ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2021-20278: An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in Kiali in versions before 1.31.0 when the authentication strategy `OpenID` is used. When RBAC is enabled, Kiali assumes that some of the token validation is handled by the underlying cluster. When OpenID `implicit flow` is used with RBAC turned off, this token validation doesn't occur, and this allows a malicious user to bypass the authentication.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 5.8
CVE-2026-25723: Claude Code Vulnerable to Command Injection via Piped sed Command Bypasses File Write Restrictions
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.55, Claude Code failed to properly validate commands using piped sed operations with the echo command, allowing attackers to bypass file write restrictions. This vulnerability enabled writing to sensitive directories like the .claude folder and paths outside the project scope. Exploiting this required the ability to execute commands through Claude Code with the "accept edits" feature enabled. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.55.
CVSS v4.0: 7.7
GHSA-qv79-34fp-fr62: Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd Tenda W3 Wireless Router v1.0.0.3(2204) was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the wl_radio parameter of the formwrlSSIDget function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-g9fh-r8w8-f67g: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in bPlugins LLC Logo Carousel – Clients logo carousel for WP allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Logo Carousel – Clients logo carousel for WP: from n/a through 1.2.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-c2r9-m6vm-hvxj: Vulnerability in the Oracle Financial Services Balance Sheet Planning product of Oracle Financial Services Applications (component: User Interface). The supported version that is affected is 8.0.8. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Financial Services Balance Sheet Planning. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Financial Services Balance Sheet Planning accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Financial Services Balance Sheet Planning accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N).
GHSA-q578-mw8r-r8v5: pubconv.dll (aka the Publisher Converter DLL) in Microsoft Publisher 2002 SP3, 2003 SP3, and 2007 SP2 does not properly handle an unspecified size field in certain older file formats, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) via a crafted Publisher file, aka "Size Value Heap Corruption in pubconv.dll Vulnerability."
CVE-2009-0164: The web interface for CUPS before 1.3.10 does not validate the HTTP Host header in a client request, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct DNS rebinding attacks.
CVSS v2.0: 6.4
CVE-2022-26868: Dell EMC PowerStore versions 2.0.0.x, 2.0.1.x, and 2.1.0.x are vulnerable to a command injection flaw. An authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the application's underlying OS, with the privileges of the vulnerable application. Exploitation may lead to a system takeover by an attacker.
CVSS v3.1: 6.4
CVE-2026-24249: NVIDIA Megatron Bridge for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause deserialization of untrusted data. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, data tampering, and information disclosure.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
GHSA-r86q-856p-4q9q: IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.6 is vulnerable to CSV injection, which could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbirary commands on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 161680.
CVSS v3.1: 8
CVE-2021-42877: TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a denial of service vulnerability in function RebootSystem of the file lib/cste_modules/system which can reboot the system.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVSS v2.0: 7.8
GHSA-m86f-7wg4-pw39: PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in functions.php in DeltaScripts PHP Classifieds 7.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the set_path parameter.
CVE-2018-4088: An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.2.5 is affected. macOS before 10.13.3 is affected. Safari before 11.0.3 is affected. iCloud before 7.3 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.3 on Windows is affected. tvOS before 11.2.5 is affected. watchOS before 4.2.2 is affected. The issue involves the "WebKit" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-3xp7-9h8h-5h42: EPSON 1.124 contains an unquoted service path vulnerability in the SENADB service that allows local attackers to execute code with elevated system privileges. Attackers can exploit the unquoted path in C:\Program Files (x86)\EPSON_P2B\Printer Software\Status Monitor\ to inject malicious executables that will run with LocalSystem permissions.
CVSS v4.0: 8.5
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2025-64095: DNN Insufficient Access Control - Image Upload allows for Site Content Overwrite
DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. Prior to 10.1.1, the default HTML editor provider allows unauthenticated file uploads and images can overwrite existing files. An unauthenticated user can upload and replace existing files allowing defacing a website and combined with other issue, injection XSS payloads. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.1.1.
CVSS v3.1: 10
GHSA-rhm6-355p-2674: Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the PubNub message handler for the "control" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted replies received from the PubNub service can cause buffer overflows on a global section overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should impersonate PubNub and answer an HTTPS GET request to trigger this vulnerability. The `strcpy` at [18] overflows the buffer `insteon_pubnub.channel_al`, which has a size of 16 bytes.
CVSS v3.1: 8.5
CVE-2019-9865: When RPC is enabled in Wind River VxWorks 6.9 prior to 6.9.1, a specially crafted RPC request can trigger an integer overflow leading to an out-of-bounds memory copy. It may allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.
CVSS v3.0: 8.1
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-xvhg-pwg9-qp4r: PostgreSQL before 9.0.19, 9.1.x before 9.1.15, 9.2.x before 9.2.10, 9.3.x before 9.3.6, and 9.4.x before 9.4.1 does not properly handle errors while reading a protocol message, which allows remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks via crafted binary data in a parameter and causing an error, which triggers the loss of synchronization and part of the protocol message to be treated as a new message, as demonstrated by causing a timeout or query cancellation.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2022-20800: Cisco Unified Communications Products Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM), Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME), Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM &amp; Presence Service (Unified CM IM&amp;P), and Cisco Unity Connection could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the interface. This vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive browser-based information.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
CVE-2022-28321: The Linux-PAM package before 1.5.2-6.1 for openSUSE Tumbleweed allows authentication bypass for SSH logins. The pam_access.so module doesn't correctly restrict login if a user tries to connect from an IP address that is not resolvable via DNS. In such conditions, a user with denied access to a machine can still get access. NOTE: the relevance of this issue is largely limited to openSUSE Tumbleweed and openSUSE Factory; it does not affect Linux-PAM upstream.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2024-3019: Pcp: exposure of the redis server backend allows remote command execution via pmproxy
A flaw was found in PCP. The default pmproxy configuration exposes the Redis server backend to the local network, allowing remote command execution with the privileges of the Redis user. This issue can only be exploited when pmproxy is running. By default, pmproxy is not running and needs to be started manually. The pmproxy service is usually started from the 'Metrics settings' page of the Cockpit web interface. This flaw affects PCP versions 4.3.4 and newer.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-qpm7-hp8h-42w8: The d8s-html for python, as distributed on PyPI, included a potential code-execution backdoor inserted by a third party. The backdoor is the democritus-networking package. The affected version is 0.1.0.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
RHSA-2024:0050: Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.8 bug fix and security update
golang: net/http, x/net/http2: rapid stream resets can cause excessive work (CVE-2023-44487) opentelemetry: DoS vulnerability in otelhttp
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2021-31329: Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in Remote Clinic v2.0 via the "Chat" and "Personal Address" field on staff/register.php
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
CVSS v2.0: 3.5
GHSA-366j-2qhv-326r: The Trash Duplicate and 301 Redirect plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'duplicates-action-top' action in all versions up to, and including, 1.9. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts/pages.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2018-21071: An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with M(6.0) software. Because of an unprotected intent, an attacker can read arbitrary files and emails, and take over an email account. The Samsung ID is SVE-2018-11633 (May 2018).
CVSS v3.1: 7.3
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2022-30999: Possible cross-site scripting attack via unsanitized SVG files in FoF Upload
FriendsofFlarum (FoF) Upload is an extension that handles file uploads intelligently for your forum. If FoF Upload prior to version 1.2.3 is configured to allow the uploading of SVG files ('image/svg+xml'), navigating directly to an SVG file URI could execute arbitrary Javascript code decided by an attacker. This Javascript code could include the execution of HTTP web requests to Flarum, or any other web service. This could allow data to be leaked by an authenticated Flarum user, or, possibly, for data to be modified maliciously. This issue has been patched with v1.2.3, which now sanitizes uploaded SVG files. As a workaround, remove the ability for users to upload SVG files through FoF Upload.
CVSS v3.1: 8.7
GHSA-5gpj-jhmx-464r: COMMAX Smart Home System allows an unauthenticated attacker to change configuration and cause denial-of-service through the setconf endpoint. Attackers can trigger a denial-of-service scenario by sending a malformed request to the setconf endpoint.
CVSS v4.0: 8.7
CVE-2017-14440: An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the ILBM image rendering functionality of SDL2_image-2.0.2. A specially crafted ILBM image can cause a stack overflow resulting in code execution. An attacker can display a specially crafted image to trigger this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.0: 8.8
GHSA-9f5f-9288-94qg: Xerox WorkCentre EC7836 before 073.050.059.25300 and EC7856 before 073.020.059.25300 devices allow XSS via Description pages.
CVE-2024-8904: Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 129.0.6668.58 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
CVE-2017-14901: In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, while processing the QCA_NL80211_VENDOR_SUBCMD_SET_TXPOWER_SCALE vendor command, in which attribute QCA_WLAN_VENDOR_ATTR_TXPOWER_SCALE contains fewer than 1 byte, a buffer overrun occurs.
CVSS v3.0: 7.8
CVSS v2.0: 4.6
CVE-2023-45607: WordPress WordPress Popular Posts Plugin <= 6.3.2 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
Auth. (contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Hector Cabrera WordPress Popular Posts plugin <= 6.3.2 versions.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
GHSA-xhhc-3m45-f6cf: The cross-site scripting (XSS) countermeasures in class.inputfilter.php in Joomla! 1.0.7 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted mosmsg parameter to index.php with a malformed sequence of multiple tags, as demonstrated using "<<>AAA<><>", possibly due to nested or empty tags.
CVE-2007-2285: Directory traversal vulnerability in examples/layout/feed-proxy.php in Jack Slocum Ext 1.0 alpha1 (Ext JS) allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the feed parameter.  NOTE: analysis by third party researchers indicates that this issue might be platform dependent.
CVSS v2.0: 7.8
CVE-2001-0083: Windows Media Unicast Service in Windows Media Services 4.0 and 4.1 does not properly shut down some types of connections, producing a memory leak that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a series of severed connections, aka the "Severed Windows Media Server Connection" vulnerability.
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2021-39882: In all versions of GitLab CE/EE, provided a user ID, anonymous users can use a few endpoints to retrieve information about any GitLab user.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
RHSA-2025:0903: Red Hat Security Advisory: libsoup security update
libsoup: buffer overflow via UTF-8 conversion in soup_header_parse_param_list_strict
CVSS v3.1: 9
GHSA-p666-3cc6-g2c6: exif_read_from_impl in ext/exif/exif.c in PHP 7.2.x through 7.2.7 allows attackers to trigger a use-after-free (in exif_read_from_file) because it closes a stream that it is not responsible for closing. The vulnerable code is reachable through the PHP exif_read_data function.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
CVE-2024-38614: openrisc: traps: Don't send signals to kernel mode threads
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

openrisc: traps: Don't send signals to kernel mode threads

OpenRISC exception handling sends signals to user processes on floating
point exceptions and trap instructions (for debugging) among others.
There is a bug where the trap handling logic may send signals to kernel
threads, we should not send these signals to kernel threads, if that
happens we treat it as an error.

This patch adds conditions to die if the kernel receives these
exceptions in kernel mode code.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2022-32137: CODESYS Runtime System prone to heap based buffer overflow
In multiple CODESYS products, a low privileged remote attacker may craft a request, which may cause a heap-based buffer overflow, resulting in a denial-of-service condition or memory overwrite. User interaction is not required.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-h4mh-8q48-6cpr: An information disclosure vulnerability exists when Windows Hyper-V running on a Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012. or Windows Server 2012 R2 host operating system fails to properly validate input from an authenticated user on a guest operating system, aka "Hyper-V Information Disclosure Vulnerability." This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-0168.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
GHSA-834c-r2v5-wppq: The BasicJsonStringifier::SerializeJSArray function in json-stringifier.h in the JSON stringifier in Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 47.0.2526.73, improperly loads array elements, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JavaScript code.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVE-2021-43840: Path traversal in message_bus
message_bus is a messaging bus for Ruby processes and web clients. In versions prior to 3.3.7 users who deployed message bus with diagnostics features enabled (default off) are vulnerable to a path traversal bug, which could lead to disclosure of secret information on a machine if an unintended user were to gain access to the diagnostic route. The impact is also greater if there is no proxy for your web application as the number of steps up the directories is not bounded. For deployments which uses a proxy, the impact varies. For example, If a request goes through a proxy like Nginx with `merge_slashes` enabled, the number of steps up the directories that can be read is limited to 3 levels. This issue has been patched in version 3.3.7. Users unable to upgrade should ensure that MessageBus::Diagnostics is disabled.
CVSS v3.1: 4.4
CVE-2018-20753: Kaseya VSA RMM before R9.3 9.3.0.35, R9.4 before 9.4.0.36, and R9.5 before 9.5.0.5 allows unprivileged remote attackers to execute PowerShell payloads on all managed devices. In January 2018, attackers actively exploited this vulnerability in the wild.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
CVE-2025-67577: WordPress Easy Form Builder plugin <= 3.8.20 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Missing Authorization vulnerability in hassantafreshi Easy Form Builder easy-form-builder allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Easy Form Builder: from n/a through <= 3.8.20.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
GHSA-c9g2-5qmq-gwc7: October CMS version prior to build 437 contains a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Media module and create folder functionality that can result in an Authenticated user with media module permission creating arbitrary folder name with XSS content. This attack appear to be exploitable via an Authenticated user with media module permission who can create arbitrary folder name (XSS). This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in build 437.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
GHSA-5wm2-qcg4-9wjx: Buffer overflow in setlocale in libc on NetBSD 1.4.x through 1.6, and possibly other operating systems, when called with the LC_ALL category, allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code via a user-controlled locale string that has more than 6 elements, which exceeds the boundaries of the new_categories category array, as exploitable through programs such as xterm and zsh.
CVE-2018-16484: A XSS vulnerability was found in module m-server <1.4.2 that allows malicious Javascript code or HTML to be executed, due to the lack of escaping for special characters in folder names.
CVSS v3.0: 5.4
CVSS v2.0: 3.5
CVE-2020-36916: TDM Digital Signage PC Player 4.1.0.4 Privilege Escalation via Insecure Permissions
TDM Digital Signage PC Player 4.1.0.4 contains an elevation of privileges vulnerability that allows authenticated users to modify executable files. Attackers can leverage the 'Modify' permissions for authenticated users to replace executable files with malicious binaries and gain elevated system access.
CVSS v4.0: 8.5
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-fr6w-pg2m-gf67: A vulnerability in the logging component of Cisco Identity Services Engine could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting attacks. The vulnerability is due to the improper validation of requests stored in the system's logging database. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests to the targeted system. An exploit could allow the attacker to conduct cross-site scripting attacks when an administrator views the logs in the Admin Portal.
CVSS v3.0: 6.1
PYSEC-2023-54: vantage6 is a privacy preserving federated learning infrastructure for secure insight exchange. Currently, the refresh token is valid indefinitely. The refresh token should get a validity of 24-48 hours. A fix was released in version 3.8.0.
CVE-2009-4805: Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in EZ-Blog Beta 1, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via (1) the storyid parameter to public/view.php or (2) the kill parameter to admin/remove.php.
CVSS v2.0: 6.8
GHSA-2rpf-w4m3-hpq2: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Wolf CMS 0.8.3.1 via the page editing feature, as demonstrated by /?/admin/page/edit/3.
CVSS v3.0: 4.8
CVE-2025-43775: Stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.128, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.5, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.12, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12, and 7.4 GA through update 92 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via remote app title field.
CVSS v4.0: 4.6
CVE-2024-26879: clk: meson: Add missing clocks to axg_clk_regmaps
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

clk: meson: Add missing clocks to axg_clk_regmaps

Some clocks were missing from axg_clk_regmaps, which caused kernel panic
during cat /sys/kernel/debug/clk/clk_summary

[   57.349402] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000000001fc
...
[   57.430002] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[   57.436900] pc : regmap_read+0x1c/0x88
[   57.440608] lr : clk_regmap_gate_is_enabled+0x3c/0xb0
[   57.445611] sp : ffff800082f1b690
[   57.448888] x29: ffff800082f1b690 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: ffff800080eb9a70
[   57.455961] x26: 0000000000000007 x25: 0000000000000016 x24: 0000000000000000
[   57.463033] x23: ffff800080e8b488 x22: 0000000000000015 x21: ffff00000e7e7000
[   57.470106] x20: ffff00000400ec00 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: ffffffffffffffff
[   57.477178] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffff0000042a3000
[   57.484251] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: ffff0000042a2fec x12: 0000000005f5e100
[   57.491323] x11: abcc77118461cefd x10: 0000000000000020 x9 : ffff8000805e4b24
[   57.498396] x8 : ffff0000028063c0 x7 : ffff800082f1b710 x6 : ffff800082f1b710
[   57.505468] x5 : 00000000ffffffd0 x4 : ffff800082f1b6e0 x3 : 0000000000001000
[   57.512541] x2 : ffff800082f1b6e4 x1 : 000000000000012c x0 : 0000000000000000
[   57.519615] Call trace:
[   57.522030]  regmap_read+0x1c/0x88
[   57.525393]  clk_regmap_gate_is_enabled+0x3c/0xb0
[   57.530050]  clk_core_is_enabled+0x44/0x120
[   57.534190]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x154/0x2f0
[   57.538847]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.543505]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.548162]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.552820]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.557477]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.562135]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.566792]  clk_summary_show_subtree+0x220/0x2f0
[   57.571450]  clk_summary_show+0x84/0xb8
[   57.575245]  seq_read_iter+0x1bc/0x4b8
[   57.578954]  seq_read+0x8c/0xd0
[   57.582059]  full_proxy_read+0x68/0xc8
[   57.585767]  vfs_read+0xb0/0x268
[   57.588959]  ksys_read+0x70/0x108
[   57.592236]  __arm64_sys_read+0x24/0x38
[   57.596031]  invoke_syscall+0x50/0x128
[   57.599740]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x48/0xf8
[   57.604397]  do_el0_svc+0x28/0x40
[   57.607675]  el0_svc+0x34/0xb8
[   57.610694]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x13c/0x158
[   57.615006]  el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x198
[   57.618635] Code: a9bd7bfd 910003fd a90153f3 aa0003f3 (b941fc00)
[   57.624668] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

[jbrunet: add missing Fixes tag]
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2006-0193: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Hosting Control Panel (psoft.hsphere.CP) in Positive Software H-Sphere 2.4.3 Patch 8 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the login parameter in a login action.
CVSS v2.0: 4.3