anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the medical treatment for eye allergies?
Answer: Some eye drops work only when you take them before your symptoms hit. They take longer to work than antihistamine eye drops, but the effects last longer. Sometimes they are combined with antihistamines. These eye drops need a prescription: cromolyn ( Crolom) lodoxamide ( Alomide) nedocromil sodium ( Alocril ) pemirolast potassium ( Alamast) Ketorolac ( Acular or Acuvail0 is another kind of eye drop. It relieves itchy eyes, usually in about an hour. It can sting or burn at first. Steroid eye drops like loteprednol ( Alrex and Lotemax) treat severe, long-lasting eye allergies. They are usually used only for a short time because they can cause serious side effects.
Question: How can you reduce symptoms of eye allergies?
Answer: Wear sunglasses when you go outside. They'll block some of the pollen and other outdoor allergens from getting into your eyes. Rinse your eyes with preservative-free saline water or apply a cold, wet washcloth. Use lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to moisten dry eyes and wash out allergens. Take out your contact lenses. Don't rub your eyes, no matter how much they itch. It will only make the irritation worse.
Question: How do you treat eye allergies?
Answer: Some of the same medicines you use for nasal allergies work for eye allergies. For quick relief, over-the-counter eye drops and pills can help.
Question: How do antihistamine pills and eye drops used to treat eye allergies?
Answer: They include cetirizine ( Zyrtec), diphenhydramine ( Benadryl), fexofenadine ( Allegra), or loratadine ( Alavert, Claritin), among others. Some may cause drowsiness. Antihistamine eye drops work well for itchy, watery eyes. You may need to use them several times a day, but don't use the over-the-counter kinds for more than 2-3 days. Prescription kinds include azelastine hydrochloride ( Optivar), emedastine difumarate ( Emadine), levocabastine ( Livostin), and olopatadine ( Patanol). They are often combined with other kinds of drops, including some that shrink swollen blood vessels in your eye. You shouldn't use these kinds of drops, called decongestant or âget the red outâ drops, for more than a few days at a time. They can also lead to a rebound redness if used too frequently. Don't use them at all if you have glaucoma.
Question: When should you call your doctor about eye allergies?
Answer: If you're still having symptoms, your doctor may suggest allergy shots.
Question: What triggers eye allergies?
Answer: Eye allergies are also known as "allergic conjunctivitis." Just like any other allergic reaction, they are caused by a misfiring of the immune system, the body's natural defense mechanism.
Question: What can you be allergic to if you have eye allergies?
Answer: You can be allergic to: Pollen from grasses, weeds, and trees. These are the most common kinds of eye allergies and are called seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Dust, pet dander, and other indoor allergens. These eye allergies last year-round and are called chronic (perennial) conjunctivitis. Makeup, perfume, or other chemicals can trigger eye allergies called contact conjunctivitis. An allergy to contact lenses, called giant papillary conjunctivitis, can cause bumps on the inside of your eyelid, making your eyes sensitive and red both with and without wearing your contact lenses.
Question: When do you need shots for eye allergies?
Answer: If you're still having symptoms, your doctor may suggest allergy shots. With allergy shots, your body is exposed to increasing amounts of an allergen over time and gradually gets used to it. Depending on the cause of your allergies, oral tablets or drops that work much like allergy shots could be used instead.
Question: What happens when you have eye allergies?
Answer: The usual suspects -- pollen, dust mites, pet dander, feathers, and other indoor or outdoor allergens -- can set off eye allergy symptoms. It releases histamine, a chemical that causes swelling and inflammation. The blood vessels in your eyes swell and your eyes get red, teary, and itchy.
Question: What do you need to know about eye allergies?
Answer: But your nose isn't the only part of your body that gets hit during an allergy attack. You can also have red, swollen, and itchy eyes. The usual suspects -- pollen, dust mites, pet dander, feathers, and other indoor or outdoor allergens -- can set off eye allergy symptoms. To treat them, find out what triggers them and stay ahead of the symptoms. Eye drops and other medications can bring relief. When you have allergies, your body reacts to things that aren't really harmful, like pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
Question: What drugs can cause lactic acidosis?
Answer: Some medical conditions can also bring on lactic acidosis, including: Cancer Seizures Liver failure Vitamin B deficiency Sepsis (a whole-body inflammation caused by severe infection) Shock Some drugs, including metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, and all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI) drugs used to treat HIV/ AIDS can cause lactic acidosis. If you are on any of these medications and have any symptoms of lactic acidosis, get medical help immediately.
Question: What are the symptoms of lactic acidosis?
Answer: The symptoms may include a burning feeling in your muscles, cramps, nausea, weakness, and feeling exhausted. It's your body's way to tell you to stop what you're doing The symptoms happen in the moment. The soreness you sometimes feel in your muscles a day or two after an intense workout isn't from lactic acidosis. It's your muscles recovering from the workout you gave them.
Question: How can intense exercise cause lactic acidosis?
Answer: When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to break down glucose for energy. During intense exercise, there may not be enough oxygen available to complete the process, so a substance called lactate is made. Your body can convert this lactate to energy without using oxygen. But this lactate or lactic acid can build up in your bloodstream faster than you can burn it off. The point when lactic acid starts to build up is called the "lactate threshold."
Question: How can you prevent lactic acidosis?
Answer: Don't go from being a couch potato to trying to run a marathon in a week. Start with an aerobic exercise like running or fast walking. You can build up your pace and distance slowly. Increase the amount of exercise each week so your body builds up a tolerance. This will increase your "lactate threshold," making it less likely you'll get lactic acidosis. Make sure you drink lots of water. It helps get rid of any excess acid. Eat a balanced diet which includes lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. Get plenty of sleep at night and give yourself time to recover between bouts of exercise. How long that is depends on how you feel. If your lactic acidosis is caused by a disease or medication, talk to your doctor. You may be able to make changes that will help you avoid the problem. And talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
Question: What medical conditions can cause lactic acidosis?
Answer: Some medical conditions can also bring on lactic acidosis, including: Cancer Seizures Liver failure Vitamin B deficiency Sepsis (a whole-body inflammation caused by severe infection) Shock Some drugs, including metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, and all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI) drugs used to treat HIV/ AIDS can cause lactic acidosis.
Question: What do doctors typically recommend for people with nasal allergies?
Answer: Nasal steroid sprays are available over the counter or by prescription. They are one of the first treatments recommended for nasal allergies. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24 HR, and Rhinocort are available over the counter. Examples of prescription steroid nasal sprays include Beconase, Dymista, Nasarel, Nasonex, Qnasl, Vancenase, Veramyst, and Zetonna. How steroid nasal sprays work: These drugs decrease inflammation within the nasal passages, thereby relieving nasal symptoms.
Question: How do you use steroid nasal sprays and what are the side effects?
Answer: Use: Gently shake the container. Blow the nose to clear the nostrils. Close (pinch) one nostril, and insert nasal applicator into the other nostril. Press the applicator to release the spray. Side effects: These sprays may cause nasal irritation, nosebleed or sore throat.
Question: What are the treatments for stage IV prostate cancer?
Answer: In this stage, you should consider the following treatments: Hormone therapy, which is often combined with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy Surgery to relieve symptoms such as bleeding or urinary obstruction and to remove cancerous lymph nodes External radiation with or without hormone therapy Chemotherapy, if standard treatments don't relieve symptoms and the cancer continues to grow. The drugs will shrink cancer cells and slow their growth. Bisphosphonate drugs, which can help slow the growth of cancer in the bone and help prevent fractures The vaccine sipuleucel- T ( Provenge), which boosts your immune system so it will attack the cancer cells. This might be used when hormone therapy doesn't work. Palliative care, which offers you relief from symptoms like pain and trouble peeing Clinical trials are testing new treatments. They can give you state-of-the-art cancer treatments or newer ones that aren't available yet. Ask your doctor if a clinical trial might be right for you.
Question: What is stage I prostate cancer?
Answer: The cancer is small, and it hasn't grown outside your prostate. Slow-growing cancers might never cause symptoms or other health problems. In this stage, your PSA levels and Gleason scores are low, and that's good. When they're higher, your cancer is more aggressive. It's also more likely to come back and require more intensive treatment.
Question: What is stage II prostate cancer?
Answer: The cancer is much larger, but it hasn't spread outside your prostate. Your PSA levels and Gleason scores are also higher. Surgery or radiation is often needed to keep it from spreading.
Question: What is stage III prostate cancer?
Answer: Radical prostatectomy The cancer has spread beyond your prostate, but it hasn't reached your bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, or nearby organs.
Question: How does a radical prostatectomy treat prostate cancer?
Answer: This is a surgery to remove your prostate and some of the surrounding tissue.
Question: How does active surveillance treat prostate cancer?
Answer: Your doctor tracks your PSA levels. If those levels rise, it might mean your cancer is growing or spreading. Your doctor can then change your treatment. He might also do tests like rectal exams and ultrasounds.
Question: How does watchful waiting treat prostate cancer?
Answer: This involves fewer tests than active surveillance. Your doctor keeps a close watch on your symptoms. If you're an older man, or you have other serious health problems, your doctor might opt for this method.
Question: How do PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels determine the stage of prostate cancer?
Answer: Your doctor tracks your PSA levels. If those levels rise, it might mean your cancer is growing or spreading. Your doctor can then change your treatment.
Question: What is stage IV prostate cancer?
Answer: This happens when your cancer has spread to the bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, organs, or bones. Cases of stage IV are rarely cured. Still, treatments can extend your life and ease your pain.
Question: What are the treatments for stage III prostate cancer?
Answer: With stage III, you should consider the following treatments: External radiation plus hormone therapy External radiation plus brachytherapy and possible hormone therapy Radical prostatectomy, often combined with removal of your pelvic lymph nodes. Your doctor might recommend radiation after surgery.
Question: What should someone do if their prostate cancer comes back?
Answer: Together, you and your doctor will decide on the best treatment. If the cancer is contained in your prostate, surgery or a second attempt at radiation is suggested. If you've had a radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy is a good option. If you had radiation, radical prostatectomy might be the best approach. Cryosurgery might also be an option. If the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, hormone therapy might be the most effective treatment. External or IV radiation therapy or bisphosphonate drugs can relieve your bone pain.
Question: What is the staging of prostate cancer based on?
Answer: Stage is based on: The size of your tumor How far it has spread The chances of it coming back Matching the right treatment with your stage isn't always cut and dry. Your doctor can then change your treatment.
Question: What  questions can I ask if my child is diagnosed with hemophilia B?
Answer: You might want to ask your doctor: Is this a severe case? Have you treated someone with this condition before? What treatment do you recommend? How often will we need to come to the doctor's office? How long is too long to bleed from a small cut? What do we need to look out for? Are some symptoms more serious than others? Are there over-the-counter medicines we should or shouldn't use? How do we keep safe? Do we need to limit activities? Do we need to make teachers and care providers aware? How do we connect with other families who have kids with hemophilia? What are the chances our other children will have hemophilia? What about our grandchildren?
Question: What are signs of bleeding in the brain caused by hemophilia B?
Answer: With this disease, even a small bump to the head can be serious. If it happens, get emergency medical help for any of these signs of bleeding in the brain: Headache Neck pain and stiffness Vomiting Sleepiness Sudden weakness or problems walking In the first 6 months of life, babies don't fall or get hurt often, so an early diagnosis is rare.
Question: What  blood tests are used to diagnose hemophilia?
Answer: To get the diagnosis, doctors will test your child's blood to find out how long it takes to clot and to see if it's missing any clotting factors. This often includes: Complete blood count ( CBC). It gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in your blood. Prothrombin time ( PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time ( PTT). Both test how long it takes blood to clot. Factor VIII and factor IX tests. These measure levels of those clotting factors.
Question: What is hemophilia B?
Answer: The bleeding can happen both on the surface or inside his body. It can be serious. With the right treatment, though, and by avoiding certain risks, your child can have an active life. People with hemophilia don't have enough of a protein that helps blood clot. There are two main types of the condition: A and B. Your child's type depends on which protein, or clotting factor, he lacks. There are 13 of these clotting factors in our blood. With hemophilia B, you don't have enough factor IX. More than half the people with it have a severe case; they have almost no factor IX in their blood. Does he have any other medical concerns? If your child has severe hemophilia, he may need regular treatments to prevent bleeding.
Question: When is hemophilia B often diagnosed?
Answer: The two main symptoms are bleeding for longer than normal, and bruising easily. If it happens, get emergency medical help for any of these signs of bleeding in the brain: Headache Neck pain and stiffness Vomiting Sleepiness Sudden weakness or problems walking In the first 6 months of life, babies don't fall or get hurt often, so an early diagnosis is rare. You may start noticing issues once your baby becomes more active. As he begins to crawl, he may get bumps and raised bruises. There may be bleeding in the joints. Bruising and long-lasting bleeding from even small injuries may cause a doctor to suspect hemophilia.
Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about changing doctors?
Answer: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. Give him a copy of the summary you've been taking to appointments, and make sure you transfer all of your medical records.
Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up tests?
Answer: What types of screenings you have and how often you get them will depend on the type and stage of cancer you had and the treatments you got. You'll likely need check-ups three to four times a year during the first two or three years after treatment and one or two times a year after that. These might include: A physical exam.
Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should my primary care doctor know?
Answer: Your oncologist will usually start out as your main contact. He'll be the one to give you a schedule for screenings and tests. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point. If that happens, be sure to give your doctor a summary of your cancer treatment that includes: Your follow-up plan from your oncologist Names and doses of all your chemotherapy drugs or other medicines The dates and specifics of your diagnosis (including cancer stage and other details) Any side effects or complications of treatment Types and dates of all surgeries and locations where they were done Dates and amounts of radiation and where it was done Contact info for all of your doctors You also should keep a copy of this summary.
Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. When are times to call my doctor?
Answer: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are drugs and other treatments to ease these symptoms and keep you feeling as good as possible. Don't wait until a regularly scheduled follow-up appointment if you're having any of these issues -- call your doctor right away: Abdominal pain, weight loss, or blood in your stool Fatigue that gets in the way of your daily life Problems with your bowel movements, bladder, or sexual function Mental changes, like difficulty concentrating, anxiety, depression, or memory loss Trouble sleeping Changes in your family medical history, like relatives who've recently been diagnosed with cancer
Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up care?
Answer: That means regular check-ups with your oncologist and primary care doctor to help you maintain the progress you've made. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point.
Question: What will determine if surgery is necessary before performing a radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate. Men younger than age 75 with limited prostate cancer who are expected to live at least 10 more years tend to get the most benefit from radical prostatectomy. Before performing radical prostatectomy, doctors first try to establish that the prostate cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. The statistical risk of spread can be determined from tables comparing the results of a biopsy and PSA levels.
Question: What is a robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy?
Answer: Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy Small incisions are made in the belly, as in regular laparoscopic prostatectomy. A surgeon controls an advanced robotic system of surgical tools from outside the body. A high-tech interface lets the surgeon use natural wrist movements and a 3- D screen during radical prostatectomy.
Question: What happens during radical prostatectomy?
Answer: During radical prostatectomy, the removed prostate is examined under a microscope to see if prostate cancer has reached the edge of the prostate. If so, the prostate cancer has probably spread. In these cases, further treatments may be needed.
Question: Who should undergo a radical prostatectomy?
Answer: They include: Urinary incontinence: More than 95% of men younger than age 50 are continent after radical prostatectomy.
Question: What happens before performing a radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Before performing radical prostatectomy, doctors first try to establish that the prostate cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. The statistical risk of spread can be determined from tables comparing the results of a biopsy and PSA levels. Further testing for spread, if needed, can include CT scans, bone scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound.
Question: What are the complications for a radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Still, complications from inadvertent nerve damage do occur after radical prostatectomy. They include: Urinary incontinence: More than 95% of men younger than age 50 are continent after radical prostatectomy. Around 85% of men aged 70 or older maintain continence after the operation. Erectile dysfunction ( ED): Problems with erections are common after prostatectomy. Still, most men are able to have sex after prostatectomy while using medicines for ED (such as Viagra or Cialis), an external pump, or injectable medications. The younger the man, the higher the chance of maintaining potency after prostatectomy. A period of penile rehabilitation is often necessary. Much of the skill involved in radical prostatectomy centers on sparing these nerves during the operation.
Question: What is the difference between open radical prostatectomy versus a minimally invasive radical prostatectomy?
Answer: In 2009, researchers in Boston reported on a study that compared outcomes, benefits, and complications of open surgery vs. minimally invasive surgery: No difference was found in deaths or in the need for additional cancer therapy between the two approaches. The median hospital stay was two days for minimally invasive surgery and three days for open surgery. 2.7% of men having laparoscopic surgery required a blood transfusion compared with 20.8% of men having open surgery. There was more anastomotic stricture -- narrowing of the suture where internal body parts are rejoined -- for open surgery (14%) than for minimally invasive surgery (5.8%). There were fewer respiratory complications with minimally invasive surgery (4.3%) than with open surgery (6.6%). There were lower rates of incontinence and erectile dysfunction with open surgery. The overall rate was 4.7% for laparoscopic surgery and 2.1% for open surgery.
Question: What is a laparoscopic prostatectomy?
Answer: Laparoscopic prostatectomy In laparoscopic prostatectomy, surgeons make several small incisions across the belly. Surgical tools and a camera are inserted through the incisions, and radical prostatectomy is performed from outside the body. The surgeon views the entire operation on a video screen.
Question: What are the risks for radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Radical prostatectomy has a low risk of serious complications. Death or serious disability caused by radical prostatectomy is extremely rare.
Question: What are some other complications of radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Other complications of radical prostatectomy include: Bleeding after the operation Urinary leaks Blood clots Infection Poor wound healing Groin hernia Narrowing of the urethra, blocking urine flow Less than 10% of men experience complications after prostatectomy, and these are usually treatable or short-term.
Question: What is the goal of radical prostatectomy?
Answer: Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate. However, prostate cancer cure is only possible from prostatectomy if prostate cancer is limited to the prostate.
Question: What should someone expect after radical prostatectomy?
Answer: The median hospital stay was two days for minimally invasive surgery and three days for open surgery. A urinary catheter is inserted during the surgery, and some men may need to wear the catheter home for a few days to a few weeks. Another catheter inserted through the skin also may need to stay in place for a few days after returning home. Pain after radical prostatectomy can generally be controlled with prescription pain medicines. It can take weeks or months for urinary and sexual function to return to their maximum levels. After radical prostatectomy, regular follow-up is essential to make sure prostate cancer does not return.