ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
RHSA-2023:7198: Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.15.0 bug fix and security update
golang.org/x/net/html: Cross site scripting follow-redirects: Improper Input Validation due to the improper handling of URLs by the url.parse() rekor: compressed archives can result in OOM conditions goproxy: Denial of service (DoS) via unspecified vectors. golang: net/http, x/net/http2: rapid stream resets can cause excessive work (CVE-2023-44487) golang: net/http/internal: Denial of Service (DoS) via Resource Consumption via HTTP requests prometheus-alertmanager: UI is vulnerable to stored XSS via the /api/v1/alerts endpoint HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) opentelemetry: DoS vulnerability in otelhttp golang: cmd/go: Protocol Fallback when fetching modules opentelemetry-go-contrib: DoS vulnerability in otelgrpc due to unbound cardinality metrics ssh: Prefix truncation attack on Binary Packet Protocol (BPP) go-git: Maliciously crafted Git server replies can lead to path traversal and RCE on go-git clients
CVSS v3.1: 8.1
CVE-2016-2973: IBM Sametime Media Services 8.5.2 and 9.0 is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 113899.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
CVSS v2.0: 3.5
GHSA-qhjv-f3m4-2v4j: Adobe ColdFusion versions Update 14 (and earlier) and Update 4 (and earlier) are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction, the vulnerability is triggered when a crafted network packet is sent to the server.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-5m7x-w8j4-fvh5: ARC (aka ARC2) through 2011-12-01 allows blind SQL Injection in getTriplePatternSQL in ARC2_StoreSelectQueryHandler.php via comments in a SPARQL WHERE clause.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2024-39535: Junos OS Evolved: ACX 7000 Series: When specific traffic is received in a VPLS scenario evo-pfemand crashes
An Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved on ACX 7000 Series allows an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS).

When a device has a Layer 3 or an IRB interface configured in a VPLS instance and specific traffic is received, the evo-pfemand processes crashes which causes a service outage for the respective FPC until the system is recovered manually.

This issue only affects Junos OS Evolved 22.4R2-S1 and 22.4R2-S2 releases and is fixed in 22.4R3. No other releases are affected.
CVSS v4.0: 7.1
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2020-8611: In Progress MOVEit Transfer 2019.1 before 2019.1.4 and 2019.2 before 2019.2.1, multiple SQL Injection vulnerabilities have been found in the REST API that could allow an authenticated attacker to gain unauthorized access to MOVEit Transfer's database via the REST API. Depending on the database engine being used (MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, or Azure SQL), an attacker may be able to infer information about the structure and contents of the database in addition to executing SQL statements that alter or destroy database elements.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.5
GHSA-qchc-75qg-v264: Use-after-free vulnerability in WebKit in Apple Safari before 5.0.1 on Mac OS X 10.5 through 10.6 and Windows, and before 4.1.1 on Mac OS X 10.4; and webkitgtk before 1.2.6; allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via vectors related to element focus.
CVE-2024-34672: Improper input validation in SamsungVideoPlayer prior to versions 7.3.29.1 in Android 12, 7.3.36.1 in Android 13, and 7.3.41.230 in Android 14 allows local attackers to access video file of other users.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2014-4462: WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 8.1.1 and Apple TV before 7.0.2, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-4452.
CVSS v2.0: 5.8
CVE-2023-48343: In video decoder, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-4cpq-x93q-3px9: A flaw was found in how Quay's database is stored in plain-text in mirror-registry on the jinja's config.yaml file. This flaw allows a malicious actor with access to this file to gain access to Quay's database.
CVSS v3.1: 7.3
GHSA-j5r3-qrhr-2674: A vulnerability was found in lmxcms up to 1.41. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file admin.php. The manipulation of the argument lid leads to sql injection. VDB-239858 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVE-2022-26921: Visual Studio Code Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Visual Studio Code Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVSS v3.1: 7.3
GHSA-v882-949x-6v28: SimpleSAMLphp allows timing side-channel attacks
The (1) Htpasswd authentication source in the authcrypt module and (2) SimpleSAML_Session class in SimpleSAMLphp 1.14.11 and earlier allow remote attackers to conduct timing side-channel attacks by leveraging use of the standard comparison operator to compare secret material against user input.
CVSS v3.0: 5.9
GHSA-3f84-j5xw-c967: UI-Dialog 1.09 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
ICSA-25-259-02: Hitachi Energy RTU500 series
A vulnerability has been identified in the openLDAP library used in Central Account Management (CAM) client. This issue can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition when a specially crafted request may cause a null pointer to dereference, resulting in affected CMU to automatically recovering itself by rebooting. A vulnerability exists in the IEC 61850 protocol of the RTU500 product series. An IEC 61850-8 crafted message content from a device (e.g. an IED) or remote system can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) resulting in disconnection of the device to the RTU 500 until next reboot. A vulnerability has been identified in the libexpat library used in IEC 61850 client and server components of the RTU500 product series. An authenticated and authorized malicious user could load a crafted XML input which may lead to memory mismanagement potentially causing RTU500 to reboot. A vulnerability has been identified in libexpat library used in the IEC 61850 client and server components of the RTU500 product series. An authenticated and authorized malicious user could load a crafted XML input which may lead to heap corruption potentially causing RTU500 to reboot. A vulnerability has been identified in libexpat library used in the IEC 61850 client and server components of the RTU500 product series. An authenticated and authorized malicious user could load a crafted XML input which leads to an integer overflow potentially causing RTU500 to reboot. A vulnerability has been identified in libexpat library used in the IEC 61850 client and server components of the RTU500 product series. An authenticated and authorized malicious user could load a crafted XML input which may lead to a memory mismanagement potentially causing RTU500 to reboot. A vulnerability exists in libxml library used by RTU500 Web server functionality. An authenticated and authorized malicious user could send a crafted XML message which may lead to buffer overflow potentially causing RTU500 to reboot.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
RHSA-2026:18055: Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1.6 security update
bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: GOSTCTR implementation unable to process more than 255 blocks correctly org.wildfly.core:wildfly-elytron-integration: Wildfly Elytron Brute Force Attack via CLI org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils: Plexus-utils: Directory Traversal in extractFile method bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: LDAP injection vulnerability in LDAPStoreHelper.java bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: unbounded PGP AEAD chunk size leads to pre-auth resource exhaustion bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: PKIX draft CompositeVerifier accepts empty signature sequence as valid bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: private key leakage via non-constant time comparisons minimatch: minimatch: Denial of Service via specially crafted glob patterns org.apache.artemis:artemis-server: org.apache.activemq:artemis-server: Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: Message injection and exfiltration due to missing authentication com.mchange/mchange-commons-java: mchange-commons-java: Arbitrary code execution via JNDI dereferencing of crafted objects c3p0: c3p0: Arbitrary Code Execution via deserialization of crafted objects minimatch: Minimatch: Denial of Service via catastrophic backtracking in glob expressions io.netty/netty-codec-http: Netty: Request smuggling via incorrect parsing of HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values netty: Netty: Denial of Service via HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frame flood
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2004-1639: Mozilla Firefox before 0.10, Mozilla 5.0, and Gecko 20040913 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash or memory consumption) via a large binary file with a .html extension.
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2025-14545: YML for Yandex Market < 5.0.26 - Shop Manager+ RCE via Feed Generation
The YML for Yandex Market WordPress plugin before 5.0.26 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via the feed generation process.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-2ff3-7vm4-rv8x: PPPDialer for Mac OS X 10.2.8 through 10.3.5 allows local users to overwrite system files via a symlink attack on PPPDialer log files.
GHSA-79xj-76v6-3wgv: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:RDMA/bnxt_re: Add a check for memory allocation__alloc_pbl() can return error when memory allocation fails.
Driver is not checking the status on one of the instances.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2005-2084: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in SearchResults.aspx in Community Forum allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the q parameter.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2026-1282: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.6 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that could have allowed an authenticated user to inject malicious content into project labels titles.
CVSS v3.1: 3.5
CVE-2024-40730: A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in netbox v4.0.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload injected into the Name parameter at /dcim/interfaces/{id}/edit/.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
RHSA-2026:0241: Red Hat Security Advisory: libpng security update
libpng: LIBPNG buffer overflow libpng: LIBPNG heap buffer overflow libpng: LIBPNG out-of-bounds read in png_image_read_composite
CVSS v3.1: 7.1
GHSA-v4rc-hq4f-4cmp: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 17.4 and iPadOS 17.4. An attacker with arbitrary kernel read and write capability may be able to bypass kernel memory protections. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2025-12263: code-projects Online Event Judging System edit_judge.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in code-projects Online Event Judging System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /edit_judge.php. The manipulation of the argument judge_id leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
CVSS v4.0: 5.3
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
CVSS v3.0: 6.3
CVSS v2.0: 6.5
CVE-2020-9262: HUAWEI Mate 30 with versions earlier than 10.1.0.150(C00E136R5P3) have a use after free vulnerability. There is a condition exists that the system would reference memory after it has been freed, the attacker should trick the user into running a crafted application with high privilege, successful exploit could cause code execution.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-wxj8-5gp5-wmxf: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:cxl/pci: Fix disabling memory if DVSEC CXL Range does not match a CFMWS windowThe Linux CXL subsystem is built on the assumption that HPA == SPA.
That is, the host physical address (HPA) the HDM decoder registers are
programmed with are system physical addresses (SPA).During HDM decoder setup, the DVSEC CXL range registers (cxl-3.1,
8.1.3.8) are checked if the memory is enabled and the CXL range is in
a HPA window that is described in a CFMWS structure of the CXL host
bridge (cxl-3.1, 9.18.1.3).Now, if the HPA is not an SPA, the CXL range does not match a CFMWS
window and the CXL memory range will be disabled then. The HDM decoder
stops working which causes system memory being disabled and further a
system hang during HDM decoder initialization, typically when a CXL
enabled kernel boots.Prevent a system hang and do not disable the HDM decoder if the
decoder's CXL range is not found in a CFMWS window.Note the change only fixes a hardware hang, but does not implement
HPA/SPA translation. Support for this can be added in a follow on
patch series.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2025-62405: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TP-Link Archer AX53
Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in TP-Link Archer AX53 v1.0 (tmpserver modules) allows authenticated adjacent attackers to cause a segmentation fault or potentially execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted network packet containing a field whose length exceeds the maximum expected value.This issue affects Archer AX53 v1.0: through 1.3.1 Build 20241120.
CVSS v4.0: 7.3
CVE-2002-0303: GroupWise 6, when using LDAP authentication and when Post Office has a blank username and password, allows attackers to gain privileges of other users by logging in without a password.
CVSS v2.0: 4.6
GHSA-2ww6-2gwx-v942: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:net/mlx5: Fix variable not being completed when function returnsWhen cmd_alloc_index(), fails cmd_work_handler() needs
to complete ent->slotted before returning early.
Otherwise the task which issued the command may hang:mlx5_core 0000:01:00.0: cmd_work_handler:877:(pid 3880418): failed to allocate command entry
   INFO: task kworker/13:2:4055883 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
         Not tainted 4.19.90-25.44.v2101.ky10.aarch64 #1
   "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
   kworker/13:2    D    0 4055883      2 0x00000228
   Workqueue: events mlx5e_tx_dim_work [mlx5_core]
   Call trace:
      __switch_to+0xe8/0x150
      __schedule+0x2a8/0x9b8
      schedule+0x2c/0x88
      schedule_timeout+0x204/0x478
      wait_for_common+0x154/0x250
      wait_for_completion+0x28/0x38
      cmd_exec+0x7a0/0xa00 [mlx5_core]
      mlx5_cmd_exec+0x54/0x80 [mlx5_core]
      mlx5_core_modify_cq+0x6c/0x80 [mlx5_core]
      mlx5_core_modify_cq_moderation+0xa0/0xb8 [mlx5_core]
      mlx5e_tx_dim_work+0x54/0x68 [mlx5_core]
      process_one_work+0x1b0/0x448
      worker_thread+0x54/0x468
      kthread+0x134/0x138
      ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-wggx-5j3m-2vp5: MDaemon Technologies SecurityGateway for Email Servers 8.5.2 is vulnerable to HTTP Response splitting via the format parameter.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2025-24782: WordPress Post Grid, Slider & Carousel Ultimate – with Shortcode, Gutenberg Block & Elementor Widget plugin <= 1.6.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wpWax Post Grid, Slider & Carousel Ultimate post-grid-carousel-ultimate allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Post Grid, Slider & Carousel Ultimate: from n/a through <= 1.6.10.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2017-1774: IBM Security Guardium Big Data Intelligence (SonarG) 3.1 discloses sensitive information to unauthorized users. The information can be used to mount further attacks on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 136818.
CVSS v3.0: 5.3
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2009-1549: AGTC MyShop 3.2b allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and obtain administrative access setting the log_accept cookie to "correcto."
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
RHSA-2025:15837: Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 1.5 (NVIDIA)
vllm: vLLM Allows Remote Code Execution via PyNcclPipe Communication Service python-pillow: pillow: Pillow DDS Heap Buffer Overflow
CVSS v3.1: 7.1
CVE-2023-4972: Information Disclosure in Digital Yepas
Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs vulnerability in Yepas Digital Yepas allows Collect Data as Provided by Users.

This issue affects Digital Yepas: before 1.0.1.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2015-1662: Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-1659 and CVE-2015-1665.
CVSS v2.0: 9.3
GHSA-w59f-q6p4-9p4v: Jettweb PHP Hazir Rent A Car Sitesi Scripti V2 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the arac_kategori_id parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to the endpoint with malicious SQL payloads to extract sensitive database information.
CVSS v4.0: 8.8
CVSS v3.1: 8.2
CVE-2025-49880: WordPress CubeWP Forms plugin <= 1.1.5 - Broken Access Control Vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Imran Tauqeer CubeWP Forms cubewp-forms allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects CubeWP Forms: from n/a through <= 1.1.5.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
CVE-2023-3917: Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input in GitLab
Denial of Service in pipelines affecting all versions of Gitlab EE and CE prior to 16.2.8, 16.3 prior to 16.3.5, and 16.4 prior to 16.4.1 allows attacker to cause pipelines to fail.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-qc6v-4m2q-7q39: Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in the FileBrowser components in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 4.3-3810 Update 3 allow remote attackers to read, write, and delete arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the (1) path parameter to file_delete.cgi or (2) folder_path parameter to file_share.cgi in webapi/FileStation/; (3) dlink parameter to fbdownload/; or unspecified parameters to (4) html5_upload.cgi, (5) file_download.cgi, (6) file_sharing.cgi, (7) file_MVCP.cgi, or (8) file_rename.cgi in webapi/FileStation/.
CVE-2012-2450: VMware Workstation 8.x before 8.0.3, VMware Player 4.x before 4.0.3, VMware Fusion 4.x before 4.1.2, VMware ESXi 3.5 through 5.0, and VMware ESX 3.5 through 4.1 do not properly register SCSI devices, which allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (invalid write operation and VMX process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code on the host OS by leveraging administrative privileges on the guest OS.
CVSS v2.0: 9
GHSA-wc48-x993-f73q: The aac_send_raw_srb function in drivers/scsi/aacraid/commctrl.c in the Linux kernel through 3.12.1 does not properly validate a certain size value, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (invalid pointer dereference) or possibly have unspecified other impact via an FSACTL_SEND_RAW_SRB ioctl call that triggers a crafted SRB command.
CVE-2026-7398: florensiawidjaja BioinfoMCP Upload Endpoint app.py upload path traversal
A weakness has been identified in florensiawidjaja BioinfoMCP up to 7ada7918b9e515604d3c0ae264d3a9af10bf6e54. This vulnerability affects the function Upload of the file bioinfo_mcp_platform/app.py of the component Upload Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument Name causes path traversal. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
CVSS v4.0: 6.9
CVSS v3.1: 7.3
CVSS v3.0: 7.3
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
GHSA-rc8p-8p78-4qgh: Unspecified vulnerability in Positive Software Corporation CP+ (cpplus) before 2.5.5 allows attackers to have unknown impact and attack vectors, related to "a possible security flaw caused by a bug in Perl." NOTE: unless CP+ includes its own copy of Perl with CVE-2005-3962, this is a different vulnerability than CVE-2005-3962; however, there is insufficient information to be sure.
GHSA-6j8v-hm8p-v3ff: The ACF On-The-Go plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the acfg_update_fields() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary post titles, descriptions, and ACF values.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-qf87-w7v3-9256: Multiple improper array index validation vulnerabilities exist in the fstReaderIterBlocks2 tdelta functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. A specially crafted .fst file can lead to arbitrary code execution. A victim would need to open a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.This vulnerability concerns the tdelta initialization part.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2025-11156: Improper Service Loading Vulnerability in Netskope Endpoint DLP Driver
Netskope was notified about a potential gap in its agent (NS Client) on Windows systems.  If this gap is successfully exploited, a local, authenticated user with Administrator privileges can improperly load the driver as a generic kernel service. This triggers the flaw, causing a system crash (Blue-Screen-of-Death) and resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the affected machine.
CVSS v4.0: 5.9
CVE-2020-37172: AVideo Platform 8.1 - Cross Site Request Forgery (Password Reset)
AVideo Platform 8.1 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to reset user passwords by exploiting the password recovery mechanism. Attackers can craft malicious requests to the recoverPass endpoint using the user's recovery token to change account credentials without authentication.
CVSS v4.0: 8.5
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
CVE-2021-21745: ZTE MF971R product has a Referer authentication bypass vulnerability. Without CSRF verification, an attackercould use this vulnerability to perform illegal authorization operations by sending a request to the user to click.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-j94j-6gp3-2xmh: A vulnerability was identified in HBAI-Ltd Toonflow-app up to 1.1.1. This issue affects the function updateStoryboardUrl of the file replaceUrl.ts of the component Storyboard Export. Such manipulation of the argument url leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. It is still unclear if this vulnerability genuinely exists. The vendor explains in a reply to the issue report, that "[t]he URL of this interface is designed to only be a local address or a trusted domain address configured in docker, and will not contain malicious links, unless the user modifies the code causing unexpected situations."
CVSS v4.0: 2.1
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
CVE-2006-5612: PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in aide.php3 (aka aide.php) in GestArt beta 1, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the aide parameter.
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2005-2836: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Phorum 5.0.17a and earlier allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the username parameter to register.php or (2) a signature of a logged-in user in "My Control Center," which is not properly handled by control.php.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-5x54-h95j-m4f2: The PDF functionality in Google Chrome before 22.0.1229.79 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors that trigger out-of-bounds write operations.