ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2026-53908: User Enumeration in MCO
MCO is vulnerable to User Enumeration through authentication-related functionalities. The application returns distinguishable responses for valid and invalid users during username reminder and password reset operations. An attacker can leverage these differences to enumerate valid usernames and email addresses.

Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 25.3.3.1 but may also affect other versions.
CVSS v4.0: 6.9
GHSA-gm3x-23wp-hc2c: Path Normalization Bypass in Traefik Router + Middleware Rules
ImpactThere is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing the requests using a `PathPrefix`, `Path` or `PathRegex` matcher.When Traefik is configured to route the requests to a backend using a matcher based on the path; if the request path contains an encoded restricted character from the following set **('/', '\', 'Null', ';', '?', '#')**, it’s possible to target a backend, exposed using another router, by-passing the middlewares chain.ExampleIn such a case, the request `http://mydomain.example.com/admin%2F` will reach the backend `service-a` without operating the middleware `my-security-middleware` and passing the security put in place for the `/admin/` path.Patcheshttps://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v2.11.32https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.4For more informationIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please [open an issue](https://github.com/traefik/traefik/issues).DetailsTraefik evaluates router rules before decoding or normalizing the request path, but forwards the request after decoding to the backend service. As a result, routes meant to block access to sensitive endpoints (such as internal, beta, or admin endpoints) can be trivially bypassed.PoCTraefik configuration used in this issue :The intention is to block all access to /report_note.However, the following request bypasses the block:ImpactAccess Control Bypass:
Any endpoint intended to be blocked (e.g., admin/debug/beta APIs) can be accessed by URL-encoding slashes or other characters.This could lead to:Unauthorized access to restricted endpointsExecution of protected internal functionalityPotential privilege escalationBypass of security policies enforced via Traefik routing rules
CVSS v4.0: 6.9
CVE-2025-6146: TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formSysLog buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /boafrm/formSysLog of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v4.0: 8.7
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 9
CVE-2019-11836: The Rediffmail (aka com.rediff.mail.and) application 2.2.6 for Android has cleartext mail content in file storage, persisting after a logout.
CVSS v3.0: 4.6
CVSS v2.0: 2.1
ICSA-23-152-01: Advantech WebAccess/SCADA
In Advantech WebAccss/SCADA v9.1.3 and prior, there is an arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability, which could allow an attacker to overwrite any file in the operating system (including system files), inject code into an XLS file, and modify the file extension, which could lead to arbitrary code execution. In Advantech WebAccss/SCADA v9.1.3 and prior, there is an arbitrary file upload vulnerability that could allow an attacker to upload an ASP script file to a webserver when logged in as manager user, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. In Advantech WebAccss/SCADA v9.1.3 and prior, there is an arbitrary file upload vulnerability that could allow an attacker to modify the file extension of a certificate file to ASP when uploading it, which can lead to remote code execution.
CVSS v3.0: 7.2
GHSA-h9fp-2pjq-92gw: A remote attacker can sometimes identify the operating system of a host based on how it reacts to some IP or ICMP packets, using a tool such as nmap or queso.
GHSA-rr83-wq3m-jxcr: The ghost plugin before 0.5.6 for WordPress has no access control for wp-admin/tools.php?ghostexport=true downloads of exported data.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-9h8g-rrqg-62qj: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Amuse Labs PuzzleMe for WordPress allows Stored XSS. This issue affects PuzzleMe for WordPress: from n/a through 1.2.0.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2019-9428: In the Framework, it is possible to set up BROWSEABLE intents to take over certain URLs. This could lead to remote information disclosure of sensitive URLs with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-110150807
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-6hh4-7wc7-6vq9: In AWStats through 7.8, cgi-bin/awstats.pl?config= accepts a partial absolute pathname (omitting the initial /etc), even though it was intended to only read a file in the /etc/awstats/awstats.conf format. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-1000501 and CVE-2020-29600.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
CVE-2003-0317: iisPROTECT 2.1 and 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an HTTP request containing URL-encoded characters.
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2019-25549: VeryPDF PCL Converter 2.7 Denial of Service via PDF Security
VeryPDF PCL Converter 2.7 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an excessively long password string. Attackers can trigger a buffer overflow by entering a 3000-byte password in the PDF Security encryption fields, causing the application to crash when processing PCL files.
CVSS v4.0: 6.9
CVSS v3.1: 6.2
CVE-2023-47639: API Platform Core can leak exceptions message that may contain sensitive information
API Platform Core is a system to create hypermedia-driven REST and GraphQL APIs. From 3.2.0 until 3.2.4, exception messages, that are not HTTP exceptions, are visible in the JSON error response. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.2.5.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
CVE-2018-0436: Cisco Webex Teams Information Disclosure and Modification Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Teams, formerly Cisco Spark, could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to view and modify data for an organization other than their own organization. The vulnerability exists because the affected software performs insufficient checks for associations between user accounts and organization accounts. An attacker who has administrator or compliance officer privileges for one organization account could exploit this vulnerability by using those privileges to view and modify data for another organization account. No customer data was impacted by this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1: 8.7
CVSS v2.0: 5.5
CVE-2024-40854: A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 17.7.1 and iPadOS 17.7.1, iOS 18.1 and iPadOS 18.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.1, macOS Ventura 13.7.1. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2016-10948: The Post Indexer plugin before 3.0.6.2 for WordPress has incorrect handling of data passed to the unserialize function.
CVSS v3.1: 8.1
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
CVE-2018-12264: Exiv2 0.26 has integer overflows in LoaderTiff::getData() in preview.cpp, leading to an out-of-bounds read in Exiv2::ValueType::setDataArea in value.hpp.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
ICSA-19-199-01: Johnson Controls exacqVision Server
Some services have an unquoted service path. If an authenticated user is able to insert code in the system root path, that code can be executed during the application startup.CVE-2019-7590 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
CVSS v3.0: 6.7
CVE-2016-9009: IBM WebSphere MQ 8.0 could allow an authenticated user with authority to create a cluster object to cause a denial of service to MQ clustering. IBM Reference #: 1998647.
CVSS v3.0: 3.1
CVSS v2.0: 4
CVE-2023-54199: drm/msm/adreno: Fix null ptr access in adreno_gpu_cleanup()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/msm/adreno: Fix null ptr access in adreno_gpu_cleanup()

Fix the below kernel panic due to null pointer access:
[   18.504431] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000048
[   18.513464] Mem abort info:
[   18.516346]   ESR = 0x0000000096000005
[   18.520204]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[   18.525706]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
[   18.528878]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[   18.532117]   FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault
[   18.537138] Data abort info:
[   18.540110]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000005
[   18.544060]   CM = 0, WnR = 0
[   18.547109] user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000112826000
[   18.553738] [0000000000000048] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000, pud=0000000000000000
[   18.562690] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
**Snip**
[   18.696758] Call trace:
[   18.699278]  adreno_gpu_cleanup+0x30/0x88
[   18.703396]  a6xx_destroy+0xc0/0x130
[   18.707066]  a6xx_gpu_init+0x308/0x424
[   18.710921]  adreno_bind+0x178/0x288
[   18.714590]  component_bind_all+0xe0/0x214
[   18.718797]  msm_drm_bind+0x1d4/0x614
[   18.722566]  try_to_bring_up_aggregate_device+0x16c/0x1b8
[   18.728105]  __component_add+0xa0/0x158
[   18.732048]  component_add+0x20/0x2c
[   18.735719]  adreno_probe+0x40/0xc0
[   18.739300]  platform_probe+0xb4/0xd4
[   18.743068]  really_probe+0xfc/0x284
[   18.746738]  __driver_probe_device+0xc0/0xec
[   18.751129]  driver_probe_device+0x48/0x110
[   18.755421]  __device_attach_driver+0xa8/0xd0
[   18.759900]  bus_for_each_drv+0x90/0xdc
[   18.763843]  __device_attach+0xfc/0x174
[   18.767786]  device_initial_probe+0x20/0x2c
[   18.772090]  bus_probe_device+0x40/0xa0
[   18.776032]  deferred_probe_work_func+0x94/0xd0
[   18.780686]  process_one_work+0x190/0x3d0
[   18.784805]  worker_thread+0x280/0x3d4
[   18.788659]  kthread+0x104/0x1c0
[   18.791981]  ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[   18.795654] Code: f9400408 aa0003f3 aa1f03f4 91142015 (f9402516)
[   18.801913] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[   18.809039] Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception

Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/515605/
CVE-2026-33068: Claude Code has a Workspace Trust Dialog Bypass via Repo-Controlled Settings File
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Versions prior to 2.1.53 resolved the permission mode from settings files, including the repo-controlled .claude/settings.json, before determining whether to display the workspace trust confirmation dialog. A malicious repository could set permissions.defaultMode to bypassPermissions in its committed .claude/settings.json, causing the trust dialog to be silently skipped on first open. This allowed a user to be placed into a permissive mode without seeing the trust confirmation prompt, making it easier for an attacker-controlled repository to gain tool execution without explicit user consent. This issue has been patched in version 2.1.53.
CVSS v4.0: 7.7
GHSA-2vgv-hgv4-22mh: Gitea improperly exposes issue and pull request titles
Gitea's notification API does not re-validate repository access permissions when returning notification details. After a user's access to a private repository is revoked, they may still view issue and pull request titles through previously received notifications.
CVSS v4.0: 2.3
CVE-2018-3252: Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component of Oracle Fusion Middleware (subcomponent: WLS Core Components). Supported versions that are affected are 10.3.6.0, 12.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.3. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via T3 to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2024-51526: Permission control vulnerability in the hidebug module
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.
CVSS v3.1: 8.2
CVE-2009-2193: Buffer overflow in the kernel in Apple Mac OS X 10.5 before 10.5.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (system crash) via a crafted AppleTalk response packet.
CVSS v2.0: 10
GHSA-5mj7-xm92-5p4m: alinto SOGo 5.12.3 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS) via the "userName" parameter.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
GHSA-p62j-qhrf-4hmm: A validation issue was addressed with improved input sanitization. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVE-2018-13330: System command injection in ajaxdata.php in TerraMaster TOS version 3.1.03 allows attackers to execute system commands during group creation via the "groupname" parameter.
CVSS v3.0: 7.2
CVSS v2.0: 9
CVE-2014-4748: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Classic Meeting Server in IBM Sametime 8.x through 8.5.2.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2024-50459: WordPress AidWP plugin <= 3.2.3 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Hossni Mubarak AidWP wp-stripe-donation allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects AidWP: from n/a through <= 3.2.3.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
CVE-2013-2819: The Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO gateway 4221_4.0.11.003 and 4228_4.0.11.003 allows remote attackers to install Trojan horse firmware by leveraging cleartext credentials in a crafted (1) update or (2) reprogramming action.
CVSS v2.0: 9.3
CVE-2005-2351: Mutt before 1.5.20 patch 7 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via a series of requests to mutt temporary files.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVSS v2.0: 2.1
GHSA-fcgr-c79j-5q35: The NotificationBroadcastReceiver class in the com.android.phone process in Google Android 4.1.1 through 4.4.2 allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and consequently make phone calls to arbitrary numbers, send mmi or ussd codes, or hangup ongoing calls via a crafted application.
CVSS v3.0: 7.8
GHSA-xcp8-hh74-f6mc: oslo.middleware Information Disclosure vulnerability
python-oslo-middleware before versions 3.8.1, 3.19.1, 3.23.1 is vulnerable to an information disclosure. Software using the CatchError class could include sensitive values in a traceback's error message. System users could exploit this flaw to obtain sensitive information from OpenStack component error logs (for example, keystone tokens).
CVSS v4.0: 7.1
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVE-2015-5693: The management console on Symantec Web Gateway (SWG) appliances with software before 5.2.2 DB 5.0.0.1277 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via vectors related to "traffic capture."
CVSS v2.0: 7.9
CVE-2026-28742: Naxclow IoT Platform Use of hard-coded cryptographic key
Naxclow devices use a uniform request-signing scheme based on a hard-coded, platform-wide salt embedded in every firmware image. Once this salt is recovered from any device, an attacker can generate valid signatures for arbitrary device or account operations due to the absence of per-device keys, server-side nonce tracking, or replay protections. Combined with the system’s use of plain HTTP for control-plane traffic, the construction enables broad request forgery and impersonation across the platform.
CVSS v4.0: 9.2
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-f9q7-4g29-6cqq: PHP remote file include vulnerability in sol_menu.php in PeHePe Uyelik Sistemi (aka PeHePe MemberShip Management System) 3 allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the uye_klasor parameter, along with a misafir[] parameter that is set to UYE_SEVIYE.
GHSA-qp2p-hqhr-hrw4: Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in Jungo WinDriver before 12.5.1 allows local attackers to cause a Windows blue screen error.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2021-33928: Buffer overflow vulnerability in function pool_installable in src/repo.h in libsolv before 0.7.17 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2021-34387: The ARM TrustZone Technology on which Trusty is based on contains a vulnerability in access permission settings where the portion of the DRAM reserved for TrustZone is identity-mapped by TLK with read, write, and execute permissions, which gives write access to kernel code and data that is otherwise mapped read only.
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
GHSA-pw38-xv9x-h8ch: RunGptLLM class in LlamaIndex has a command injection
A command injection vulnerability exists in the RunGptLLM class of the llama_index library, version 0.9.47, used by the RunGpt framework from JinaAI to connect to Language Learning Models (LLMs). The vulnerability arises from the improper use of the eval function, allowing a malicious or compromised LLM hosting provider to execute arbitrary commands on the client's machine. This issue was fixed in version 0.10.13. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a hosting provider gaining full control over client machines.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVE-2024-46482: An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Ticket Generation function of Ladybird Web Solution Faveo-Helpdesk v2.0.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .html or .svg file.
CVSS v3.1: 8.2
GHSA-8qg8-c7mw-6fj7: Mattermost Server is vulnerable to Directory Traversal by System Admins
An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 4.3.0, 4.2.1, and 4.1.2 when local storage for files is used. A System Admin can achieve directory traversal.
GHSA-8prr-6f8h-3j5j: Directory traversal vulnerability in view_member.php in Public Warehouse LightBlog 9.6 allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the username parameter.
CVE-2021-41471: SQL injection vulnerability in Sourcecodester South Gate Inn Online Reservation System v1 by oretnom23, allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the email and Password parameters.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2019-5222: There is an information disclosure vulnerability on Secure Input of certain Huawei smartphones in Versions earlier than Tony-AL00B 9.1.0.216(C00E214R2P1). The Secure Input does not properly limit certain system privilege. An attacker tricks the user to install a malicious application and successful exploit could result in information disclosure.
CVSS v3.0: 5.5
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
CVE-2018-17773: Ingenico Telium 2 POS terminals have a buffer overflow via SOCKET_TASK in the NTPT3 protocol. This is fixed in Telium 2 SDK v9.32.03 patch N.
CVSS v3.1: 6.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.2
CVE-2017-16387: An issue was discovered in Adobe Acrobat and Reader: 2017.012.20098 and earlier versions, 2017.011.30066 and earlier versions, 2015.006.30355 and earlier versions, and 11.0.22 and earlier versions. This vulnerability occurs as a result of a computation that reads data that is past the end of the target buffer; the computation is part of the JPEG2000 codec. The use of an invalid (out-of-range) pointer offset during access of internal data structure fields causes the vulnerability. A successful attack can lead to sensitive data exposure.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 9.3
GHSA-2fvm-f59j-qxw9: A security flaw has been discovered in Flycatcher Toys smART Pixelator 2.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Bluetooth Low Energy Interface. Performing a manipulation results in missing authentication. The attack can only be performed from the local network. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0: 2.1
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
CVE-2014-0885: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Admin Web UI in IBM Lotus Protector for Mail Security 2.8.x before 2.8.1-22905 allows remote authenticated users to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-9r2p-xmm5-5ppg: Dmidecode before 3.5 allows -dump-bin to overwrite a local file. This has security relevance because, for example, execution of Dmidecode via Sudo is plausible.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2009-1335: Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and 8 on Windows XP and Vista allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application hang) via a large document composed of unprintable characters, aka MSRC 9011jr.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3
GHSA-whcw-8q99-gh38: A vulnerability was found in Itech News Portal 6.28. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file /news-portal-script/information.php. The manipulation of the argument inf leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2025-50070: Vulnerability in the JDBC component of Oracle Database Server.  Supported versions that are affected are 23.4-23.8. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Authenticated OS User privilege with logon to the infrastructure where JDBC executes to compromise JDBC.  Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in JDBC, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all JDBC accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
GHSA-chv5-2f3c-f6gx: IBM Jazz for Service Management is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 231381.
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
CVE-2008-5368: muttprint in muttprint 0.72d allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the /tmp/muttprint.log temporary file.
CVSS v2.0: 6.9
CVE-2009-4374: Directory traversal vulnerability in repository/repository_attachment.php in AlienVault Open Source Security Information Management (OSSIM) 2.1.5, and possibly other versions before 2.1.5-4, allows remote attackers to upload files into arbitrary directories via a .. (dot dot) in the id_document parameter.
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2021-35634: Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.26 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
CVSS v3.1: 4.9
GHSA-5xqv-pf59-9r2g: This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. Crafted data in a U3D file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18339.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2023-40144: OS command injection vulnerability in the CBC products allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command on the device or alter its settings. As for the affected products/versions, see the detailed information provided by the vendor. Note that NR4H, NR8H, NR16H series and DR-16F, DR-8F, DR-4F, DR-16H, DR-8H, DR-4H, DR-4M41 series are no longer supported, therefore updates for those products are not provided.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8