text: def f1(**kwargs):
      print(kwargs)
  
  f1()
  f1(a=1)
  
  def f2(a, **kwargs):
      print(a, kwargs)
  
  f2(1)
  f2(1, b=2)
  
  def f3(a, *vargs, **kwargs):
      print(a, vargs, kwargs)
  
  f3(1)
  f3(1, 2)
  f3(1, b=2)
  f3(1, 2, b=3)
  