text: import functools
  import importlib
  import os
  import re
  import signal
  import sys
  import traceback
  
  import matplotlib
  
  from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook
  from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
  from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
      _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, NavigationToolbar2,
      TimerBase, cursors, ToolContainerBase, StatusbarBase, MouseButton)
  import matplotlib.backends.qt_editor.figureoptions as figureoptions
  from matplotlib.backends.qt_editor._formsubplottool import UiSubplotTool
  from . import qt_compat
  from .qt_compat import (
      QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, __version__, QT_API,
      _devicePixelRatioF, _isdeleted, _setDevicePixelRatioF,
  )
  
  backend_version = __version__
  
  # SPECIAL_KEYS are keys that do *not* return their unicode name
  # instead they have manually specified names
  SPECIAL_KEYS = {QtCore.Qt.Key_Control: 'control',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Shift: 'shift',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Alt: 'alt',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Meta: 'super',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Return: 'enter',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Left: 'left',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Up: 'up',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Right: 'right',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Down: 'down',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Escape: 'escape',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F1: 'f1',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F2: 'f2',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F3: 'f3',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F4: 'f4',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F5: 'f5',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F6: 'f6',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F7: 'f7',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F8: 'f8',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F9: 'f9',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F10: 'f10',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F11: 'f11',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_F12: 'f12',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Home: 'home',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_End: 'end',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_PageUp: 'pageup',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_PageDown: 'pagedown',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Tab: 'tab',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Backspace: 'backspace',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Enter: 'enter',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Insert: 'insert',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Delete: 'delete',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Pause: 'pause',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_SysReq: 'sysreq',
                  QtCore.Qt.Key_Clear: 'clear', }
  if sys.platform == 'darwin':
      # in OSX, the control and super (aka cmd/apple) keys are switched, so
      # switch them back.
      SPECIAL_KEYS.update({QtCore.Qt.Key_Control: 'cmd',  # cmd/apple key
                           QtCore.Qt.Key_Meta: 'control',
                           })
  # Define which modifier keys are collected on keyboard events.
  # Elements are (Modifier Flag, Qt Key) tuples.
  # Order determines the modifier order (ctrl+alt+...) reported by Matplotlib.
  _MODIFIER_KEYS = [
      (QtCore.Qt.ShiftModifier, QtCore.Qt.Key_Shift),
      (QtCore.Qt.ControlModifier, QtCore.Qt.Key_Control),
      (QtCore.Qt.AltModifier, QtCore.Qt.Key_Alt),
      (QtCore.Qt.MetaModifier, QtCore.Qt.Key_Meta),
  ]
  cursord = {
      cursors.MOVE: QtCore.Qt.SizeAllCursor,
      cursors.HAND: QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor,
      cursors.POINTER: QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor,
      cursors.SELECT_REGION: QtCore.Qt.CrossCursor,
      cursors.WAIT: QtCore.Qt.WaitCursor,
      }
  SUPER = 0  # Deprecated.
  ALT = 1  # Deprecated.
  CTRL = 2  # Deprecated.
  SHIFT = 3  # Deprecated.
  MODIFIER_KEYS = [  # Deprecated.
      (SPECIAL_KEYS[key], mod, key) for mod, key in _MODIFIER_KEYS]
  
  
  # make place holder
  qApp = None
  
  
  def _create_qApp():
      """
      Only one qApp can exist at a time, so check before creating one.
      """
      global qApp
  
      if qApp is None:
          app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance()
          if app is None:
              # check for DISPLAY env variable on X11 build of Qt
              if QtCore.qVersion() >= "5.":
                  try:
                      importlib.import_module(
                          # i.e. PyQt5.QtX11Extras or PySide2.QtX11Extras.
                          f"{QtWidgets.__package__}.QtX11Extras")
                      is_x11_build = True
                  except ImportError:
                      is_x11_build = False
              else:
                  is_x11_build = hasattr(QtGui, "QX11Info")
              if is_x11_build:
                  display = os.environ.get('DISPLAY')
                  if display is None or not re.search(r':\d', display):
                      raise RuntimeError('Invalid DISPLAY variable')
  
              try:
                  QtWidgets.QApplication.setAttribute(
                      QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
              except AttributeError:  # Attribute only exists for Qt>=5.6.
                  pass
              qApp = QtWidgets.QApplication(["matplotlib"])
              qApp.lastWindowClosed.connect(qApp.quit)
              cbook._setup_new_guiapp()
          else:
              qApp = app
  
      try:
          qApp.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_UseHighDpiPixmaps)
      except AttributeError:
          pass
  
  
  def _allow_super_init(__init__):
      """
      Decorator for ``__init__`` to allow ``super().__init__`` on PyQt4/PySide2.
      """
  
      if QT_API == "PyQt5":
  
          return __init__
  
      else:
          # To work around lack of cooperative inheritance in PyQt4, PySide,
          # and PySide2, when calling FigureCanvasQT.__init__, we temporarily
          # patch QWidget.__init__ by a cooperative version, that first calls
          # QWidget.__init__ with no additional arguments, and then finds the
          # next class in the MRO with an __init__ that does support cooperative
          # inheritance (i.e., not defined by the PyQt4, PySide, PySide2, sip
          # or Shiboken packages), and manually call its `__init__`, once again
          # passing the additional arguments.
  
          qwidget_init = QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__
  
          def cooperative_qwidget_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
              qwidget_init(self)
              mro = type(self).__mro__
              next_coop_init = next(
                  cls for cls in mro[mro.index(QtWidgets.QWidget) + 1:]
                  if cls.__module__.split(".")[0] not in [
                      "PyQt4", "sip", "PySide", "PySide2", "Shiboken"])
              next_coop_init.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  
          @functools.wraps(__init__)
          def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
              with cbook._setattr_cm(QtWidgets.QWidget,
                                     __init__=cooperative_qwidget_init):
                  __init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  
          return wrapper
  
  
  class TimerQT(TimerBase):
      """Subclass of `.TimerBase` using QTimer events."""
  
      def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
          # Create a new timer and connect the timeout() signal to the
          # _on_timer method.
          self._timer = QtCore.QTimer()
          self._timer.timeout.connect(self._on_timer)
          super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  
      def __del__(self):
          # The check for deletedness is needed to avoid an error at animation
          # shutdown with PySide2.
          if not _isdeleted(self._timer):
              self._timer_stop()
  
      def _timer_set_single_shot(self):
          self._timer.setSingleShot(self._single)
  
      def _timer_set_interval(self):
          self._timer.setInterval(self._interval)
  
      def _timer_start(self):
          self._timer.start()
  
      def _timer_stop(self):
          self._timer.stop()
  
  
  class FigureCanvasQT(QtWidgets.QWidget, FigureCanvasBase):
      required_interactive_framework = "qt5"
      _timer_cls = TimerQT
  
      # map Qt button codes to MouseEvent's ones:
      buttond = {QtCore.Qt.LeftButton: MouseButton.LEFT,
                 QtCore.Qt.MidButton: MouseButton.MIDDLE,
                 QtCore.Qt.RightButton: MouseButton.RIGHT,
                 QtCore.Qt.XButton1: MouseButton.BACK,
                 QtCore.Qt.XButton2: MouseButton.FORWARD,
                 }
  
      @_allow_super_init
      def __init__(self, figure):
          _create_qApp()
          super().__init__(figure=figure)
  
          # We don't want to scale up the figure DPI more than once.
          # Note, we don't handle a signal for changing DPI yet.
          figure._original_dpi = figure.dpi
          self._update_figure_dpi()
          # In cases with mixed resolution displays, we need to be careful if the
          # dpi_ratio changes - in this case we need to resize the canvas
          # accordingly. We could watch for screenChanged events from Qt, but
          # the issue is that we can't guarantee this will be emitted *before*
          # the first paintEvent for the canvas, so instead we keep track of the
          # dpi_ratio value here and in paintEvent we resize the canvas if
          # needed.
          self._dpi_ratio_prev = None
  
          self._draw_pending = False
          self._is_drawing = False
          self._draw_rect_callback = lambda painter: None
  
          self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_OpaquePaintEvent)
          self.setMouseTracking(True)
          self.resize(*self.get_width_height())
  
          palette = QtGui.QPalette(QtCore.Qt.white)
          self.setPalette(palette)
  
      def _update_figure_dpi(self):
          dpi = self._dpi_ratio * self.figure._original_dpi
          self.figure._set_dpi(dpi, forward=False)
  
      @property
      def _dpi_ratio(self):
          return _devicePixelRatioF(self)
  
      def _update_dpi(self):
          # As described in __init__ above, we need to be careful in cases with
          # mixed resolution displays if dpi_ratio is changing between painting
          # events.
          # Return whether we triggered a resizeEvent (and thus a paintEvent)
          # from within this function.
          if self._dpi_ratio != self._dpi_ratio_prev:
              # We need to update the figure DPI.
              self._update_figure_dpi()
              self._dpi_ratio_prev = self._dpi_ratio
              # The easiest way to resize the canvas is to emit a resizeEvent
              # since we implement all the logic for resizing the canvas for
              # that event.
              event = QtGui.QResizeEvent(self.size(), self.size())
              self.resizeEvent(event)
              # resizeEvent triggers a paintEvent itself, so we exit this one
              # (after making sure that the event is immediately handled).
              return True
          return False
  
      def get_width_height(self):
          w, h = FigureCanvasBase.get_width_height(self)
          return int(w / self._dpi_ratio), int(h / self._dpi_ratio)
  
      def enterEvent(self, event):
          try:
              x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event.pos())
          except AttributeError:
              # the event from PyQt4 does not include the position
              x = y = None
          FigureCanvasBase.enter_notify_event(self, guiEvent=event, xy=(x, y))
  
      def leaveEvent(self, event):
          QtWidgets.QApplication.restoreOverrideCursor()
          FigureCanvasBase.leave_notify_event(self, guiEvent=event)
  
      def mouseEventCoords(self, pos):
          """
          Calculate mouse coordinates in physical pixels.
  
          Qt5 use logical pixels, but the figure is scaled to physical
          pixels for rendering.  Transform to physical pixels so that
          all of the down-stream transforms work as expected.
  
          Also, the origin is different and needs to be corrected.
          """
          dpi_ratio = self._dpi_ratio
          x = pos.x()
          # flip y so y=0 is bottom of canvas
          y = self.figure.bbox.height / dpi_ratio - pos.y()
          return x * dpi_ratio, y * dpi_ratio
  
      def mousePressEvent(self, event):
          x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event.pos())
          button = self.buttond.get(event.button())
          if button is not None:
              FigureCanvasBase.button_press_event(self, x, y, button,
                                                  guiEvent=event)
  
      def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, event):
          x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event.pos())
          button = self.buttond.get(event.button())
          if button is not None:
              FigureCanvasBase.button_press_event(self, x, y,
                                                  button, dblclick=True,
                                                  guiEvent=event)
  
      def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
          x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event)
          FigureCanvasBase.motion_notify_event(self, x, y, guiEvent=event)
  
      def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
          x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event)
          button = self.buttond.get(event.button())
          if button is not None:
              FigureCanvasBase.button_release_event(self, x, y, button,
                                                    guiEvent=event)
  
      if QtCore.qVersion() >= "5.":
          def wheelEvent(self, event):
              x, y = self.mouseEventCoords(event)
              # from QWheelEvent::delta doc
              if event.pixelDelta().x() == 0 and event.pixelDelta().y() == 0:
                  steps = event.angleDelta().y() / 120
              else:
                  steps = event.pixelDelta().y()
              if steps:
                  FigureCanvasBase.scroll_event(
                      self, x, y, steps, guiEvent=event)
      else:
          def wheelEvent(self, event):
              x = event.x()
              # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
              y = self.figure.bbox.height - event.y()
              # from QWheelEvent::delta doc
              steps = event.delta() / 120
              if event.orientation() == QtCore.Qt.Vertical:
                  FigureCanvasBase.scroll_event(
                      self, x, y, steps, guiEvent=event)
  
      def keyPressEvent(self, event):
          key = self._get_key(event)
          if key is not None:
              FigureCanvasBase.key_press_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)
  
      def keyReleaseEvent(self, event):
          key = self._get_key(event)
          if key is not None:
              FigureCanvasBase.key_release_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)
  
      def resizeEvent(self, event):
          # _dpi_ratio_prev will be set the first time the canvas is painted, and
          # the rendered buffer is useless before anyways.
          if self._dpi_ratio_prev is None:
              return
          w = event.size().width() * self._dpi_ratio
          h = event.size().height() * self._dpi_ratio
          dpival = self.figure.dpi
          winch = w / dpival
          hinch = h / dpival
          self.figure.set_size_inches(winch, hinch, forward=False)
          # pass back into Qt to let it finish
          QtWidgets.QWidget.resizeEvent(self, event)
          # emit our resize events
          FigureCanvasBase.resize_event(self)
  
      def sizeHint(self):
          w, h = self.get_width_height()
          return QtCore.QSize(w, h)
  
      def minumumSizeHint(self):
          return QtCore.QSize(10, 10)
  
      def _get_key(self, event):
          event_key = event.key()
          event_mods = int(event.modifiers())  # actually a bitmask
  
          # get names of the pressed modifier keys
          # 'control' is named 'control' when a standalone key, but 'ctrl' when a
          # modifier
          # bit twiddling to pick out modifier keys from event_mods bitmask,
          # if event_key is a MODIFIER, it should not be duplicated in mods
          mods = [SPECIAL_KEYS[key].replace('control', 'ctrl')
                  for mod, key in _MODIFIER_KEYS
                  if event_key != key and event_mods & mod]
          try:
              # for certain keys (enter, left, backspace, etc) use a word for the
              # key, rather than unicode
              key = SPECIAL_KEYS[event_key]
          except KeyError:
              # unicode defines code points up to 0x10ffff (sys.maxunicode)
              # QT will use Key_Codes larger than that for keyboard keys that are
              # are not unicode characters (like multimedia keys)
              # skip these
              # if you really want them, you should add them to SPECIAL_KEYS
              if event_key > sys.maxunicode:
                  return None
  
              key = chr(event_key)
              # qt delivers capitalized letters.  fix capitalization
              # note that capslock is ignored
              if 'shift' in mods:
                  mods.remove('shift')
              else:
                  key = key.lower()
  
          return '+'.join(mods + [key])
  
      def flush_events(self):
          # docstring inherited
          qApp.processEvents()
  
      def start_event_loop(self, timeout=0):
          # docstring inherited
          if hasattr(self, "_event_loop") and self._event_loop.isRunning():
              raise RuntimeError("Event loop already running")
          self._event_loop = event_loop = QtCore.QEventLoop()
          if timeout > 0:
              timer = QtCore.QTimer.singleShot(int(timeout * 1000),
                                               event_loop.quit)
          event_loop.exec_()
  
      def stop_event_loop(self, event=None):
          # docstring inherited
          if hasattr(self, "_event_loop"):
              self._event_loop.quit()
  
      def draw(self):
          """Render the figure, and queue a request for a Qt draw."""
          # The renderer draw is done here; delaying causes problems with code
          # that uses the result of the draw() to update plot elements.
          if self._is_drawing:
              return
          with cbook._setattr_cm(self, _is_drawing=True):
              super().draw()
          self.update()
  
      def draw_idle(self):
          """Queue redraw of the Agg buffer and request Qt paintEvent."""
          # The Agg draw needs to be handled by the same thread Matplotlib
          # modifies the scene graph from. Post Agg draw request to the
          # current event loop in order to ensure thread affinity and to
          # accumulate multiple draw requests from event handling.
          # TODO: queued signal connection might be safer than singleShot
          if not (getattr(self, '_draw_pending', False) or
                  getattr(self, '_is_drawing', False)):
              self._draw_pending = True
              QtCore.QTimer.singleShot(0, self._draw_idle)
  
      def blit(self, bbox=None):
          # docstring inherited
          if bbox is None and self.figure:
              bbox = self.figure.bbox  # Blit the entire canvas if bbox is None.
          # repaint uses logical pixels, not physical pixels like the renderer.
          l, b, w, h = [int(pt / self._dpi_ratio) for pt in bbox.bounds]
          t = b + h
          self.repaint(l, self.rect().height() - t, w, h)
  
      def _draw_idle(self):
          with self._idle_draw_cntx():
              if not self._draw_pending:
                  return
              self._draw_pending = False
              if self.height() < 0 or self.width() < 0:
                  return
              try:
                  self.draw()
              except Exception:
                  # Uncaught exceptions are fatal for PyQt5, so catch them.
                  traceback.print_exc()
  
      def drawRectangle(self, rect):
          # Draw the zoom rectangle to the QPainter.  _draw_rect_callback needs
          # to be called at the end of paintEvent.
          if rect is not None:
              x0, y0, w, h = [int(pt / self._dpi_ratio) for pt in rect]
              x1 = x0 + w
              y1 = y0 + h
              def _draw_rect_callback(painter):
                  pen = QtGui.QPen(QtCore.Qt.black, 1 / self._dpi_ratio)
                  pen.setDashPattern([3, 3])
                  for color, offset in [
                          (QtCore.Qt.black, 0), (QtCore.Qt.white, 3)]:
                      pen.setDashOffset(offset)
                      pen.setColor(color)
                      painter.setPen(pen)
                      # Draw the lines from x0, y0 towards x1, y1 so that the
                      # dashes don't "jump" when moving the zoom box.
                      painter.drawLine(x0, y0, x0, y1)
                      painter.drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y0)
                      painter.drawLine(x0, y1, x1, y1)
                      painter.drawLine(x1, y0, x1, y1)
          else:
              def _draw_rect_callback(painter):
                  return
          self._draw_rect_callback = _draw_rect_callback
          self.update()
  
  
  class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
      closing = QtCore.Signal()
  
      def closeEvent(self, event):
          self.closing.emit()
          super().closeEvent(event)
  
  
  class FigureManagerQT(FigureManagerBase):
      """
      Attributes
      ----------
      canvas : `FigureCanvas`
          The FigureCanvas instance
      num : int or str
          The Figure number
      toolbar : qt.QToolBar
          The qt.QToolBar
      window : qt.QMainWindow
          The qt.QMainWindow
      """
  
      def __init__(self, canvas, num):
          super().__init__(canvas, num)
          self.window = MainWindow()
          self.window.closing.connect(canvas.close_event)
          self.window.closing.connect(self._widgetclosed)
  
          self.window.setWindowTitle("Figure %d" % num)
          image = str(cbook._get_data_path('images/matplotlib.svg'))
          self.window.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon(image))
  
          self.window._destroying = False
  
          self.toolbar = self._get_toolbar(self.canvas, self.window)
  
          if self.toolmanager:
              backend_tools.add_tools_to_manager(self.toolmanager)
              if self.toolbar:
                  backend_tools.add_tools_to_container(self.toolbar)
  
          if self.toolbar:
              self.window.addToolBar(self.toolbar)
              tbs_height = self.toolbar.sizeHint().height()
          else:
              tbs_height = 0
  
          # resize the main window so it will display the canvas with the
          # requested size:
          cs = canvas.sizeHint()
          cs_height = cs.height()
          height = cs_height + tbs_height
          self.window.resize(cs.width(), height)
  
          self.window.setCentralWidget(self.canvas)
  
          if matplotlib.is_interactive():
              self.window.show()
              self.canvas.draw_idle()
  
          # Give the keyboard focus to the figure instead of the manager:
          # StrongFocus accepts both tab and click to focus and will enable the
          # canvas to process event without clicking.
          # https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qt.html#FocusPolicy-enum
          self.canvas.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus)
          self.canvas.setFocus()
  
          self.window.raise_()
  
      def full_screen_toggle(self):
          if self.window.isFullScreen():
              self.window.showNormal()
          else:
              self.window.showFullScreen()
  
      def _widgetclosed(self):
          if self.window._destroying:
              return
          self.window._destroying = True
          try:
              Gcf.destroy(self)
          except AttributeError:
              pass
              # It seems that when the python session is killed,
              # Gcf can get destroyed before the Gcf.destroy
              # line is run, leading to a useless AttributeError.
  
      def _get_toolbar(self, canvas, parent):
          # must be inited after the window, drawingArea and figure
          # attrs are set
          if matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
              toolbar = NavigationToolbar2QT(canvas, parent, True)
          elif matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
              toolbar = ToolbarQt(self.toolmanager, self.window)
          else:
              toolbar = None
          return toolbar
  
      def resize(self, width, height):
          # these are Qt methods so they return sizes in 'virtual' pixels
          # so we do not need to worry about dpi scaling here.
          extra_width = self.window.width() - self.canvas.width()
          extra_height = self.window.height() - self.canvas.height()
          self.canvas.resize(width, height)
          self.window.resize(width + extra_width, height + extra_height)
  
      def show(self):
          self.window.show()
          if matplotlib.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
              self.window.activateWindow()
              self.window.raise_()
  
      def destroy(self, *args):
          # check for qApp first, as PySide deletes it in its atexit handler
          if QtWidgets.QApplication.instance() is None:
              return
          if self.window._destroying:
              return
          self.window._destroying = True
          if self.toolbar:
              self.toolbar.destroy()
          self.window.close()
  
      def get_window_title(self):
          return self.window.windowTitle()
  
      def set_window_title(self, title):
          self.window.setWindowTitle(title)
  
  
  class NavigationToolbar2QT(NavigationToolbar2, QtWidgets.QToolBar):
      message = QtCore.Signal(str)
  
      toolitems = [*NavigationToolbar2.toolitems]
      toolitems.insert(
          # Add 'customize' action after 'subplots'
          [name for name, *_ in toolitems].index("Subplots") + 1,
          ("Customize", "Edit axis, curve and image parameters",
           "qt4_editor_options", "edit_parameters"))
  
      def __init__(self, canvas, parent, coordinates=True):
          """coordinates: should we show the coordinates on the right?"""
          QtWidgets.QToolBar.__init__(self, parent)
          self.setAllowedAreas(
              QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea | QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea)
  
          self.coordinates = coordinates
          self._actions = {}  # mapping of toolitem method names to QActions.
  
          for text, tooltip_text, image_file, callback in self.toolitems:
              if text is None:
                  self.addSeparator()
              else:
                  a = self.addAction(self._icon(image_file + '.png'),
                                     text, getattr(self, callback))
                  self._actions[callback] = a
                  if callback in ['zoom', 'pan']:
                      a.setCheckable(True)
                  if tooltip_text is not None:
                      a.setToolTip(tooltip_text)
  
          # Add the (x, y) location widget at the right side of the toolbar
          # The stretch factor is 1 which means any resizing of the toolbar
          # will resize this label instead of the buttons.
          if self.coordinates:
              self.locLabel = QtWidgets.QLabel("", self)
              self.locLabel.setAlignment(
                  QtCore.Qt.AlignRight | QtCore.Qt.AlignVCenter)
              self.locLabel.setSizePolicy(
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                        QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Ignored))
              labelAction = self.addWidget(self.locLabel)
              labelAction.setVisible(True)
  
          NavigationToolbar2.__init__(self, canvas)
  
      @cbook.deprecated("3.3", alternative="self.canvas.parent()")
      @property
      def parent(self):
          return self.canvas.parent()
  
      @cbook.deprecated("3.3", alternative="self.canvas.setParent()")
      @parent.setter
      def parent(self, value):
          pass
  
      @cbook.deprecated(
          "3.3", alternative="os.path.join(mpl.get_data_path(), 'images')")
      @property
      def basedir(self):
          return str(cbook._get_data_path('images'))
  
      def _icon(self, name):
          """
          Construct a `.QIcon` from an image file *name*, including the extension
          and relative to Matplotlib's "images" data directory.
          """
          if QtCore.qVersion() >= '5.':
              name = name.replace('.png', '_large.png')
          pm = QtGui.QPixmap(str(cbook._get_data_path('images', name)))
          _setDevicePixelRatioF(pm, _devicePixelRatioF(self))
          if self.palette().color(self.backgroundRole()).value() < 128:
              icon_color = self.palette().color(self.foregroundRole())
              mask = pm.createMaskFromColor(QtGui.QColor('black'),
                                            QtCore.Qt.MaskOutColor)
              pm.fill(icon_color)
              pm.setMask(mask)
          return QtGui.QIcon(pm)
  
      def edit_parameters(self):
          axes = self.canvas.figure.get_axes()
          if not axes:
              QtWidgets.QMessageBox.warning(
                  self.canvas.parent(), "Error", "There are no axes to edit.")
              return
          elif len(axes) == 1:
              ax, = axes
          else:
              titles = [
                  ax.get_label() or
                  ax.get_title() or
                  " - ".join(filter(None, [ax.get_xlabel(), ax.get_ylabel()])) or
                  f"<anonymous {type(ax).__name__}>"
                  for ax in axes]
              duplicate_titles = [
                  title for title in titles if titles.count(title) > 1]
              for i, ax in enumerate(axes):
                  if titles[i] in duplicate_titles:
                      titles[i] += f" (id: {id(ax):#x})"  # Deduplicate titles.
              item, ok = QtWidgets.QInputDialog.getItem(
                  self.canvas.parent(),
                  'Customize', 'Select axes:', titles, 0, False)
              if not ok:
                  return
              ax = axes[titles.index(item)]
          figureoptions.figure_edit(ax, self)
  
      def _update_buttons_checked(self):
          # sync button checkstates to match active mode
          if 'pan' in self._actions:
              self._actions['pan'].setChecked(self.mode.name == 'PAN')
          if 'zoom' in self._actions:
              self._actions['zoom'].setChecked(self.mode.name == 'ZOOM')
  
      def pan(self, *args):
          super().pan(*args)
          self._update_buttons_checked()
  
      def zoom(self, *args):
          super().zoom(*args)
          self._update_buttons_checked()
  
      def set_message(self, s):
          self.message.emit(s)
          if self.coordinates:
              self.locLabel.setText(s)
  
      def set_cursor(self, cursor):
          self.canvas.setCursor(cursord[cursor])
  
      def draw_rubberband(self, event, x0, y0, x1, y1):
          height = self.canvas.figure.bbox.height
          y1 = height - y1
          y0 = height - y0
          rect = [int(val) for val in (x0, y0, x1 - x0, y1 - y0)]
          self.canvas.drawRectangle(rect)
  
      def remove_rubberband(self):
          self.canvas.drawRectangle(None)
  
      def configure_subplots(self):
          image = str(cbook._get_data_path('images/matplotlib.png'))
          dia = SubplotToolQt(self.canvas.figure, self.canvas.parent())
          dia.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon(image))
          dia.exec_()
  
      def save_figure(self, *args):
          filetypes = self.canvas.get_supported_filetypes_grouped()
          sorted_filetypes = sorted(filetypes.items())
          default_filetype = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()
  
          startpath = os.path.expanduser(
              matplotlib.rcParams['savefig.directory'])
          start = os.path.join(startpath, self.canvas.get_default_filename())
          filters = []
          selectedFilter = None
          for name, exts in sorted_filetypes:
              exts_list = " ".join(['*.%s' % ext for ext in exts])
              filter = '%s (%s)' % (name, exts_list)
              if default_filetype in exts:
                  selectedFilter = filter
              filters.append(filter)
          filters = ';;'.join(filters)
  
          fname, filter = qt_compat._getSaveFileName(
              self.canvas.parent(), "Choose a filename to save to", start,
              filters, selectedFilter)
          if fname:
              # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (i.e., use cwd).
              if startpath != "":
                  matplotlib.rcParams['savefig.directory'] = (
                      os.path.dirname(fname))
              try:
                  self.canvas.figure.savefig(fname)
              except Exception as e:
                  QtWidgets.QMessageBox.critical(
                      self, "Error saving file", str(e),
                      QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Ok, QtWidgets.QMessageBox.NoButton)
  
      def set_history_buttons(self):
          can_backward = self._nav_stack._pos > 0
          can_forward = self._nav_stack._pos < len(self._nav_stack._elements) - 1
          if 'back' in self._actions:
              self._actions['back'].setEnabled(can_backward)
          if 'forward' in self._actions:
              self._actions['forward'].setEnabled(can_forward)
  
  
  class SubplotToolQt(UiSubplotTool):
      def __init__(self, targetfig, parent):
          super().__init__(None)
  
          self._figure = targetfig
  
          for lower, higher in [("bottom", "top"), ("left", "right")]:
              self._widgets[lower].valueChanged.connect(
                  lambda val: self._widgets[higher].setMinimum(val + .001))
              self._widgets[higher].valueChanged.connect(
                  lambda val: self._widgets[lower].setMaximum(val - .001))
  
          self._attrs = ["top", "bottom", "left", "right", "hspace", "wspace"]
          self._defaults = {attr: vars(self._figure.subplotpars)[attr]
                            for attr in self._attrs}
  
          # Set values after setting the range callbacks, but before setting up
          # the redraw callbacks.
          self._reset()
  
          for attr in self._attrs:
              self._widgets[attr].valueChanged.connect(self._on_value_changed)
          for action, method in [("Export values", self._export_values),
                                 ("Tight layout", self._tight_layout),
                                 ("Reset", self._reset),
                                 ("Close", self.close)]:
              self._widgets[action].clicked.connect(method)
  
      def _export_values(self):
          # Explicitly round to 3 decimals (which is also the spinbox precision)
          # to avoid numbers of the form 0.100...001.
          dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
          layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
          dialog.setLayout(layout)
          text = QtWidgets.QPlainTextEdit()
          text.setReadOnly(True)
          layout.addWidget(text)
          text.setPlainText(
              ",\n".join("{}={:.3}".format(attr, self._widgets[attr].value())
                         for attr in self._attrs))
          # Adjust the height of the text widget to fit the whole text, plus
          # some padding.
          size = text.maximumSize()
          size.setHeight(
              QtGui.QFontMetrics(text.document().defaultFont())
              .size(0, text.toPlainText()).height() + 20)
          text.setMaximumSize(size)
          dialog.exec_()
  
      def _on_value_changed(self):
          self._figure.subplots_adjust(**{attr: self._widgets[attr].value()
                                          for attr in self._attrs})
          self._figure.canvas.draw_idle()
  
      def _tight_layout(self):
          self._figure.tight_layout()
          for attr in self._attrs:
              widget = self._widgets[attr]
              widget.blockSignals(True)
              widget.setValue(vars(self._figure.subplotpars)[attr])
              widget.blockSignals(False)
          self._figure.canvas.draw_idle()
  
      def _reset(self):
          for attr, value in self._defaults.items():
              self._widgets[attr].setValue(value)
  
  
  class ToolbarQt(ToolContainerBase, QtWidgets.QToolBar):
      def __init__(self, toolmanager, parent):
          ToolContainerBase.__init__(self, toolmanager)
          QtWidgets.QToolBar.__init__(self, parent)
          self.setAllowedAreas(
              QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea | QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea)
          message_label = QtWidgets.QLabel("")
          message_label.setAlignment(
              QtCore.Qt.AlignRight | QtCore.Qt.AlignVCenter)
          message_label.setSizePolicy(
              QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                    QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Ignored))
          self._message_action = self.addWidget(message_label)
          self._toolitems = {}
          self._groups = {}
  
      def add_toolitem(
              self, name, group, position, image_file, description, toggle):
  
          button = QtWidgets.QToolButton(self)
          if image_file:
              button.setIcon(NavigationToolbar2QT._icon(self, image_file))
          button.setText(name)
          if description:
              button.setToolTip(description)
  
          def handler():
              self.trigger_tool(name)
          if toggle:
              button.setCheckable(True)
              button.toggled.connect(handler)
          else:
              button.clicked.connect(handler)
  
          self._toolitems.setdefault(name, [])
          self._add_to_group(group, name, button, position)
          self._toolitems[name].append((button, handler))
  
      def _add_to_group(self, group, name, button, position):
          gr = self._groups.get(group, [])
          if not gr:
              sep = self.insertSeparator(self._message_action)
              gr.append(sep)
          before = gr[position]
          widget = self.insertWidget(before, button)
          gr.insert(position, widget)
          self._groups[group] = gr
  
      def toggle_toolitem(self, name, toggled):
          if name not in self._toolitems:
              return
          for button, handler in self._toolitems[name]:
              button.toggled.disconnect(handler)
              button.setChecked(toggled)
              button.toggled.connect(handler)
  
      def remove_toolitem(self, name):
          for button, handler in self._toolitems[name]:
              button.setParent(None)
          del self._toolitems[name]
  
      def set_message(self, s):
          self.widgetForAction(self._message_action).setText(s)
  
  
  @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
  class StatusbarQt(StatusbarBase, QtWidgets.QLabel):
      def __init__(self, window, *args, **kwargs):
          StatusbarBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
          QtWidgets.QLabel.__init__(self)
          window.statusBar().addWidget(self)
  
      def set_message(self, s):
          self.setText(s)
  
  
  class ConfigureSubplotsQt(backend_tools.ConfigureSubplotsBase):
      def trigger(self, *args):
          NavigationToolbar2QT.configure_subplots(
              self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar())
  
  
  class SaveFigureQt(backend_tools.SaveFigureBase):
      def trigger(self, *args):
          NavigationToolbar2QT.save_figure(
              self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar())
  
  
  class SetCursorQt(backend_tools.SetCursorBase):
      def set_cursor(self, cursor):
          NavigationToolbar2QT.set_cursor(
              self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar(), cursor)
  
  
  class RubberbandQt(backend_tools.RubberbandBase):
      def draw_rubberband(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
          NavigationToolbar2QT.draw_rubberband(
              self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar(), None, x0, y0, x1, y1)
  
      def remove_rubberband(self):
          NavigationToolbar2QT.remove_rubberband(
              self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar())
  
  
  class HelpQt(backend_tools.ToolHelpBase):
      def trigger(self, *args):
          QtWidgets.QMessageBox.information(None, "Help", self._get_help_html())
  
  
  class ToolCopyToClipboardQT(backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboardBase):
      def trigger(self, *args, **kwargs):
          pixmap = self.canvas.grab()
          qApp.clipboard().setPixmap(pixmap)
  
  
  backend_tools.ToolSaveFigure = SaveFigureQt
  backend_tools.ToolConfigureSubplots = ConfigureSubplotsQt
  backend_tools.ToolSetCursor = SetCursorQt
  backend_tools.ToolRubberband = RubberbandQt
  backend_tools.ToolHelp = HelpQt
  backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboard = ToolCopyToClipboardQT
  
  
  @_Backend.export
  class _BackendQT5(_Backend):
      FigureCanvas = FigureCanvasQT
      FigureManager = FigureManagerQT
  
      @staticmethod
      def trigger_manager_draw(manager):
          manager.canvas.draw_idle()
  
      @staticmethod
      def mainloop():
          old_signal = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
          # allow SIGINT exceptions to close the plot window.
          is_python_signal_handler = old_signal is not None
          if is_python_signal_handler:
              signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
          try:
              qApp.exec_()
          finally:
              # reset the SIGINT exception handler
              if is_python_signal_handler:
                  signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, old_signal)
  