anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is it important for men with urinary incontinence to stay hydrated?
Answer: Cut down on alcohol and caffeine. Space apart your drinks. Some men say that staggering their fluid intake can ease symptoms. But it's a bad idea. If you drink less, your urine becomes more concentrated. The more concentrated the urine, the more irritating to the bladder -- which can lead to more urinary incontinence. So if you're thirsty, have some water.
Question: What was the rheumatoid arthritis treatment 20 years ago?
Answer: Then: Twenty years ago, your doctor told you to take over-the-counter or prescription drugs to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. You got a corticosteroid shot. The doctor waited to prescribe stronger medicines -- and choices were limited back then -- until your RA got worse. The approach was to treat flares, not the disease itself.
Question: When were new kinds of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: The first of a new kind of DMARD, Jakinibs or JAK inhibitors, was approved in 2012. Sometimes called an âoral biologic,â this medicine is available as a pill rather than as a shot or an infusion, as with the other biologics. Jakinibs work from inside the cells to block the enzymes that alert the immune system to an invader.
Question: How are biologics used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Most of the newest drugs are biologics, meaning they're made from human genes. These potent copycats may stop an overactive immune system. Because these drugs target specific steps in the inflammation process, they don't wipe out your entire immune system, as some other RA treatments do. For many people, a biologic drug can slow, modify, or stop the disease -- even when other treatments haven't helped much.
Question: How has the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) changed?
Answer: The past 20 years have brought many new ways to treat RA, and there are more around the corner. Here's how the face of treatment has changed. Then: Twenty years ago, your doctor told you to take over-the-counter or prescription drugs to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. You got a corticosteroid shot. The doctor waited to prescribe stronger medicines -- and choices were limited back then -- until your RA got worse. The approach was to treat flares, not the disease itself. Now: You and your rheumatologist tackle RA head-on -- and early. You'll take powerful medicine from the start -- prescription drugs that work to stop the disease before it causes major damage. There are several to choose from or combine if the first ones don't work.
Question: Are older disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: While there are more choices than ever to treat RA, researchers also have found new promise in some old treatments. Recent studies show that some of the first DMARDs -- hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), methotrexate ( Otrexup, Rheumatrex, Trexall), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine, Azulfidine EN-tabs) -- when combined, may work as well as methotrexate plus a biologic. This âtriple therapy,â as it's called, gives you and your doctor another approach if methotrexate alone is not working. It's also an option if you're wary of biologics because of their side effects or high cost.
Question: Are corticosteroids used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Corticosteroids, including prednisone, act quickly to control inflammation. These strong drugs have strong side effects, so doctors limit the dose and how long you take them.
Question: Are there different categories of drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Doctors draw from three main groups of FDA-approved medicines: 1.
Question: What drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: The formula for treating RA often is a mix. Doctors draw from three main groups of FDA-approved medicines: 1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) ease pain and inflammation. Some, like ibuprofen and naproxen sodium, are over-the-counter drugs. You need a prescription for others, including a kind called COX-2 inhibitors, which can be easier on your stomach. Corticosteroids, including prednisone, act quickly to control inflammation. These strong drugs have strong side effects, so doctors limit the dose and how long you take them. They block the effects of chemicals released when your immune system mistakenly attacks your joints. Methotrexate is usually the first DMARD prescribed, often as soon as someone is diagnosed. Doctors now know that a delay might make your RA worse. Medical and dental researchers are revisiting the link between joint disease and gum disease.
Question: What new kinds of biologics are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Thanks to genetics research, many new drugs to treat RA have come online in the past 15 years. Before then, DMARDs were man-made. Most of the newest drugs are biologics, meaning they're made from human genes. These potent copycats may stop an overactive immune system. Because these drugs target specific steps in the inflammation process, they don't wipe out your entire immune system, as some other RA treatments do. For many people, a biologic drug can slow, modify, or stop the disease -- even when other treatments haven't helped much. The first of a new kind of DMARD, Jakinibs or JAK inhibitors, was approved in 2012. Sometimes called an âoral biologic,â this medicine is available as a pill rather than as a shot or an infusion, as with the other biologics. Jakinibs work from inside the cells to block the enzymes that alert the immune system to an invader. Several such drugs are in the works.
Question: What are current areas of study for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: There's still much to learn about why and how RA happens. Building on recent discoveries, areas under study include: Researchers are looking at genes to see why some people get RA and some don't, and why some cases are worse than others. This data can lead to biologics -- like JAK inhibitors -- that fight the causes of RA at a cellular level. Another area of RA research focuses on proteins made to target molecules that affect your immune system. They're called monoclonal antibodies, and several are approved by the FDA for use in RA. Statins, commonly used to lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, are being studied to see if they can lessen the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Medical and dental researchers are revisiting the link between joint disease and gum disease.
Question: Why do teens misbehave?
Answer: Sulking, arguing, lying, and rebelling are just a few of the ways teens misbehave. There's a good explanation for these bad behaviors. As teens become more independent, they still lack the emotional maturity they need to make informed, thoughtful decisions. The parts of the brain that control decision making and impulse control haven't fully developed. The combination of autonomy and immaturity can lead to risky teen behaviors, like drinking, smoking, and having unprotected sex.
Question: What is the goal of disciplining your children?
Answer: You want your children to do the right things, but disciplining teens isn't easy. When they talk back, you can't just put them in a time-out like you did when they were toddlers. Effective parenting of teens requires smarter, stronger discipline strategies. The goal of discipline is to gain more control over your kids -- without being too controlling.
Question: How do you put things in writing to help discipline children?
Answer: So that there can be no misunderstandings, create a formal list of house rules, or type up a behavior contract that you and your teen sign. Post the list or contract on the fridge or in another central location where your kids won't be able to miss it. Examples of clear rules include: " Curfew is 8 p.m. on weekdays, 10 p.m. on weekends, and no going out until homework is finished." Spell out the consequences, too: " Anyone who breaks one of these rules loses television for a day." If your kids do fall out of line, all you have to do is point to the list.
Question: How do you be firm and consistent when disciplining children?
Answer: Teens are master negotiators and manipulators. They're adept at spotting any sign of parental weakness. When you waffle and give in to their pleas for leniency, they are going to expect the same response every time they misbehave or break a rule. Being consistent about teen discipline also means that both parents need to be on the same page. If one parent always says "yes" and the other always says "no," your teen is going to know exactly which parent to ask. While you're being firm, don't forget to also be fair and understanding. A little empathy goes a long way when disciplining teens.
Question: Why is teaching responsibility an important part of parenting and curbing teen's bad behavior?
Answer: There's a good explanation for these bad behaviors. The combination of autonomy and immaturity can lead to risky teen behaviors, like drinking, smoking, and having unprotected sex. Know that no matter how well you prepare your kids, they're going to make some mistakes. The important thing is to show them how to learn from those mistakes.
Question: Why is staying involved as a parent important for preventing bad behavior?
Answer: Being consistent about teen discipline also means that both parents need to be on the same page. The best way to encourage positive teen behaviors is to walk the talk yourself. Ask what your kids are doing when they go out with friends. Know who they hang out with and where they go. Being an involved parent also means watching for any warning signs that your teen is in trouble. These signs include: skipping school, losing or gaining a lot of weight quickly, having trouble sleeping, spending more time alone, getting into trouble with the law, or talking about committing suicide.
Question: Why is being a good role model important to curb teen's bad behavior?
Answer: If your kids do fall out of line, all you have to do is point to the list. The best way to encourage positive teen behaviors is to walk the talk yourself.
Question: Why is understanding teens an important part of curbing teen's bad behavior?
Answer: Just don't forget that you still have the final say. Teens are under an enormous amount of pressure to do well in school, excel at a lot of different activities, follow all the current fads, and fit in with their friends. Before you come down hard on your teen for bad behavior, try to understand what's driving it. Could there be trouble in school? Boyfriend or girlfriend problems? Bullying? Get your kids to open up to you about their problems by creating an environment of honesty and respect. Let them know that they can talk to you about anything. Even sensitive subjects like sex and drug use should not be off-limits. Let your teens know that you will always love and support them, no matter what they do.
Question: How do you set clear rules to discipline children?
Answer: It's important to establish clear rules, and to have consequences for breaking those rules. For example, the punishment for breaking curfew might be that your teen has to stay home the next weekend. You'll get less resistance if you involve your kids in designing their own consequences. Just don't forget that you still have the final say. Let your teens know that you will always love and support them, no matter what they do.
Question: What are the physical reasons for erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: Physical reasons for ED range from heart disease and diabetes to high blood pressure and obesity. Damage to your nerves or arteries can cause problems with erections, too. Lack of exercise, drinking, and smoking can lead to problems.
Question: Do you need a thyroid test if you have erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: A butterfly-shaped gland in your neck, it has a lot of jobs to do. One of them is to help with the flow of sex hormones. This test can check whether it's working right.
Question: How does talking to your doctor about your sexual history help in diagnosing erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: By asking about your sexual history -- your relationships, sex drive, if you ever get erections -- he can begin to figure out whether the problem is more likely to be physical or mental. Be honest with your doctor; he can't help you if you withhold information.
Question: Does stress cause erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: On the mental and emotional side of things, anxiety, depression, and stress all play a role. Relationship issues can also be a factor.
Question: How often do you have an erection during the night as you sleep?
Answer: Usually, men have 3 to 5 erections during the night as they sleep. Your doctor may use an overnight erection test to see whether you're able to get an erection.
Question: How does ultrasound help in diagnosing erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: Men need a lot of different body parts working the right way -- from the brain and glands that control hormones to blood vessels and the penis -- to get and keep an erection. It may be used along with the injection test. Your doctor takes a device that looks like a wand and holds it over your penis. It uses sound waves to create a video of your blood vessels so your doctor can look at blood flow.
Question: What is an  intracavernosal test to help with ED diagnosis?
Answer: Your doctor may use an overnight erection test to see whether you're able to get an erection. Your doctor injects a medicine into the base of your penis that should give you an erection. If you don't get one, you may have a problem with blood flow to your penis.
Question: What is the theory behind acupressure?
Answer: Acupressure is just one of a number of Asian bodywork therapies ( ABT) with roots in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM). Examples of other Asian bodywork therapies are medical qigong and Tuina. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of acupressure. Traditional Chinese medical theory describes special acupoints, or acupressure points, that lie along meridians, or channels, in your body. These are the same energy meridians and acupoints as those targeted with acupuncture. It is believed that through these invisible channels flows vital energy -- or a life force called qi (ch'i). It is also believed that these 12 major meridians connect specific organs or networks of organs, organizing a system of communication throughout your body. The meridians begin at your fingertips, connect to your brain, and then connect to an organ associated with a certain meridian. According to this theory, when one of these meridians is blocked or out of balance, illness can occur. Acupressure and acupuncture are among the types of TCM that are thought to help restore balance.
Question: Are there any precautions with acupressure?
Answer: In general, acupressure is very safe. If you have cancer, arthritis, heart disease, or a chronic condition, be sure to have a discussion with your doctor before trying any therapy that involves moving joints and muscles, such as acupressure. And, make sure your acupressure practitioner is licensed and certified. Deep tissue work such as acupressure may need to be avoided if any of the following conditions apply: The treatment is in the area of a cancerous tumor or if the cancer has spread to bones You have rheumatoid arthritis, a spinal injury, or a bone disease that could be made worse by physical manipulation You have varicose veins You are pregnant (because certain points may induce contractions)
Question: How can acupressure help with pain?
Answer: Some preliminary evidence suggests that acupressure may help with low back pain, postoperative pain, or headache. Pain from other conditions may benefit, as well. To relieve headache, the LI 4 pressure point is sometimes tried. Arthritis .
Question: How can acupressure help with depression and anxiety?
Answer: More than one study suggests that fatigue and mood may improve from the use of acupressure. Better designed trials are needed to be sure.
Question: What is acupressure?
Answer: These are the same energy meridians and acupoints as those targeted with acupuncture. Acupressure and acupuncture are among the types of TCM that are thought to help restore balance.
Question: How do I treat early-onset Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: An important part of managing your condition is to stay as positive as you can. Keep up with the activities you still enjoy. Try different ways to relax, like yoga or deep-breathing. Keep your body in good shape, too. Make sure you eat healthy food and get regular exercise.
Question: How should I get ready for the future in regards to early-onset Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: There are plans you can start making now that will be a big help later. For example, meet with a lawyer to learn about the arrangements you'll need. Giving someone "power of attorney," lets the people you love make health and money decisions for you when you can no longer do that on your own. It's also a good idea to think about how you'll pay for some of your future health costs. Some things to consider are safety equipment you'll need at home or getting help from a professional caregiver. Get your family together to talk about your finances, and how much money you're likely to need to get proper care. Now is also the time to start building your team. Lots of different people will be on it. Your relatives, friends, neighbors, and health professionals all have a role. Your family and your doctor can help you put a group together. The important thing is to figure out what you want, make a specific, realistic plan, and to let people around you know.
Question: What is early-onset Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: But you're in your late 40s, so it couldn't be Alzheimer's disease, could it? Turn to family, friends, and local chapters of the Alzheimer's Association and other groups to get started making a plan for the rest of your life. You'll also take tests that check your memory and see how well you solve problems. An important part of managing your condition is to stay as positive as you can. There are medications that can help with some symptoms of early-onset Alzheimer's. For example, meet with a lawyer to learn about the arrangements you'll need.
Question: What medications treat early-onset Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: There's isn't a single test that confirms you have early-onset Alzheimer's. Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help with memory loss, such as: Donepezil ( Aricept) Galantamine ( Razadyne) Memantine ( Namenda) Memantine-donepezil ( Namzaric) Rivastigmine ( Exelon) These medicines can delay or improve your symptoms for a few months to a few years. They may give you more time to live independently. Your doctor also may also suggest sleeping pills, antidepressants, or tranquilizers, or to manage other problems related to Alzheimer's, like insomnia, night terrors, and anxiety.
Question: Who shouldn't take bee pollen?
Answer: There is evidence that bee pollen is not helpful in boosting athletic performance or stamina.
Question: What are benefits of bee pollen?
Answer: A few studies have been promising: One small study found evidence that bee pollen might reduce some side effects of radiation therapy for cancer. Other studies looked at an extract of bee pollen and found some benefits in men suffering from chronic prostatitis or enlarged prostate. Another study found that a product containing bee pollen (and several other ingredients) seemed to reduce PMS symptoms. However, more research needs to be done before it's known whether bee pollen truly helps those conditions.
Question: What are the risks of taking bee pollen?
Answer: Generally, bee pollen seems fairly safe. However, it could cause potentially serious allergic reactions in people with allergies to honey, pollen (like ragweed or other plants, depending on where the bee pollen comes from), or bee stings. Symptoms could include itching, redness, swelling, hives, shortness of breath, and even anaphylactic shock. Risks. If you have any medical conditions, check with a doctor before you start using bee pollen regularly. It might not be safe for people with allergic asthma, blood disorders, or liver disease.
Question: How nutritious is bee pollen?
Answer: It's a good source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates. Note that bee pollen is not the same as other substances derived from bees -- which are sometimes used as supplements -- like bee venom, royal jelly, and honey.
Question: How much bee pollen should you take?
Answer: Bee pollen is a mixture of the pollens picked up by bees as they fly from one flower to another. Since bee pollen is an unproven treatment, there is no standard dose. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using bee pollen supplements.
Question: What is a bee pollen?
Answer: It's also used as an energy tonic. Other studies looked at an extract of bee pollen and found some benefits in men suffering from chronic prostatitis or enlarged prostate. There is evidence that bee pollen is not helpful in boosting athletic performance or stamina. The many other uses of bee pollen -- from increasing strength to slowing aging -- are largely unstudied. People who take bee pollen for allergies could actually aggravate their symptoms if they are allergic to any of the pollens in the supplement.
Question: How is my privacy protected regarding genetic testing for breast cancer?
Answer: This act also prevents insurance companies from using genetic information to determine that a health condition existed before application was made for insurance. In addition, many states have passed laws, or have legislation pending, addressing insurance concerns.
Question: What happens during genetic testing for breast cancer?
Answer: A family pedigree is a chart that shows the genetic makeup of a person's ancestors, and is used to analyze inherited characteristics or diseases within a family. After outlining the family pedigree, a blood test will be performed to determine if you have a breast cancer gene. Keep in mind that the vast majority of breast cancer cases are not associated with a breast cancer gene. In addition, scientists do not know all of the genes that can cause breast cancer, so doctors can only test you for the known genes. When someone with a cancer diagnosis and a family history of the disease has been tested and found to have an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, the family is said to have a "known mutation." If an association between the development of breast cancer and a breast cancer gene is made, then all family members willing to participate in genetic testing are asked to give a sample of blood. For many people, knowing their test results is important because this information may help to guide future health care decisions for themselves and their families.
Question: What are my options if I have a "cancer gene"?
Answer: Women in high-risk categories (first-degree relative with breast cancer, prior abnormal breast biopsy results with atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) and carriers of the genes associated with breast cancer should consider starting regular breast cancer screening at age 25 or 10 years earlier than the age of the youngest person with breast cancer at the time of their diagnosis. Some women choose preventive (prophylactic) mastectomy to decrease the chances of developing breast cancer, although this doesn't offer complete protection. Another approach includes using the anti-estrogen drugs: Tamoxifen, useful in premenopausal and post-menopausal women Raloxifene ( Evista), used to treat osteoporosis; useful only in post-menopausal women Exemestane ( Aromasin), an aromatase inhibitor; useful only in post-menopausal women Genetic testing is not 100% accurate.
Question: What are some questions to consider about breast cancer and genetic testing?
Answer: Here are some questions to consider when thinking about genetic testing: Am I prepared to cope with the result? Are my family members also prepared, including my children and my spouse? What are my goals for testing? How would I use my test results? What will I do differently if the results are positive, or if they are negative? Whom will I share my results with? Would a positive test result change relationships with my family?