ansulev/circl-vulnerability-scores huggingface dataset:
CVE-2019-2732: Vulnerability in the Oracle Demantra Demand Management component of Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite (subcomponent: Product Security). The supported version that is affected is 7.3.1.5.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Demantra Demand Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Demantra Demand Management accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
CVSS v3.0: 5.3
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2026-24873: Out-of-bounds read in lpp-vita
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Rinnegatamante lpp-vita.This issue affects lpp-vita: before lpp-vita r6.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
GHSA-vgjr-6g84-w5j4: Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in math-comment-spam-protection.php in the Math Comment Spam Protection 2.1 and earlier plugin for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) mcsp_opt_msg_no_answer or (2) mcsp_opt_msg_wrong_answer parameter to wp-admin/options-general.php.
CVE-2022-31884: Marval MSM v14.19.0.12476 has an Improper Access Control vulnerability which allows a low privilege user to delete other users API Keys including high privilege and the Administrator users API Keys.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 4
GHSA-pfvj-g5fx-3g54: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in SourceCodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System v 1.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the class_name parameter to update_class.php.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
CVE-2000-0446: Buffer overflow in MDBMS database server allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a long string.
CVSS v2.0: 7.5
ICSA-23-250-02: Phoenix Contact TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT
In PHOENIX CONTACT TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT prior to version 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to version 2.06.10 an unauthenticated remote attacker could use a reflective XSS within the license viewer page of the devices in order to execute code in the context of the user's browser. In PHOENIX CONTACT TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT prior to version 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to version 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial of service.
CVSS v3.0: 4.9
GHSA-3m77-j76g-6phr: A mass assignment vulnerability exists in the `/api/invite/:code` endpoint of the mintplex-labs/anything-llm repository, allowing unauthorized creation of high-privileged accounts. By intercepting and modifying the HTTP request during the account creation process via an invitation link, an attacker can add a `role` property with `admin` value, thereby gaining administrative access. This issue arises due to the lack of property allowlisting and blocklisting, enabling the attacker to exploit the system and perform actions as an administrator.
CVSS v3.0: 9.1
GHSA-x5p5-2m3r-xhg9: Vulnerability of improper processing of abnormal conditions in huge page separation.
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
CVSS v3.1: 8
CVE-2025-23865: WordPress Winning Portfolio plugin <= 1.1 - Stored Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in pressfore Winning Portfolio winning-portfolio allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Winning Portfolio: from n/a through <= 1.1.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2025-31467: WordPress Flickr Photostream plugin <= 3.1.8 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in miro.mannino Flickr Photostream flickr-photostream allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Flickr Photostream: from n/a through <= 3.1.8.
CVSS v3.1: 7.1
CVE-2023-22762: Authenticated Remote Command Execution in the ArubaOS Command Line Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.


CVSS v3.1: 7.2
GHSA-mggx-323c-ww4g: There is a SQL injection in Benutzerverwaltung in REDAXO before 5.6.4.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
GHSA-9pcp-xwmf-3hh4: The NEX-Forms – Ultimate Forms Plugin for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the  'orderby' parameter in the action nf_load_form_entries in all versions up to, and including, 9.1.6 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query.  This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database. This may be exploitable by lower-level users if access is granted by a site administrator.
CVSS v3.1: 4.9
GHSA-89m6-xgf5-h8qg: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Agency Dominion Inc. Fusion allows DOM-Based XSS. This issue affects Fusion: from n/a through 1.6.3.
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2023-6039: Kernel: use-after-free in drivers/net/usb/lan78xx.c in lan78xx_disconnect
A use-after-free flaw was found in lan78xx_disconnect in drivers/net/usb/lan78xx.c in the network sub-component, net/usb/lan78xx in the Linux Kernel. This flaw allows a local attacker to crash the system when the LAN78XX USB device detaches.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
CVE-2024-23750: MetaGPT through 0.6.4 allows the QaEngineer role to execute arbitrary code because RunCode.run_script() passes shell metacharacters to subprocess.Popen.
CVSS v3.1: 8.8
GHSA-m7xm-8p5v-wjjf: A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK CP900 6.3c.566. This issue affects the function setTelnetCfg of the component Telnet Service. The manipulation of the argument telnet_enabled leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-273557 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVSS v4.0: 5.3
CVSS v3.1: 6.3
CVE-2020-25705: A flaw in ICMP packets in the Linux kernel may allow an attacker to quickly scan open UDP ports. This flaw allows an off-path remote attacker to effectively bypass source port UDP randomization. Software that relies on UDP source port randomization are indirectly affected as well on the Linux Based Products (RUGGEDCOM RM1224: All versions between v5.0 and v6.4, SCALANCE M-800: All versions between v5.0 and v6.4, SCALANCE S615: All versions between v5.0 and v6.4, SCALANCE SC-600: All versions prior to v2.1.3, SCALANCE W1750D: v8.3.0.1, v8.6.0, and v8.7.0, SIMATIC Cloud Connect 7: All versions, SIMATIC MV500 Family: All versions, SIMATIC NET CP 1243-1 (incl. SIPLUS variants): Versions 3.1.39 and later, SIMATIC NET CP 1243-7 LTE EU: Version
CVSS v3.1: 7.4
CVSS v2.0: 5.8
CVE-2013-2817: An ActiveX control in IcoLaunch.dll in Mitsubishi Electric Automation MC-WorX Suite 8.02 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary programs via a crafted HTML document in conjunction with a Login Client button click.
CVSS v2.0: 9.3
CVE-2002-0398: Red-M 1050 (Bluetooth Access Point) PPP server allows bonded users to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via a long user name.
CVSS v2.0: 10
GHSA-rpj9-pc39-h8j8: Liferay Portal vulnerable to arbitrary command injection
Unspecified vulnerability in the XSL Content portlet in Liferay Portal Community Edition (CE) 5.x and 6.x before 6.0.6 GA, when Apache Tomcat is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unknown vectors.
CVSS v4.0: 6.9
CVE-2018-3125: Vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Merchandising System component of Oracle Retail Applications (subcomponent: Security (SQL Logger)). The supported version that is affected is 14.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Retail Merchandising System. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Retail Merchandising System accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Retail Merchandising System accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 6.5 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
CVSS v3.0: 6.5
CVSS v2.0: 6.4
GHSA-fhfv-jcfj-9cg7: ASUS AC68U <=3.0.0.4.385.20852 is affected by a buffer overflow in blocking.cgi, which may cause a denial of service (DoS).
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
RHSA-2026:24722: Red Hat Security Advisory: libsoup security update
libsoup: libsoup: Information disclosure via cleartext transmission of cookies during HTTPS tunnel establishment
CVSS v3.1: 5.9
GHSA-2hvj-57fv-jjcc: There is a memory corruption vulnerability due to an out-of-bounds write in ResFileFactory::InitResourceMgr() in NI LabVIEW.  This vulnerability may result in information disclosure or arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to get a user to open a specially crafted VI file. This vulnerability affects NI LabVIEW 2026 Q1 (26.1.0) and prior versions.
CVSS v4.0: 8.5
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
GHSA-688v-gr35-p89p: SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in the NP_SEO plugin in BLOG:CMS before 4.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
GHSA-2vv4-68vr-7qwm: OvalEdge 5.2.8.0 and earlier is affected by multiple Stored XSS (AKA Persistent or Type II) vulnerabilities via a POST request to /profile/updateProfile via the slackid or phone parameters. Authentication is required.
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
GHSA-jwvj-46jj-5gv7: In Modem, there is a possible system crash due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote denial of service, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00693083; Issue ID: MSV-5928.
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2026-46579: Openshift/router: openshift/router: mtls client certificate spoofing via unstripped x-ssl-client headers on http frontend
A flaw was found in the OpenShift Router. When a Route has `insecureEdgeTerminationPolicy` set to Allow, the HTTP frontend does not remove `X-SSL-Client-*` headers from incoming requests. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to send plain HTTP requests with crafted `X-SSL-Client-*` headers. As a result, backends relying on these headers for mutual TLS (Transport Layer Security) authentication can be bypassed, enabling the attacker to impersonate client certificate identities.
CVSS v3.1: 7.4
CVE-2023-53302: wifi: iwl4965: Add missing check for create_singlethread_workqueue()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: iwl4965: Add missing check for create_singlethread_workqueue()

Add the check for the return value of the create_singlethread_workqueue()
in order to avoid NULL pointer dereference.
CVSS v3.1: 5.5
GHSA-v85g-hrr5-4jw4: The Simple Matted Thumbnails WordPress plugin is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting due to a reflected $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] value in the ~/simple-matted-thumbnail.php file which allows attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts, in versions up to and including 1.01.
GHSA-c3jx-hw4g-497f: Vulnerability in the Oracle One-to-One Fulfillment product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Print Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.1-12.1.3 and 12.2.3-12.2.9. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle One-to-One Fulfillment. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle One-to-One Fulfillment, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle One-to-One Fulfillment accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 4.7 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N).
CVE-2026-3942: Incorrect security UI in PictureInPicture in Google Chrome prior to 146.0.7680.71 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-84x7-6ff7-9cj2: The WP AdCenter – Ad Manager & Adsense Ads plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘ad_alignment’ attribute in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.6 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1: 6.4
GHSA-xxmr-5pw7-p42v: Unspecified vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Business Modeler Basic and Advanced 6.0.2.1 before Interim Fix 11 allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and delete unspecified repository resources via unknown vectors, even when they are not administrators or members of the repository's owning group.
CVE-2024-13651: RapidLoad – Optimize Web Vitals Automatically <= 2.4.4 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Limited Setting Reset
The RapidLoad – Optimize Web Vitals Automatically plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the ajax_deactivate() function in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to reset some of the plugin's settings.
CVSS v3.1: 4.3
GHSA-q8xm-9c69-h9m6: The FunnelCockpit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘error’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.2 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that execute if they can successfully trick an administrative user into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
CVSS v3.1: 6.1
CVE-2023-30758: Cross-site scripting vulnerability in Pleasanter 1.3.38.1 and earlier allows a remote authenticated attacker to inject an arbitrary script.
CVSS v3.1: 5.4
GHSA-6hc6-ccmg-35jj: Use-after-free vulnerability in Google Chrome before 27.0.1453.93 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to the handling of Pepper resources.
GHSA-xm72-wm3m-qgm7: Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in Druva inSync Windows Client 6.5.0 allows a local, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands with SYSTEM privileges.
RHSA-2021:3546: Red Hat Security Advisory: cyrus-imapd security update
cyrus-imapd: Denial of service via string hashing algorithm collisions
CVSS v3.1: 7.5
CVE-2020-8927: Buffer overflow in Brotli library
A buffer overflow exists in the Brotli library versions prior to 1.0.8 where an attacker controlling the input length of a "one-shot" decompression request to a script can trigger a crash, which happens when copying over chunks of data larger than 2 GiB. It is recommended to update your Brotli library to 1.0.8 or later. If one cannot update, we recommend to use the "streaming" API as opposed to the "one-shot" API, and impose chunk size limits.
CVSS v3.1: 5.3
GHSA-37j5-q5w5-77x4: NVIDIA Windows GPU Display Driver contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer (nvlddmkm.sys) handler for DxgkDdiEscape where a value passed from a user to the driver is not correctly validated and used as the index to an array which may lead to denial of service or possible escalation of privileges.
CVSS v3.0: 7.8
CVE-2023-37933: An improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability [CWE-79] in FortiADC GUI version 7.4.0, 7.2.0 through 7.2.1	and before 7.1.3 allows an authenticated attacker to perform an XSS attack via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests.
CVSS v3.1: 8.6
GHSA-pr72-8fxw-xx22: Default Credentials in nginx-defender Configuration Files
ImpactThis is a configuration vulnerability affecting nginx-defender deployments. Example configuration files 
[config.yaml](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/blob/main/config.yaml), [docker-compose.yml](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/blob/main/docker-compose.yml) contain default credentials (`default_password: "change_me_please"`, `GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123`). If users deploy nginx-defender without changing these defaults, attackers with network access could gain administrative control, bypassing security protections.**Who is impacted?**
All users who deploy nginx-defender with default credentials and expose the admin interface to untrusted networks.PatchesThe issue is addressed in v1.5.0 and later.Startup warnings are added if default credentials are detected.
Documentation now strongly recommends changing all default passwords before deployment.
Patched versions:
1.5.0 and later
**Will be fully patched in v1.7.0 and later**WorkaroundsUsers can remediate the vulnerability without upgrading by manually changing all default credentials in configuration files before deployment:Restrict access to the admin interface and use environment variables for secrets.References[Security Configuration Guide](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/blob/main/docs/security-config.md)[Full Security Advisory](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/security/advisories)[Library README](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/blob/main/lib/README.md)[README](https://github.com/Anipaleja/nginx-defender/blob/main/README.md)
CVSS v3.1: 6.5
CVE-2006-6432: Unspecified vulnerability in the Scan-to-mailbox feature in Xerox WorkCentre and WorkCentre Pro before 12.060.17.000, 13.x before 13.060.17.000, and 14.x before 14.060.17.000 allows remote attackers to download certain files via unspecified vectors.
CVSS v2.0: 5
CVE-2023-7176: Campcodes Online College Library System HTTP POST Request return_add.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Campcodes Online College Library System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/return_add.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument student leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249363.
CVSS v3.1: 4.7
CVSS v3.0: 4.7
CVSS v2.0: 5.8
GHSA-9rx2-hj2g-6933: Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Miscellaneous). Supported versions that are affected are 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.2.0 and 12.0.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle FLEXCUBE Private Banking accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 6.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
CVSS v3.0: 6.5
GHSA-4g6w-wv86-3h78: The file upload function of Agentflow BPM has insufficient filtering for special characters in URLs. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to upload arbitrary file and execute arbitrary code to manipulate system or disrupt service.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-9xxv-q6pp-96wq: Concrete CMS Stored XSS
Concrete CMS before 9.2.3 allows Stored XSS on the Admin Dashboard via /dashboard/system/basics/name. (8.5 and earlier are unaffected.)
CVSS v3.1: 2.4
GHSA-mph8-9gj5-mgrr: Cisco VPN 3000 series concentrators and Cisco VPN 3002 Hardware Client 2.x.x through 3.6.7A allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (slowdown and possibly reload) via a flood of malformed ICMP packets.
CVE-2023-41719: A vulnerability exists on all versions of Ivanti Connect Secure below 22.6R2 where an attacker impersonating an administrator may craft a specific web request which may lead to remote code execution.
CVSS v3.0: 7.2
CVE-2025-26600: Xorg: xwayland: use-after-free in playreleasedevents()
A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. When a device is removed while still frozen, the events queued for that device remain while the device is freed. Replaying the events will cause a use-after-free.
CVSS v3.1: 7.8
CVE-2026-38704: A command injection vulnerability exists in the WireGuard VPN feature of InHand Networks IR302 firmware V3.5.108, IR305 firmware V1.0.118, IR315 firmware V1.0.118, IR615 firmware V1.0.118, and earlier versions. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to obtain ROOT privileges on remote target devices.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-f7jw-8vrc-gp8m: An issue was discovered in zzcms 8.2. user/ppsave.php allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via directory traversal sequences in the oldimg parameter in an action=modify request. This can be leveraged for database access by deleting install.lock.
CVSS v3.0: 7.5
CVE-2018-11652: CSV Injection vulnerability in Nikto 2.1.6 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands via the Server field in an HTTP response header, which is directly injected into a CSV report.
CVSS v3.0: 9.8
CVSS v2.0: 10
GHSA-8pcr-qrf2-5hpg: The actionSendErrorReport method in protected/controllers/SiteController.php in X2Engine 2.8 through 4.1.7 allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks via crafted serialized data in the report parameter.
CVE-2024-3988: Sina Extension for Elementor (Slider, Gallery, Form, Modal, Data Table, Tab, Particle, Free Elementor Widgets & Elementor Templates) <= 3.5.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Sina Fancy Text Widget
The Sina Extension for Elementor (Slider, Gallery, Form, Modal, Data Table, Tab, Particle, Free Elementor Widgets & Elementor Templates) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's Sina Fancy Text Widget in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.2 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
CVSS v3.1: 6.4
GHSA-qq2g-5gj7-w9xg: Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (MBI modules) allows Embedding Scripts within Scripts by CentreonBI user account on the MBI server This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.6, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.9, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.15.
CVSS v3.1: 8.4
PYSEC-2022-43173: The wikifaces package in PyPI v1.0 included a code execution backdoor inserted by a third party.
CVSS v3.1: 9.8
GHSA-9gvm-vcgf-x5xw: nscd: Stack-based buffer overflow in netgroup cacheIf the Name Service Cache Daemon's (nscd) fixed size cache is exhausted
by client requests then a subsequent client request for netgroup data
may result in a stack-based buffer overflow.  This flaw was introduced
in glibc 2.15 when the cache was added to nscd.This vulnerability is only present in the nscd binary.
CVSS v3.1: 8.1
GHSA-p6xg-495q-mfqw: Huawei HEGE-560 version 1.0.1.20(SP2), OSCA-550 version 1.0.0.71(SP1), OSCA-550A version 1.0.0.71(SP1), OSCA-550AX version 1.0.0.71(SP2), and OSCA-550X version 1.0.0.71(SP2) have an insufficient verification vulnerability. An attacker can perform specific operations to exploit this vulnerability by physical access methods. Successful exploitation may cause the attacker perform an illegal operation.