anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does menopause affect irritable bowel syndrome?
Answer: IBS worsens as hormone levels fall. But it's unclear how this affects IBS. In some women IBS improves after menopause, when these hormonal changes stop. On the other hand, more than a third of menopausal women in one recent study reported IBS-type symptoms, like gas and heartburn. Experts say that more research is needed on the topic.
Question: How do you identify asthma triggers?
Answer: Your doctor may also do blood testing or ask you to use a device called a peak flow meter. It measures how much air you exhale and how quickly it comes out. It can alert you to changes in your breathing and the onset of asthma symptoms.
Question: Can allergies trigger asthma?
Answer: Eighty percent of people with asthma have allergies to things in the air, like tree, grass, and weed pollens, mold, animal dander, dust mites, and cockroach droppings. In one study, children with high levels of cockroach poop in their homes were four times more likely to have childhood asthma than children with low levels.
Question: Can heartburn trigger asthma?
Answer: Up to 89% of people with asthma also have severe heartburn (you might hear your doctor call it gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD). If the acids reach your throat or airways the irritation and inflammation they cause could trigger an asthma attack. Certain clues that suggest reflux as the cause of asthma include the onset of asthma in adulthood, no family history of asthma, no history of allergies or bronchitis, difficult-to-control asthma, or coughing while lying down. Stress and asthma are often seen together.
Question: Can infections trigger asthma?
Answer: Cold, flu, bronchitis, and sinus can cause an asthma attack. You may be more likely to have an attack for up to two months after an upper respiratory infection.
Question: What causes asthma?
Answer: The causes can vary from person to person. No one knows for sure. Allergies play a role for many people as do genetics. Strong emotions. It can alert you to changes in your breathing and the onset of asthma symptoms.
Question: When should you see a doctor about a yeast infection?
Answer: See a doctor to be sure it's not a more serious problem that needs a different treatment, such as a urinary tract infection or STI. You're pregnant. Any medications, including over-the-counter vaginal creams, need to be approved by your doctor during pregnancy. You often get yeast infections. If you have four or more yeast infections in a year, doctors call it ârecurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.â If you have it, you'll need treatment for up to 6 months with an antifungal medication. Frequent yeast infections can also be a sign that you have diabetes or another medical condition. If you're concerned about your symptoms or they're different from past yeast infections you've had, you may want to see your doctor for your own peace of mind. Because symptoms are uncomfortable, some women will ask for a prescription-strength vaginal cream to ease the itching and burning more quickly than an over-the-counter product would. Some things you can do to prevent yeast infections may also treat a yeast infection once you have it.
Question: What should you know about treating a yeast infection?
Answer: Just know the three situations in which you should see a doctor, and then you can get started. If you're sure you have a yeast infection based on a past episode, you could try an over-the-counter medication to treat your symptoms.
Question: What are some self-care tips for a yeast infection?
Answer: Eating yogurt with live cultures of lactobacillus acidophilus -- a natural, "friendly" bacteria -- may head off a yeast infection. Taking supplements with lactobacillus acidophilus may also help prevent them. Nonprescription treatments. If you're sure you have a yeast infection based on a past episode, you could try an over-the-counter medication to treat your symptoms.
Question: Does radon gas cause lung cancer?
Answer: Radon gas Radon gas is a natural, chemically inert gas that is a natural decay product of uranium. It decays to form products that emit a type of ionizing radiation. Radon gas is a known cause of lung cancer, with an estimated 12% of lung cancer deaths attributable to radon gas, or 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer-related deaths annually in the U. S. As with asbestos exposure, concomitant smoking greatly increases the risk of lung cancer with radon exposure. Radon gas can travel up through soil and enter homes through gaps in the foundation, pipes, drains, or other openings. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that one out of every 15 homes in the U. S. contains dangerous levels of radon gas. Radon gas is invisible and odorless, but can be detected with simple test kits.
Question: How can smoking affect your risk of getting lung cancer?
Answer: Smoking The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack-year smoking history. While the risk of lung cancer is increased with even a 10 pack-year smoking history, those with 30 pack-year histories or more are considered to have the greatest risk for the development of lung cancer. Among those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer. But even though the risk is higher the more you smoke, there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke.
Question: Does cigarette smoking cause lung cancer?
Answer: Smoking The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack-year smoking history. While the risk of lung cancer is increased with even a 10 pack-year smoking history, those with 30 pack-year histories or more are considered to have the greatest risk for the development of lung cancer. Among those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer. But even though the risk is higher the more you smoke, there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke.
Question: Does pipe and cigar smoking cause lung cancer?
Answer: Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarettes. While someone who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a risk for the development of lung cancer that is 25 times higher than a nonsmoker, pipe and cigar smokers have a risk of lung cancer that is about five times that of a nonsmoker.
Question: How can pipe and cigar smoking affect your risk of getting lung cancer?
Answer: Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarettes. While someone who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a risk for the development of lung cancer that is 25 times higher than a nonsmoker, pipe and cigar smokers have a risk of lung cancer that is about five times that of a nonsmoker.
Question: Do survivors of lung cancer have a greater risk of developing lung cancer?
Answer: Prior history of lung cancer Survivors of lung cancer have a greater risk than the general population of developing a second lung cancer. Survivors of non-small cell lung cancers have an added risk of 1%-2% per year for developing a second lung cancer. In survivors of small cell lung cancers, the risk for development of second cancers approaches 6% per year.
Question: Is there a familial predisposition to lung cancer?
Answer: Familial predisposition While the majority of lung cancers are associated with tobacco smoking, the fact that not all smokers eventually develop lung cancer suggests that other factors, such as individual genetic susceptibility, may play a role in the causation of lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer is more likely to occur in both smoking and nonsmoking relatives of those who have had lung cancer than in the general population.
Question: How can tobacco smoke affect your risk of getting lung cancer?
Answer: Tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemical compounds, many of which have been shown to be cancer-causing, or carcinogenic. The two primary carcinogens in tobacco smoke are chemicals known as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The risk of developing lung cancer decreases each year following smoking cessation as normal cells grow and replace damaged cells in the lung. In former smokers, the risk of developing lung cancer begins to approach that of a nonsmoker about 15 years after cessation of smoking.
Question: How can passive smoking affect your risk for lung cancer?
Answer: Passive smoking Passive smoking, or the inhalation of secondhand tobacco smoke from other smokers sharing living or working quarters, is also an established risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Research has shown that nonsmokers who reside with a smoker have a 24% increase in risk for developing lung cancer when compared with other nonsmokers. An estimated 7,300 lung cancer deaths occur each year in the U. S. that are attributable to passive smoking.
Question: How can familial predisposition affect your risk for lung cancer?
Answer: Familial predisposition While the majority of lung cancers are associated with tobacco smoking, the fact that not all smokers eventually develop lung cancer suggests that other factors, such as individual genetic susceptibility, may play a role in the causation of lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer is more likely to occur in both smoking and nonsmoking relatives of those who have had lung cancer than in the general population.
Question: How can asbestos fibers affect your risk for lung cancer?
Answer: Asbestos fibers Asbestos fibers are silicate fibers that can persist for a lifetime in lung tissue following exposure to asbestos. The workplace is a common source of exposure to asbestos fibers, as asbestos was widely used in the past for both thermal and acoustic insulation materials. Today, asbestos use is limited or banned in many countries including the Unites States. Both lung cancer and mesothelioma (a type of cancer of the pleura or of the lining of the abdominal cavity called the peritoneum) are associated with exposure to asbestos. Cigarette smoking drastically increases the chance of developing an asbestos-related lung cancer in exposed workers. Asbestos workers who do not smoke have a fivefold greater risk of developing lung cancer than non-smokers, and those asbestos workers who smoke have a risk that is 50 to 90 times greater than non-smokers.
Question: Does lung disease cause lung cancer?
Answer: Lung disease The presence of certain diseases of the lung, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), is associated with a slightly increased risk (four to six times the risk of a nonsmoker) for the development of lung cancer even after the effects of concomitant cigarette smoking are excluded.
Question: What should you do to diet for losing weight?
Answer: For your diet: Eat more fruits and vegetables. Get good protein and plenty of fiber. Limit salt, sugar, and fat. Be careful with your portions. Talk to your doctor about how many calories you should consume to lose weight. For women it's generally up to 1,500 calories a day; for men it's up to 1,800. You'll need to cut your calories by 500 to 1,000 calories a day to lose that 1-2 pounds per week.
Question: What is body mass index (BMI) and how do you calculate it?
Answer: The first is called body mass index ( BMI). To figure out your BMI, just use this math formula: Multiply your weight in pounds by 703 and divide it by your height (in inches) squared. So, for example, if you weigh 185 pounds and are 5-foot-5 (65 inches), then your BMI works out this way: 185 x 703 = 130,055 65 x 65 = 4,225 130,005 Ã· 4,225 = 30.78 (round up to 30.8) Obesity in adults is defined as having a BMI of 30.0 or above. The other ranges are: Overweight = 25.0 to 29.9 Normal weight = 18.5 to 24.9 Underweight = under 18.5 BMI is a common tool to give you some idea of where you are.
Question: How much exercise should you get to maintain a healthy weight?
Answer: For movement: Aim for at least 2.5 hours of aerobic exercise (like brisk walking) every week. You'll likely need even more than that to lose weight. Do some muscle strengthening at least twice a week. Add ordinary movement to that, as well, to burn calories throughout the day. ( Park far from entrances. Take walks around the neighborhood. Get up from your desk and move regularly).
Question: What are the most important things I can do to lose weight in a healthy way?
Answer: So there are two things you must change to lose weight in a healthy and lasting way: Eat right. Americans love fast food, sodas and processed foods. They add up. Move more. Our lifestyles can be short on exercise, playing, or just moving enough to burn the fuel we take in.
Question: Can measuring my waist help me know if I am a healthy weight?
Answer: The country's obesity problem is well known: 1 in 3 of us is obese, and the rate is rising. But it doesn't measure body fat. But in general, here are the guidelines for men and women: A man's waist should be no more than 40 inches If you're a woman who isn't pregnant, it should be no more than 35 inches.
Question: How common is obesity?
Answer: Talk to your doctor about how many calories you should consume to lose weight. Healthy living is a way of life, and the benefits are worth it.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by epididymitis?
Answer: Epididymitis: This is swelling in the tube where sperm is stored -- the epididymis. Most often, an infection causes the problem. Signs and symptoms can include: Pain on one side of the scrotum that comes on slowly. Pain while peeing Fever Milky discharge from your penis Orchitis: It's swelling in one or both testicles.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by kidney infection?
Answer: Kidney infection: This usually happens when an infection travels from your bladder and enters one or both of your kidneys. Symptoms may include groin pain, frequent urination, and blood or pus in your pee. The bacterium called E. coli is often to blame. Kidney infections are treated with antibiotics.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by prostatitis?
Answer: Prostatitis: This is swelling or infection in your prostate gland. In addition to pain, you may have a hard time peeing.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by kidney stones?
Answer: Kidney stones: These are small crystals that form in your kidney and can get stuck in tubes leading to your bladder. The pain can be severe. It's usually in your back or belly but can be felt in your scrotum or at the tip of your penis.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by testicular torsion?
Answer: Testicular torsion: This happens when a testicle gets twisted inside your scrotum. It may feel like you got kicked in the crotch. It's a medical emergency. The twisting (torsion) cuts off the blood supply to your testicle. If it's not surgically untwisted within a few hours, your testicle can die. It happens most often in teen boys.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by testicular cancer?
Answer: Testicular cancer: Most of the time, this cancer causes a painless lump in or on your testicle. But sometimes, it's painful.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by hip problems?
Answer: Hip problems: Sometimes, hip pain from arthritis or another problem can radiate to your groin. It usually builds slowly and may feel worse when you're driving or sitting in a low chair. Usually, physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications are tried first to treat the problem. You may need an operation if these don't work.
Question: When should you call the doctor about pain around your groin?
Answer: The groin pain is very bad or it doesn't get better in a few days There's swelling or a lump around or in your testicle Pain in your side moves into your groin and testicle There's blood in your urine Go to the emergency room if you have sudden or intense pain; the pain radiates to you back, abdomen, or chest; or you have pain along with fever, chills, and nausea.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by orchitis?
Answer: Pain while peeing Fever Milky discharge from your penis Orchitis: It's swelling in one or both testicles. The same infection that's behind epididymitis may cause this problem. The two conditions can happen at the same time. Sometimes, the mumps virus triggers orchitis. It can cause fertility problems. If bacteria is the cause of either condition, an antibiotic can clear it up.
Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by an inguinal hernia?
Answer: Common ones include: Inguinal hernia: This happens when fat or a loop of your intestine pushes through a weak spot in the muscles of your lower abdomen (belly). You may see a bulge in your groin or scrotum. One quarter of all men will develop this problem sometime during their lifetime. If the intestine or fat gets stuck in the abdominal muscle wall, its blood supply may get cut off. That's called a strangulated hernia. Symptoms can include: Redness or sudden pain near the bulge You can't poop or pass gas Nausea, vomiting, fever Get urgent care if you have any of these symptoms. A strangulated hernia is a life-threatening emergency. The hernia can be fixed with surgery. The groin pain is very bad or it doesn't get better in a few days There's swelling or a lump around or in your testicle Pain in your side moves into your groin and testicle There's blood in your urine Go to the emergency room if you have sudden or intense pain; the pain radiates to you back, abdomen, or chest; or you have pain along with fever, chills, and nausea.
Question: Why does my groin hurt?
Answer: The pain may happen right away or build over time. Continuing the sport or activity may make the injury worse. Rest, anti-inflammatory medications (aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen), rehabilitation, and strengthening exercises can often treat the problem successfully. One quarter of all men will develop this problem sometime during their lifetime. The groin pain is very bad or it doesn't get better in a few days There's swelling or a lump around or in your testicle Pain in your side moves into your groin and testicle There's blood in your urine Go to the emergency room if you have sudden or intense pain; the pain radiates to you back, abdomen, or chest; or you have pain along with fever, chills, and nausea.
Question: What makes up the spine, or backbone?
Answer: The spine, or backbone, is made up of a column of 33 bones and tissue extending from the skull to the pelvis. These bones, or vertebrae, enclose and protect a cylinder of nerve tissues known as the spinal cord. Between each one of the vertebra is an intervertebral disk, or band of cartilage serving as a shock absorber between the vertebrae.
Question: What causes back pain?
Answer: Some causes of back pain include accidents, muscle strains, and sports injuries.
Question: What are the types of vertebrae in the backbone?
Answer: The types of vertebrae are: Cervical vertebrae: the seven vertebrae forming the upper part of the spine Thoracic vertebrae: the 12 bones between the neck and the lower back Lumbar vertebrae: the five largest and strongest vertebrae located in the lower back between the chest and hips The sacrum and coccyx are the bones at the base of the spine. The sacrum is made up of five vertebrae fused together, while the coccyx (tailbone) is formed from four fused vertebrae.
Question: How is back pain diagnosed?
Answer: In addition to performing a complete history and physical exam for your back pain, your doctor may suggest one of the following diagnostic studies: X-rays, which can be used to provide detail of the bone structures in the spine and to check for instability (such as spondylolisthesis, see below), tumors, and fractures CT scans, which can identify specific conditions, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis MRI scans, which can provide details about the backs' discs and nerve roots. MRI scans are most commonly used for pre-surgical planning A number of other imaging and electrical studies may also be used to identify back problems, and some injections are used for diagnostic purposes as well as for pain relief.
Question: What are the symptoms of spondylolisthesis?
Answer: Symptoms of spondylolithesis may include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Muscle weakness Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy.
Question: What are the causes of cervical radiculopathy?
Answer: In cervical radiculopathy, damage can occur as a result of pressure from material from a ruptured disc, degenerative changes in bones, arthritis, or other injuries that put pressure on the nerve roots. In older people, normal degenerative changes in the discs can cause pressure on nerve roots. In younger people, cervical radiculopathy tends to be the result of a ruptured disc. This disc material then compresses the nerve root, causing pain.
Question: What are the treatments for cervical radiculopathy?
Answer: Cervical radiculopathy may be treated with a combination of pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), or nonsteroidal pain medication such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), ketoprofen ( Frotek), naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn), and physical therapy. Steroids may be prescribed either orally or injected epidurally (into the epidural space that surrounds the spinal cord). Physical therapy might include gentle cervical traction and mobilization, exercises, and other modalities to reduce pain. If significant compression on the nerve exists to the extent that motor weakness results, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure.
Question: What are the two types of back injury?
Answer: Some causes of back pain include accidents, muscle strains, and sports injuries. Two main types of back injury include: Spondylolisthesis: This is a slipping of vertebra that occurs, in most cases, at the base of the spine.
Question: What are the causes of spondylolisthesis?
Answer: MRI scans are most commonly used for pre-surgical planning A number of other imaging and electrical studies may also be used to identify back problems, and some injections are used for diagnostic purposes as well as for pain relief. A vertebra might be defective from the time a person is born, or a vertebra may be broken by trauma or a stress fracture. In addition, vertebrae can be broken down by infection or disease.
Question: What are the symptoms of cervical radiculopathy?
Answer: Cervical Radiculopathy: Cervical radiculopathy is the damage or disturbance of nerve function that results if one of the nerve roots near the cervical vertebrae is compressed. Symptoms of spondylolithesis may include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Muscle weakness Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy.