anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What laxatives can you use for constipation?
Answer: Laxatives come in several forms: Bulk-forming fiber supplements include Citrucel, Fiber Con, and Metamucil. Unlike other laxatives, you can take these every day. Although they are safe to use regularly, fiber supplements can interfere with your body's ability to absorb certain medicines, and they may cause bloating, cramps, and gas. Drink a lot of water with them. Lubricant laxatives, including Zymenol, help the stool pass more easily through the colon. Osmotic laxatives such as lactulose, Miralax, Milk of Magnesia, and Sorbitol help fluids move through your intestines. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor before taking osmotics because they can cause electrolyte imbalances. Stimulant laxatives such as Dulcolax and Senokot make the muscles in your intestines contract to help push stool out. These laxatives work quickly, but they can cause side effects, including cramping and diarrhea, so use them for as short a period of time as possible. Stool softeners such as Colace and Surfak make stools easier to pass by adding fluid to them. Having softer stool can prevent you from having to strain during bowel movements. Your doctor may recommend one of these products if your constipation is due to childbirth or surgery. Plecanitide ( Trulance) changes stool consistency by increasing the amount of water into the GI lumen and increases gastrointestinal movement.
Question: How common is constipation?
Answer: Women are the most frequent constipation sufferers. This may have to do with the slower movement of food through a woman's intestines, as well as with the effects of female hormones on the GI tract. Drink a lot of water with them.
Question: How is constipation defined?
Answer: Some women naturally have a bowel movement a few times a day, while others go just a few times a week. You don't need constipation treatments unless you're going to the bathroom a lot less often than usual. Call your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms with constipation: Stomach pain Blood in your stools Unexplained weight loss Inability to have a bowel movement Also, call if you've been having trouble going for more than three weeks and constipation treatments aren't working.
Question: Why do people get dialysis if kidney transplants are better?
Answer: Many people go on dialysis because they need to. They have no other choice while they're on a waiting list for a donor kidney. And for them, dialysis is a lifesaver.
Question: What are the advantages of kidney transplant?
Answer: Not only do people who get transplants usually live longer, they also tend to have: Better quality of life. They don't spend hours each week getting dialysis, and they're more likely to go back to work. Fewer limits on their diet Fewer long-term health problems from the transplant than people have with dialysis More energy Also, dialysis can take a toll on the body. It can cause problems ranging from anemia, where you have fewer red blood cells, to heart disease.
Question: Who may not be a good candidate for a kidney transplant?
Answer: People at almost any age, from children to older adults, can get a kidney transplant, but not everyone is healthy enough for one. If your loved one has any of these conditions, they're not likely to get a transplant: Active or recently treated cancer Illness that might limit their life to just a few more years Infection that can't be treated or keeps coming back Serious health condition -- like severe heart disease -- that means they're not healthy enough for surgery Very overweight The following problems could also prevent a transplant: Dementia Drug or alcohol abuse Hard time remembering to take medicine Mental health problems that aren't easily managed Even if your loved one is older or has a health condition like diabetes, your doctor can help you understand if a transplant is a safe option.
Question: What are the side effects of the medicines you take after a kidney transplant?
Answer: Like any medicine, the drugs used to prevent transplant rejections can have side effects. They generally work by making your immune system less active, which makes you more likely to get infections and can raise the odds of getting cancer. Other side effects may include acne, bone disease, and high blood pressure.
Question: What are the risks from kidney transplant?
Answer: The main ones are: Kidney rejection. There's a chance that the body will reject the donated kidney. Your loved one will take medicine for the rest of their life to prevent this from happening, and newer drugs greatly lower the odds of it. Side effects from medicine. They generally work by making your immune system less active, which makes you more likely to get infections and can raise the odds of getting cancer. Other side effects may include acne, bone disease, and high blood pressure. Any surgery, including a kidney transplant, has risks, such as bleeding and infection.
Question: What are the pros and cons of kidney transplant and dialysis as treatment for chronic kidney disease?
Answer: The kidneys are so important because they remove waste from the body. So when they stop working as well, waste and fluids build up. They can get a transplant to receive a healthy kidney from a donor. The reason is simple: People who get transplants generally live longer than those who get dialysis. Fewer limits on their diet Fewer long-term health problems from the transplant than people have with dialysis More energy Also, dialysis can take a toll on the body. Mainly because there are many more people in need of kidneys than there are donors.
Question: What factors might disqualify you as a kidney transplant recipient?
Answer: The reason is simple: People who get transplants generally live longer than those who get dialysis. If your loved one has any of these conditions, they're not likely to get a transplant: Active or recently treated cancer Illness that might limit their life to just a few more years Infection that can't be treated or keeps coming back Serious health condition -- like severe heart disease -- that means they're not healthy enough for surgery Very overweight The following problems could also prevent a transplant: Dementia Drug or alcohol abuse Hard time remembering to take medicine Mental health problems that aren't easily managed Even if your loved one is older or has a health condition like diabetes, your doctor can help you understand if a transplant is a safe option.
Question: What are two main options for someone with chronic kidney disease?
Answer: If you have a loved one with chronic kidney disease, it's no different. They can get a transplant to receive a healthy kidney from a donor. Or they can start dialysis, a treatment where blood gets filtered either by a machine or in the belly with the help of a special tube. You might think that a transplant is more of a last resort, the thing to do when you've run out of options. But that's hardly the case. For most people, doctors prefer transplant over dialysis.
Question: Can antibiotics fight a cold?
Answer: Here's the plain truth: Colds are caused by viruses, and no antibiotic in the world can fight one. They only treat an infection that's brought on by another small living thing -- bacteria.
Question: Why do antibiotics get less effective the more you take them?
Answer: When people take antibiotics when they don't have to, over time, the medicine becomes less effective. The reason has to do with the bacteria themselves. These new strains are "resistant" to some types of antibiotics. If you get an infection with one of these bacteria, your doctor may need to try several types of drugs until he finds one that works. You could get a lot sicker while you wait for the one that can treat you.
Question: Why do people take saffron?
Answer: More research is needed. Saffron may also help with depression. Several small studies showed that it seemed to work as well as a common antidepressant in helping symptoms. Larger studies need to be done to see if this would be a safe and effective treatment.
Question: What are side effects of saffron?
Answer: Using saffron supplements in the short-term seems safe for most people. They may cause side effects like anxiety, appetite changes, upset stomach, sleepiness, and headache. Using saffron in high doses or for long periods of time may be risky. Some people are also allergic to saffron.
Question: How much saffron should I take?
Answer: Ideal doses for saffron have not been set for any condition, although studies have been done using 30 mg of the extract a day, or 15-200 milligrams of dried saffron daily. Ingredients in supplements may vary widely. This makes it very hard to set a standard dose.
Question: What are the risks of saffron?
Answer: Saffron may also help with depression. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA in the same way that food and drugs are.
Question: Do any medicines have interactions with saffron?
Answer: It's been used as a traditional treatment for thousands of years. Check with your doctor before using it if you are taking medication.
Question: What can I expect at my first appointment with a rheumatologist?
Answer: Your first visit will be part conversation, part examination. Your appointment may take an hour or more, but it will be well worth the time. Because RA is a long-term disease, you'll see this doctor often.
Question: Should I do family research before I go see a rheumatologist for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: What kinds of problems run in your family? Find out what you can about the health of your grandparents, parents, and any brothers and sisters.
Question: Should I tell my rheumatologist about my previous conditions and medications?
Answer: Your rheumatologist will need to know about every medication you're taking: All your prescriptions for RA and other health problems Include over-the-counter medicines like , rub-on creams, and other pain relievers Vitamins, herbs, and supplements You can write up a list or toss all the bottles in a bag and take them with you. Ask your other doctors for copies of your records and any test results or X-rays, and take them with you, too.
Question: Should I create a timeline of my rheumatoid arthritis before I see a rheumatologist?
Answer: Describe your symptoms and how they've changed over time.
Question: How can you prepare for your rheumatologist?
Answer: Rheumatologists are like detectives looking for clues to relieve your pain and treat your condition. To give your new doctor a head start: Create a timeline. Go back as far as you can remember. Describe your symptoms and how they've changed over time. Do some family research. What kinds of problems run in your family? Find out what you can about the health of your grandparents, parents, and any brothers and sisters. List your meds. Your rheumatologist will need to know about every medication you're taking: All your prescriptions for RA and other health problems Include over-the-counter medicines like , rub-on creams, and other pain relievers Vitamins, herbs, and supplements You can write up a list or toss all the bottles in a bag and take them with you. Ask your other doctors for copies of your records and any test results or X-rays, and take them with you, too.
Question: What can be part of your treatment plan for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Physical therapy or occupational therapy : Your doctor may suggest you meet with one or both of these health professionals. Physical therapists can teach you exercises to help you move your joints and make them stronger. Occupational therapists can show you how to ease the strain on your joints during daily activities. Lifestyle changes: Exercise and weight control will be part of your treatment plan. You need to move your joints to keep them from getting stiff and to strengthen the muscles around them. If you're overweight, shedding extra pounds can take stress off joints and lessen pain.
Question: What questions should you ask your rheumatologist?
Answer: One of the first questions the doctor will ask is, " What brings you here?" How often do you have symptoms? I don't like to take medicine. What are my other options? Will I have to take RA drugs for the rest of my life? Where can I find resources to help me learn more about living with the disease? How can I find a support group? By the end of this first visit, your new rheumatologist will know a lot about you and your RA.
Question: What questions will your rheumatologist ask?
Answer: Then, get ready to answer a lot of questions, like: What are your symptoms? How often do you have symptoms? What makes you feel worse? ( Lack of activity, not enough sleep, stress, eating a certain kind of food?) What activities cause pain? Where on your body is the pain? How bad is the pain? Which words best describe your pain? ( Dull, sharp, stabbing, throbbing, burning, aching, cramping, radiating?) How does the pain make you feel? Are there symptoms other than joint, muscle, or bone pain that seem to be linked? ( Rashes, itching, dry mouth or eyes, fevers, infections?) Some questions may not seem to be about rheumatoid arthritis, but your doctor has a good reason for asking them. Tell him if you want to know why or if you feel uncomfortable. I don't like to take medicine.
Question: What causes aplastic anemia?
Answer: Acquired causes include: Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Chemicals such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene Infections including hepatitis, Epstein- Barr virus, and HIV Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer Inherited conditions such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, and Diamond- Blackfan anemia, can damage cells and also cause aplastic anemia.
Question: What are the symptoms of Fanconi anemia?
Answer: Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML.
Question: What is Fanconi anemia?
Answer: Fanconi anemia makes your blood marrow produce too few blood cells. It's hereditary, meaning it's passed down from one of your parents through a gene mutation.
Question: What are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?
Answer: Symptoms of aplastic anemia can include everything from shortness of breath and dizziness to headaches, pale skin, chest pain, fast heart rate (tachycardia), and cold hands and feet.
Question: What causes myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
Answer: Some people are born with a gene that causes MDS. These genes are usually passed down from one or both parents. If you have certain inherited syndromes, including Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, Diamond Blackfan anemia, familial platelet disorder, and severe congenital neutropenia, you could be more likely to develop MDS. A small number of people also get MDS after radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Another risk is exposure to chemicals like benzene, which is found in tobacco smoke.
Question: What is megaloblastic anemia?
Answer: With this type of anemia, your bone marrow produces abnormally structured red blood cells that are too large and too young. Because they're not mature or healthy, they can't carry oxygen throughout your body very well.
Question: What are the complications of Fanconi anemia?
Answer: Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML. Your odds of getting cancers of the head, neck, skin, GI tract, or genitals also go up.
Question: How is congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) treated?
Answer: Some people never need treatment. But depending on the severity of the disease, your doctor might recommend a blood transfusion, a stem cell transplant, or with medicines to lower iron levels or interferon alfa-2 A, a drug typically used for treating leukemia and melanoma.
Question: How is Diamond-Blackfan anemia treated?
Answer: Symptoms of Diamond- Blackfan anemia include: Fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Fatigue Heart murmur Pale skin Short height Weak bones Treatments include everything from steroids that can help produce more red blood cells to red blood cell transfusions and bone marrow transplants.
Question: What are the symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Answer: Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, fast heartbeat (tachycardia), trouble breathing, chills, backache, and yellow skin (jaundice).
Question: How is autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated?
Answer: Treating the disease that caused the anemia can also stop your red blood cell damage. If you have an autoimmune disease, your doctor might treat you with steroid drugs to calm your immune system, which can help the anemia.
Question: How does aplastic anemia affect you?
Answer: Blood cells are made from stem cells in your bone marrow. When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. You're either born with aplastic anemia, meaning you inherited a gene from your parents that caused it, or you develop it (acquired). Acquired aplastic anemia is the more common of the two, and sometimes it's only temporary.
Question: How is megaloblastic anemia treated?
Answer: But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing. You'll also need treatment for any disease -- such as Crohn's -- that caused your body to lack these vitamins.
Question: What are the symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia?
Answer: Symptoms of Diamond- Blackfan anemia include: Fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Fatigue Heart murmur Pale skin Short height Weak bones Treatments include everything from steroids that can help produce more red blood cells to red blood cell transfusions and bone marrow transplants.
Question: What are the symptoms of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
Answer: Some people don't have symptoms with MDS, but others do, including: Bruising or bleeding Infection Fever Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Weight loss Oncologists (cancer doctors) and hematologists (blood doctors) treat MDS with chemotherapy, hematopoietic growth factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplants.
Question: What causes megaloblastic anemia?
Answer: But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing. You'll also need treatment for any disease -- such as Crohn's -- that caused your body to lack these vitamins.
Question: What are the symptoms of sideroblastic anemia?
Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause.
Question: How are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated?
Answer: Some people don't have symptoms with MDS, but others do, including: Bruising or bleeding Infection Fever Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Weight loss Oncologists (cancer doctors) and hematologists (blood doctors) treat MDS with chemotherapy, hematopoietic growth factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplants.
Question: How is sideroblastic anemia treated?
Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause. If you have acquired anemia, you'll need to avoid the chemical or drug that caused it. Other treatments include vitamin B6 therapy and bone marrow or stem cell transplants.
Question: How is Fanconi anemia treated?
Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause. Treatments include hormone therapy and growth factors to boost blood cell growth. If symptoms become severe, your doctor might recommend a bone marrow stem cell transplant. Oftentimes a bone marrow transplant can cure the problems altogether.
Question: What causes sideroblastic anemia?
Answer: Think of your red blood cells as the transport system that carries oxygen to your body's tissues. The iron buildup causes the formation of abnormal red blood cells called sideroblasts. There are two main types of sideroblastic anemia: Acquired sideroblastic anemia can be caused by exposure to certain chemicals or drugs. Hereditary sideroblastic anemia happens when a gene mutation disrupts normal hemoglobin production. This gene produces âheme,â the part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen.
Question: What is congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA)?
Answer: In this group of blood disorders, your body can't use iron to make hemoglobin -- the protein that carries oxygen in your blood. All CDAs are passed down through families. There are three types of CDA, types 1, 2, and 3. Type 2 is the most common and type 3 is the rarest. Symptoms include chronic anemia, fatigue, yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), pale skin, and missing fingers and toes at birth.
Question: What are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
Answer: When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. MDS is a type of cancer.
Question: What are the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia?
Answer: Some people are born with a gene that causes MDS. But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing.
Question: What causes autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Answer: When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. Acquired causes include: Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Chemicals such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene Infections including hepatitis, Epstein- Barr virus, and HIV Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer Inherited conditions such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, and Diamond- Blackfan anemia, can damage cells and also cause aplastic anemia. Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML.
Question: How is an ankle fracture diagnosed?
Answer: What your doctor recommends depends on the type of break you have and how severe it is. He'll look at X-rays or other scans to figure out the best approach.
Question: What is expressive aphasia (non-fluent) versus receptive aphasia (fluent)?
Answer: Common types of aphasia include the following: Expressive aphasia (non-fluent): With expressive aphasia, the person knows what he or she wants to say, yet has difficulty communicating it to others.
Question: What is primary progressive aphasia?
Answer: Primary progressive aphasia is a rare disorder where people slowly lose their ability to talk, read, write, and comprehend what they hear in conversation over a period of time. With a stroke, aphasia may improve with proper therapy. There is no treatment to reverse primary progressive aphasia. People with primary progressive aphasia are able to communicate in ways other than speech.
Question: What is anomic aphasia?
Answer: Because of the difficulties, the person struggles to find the right words for speaking and writing.