ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
GHSA-gw5f-7fqh-pvm6: A vulnerability was determined in opencc JFlow up to 20260129. This affects the function Imp_Done of the file src/main/java/bp/wf/httphandler/WF_Admin_AttrFlow.java of the component Workflow Engine. This manipulation of the argument File causes xml external entity reference. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
CVSS v4.0: 2.1
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
GHSA-p936-h8fv-c3vx: SQL injection vulnerability in shopping_cart.php in osCommerce before 2.2 Milestone 2 060817 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via id array parameters.
CVE-2024-44025: WordPress NiceJob plugin < 3.6.5 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in nicejob NiceJob nicejob allows Stored XSS.This issue affects NiceJob: from n/a through < 3.6.5.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-6g9c-277p-7xw6: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:comedi: dt2815: add hardware detection to prevent crashThe dt2815 driver crashes when attached to I/O ports without actual
hardware present. This occurs because syzkaller or users can attach
the driver to arbitrary I/O addresses via COMEDI_DEVCONFIG ioctl.When no hardware exists at the specified port, inb() operations return
0xff (floating bus), but outb() operations can trigger page faults due
to undefined behavior, especially under race conditions:BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000007fffff90
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  RIP: 0010:dt2815_attach+0x6e0/0x1110Add hardware detection by reading the status register before attempting
any write operations. If the read returns 0xff, assume no hardware is
present and fail the attach with -ENODEV. This prevents crashes from
outb() operations on non-existent hardware.
CVSS v3.1: 4.7
GHSA-w94x-5hjw-v8h6: Vulnerability in DEC OpenVMS VAX 5.5-2 through 5.0, and OpenVMS AXP 1.0, allows local users to gain system privileges.
CVE-2012-3996: TikiWiki CMS/Groupware 8.3 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain the installation path via a direct request to (1) admin/include_calendar.php, (2) tiki-rss_error.php, or (3) tiki-watershed_service.php.
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2022-34325: DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the StorageSecurityCommandDxe software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the StorageSecurityCommandDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
GHSA-v468-4wmw-389j: SQL injection vulnerability in catalog.asp in ASP Product Catalog allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cid parameter and possibly other parameters.
GHSA-3j45-2pqx-6qf3: Microsoft Communicator, and Communicator in Microsoft Office 2010 beta, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of SIP INVITE requests, which trigger the creation of many sessions.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
CVE-2023-25965: WordPress Upload Resume plugin <= 1.2.0 - Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in mbbhatti Upload Resume.This issue affects Upload Resume: from n/a through 1.2.0.
CVSS v3.1: 5.9
CVE-2012-3828: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Joomla! 2.5.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the Host HTTP Header.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-fgmr-fp8g-q2v6: The Management Web Interface in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS before 7.1.9 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified request parameters.
CVSS v3.0: 6.5
CVE-2021-32995: Cscape (All Versions prior to 9.90 SP5) lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files. This could lead to an out-of-bounds write. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
CVE-2017-17135: PEM module of Huawei DP300 V500R002C00; IPS Module V500R001C00; V500R001C30; NGFW Module V500R001C00; V500R002C00; NIP6300 V500R001C00; V500R001C30; NIP6600 V500R001C00; V500R001C30; RP200 V500R002C00; V600R006C00; S12700 V200R007C00; V200R007C01; V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S1700 V200R006C10; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S2700 V200R006C10; V200R007C00; V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S5700 V200R006C00; V200R007C00; V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S6700 V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S7700 V200R007C00; V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; S9700 V200R007C00; V200R007C01; V200R008C00; V200R009C00; V200R010C00; Secospace USG6300 V500R001C00; V500R001C30; Secospace USG6500 V500R001C00; V500R001C30; Secospace USG6600 V500R001C00; V500R001C30S; TE30 V100R001C02; V100R001C10; V500R002C00; V600R006C00; TE40 V500R002C00; V600R006C00; TE50 V500R002C00; V600R006C00; TE60 V100R001C01; V100R001C10; V500R002C00; V600R006C00; TP3106 V100R002C00; TP3206 V100R002C00; V100R002C10; USG9500 V500R001C00; V500R001C30; ViewPoint 9030 V100R011C02; V100R011C03 has a null pointer reference vulnerability due to insufficient verification. An authenticated local attacker calls PEM decoder with special parameter which could cause a denial of service.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVSS v2.0: 2.1
CVE-2025-31331: Authorization Bypass vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver
SAP NetWeaver allows an attacker to bypass authorization checks, enabling them to view portions of ABAP code that would normally require additional validation. Once logged into the ABAP system, the attacker can run a specific transaction that exposes sensitive system code without proper authorization. This vulnerability compromises the confidentiality.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
CVE-2017-8051: Tenable Appliance 3.5 - 4.4.0, and possibly prior versions, contains a flaw in the simpleupload.py script in the Web UI. Through the manipulation of the tns_appliance_session_user parameter, a remote attacker can inject arbitrary commands.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 10
CVE-2023-3684: LivelyWorks Articart Base64 Encoding de_DE redirect
A vulnerability was found in LivelyWorks Articart 2.0.1 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /change-language/de_DE of the component Base64 Encoding Handler. The manipulation of the argument redirectTo leads to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. VDB-234230 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v3.1: 3.5
CVSS v3.0: 3.5
CVSS v2.0: 4
CVE-2020-14390: A flaw was found in the Linux kernel in versions before 5.9-rc6. When changing screen size, an out-of-bounds memory write can occur leading to memory corruption or a denial of service. Due to the nature of the flaw, privilege escalation cannot be fully ruled out.
CVSS v3.1: 5.6
CVSS v2.0: 4.6
CVE-2005-0524: The php_handle_iff function in image.c for PHP 4.2.2, 4.3.9, 4.3.10 and 5.0.3, as reachable by the getimagesize PHP function, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a -8 size value.
CVSS v2.0: 5
GHSA-8h9r-8mcw-2x62: CMS Made Simple 2.2.10 has XSS via the 'moduleinterface.php' Name field, which is reachable via an "Add Category" action to the "Site Admin Settings - News module" section.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
GHSA-mf5v-3hc7-w3wj: IBM QRadar 7.3.0 to 7.3.3 Patch 2 is vulnerable to Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This may allow an authenticated attacker to send unauthorized requests from the system, potentially leading to network enumeration or facilitating other attacks. IBM X-ForceID: 176404.
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
CVE-2022-26324: Possible XSS in iManager URL for access Component
Possible XSS in iManager URL for access Component has been discovered in
OpenText™ iManager 3.2.6.0000.
CVSS v3.1: 7.6
CVE-2026-34464: Sandboxie-Plus NamedPipeServer OpenHandler stack overflow via unterminated server field
Sandboxie-Plus is an open source sandbox-based isolation software for Windows. In versions 1.17.2 and earlier, NamedPipeServer::OpenHandler copies the server field from NAMED_PIPE_OPEN_REQ into a fixed WCHAR pipename[160] stack buffer using wcscat without verifying null termination. The handler only enforces a minimum packet size, and since the service pipe accepts variable-length messages, a sandboxed caller can fill the server[48] field with non-zero data and append additional controlled wide characters after the structure. wcscat then reads past the fixed field and overflows the stack buffer in the SYSTEM service. This message is restricted to sandboxed callers, making it a sandbox escape vector. This can lead to a crash of the SbieSvc service or potential code execution as SYSTEM. This issue has been fixed in version 1.17.3.
CVSS v4.0: 8.8
GHSA-2339-wm5r-x92c: SQL injection vulnerability in the My_eGallery module for PHP-Nuke allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the gid parameter in a showgall action to modules.php.  NOTE: this issue was disclosed by an unreliable researcher, so the details might be incorrect.
GHSA-hh4m-cw5p-xq6w: An issue was discovered in Bentley MicroStation before 10.17.0.x and Bentley View before 10.17.0.x. Using an affected version of MicroStation or MicroStation-based application to open a 3DS file containing crafted data can force an out-of-bounds read. Exploitation of these vulnerabilities within the parsing of 3DS files could enable an attacker to read information in the context of the current process.
CVSS v3.1: 3.3
RHSA-2026:4518: Red Hat Security Advisory: postgresql security update
postgresql: PostgreSQL intarray missing validation of type of input to selectivity estimator executes arbitrary code postgresql: PostgreSQL pgcrypto heap buffer overflow executes arbitrary code postgresql: PostgreSQL missing validation of multibyte character length executes arbitrary code
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-gphc-f36c-q273: IBM Planning Analytics 2.0 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information by disclosing private IP addresses in HTTP responses. IBM X-Force ID: 178766.
CVE-2021-38871: IBM Jazz Team Server 6.0.6, 6.0.6.1, 7.0, 7.0.1, and 7.0.2 is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 208345.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
CVE-2003-1505: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) by creating a web page or HTML e-mail with a textarea in a div element whose scrollbar-base-color is modified by a CSS style, which is then moved.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2015-2928: The Hidden Service (HS) server implementation in Tor before 0.2.4.27, 0.2.5.x before 0.2.5.12, and 0.2.6.x before 0.2.6.7 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and daemon exit) via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2012-5864: Sinapsi eSolar Improper Authentication
These Sinapsi devices 
do not check if users that visit pages within the device have properly 
authenticated. By directly visiting the pages within the device, 
attackers can gain unauthorized access with administrative privileges.
CVSS v2.0: 9.4
GHSA-c45g-93vx-g46g: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the RecommendSearch feature in the management screen in LOCKON EC-CUBE before 2.12.5 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving the rank parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3652.
GHSA-g839-vp47-wgh8: Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw's Slack reaction/pin sender-policy consistency issue in non-message ingress
Duplicate AdvisoryThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rm2p-j3r7-4x4j]. This link is maintained to preserve external references.Original DescriptionOpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 fail to consistently apply sender-policy checks to reaction_* and pin_* non-message events before adding them to system-event context. Attackers can bypass configured DM policies and channel user allowlists to inject unauthorized reaction and pin events from restricted senders.
CVSS v4.0: 5.3
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-q5rx-8c2h-5q7j: Apache Gobblin trusts all certificates used for LDAP connections in Gobblin-as-a-Service
Apache Gobblin trusts all certificates used for LDAP connections in Gobblin-as-a-Service. This affects versions <= 0.15.0. Users should update to version 0.16.0 which addresses this issue.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2017-11244: Adobe Acrobat Reader 2017.009.20058 and earlier, 2017.008.30051 and earlier, 2015.006.30306 and earlier, and 11.0.20 and earlier has an exploitable memory corruption vulnerability in the image conversion engine when processing Enhanced Metafile Format (EMF) data related to transformation of blocks of pixels. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
CVSS v3.0: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2026-3590: Race Condition in Guest Magic Link Authentication Allows Token Reuse
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.12, 11.5.x <= 11.5.0, 11.4.x <= 11.4.2, 11.3.x <= 11.3.2 fail to enforce atomic single-use consumption of guest magic link tokens, which allows an attacker with access to a valid magic link to establish multiple independent authenticated sessions via concurrent requests.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00624
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2025-64527: Envoy crashes when JWT authentication is configured with the remote JWKS fetching
Envoy is a high-performance edge/middle/service proxy. In 1.33.12, 1.34.10, 1.35.6, 1.36.2, and earlier, Envoy crashes when JWT authentication is configured with the remote JWKS fetching, allow_missing_or_failed is enabled, multiple JWT tokens are present in the request headers and the JWKS fetch fails. This is caused by a re-entry bug in the JwksFetcherImpl. When the first token's JWKS fetch fails, onJwksError() callback triggers processing of the second token, which calls fetch() again on the same fetcher object. The original callback's reset() then clears the second fetch's state (receiver_ and request_) which causes a crash when the async HTTP response arrives.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-ffv4-58cg-f6v5: IBM Tivoli Storage Productivity Center (IBM Spectrum Control Standard Edition 5.2.1 through 5.2.17) allows users to remain idle within the application even when a user has logged out. Utilizing the application back button users can remain logged in as the current user for a short period of time, therefore users are presented with information for Spectrum Control Application. IBM X-Force ID: 157064.
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
RHSA-2016:0083: Red Hat Security Advisory: qemu-kvm security and bug fix update
Qemu: nvram: OOB r/w access in processing firmware configurations
GHSA-277f-37gw-9gmq: raspap-webgui has a Directory Traversal vulnerability
RaspAP raspap-webgui 3.3.1 is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in ajax/networking/get_wgkey.php. An authenticated attacker can send a crafted POST request with a path traversal payload in the `entity` parameter to overwrite arbitrary files writable by the web server via abuse of the `tee` command used in shell execution.
CVSS v4.0: 7.7
CVE-2017-0019: Microsoft Word 2016 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability." This vulnerability is different from those described in CVE-2017-0006, CVE-2017-0020, CVE-2017-0030, CVE-2017-0031, CVE-2017-0052, and CVE-2017-0053.
CVSS v3.0: 7.8
CVSS v2.0: 9.3
CVE-2020-26270: CHECK-fail in LSTM with zero-length input in TensorFlow
In affected versions of TensorFlow running an LSTM/GRU model where the LSTM/GRU layer receives an input with zero-length results in a CHECK failure when using the CUDA backend. This can result in a query-of-death vulnerability, via denial of service, if users can control the input to the layer. This is fixed in versions 1.15.5, 2.0.4, 2.1.3, 2.2.2, 2.3.2, and 2.4.0.
CVSS v3.1: 4.4
GHSA-w5g6-g2hq-m7mr: Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Webshop hun 1.062S allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) termid or (2) nyelv_id parameter to index.php.
CVE-2023-41779: Illegal Memory Access Vulnerability of ZTE's ZXCLOUD iRAI
There is an illegal memory access vulnerability of ZTE's ZXCLOUD iRAI product.When the vulnerability is exploited by an attacker with the common user permission, the physical machine will be crashed.



CVSS v3.1: 4.4
GHSA-4738-qhxm-3p4q: Information disclosure in SMU in Hitachi Vantara HNAS 14.8.7825.01 on Windows allows authenticated users to download sensitive files via Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR).
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-q59x-44mh-c286: Missing Authorization vulnerability in Drupal Facets allows Forceful Browsing.This issue affects Facets: from 0.0.0 before 2.0.10, from 3.0.0 before 3.0.1.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-g487-4fjg-h9j4: CLUSTERPRO X Ver5.1 and earlier and EXPRESSCLUSTER X 5.1 and earlier, CLUSTERPRO X SingleServerSafe 5.0 and earlier, EXPRESSCLUSTER X SingleServerSafe 5.0 and earlier allows a attacker to log in to the product may execute an arbitrary command.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
CVE-2008-3656: Algorithmic complexity vulnerability in the WEBrick::HTTPUtils.split_header_value function in WEBrick::HTTP::DefaultFileHandler in WEBrick in Ruby 1.8.5 and earlier, 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p286, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p71, and 1.9 through r18423 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a crafted HTTP request that is processed by a backtracking regular expression.
CVSS v2.0: 7.8
GHSA-7pcp-2xch-fv67: Open redirect vulnerability in Vanilla Forums before 2.0.17.6 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the Target parameter to an unspecified component, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-0526.
CVE-2014-9395: Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Simplelife plugin 1.2 and earlier for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via the (1) simplehoverback, (2) simplehovertext, (3) flickrback, or (4) simple_flimit parameter in the simplelife.php page to wp-admin/options-general.php.
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-83r5-mv86-2rcp: Machform prior to version 16 is vulnerable to HTTP host header injection due to improperly validated host headers. This could cause a victim to receive malformed content.
GHSA-wr5w-23w5-xf72: Dell PowerProtect DD, versions prior to 7.13.0.10, LTS 7.7.5.25, LTS 7.10.1.15, 6.2.1.110 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in administrator CLI. A remote high privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the application's underlying OS to bypass security restriction. Exploitation may lead to a system take over by an attacker.
CVSS v3.1: 7.2
ICSA-23-047-02: Siemens SCALANCE X200 IRT
The SNMP agent (snmp_agent.c) in net-snmp before 5.4.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a GETBULK request with a large max-repeaters value.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2019-13645: Firefly III before 4.7.17.3 is vulnerable to stored XSS due to lack of filtration of user-supplied data in image file names. The JavaScript code is executed during attachments/edit/$file_id$ attachment editing. NOTE: It is asserted that an attacker must have the same access rights as the user in order to be able to execute the vulnerability
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
CVSS v2.0: 3.5
CVE-2019-25018: In the rcp client in MIT krb5-appl through 1.0.3, malicious servers could bypass intended access restrictions via the filename of . or an empty filename, similar to CVE-2018-20685 and CVE-2019-7282. The impact is modifying the permissions of the target directory on the client side. NOTE: MIT krb5-appl is not supported upstream but is shipped by a few Linux distributions. The affected code was removed from the supported MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) product many years ago, at version 1.8.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVSS v2.0: 5
GHSA-6w29-398v-27rj: The Uncanny Automator – Easy Automation, Integration, Webhooks & Workflow Builder Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 6.2 via the 'call_webhook' method of the Automator_Send_Webhook class This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application and can be used to query and modify information from internal services.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-wqh4-27cc-j8f2: nodeffmpeg is malware
The `nodeffmpeg` package is a piece of malware that steals environment variables and sends them to attacker controlled locations.All versions have been unpublished from the npm registry.RecommendationAs this package is malware, if you find it installed in your environment, the real security concern is determining how it got there.If you have found this installed in your environment, you should:Delete the packageClear your npm cacheEnsure it is not present in any other package.json files on your systemRegenerate your registry credentials, tokens, and any other sensitive credentials that may have been present in your environment variables.Additionally, any service which may have been exposed via credentials in your environment variables, such as a database, should be reviewed for indicators of compromise as well.
CVSS v3.0: 7.5
GHSA-74rc-r8rm-wp7r: ngiflib commit fb271 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the function "main" at gif2tag.c. This vulnerability is triggered when running the program gif2tga.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2024-10351: Tenda RX9 Pro POST Request setMacFilterCfg sub_424CE0 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda RX9 Pro 22.03.02.20. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function sub_424CE0 of the file /goform/setMacFilterCfg of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument deviceList leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0: 8.7
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 9
GHSA-h2xq-fv4r-5784: The Smash Balloon Social Post Feed WordPress plugin before 2.19.2 does not sanitise or escape the feedID POST parameter in its feed_locator AJAX action (available to both authenticated and unauthenticated users) before outputting a truncated version of it in the admin dashboard, leading to an unauthenticated Stored Cross-Site Scripting issue which will be executed in the context of a logged in administrator.
GHSA-2q2f-h83x-cx3x: Reportico Web fails to invalidate cookies upon logout
An issue in Reportico Web before v.8.1.0. This vulnerability arises from the failure of the web application to properly invalidate session cookies upon logout. When a user logs out of the application, the session cookie should be invalidated to prevent unauthorized access. However, due to the oversight in the application's implementation, the session cookie remains active even after logout. Consequently, if an attacker obtains the session cookie, they can exploit it to access the user's session and perform unauthorized actions.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-xmwq-8922-3p5x: A cross site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was discovered in Ice Hrm 29.0.0.OS which allows attackers to create new admin accounts or change users' passwords.
GHSA-rj94-v9jx-236x: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Invensys Wonderware HMI Reports 3.42.835.0304 and earlier, as used in Ocean Data Systems Dream Report before 4.0 and other products, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified parameters.