ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2024-57726: SimpleHelp remote support software v5.5.7 and before has a vulnerability that allows low-privileges technicians to create API keys with excessive permissions. These API keys can be used to escalate privileges to the server admin role.
CVSS v3.1: 9.9
CVE-2023-30800: MikroTik RouterOS Web Interface Heap Corruption
The web server used by MikroTik RouterOS version 6 is affected by a heap memory corruption issue. A remote and unauthenticated attacker can corrupt the server's heap memory by sending a crafted HTTP request. As a result, the web interface crashes and is immediately restarted. The issue was fixed in RouterOS 6.49.10 stable. RouterOS version 7 is not affected.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2026-24686: go-tuf Path Traversal in TAP 4 Multirepo Client Allows Arbitrary File Write via Malicious Repository Names
go-tuf is a Go implementation of The Update Framework (TUF). go-tuf's TAP 4 Multirepo Client uses the map file repository name string (`repoName`) as a filesystem path component when selecting the local metadata cache directory. Starting in version 2.0.0 and prior to version 2.4.1, if an application accepts a map file from an untrusted source, an attacker can supply a `repoName` containing traversal (e.g., `../escaped-repo`) and cause go-tuf to create directories and write the root metadata file outside the intended `LocalMetadataDir` cache base, within the running process's filesystem permissions. Version 2.4.1 contains a patch.
CVSS v3.1: 4.7
CVE-2024-56288: WordPress WP Docs plugin <= 2.2.1 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Fahad Mahmood WP Docs wp-docs allows Stored XSS.This issue affects WP Docs: from n/a through <= 2.2.1.
CVSS v3.1: 5.9
GHSA-6xmp-59j9-c5x2: Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
GHSA-f2jh-mf2c-8278: Pimcore vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in GitHub repository pimcore/pimcore 10.5.17 and prior. A patch is available and anticipated to be part of 10.5.18.
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
GHSA-p598-hv9h-c252: Open edX Ironwood.1 allows support/certificates?course_id= reflected XSS.
CVE-2019-7146: In elfutils 0.175, there is a buffer over-read in the ebl_object_note function in eblobjnote.c in libebl. Remote attackers could leverage this vulnerability to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted elf file, as demonstrated by eu-readelf.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2008-2830: Open Scripting Architecture in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5.4, and some other 10.4 and 10.5 versions, does not properly restrict the loading of scripting addition plugins, which allows local users to gain privileges via scripting addition commands to a privileged application, as originally demonstrated by an osascript tell command to ARDAgent.
CVSS v2.0: 7.2
GHSA-63pr-8qvw-vfv9: Missing Authorization vulnerability in Addonify Addonify &#8211; Compare Products For WooCommerce addonify-compare-products allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Addonify &#8211; Compare Products For WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 1.1.17.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-pf93-9cw9-mwx6: Cold Fusion CFCACHE tag places temporary cache files within the web document root, allowing remote attackers to obtain sensitive system information.
GHSA-7cpc-xrrr-8qwm: PHP 4.0.4pl1 and 4.0.5 in safe mode allows remote attackers to read and write files owned by the web server UID by uploading a PHP script that uses the error_log function to access the files.
GHSA-mhv3-h4q9-c5v3: Static code injection vulnerability in add.php in Mozzers SubSystem 1.0 allows remote attackers to inject PHP code into subs.php via the (1) Sub-name or (2) Sub-url field.  NOTE: an earlier report indicated that the add action can be reached through a request to index.php.
GHSA-m763-87mj-7rmg: Cisco CBOS 2.3.8 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via an ICMP ECHO REQUEST (ping) with the IP Record Route option set.
GHSA-q3cq-7q8h-4w5c: Vulnerability in the Oracle Financial Services Analytical Applications Infrastructure product of Oracle Financial Services Applications (component: Infrastructure). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.6-8.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Financial Services Analytical Applications Infrastructure. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Financial Services Analytical Applications Infrastructure accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
CVE-2022-27174: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Easy Blog for EC-CUBE4 Ver.1.0.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to hijack the authentication of the administrator and delete a blog article or a category via a specially crafted page.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2026-39841: Stored XSS through list fields on Cargo's page values and Special:CargoTables
Improper neutralization of Script-Related HTML tags in a web page (basic XSS) vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Cargo Extension allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Mediawiki - Cargo Extension: before 3.8.7.
CVSS v4.0: 6.3
CVE-2019-0548: A denial of service vulnerability exists when ASP.NET Core improperly handles web requests, aka "ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability." This affects ASP.NET Core 2.2, ASP.NET Core 2.1. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0564.
CVSS v3.0: 7.5
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2021-40741: Adobe Audition Memory Corruption could lead to Application denial-of-service
Adobe Audition version 14.4 (and earlier) is affected by an Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve an application denial-of-service in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
GHSA-26hp-m9gv-2j62: Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Gabriele Valenti Telecash Ricaricaweb allows Object Injection.This issue affects Telecash Ricaricaweb: from n/a through 2.2.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2015-5780: The Safari Extensions implementation in Apple Safari before 9 does not require user confirmation before replacing an installed extension, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.
CVSS v2.0: 10
CVE-2022-48978: HID: core: fix shift-out-of-bounds in hid_report_raw_event
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

HID: core: fix shift-out-of-bounds in hid_report_raw_event

Syzbot reported shift-out-of-bounds in hid_report_raw_event.

microsoft 0003:045E:07DA.0001: hid_field_extract() called with n (128) >
32! (swapper/0)
======================================================================
UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1323:20
shift exponent 127 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted
6.1.0-rc4-syzkaller-00159-g4bbf3422df78 #0
Hardware name: Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS
Google 10/26/2022
Call Trace:
 <IRQ>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x1e3/0x2cb lib/dump_stack.c:106
 ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:151 [inline]
 __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x3a6/0x420 lib/ubsan.c:322
 snto32 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1323 [inline]
 hid_input_fetch_field drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1572 [inline]
 hid_process_report drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1665 [inline]
 hid_report_raw_event+0xd56/0x18b0 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1998
 hid_input_report+0x408/0x4f0 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2066
 hid_irq_in+0x459/0x690 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c:284
 __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x369/0x530 drivers/usb/core/hcd.c:1671
 dummy_timer+0x86b/0x3110 drivers/usb/gadget/udc/dummy_hcd.c:1988
 call_timer_fn+0xf5/0x210 kernel/time/timer.c:1474
 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1519 [inline]
 __run_timers+0x76a/0x980 kernel/time/timer.c:1790
 run_timer_softirq+0x63/0xf0 kernel/time/timer.c:1803
 __do_softirq+0x277/0x75b kernel/softirq.c:571
 __irq_exit_rcu+0xec/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:650
 irq_exit_rcu+0x5/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:662
 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x91/0xb0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1107
======================================================================

If the size of the integer (unsigned n) is bigger than 32 in snto32(),
shift exponent will be too large for 32-bit type 'int', resulting in a
shift-out-of-bounds bug.
Fix this by adding a check on the size of the integer (unsigned n) in
snto32(). To add support for n greater than 32 bits, set n to 32, if n
is greater than 32.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2022-33878: An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerabiltiy [CWE-200] in FortiClient for Mac versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 may allow a local authenticated attacker to obtain the SSL-VPN password in cleartext via running a logstream for the FortiTray process in the terminal.
CVSS v3.1: 2.2
CVE-2002-2127: Integrity Protection Driver (IPD) 1.2 and earlier blocks access to \Device\PhysicalMemory by its name, which could allow local privileged processes to overwrite kernel memory by accessing the device through a symlink.
CVSS v2.0: 2.1
CVE-2020-1616: JATP Series: JATP Is susceptible to slow brute force attacks on the SSH service.
Due to insufficient server-side login attempt limit enforcement, a vulnerability in the SSH login service of Juniper Networks Juniper Advanced Threat Prevention (JATP) Series and Virtual JATP (vJATP) devices allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform multiple login attempts in excess of the configured login attempt limit. Successful exploitation will allow the attacker to perform brute-force password attacks on the SSH service. This issue affects: Juniper Networks JATP and vJATP versions prior to 5.0.6.0.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
GHSA-jxwh-86w7-7jqj: A vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Microsoft Windows and the Cisco Webex Player for Microsoft Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerability exist because the affected software improperly validates Advanced Recording Format (ARF) and Webex Recording Format (WRF) files. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a user a malicious ARF or WRF file via a link or an email attachment and persuading the user to open the file by using the affected software. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.
CVSS v3.0: 7.8
CVE-2016-7578: An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.1 is affected. Safari before 10.0.1 is affected. iCloud before 6.0.1 is affected. iTunes before 12.5.2 is affected. tvOS before 10.0.1 is affected. The issue involves the "WebKit" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-r234-5c7f-3prg: A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Emergency Responder could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack and perform arbitrary actions on an affected device. More Information: CSCvb06663. Known Affected Releases: 11.5(1.10000.4). Known Fixed Releases: 12.0(0.98000.14).
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
GHSA-m82p-4hfp-2w2f: Nagios XI versions prior to 5.2.4 are vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) via the Menu System of the web interface. Insufficient validation or escaping of user-supplied input may allow an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary script in the context of a victim's browser.
CVSS v4.0: 5.1
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
GHSA-ch9c-f347-cqvw: The GENERATE_SEED macro in PHP 4.x before 4.4.8 and 5.x before 5.2.5, when running on 64-bit systems, performs a multiplication that generates a portion of zero bits during conversion due to insufficient precision, which produces 24 bits of entropy and simplifies brute force attacks against protection mechanisms that use the rand and mt_rand functions.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-2q9g-q8jj-fr53: Integer underflow in wolfSSL packet sniffer <= 5.8.4 allows an attacker to cause a buffer overflow in the AEAD decryption path by injecting a TLS record shorter than the explicit IV plus authentication tag into traffic inspected by ssl_DecodePacket. The underflow wraps a 16-bit length to a large value that is passed to AEAD decryption routines, causing heap buffer overflow and a crash. An unauthenticated attacker can trigger this remotely via malformed TLS Application Data records.
CVSS v4.0: 2.1
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
GHSA-m3r2-724c-pwgf: Pimcore is Vulnerable to Broken Access Control: Missing Function Level Authorization on "Static Routes" Listing
SummaryThe application fails to enforce proper server-side authorization checks on the API endpoint responsible for reading or listing static routes. In Pimcore, static routes are custom URL patterns defined via the backend interface or the var/config/staticroutes.php file, including details like regex-based patterns, controllers, variables, and priorities. These routes are registered automatically through the PimcoreStaticRoutesBundle and integrated into the MVC routing system. Testing revealed that an authenticated backend user lacking explicit permissions was able to invoke the endpoint (e.g., GET /api/static-routes) and retrieve sensitive route configurations. This violates OWASP A01:2021 Broken Access Control, as function-level authorization is absent, allowing unauthorized access to internal routing metadata. Without validation, the endpoint exposes route structures, potentially revealing application architecture, endpoints, or custom logic intended for administrative roles only.DetailsThe backend user without permission was still able to list "Static Routes" itemStep to Reproduce the issuelogin as Admin (full permission) and clicked "Static Routes"
<img width="945" height="858" alt="Screenshot 2025-12-10 at 9 36 04 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3d4ce400-9bc2-493e-a899-60d5f42ad307" />
Then, captured and saved the request:
-List API
<img width="1122" height="570" alt="Screenshot 2025-12-10 at 9 44 17 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/81dfb589-fe5d-46ed-b5ee-869a49c08557" />Next, login a backend user with no permission
<img width="1219" height="744" alt="Screenshot 2025-12-10 at 9 06 12 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1dada4c4-d907-4477-9773-70dea3ef5816" />The copy the "Cookie" and "X-Pimcore-Csrf-Token"
<img width="1902" height="971" alt="Screenshot 2025-12-10 at 9 10 47 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/63221682-fa14-429b-8665-fc9dd8bed890" />After that, pasted the copied "Cookie" and "X-Pimcore-Csrf-Token" to captured request-List APIImpactExploitation enables low-privileged users to enumerate static routes, gaining reconnaissance into URL patterns, associated controllers, and parameter handling, which could facilitate targeted attacks like path traversal, injection via exposed variables, or discovery of hidden administrative paths. In a Pimcore environment, this might expose site-specific routing for multi-tenant setups, leading to unauthorized data access, workflow manipulation, or escalation to broader system compromise. Business impacts include intellectual property leakage of custom routing logic, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR for exposed configs), and increased attack surface for chaining with other vulnerabilities.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-phx4-phq2-rjfc: The Message Queuing (aka MSMQ) service for Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, Server 2003 SP2, and Vista Gold does not properly validate unspecified IOCTL request data from user mode before passing this data to kernel mode, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted request, aka "MSMQ Null Pointer Vulnerability."
CVE-2018-17665: This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.2.0.9297. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the currentPage property of a Host object. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-6519.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
PYSEC-2022-298: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitHub repository ikus060/rdiffweb prior to 2.5.0a3.
GHSA-g3vm-w5mw-77wr: Array index error in the asihpi_hpi_ioctl function in sound/pci/asihpi/hpioctl.c in the AudioScience HPI driver in the Linux kernel before 2.6.38.1 might allow local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly gain privileges via a crafted adapter index value that triggers access to an invalid kernel pointer.
GHSA-h3gg-c3fx-2m67: Integer overflow in the soap_get function in Genivia gSOAP 2.7.x and 2.8.x before 2.8.48, as used on Axis cameras and other devices, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (stack-based buffer overflow and application crash) via a large XML document, aka Devil's Ivy. NOTE: the large document would be blocked by many common web-server configurations on general-purpose computers.
CVSS v3.0: 8.1
GHSA-8j4m-2qxx-4mqg: A security flaw has been discovered in Besen BS20 EV Charging Station up to 20260426. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Firmware Version Check. The manipulation results in improper restriction of rendered ui layers. The attack can be executed remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The original disclosure mentions, that "[t]hese vulnerabilities have been reported to Besen and we have received their acknowlegement that they are reviewing this as of April 2026."
CVSS v4.0: 2.9
CVSS v3.1: 3.7
GHSA-q288-gx5w-rvx3: An issue was discovered on Fastweb Askey RTV1907VW 0.00.81_FW_200_Askey 2018-10-02 18:08:18 devices. By using the usb_remove service through an HTTP request, it is possible to inject and execute a command between two & characters in the mount parameter.
CVE-2023-1330: Redirection < 1.1.4 - Redirect Creation via CSRF
The Redirection WordPress plugin before 1.1.4 does not add nonce verification in place when adding the redirect, which could allow attackers to add redirects via a CSRF attack.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2019-15602: The fileview package v0.1.6 has inadequate output encoding and escaping, which leads to a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in files it serves.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-qv67-8hwr-88xh: A stored XSS vulnerability exists in Umbraco CMS <= 8.9.1 or current. An authenticated user authorized to upload media can upload a malicious .svg file which act as a stored XSS payload.
CVE-2022-1975: There is a sleep-in-atomic bug in /net/nfc/netlink.c that allows an attacker to crash the Linux kernel by simulating a nfc device from user-space.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-wrg6-35jq-j6x7: Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes MaxCube maxcube allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects MaxCube: from n/a through <= 1.3.1.
CVSS v3.1: 8.2
CVE-2010-1156: core/nicklist.c in Irssi before 0.8.15 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) via vectors related to an attempted fuzzy nick match at the instant that a victim leaves a channel.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
RHSA-2020:5566: Red Hat Security Advisory: openssl security update
openssl: EDIPARTYNAME NULL pointer de-reference
CVSS v3.1: 5.9
CVE-2019-14302: On Ricoh SP C250DN 1.06 devices, a debug port can be used.
CVSS v3.1: 6.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.2
GHSA-494v-jqp4-m59h: An issue was discovered in Open-Xchange OX Guard before 2.4.2-rev5. Script code can be provided as parameter to the OX Guard guest reader web application. This allows cross-site scripting attacks against arbitrary users since no prior authentication is needed. Malicious script code can be executed within a user's context. This can lead to session hijacking or triggering unwanted actions via the web interface (sending mail, deleting data etc.) in case the user has an active session on the same domain already.
CVSS v3.0: 6.1
CVE-2017-11329: GLPI before 9.1.5 allows SQL injection via an ajax/getDropdownValue.php request with an entity_restrict parameter that is not a list of integers.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2014-6499: Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.0.2.0, 10.3.6.0, 12.1.1.0, 12.1.2.0, and 12.1.3.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to WebLogic Tuxedo Connector.
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-49pj-j6rh-ccpr: The NetBT Name Service (NBNS) for NetBIOS in Windows NT 4.0, 2000, XP, and Server 2003 may include random memory in a response to a NBNS query, which could allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information.
RHSA-2026:1582: Red Hat Security Advisory: python3.12 security update
cpython: python: cpython: Quadratic algorithm in xml.dom.minidom leads to denial of service
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
GHSA-h4qm-pq35-233f: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Cacti before 0.8.7g, as used in Red Hat High Performance Computing (HPC) Solution and other products, allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the name element in an XML template to templates_import.php; and allow remote authenticated administrators to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to (2) cdef.php, (3) data_input.php, (4) data_queries.php, (5) data_sources.php, (6) data_templates.php, (7) gprint_presets.php, (8) graph.php, (9) graphs_new.php, (10) graphs.php, (11) graph_templates_inputs.php, (12) graph_templates_items.php, (13) graph_templates.php, (14) graph_view.php, (15) host.php, (16) host_templates.php, (17) lib/functions.php, (18) lib/html_form.php, (19) lib/html_form_template.php, (20) lib/html.php, (21) lib/html_tree.php, (22) lib/rrd.php, (23) rra.php, (24) tree.php, and (25) user_admin.php.
GHSA-9jjr-xwrj-4cfc: Substance3D - Painter versions 11.1.2 and earlier are affected by a NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability that could lead to application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, causing disruption to services. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-mgq3-vvm3-gj5g: mDNSResponder in the Bonjour Namespace Provider in Apple Bonjour for Windows before 1.0.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and application crash) by resolving a crafted .local domain name that contains a long label.
GHSA-hc32-vf4h-9cg4: Passing of unsanitized strings from DHCP replies into the wicked dhcp client before wicked 0.6.79 could be used by attackers operating a malicious DHCP server to execute code on the local machine.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-xqjg-5cv9-m2h7: The TCP implementation in Sun Solaris 8, 9, and 10 before 20060726 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via a TCP packet with an incorrect sequence number, which triggers an ACK storm.
CVE-2016-5029: The create_fullest_file_path function in libdwarf before 20160923 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted dwarf file.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-gx6f-p25m-6rvf: Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in EkinBoard 1.1.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading an avatar file with an executable extension followed by a safe extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in uploaded/avatars/.