Mitologi

Pertanyaan: Apa itu mitologi?

Istilah "mitologi" dapat berarti kajian tentang mitos (misalnya mitologi perbandingan), maupun sebuah himpunan atau koleksi mitos-mitos (misalnya mitologi Inka).[1] Dalam folkloristika, suatu mitos adalah kisah suci yang biasanya menjelaskan bagaimana dunia maupun manusia dapat terbentuk seperti sekarang ini,[2] meskipun, dalam pengertian yang sangat luas, istilah tersebut dapat mengacu kepada cerita tradisional.[3]
Mitologi terkait dekat dengan legenda maupun cerita rakyat. Mitologi dapat mencakup kisah penciptaan dunia sampai asal mula suatu bangsa. Tidak seperti mitologi, pada cerita rakyat, waktu dan tempat tidak spesifik dan ceritanya tidak dianggap sebagai kisah suci yang dipercaya kebenarannya. Sedangkan pada legenda, pelaku-pelakunya adalah manusia dan meskipun kejadiannya dianggap benar-benar terjadi, dapat mengandung kisah makhluk supranatural (dewa, setan, dsb.) dan kejadian luar biasa (kutukan, keajaiban, dsb.) seperti pada mitologi. Biasanya latar pada legenda adalah masa-masa pada saat manusia sudah ada dan dikaitkan dengan sejarah dan asal mula suatu tempat.
Mitologi berdasarkan wilayah
Afrika
Afrika Utara
Mitologi Berber
Mitologi Mesir Kuno
Afrika Barat
Mitologi Akan
Mitologi Ashanti (Ghana)
Mitologi Dahomey (Fon)
Mitologi Efik (Nigeria, Kamerun)
Mitologi Igbo (Nigeria, Kamerun)
Mitologi Isoko (Nigeria)
Mitologi Yoruba (Nigeria, Benin)
Afrika Tengah
Mitologi Bushongo (Kongo)
Mitologi Baluba
Mitologi Bambuti (Pigmi) (Kongo)
Mitologi Lugbara (Kongo)
Afrika Timur
Mitologi Akamba (Kenya Timur)
Mitologi Dinka (Sudan)
Mitologi Lotuko (Sudan)
Mitologi Masai (Kenya, Tanzania)
Afrika Selatan
Mitologi Khoikhoi
Mitologi Lozi (Zambia)
Mitologi Madagaskar
Mitologi Tumbuka (Malawi)
Mitologi Zulu (Afrika Selatan)
Artik
bersinggungan dengan Asia, Eropa Utara, dan Amerika Utara.
Mitologi Finlandia
Mitologi Inuit
Mitologi Nordik
Mitologi Sami
Asia
Asia Barat Daya
Timur Tengah, Persia, Anatolia, Kaukasus
Peradaban kuno
Mitologi Mesopotamia (Sumeria, Asiro-Babilonia)
Mitologi Semitik
Mitologi Babilonia
Mitologi Arab
Mitologi Kanaan
Mitologi Hittite
Mitologi Hurrian
Mitologi Scythia
abad pertengahan sampai modern
Mitologi Armenia
Mitologi Ossetia
Mitologi Arab
Mitologi Islam
Mitologi Kurdi
Mitologi Persia
Mitologi Turki
Asia Selatan
Mitologi Ayyavazhi
Mitologi Hindu
Mitologi Tamil
Asia Timur
Mitologi Buddha
Mitologi Cina
Mitologi Jepang
Mitologi Korea
Mitologi Tibet
Mitologi Ryukyu
Asia Tenggara
Mitologi Filipina
Mitologi Indonesia
Mitologi Melayu
Asia Tengah dan Utara
bersinggungan dengan Eropa Timur dan Utara
Mitologi Altai
Mitologi Scythia
Mitologi Finn
Mitologi Tibet
Australia dan Oceania
Mitologi Aborigin
Mitologi Hawaii
Mitologi Maori
Mitologi Melanesia
Mitologi Mikronesia
Mitologi Papua
Mitologi Polinesia
Mitologi Rapa Nui
Eropa
Zaman prasejarah
Mitologi Yunani
Mitologi Romawi
Mitologi Etruria
Mitologi Kelt
Mitologi Jermanik
Mitologi Paleo-Balkan
Mitologi Lusitania
Eropa Utara
Mitologi Nordik
Mitologi Finn
Mitologi Estonia
Mitologi Finlandia
Mitologi Sami
Mitologi Baltik
Mitologi Latvia
Mitologi Lithuania
Kepulauan Britania
Mitologi Inggris
Mitologi Irlandia
Mitologi Skotlandia
Mitologi Wales
Eropa Barat
Mitologi Alpin
Mitologi Basque
Mitologi Frankish
Mitologi Perancis
Mitologi Jerman
Eropa Timur
Mitologi Hungaria
Mitologi Roma (Gipsi)
Mitologi Slavia
Mitologi Romania
Mitologi Tatar
Eropa Selatan
Mitologi Albania
Mitologi Katalan
Mitologi Yunani
Mitologi Malta
Mitologi Spanyol
Amerika
Amerika Utara
Algonquia (Amerika Serikat bagian timur laut, Great Lakes)
Mitologi Abenaki
Kepercayaan tradisional Anishinaabe
Mitologi Leni Lenape
Dataran Indian
Mitologi Blackfoot
Mitologi Crow
Mitologi Lakota
Mitologi Pawnee
Muskogean (Amerika Serikat bagian selatan) dan Iraquois (Amerika Serikat bagian Timur)
Mitologi Iroquois
Mitologi Choctaw
Mitologi Creek
Mitologi Ho-Chunk
Mitologi Huron
Mitologi Seneca
Alaska dan Artik Kanada
Mitologi Haida
Mitologi Inuit
Pasifik Barat Laut
Mitologi Kwakiutl
Mitologi Nootka
Uto-Aztec (Great Basin hingga Meksiko)
Mitologi Hopi
Mitologi Miwok
Mitologi Ohlone
Mitologi Ute
Mitologi Salish
Mitologi Tsimshian
Amerika Serikat bagian barat laut
Mitologi Navaho
Mitologi Pomo
Mitologi Zuni
Amerika Tengah
Mitologi Aztek
Mitologi Maya
Mitologi Olmek
Karibia
Mitologi Haiti
Amerika Selatan
Mitologi Chilota
Mitologi Inka
Mitologi Guarani
Mitologi Mapuche
Campuran Afrika
Hoodoo
Vodou
Santería
Obeah
Kumina
Palo
Candomblé
Umbanda
Quimband
Mitologi berdasarkan agama
Mitologi Buddha
Mitologi Hindu
Mitologi Islam
Mitologi Kristen
Mitologi Yahudi
Mitologi berdasarkan waktu
Zaman Perunggu
Mitologi Proto-Indo-Eropa
Mitologi Proto-Indo-Iran
Mitologi Mesopotamia
Mitologi Mesir kuno
Mitologi Hittite
Mitologi Hurria
Mitologi Regweda
Zaman Besi
Mitologi Klasik
Mitologi Yunani
Mitologi Romawi
Mitologi Etruria
Mitologi Kelt
Mitologi Jermanik
Prasejarah Akhir
Mitologi Altai
Mitologi Slavia
Mitologi Arab
Catatan kaki

Referensi
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Bulfinch, Thomas. Bulfinch's Mythology. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004.
Campbell, Joeseph. "The Power of Myth". New York: Doubleday, 1988.
Doty, William. Myth: A Handbook. Westport: Greenwood, 2004.
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Dundes, Alan. Introduction. Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 1-3.
Dunes, Alan. "Madness in Method Plus a Plea for Projective Inversion in Myth". Myth and Method. Ed. Laurie Patton and Wendy Doniger. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
Eliade, Mircea. Myth and Reality. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
Eliade, Mircea. Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. Trans. Philip Mairet. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
"Euhemerism". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000.  Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 .
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Frazer, James. The Golden Bough. New York: Macmillan, 1922.
Graf, Fritz. Greek Mythology. Trans. Thomas Marier. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 41-52.
Kirk, G.S. Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures. Berkeley: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
Kirk, G.S. "On Defining Myths". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 53-61.
Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I". Scott A. Leonard's Home Page. August 2007., 17 November 2009
Littleton, Covington. The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
Meletinsky, Elea. The Poetics of Myth. Trans. Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky. New York: Routledge, 2000.
"myth." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. , 21 March 2009
"myths". A Dictionary of English Folklore. Jacqueline Simpson and Steve Roud. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 
Northup, Lesley. "Myth-Placed Priorities: Religion and the Study of Myth". Religious Studies Review 32.1(2006): 5-10.
O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
Pettazzoni, Raffaele. "The Truth of Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 98-109.
Segal, Robert. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
Simpson, Michael. Introduction. Apollodorus. Gods and Heroes of the Greeks. Trans. Michael Simpson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. 1-9.
Singer, Irving. "Introduction: Philosophical Dimensions of Myth and Cinema." Cinematic Mythmaking: Philosophy in Film. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press Books, 2008. 3-6. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.
Indick, William. "Classical Heroes in Modern Movies: Mythological Patterns of the Superhero." Journal of Media Psychology 9.3 (2004): 93-95. York University Libraries. Web.
Koven, Mikel J. "Folklore Studies and Popular Film and Television: a Necessary Critical Survey." Journal of American Folklore 116.460 (2003): 176-195. Print.
Olson, Eric L. "Great Expectations: the Role of Myth in 1980s Films with Child Heroes." Virginia Polytechnic Scholarly Library. Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University, 3 May 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2011.<>.
Matira, Lopamundra. "Children's Oral Literature and Modern Mass Media." Indian Folklore Research Journal 5.8 (2008): 55-57. Print.
Cormer, John. "Narrative." Critical Ideas in Television Studies. New York, United States: Charendon Press, 2007. 47-59. Print.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
Stefan Arvidsson, Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 0-226-02860-7
Roland Barthes, Mythologies (1957)
Kees W. Bolle, The Freedom of Man in Myth. Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
Richard Buxton. The Complete World of Greek Mythology. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
E. Csapo, Theories of Mythology (2005)
Edith Hamilton, Mythology (1998)
Graves, Robert. "Introduction." New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Trans. Richard Aldington and Delano Ames. London: Hamlyn, 1968. v–viii.
Joseph Campbell
The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton University Press, 1949.
Flight of the Wild Gander: Explorations in the Mythological Dimension: Select Essays 1944–1968 New World Library, 3rd ed. (2002), ISBN 978-1-57731-210-9.
The Power of Myth. Doubleday, 1988, ISBN 0-385-24773-7.
Thou Art That (book). New World Library, 2001, ISBN 1-57731-202-3
Mircea Eliade
Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return. Princeton University Press, 1954.
The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row, 1961.
Louis Herbert Gray [ed.], The Mythology of All Races, in 12 vols., 1916.
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
Mental Functions in Primitive Societies (1910)
Primitive Mentality (1922)
The Soul of the Primitive (1928)
The Supernatural and the Nature of the Primitive Mind (1931)
Primitive Mythology (1935)
The Mystic Experience and Primitive Symbolism (1938)
Charles H. Long, Alpha: The Myths of Creation. George Braziller, 1963.
O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall.
Santillana and Von Dechend (1969, 1992 re-issue). Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge And Its Transmission Through Myth, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87923-215-3.

Isabelle Loring Wallace and Jennie Hirsh, Contemporary Art and Classical Myth. Farnham: Ashgate (2011), ISBN 978-0-7546-6974-6
Walker, Steven F. and Segal, Robert A., Jung and the Jungians on Myth: An Introduction, Theorists of Myth, Routledge (1996), ISBN 978-0-8153-2259-7.
Vanda Zajko and Miriam Leonard, Lauphing with Medusa. Oxford: Oxford `University Press (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-923794-4.
Zong, In-Sob. Folk Tales from Korea. 3rd ed. Elizabeth: Hollym, 1989.
Pranala luar



The New Student's Reference Work/Mythology, ed. Beach (1914), at wikisource.
. Youngstown State University.


 Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by comparative mythology by John Fiske.
 Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, a database of ancient objects linked with mythology



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