text: 
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
  /*--- Block sorting machinery                               ---*/
  /*---                                           blocksort.c ---*/
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
  /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
     This file is part of bzip2/libbzip2, a program and library for
     lossless, block-sorting data compression.
  
     bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.6 of 6 September 2010
     Copyright (C) 1996-2010 Julian Seward <jseward@bzip.org>
  
     Please read the WARNING, DISCLAIMER and PATENTS sections in the 
     README file.
  
     This program is released under the terms of the license contained
     in the file LICENSE.
     ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
  
  
  #include "bzlib_private.h"
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /*--- Fallback O(N log(N)^2) sorting        ---*/
  /*--- algorithm, for repetitive blocks      ---*/
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  static 
  __inline__
  void fallbackSimpleSort ( UInt32* fmap, 
                            UInt32* eclass, 
                            Int32   lo, 
                            Int32   hi )
  {
     Int32 i, j, tmp;
     UInt32 ec_tmp;
  
     if (lo == hi) return;
  
     if (hi - lo > 3) {
        for ( i = hi-4; i >= lo; i-- ) {
           tmp = fmap[i];
           ec_tmp = eclass[tmp];
           for ( j = i+4; j <= hi && ec_tmp > eclass[fmap[j]]; j += 4 )
              fmap[j-4] = fmap[j];
           fmap[j-4] = tmp;
        }
     }
  
     for ( i = hi-1; i >= lo; i-- ) {
        tmp = fmap[i];
        ec_tmp = eclass[tmp];
        for ( j = i+1; j <= hi && ec_tmp > eclass[fmap[j]]; j++ )
           fmap[j-1] = fmap[j];
        fmap[j-1] = tmp;
     }
  }
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  #define fswap(zz1, zz2) \
     { Int32 zztmp = zz1; zz1 = zz2; zz2 = zztmp; }
  
  #define fvswap(zzp1, zzp2, zzn)       \
  {                                     \
     Int32 yyp1 = (zzp1);               \
     Int32 yyp2 = (zzp2);               \
     Int32 yyn  = (zzn);                \
     while (yyn > 0) {                  \
        fswap(fmap[yyp1], fmap[yyp2]);  \
        yyp1++; yyp2++; yyn--;          \
     }                                  \
  }
  
  
  #define fmin(a,b) ((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)
  
  #define fpush(lz,hz) { stackLo[sp] = lz; \
                         stackHi[sp] = hz; \
                         sp++; }
  
  #define fpop(lz,hz) { sp--;              \
                        lz = stackLo[sp];  \
                        hz = stackHi[sp]; }
  
  #define FALLBACK_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH 10
  #define FALLBACK_QSORT_STACK_SIZE   100
  
  
  static
  void fallbackQSort3 ( UInt32* fmap, 
                        UInt32* eclass,
                        Int32   loSt, 
                        Int32   hiSt )
  {
     Int32 unLo, unHi, ltLo, gtHi, n, m;
     Int32 sp, lo, hi;
     UInt32 med, r, r3;
     Int32 stackLo[FALLBACK_QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
     Int32 stackHi[FALLBACK_QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
  
     r = 0;
  
     sp = 0;
     fpush ( loSt, hiSt );
  
     while (sp > 0) {
  
        AssertH ( sp < FALLBACK_QSORT_STACK_SIZE - 1, 1004 );
  
        fpop ( lo, hi );
        if (hi - lo < FALLBACK_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH) {
           fallbackSimpleSort ( fmap, eclass, lo, hi );
           continue;
        }
  
        /* Random partitioning.  Median of 3 sometimes fails to
           avoid bad cases.  Median of 9 seems to help but 
           looks rather expensive.  This too seems to work but
           is cheaper.  Guidance for the magic constants 
           7621 and 32768 is taken from Sedgewick's algorithms
           book, chapter 35.
        */
        r = ((r * 7621) + 1) % 32768;
        r3 = r % 3;
        if (r3 == 0) med = eclass[fmap[lo]]; else
        if (r3 == 1) med = eclass[fmap[(lo+hi)>>1]]; else
                     med = eclass[fmap[hi]];
  
        unLo = ltLo = lo;
        unHi = gtHi = hi;
  
        while (1) {
           while (1) {
              if (unLo > unHi) break;
              n = (Int32)eclass[fmap[unLo]] - (Int32)med;
              if (n == 0) { 
                 fswap(fmap[unLo], fmap[ltLo]); 
                 ltLo++; unLo++; 
                 continue; 
              };
              if (n > 0) break;
              unLo++;
           }
           while (1) {
              if (unLo > unHi) break;
              n = (Int32)eclass[fmap[unHi]] - (Int32)med;
              if (n == 0) { 
                 fswap(fmap[unHi], fmap[gtHi]); 
                 gtHi--; unHi--; 
                 continue; 
              };
              if (n < 0) break;
              unHi--;
           }
           if (unLo > unHi) break;
           fswap(fmap[unLo], fmap[unHi]); unLo++; unHi--;
        }
  
        AssertD ( unHi == unLo-1, "fallbackQSort3(2)" );
  
        if (gtHi < ltLo) continue;
  
        n = fmin(ltLo-lo, unLo-ltLo); fvswap(lo, unLo-n, n);
        m = fmin(hi-gtHi, gtHi-unHi); fvswap(unLo, hi-m+1, m);
  
        n = lo + unLo - ltLo - 1;
        m = hi - (gtHi - unHi) + 1;
  
        if (n - lo > hi - m) {
           fpush ( lo, n );
           fpush ( m, hi );
        } else {
           fpush ( m, hi );
           fpush ( lo, n );
        }
     }
  }
  
  #undef fmin
  #undef fpush
  #undef fpop
  #undef fswap
  #undef fvswap
  #undef FALLBACK_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH
  #undef FALLBACK_QSORT_STACK_SIZE
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /* Pre:
        nblock > 0
        eclass exists for [0 .. nblock-1]
        ((UChar*)eclass) [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        ptr exists for [0 .. nblock-1]
  
     Post:
        ((UChar*)eclass) [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        All other areas of eclass destroyed
        fmap [0 .. nblock-1] holds sorted order
        bhtab [ 0 .. 2+(nblock/32) ] destroyed
  */
  
  #define       SET_BH(zz)  bhtab[(zz) >> 5] |= (1 << ((zz) & 31))
  #define     CLEAR_BH(zz)  bhtab[(zz) >> 5] &= ~(1 << ((zz) & 31))
  #define     ISSET_BH(zz)  (bhtab[(zz) >> 5] & (1 << ((zz) & 31)))
  #define      WORD_BH(zz)  bhtab[(zz) >> 5]
  #define UNALIGNED_BH(zz)  ((zz) & 0x01f)
  
  static
  void fallbackSort ( UInt32* fmap, 
                      UInt32* eclass, 
                      UInt32* bhtab,
                      Int32   nblock,
                      Int32   verb )
  {
     Int32 ftab[257];
     Int32 ftabCopy[256];
     Int32 H, i, j, k, l, r, cc, cc1;
     Int32 nNotDone;
     Int32 nBhtab;
     UChar* eclass8 = (UChar*)eclass;
  
     /*--
        Initial 1-char radix sort to generate
        initial fmap and initial BH bits.
     --*/
     if (verb >= 4)
        VPrintf0 ( "        bucket sorting ...\n" );
     for (i = 0; i < 257;    i++) ftab[i] = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) ftab[eclass8[i]]++;
     for (i = 0; i < 256;    i++) ftabCopy[i] = ftab[i];
     for (i = 1; i < 257;    i++) ftab[i] += ftab[i-1];
  
     for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
        j = eclass8[i];
        k = ftab[j] - 1;
        ftab[j] = k;
        fmap[k] = i;
     }
  
     nBhtab = 2 + (nblock / 32);
     for (i = 0; i < nBhtab; i++) bhtab[i] = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) SET_BH(ftab[i]);
  
     /*--
        Inductively refine the buckets.  Kind-of an
        "exponential radix sort" (!), inspired by the
        Manber-Myers suffix array construction algorithm.
     --*/
  
     /*-- set sentinel bits for block-end detection --*/
     for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { 
        SET_BH(nblock + 2*i);
        CLEAR_BH(nblock + 2*i + 1);
     }
  
     /*-- the log(N) loop --*/
     H = 1;
     while (1) {
  
        if (verb >= 4) 
           VPrintf1 ( "        depth %6d has ", H );
  
        j = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
           if (ISSET_BH(i)) j = i;
           k = fmap[i] - H; if (k < 0) k += nblock;
           eclass[k] = j;
        }
  
        nNotDone = 0;
        r = -1;
        while (1) {
  
  	 /*-- find the next non-singleton bucket --*/
           k = r + 1;
           while (ISSET_BH(k) && UNALIGNED_BH(k)) k++;
           if (ISSET_BH(k)) {
              while (WORD_BH(k) == 0xffffffff) k += 32;
              while (ISSET_BH(k)) k++;
           }
           l = k - 1;
           if (l >= nblock) break;
           while (!ISSET_BH(k) && UNALIGNED_BH(k)) k++;
           if (!ISSET_BH(k)) {
              while (WORD_BH(k) == 0x00000000) k += 32;
              while (!ISSET_BH(k)) k++;
           }
           r = k - 1;
           if (r >= nblock) break;
  
           /*-- now [l, r] bracket current bucket --*/
           if (r > l) {
              nNotDone += (r - l + 1);
              fallbackQSort3 ( fmap, eclass, l, r );
  
              /*-- scan bucket and generate header bits-- */
              cc = -1;
              for (i = l; i <= r; i++) {
                 cc1 = eclass[fmap[i]];
                 if (cc != cc1) { SET_BH(i); cc = cc1; };
              }
           }
        }
  
        if (verb >= 4) 
           VPrintf1 ( "%6d unresolved strings\n", nNotDone );
  
        H *= 2;
        if (H > nblock || nNotDone == 0) break;
     }
  
     /*-- 
        Reconstruct the original block in
        eclass8 [0 .. nblock-1], since the
        previous phase destroyed it.
     --*/
     if (verb >= 4)
        VPrintf0 ( "        reconstructing block ...\n" );
     j = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
        while (ftabCopy[j] == 0) j++;
        ftabCopy[j]--;
        eclass8[fmap[i]] = (UChar)j;
     }
     AssertH ( j < 256, 1005 );
  }
  
  #undef       SET_BH
  #undef     CLEAR_BH
  #undef     ISSET_BH
  #undef      WORD_BH
  #undef UNALIGNED_BH
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /*--- The main, O(N^2 log(N)) sorting       ---*/
  /*--- algorithm.  Faster for "normal"       ---*/
  /*--- non-repetitive blocks.                ---*/
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  static
  __inline__
  Bool mainGtU ( UInt32  i1, 
                 UInt32  i2,
                 UChar*  block, 
                 UInt16* quadrant,
                 UInt32  nblock,
                 Int32*  budget )
  {
     Int32  k;
     UChar  c1, c2;
     UInt16 s1, s2;
  
     AssertD ( i1 != i2, "mainGtU" );
     /* 1 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 2 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 3 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 4 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 5 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 6 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 7 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 8 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 9 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 10 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 11 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
     /* 12 */
     c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
     if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
     i1++; i2++;
  
     k = nblock + 8;
  
     do {
        /* 1 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 2 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 3 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 4 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 5 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 6 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 7 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
        /* 8 */
        c1 = block[i1]; c2 = block[i2];
        if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
        s1 = quadrant[i1]; s2 = quadrant[i2];
        if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
        i1++; i2++;
  
        if (i1 >= nblock) i1 -= nblock;
        if (i2 >= nblock) i2 -= nblock;
  
        k -= 8;
        (*budget)--;
     }
        while (k >= 0);
  
     return False;
  }
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /*--
     Knuth's increments seem to work better
     than Incerpi-Sedgewick here.  Possibly
     because the number of elems to sort is
     usually small, typically <= 20.
  --*/
  static
  Int32 incs[14] = { 1, 4, 13, 40, 121, 364, 1093, 3280,
                     9841, 29524, 88573, 265720,
                     797161, 2391484 };
  
  static
  void mainSimpleSort ( UInt32* ptr,
                        UChar*  block,
                        UInt16* quadrant,
                        Int32   nblock,
                        Int32   lo, 
                        Int32   hi, 
                        Int32   d,
                        Int32*  budget )
  {
     Int32 i, j, h, bigN, hp;
     UInt32 v;
  
     bigN = hi - lo + 1;
     if (bigN < 2) return;
  
     hp = 0;
     while (incs[hp] < bigN) hp++;
     hp--;
  
     for (; hp >= 0; hp--) {
        h = incs[hp];
  
        i = lo + h;
        while (True) {
  
           /*-- copy 1 --*/
           if (i > hi) break;
           v = ptr[i];
           j = i;
           while ( mainGtU ( 
                      ptr[j-h]+d, v+d, block, quadrant, nblock, budget 
                   ) ) {
              ptr[j] = ptr[j-h];
              j = j - h;
              if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
           }
           ptr[j] = v;
           i++;
  
           /*-- copy 2 --*/
           if (i > hi) break;
           v = ptr[i];
           j = i;
           while ( mainGtU ( 
                      ptr[j-h]+d, v+d, block, quadrant, nblock, budget 
                   ) ) {
              ptr[j] = ptr[j-h];
              j = j - h;
              if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
           }
           ptr[j] = v;
           i++;
  
           /*-- copy 3 --*/
           if (i > hi) break;
           v = ptr[i];
           j = i;
           while ( mainGtU ( 
                      ptr[j-h]+d, v+d, block, quadrant, nblock, budget 
                   ) ) {
              ptr[j] = ptr[j-h];
              j = j - h;
              if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
           }
           ptr[j] = v;
           i++;
  
           if (*budget < 0) return;
        }
     }
  }
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /*--
     The following is an implementation of
     an elegant 3-way quicksort for strings,
     described in a paper "Fast Algorithms for
     Sorting and Searching Strings", by Robert
     Sedgewick and Jon L. Bentley.
  --*/
  
  #define mswap(zz1, zz2) \
     { Int32 zztmp = zz1; zz1 = zz2; zz2 = zztmp; }
  
  #define mvswap(zzp1, zzp2, zzn)       \
  {                                     \
     Int32 yyp1 = (zzp1);               \
     Int32 yyp2 = (zzp2);               \
     Int32 yyn  = (zzn);                \
     while (yyn > 0) {                  \
        mswap(ptr[yyp1], ptr[yyp2]);    \
        yyp1++; yyp2++; yyn--;          \
     }                                  \
  }
  
  static 
  __inline__
  UChar mmed3 ( UChar a, UChar b, UChar c )
  {
     UChar t;
     if (a > b) { t = a; a = b; b = t; };
     if (b > c) { 
        b = c;
        if (a > b) b = a;
     }
     return b;
  }
  
  #define mmin(a,b) ((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)
  
  #define mpush(lz,hz,dz) { stackLo[sp] = lz; \
                            stackHi[sp] = hz; \
                            stackD [sp] = dz; \
                            sp++; }
  
  #define mpop(lz,hz,dz) { sp--;             \
                           lz = stackLo[sp]; \
                           hz = stackHi[sp]; \
                           dz = stackD [sp]; }
  
  
  #define mnextsize(az) (nextHi[az]-nextLo[az])
  
  #define mnextswap(az,bz)                                        \
     { Int32 tz;                                                  \
       tz = nextLo[az]; nextLo[az] = nextLo[bz]; nextLo[bz] = tz; \
       tz = nextHi[az]; nextHi[az] = nextHi[bz]; nextHi[bz] = tz; \
       tz = nextD [az]; nextD [az] = nextD [bz]; nextD [bz] = tz; }
  
  
  #define MAIN_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH 20
  #define MAIN_QSORT_DEPTH_THRESH (BZ_N_RADIX + BZ_N_QSORT)
  #define MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE 100
  
  static
  void mainQSort3 ( UInt32* ptr,
                    UChar*  block,
                    UInt16* quadrant,
                    Int32   nblock,
                    Int32   loSt, 
                    Int32   hiSt, 
                    Int32   dSt,
                    Int32*  budget )
  {
     Int32 unLo, unHi, ltLo, gtHi, n, m, med;
     Int32 sp, lo, hi, d;
  
     Int32 stackLo[MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
     Int32 stackHi[MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
     Int32 stackD [MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
  
     Int32 nextLo[3];
     Int32 nextHi[3];
     Int32 nextD [3];
  
     sp = 0;
     mpush ( loSt, hiSt, dSt );
  
     while (sp > 0) {
  
        AssertH ( sp < MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE - 2, 1001 );
  
        mpop ( lo, hi, d );
        if (hi - lo < MAIN_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH || 
            d > MAIN_QSORT_DEPTH_THRESH) {
           mainSimpleSort ( ptr, block, quadrant, nblock, lo, hi, d, budget );
           if (*budget < 0) return;
           continue;
        }
  
        med = (Int32) 
              mmed3 ( block[ptr[ lo         ]+d],
                      block[ptr[ hi         ]+d],
                      block[ptr[ (lo+hi)>>1 ]+d] );
  
        unLo = ltLo = lo;
        unHi = gtHi = hi;
  
        while (True) {
           while (True) {
              if (unLo > unHi) break;
              n = ((Int32)block[ptr[unLo]+d]) - med;
              if (n == 0) { 
                 mswap(ptr[unLo], ptr[ltLo]); 
                 ltLo++; unLo++; continue; 
              };
              if (n >  0) break;
              unLo++;
           }
           while (True) {
              if (unLo > unHi) break;
              n = ((Int32)block[ptr[unHi]+d]) - med;
              if (n == 0) { 
                 mswap(ptr[unHi], ptr[gtHi]); 
                 gtHi--; unHi--; continue; 
              };
              if (n <  0) break;
              unHi--;
           }
           if (unLo > unHi) break;
           mswap(ptr[unLo], ptr[unHi]); unLo++; unHi--;
        }
  
        AssertD ( unHi == unLo-1, "mainQSort3(2)" );
  
        if (gtHi < ltLo) {
           mpush(lo, hi, d+1 );
           continue;
        }
  
        n = mmin(ltLo-lo, unLo-ltLo); mvswap(lo, unLo-n, n);
        m = mmin(hi-gtHi, gtHi-unHi); mvswap(unLo, hi-m+1, m);
  
        n = lo + unLo - ltLo - 1;
        m = hi - (gtHi - unHi) + 1;
  
        nextLo[0] = lo;  nextHi[0] = n;   nextD[0] = d;
        nextLo[1] = m;   nextHi[1] = hi;  nextD[1] = d;
        nextLo[2] = n+1; nextHi[2] = m-1; nextD[2] = d+1;
  
        if (mnextsize(0) < mnextsize(1)) mnextswap(0,1);
        if (mnextsize(1) < mnextsize(2)) mnextswap(1,2);
        if (mnextsize(0) < mnextsize(1)) mnextswap(0,1);
  
        AssertD (mnextsize(0) >= mnextsize(1), "mainQSort3(8)" );
        AssertD (mnextsize(1) >= mnextsize(2), "mainQSort3(9)" );
  
        mpush (nextLo[0], nextHi[0], nextD[0]);
        mpush (nextLo[1], nextHi[1], nextD[1]);
        mpush (nextLo[2], nextHi[2], nextD[2]);
     }
  }
  
  #undef mswap
  #undef mvswap
  #undef mpush
  #undef mpop
  #undef mmin
  #undef mnextsize
  #undef mnextswap
  #undef MAIN_QSORT_SMALL_THRESH
  #undef MAIN_QSORT_DEPTH_THRESH
  #undef MAIN_QSORT_STACK_SIZE
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /* Pre:
        nblock > N_OVERSHOOT
        block32 exists for [0 .. nblock-1 +N_OVERSHOOT]
        ((UChar*)block32) [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        ptr exists for [0 .. nblock-1]
  
     Post:
        ((UChar*)block32) [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        All other areas of block32 destroyed
        ftab [0 .. 65536 ] destroyed
        ptr [0 .. nblock-1] holds sorted order
        if (*budget < 0), sorting was abandoned
  */
  
  #define BIGFREQ(b) (ftab[((b)+1) << 8] - ftab[(b) << 8])
  #define SETMASK (1 << 21)
  #define CLEARMASK (~(SETMASK))
  
  static
  void mainSort ( UInt32* ptr, 
                  UChar*  block,
                  UInt16* quadrant, 
                  UInt32* ftab,
                  Int32   nblock,
                  Int32   verb,
                  Int32*  budget )
  {
     Int32  i, j, k, ss, sb;
     Int32  runningOrder[256];
     Bool   bigDone[256];
     Int32  copyStart[256];
     Int32  copyEnd  [256];
     UChar  c1;
     Int32  numQSorted;
     UInt16 s;
     if (verb >= 4) VPrintf0 ( "        main sort initialise ...\n" );
  
     /*-- set up the 2-byte frequency table --*/
     for (i = 65536; i >= 0; i--) ftab[i] = 0;
  
     j = block[0] << 8;
     i = nblock-1;
     for (; i >= 3; i -= 4) {
        quadrant[i] = 0;
        j = (j >> 8) | ( ((UInt16)block[i]) << 8);
        ftab[j]++;
        quadrant[i-1] = 0;
        j = (j >> 8) | ( ((UInt16)block[i-1]) << 8);
        ftab[j]++;
        quadrant[i-2] = 0;
        j = (j >> 8) | ( ((UInt16)block[i-2]) << 8);
        ftab[j]++;
        quadrant[i-3] = 0;
        j = (j >> 8) | ( ((UInt16)block[i-3]) << 8);
        ftab[j]++;
     }
     for (; i >= 0; i--) {
        quadrant[i] = 0;
        j = (j >> 8) | ( ((UInt16)block[i]) << 8);
        ftab[j]++;
     }
  
     /*-- (emphasises close relationship of block & quadrant) --*/
     for (i = 0; i < BZ_N_OVERSHOOT; i++) {
        block   [nblock+i] = block[i];
        quadrant[nblock+i] = 0;
     }
  
     if (verb >= 4) VPrintf0 ( "        bucket sorting ...\n" );
  
     /*-- Complete the initial radix sort --*/
     for (i = 1; i <= 65536; i++) ftab[i] += ftab[i-1];
  
     s = block[0] << 8;
     i = nblock-1;
     for (; i >= 3; i -= 4) {
        s = (s >> 8) | (block[i] << 8);
        j = ftab[s] -1;
        ftab[s] = j;
        ptr[j] = i;
        s = (s >> 8) | (block[i-1] << 8);
        j = ftab[s] -1;
        ftab[s] = j;
        ptr[j] = i-1;
        s = (s >> 8) | (block[i-2] << 8);
        j = ftab[s] -1;
        ftab[s] = j;
        ptr[j] = i-2;
        s = (s >> 8) | (block[i-3] << 8);
        j = ftab[s] -1;
        ftab[s] = j;
        ptr[j] = i-3;
     }
     for (; i >= 0; i--) {
        s = (s >> 8) | (block[i] << 8);
        j = ftab[s] -1;
        ftab[s] = j;
        ptr[j] = i;
     }
  
     /*--
        Now ftab contains the first loc of every small bucket.
        Calculate the running order, from smallest to largest
        big bucket.
     --*/
     for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
        bigDone     [i] = False;
        runningOrder[i] = i;
     }
  
     {
        Int32 vv;
        Int32 h = 1;
        do h = 3 * h + 1; while (h <= 256);
        do {
           h = h / 3;
           for (i = h; i <= 255; i++) {
              vv = runningOrder[i];
              j = i;
              while ( BIGFREQ(runningOrder[j-h]) > BIGFREQ(vv) ) {
                 runningOrder[j] = runningOrder[j-h];
                 j = j - h;
                 if (j <= (h - 1)) goto zero;
              }
              zero:
              runningOrder[j] = vv;
           }
        } while (h != 1);
     }
  
     /*--
        The main sorting loop.
     --*/
  
     numQSorted = 0;
  
     for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
  
        /*--
           Process big buckets, starting with the least full.
           Basically this is a 3-step process in which we call
           mainQSort3 to sort the small buckets [ss, j], but
           also make a big effort to avoid the calls if we can.
        --*/
        ss = runningOrder[i];
  
        /*--
           Step 1:
           Complete the big bucket [ss] by quicksorting
           any unsorted small buckets [ss, j], for j != ss.  
           Hopefully previous pointer-scanning phases have already
           completed many of the small buckets [ss, j], so
           we don't have to sort them at all.
        --*/
        for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) {
           if (j != ss) {
              sb = (ss << 8) + j;
              if ( ! (ftab[sb] & SETMASK) ) {
                 Int32 lo = ftab[sb]   & CLEARMASK;
                 Int32 hi = (ftab[sb+1] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
                 if (hi > lo) {
                    if (verb >= 4)
                       VPrintf4 ( "        qsort [0x%x, 0x%x]   "
                                  "done %d   this %d\n",
                                  ss, j, numQSorted, hi - lo + 1 );
                    mainQSort3 ( 
                       ptr, block, quadrant, nblock, 
                       lo, hi, BZ_N_RADIX, budget 
                    );   
                    numQSorted += (hi - lo + 1);
                    if (*budget < 0) return;
                 }
              }
              ftab[sb] |= SETMASK;
           }
        }
  
        AssertH ( !bigDone[ss], 1006 );
  
        /*--
           Step 2:
           Now scan this big bucket [ss] so as to synthesise the
           sorted order for small buckets [t, ss] for all t,
           including, magically, the bucket [ss,ss] too.
           This will avoid doing Real Work in subsequent Step 1's.
        --*/
        {
           for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) {
              copyStart[j] =  ftab[(j << 8) + ss]     & CLEARMASK;
              copyEnd  [j] = (ftab[(j << 8) + ss + 1] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
           }
           for (j = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK; j < copyStart[ss]; j++) {
              k = ptr[j]-1; if (k < 0) k += nblock;
              c1 = block[k];
              if (!bigDone[c1])
                 ptr[ copyStart[c1]++ ] = k;
           }
           for (j = (ftab[(ss+1) << 8] & CLEARMASK) - 1; j > copyEnd[ss]; j--) {
              k = ptr[j]-1; if (k < 0) k += nblock;
              c1 = block[k];
              if (!bigDone[c1]) 
                 ptr[ copyEnd[c1]-- ] = k;
           }
        }
  
        AssertH ( (copyStart[ss]-1 == copyEnd[ss])
                  || 
                  /* Extremely rare case missing in bzip2-1.0.0 and 1.0.1.
                     Necessity for this case is demonstrated by compressing 
                     a sequence of approximately 48.5 million of character 
                     251; 1.0.0/1.0.1 will then die here. */
                  (copyStart[ss] == 0 && copyEnd[ss] == nblock-1),
                  1007 )
  
        for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) ftab[(j << 8) + ss] |= SETMASK;
  
        /*--
           Step 3:
           The [ss] big bucket is now done.  Record this fact,
           and update the quadrant descriptors.  Remember to
           update quadrants in the overshoot area too, if
           necessary.  The "if (i < 255)" test merely skips
           this updating for the last bucket processed, since
           updating for the last bucket is pointless.
  
           The quadrant array provides a way to incrementally
           cache sort orderings, as they appear, so as to 
           make subsequent comparisons in fullGtU() complete
           faster.  For repetitive blocks this makes a big
           difference (but not big enough to be able to avoid
           the fallback sorting mechanism, exponential radix sort).
  
           The precise meaning is: at all times:
  
              for 0 <= i < nblock and 0 <= j <= nblock
  
              if block[i] != block[j], 
  
                 then the relative values of quadrant[i] and 
                      quadrant[j] are meaningless.
  
                 else {
                    if quadrant[i] < quadrant[j]
                       then the string starting at i lexicographically
                       precedes the string starting at j
  
                    else if quadrant[i] > quadrant[j]
                       then the string starting at j lexicographically
                       precedes the string starting at i
  
                    else
                       the relative ordering of the strings starting
                       at i and j has not yet been determined.
                 }
        --*/
        bigDone[ss] = True;
  
        if (i < 255) {
           Int32 bbStart  = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
           Int32 bbSize   = (ftab[(ss+1) << 8] & CLEARMASK) - bbStart;
           Int32 shifts   = 0;
  
           while ((bbSize >> shifts) > 65534) shifts++;
  
           for (j = bbSize-1; j >= 0; j--) {
              Int32 a2update     = ptr[bbStart + j];
              UInt16 qVal        = (UInt16)(j >> shifts);
              quadrant[a2update] = qVal;
              if (a2update < BZ_N_OVERSHOOT)
                 quadrant[a2update + nblock] = qVal;
           }
           AssertH ( ((bbSize-1) >> shifts) <= 65535, 1002 );
        }
  
     }
  
     if (verb >= 4)
        VPrintf3 ( "        %d pointers, %d sorted, %d scanned\n",
                   nblock, numQSorted, nblock - numQSorted );
  }
  
  #undef BIGFREQ
  #undef SETMASK
  #undef CLEARMASK
  
  
  /*---------------------------------------------*/
  /* Pre:
        nblock > 0
        arr2 exists for [0 .. nblock-1 +N_OVERSHOOT]
        ((UChar*)arr2)  [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        arr1 exists for [0 .. nblock-1]
  
     Post:
        ((UChar*)arr2) [0 .. nblock-1] holds block
        All other areas of block destroyed
        ftab [ 0 .. 65536 ] destroyed
        arr1 [0 .. nblock-1] holds sorted order
  */
  void BZ2_blockSort ( EState* s )
  {
     UInt32* ptr    = s->ptr; 
     UChar*  block  = s->block;
     UInt32* ftab   = s->ftab;
     Int32   nblock = s->nblock;
     Int32   verb   = s->verbosity;
     Int32   wfact  = s->workFactor;
     UInt16* quadrant;
     Int32   budget;
     Int32   budgetInit;
     Int32   i;
  
     if (nblock < 10000) {
        fallbackSort ( s->arr1, s->arr2, ftab, nblock, verb );
     } else {
        /* Calculate the location for quadrant, remembering to get
           the alignment right.  Assumes that &(block[0]) is at least
           2-byte aligned -- this should be ok since block is really
           the first section of arr2.
        */
        i = nblock+BZ_N_OVERSHOOT;
        if (i & 1) i++;
        quadrant = (UInt16*)(&(block[i]));
  
        /* (wfact-1) / 3 puts the default-factor-30
           transition point at very roughly the same place as 
           with v0.1 and v0.9.0.  
           Not that it particularly matters any more, since the
           resulting compressed stream is now the same regardless
           of whether or not we use the main sort or fallback sort.
        */
        if (wfact < 1  ) wfact = 1;
        if (wfact > 100) wfact = 100;
        budgetInit = nblock * ((wfact-1) / 3);
        budget = budgetInit;
  
        mainSort ( ptr, block, quadrant, ftab, nblock, verb, &budget );
        if (verb >= 3) 
           VPrintf3 ( "      %d work, %d block, ratio %5.2f\n",
                      budgetInit - budget,
                      nblock, 
                      (float)(budgetInit - budget) /
                      (float)(nblock==0 ? 1 : nblock) ); 
        if (budget < 0) {
           if (verb >= 2) 
              VPrintf0 ( "    too repetitive; using fallback"
                         " sorting algorithm\n" );
           fallbackSort ( s->arr1, s->arr2, ftab, nblock, verb );
        }
     }
  
     s->origPtr = -1;
     for (i = 0; i < s->nblock; i++)
        if (ptr[i] == 0)
           { s->origPtr = i; break; };
  
     AssertH( s->origPtr != -1, 1003 );
  }
  
  
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
  /*--- end                                       blocksort.c ---*/
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
  