Effective Mechanism to Mitigate Injuries During NFL Plays 
Authors: Arraamuthan Arulanantham
Ahamed Arshad Ahamed Anzar
Gowshalini Rajalingam
Krusanth Ingran
Prasanna S. Haddela
Venue:  (2020)
Keywords: Concussion
American football
Predictive modelling
Injuries
NFL Plays
Optimization

Abstract: NFL(American football),which is regarded as the premier sports icon of America, has been severely accused in the recent years of being exposed to dangerous injuries that prove to be a bigger crisis as the players' lives have been increasingly at risk. Concussions, which refer to the serious brain traumas experienced during the passage of NFL play, have displayed a  dramatic rise in the recent seasons concluding in an alarming rate in 2017/18. Acknowledging the potential risk, the NFL has been trying to fight via NeuroIntel AI mechanism as well as modifying existing  game rules and risky play practices to reduce the rate of concussions. As a remedy, we are suggesting an effective mechanism to extensively analyse the potential concussion risks by adopting predictive analysis to project injury risk percentage per each play and positional impact analysis to suggest safer team formation pairs to lessen injuries to offer a comprehensive study on NFL injury analysis. The proposed data analytical approach differentiates itself from the other similar approaches that were focused only on the descriptive analysis rather than going for a bigger context with predictive modelling and formation pairs mining that would assist in modifying existing rules to tackle injury concerns. The predictive model that works with Kafka-stream processor real-time inputs and risky formation pairs identification by designing FP-Matrix, makes this far-reaching solution to analyse injury data on various grounds wherever applicable.

Effective Mechanism To Mitigate Injuries During NFL Plays
wooth regarded as the premier sports icon of America, has been severely accused in the recent years of being exposed to dangerous injuries that prove to be bigger crisis as the players' lives have been increasingly at risk. Concussions, which refer to the serious brain traumas experienced during the passage of NFL play, have displayed a dramatic rise in the recent seasons concluding an alarming rate in 2017/18. Acknowledging the potential risk, the NEI has been trying to fight via NeuroIntel Al mechanism as well as modifying ing existing game rules and risky play practices to reduce the rate of concussions. As a remedy, are suggesting extensively analyse the potential concussion risks by adopting predictive analysis to project injury risk percentage per each play and positional impact analysis to suggest safer team formation pairs to lessen injuries to offer a comprehensive study on NFL injury analysis. The proposed data maalytical approach differentiates itself from the other similar approaches that were focused only the descriptive analysis rather than going for a bigger context with predictive modelling and formation pairs mining that would assist modifying existing rules to tackle injury concerns. The predictive model that works with Kafka-stream processor real-time inputs and risky formation pairs identification by designing FP-Matrix, makes this far-reaching solution to analyse injury data on various grounds wherever applicable.
Having acknowledged the link to C.T.E[88 from its football practice, NEL has been trying to combat the concussions via Neuro-intel's real-time tracking [3] of helmet blows to predict concussion risk rate (C.R.I) but also announced to be receptive for comprehensive analysis and suggestions to fix concussion protocol such that it would help in reducing concussions and severe injuries during plays. NFL has been amending
rules [9] and modernizing its riskier plays [10] citing concussion risks [7] continuously despite being a work in progress [11] as last reported statistics showed a surge in injuries. Being mired handling concussions, the future of the NFL is at stake with players' safety on the line unless an extensive concussion analysis mechanism is set [12] incorporating statistical inferences from past data and different perceptions from its followers regarding head injuries as they've ve started to discuss widely [13].
effective mechanism to
The proposed overall research area presented as the go-to solution that boasts of comprehensive analytical mechanism to effectively address the aforementioned concussion crisis and related issues by incorporating pre- processed NFL punt-play datasets utilizing the available movement vectors in order to assist in predictive analytical perspective and to analyse positional variation and propose safer formation pairs by highlighting dangerous pairs via comprehensive mapping through simulation of plays.
Keywords-NVe NFL Plays, Concussions, Defense, Offense, Formation pairs, Predictive model, FP-Matrix
The rest of the contents of the paper is organized as follows. In section II, the literature survey dealing with similar contemporary studies and research gap has been analysed. Section III describes the different types of experimental data that are used throughout this research. Section IV goes on to detail the phases of the methodology adopted. The findings of the research and their resultant discussions have been described in Section V of this paper. Finally, Section VI wraps up with the conclusion and future works of this research topic.
I. INTRODUCTION
Owing to the rigorous play practices adopted in NFL games compared to contemporaries, NFL has been often touted as riskier play [4.13] with comparatively higher injury rate with the Offense players, who are generally referred to those from team with ball's possession, are highly prone to injuries than defense players who attack former to stop them scoring touchdown (similar to 'goal' in soccer). Thus, there arises the need to analyse and modify age-old rules which have been provoking the players to adopt rigorous tackles. Concussions, referring severe brain injuries, have become increasingly common phenomenon in NFL exhibiting steady increase over the last six years peaking in an alarming concussion rate of 16% for the last reported 2017/18 season. This ultimately paved way for the C.T.B(Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy) [2], a neuro-degenerative brain disease found in 96% of deceased ex-NFL players [5] and was diagnosed as the reason for death of infamous pro-NFL player, Kevin turner[6] which is generally caused by repetitive blows to the head and rigorous blows and tackles intentionally harming the health condition of the player while players have also started to report the immediate repeated concussion effects such loss of consciousness and memory as well making a long time to recover [1].
II.
RELATED WORK
A. Injury Predictive Modelling
Analysing the injury risk encountered by a player during a particular season deriving their injury probabilities to develop a predictive model to foresee whether a player would be concussed not in NEA [14] was presented to aid in strategic decision making throughout the season. NBA coverage, play-play data, individual workload were the sources to be collected and scraped to drive through net impact and incremental injury risk modelling utilizing the sliding window to encompass both aggregation and prediction time window match against injury response variable. K-fold cross- validation was used to validate windows' performance whereas the Committee machine model was used to train models. Random forest was opted to counter the drawbacks of earlier drawbacks of Linear regression and SVM algorithms.

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Contrary to the carlier approach, a multi-dimensional approach was opted to handle injury prediction in Soccer optimizing GPS data accumulated from training sessions and machine learning techniques [15] to predict whether a player would be concussed in the immediate game/training session he encounters. Traditional predictors were initially tested upon features extracted from the tracked data to address on its inefficiency in precision and recall. The Decision tree was chosen as the predictive algorithm. Four different datasets were constructed and the Exponential weighted moving average(EWMA) was applied to all. Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) was used as dimension reduction technique to realize optimal features. The model built was found to be performing accordingly on feature set. Weekly update of classifier was also found to increase the accuracy giving higher precision.
arrange themselves on the playfield. QTC could be used in describing team formations constructing a QTC matrix different time stamps. i.e. if the number of players in formation is identical at each timestamp, the matrix would have the same dimensions utilizing the distances between them. Similarities among the generally defined team formations could well also calculated and interpreted. Inferring generally accepted formations or assigning new arrangement as the formation is made possible opting for QTC based approach or building relevant matrix in the context of the higher concussions yielding formations among the rest.
different time by
III
EXPERIMENTAL DATASET
The dataset utilized in this study was provided by NFL sourced from Kaggle platform. NFL Punt Analyties data consisted of details corresponding to games played during the 2016 and 2017 pre, regular and post seasons. This dataset encompasses a rich dataset for the aforementioned seasons describing season, games and plays on various grounds with concussion information. The data describes the player movement vectors on each play during a specific game including x coordinates, y coordinates, orientation, direction, distance covered and event.
A Hierarchical multi-layered predictive system to predict injury risk among athletes considering workload assigned was proposed[17] addressing the inadequacy and inefficiency of the classic technique, ACWR described in the above-mentioned study[15], the two-layer mechanism was proposed that encompasses injury-prone players and impacting factors and an evolving injury prediction model from that. KNN algorithm using Euclidean distance was used to build training and testing database along with K-means classifier for benchmarking to identify overlapping features and infer them to be less impacting than the others. Output was validated with a multi-dimensional classifier. Injury prediction model implemented SVM classifier and output was normalized and validated with K-fold cross- cross- validation culminating in probabilistic prediction map tailored for individual player specific features. Though SVM fairly separates prediction margins, more suitable algorithms such the Random forest could be utilized here as put forward by the aforementioned studies [1..
IV. METHODOLOGY
In this section, the methodology used for this study that includes two different modules namely predictive modelling, and formation analysis will be discussed in detail.
A. Predictive Modelling
How did we deal and explore with the enormity and the umbalanced nature of data?
Impact of positional arrangement on injuries
Movement vectors of cach player (22 players at a play) that are retrieved from data set that had captured each player's x. y coordinates, initial direction, current direction. event specified, and the distance covered individually during that specific play along with other relevant columns such as time, position and play description, were utilized to analyse the influence of the predictors and develop the subsequent predictive model that could distinguish the concussions among the rest. Since the data was quite large (4GB) to be processed at once, proper file format was explored and data chunking mechanism was opted to retrieve predefined chunks of data at a time to speed up process. Feather, which a fast-disk format used in efficient reading and writing of data frames using defined chunk sizes, around 50000) records per chunk, was applied in this context. 19 chunks were obtained, and 2 chunks were chosen be utilized in the model building process yielding around 1000000 records. Preliminary data exploration including missing value handling and descriptive analysis were done to understand the data. Training and testing data were planned to be exported Feather format for easy reads. On preliminary execution, it was found that the data for injury occurrence is quite low compared to the non- injuries 196.8% of Os and 3.2% of 1s] as illustrated in 1.
The Exploring movement similarity and deriving patterns prospectively could prove to predictive modelling. The proposed study that explores the movement similarity analysis of moving objects [19] utilizing the GIScience approach puts forward the conceptual framework movement trajectories of dynamic objects. The four-stage methodology namely framework to capture the movement of objects, defined classification to identify movement patterns, feature extraction on movements and trajectory similarity search and its evaluation were used in this workflow. Since this study explores the trajectories and thajectoroiig
virtue
infer similarities from the
mining patterns, it could be very well suited in the trjecttory analysis of players in a game and understand the variation of their game formations as well that could be impactful in the occurrence of injuries subsequently.
Analysing team formation in football was made more intuitive with the approach opted ie. Static Qualitative Trajectory Calculus(QTC) [18] which was one of Spatio- temporal methods [19] used to analyse the team formations within a game or for a season. QTC employs comparison approach by defining relative positions between players in a qualitative manner that aligns well with the way player

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Non-injured
3) Was there any decisive advantage with more features?
Generating new columns the model was also tried using the open source, Feature tools. About 25 features were generated by considering combination namely y, dis and dir. and PCA was applied the generated feature matrix data.
96.8%
features
National FootBall Ligue Injury Variance
1.00
0.90
2
Injured
Fig.1. Distribution of Injured Vs Non-injured in data
Rlumbbrr of Componeents
So, the need to resample the data was realized to deal with the highly unbalanced data in order to avoid the under sampling and oversampling issues that could arise later. Despite the imbalanced nature of the data, more preferred algorithm [14], Random Forest Classifier was applied to realize the model score. 0.9681, which obviously pointed out the over fitting issue. After inspecting ROC and PXR curve, true positive rate found to O. i.c. Injury detection during an injury occurrence is hardly made possible as indicated in Fig.2. (one-one detection
Fig.4. Variance vs Number of Components
As per Fig.4., the optimal number of components was found to 5. i.e. by choosing 5 components, almost we could explain the variance of the injury prediction. Thereafter the feature matrix data was then split into training and testing data in 2:1 ratio and then SMOTE was applied upon it and Random Forest Classifier was applied to yield the model score (0.698,0.502) which was lesser than before suggesting the inefficiency and inadequacy the generated features. Since the performance of the model wasn't 't good, the feature generation process was not successful as intended.
contution
306000
4) Didn't tt we apply a wide range of algorithms and choose the best out of it?
Thereafter, Random Forest algorithm is applied with hyper parameter tuning along with Grid-search with 5 folds. An accuracy of 0.639 and Fi-score of 0.75 is realized from this model.
100003
50000
Then, K- K-Nearest Neighbour was tried with hyper parameter tuning.
2.g.2. Confusion model initial unbalanced data
2) How did we apply rehalancing and distinguish the distribution of data?
Crea www.waa Accusnc
SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique) from imblearn synthetic balancing technique to rebalance the data to be used later. SMOTE was applied for training data only; but not for testing set since synthetic samples created with this sampling technique aren't real but synthetic which makes them not viable for testing purposes but adequate for training. After balancing the total data (1290306 records), equal Os and Is were derived (645153 records each). Subsequently PCA was used explore and illustrate the variance before and after applying SMOTE as described Fig.3.
chosen the ideal
Fig.5. Value of KNN vs. Valsd-aalddteed Accuracy
Even for the lowest value for K, i.c. 30, as described 5.g.5., when applied, model was found to be over fitting too much illustrating a score of 0.924.
SVM was also tried as well but that was slow on performance since the data row records are large in number and was inferred that it didn't 't fit this scenario.
Applinng SHOTE
SHOtE
XG-Boost was found be outperforming aforementioned algorithms when it was applied subsequently yielding the better accuracy of lot .0.7959, since it follows implementation gradient boosted decision trees that could enhance existing decision trees applicable on similar scenario [15].
-38
-30
-20
-00
-20
20
1ig.3, Before and After SMOTE variance explained using PCA

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conbusion mebrix
Events of NFL plays that are captured from IoT sensors would be transferred to Apache Kafka (In this scenario, data provided by NFL) and subsequently they would published and subscribed as topics. The subscribed topics would then be captured and taken to a Stream processor, Faust, to derive insights. Flask API would thereafter be utilized in getting requests from Stream processor and inbuilt deployed predictive model would be generating injury percentage corresponding to each play for every millisecond.
200000
The sboe
390000
912
50000
B. Analyse team formations and choose optimal formations to mitigate injuries.
Fig.6, Confusion matrix for XGBoost applicd final model
In this section, a novel methodology to find optimal formation pairs in NFL plays is introduced mitigate injuries by systematically analysing the occurrence of injuries and mapping them with the formations in plays. A brief overview of formations in American football will be given first to reinstate the conceptual flow followed by the methodological steps undertaken to realize the objective of this component in detail.
Fig.7. ROC ROC curve compared Before and After XGBoost modelling
1) Formations in American Football In the NFL each play starts with two main initial formations such as offensive team formation and defensive team formation. There are 16 offensive formations and 15 defensive formations. The 16 offense team formations are formation, formation, Single set back, Pro set, Single wing. Wildeat formation, Double wing. Short punt formation, Shotgun, Pistol, V formation, Wishbone, Flexbone, Wing T. Empty backfield, Goal-line formation, Kneel, Tackle spread. The 15 defense team formations are 4-3 defense, 6-1 defense. 3-4 defense, 2-5 defense, 4-4 defense, 5-3 defense, 6-2 defense. 38 defense (split middle), 46 defense (forty-six), 5-2 defense, Seven-man line defense, Nickel formation, Dime formation, Quarter and half-dollar formations (prevent defense), Other variants[20]
As illustrated in Fig.7., the ROC curve at the initial stage and the curve after XGBoost modelling explicitly differs in the smoothness of curve highlighting the better performance of the finalized model.
precision
recall fi-score support
NonInjured Injured
1.80
0.86
0.92
322785
0.18
0.91
0.30
18629
micro macro avg
0.86
0.86
8.86
333334
0.59
0.89
0.61
333334
weighted avg 0.97
0.86
0.90
333334
8.g.8. Classifier report after building XGBoost modelling
After parameter tuning the above XG-Boost based model. an accuracy of 0.8618 and Fi-score of 0,90 was realized and subsequently to be applied for this context.
finalized as the optimal model score
2) Systematic workflow
There are three steps to be adopted to achieve the objective of obtaining optimal formation pairs. Simulating the players' movement and defining formations for each play, Building FP(Formation-Play matrix and finally finding the optimal formation pairs to mitigate injury. The workflow then individually elaborates the methodology adopted by detailing into each subcomponent.
5) into practice?
What's 's the novel duta pipeline put this model
Data Producers
Data Consumee
Street processor
a) Simulate the players' movement and define formations for each play
Katka
Dastboards
INDAR
The dataset has x, y coordinates with the exact time for 22 players in each play. Each play is about I minute of duration. An intuitive visualization tool, Power BI, which provides functionalities to transform the Spatio-temporal data into simulated result, is utilized as the simulator in this context. The snapshot of player positions is taken from the simulated result when the play starts. Then the offensive and defensive formations are identified by comparing with predefined formations mentioned above.
Everts
Inight
Mode
Tig.9.Proposce overall architecture for predictive modelling

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window mechanism, fixed, non-overlapping time intervals, Flask, micro web framework, is used to acquire requests and deliver predictions on each millisecond timestamp. This proposed architecture could very well be applied in any injury predictive mechanism realizing the conceptual framework behind its application.
b) Build FP (Formation Play) matrix
FP matrix is a matrix of Formation Play that specifies the probability of concussed and non-coneussed play against offensive and defensive pairs. The probability of occurrence range is between 0 to I.
In the formation analysis module, the following set of results were derived and the need to handle and tweak the rules corresponding to these formation pairs were realized. The top 10 optimal formation pairs are illustrated in Fig. and the top 10 risky formation pairs are illustrated in 12.
c) Find optimal formation to mitigate injury In this final step. in order to find optimal formation pairs, the probability of non-coneussion should be maximum and the probability of concussion has to be minimal. The significance of formation pairs is measured by how often the formation pairs are used. Hence, optimal formation pairs well as dangerous set of pairs be identified adopting the proposed flow of steps.
Index
formation
formation
Defense
Single Set Banss
10
14 3-6-3 Defense
|Formation
0
0.005055
0
28 46 Deferse
Single Set
0.00000
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
37 5-3 Defense
Shotpun
0 0.040404
Single
Since predictive modelling is one of the primary components of the proposed research, the results of the predictive modelling are well-assessed. On application of different algorithms such as Random-forest, SVM and KNN, different problems were encountered. SVM was awful in performance requiring lots of time whereas Random forest displayed poor scores. KNN, despite depicting better accuracy score of the lot, wasn't 't chosen to be fitting the narrative illustrating the impending concern for overfitting issues. XGBoost algorithm was chosen as the appropriate model to he applied adequately displaying higher scores without overfitting concerns.
Defense
Single Set
35 Defense
Proset
0
0,000003
56 Defenss
TForaation
0.030903
22 46 Deferse
Formation
Fig. 11, Top 10 optinal formation pairs derived
formation
formation
27 Defense
0.99677
45 6-1 Defenis
I Formation
0. 0,096774
21
Single Set Bank
6. 0.007754
47 6-1 Defenss
Short Punt
0 0.002250
Single
ammonii
36. Defense
Shat Purt
nmmomm
0.064516
40 Defenis
Single Wing
2
n.ncaani 0.064566
Saunn-man
aumonm
Eell Seven--mnn line TWWing
ammomm
Fig. 12. Top 10 risky formation pairs derived
Random-Forest
KNeereet Neighbor
Xg-Boost
f1-score
0.75
0.94
0.90
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
precision
0.96
0.98
0.97
recall
0.84
0.92
0.88
Throughout this research study, it is proven that the necessity to build a comprehensive injury predictive mechanism to mitigate injuries dealing with multiple sources and different components that could redefine the way that the injury control mechanism to be performed in the near future. The proposed study highlights the benefits to be yielded having roots implanted in different components namely exploring and pre-processing data, predictive modelling, formation analysis using simulation & FP-matrix. Injury predictive modelling details into extensive architecture to be followed in predicting injury percentage from streaming feeds where as dangerous formation pairs yielding higher concussion rate are mined and chosen through simulation and mapped then to FP matrix highlighting the need for authorities to relook into it and regulate. Experimental results have validated the theoretical framework specified. This proposed workflow could be utilized for any games in developing their injury predictive mechanism strengthening their existing injury protocol by only tweaking little bit thus proving to be effective solution wherever applicable. Just in the case of Srilankan context, National Rugby team is unable to cope with the withdrawal of players due to injury fears in the absence of proper injury control mechanism and protocols(21,22]..n)
Accuracy-Score
0.639
0.924
0 168
Fig.10. Different Algorithms applied with respective model scores.
Since injury predictive mechanism relies on the sensitivity (the proportion of detecting the injured/concussed players correctly among those who're re injured actually), due care should be taken to maximize the sensitivity along with model score by increasing the volume of historical data and training data on the Big Data Machine Learning platform. The proposed injury predictive model works as an injury predictor with fixed time stamp identifying the concussions occurred time by providing an injury accurring percentage to each play. Defining a threshold to the aforementioned injury percentage outputs by model, we could distinguish the awful concussions from the rest of the injuries subsequently proving beneficial in providing pre-attention and prevention to players succumbing dangerous injuries making the game safer.
Kafka is proposed as the message queue for streaming data and the player movement vectors will be captured accordingly. Through Faust, a Stream processor library to port ideas from Kafka to python, the movements of 22 players in a play is imput to the model. Utilizing the batch
our proposed comprehensive solution could very well be applied in similar contexts and

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could be developed for different concussing games accordingly.
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Other than this, on the technical context, the future works could shed light upon finding proper data capturing mechanism to regulate inputs by introducing loT concepts into existing mechanism and enhance the modelling approach by trying out multiple classification algorithms. Also, due care should be put in using optimization algorithms like genetic algorithms to derive optimal formation pairs and they might yield better results than currntt context. Automating the offensive and defensive formation classification to reduce the time and cost would be another future work that would significantly enhance the value of the solution.
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[Accessed 7 Aug. 2019].


Reviews:
[{"review_id": "ryxj7V6k9S", "reviewer": "AnonReviewer4", "summary": "", "questions": "", "limitations": "", "rating": 1, "confidence": null, "soundness": null, "presentation": null, "contribution": null, "strengths": "", "weaknesses": "", "quality": null, "clarity": null, "significance": null, "originality": null, "strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "was_revised": false, "final_justification": "", "rebuttal": "", "claims_and_evidence": "", "methods_and_evaluation_criteria": "", "theoretical_claims": "", "experimental_designs_or_analyses": "", "relation_to_broader_scientific_literature": "", "essential_references_not_discussed": "", "other_strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "other_comments_or_suggestions": "", "questions_for_authors": "", "summary_of_paper": "", "summary_of_recommendation": "", "technical_quality": "", "clarity_of_presentation": "", "potential_impact": "", "robotics_focus": "", "quality_of_limitations": "", "questions_for_rebuttal": "", "reasons_to_accept": "", "reasons_to_reject": "", "questions_to_authors": "", "main_review": "", "summary_of_the_paper": "", "summary_of_the_review": "", "strength_and_weaknesses": "", "limitations_and_societal_impact": "", "review_text": "This paper introduces a machine learning pipeline for injury prediction in NFL events. The paper discusses several system settings on data streaming and processing, along with model selection and other hyper-parameter tuning details. The problem itself is very important. However, there are several disadvantages of the current status of the paper.\n\nThe writing of this paper needs to be largely improved. The description is very redundant and the texts are very hard to read. Therefore, it makes the paper much less clear to the reader.\n\nSecond, the proposed system is not related to the focus of ICLR and it lacks the novelty. Both the data processing and model selection methods are already well-known practicies. Experiments are also not established well enough to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed solution to this problem.\n\nDue to the above issues, I think the paper is not ready for publication.", "extra_scores": {"experience_assessment": "I have published one or two papers in this area.", "review_assessment:_thoroughness_in_paper_reading": "I read the paper thoroughly.", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_experiments": "I carefully checked the experiments.", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_derivations_and_theory": "I carefully checked the derivations and theory."}, "extra_text": {}}, {"review_id": "rklPBJyfcr", "reviewer": "AnonReviewer2", "summary": "", "questions": "", "limitations": "", "rating": 1, "confidence": null, "soundness": null, "presentation": null, "contribution": null, "strengths": "", "weaknesses": "", "quality": null, "clarity": null, "significance": null, "originality": null, "strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "was_revised": false, "final_justification": "", "rebuttal": "", "claims_and_evidence": "", "methods_and_evaluation_criteria": "", "theoretical_claims": "", "experimental_designs_or_analyses": "", "relation_to_broader_scientific_literature": "", "essential_references_not_discussed": "", "other_strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "other_comments_or_suggestions": "", "questions_for_authors": "", "summary_of_paper": "", "summary_of_recommendation": "", "technical_quality": "", "clarity_of_presentation": "", "potential_impact": "", "robotics_focus": "", "quality_of_limitations": "", "questions_for_rebuttal": "", "reasons_to_accept": "", "reasons_to_reject": "", "questions_to_authors": "", "main_review": "", "summary_of_the_paper": "", "summary_of_the_review": "", "strength_and_weaknesses": "", "limitations_and_societal_impact": "", "review_text": "The study analyzes NFL data to mitigate injuries of NFL players. Methods such as K-NN, XGBoost, and SVM are used for the analysis and predictive modeling.\nAlthough the research is important for NFL and sports industries, there are several problems as an ICLR paper: \nFirst, it is not formatted correctly. I guess using single column, the content may be overlength. Second, the methods used in the paper are conventional and there is no novelty from the algorithmic perspective. Third, the findings is useful within the sports industry, but does not conveys much insight for the ICLR community.\n", "extra_scores": {"experience_assessment": "I do not know much about this area.", "review_assessment:_thoroughness_in_paper_reading": "I read the paper at least twice and used my best judgement in assessing the paper.", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_experiments": "I assessed the sensibility of the experiments.", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_derivations_and_theory": "I assessed the sensibility of the derivations and theory."}, "extra_text": {}}, {"review_id": "Skl9vNA6tB", "reviewer": "AnonReviewer1", "summary": "", "questions": "", "limitations": "", "rating": 1, "confidence": null, "soundness": null, "presentation": null, "contribution": null, "strengths": "", "weaknesses": "", "quality": null, "clarity": null, "significance": null, "originality": null, "strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "was_revised": false, "final_justification": "", "rebuttal": "", "claims_and_evidence": "", "methods_and_evaluation_criteria": "", "theoretical_claims": "", "experimental_designs_or_analyses": "", "relation_to_broader_scientific_literature": "", "essential_references_not_discussed": "", "other_strengths_and_weaknesses": "", "other_comments_or_suggestions": "", "questions_for_authors": "", "summary_of_paper": "", "summary_of_recommendation": "", "technical_quality": "", "clarity_of_presentation": "", "potential_impact": "", "robotics_focus": "", "quality_of_limitations": "", "questions_for_rebuttal": "", "reasons_to_accept": "", "reasons_to_reject": "", "questions_to_authors": "", "main_review": "", "summary_of_the_paper": "", "summary_of_the_review": "", "strength_and_weaknesses": "", "limitations_and_societal_impact": "", "review_text": "The paper aims to improve injury prediction and modeling in the National Football League (NFL) using machine learning. Unfortunately, the lack of clarity in the paper and poor writing prevents me from writing a thorough review. Given that the authors seem to apply off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms to NFL data, and spend a significant amount of time discussing low-level details of data storage, preprocessing, and underlying hardware/software pipelines, this paper does not appear to be a good fit for ICLR and would be better served at either a data science conference, or alternatively a sports medicine/science conference.", "extra_scores": {"experience_assessment": "I do not know much about this area.", "review_assessment:_thoroughness_in_paper_reading": "I made a quick assessment of this paper.", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_experiments": "N/A", "review_assessment:_checking_correctness_of_derivations_and_theory": "N/A"}, "extra_text": {}}]

Author rebuttal:

Meta-review: All reviewers recommend reject, and there is no rebuttal.
Decision: Reject