GHSA-ccxc-vr6p-4858: Improper Certificate Validation in Cosign
ImpactCosign can be manipulated to claim that an entry for a signature exists in the Rekor transparency log even if it doesn't. This requires the attacker to have pull and push permissions for the signature in OCI. This can happen with both standard signing with a keypair and "keyless signing" with Fulcio.Signing with a keypairTo reproduce this vulnerability, create a keypair and sign an image. Don't store the signature in Rekor:If an attacker has access to the signature in OCI, they can manipulate cosign into believing the entry was stored in Rekor even though it wasn't. To accomplish this, the attacker needs to:Pull the signature imageAnnotate the signature image with any valid Rekor bundle under the `dev.sigstore.cosign/bundle` annotationPush the signature image back to OCIVerification then prints out the following:The claim that `Existence of the claims in the transparency log was verified offline` is inaccurate since an entry for this image doesn't exist in the log.
The claim that `Any certificates were verified against the Fulcio roots.` is technically correct but since there were no certificates that should be explicitly called out."Keyless signing" with an OIDC flowTo reproduce this vulnerability, sign the image with a Fulcio identity. Don't store the signature in Rekor:Then, create a keypair and sign the image again. Store an entry for the signature in Rekor:If an attacker has access to the signature in OCI, they can manipulate cosign into believing the entry was stored in Rekor even though it wasn't. To accomplish this, the attacker needs to:Pull the signature imageCopy the rekor bundle from the second signature into the first signature under the `dev.sigstore.cosign/bundle` annotationPush the signature image back to OCI_Note: For this to work, both signatures must occur during the valid lifespan of the certificate (~20 minutes)._Verification then prints out the following:The claim that `Existence of the claims in the transparency log was verified offline` is inaccurate since an entry for this image doesn't exist in the log.The claim that `Any certificates were verified against the Fulcio roots.` is technically correct but since there were no certificates that should be explicitly called out.PatchesThe vulnerability has been patched in v1.5.2 of cosign.The `signature` in the `signedEntryTimestamp` provided by Rekor is now compared to the `signature` that is being verified. If these don't match, then an error is returned. If a valid bundle is copied to a different signature, verification should fail.Cosign output now only informs the user that certificates were verified if a certificate was in fact verified.WorkaroundsThe only workaround is upgrading.For more informationIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:Open an issue in [cosign](https://github.com/sigstore/cosign)Send us a message on [Slack](https://sigstore.slack.com/). Invite link [here](https://join.slack.com/t/sigstore/shared_invite/zt-mhs55zh0-XmY3bcfWn4XEyMqUUutbUQ).Thank youThank you to @mtrmac for finding and reporting this vulnerability.Thank you to everyone who worked on fixing this:@nsmith5@znewman01@dlorenc@mattmoor@priyawadhwa
CVSS v3.1: 3.3