anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are lifestyle tips for the treatment of ADHD?
Answer: These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Organizations include Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD). Boost your child's self-esteem. Because a child with ADHD may have difficulty processing directions and other information, he or she is apt to be bombarded with corrections, leaving him with a low opinion of himself. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Now, get dressed. "), instead of general (" Get ready for school."). Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Don't let homework or screen time monopolize all of your child's time after school. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose ADHD?
Answer: The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family. A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem. An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age. A scan, called the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The most effective treatment for ADHD is thought to be a combination of medication and psychological and behavioral therapies.
Question: What other drugs are used to treat ADHD?
Answer: In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others.
Question: How is ADHD diagnosed?
Answer: There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes.
Question: How is psychological therapy used to treat ADHD?
Answer: Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety.
Question: What is the test for ADHD?
Answer: There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes. To confirm a diagnosis of ADHD or learning differences, a battery of tests may be given to assess a child's neurological and psychological status. The tests should be given by a pediatrician or mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating ADHD .
Question: What psychological therapy is recommended for ADHD?
Answer: Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety.
Question: What skill evaluations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis?
Answer: An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age.
Question: Is stimulant medication for ADHD effective?
Answer: Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration.
Question: How often do stimulant medications need to be taken?
Answer: The newest formulations allow children to take the medicine only once a day.
Question: What are the non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?
Answer: Atomoxetine ( Strattera ) and clonidine ( Catapres and Kapvay) are two non-stimulant drugs for ADHD. Another drug similar to clonidine, approved for children aged 6 to 17, is guanfacine ( Intuniv), which uses the same active ingredient as guanfacine hydrochloride ( Tenex), ablood pressuremedicine that has been used as an ADHD treatment.
Question: Do non-stimulant medications for ADHD have side effects?
Answer: Of course, these drugs have their own side effects and risks, and your doctor will want to watch for problems. In 2005, the FDA issued a public health advisory about rare reports of suicidal thinking in children and adolescents taking Strattera.
Question: What are the common side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD?
Answer: Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety .
Question: What are some lifestyle tips I can use to improve my child's life with ADHD?
Answer: These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization.
Question: Are any medications other than stimulants and non-stimulants used to treat ADHD?
Answer: Non-stimulants. In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others.
Question: What is the best kind of treatment for ADHD?
Answer: Close cooperation among therapists, doctors, teachers, and parents is very important, and team meetings help. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.
Question: How are stimulants used to treat ADHD?
Answer: Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects. Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety . However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.
Question: What are the treatments for ADHD?
Answer: Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.
Question: Can tamoxifen or birth control pills cause endometrial cancer?
Answer: Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer. But women who have taken birth control pills are only half as likely to have endometrial cancer after menopause.
Question: Am I at risk for endometrial cancer?
Answer: More than 95% of endometrial cancer happens in women over 40. Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer.
Question: Do high-fat diets cause endometrial cancer?
Answer: High-fat diets, especially containing red meat, can increase the risk of cancer, including endometrial and colon cancer.
Question: What is endometrial cancer?
Answer: Most cancers of the uterus are endometrial cancer. If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far.
Question: Can endometrial cancer be prevented?
Answer: Most endometrial cancer cannot be prevented. But there are certain things a woman can do to lower her risk. Taking birth control lowers the risk, but first talk with a doctor about possible pros and cons. Being healthy, eating well, and watching your weight may help lower the risk.
Question: Can endometrial cancer spread?
Answer: If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far.
Question: Do ovarian tumors lead to endometrial cancer?
Answer: Rare ovarian tumors can make estrogen and increase a woman's chance of having endometrial cancer.
Question: How do I pay for weight loss surgery?
Answer: Contact your insurance company to ask what it covers and what it requires. Many insurance companies want to know what you've done to try to lose weight before surgery. Paying for weight loss surgery yourself is very expensive. A typical weight loss operation can run from $15,000 to $25,000 on average. There may be financing options; check the terms carefully so you know what you're getting into.
Question: What can you expect when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?
Answer: When you take narcotic drugs, you also run the risk of developing a tolerance to the drugs. That means you need more and more of the drugs in order to get the same effect. You also run the risk of becoming dependent or even addicted. In addition, narcotic drugs can cause side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating.
Question: What should you keep in mind when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?
Answer: They include: buprenorphine transdermal patch ( Butrans) fentanyl transdermal patch ( Duragesic) hydrocodone ( Hysingla, Zohydro) hydromorphone ( Dilaudid, Exalgo) methadone ( Dolophine, Methadose) morphine ( Arymo, Kadian, MS Contin, Morphabond) oxycodone ( Oxaydo, Oxy Contin, Xtampza, Xartemis) Oxymorphone ( Opana) Roxy Bond Tapentadol ( Nucynta) Tramadol ( Conzip) Troxyca ER Vantrela ER If you're taking a narcotic for arthritis pain, keep in mind that alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen or Tylenol don't mix. The combination can greatly increase your risk of severe liver damage.
Question: How do narcotics relieve arthritis pain?
Answer: Narcotic drugs work on pain receptors in the brain to relieve pain. If you have pain that isn't relieved by a narcotic drug or NSAID alone, speak to your doctor about combining the two. In some cases, an NSAID/narcotic combination may relieve pain better than either alone.
Question: What is pulmonary hypertension?
Answer: Pulmonary hypertension: High blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries.
Question: What is coronary artery bypass graft?
Answer: Coronary artery bypass graft: If your coronary artery disease results from heart failure, a doctor can take arteries or veins (called grafts) from other parts of your body to reroute blood flow around blocked heart arteries.
Question: What is carotid artery disease?
Answer: Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke.
Question: What is atherosclerosis
Answer: Atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"): Plaque builds up inside your arteries and can lead to coronary artery disease and other problems.
Question: What is commissurotomy?
Answer: Commissurotomy: A surgical procedure that helps open blocked or defective heart valves.
Question: What is the definition of carotid artery disease?
Answer: Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke.
Question: What is the definition of atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA)?
Answer: Atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA): A procedure used to clean out clogged arteries. The doctor inserts a catheter with a balloon on one end into a narrowed artery. The balloon is inflated to unclog the artery. A blade inside the catheter rotates to shave off any plaque. The shavings are caught inside the catheter and removed.
Question: What is a myocardial biopsy?
Answer: Myocardial biopsy (cardiac biopsy): When your doctor cuts out a tiny piece of heart muscle tissue for analysis.
Question: What is congestive heart failure?
Answer: Congestive heart failure ( CHF or heart failure): A chronic condition in which your heart muscle weakens and can't pump enough blood through your body.
Question: What is valvuloplasty
Answer: Valvuloplasty: This procedure improves valve function by reshaping the heart valve.
Question: What is angina?
Answer: Angina (also called angina pectoris): Discomfort or pressure, usually in the chest. It's a temporary feeling that happens when your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood. You may also feel pain in your neck, jaw, or arms.
Question: What is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator?
Answer: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( ICD): An implant that monitors your heart rate and rhythm. When it finds a very fast, abnormal rhythm, it gives the heart muscle an electrical shock so it can beat in a normal rhythm again.
Question: What is a heart-lung bypass machine?
Answer: Heart-lung bypass machine: It puts oxygen into your blood and helps it move through your body during open-heart surgery.
Question: What is cardioversion
Answer: Cardioversion: A procedure used to return an irregular heart rhythm to normal through an electric shock or drugs. It can be used in emergencies.
Question: What is a pacemaker?
Answer: Pacemaker: A small electronic device implanted under your skin. It sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle to regulate your heart rhythm.
Question: What is cardiac arrest?
Answer: Cardiac arrest: When your heart's electrical system malfunctions and it stops beating. It's not the same thing as a heart attack.
Question: What is a stroke?
Answer: Stroke: A sudden loss of brain function caused by less blood flow to part of your brain. Causes include blood clots in the brain and bleeding into the brain.
Question: What is a stent?
Answer: Stent: A small tube your doctor puts in during an angioplasty to keep the coronary artery open for blood flow. Permanent stents are made of metal mesh, while others are designed to dissolve.
Question: What is an aneurysm?
Answer: Aneurysm: A sac formed by a bulging blood vessel wall or heart tissue. If it gets too large, it can rupture. The bleeding can be life-threatening. Large aneurysms should be treated.
Question: What is the definition of aneurysm?
Answer: Aneurysm: A sac formed by a bulging blood vessel wall or heart tissue. If it gets too large, it can rupture. The bleeding can be life-threatening. Large aneurysms should be treated.
Question: What is the definition of angina or angina pectoris?
Answer: Angina (also called angina pectoris): Discomfort or pressure, usually in the chest. It's a temporary feeling that happens when your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood. You may also feel pain in your neck, jaw, or arms.
Question: What is the definition of ischemia?
Answer: Ischemia: When you don't get enough oxygen-rich blood to an organ to keep it healthy. When it happens to your heart, it can cause chest pain.
Question: What is the definition of mitral stenosis?
Answer: Mitral stenosis: When your mitral valve narrows and prevents the easy flow of blood.
Question: What is the definition of cardioversion?
Answer: Cardioversion: A procedure used to return an irregular heart rhythm to normal through an electric shock or drugs. It can be used in emergencies.
Question: What is the definition of vasodilator?
Answer: Vasodilator: A type of drug that relaxes and dilates blood vessels, allowing more blood flow.
Question: What is the definition of aortic valve replacement?
Answer: Aortic valve replacement: A diseased aortic valve can become either too narrow or leaky. In those cases, the doctor will replace it.
Question: What is the definition of myocarditis?
Answer: Myocarditis: Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle).
Question: What is the definition of inotropic medication?
Answer: Inotropic medication: A drug used to strengthen your heart's contractions and improve blood circulation.
Question: What is the definition of immunosuppressants?
Answer: Immunosuppressants: Drugs that keep your body's immune system from rejecting a transplanted organ, like a heart.
Question: What is the definition of angioplasty or balloon angioplasty?
Answer: Angioplasty/balloon angioplasty: A blocked artery treatment. The doctor places a special balloon catheter where the artery narrows, then inflates it to help increase blood flow to your heart. He'll probably place a device called a stent in there to help keep the artery open.
Question: What is the definition of heart block?
Answer: Heart block: When your heart can't beat the way it should because electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are out of whack. Severe cases may require a pacemaker.
Question: What is the definition of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors?
Answer: Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors ( ARNIs): Drugs used to treat heart failure. They ease the strain on the heart muscle.
Question: What is the definition of defibrillator?
Answer: Defibrillator: A machine that gives your heart an electric shock to re-establish a normal heart rhythm. It's used in cardiac arrest.
Question: What is the definition of valvuloplasty?
Answer: Valvuloplasty: This procedure improves valve function by reshaping the heart valve.
Question: What is the definition of myocardial biopsy?
Answer: Myocardial biopsy (cardiac biopsy): When your doctor cuts out a tiny piece of heart muscle tissue for analysis.
Question: What is ischemia?
Answer: Ischemia: When you don't get enough oxygen-rich blood to an organ to keep it healthy. When it happens to your heart, it can cause chest pain.
Question: What is a beta-blocker?
Answer: Beta-blocker: A drug that slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and controls angina. It protects you from future heart attacks if you've already had one.
Question: What is a heart block?
Answer: Heart block: When your heart can't beat the way it should because electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are out of whack. Severe cases may require a pacemaker.
Question: What is cardiac ablation?
Answer: Ablation: Removing or destroying tissue. Cardiac ablation can treat atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heart rhythm that sometimes leads to heart failure.
Question: What is minimally invasive heart surgery?
Answer: Minimally invasive heart surgery: In this technique, your doctor makes small cuts on the side of your chest, rather than in the middle. It leaves your breastbone intact, so you may heal and recover quicker.
Question: What is ventricular fibrillation?
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation: An erratic, disorganized firing of impulses from the ventricles, so they're unable to contract or pump blood to the body. This is a medical emergency that must be treated with CPR and defibrillation.
Question: What is a mechanical valve?
Answer: Mechanical valve: It replaces a diseased heart valve. If you get one, you'll take blood thinners to prevent blood clots.
Question: What is a heart attack?
Answer: Heart attack (myocardial infarction): Permanent damage to your heart muscle. It happens when a blocked artery leads to a lack of blood supply.
Question: What is transient ischemic attack?
Answer: Transient ischemic attack ( TIA): A stroke-like event that can last minutes or hours. It happens when your brain can't get oxygen-rich blood. The effects wear off, usually with no permanent damage, after blood flow resumes. It can be a warning sign of stroke.
Question: What is atrial fibrillation
Answer: Atrial fibrillation ( AF or AFib): An irregular heart rhythm. The upper chambers (atria) of the heart quiver and don't empty into the lower chambers (ventricles) completely.
Question: What is a multigated acquisition scan?
Answer: Multigated acquisition scan ( MUGA scan): A test used to tell how well your heart pumps.
Question: What is ventricular tachycardia?
Answer: Ventricular tachycardia: A rapid, life-threatening rhythm that starts in the heart's lower chambers. It prevents your heart from filling with blood, and less blood is able to pump through the body.
Question: What is an intra-aortic balloon pump assist device?
Answer: Intra-aortic balloon pump assist device ( IABP): A device that helps your heart pump. Your doctor inserts a balloon through an artery at the top of your leg, and it goes into your chest. It inflates and deflates to help your heart move blood in and out.
Question: What is the definition of heart attack (myocardial infarction)?
Answer: Heart attack (myocardial infarction): Permanent damage to your heart muscle. It happens when a blocked artery leads to a lack of blood supply.
Question: What is the definition of ablation?
Answer: Ablation: Removing or destroying tissue.
Question: What is the definition of a pacemaker?
Answer: Pacemaker: A small electronic device implanted under your skin. It sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle to regulate your heart rhythm.
Question: What is the definition of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
Answer: ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): If you can't provide oxygen for your own blood or enough blood circulation, you can be put on life support known as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The doctor withdraws blood from a large vein in and passes through a device that puts oxygen into it and takes carbon dioxide out before it goes back into your body.