GHSA-jfgf-83c5-2c4m: i18next-http-middleware has path traversal / SSRF via user-controlled language and namespace parameters
SummaryVersions of `i18next-http-middleware` prior to 3.9.3 pass the user-controlled `lng` and `ns` values from `getResourcesHandler` directly into `i18next.services.backendConnector.load(languages, namespaces, …)` without any sanitisation. Depending on which backend is configured, the unvalidated path segments enable one of two attacks:**Filesystem path traversal** when the middleware is paired with `i18next-fs-backend` (or any backend that interpolates `lng` / `ns` into a filesystem path).**Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)** when the middleware is paired with `i18next-http-backend` (or any backend that interpolates into an HTTP URL).Example request:with `i18next-fs-backend` reads the attacker-chosen file from disk; with `i18next-http-backend` reshapes the outgoing URL to target an internal service.Impact**Arbitrary file read** via `fs`-style backends — any file the Node process can read becomes reachable (source, configuration, `.ssh` keys, `.env`, Docker secrets, etc.).**SSRF** via `http`-style backends — requests to internal IPs / hostnames not normally reachable from the internet; combined with cloud metadata endpoints this can escalate to credential theft.**Unbounded growth of `i18next.options.ns`** — a now-incidental amplification: the pre-patch `getResourcesHandler` pushed every unique `ns` value into the shared `i18next.options.ns` singleton array without validation or bounds, enabling memory exhaustion from repeated unique payloads.The severity is bounded by the backend in place, but the middleware itself exposed the unsanitised path; this is the "weakest link" layer.Affected versions`< 3.9.3`.PatchFixed in **3.9.3**. The patch introduces `utils.isSafeIdentifier` and applies it in `getResourcesHandler` before `lng` and `ns` reach the backend connector:`isSafeIdentifier` uses a denylist approach — it still accepts any legitimate i18next language-code shape ([i18next FAQ](https://www.i18next.com/how-to/faq#how-should-the-language-codes-be-formatted)) — rejecting:`..` sequences (relative path traversal)path separators (`/`, `\`)control characters (C0/C1)prototype keys (`__proto__` / `constructor` / `prototype`)empty strings and values longer than 128 charactersUnsafe values are dropped; only safe values reach the backend. The fix is a defence-in-depth layer on top of any sanitisation the backend itself may apply.WorkaroundsNo workaround short of upgrading. Front-proxying the middleware with a WAF rule that rejects requests containing `..`, `/`, `\`, or URL-structure characters in `lng` / `ns` is a partial mitigation. Upgrading the configured backend (`i18next-fs-backend` ≥ 2.6.4, `i18next-http-backend` ≥ 3.0.5) also closes the same attack at the next layer.Related advisories fixed in the same release[GHSA-5fgg-jcpf-8jjw](https://github.com/i18next/i18next-http-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-5fgg-jcpf-8jjw) — prototype pollution via `setPath` and `missingKeyHandler`. Independently fixable, filed separately per CNA rules.[GHSA-c3h8-g69v-pjrg](https://github.com/i18next/i18next-http-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-c3h8-g69v-pjrg) — HTTP response splitting + XSS-filter bypass (CVE-2026-41683).CreditsDiscovered via an internal security audit of the i18next ecosystem.Resources[CWE-22: Path Traversal](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/22.html)[CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html) (specific sub-case when paired with an HTTP backend)[i18next FAQ: language code formatting](https://www.i18next.com/how-to/faq#how-should-the-language-codes-be-formatted)
CVSS v3.1: 8.2