Intervention: CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL
Trial phase: Phase 1 | Phase 2
SMILES: CCOc1nc2cccc(C(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)OC3CCCCC3)c2n1Cc1ccc(-c2ccccc2-c2nn[nH]n2)cc1
Sex: All
Age groups: Adult | Older Adult
Healthy volunteers: No
Participants at risk: 16
Group description: Subjects received 4 mg once a day up to 13 day. Dose was doubled every 14-18 days as tolerated to a goal of 16 mg a day or highest dose tolerated.
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Left ventricular ejection fraction of equal or less than 40% assessed by echocardiography, nuclear scan, MRI or left ventriculogram within the past 48 months.
Stable New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and III symptoms as defined by: no change in NYHA symptoms over the past 3 months, on stable doses of ACE inhibitor, beta blocker, digoxin and furosemide over the last 4 weeks and no episode of decompensated CHF over the past 6 months.
Calculated creatinine clearance of equal or less than 80 ml/min and greater than 20 ml/min, using the MDRD formula assessed within the past 48 months and a confirmatory calculated creatinine clearance equal or less than 80 ml/min and greater than 20 ml/min at the time of enrollment.

Subjects who are already taking AT1 receptor blocker will be excluded. Aldosterone antagonist, antiarrhythmic medications and other vasodilators will be allowed; however, all medications must be at stable doses 4 weeks prior to enrollment. Subjects taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) except aspirin will not be able to increase their medication dose for the duration of the study. Subjects will be excluded if they have had a prior diagnosis of intrinsic renal disease, including renal artery stenosis of > 50%, or if they meet any one of the exclusion criteria listed below.

Exclusion Criteria:

Prior diagnosis of intrinsic renal diseases including renal artery stenosis of > 50%
Peritoneal or hemodialysis within 90 days or anticipation that dialysis or ultrafiltration of any form will be required during the study period
Hospitalization for decompensated CHF during the past 6 months
Subjects that are taking AT1 receptor blockers
Myocardial infarction within 6 months of screening
Unstable angina within 6 months of screening, or any evidence of myocardial ischemia
Significant valvular stenosis, hypertrophic, restrictive or obstructive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, primary pulmonary hypertension, or biopsy proven active myocarditis
Severe congenital heart diseases
Sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation within 14 days of screening
Second or third degree heart block without a permanent cardiac pacemaker
Stroke within 3 months of screening, or other evidence of significantly compromised CNS perfusion
ALT >1.5 times the upper limit of normal
Serum sodium of < 125 mEq/dL or > 160 mEq/dL
Serum potassium of < 3.5 mEq/dL or > 5.7 mEq/dL
Serum digoxin level of > 2.0 ng/ml
Hemoglobin < 9 gm/dl
Other acute or chronic medical conditions or laboratory abnormality which may increase the risks associated with study participation or may interfere with interpretation of the data
Received an investigational drug within 1 month prior to dosing
Patients with an allergy to iodine.
Female subject who is pregnant or breastfeeding
In the opinion of the investigator, is unlikely to comply with the study protocol or is unsuitable for any reasons