likely life expectancy less than 5 years
Active substance abuse including inhaled or injection drugs in the year prior to screening
Allergy to obeticholic acid.
Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, potential for pregnancy and unwillingness to use effective birth control during the trial, breast feeding. Pregnancy will be assessed with urinary β-hCG pregnancy test.
Participation in an investigational new drug trial in the 30 days before randomisation
Any other condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would impede compliance or hinder completion of the study
Failure to give informed consent