Intervention: Lisdexamfetamine
Trial phase: Phase 4
ATC code: N06BA12
SMILES: C[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 2
Group description: Subjects started with 20 mg per day of lisdexamfetamine and could have the dose increased to a maximum of 40 mg based on change in clinical response and adverse events.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Aged 21 to 50 years.
Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder I or II disorder.
Currently in the depressive phase of the illness.
Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score greater than 15.
Medication regimen (Lamotrigine, Valproate, Lithium, either alone or in combination with atypical antipsychotics, or typical antipsychotics) at stable doses for at least one month.
Has an established residence and phone.
Capable of providing informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for rapid cycling within the 6 months prior to enrolling in the study.
Meets DSM-IV-TR criteria for Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, or Eating disorder. Co-morbid anxiety disorders are not a reason for exclusion.
History of psychotic symptoms at any point during the subject's illness.
Met DSM-IV-TR criteria for alcohol or substance (except for nicotine) dependence or abuse within the past 6 months.
Lifetime history of amphetamine abuse or dependence.
Subject has a lifetime history of stimulant-induced mania
History of seizures, including febrile seizures in childhood.
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) greater than 8.
History of significant coronary artery disease, angina, untreated or inadequately treated thyroid disease (less than 1 month chemically euthyroid), type I diabetes, autoimmune disease, glaucoma, hypertension, seizures, or other medical condition(s) which in the opinion of the principal investigator is likely to significantly impact the subject's mood or potential response to the study medication.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) with significant arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities, which in the opinion of the physician investigator preclude study participation; uncontrolled hypertension (>160/100) or tachycardia (heart rate >110).
Female subjects who are peri or post-menopausal.
Subjects taking Ritalin or other stimulants, theophylline, steroids, atomoxetine, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, modafinil, warfarin, anticonvulsants, clonidine, theophylline, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and pseudoephedrine, or other medications that are likely to significantly interact (either pharmacokinetically or pharmacodynamically) with the subject's mood or Lisdexamfetamine.
Subject regularly (more than 4 days per week) ingests more than four caffeine containing drinks per day.
Pregnancy.
In women of childbearing potential, an unwillingness to avoid pregnancy for the duration of the study.
Active suicidal ideation.
History of homicidal ideation.
Allergy or other clinical condition which prohibits the use of all of the approved mood stabilizers or Lisdexamfetamine.
Metal in the body (e.g. history of working as a sheet metal worker) or pacemaker which is a contra-indication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Significant claustrophobia.