anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the two main types of lymphoma?
Answer: Hodgkin Non- Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma involve different types of lymphocyte cells.
Question: What are the two types of stem cell transplants for lymphoma?
Answer: Two types of stem cell transplants can be done: An autologous transplant uses your own stem cells. An allogeneic transplant uses stem cells taken from a donor.
Question: What is a transthoracic echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo. It's a painless test similar to an X-ray, but without radiation. Ultrasound waves are bounced off the heart to make images and sounds that can help your doctor judge your heart's health.
Question: What is the intravascular ultrasound echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: During this procedure, the transducer is threaded into the heart's blood vessels via a catheter in the groin. It is often used to provide detailed information about blockage inside the blood vessels.
Question: What is the dobutamine or adenosine stress echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: In this one, instead of exercising to stress the heart, you're giving a drug that stimulates the heart and makes it "think" it is exercising. It's used when you can't use a treadmill or stationary bike. It shows how well your heart tolerates activity. It can also show your odds of having coronary artery disease, diagnose significant blockages in the arteries; and tell the effectiveness of your cardiac treatment plan.
Question: Why would a doctor order an echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.
Question: How should I prepare for an echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: On the day of most echoes, eat and drink as you normally would. Take all of your medications at the usual times as prescribed by your doctor.
Question: What is an echocardiogram (echo)?
Answer: During this test, high-frequency sound waves, called ultrasound, provide pictures of your heart's valves and chambers. This allows your doctor to see the pumping action of the heart. Echo is often combined with tests called Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to check the blood flow through the heart's valves. Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.
Question: What is a stress echocardiogram?
Answer: Stress: This is done while you exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. This test can show the motion of the hearts walls and the heart's pumping action when it's stressed. It can show a lack of blood flow that isn't always seen on other heart tests. The echo is performed just before and after the exercise.
Question: What is a transthoracic echocardiogram?
Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo. It's a painless test similar to an X-ray, but without radiation. Ultrasound waves are bounced off the heart to make images and sounds that can help your doctor judge your heart's health.
Question: Why do you need an echocardiogram?
Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.
Question: What is a dobutamine or adenosine stress echocardiogram?
Answer: Dobutamine or adenosine stress: This is another form of stress echo. In this one, instead of exercising to stress the heart, you're giving a drug that stimulates the heart and makes it "think" it is exercising. It's used when you can't use a treadmill or stationary bike. It shows how well your heart tolerates activity. It can also show your odds of having coronary artery disease, diagnose significant blockages in the arteries; and tell the effectiveness of your cardiac treatment plan.
Question: What happens during a stress echocardiogram?
Answer: A cardiac sonographer will place three electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on your chest. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiography monitor ( EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity. The electrodes are attached to an EKG that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. If you are getting a stress test with medication, an IV will be put into a vein in your arm so medication (such as dobutamine) can be delivered directly into your bloodstream. The technician will perform a resting EKG, measure your resting heart rate, and take your blood pressure. The doctor or nurse will put the medication into the IV while the technician continues to get echo images. The medication will cause your heart to react as if you were exercising. At regular intervals, the lab personnel will ask how you are feeling. The IV will be removed from your arm once all of the medication has entered your bloodstream. The medication may cause a warm, flushing feeling and in some cases, a mild headache. If you begin to notice these or other symptoms of concern like chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats, tell the lab personnel immediately. If the test is done on a treadmill or arm ergometer, you will perform exercise until you are fatigued, you reach your target heart rate, or you have symptoms. During activity, your blood pressure will be regularly checked. An echo will be done before and after exertion, and the images will be compared.
Question: What happens during an echocardiogram?
Answer: Echo is often combined with tests called Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to check the blood flow through the heart's valves. On the day of the echo, do not eat or drink anything except water for 4 hours before the test. The guidelines are a bit different if you have diabetes: If you take insulin to control your blood sugar , ask your doctor what amount of your medication you should take the day of the test. You'll be asked to remove your clothing from the waist up. The wand will have a small amount of gel on the end. You may or may not hear the sounds during the test. You may feel coolness from the gel on the transducer and a slight pressure of the transducer on your chest. After the test, you can get dressed and go back to your daily activities. Before your stress echo, a technician will gently rub several small areas on your chest and place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on these areas. The electrodes are attached to an EKG that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. The appointment will take about 60 minutes. Before a transesophageal echo, you will be asked to remove any dentures and lie down on your left side on the exam table.
Question: How is a hysteroscopy done as a fertility test for women?
Answer: Your doctor puts a thin, flexible tube -- with a camera on the end -- through the cervix and into the uterus. He can see problems there and take tissue samples if needed.
Question: How is a laparoscopy done as a fertility test for women?
Answer: Your doctor makes small cuts in your belly and inserts tools, including a camera. This surgery can check your entire pelvis and potentially correct problems, such as endometriosis, a disease that affects the uterus.
Question: How is a transvaginal ultrasound done as a fertility test for women?
Answer: A doctor places an ultrasound "wand" into the vagina and brings it close to the pelvic organs. Using sound waves, he'll be able to see images of the ovaries and uterus to check for problems there.
Question: What questions will your doctor ask for a fertility test?
Answer: He'll want to know things about you and your partner like: Medical history, including any long-term conditions or surgeries Medicines you take Whether you smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, eat or drink things with caffeine, or use illicit drugs If you had contact with chemicals, toxins, or radiation at home or work He'll also want to know about your sex life, such as: How often you have sex Your history of birth control use If you've had sexually transmitted diseases Any problems having sex Whether either of you had sex outside the relationship Your doctor will also have questions about things connected with your periods, such as: Have you been pregnant before? How often have you had periods over the last year? Have you had irregular and missed periods or had spotting between periods? Did you have any changes in blood flow or the appearance of large blood clots? What methods of birth control have you used? Have you ever seen a doctor for infertility, and did you get any treatment?
Question: How is hysterosalpingogram (HSG) used as a fertility test for women?
Answer: You may need tests that check for that. Before you can get pregnant, your uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries all need to work right. The X-rays are taken after your doctor injects liquid dye through the vagina. Another method uses saline and air instead of dye and an ultrasound. The HSG can help you learn if your fallopian tubes are blocked or if you have any defects of your uterus. The test is usually done just after your menstrual period. You may not need to have all these tests.
Question: What causes hepatic encephalopathy (HE)?
Answer: They build up there and cause the mental and physical symptoms of HE. You might have this done to help reroute your blood flow to treat cirrhosis or another long-term disease. There's a chance that this procedure will allow toxins to bypass your liver and move to your brain.
Question: How can weight loss help your knee osteoarthritis (OA)?
Answer: If you're overweight, you can cut your pain when you shed a few pounds. A leaner "you" can ease pressure on your joints, reduce inflammation, and help you get around more easily. Even if you don't have knee OA now, you may cut your risk of getting it if you keep your weight under control.
Question: What can you do to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?
Answer: If you're very overweight or have other health problems, talk to your doctor about other options like low-calorie diets, gastric surgery, or weight loss medications.
Question: Why do you need to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?
Answer: When you carry extra pounds you also speed up the loss of cartilage in your knees. That's the stuff that creates a cushion between your bones. If you don't have enough, your bones start to rub against each other. And that leads to irritation, pain, and swelling. When you drop a few pounds, you won't reverse your OA or create new cartilage. But it can ease your symptoms, improve how well you get around, and prevent more damage to your joints.
Question: How much weight do you need to lose when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?
Answer: The more you weigh, the greater the stress. If you shed just 1 pound, you'll take 4 pounds of pressure off of your knees. Drop 10 pounds and you'll take 40 pounds of pressure off. If you're overweight, experts suggest you aim for 10% of how much you weigh now. For instance, if you weigh 200 pounds now, try to lose 20 pounds. Aim for a loss of 1-2 pounds a week.
Question: How does weight matter when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?
Answer: A leaner "you" can ease pressure on your joints, reduce inflammation, and help you get around more easily. For every step, your knee takes on a force equal to 3-6 times your weight. Even as little as 10 extra pounds puts an additional burden on your knee of 30-60 pounds. The long-term result -- stiff, swollen, and achy joints. The more pounds you lose, the better.
Question: How can you tell if a food allergy is causing your child to throw up?
Answer: Sometimes throwing up is a sign your child is allergic to food she's eaten. Throwing up may be her only symptom, but there could also be others, like trouble breathing, hives, repetitive cough, wheezing, or trouble swallowing. Nine out of 10 allergic reactions are linked to the following foods: Peanuts Tree nuts (almonds, cashews, or walnuts, for example) Fish Shellfish (shrimp, for example) Eggs Milk Wheat Soy Very young babies who try milk, soy, certain grains, and some other solid foods for the first time are at risk for something called âfood protein-induced enterocolitis syndromeâ ( FPIES). It shows up 2 to 6 hours after they eat and makes them throw up many times. They may also have bloody diarrhea. Take your child to the doctor right away if you suspect she has FPIES.
Question: How can you tell if food poisoning is causing your child to throw up?
Answer: Anytime germs hitch a ride on food your kids eat, there's a chance they could get a food-borne illness (food poisoning). Some of the bacteria that usually hide in food are: Salmonella Listeria Campylobacter E. coli You can get food poisoning from almost any food, especially if it hasn't been cooked or stored correctly. The most common culprits are: Meat Poultry Eggs Shellfish Unwashed vegetables, like lettuce Your child might start throwing up within a couple of hours of eating contaminated food. Sometimes it can take a day or two for symptoms to show up. Usually, your child will also have nausea, watery diarrhea, and stomach pain. It's possible for food poisoning to cause fever, but it's common for it to cause throwing up with no fever, too. Symptoms can last anywhere from a couple of hours to several days.
Question: How can you tell if stress is causing your child to throw up?
Answer: It's true -- some kids throw up when they're stressed. It may be because some other health problem, such as an ear infection, is bothering them. Or your child might throw up after crying for a long time. A good way to tell if the throwing up is stress-related is if it happens only once or twice and they don't have any other symptoms like stomach pain or diarrhea.
Question: How effective are probiotics?
Answer: Also talk to your doctor before giving probiotics to your infant, especially if he's sick. They have a lot of promise, but probiotics aren't going to work for everyone. Don't stop any medical treatment you're already getting just because you're trying a probiotic. Once you start, give it a month to see if it works for you. If it doesn't, it's probably time to try something else.
Question: When should I call the doctor if my kid is having breathing problems?
Answer: Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.
Question: When should I get medical attention if my kid is having breathing problems?
Answer: Is gasping for breath Can't cry or talk because of breathing trouble Grunts when breathing Has blue lips May have a small object caught in her throat Is breathing very fast Looks very sick Breathing problems are common in young children, but in some cases they can be serious. Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.
Question: Does hepatitis B go away?
Answer: This means you can give the disease to someone else through: Unprotected sex Contact with your blood or an open sore Sharing needles or syringes Doctors don't know why, but the disease does go away in a small number of carriers. For others, it becomes what's known as chronic. That means you have an ongoing liver infection. It can lead to cirrhosis or hardening of the organ. It scars over and stops working. Some people also get liver cancer.
Question: Who should get the hepatitis B vaccine?
Answer: All newborn babies should get vaccinated. You should also get the shot if you: Come in contact with infected blood or body fluids of friends or family members Use needles to take recreational drugs Have sex with more than one person Are a health care worker Work in a day care center, school, or jail There is no cure for hepatitis B.
Question: How soon do hepatitis B symptoms show up after you catch the virus?
Answer: Light-colored poop Fever Fatigue that persists for weeks or months Stomach trouble like loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting Belly pain Symptoms may not show up until 1 to 6 months after you catch the virus. You might not feel anything. About a third of the people who have this disease don't. They only find out through a blood test.
Question: Can you pass hepatitis B to your baby if you're pregnant?
Answer: Chronic hepatitis B can lead to: Cirrhosis or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure Kidney disease Blood vessel problems If you're pregnant, you might pass the virus to your baby at birth. It's less likely to happen during your pregnancy. If your baby gets the virus and isn't treated, he could have long-term liver problems. All newborns with infected mothers should get hepatitis B immune globulin and the vaccine for hepatitis at birth and during their first year of life.
Question: What does it mean if your hepatitis B infection goes away?
Answer: If the infection goes away, the doctor will tell you you're an inactive carrier. He may prescribe some of these medications to treat it: Entecavir ( Baraclude ).
Question: How does interferon treat chronic hepatitis B?
Answer: This is the newest drug for hepatitis B. Interferon alfa ( Intron A, Roferon A, Sylatron). You take it as a shot for at least 6 months. It doesn't cure the disease. It treats liver inflammation. Long-acting interferon, peginterferon alfa2a ( Pegasys, Pegasys Proclick) can also help. This drug can make you feel bad all over or depressed, and it can and zap your appetite. It also lowers your white blood cell count, which makes it harder to fight off infection.
Question: How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
Answer: He'll test your blood to see if your liver is inflamed. Antibodies are proteins made by your immune cells. If your disease becomes chronic, your doctor might take a tissue sample from your liver, called a biopsy. This will tell him how severe your case is. He'll give you a vaccine and a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin.
Question: Are peptic ulcers slow to heal?
Answer: Your doctor can tell you if you have one and recommend treatments based on the reason behind it. Most of the time, ulcers heal quickly and don't come back once they're treated.
Question: What will your doctor check on after you get peptic ulcer treatment?
Answer: After treatment, your doctor may want to keep a close eye on you, depending on: The size of your ulcer and where it was How well the treatment worked If you had any other problems An ulcer can cause serious problems, like stomach bleeding, if it's not treated.
Question: How long does a peptic ulcer take to heal?
Answer: Your doctor can tell you if you have one and recommend treatments based on the reason behind it. Most of the time, ulcers heal quickly and don't come back once they're treated.
Question: What are complications of peptic ulcers?
Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. After treatment, your doctor may want to keep a close eye on you, depending on: The size of your ulcer and where it was How well the treatment worked If you had any other problems An ulcer can cause serious problems, like stomach bleeding, if it's not treated. An untreated ulcer also can lead to a hole in your stomach, which may need to be fixed with surgery.
Question: What are lifestyle changes that can help treat peptic ulcers?
Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If you have a peptic ulcer, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on what's causing it: The most common remedy is a combination of antibiotic drugs to kill the H. pylori bacteria and medications to get rid of acid in your stomach. Lifestyle changes can help, too. You might need to: Quit smoking.
Question: How is a peptic ulcer diagnosed?
Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If your doctor thinks you might have a peptic ulcer, he'll probably start with a physical exam and some tests: He'll feel your belly and ask if you've had things like tenderness, pain, or bloating. Your doctor may take samples of your blood, stool, or breath for these. In some cases, especially if you're older and your symptoms include things like weight loss or loss of appetite, he might use a long, flexible tube called an endoscope to look down your throat and into your stomach for signs of an ulcer. ( You'll be given medicine to make you sleepy.) An endoscope can also take a small sample of tissue from an ulcer that can be tested in a laboratory. He might ask you to drink a milky liquid called barium before he takes X-rays of your stomach. This drink coats your digestive system and makes problems like ulcers show up more clearly.
Question: How is a peptic ulcer treated?
Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If you have a peptic ulcer, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on what's causing it: The most common remedy is a combination of antibiotic drugs to kill the H. pylori bacteria and medications to get rid of acid in your stomach. These typically include proton pump inhibitors (like Aciphex or Nexium), and antibiotics. You'll take PPIs for several weeks. If your ulcer is caused by over-the-counter painkillers, you'll need to quit taking them. He also may give you a drug called a protectant, which coats ulcers to protect them from stomach acid.
Question: What is Addison's disease?
Answer: Addison's disease is a rare condition. Only one in 100,000 people has it. It can happen at any age to either men or women. People with Addison's disease can lead normal lives as long as they take their medication. President John F. Kennedy had the condition.