anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the function of circular RNA?
Answer: Circular RNAs are new players in regulation of post transcriptional gene expression. Circular RNAs play a crucial role in fine tuning the level of miRNA mediated regulation of gene expression by sequestering the miRNAs. This new type of transcript might represent a novel aspect of gene expression and hold some interesting clues about the splicing mechanism. Here we determine the structure of these novel transcripts, showing that they correspond to circular RNA molecules containing only exons in genomic order.
Question: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. is a plant pathogen in plants producing what common food?
Answer: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici.produces causes vascular wilt disease in tomatoes.
Question: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. is a plant pathogen in plants producing what common food?
Answer: Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (Fol) is one of the main diseases affecting tomatoes.
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Both regions exhibit a significant reduction in length and gene number in B. aphidicola BCc, as it could be expected since it possess the smallest bacterial genome. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae).
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: our results reveal that nasuia-alf has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the sulcia-alf genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of sulcia in other insect lineages.
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb).
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae).
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Both regions exhibit a significant reduction in length and gene number in B. aphidicola BCc, as it could be expected since it possess the smallest bacterial genome.
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts , sulcia muelleri and nasuia deltocephalinicola , of the phloem-feeding pest insect , macrosteles quadrilineatus (auchenorrhyncha: cicadellidae). . regions exhibit a significant reduction in length and gene number in b aphidicola bcc , as it could be expected since it possess the smallest bacterial genome. . results reveal that nasuia-alf has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb) , and that the sulcia-alf genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of sulcia in other insect lineages. .
Question: Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found?
Answer: Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages.
Question: Which deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome?
Answer: It has been well-documented that iron deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome. Magnesium and ferritin were also associated with restless leg syndrome.
Question: Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans?
Answer: Loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans.
Question: Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans?
Answer: Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells
Question: Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans?
Answer: Loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans.
Question: Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans?
Answer: Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells.
Question: Which is the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in Europeans?
Answer: Heterozygous loss-of-function nuclear factor kB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans, which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells.
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer: Recent evidence indicates that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) we have established a robust in vivo system in which pri-miRNA is transcribed by RNAP II and processed to pre-miRNA in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer: Previous studies in vivo reported that processing of primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) is coupled to transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and can occur co-transcriptionally.
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer: The non-protein-encoding pri-miRNAs are synthesized by RNA polymerase II and post-transcriptionally modified by addition of a 5'-cap and a 3'-poly (A) tail.
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer:  Analogously to mRNAs, the non-protein-encoding pri-miRNAs are synthesized by RNA polymerase II and post-transcriptionally modified by addition of a 5'-cap and a 3'-poly (A) tail. Recent evidence indicates that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II)
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer: Previous studies in vivo reported that processing of primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) is coupled to transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and can occur co-transcriptionally. we have established a robust in vivo system in which pri-miRNA is transcribed by RNAP II and processed to pre-miRNA in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.
Question: Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs?
Answer: Because the transcripts of most miRNA genes are the products of type-II RNA polymerase, pri-miRNA has a poly(A) tail and appears in expressed sequence tags (EST). Analogously to mRNAs, the non-protein-encoding pri-miRNAs are synthesized by RNA polymerase II and post-transcriptionally modified by addition of a 5'-cap and a 3'-poly (A) tail.
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: The Herpesviridae are a family of viruses which have a large genome of linear, double-stranded DNA (> 120 kb)
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: The genome of Herpes viruses is composed of linear, double-stranded DNA.
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are nuclear-replicating viruses composed of a double-stranded DNA genome
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has a double-stranded linear DNA genome that is approximately 152 kbp in length.
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: Herpesviridae are a family of viruses which have a large genome of linear, double-stranded DNA.
Question: Herpes viruses have what type of genome?
Answer: Herpes viruses have a linear, double-stranded DNA genome.
Question: What is resistin?
Answer: The adipocyte-secreting adipokine, resistin, may play a critical role in the modulation of inflammatory diseases.
Question: What is resistin?
Answer: Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine,
Question: RTS S AS01 vaccine was developed to prevent which disease?
Answer: RTS,S/AS01 vaccine was developed for prevention of malaria.
Question: Orteronel was developed for treatment of which cancer?
Answer: Orteronel was developed for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Question: What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)?
Answer: To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of esophageal achalasia
Question: What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)?
Answer: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the preferred surgical method for treating achalasia.
Question: What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder resulting in advanced vascular atherosclerosis and premature death, primarily from coronary artery disease. The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19
Question: What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: Mutations in the LDLr gene (LDLR), which is located on chromosome 19, cause familial hypercholesterolemia
Question: What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: The chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia is chromosome 19q13.3.
Question: What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disorder resulting in advanced vascular atherosclerosis and premature death, primarily from coronary artery disease. The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19.
Question: What is the chromosomal location of the LDL receptor gene associated with autosomal dominant Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: The primary defect is a mutation in the gene encoding for the plasma LDL receptor located on the short arm of chromosome 19.
Question: Which stapled peptide has been designed to target Ctf4?
Answer: The stapled Sld5 peptide was able to displace the Ctf4 partner DNA polymerase α from the replisome in yeast extracts.
Question: Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, called the SWR1 complex, that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A in nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a soluble pool of H2A.Z in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Question: Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: The multisubunit nucleosome-remodeling enzyme complex SWR1, conserved from yeast to mammals, catalyzes the ATP-dependent replacement of histone H2A in canonical nucleosomes with H2A.Z. The SWR1 complex replaces the canonical histone H2A with the variant H2A.Z (Htz1 in yeast) at specific chromatin regions.
Question: Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: The multisubunit nucleosome-remodeling enzyme complex SWR1, conserved from yeast to mammals, catalyzes the ATP-dependent replacement of histone H2A in canonical nucleosomes with H2A.Z.
Question: Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: The chromatin remodeler SWR1 mediates site-specific incorporation of H2A.Z by a multi-step histone replacement reaction, evicting histone H2A-H2B from the canonical nucleosome and depositing the H2A.Z-H2B dimer
Question: Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: The multisubunit nucleosome-remodeling enzyme complex SWR1, conserved from yeast to mammals, catalyzes the ATP-dependent replacement of histone H2A in canonical nucleosomes with H2A.Z. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, called the SWR1 complex, that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A in nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z.
Question: What enzyme is inhibied by Opicapone?
Answer: Opicapone is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to be used as adjunctive therapy in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease
Question: Which is the main component of the Lewy body?
Answer: Lewy bodies comprise of aggregated intracellular vesicles and proteins and α-synuclein is reported to be a major protein component.
Question: Which resource contains accurate enhancer predictions in the developing limb?
Answer: Limb-Enhancer Genie (LEG) is a collection of highly accurate, genome-wide predictions of enhancers in the developing limb, available through a user-friendly online interface. Limb enhancers are predicted using a combination of >50 published limb-specific datasets and clusters of evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites, taking advantage of the patterns observed at previously in vivo validated elements.
Question: Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics?
Answer: DagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics data. DagLogo allows various formats for input sets and provides comprehensive options to build optimal background models. It implements different reduced AA alphabets to group AAs of similar properties. Furthermore, dagLogo provides statistical and visual solutions for differential AA (or AA group) usage analysis of both large and small data sets. Case studies showed that dagLogo can better identify and visualize conserved protein sequence patterns from different types of inputs and can potentially reveal the biological patterns that could be missed by other logo generators.
Question: Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics?
Answer: dagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in data. dagLogo allows various formats for input sets and provides comprehensive options to build optimal background models.
Question: Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics?
Answer: DagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics data.
Question: What animal is thought to be the host for the Coronavirus causing MERS?
Answer: The animal thought to be the host for the Coronavirus causing MERS is camels.
Question: What animal is thought to be the host for the Coronavirus causing MERS?
Answer: The Virus causing MERS is though to have originated in dromedary camels
Question: Which component of the Influenza A Virus affects mRNA transcription termination?
Answer: Defective Pol II termination occurs independently of the ability of the viral NS1 protein to interfere with host mRNA processing. Instead, this termination defect is a common effect of diverse cellular stresses and underlies the production of previously reported downstream-of-gene transcripts (DoGs).
Question: Which component of the Influenza A Virus affects mRNA transcription termination?
Answer: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces global transcriptional defects at the 3' ends of active host genes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) run-through into extragenic regions. This phenomenon occurs with multiple strains of IAV, is dependent on influenza NS1 protein, and can be modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NS1 expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain
Question: What is the mode of action of Thiazovivin?
Answer: Thiazovivin is a selective small molecule that directly targets Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and increases expression of pluripotency factors.
Question: What is the function of the cGAS pathway?
Answer: The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against infection by a large variety of DNA-containing pathogens but also detects tumor-derived DNA and generates intrinsic antitumor immunity.
Question: How are ultraconserved elements called when they form clusters?
Answer: Ultraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs) are organized as large clusters, so-called gene regulatory blocks (GRBs) around key developmental genes. Their molecular functions and the reasons for their high degree of conservation remain enigmatic.
Question: What part of the body is affected by Meniere's disease?
Answer: The inner ear is the body part that is associated with Meniere's disease.
Question: Which is the primary enzyme metabolizing esomeprazole?
Answer: Esomeprazole is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19.
Question: What is the disease in which patients are sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents, presenting with a high frequency of chromosomal aberrations?
Answer: Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability and manifests by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.
Question: What is the disease in which patients are sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents, presenting with a high frequency of chromosomal aberrations?
Answer: Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal disorder that causes genome instability. FA patients suffer developmental abnormalities, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. The disease is manifested by defects in DNA repair, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, and a high degree of chromosomal aberrations.
Question: How large is a lncRNAs?
Answer: lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins
Question: What is the gene frequently mutated in Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) and Hisrchsprung disease?
Answer: The Ret gene may have gain of mutation functions in MEN2 cancer as well as loss of function mutations in Hirschprung disease.
Question: Where is the respirasome located?
Answer: Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial inner membrane is now available.
Question: Which protein interacts with the Ragulator-RAG GTPases to control mTOR activity?
Answer: Extensive functional proteomic analysis established SLC38A9 as an integral part of the Ragulator-RAG GTPases machinery that controls the activation of mTOR.
Question: Which protein interacts with the Ragulator-RAG GTPases to control mTOR activity?
Answer: SLC38A9 localizes with Rag-Ragulator complex components on lysosomes and associates with Rag GTPases in an amino acid-sensitive and nucleotide binding state-dependent manner. Depletion of SLC38A9 inhibits mTORC1 activity in the presence of amino acids and in response to amino acid replenishment following starvation. Thus SLC38A9 is a physical and functional component of the amino acid sensing machinery that controls the activation of mTOR. The serine/threonine kinase mTORC1 regulates cellular homeostasis in response to many cues, such as nutrient status and energy level.
Question: Are human enhancers or promoters evolving faster?
Answer: Our data further reveal that recently evolved enhancers can be associated with genes under positive selection, demonstrating the power of this approach for annotating regulatory adaptations in genomic sequences. We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes.
Question: Are human enhancers or promoters evolving faster?
Answer: We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes.
Question: Are human enhancers or promoters evolving faster?
Answer: Rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes.
Question: Which is the third subunit of the TSC1-TSC2 complex upstream of mTORC1?
Answer: TBC1D7 was identified as a stably associated and ubiquitous third core subunit of the TSC1-TSC2 complex. It was demonstrated that TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7 (TSC-TBC) is the functional complex that senses specific cellular growth conditions and possesses Rheb-GAP activity to negatively regulate mTORC1 activity. In agreement with this, TBC1D7 knockdown was shown to result in increased mTORC1 signaling, delayed induction of autophagy, and enhanced cell growth under poor growth conditions.
Question: Which disease is treated with Eliglustat?
Answer: Eliglustat was developed for treatment of Gaucher's disease type 1.
Question: Which enzyme is inhibited by Orteronel?
Answer: Orteronel inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of the enzyme CYP17A1, which is important for androgen synthesis in the testes, adrenal glands and prostate cancer cells. Orteronel is used for treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Question: Which gene fusion is the result of the "philadelphia translocation" or the "philadelphia chromosome" mutation?
Answer: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in a BCR/ABL gene fusion on the derivative chromosome 22 called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome and its corresponding fusion gene, BCR-ABL, is one of the best-known genetic abnormalities in hematological malignancies. Major BCR-ABL translocation is much more common in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and minor BCR-ABL in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Question: Which gene fusion is the result of the "philadelphia translocation" or the "philadelphia chromosome" mutation?
Answer: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in a BCR/ABL gene fusion on the derivative chromosome 22 called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome.
Question: Which gene fusion is the result of the "philadelphia translocation" or the "philadelphia chromosome" mutation?
Answer: The Philadelphia chromosome is recognized as the cytogenetic result of a rearrangement of the ABL gene on chromosome 9 and the BCL gene on chromosome 22, which leads to the creation of a BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 22.
Question: The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease?
Answer: screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin testtuberculin skin test (TST) performed according to the Mantoux method.
Question: The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease?
Answer: screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test
Question: The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease?
Answer: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test tests for latent tuberculosis
Question: The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease?
Answer: screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test.