anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: When should someone call the doctor after a positive urine test?
Answer: A urine test for ketones should always be negative. Report a positive result to your doctor immediately. You should also let her know right away if your blood sugar remains high or if you have stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, sweet-smelling breath, or if you're peeing a lot. The doctor may tell you to: Drink plenty of water and fluids to lower the amounts of ketones and stay hydrated. Continue to check your blood sugar. If it's high, you may need to give yourself a small amount of rapid-acting insulin. Go to the local emergency room so you can get intravenous fluids and insulin.
Question: When should I test for ketones if I have type 1 diabetes?
Answer: If you have type 1 diabetes, you may need to check your urine for ketones if: You feel sick (have a cold, the flu, or other illness) and have nausea or vomiting. You're pregnant. Your blood sugar level is over 300 mg/d L. You have symptoms of high blood sugar including extreme thirst or tiredness, a flushed or foggy feeling, or your breath smells fruity. The doctor tells you to.
Question: When should someone with type 2 diabetes check their urine for ketones?
Answer: If you have type 2 diabetes, there isn't much chance you'll have too many ketones, even if you're taking insulin. But it could happen during a severe illness. Your doctor may tell you to check your urine when: You have a cold, the flu, or other illness or have unexplained nausea or vomiting. Your blood sugar level is over 300 mg/d L and continues to rise throughout the day.
Question: How do doctors test for ketone levels in urine tests?
Answer: Your doctor can check for ketone levels, or you can do it at home with an over-the-counter kit. You simply dip a test strip into your urine. It will change color, and you'll compare it to a chart to see what your reading means.
Question: What tests other than blood tests do people with diabetes use?
Answer: Two simple ones that check your urine can help you and your doctor watch for kidney disease and severe high blood sugar. Keep detailed records of any urine or ketone tests you perform.
Question: What is the final word on the Flat Belly Diet?
Answer: The Final Word If you're not ready for a huge change in your diet, look elsewhere for weight loss. The extreme cut in calories in this diet is more likely to leave you discouraged instead of thinner. If you think you have it in you, go for it. Just have a plan in place for sticking with a more moderate weight loss plan in the long run.
Question: What is the promise in the Flat Belly Diet?
Answer: That's the promise of the Flat Belly Diet. Now for the fine print: The kind of fat matters. The plan focuses on monounsaturated fats, which you get from olive oil, nuts, and other plant foods. To do that and lose fat (not water weight), you'd have to cut about 1,600 calories out of your diet every day!
Question: What are risks of taking citicoline?
Answer: That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications. Side effects. Citicoline is usually well-tolerated but may cause nausea and diarrhea. Risks. Children, and women who are pregnant or breast feeding, should avoid using citicoline. We do not know if citicoline is safe for these groups. Interactions. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using any supplements.
Question: Why do people take citicoline?
Answer: Some research backs up these uses. Studies have found that citicoline supplements may help improve memory in older people.
Question: What food is a good source of citicoline?
Answer: Foods are not a good source of citicoline.
Question: What is the best dosage for citicoline?
Answer: The best doses of citicoline have not been set for any condition. Quality and ingredients in supplements may vary widely. This makes it hard to set a standard dose. Some studies have used doses of 1000 mg to 2000 mg a day. Ask your health care provider for advice.
Question: What are the symptoms of trochanteric bursitis?
Answer: Other causes of trochanteric bursitis include: muscle tears hip injuries hip surgery complications poor posture diseases such as gout (a form of arthritis with sudden, sharp attacks of pain, often at the base of the big toe) You'll first notice trochanteric bursitis when you feel pain at the outside of your hip. At first, the pain may be sharp, but with time, it may turn into a dull ache. Moving your hip, particularly going down stairs, might make the pain worse. If left untreated, the pain may start going down your upper leg. You'll likely feel it when you lay on the side of your affected hip and when getting up from a chair. The joint becomes stiff, and the bursa itself is sensitive to touch. In extreme cases, your hip joint may become red and swollen and you may even have a fever.
Question: How is trochanteric bursitis diagnosed?
Answer: When you visit your doctor, she'll most likely do a physical exam, focusing on how long you've had the condition and specific movements that cause the pain. She may order X-rays to rule out other issues, since bursitis itself doesn't show up on X-rays. You could get an ultrasound test, and you may get an MRI if your hip isn't responding to treatment. In some cases, your doctor may inject your bursa with an anesthetic. If the pain goes away at once, you most likely have trochanteric bursitis.
Question: What are other causes of trochanteric bursitis?
Answer: Other causes of trochanteric bursitis include: muscle tears hip injuries hip surgery complications poor posture diseases such as gout (a form of arthritis with sudden, sharp attacks of pain, often at the base of the big toe) You'll first notice trochanteric bursitis when you feel pain at the outside of your hip.
Question: What is trochanteric bursitis?
Answer: The outside point of the hip, which is called the greater trochanter, has a bursa called the trochanteric bursa. ( The other bursa, on the inside of the hip area, is called the iliopsoas bursa.) When that outside hip bursa gets inflamed, you have trochanteric bursitis. Also known as greater trochanteric pain syndrome ( GTPS), it is a common condition and easily treatable. You'll find bursa sacs at many of the body's major joints, including the elbow, shoulder, and knee. The small pouches are filled with a thick fluid and are meant to lubricate joints and protect body parts from friction. The trochanteric bursa, like other bursae, may become inflamed if the hip is overused or injured.
Question: What causes trochanteric bursitis?
Answer: The hip joint is one of the largest and strongest joints in the human body. The small pouches are filled with a thick fluid and are meant to lubricate joints and protect body parts from friction. The trochanteric bursa, like other bursae, may become inflamed if the hip is overused or injured. Trochanteric bursitis affects about five of every 1,000 adults and generally occurs in middle-aged or older people, though people of any age may get the condition. Active adults who regularly walk, run, or cycle may be susceptible to trochanteric bursitis. The side of the leg includes a long piece of connective tissue called the iliotibial band ( ITB), which runs from the hip to the knee. If the ITB is tight from hard use, it may rub against the trochanteric bursa and cause irritation, leading to bursitis.
Question: What types of vaginal estrogen treat vaginal dryness?
Answer: Most women use one of three types of vaginal estrogen: Ring ( Estring): You or your doctor inserts this soft, flexible ring into your vagina where it releases a steady stream of estrogen directly to the tissues. The ring is replaced every 3 months. Tablet ( Vagifem): You use a disposable applicator to put a tablet into your vagina once a day for the first two weeks of treatment. Then you do it twice a week until you no longer need it. Cream ( Estrace, Premarin): You use an applicator to get the cream into your vagina. You'll typically apply the cream daily for 1 to 2 weeks, then cut back to one to three times a week as directed by your doctor.
Question: What are other causes of vaginal dryness?
Answer: Estrogen levels can also drop because of: Childbirth and breastfeeding Radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer Surgical removal of the ovaries Anti-estrogen medications used to treat uterine fibroids or endometriosis Other causes of vaginal dryness include: SjÃ¶gren's syndrome (an autoimmune disorder that attacks cells in the body that produce moisture) Allergy and cold medications Certain antidepressants Douching Not enough foreplay before sex No matter what the cause, vaginal dryness can be extremely uncomfortable. It can lead to itching, burning, and painful intercourse.
Question: What should I avoid to prevent vaginal dryness?
Answer: Avoid using douches, bubble baths, scented soaps, and lotions around the sensitive vaginal area. These products can worsen dryness.
Question: How is vaginal dryness diagnosed?
Answer: Any burning, itching, or discomfort in the area is worth a call to your doctor or gynecologist. They'll ask about your past health and find out how long you've had symptoms and what seems to make them worse or better. Your doctor will do a pelvic exam, checking your vagina for any thinning or redness. The exam will help rule out other possible causes for your discomfort, including a vaginal or urinary tract infection. The doctor may also remove cells from your vaginal wall or cervix for a Pap test.
Question: What should you know about vaginal dryness?
Answer: It can happen at any age from a number of different causes. It may seem like a minor irritation. But the lack of vaginal moisture can have a huge impact on your sex life. Fortunately, several treatments are available to relieve vaginal dryness. Vaginal dryness is common symptom of menopause -- and close to one out of every three women deals with it while going through "the change." It becomes even more common afterward.
Question: How can you protect yourself from outside noise if you have tinnitus?
Answer: Here are some ways to protect yourself from our noisy world: Keep music at 60% of full volume or lower when using earbuds. Don't listen for more than 60 minutes at one time. Wear ear plugs at concerts, loud restaurants, or other loud events. If you can't hear someone standing an arm's length away, it's loud enough to cause hearing damage and make tinnitus worse. Use ear plugs or earmuffs when cutting the grass, using power tools, or using snow or leaf blowers. Always use ear protection in a noisy workplace.
Question: What can make tinnitus worse?
Answer: Some people report that certain foods, drinks, or drugs can make their symptoms worse. Not everyone is affected the same way, so try to avoid triggers one at a time and keep a written log. You may not need to avoid every possible trigger. Instead, notice which things affect your symptoms.
Question: What are triggers of tinnitus?
Answer: Some possible triggers include: Drinks with caffeine such as cola, coffee, tea, and energy drinks Alcohol Aspirin Salt Kick the habit, if you smoke.
Question: How can relaxation help tinnitus?
Answer: Plan time to relax every day. It's normal to feel anxious and annoyed when you first develop tinnitus or when it flares up. But stress and worry can make your symptoms worse. Try different ways to relax until you find what works best for you. Even 15 minutes of deep relaxation can ease stress and improve your mood.
Question: What are good sleep habits to help tinnitus?
Answer: Practice good sleep habits for more restful sleep: Make your bedroom dark and cool. Use a fan or white-noise machine if your bedroom is too quiet. Set aside 7 to 9 hours for sleep at night. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Develop a bedtime routine, such as taking a relaxing warm bath right before bedtime. Make sure your bed and pillows are comfortable and supportive. Avoid exercise, food, and alcohol 2 to 3 hours before going to sleep.
Question: How can you cope with tinnitus?
Answer: Tinnitus may bother you more when it's quiet. Follow these suggestions: Try not to notice the ringing or buzzing. Keep yourself distracted with work and favorite activities. Learn which coping techniques work for you and practice them regularly. Over time, you may find that you get used to tinnitus, and the sounds in your head no longer bother you.
Question: How does smoking affect tinnitus?
Answer: It harms blood flow to the sensitive nerve cells that control your hearing. It also acts as a stimulant in your body. This can make the ringing in your ears sound louder. But stress and worry can make your symptoms worse.
Question: How can joining a support group help tinnitus?
Answer: It may seem hard to believe, but learning to ignore your tinnitus can help you cope with it. Learn which coping techniques work for you and practice them regularly.
Question: Can sleep apnea cause bed-wetting in kids?
Answer: Bed-wetting in children may also be caused by sleep apnea. Although immaturity of the bladder or other medical conditions are more common, the possibility of sleep apnea must be considered when a child is being evaluated for bed-wetting problems.
Question: What might it mean if your child continues to wet the bed past age 6?
Answer: Children who continue to wet the bed beyond age 6 may not be producing enough ADH hormone at appropriate times, or may not yet be attuned to their bodies' signals, or both.
Question: How common is bedwetting in kids?
Answer: About 5 to 7 million children over age 6 regularly wet their bed. Most children do not need bed-wetting treatment and outgrow it. Although immaturity of the bladder or other medical conditions are more common, the possibility of sleep apnea must be considered when a child is being evaluated for bed-wetting problems. Parents should consider treatment for bed-wetting if their child is still wetting the bed between ages 6 and 7, according to the National Enuresis Society -- or sooner if the child seems troubled by bed-wetting.
Question: What is step 2 in a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
Answer: Your surgeon will carefully free the colon in sections, starting with the rectum and sigmoid colon, and finishing with the ascending (right) colon. He will also cut and close the main blood vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the colon throughout the surgery. During the procedure, the surgeon will use a paddle-like instrument to hold loops of the intestine up and out of the way. When the entire large intestine is freed, the surgeon will free the right colon from the ileum. Then he'll identify the part of the ileum that he will join with the rectum. Finally, your surgeon will pass a snare-like instrument over the colon to make sure that all of the attachments to the tissue have been cut. This tool is designed to hold a wire loop, which the surgeon tightens around any remaining tissue growths to remove them. Once this is complete, he will make one of the surgical cuts bigger and pull the colon out of the abdominal cavity.
Question: What is a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
Answer: Doctors use it to help treat conditions including: Inflammatory conditions of the intestine, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis Familial polyposis, an inherited (hereditary) condition in which hundreds to thousands of polyps (small growths) form along all of the large intestine The term "laparoscopic" refers to a type of surgery called laparoscopy, which lets the surgeon do the operation through very small cuts in the abdomen. They use a laparoscope, which is a tool with a small camera on it, to see inside you. When the entire large intestine is freed, the surgeon will free the right colon from the ileum.
Question: What is the recovery like after a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
Answer: He will also cut and close the main blood vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the colon throughout the surgery. After surgery, your doctor will encourage you to boost your activity level steadily once you are home. If you are fit and did regular exercise before surgery, you may resume exercising when you feel comfortable and your doctor approves. However, you should avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and abdominal exercises such as sit-ups for 6 weeks after surgery. When you go home, your doctor will probably recommend a âsoftâ diet, which means you can eat almost everything except raw fruits and vegetables. You should continue this diet until your post-surgical checkup. If the diet makes you constipated, call your doctor's office for advice.
Question: How will your doctor check aneurysm?
Answer: To figure out if what you're feeling is an aneurysm, your doctor will ask you questions, including whether another member of your family has had one. Then, she'll give you a complete exam, during which she'll: Listen to your heart Check your blood pressure Listen to the arteries in your neck Feel your abdomen for a mass If your doctor thinks you have an aneurysm in your aorta, the main artery in your body, you may get an ultrasound test so she can see if there is one.
Question: What if surgery can't repair an aneurysm?
Answer: For inoperable aneurysms, you may be prescribed drugs to lower your blood pressure or ease the force of your heart's beating. Your chance of it bursting will go down.
Question: How can you prevent aneurysm?
Answer: The most important thing you can do to prevent aneurysms is to control your blood pressure. If you have a family history of stroke or heart disease, make changes in your diet and lifestyle to improve your health. Exercise regularly. Watch what you eat. If you smoke, stop.
Question: How can surgery help with treating aneurysm?
Answer: An MRI can also be used to check your aorta or blood vessels in your brain. A surgeon can treat it by inserting a clip that cuts off blood flow to the affected area.
Question: How is an aneurysm treated?
Answer: The only way to get rid of an aneurysm is to have it repaired with surgery or an endovascular procedure. Even for an operable aneurysm, your doctor may first try medication and a wait-and-see approach, with tests every now and then to track its growth.
Question: What are complications related to obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: Increasing evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnea is strongly associated with conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), stroke, heart attack, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nocturnal angina, heart failure, hypothyroidism, and an abnormal heart rhythm. About half of sleep-apnea patients have hypertension, and untreated obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of heart-related illness and death. In addition, obstructive sleep apnea is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, which increases the risk for motor vehicle accidents and depression. Some complications may be related to the release of stress hormones, which may be triggered by frequent decreases in blood oxygen levels and reduced sleep quality. Stress hormones can increase heart rate and also can lead to the development or worsening of heart failure.
Question: Who is most likely to get obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: In middle-aged adults, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is estimated to be 4%-9%, although the condition is often undiagnosed and untreated. Among people over age 65, it's estimated that at least 10% have the condition. Aging affects the brain's ability to keep upper airway throat muscles stiff during sleep, increasing the likelihood that the airway will narrow or collapse. Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause. In older adults, the gender gap narrows after women reach menopause.
Question: What are other risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: In addition to obesity, other anatomical features associated with obstructive sleep apnea -- many of them hereditary -- include a narrow throat, thick neck, and round head. Contributing factors may include hypothyroidism, excessive and abnormal growth due to excessive production of growth hormone (acromegaly), and allergies and other medical conditions such as a deviated septum that cause congestion in the upper airways. In adults, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and/or the use of sedatives is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
Question: What are the medical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: Medical treatment -- which includes control of risk factors, use of continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP) or oral appliances, and surgery -- may improve signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and its complications.
Question: What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Answer: In children, causes of obstructive sleep apnea often include enlarged tonsils or adenoids and dental conditions such as a large overbite. Less common causes include a tumor or growth in the airway, and birth defects such as Down syndrome and Pierre- Robin syndrome. Down Syndrome causes enlargement of the tongue, adenoids and tonsils and there is decreased muscle tone in the upper airway. Pierre- Robin syndrome actually has a small lower jaw and the tongue tends to ball up and fall to the back of the throat. Although childhood obesity may cause obstructive sleep apnea, it's much less commonly associated with the condition than adult obesity.
Question: Who is least likely to get obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: Postmenopausal women who receive hormone replacement therapy are significantly less likely than those who don't to develop obstructive sleep apnea, suggesting that progesterone and/or estrogen may be protective. But hormone replacement therapy is not considered to be an appropriate therapy for the condition, because it can affect health in other ways.
Question: What can untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to?
Answer: Regardless of age, untreated obstructive sleep apnea can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, accidents, and premature death. So it's important that anyone with signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea -- especially loud snoring and repeated nighttime awakenings followed by excessive daytime sleepiness -- receive appropriate medical evaluation.
Question: How are obstructive sleep apnea and being overweight connected?
Answer: More than half of people with obstructive sleep apnea are either overweight or obese, which is defined as a body mass index ( BMI) of 25-29.9 or 30.0 or above, respectively. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Although modest weight loss improves obstructive sleep apnea, it can be difficult for fatigued and sleepy patients to lose weight. In extremely obese patients, bariatric surgery is associated with an 85% success rate in improving the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
Question: What are other factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: But many other factors also are associated with the condition in adults. About 25%-40% of people with obstructive sleep apnea have family members with the condition, which may reflect an inherited tendency toward anatomical abnormalities. Ethnicity. Sleep apnea also is more common in African- Americans, Hispanics, and Pacific Islanders than in whites.
Question: What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in adults?
Answer: During sleep, when throat and tongue muscles are more relaxed, this soft tissue can cause the airway to become blocked. But many other factors also are associated with the condition in adults. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
Question: What is obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: Sleep apnea has many different possible causes. In this syndrome, which affects up to 25% of the extremely obese, excess body fat not only interferes with chest movement but also compresses the lungs to cause shallow, inefficient breathing throughout the day and night. Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause.