Tham khảo 
 Việt Nam Sử Lược, Trần Trọng Kim, 1919.
 Throne and mandarins, Lloyd E. Eastman, Havard University Press, 1967.
 Black Flags In Vietnam, Henry McAleavy, The MacMillan Company: New York, 1968.
 The rise of modern China, Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, Oxford University Press, 1970.
 The Chinese Steam Navy 1862-1945, Richard N J Wright, Chatham Publishing, 2001, Chương 6.