text: # Copyright 2016 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  # ==============================================================================
  """Example code for TensorFlow Wide & Deep Tutorial using TF.Learn API."""
  from __future__ import absolute_import
  from __future__ import division
  from __future__ import print_function
  
  import argparse
  import sys
  import tempfile
  
  import pandas as pd
  from six.moves import urllib
  import tensorflow as tf
  
  
  CSV_COLUMNS = [
      "age", "workclass", "fnlwgt", "education", "education_num",
      "marital_status", "occupation", "relationship", "race", "gender",
      "capital_gain", "capital_loss", "hours_per_week", "native_country",
      "income_bracket"
  ]
  
  gender = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
      "gender", ["Female", "Male"])
  education = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
      "education", [
          "Bachelors", "HS-grad", "11th", "Masters", "9th",
          "Some-college", "Assoc-acdm", "Assoc-voc", "7th-8th",
          "Doctorate", "Prof-school", "5th-6th", "10th", "1st-4th",
          "Preschool", "12th"
      ])
  marital_status = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
      "marital_status", [
          "Married-civ-spouse", "Divorced", "Married-spouse-absent",
          "Never-married", "Separated", "Married-AF-spouse", "Widowed"
      ])
  relationship = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
      "relationship", [
          "Husband", "Not-in-family", "Wife", "Own-child", "Unmarried",
          "Other-relative"
      ])
  workclass = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
      "workclass", [
          "Self-emp-not-inc", "Private", "State-gov", "Federal-gov",
          "Local-gov", "?", "Self-emp-inc", "Without-pay", "Never-worked"
      ])
  
  # To show an example of hashing:
  occupation = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_hash_bucket(
      "occupation", hash_bucket_size=1000)
  native_country = tf.feature_column.categorical_column_with_hash_bucket(
      "native_country", hash_bucket_size=1000)
  
  # Continuous base columns.
  age = tf.feature_column.numeric_column("age")
  education_num = tf.feature_column.numeric_column("education_num")
  capital_gain = tf.feature_column.numeric_column("capital_gain")
  capital_loss = tf.feature_column.numeric_column("capital_loss")
  hours_per_week = tf.feature_column.numeric_column("hours_per_week")
  
  # Transformations.
  age_buckets = tf.feature_column.bucketized_column(
      age, boundaries=[18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65])
  
  # Wide columns and deep columns.
  base_columns = [
      gender, education, marital_status, relationship, workclass, occupation,
      native_country, age_buckets,
  ]
  
  crossed_columns = [
      tf.feature_column.crossed_column(
          ["education", "occupation"], hash_bucket_size=1000),
      tf.feature_column.crossed_column(
          [age_buckets, "education", "occupation"], hash_bucket_size=1000),
      tf.feature_column.crossed_column(
          ["native_country", "occupation"], hash_bucket_size=1000)
  ]
  
  deep_columns = [
      tf.feature_column.indicator_column(workclass),
      tf.feature_column.indicator_column(education),
      tf.feature_column.indicator_column(gender),
      tf.feature_column.indicator_column(relationship),
      # To show an example of embedding
      tf.feature_column.embedding_column(native_country, dimension=8),
      tf.feature_column.embedding_column(occupation, dimension=8),
      age,
      education_num,
      capital_gain,
      capital_loss,
      hours_per_week,
  ]
  
  
  def maybe_download(train_data, test_data):
    """Maybe downloads training data and returns train and test file names."""
    if train_data:
      train_file_name = train_data
    else:
      train_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
      urllib.request.urlretrieve(
          "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/adult/adult.data",
          train_file.name)  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
      train_file_name = train_file.name
      train_file.close()
      print("Training data is downloaded to %s" % train_file_name)
  
    if test_data:
      test_file_name = test_data
    else:
      test_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
      urllib.request.urlretrieve(
          "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/adult/adult.test",
          test_file.name)  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
      test_file_name = test_file.name
      test_file.close()
      print("Test data is downloaded to %s"% test_file_name)
  
    return train_file_name, test_file_name
  
  
  def build_estimator(model_dir, model_type):
    """Build an estimator."""
    if model_type == "wide":
      m = tf.estimator.LinearClassifier(
          model_dir=model_dir, feature_columns=base_columns + crossed_columns)
    elif model_type == "deep":
      m = tf.estimator.DNNClassifier(
          model_dir=model_dir,
          feature_columns=deep_columns,
          hidden_units=[100, 50])
    else:
      m = tf.estimator.DNNLinearCombinedClassifier(
          model_dir=model_dir,
          linear_feature_columns=crossed_columns,
          dnn_feature_columns=deep_columns,
          dnn_hidden_units=[100, 50])
    return m
  
  
  def input_fn(data_file, num_epochs, shuffle):
    """Input builder function."""
    df_data = pd.read_csv(
        tf.gfile.Open(data_file),
        names=CSV_COLUMNS,
        skipinitialspace=True,
        engine="python",
        skiprows=1)
    # remove NaN elements
    df_data = df_data.dropna(how="any", axis=0)
    labels = df_data["income_bracket"].apply(lambda x: ">50K" in x).astype(int)
    return tf.estimator.inputs.pandas_input_fn(
        x=df_data,
        y=labels,
        batch_size=100,
        num_epochs=num_epochs,
        shuffle=shuffle,
        num_threads=5)
  
  
  def train_and_eval(model_dir, model_type, train_steps, train_data, test_data):
    """Train and evaluate the model."""
    train_file_name, test_file_name = maybe_download(train_data, test_data)
    model_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp() if not model_dir else model_dir
  
    m = build_estimator(model_dir, model_type)
    # set num_epochs to None to get infinite stream of data.
    m.train(
        input_fn=input_fn(train_file_name, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True),
        steps=train_steps)
    # set steps to None to run evaluation until all data consumed.
    results = m.evaluate(
        input_fn=input_fn(test_file_name, num_epochs=1, shuffle=False),
        steps=None)
    print("model directory = %s" % model_dir)
    for key in sorted(results):
      print("%s: %s" % (key, results[key]))
  
  
  FLAGS = None
  
  
  def main(_):
    train_and_eval(FLAGS.model_dir, FLAGS.model_type, FLAGS.train_steps,
                   FLAGS.train_data, FLAGS.test_data)
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.register("type", "bool", lambda v: v.lower() == "true")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--model_dir",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Base directory for output models."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--model_type",
        type=str,
        default="wide_n_deep",
        help="Valid model types: {'wide', 'deep', 'wide_n_deep'}."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--train_steps",
        type=int,
        default=2000,
        help="Number of training steps."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--train_data",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Path to the training data."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--test_data",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Path to the test data."
    )
    FLAGS, unparsed = parser.parse_known_args()
    tf.app.run(main=main, argv=[sys.argv[0]] + unparsed)
  