anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How many Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month?
Answer: Most people have felt heartburn at one time or another. In fact, the American Gastroenterological Association reports that more than 60 million Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month. Though uncomfortable, heartburn does not usually present a serious health problem for most people.
Question: What lifestyle habits can cause heartburn?
Answer: These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil
Question: What dietary habits can cause heartburn?
Answer: These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil
Question: How can I prepare for an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Answer: Let your doctor know about any medications -- both prescription and over-the-counter -- and supplements you're taking. Wash your hair the night before the test. Don't use any leave-in conditioning or styling products afterward.
Question: What happens after an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Answer: The technician will take the electrodes off and wash off the glue that held them in place. You can use a little fingernail polish remover at home to get rid of any leftover stickiness. Unless you're actively having seizures or your doctor says you shouldn't, you can drive home. But if the EEG was done overnight, it's better to have someone else drive you. You can usually start taking medications you'd stopped specifically for the test. A neurologist, a doctor who specializes in the brain, will look at the recording of your brain wave pattern.
Question: What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Answer: The machine is only recording the activity of the brain and does not stimulate it. It's rare to have a seizure during the test.
Question: What happens during an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Answer: You lie down on the exam table or bed, and a technician puts about 20 small sensors on your scalp. These sensors, called electrodes, pick up electrical activity from cells inside your brain called neurons and send them to a machine, where they show up as a series of lines recorded on moving paper or displayed on a computer screen. You'll relax with your eyes open first, then with them closed. The technician may ask you to breathe deeply and rapidly or to stare at a flashing light, because both of these can change your brain wave patterns.
Question: How can inflammatory bowel diseases trigger problems elsewhere in the body?
Answer: You know the main symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. But did you know that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis -- both of which are IBDs -- can trigger problems elsewhere in your body? They can show up before you even know you have an IBD, or not until years after your diagnosis. Many of these issues go away when you get your irritable bowel disease under control. That's because treating the inflammation that goes along with an IBD can help manage it in other parts of your body, too.
Question: How else can inflammatory bowel disease affect someone?
Answer: Other potential problems include: Anemia Gallstones and kidney stones Inflamed liver Inflamed or scarred bile ducts, especially if you have ulcerative colitis Delayed growth or puberty in children and teens Your doctor will help you spot these problems. He may refer you to a specialist, like a rheumatologist for your joints, a dermatologist for your skin, or an ophthalmologist for your eyes, depending on how bad your symptoms are.
Question: How are bones affected by inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: There are a couple of reasons people with IBD get osteoporosis. Medications, like steroids, not enough physical activity, and trouble absorbing vitamin D and minerals such as calcium and magnesium all play a role. You're also more likely to break a bone than the people without an irritable bowel disease. This risk goes up as you age. Usually, women are at greater risk for osteoporosis. But IBD-related osteoporosis affects men and women in equal numbers. Calcium and vitamin supplements can help keep your bones healthy, along with exercise, avoiding alcohol, and not smoking.
Question: How are joints affected by inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: Joint pain is the most common non-gut ailment for people with IBD. It can affect your large joints like your ankles, hips, or knees, or small ones like your fingers. Although you might notice symptoms as long as a decade before you're diagnosed, this type of arthritis usually doesn't damage your joints. It should go away once you get your disease under control. Talk to your doctor before you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) for joint pain. They can make your IBD worse.
Question: Which areas of the body can extra-intestinal symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease affect?
Answer: These âextra-intestinalâ symptoms, as doctors like to call them, can affect many areas of your body, including your joints, mouth, eyes, skin, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and pancreas. Even osteoporosis has been linked to IBDs. You can have one of these extra symptoms or several. They're more common if your parents or siblings have an irritable bowel disease and have extra-intestinal problems related to IBD.
Question: How is skin affected by inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: It should go away once you get your disease under control. You might hear your doctor call them erythema nodosum. They'll probably show up at the same time as your IBD flares. They, too, will go away -- without leaving scars -- when you get a handle on the disease. Less common but more serious are ulcers that can range from a small spot to the length of your leg. The more serious your IBD symptoms are, the more likely you are to get them. Doctors treat them with high-powered meds that target your immune system. If you have Crohn's disease, you might also get lesions inside your mouth. Antiseptic mouthwash and topical steroids can help.
Question: How can I find the cause of memory loss?
Answer: If you find that you are increasingly forgetful or if memory problems interfere with your daily life, schedule an appointment with your doctor to determine the cause and best treatment. To evaluate memory loss, your doctor will take a medical history, perform a physical exam -- including a neurologic exam -- and ask questions to test mental ability. Depending on the results, further evaluation may include blood and urine tests, nerve tests, and imaging tests of the brain such as computerized axial tomography ( CAT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI).
Question: How can sleep deprivation lead to memory loss?
Answer: Both quantity and quality of sleep are important to memory. Getting too little sleep or waking frequently in the night can lead to fatigue, which interferes with the ability to consolidate and retrieve information.
Question: How is memory loss treated?
Answer: A severe hit to the head -- from a fall or automobile accident, for example -- can injure the brain and cause both short- and long-term memory loss. For example, memory loss from medications may resolve with a change in medication. Nutritional supplements can be useful against memory loss caused by a nutritional deficiency. And treating depression may be helpful for memory when depression is a factor. In some cases -- such as following a stroke -- therapy may help people remember how to do certain tasks such as walking or tying shoes. In others, memory may improve over time. Treatments may also be specific to conditions related to memory loss. For example, drugs are available to treat memory problems related to Alzheimer's disease, and drugs to help lower blood pressure can help reduce risk of more brain damage from dementia related to high blood pressure.
Question: How can alcohol, tobacco, or drug use lead to memory loss?
Answer: Alcohol, tobacco, or drug use. Studies have shown that people who smoke find it more difficult to put faces with names than do nonsmokers. Illicit drugs can change chemicals in the brain that can make it hard to recall memories. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is stopped due to the blockage of a blood vessel to the brain or leakage of a vessel into the brain.
Question: How can nutritional deficiency lead to memory loss?
Answer: Both quantity and quality of sleep are important to memory. Deficiencies in vitamin B1 and B12 specifically can affect memory.
Question: How can strokes lead to memory loss?
Answer: Strokes often cause short-term memory loss. A person who has had a stroke may have vivid memories of childhood events but be unable to recall what he or she had for lunch. Although there are many causes of dementia -- including blood vessel disease, drug or alcohol abuse, or other causes of damage to the brain -- the most common and familiar is Alzheimer's disease.
Question: How can depression and stress lead to?
Answer: Illicit drugs can change chemicals in the brain that can make it hard to recall memories. Stress and anxiety can also get in the way of concentration. When you are tense and your mind is overstimulated or distracted, your ability to remember can suffer. Stress caused by an emotional trauma can also lead to memory loss.
Question: What are side effects of nitrates?
Answer: While you're using nitrates, get your blood pressure checked regularly. Nitrates may make you feel dizzy. You may also get a rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat when you take the drugs regularly. It usually gets better after the first few weeks. If it keeps up, talk to your doctor. Some other side effects are: Headache Flushing of your face or neck. Call your doctor if it persists or is severe. Low blood pressure.
Question: How should you take nitrates?
Answer: Some nitrates include: Dilatrate- SR, Iso- Bid, Isonate, Isorbid, Isordil, Isotrate, Sorbitrate (isosorbide dinitrate) Imdur (isosorbide mononitrate) Bi Dil (hydralazine with isosorbide dinitrate) Follow the label directions on when and how to take them. It's OK to take these drugs with or without meals. Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand how to take these medications during the day. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take them depend on your condition.
Question: What are the risks of gastric sleeve weight loss surgery?
Answer: Certain foods may not agree with you now. You may also develop nutrition problems after surgery, which is why you have to take vitamins and supplements for life. Your doctor will advise you on exactly what you need.
Question: What changes will I need to make to my diet after gastric sleeve surgery?
Answer: After that first month, you'll switch to eating soft solid foods very slowly. Other pointers to keep in mind: Everything must be chewed thoroughly before being swallowed. Don't drink while you eat, as this might cause your new stomach to overfill. Drink liquids a half-hour after finishing a meal. Avoid high-calorie sodas and snacking. Take vitamin and mineral supplements every day.
Question: What happens during gastric sleeve weight loss surgery?
Answer: The surgery takes about an hour. Your surgeon will make a few small cuts in your belly and insert a laparoscope -- an instrument with a tiny camera that sends pictures to a monitor. The surgeon will then insert other medical instruments through the additional cuts and remove 3/4 of your stomach. Finally, he'll reattach the rest of your stomach to form the "sleeve" or tube. You might be in hospital about 2 or 3 days. The procedure is permanent.
Question: How much weight do people lose after gastric sleeve weight loss surgery?
Answer: People generally lose 60% of their extra weight over 12 to 18 months. So if you are 100 pounds overweight, you'll lose about 60 pounds, though some lose more and others less. Of course, exercising and eating right add to your weight loss.
Question: When can I go back to regular means after gastric sleeve weight loss surgery?
Answer: You won't be able to eat as much as you used to, which helps you lose weight. Your doctor will advise you on exactly what you need.
Question: What can happen if gallstones are left untreated?
Answer: If left untreated, gallstones can also lead to more serious problems, like: Cholecystitis -- an inflamed gallbladder Pancreatitis -- an inflamed pancreas Cholangitis -- inflamed bile ducts Before your doctor opts for surgery, he'll run several tests to see the effect your gallstones are having on your health.
Question: What is recovery like after gallbladder surgery?
Answer: The length of time it takes you to heal depends on the type of surgery you have. If you have your gallbladder removed during open surgery, you'll need to stay in the hospital for a few days afterward. It may take between 6 to 8 weeks for your body to heal fully. Laparoscopy is less involved, so you'll have less pain and heal faster than if you have open surgery. Most people who have it are able to go home from the hospital the same day. You'll likely be back to your normal routine within 2 weeks.
Question: What tests are done before surgery for gallstones?
Answer: If left untreated, gallstones can also lead to more serious problems, like: Cholecystitis -- an inflamed gallbladder Pancreatitis -- an inflamed pancreas Cholangitis -- inflamed bile ducts Before your doctor opts for surgery, he'll run several tests to see the effect your gallstones are having on your health. Tests might include: Blood test Ultrasound MRI HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan -- a radioactive chemical is put into your body to create images of any blocked ducts Endoscopic ultrasonography -- an imaging device is put into your mouth and down through your digestive tract so sound waves can create a detailed picture of your small intestine You may be able to manage your symptoms for a short time by making changes to your diet.
Question: What are the risks of gallbladder surgery?
Answer: Doctors believe gallbladder surgery is safe, but some problems can still arise. These may include: Problems with anesthesia Infection Bleeding Swelling Bile leakage Damage to a bile duct Damage to your intestine, bowel, or blood vessels Deep vein thrombosis (blood clots) Heart problems Pneumonia You also run the risk of a problem doctors call âpost-cholecystectomy syndromeâ ( PCS). It can happen if any gallstones are left in your bile ducts or bile happens to leak into your stomach. The symptoms of PCS are similar to those of gallstones. They include belly pain, heartburn, and diarrhea.
Question: What should you know about getting surgery for gallstones?
Answer: About 80% of people who have gallstones will need surgery. Doctors can remove your gallbladder in one of two ways: Open surgery: During this procedure, your surgeon will make a 5- to 7-inch incision (cut) on your belly to take out your gallbladder. And even if your gallstones do go away, there's a chance they'll return. It can happen if any gallstones are left in your bile ducts or bile happens to leak into your stomach. The length of time it takes you to heal depends on the type of surgery you have. Most people who have it are able to go home from the hospital the same day.
Question: When do you need surgery for gallstones?
Answer: You'll need open surgery if you have a bleeding disorder. You'll only need it if a stone goes into, or blocks, one of your bile ducts. This causes what doctors call a âgallbladder attack.â It's an intense, knife-like pain in your belly that can last several hours.
Question: How is laparoscopic cholecystectomy done for gallstones?
Answer: Doctors can remove your gallbladder in one of two ways: Open surgery: During this procedure, your surgeon will make a 5- to 7-inch incision (cut) on your belly to take out your gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Doctors also call this âkeyhole surgery.â Your surgeon doesn't make a big opening in your belly. Instead, he makes four small cuts. Next, he'll insert special tools to remove the diseased organ.
Question: How should I clean up my cat’s vomit?
Answer: 3 -- Vomit Like humans, cats vomit. Unlike humans, they don't do it in the toilet. Try to clean the mess before it sets to avoid odors and stubborn stains. If the vomit is solid, pick it up with a paper towel. Then scrub the area with a pet-safe deodorizing cleaner. If the vomit is loose, scrape it into one pile with a plastic spoon. Blot the area with paper towels. Then use a deodorizer or pet stain-and-odor remover. You may need to clean stubborn stains or odors more than once.
Question: How can I help stop my cat from spraying urine?
Answer: To stop your cat from spraying, try a pheromone product. It smells like your cat's natural scent. One whiff, and he'll have no reason to mark his territory again.
Question: How should I clean up my cat’s poop?
Answer: 2 -- Poop Cat poop may be smellier than urine, but it's easier to get off your floor. Wear gloves. Cat feces may contain a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a disease that's especially dangerous to pregnant women. If you're pregnant, let your partner clean up the mess. Pick up the poop with paper towels. Throw it out in the same place you toss your litter box scoopings. Rinse the area with cool water and blot dry. Apply an enzyme-based pet stain-and-odor remover.
Question: How should I clean up my cat’s urine sprays and stains?
Answer: Don't use any ammonia-based cleaning products. They smell like cat pee, which may entice kitty to re-mark the spot. Soak the area with carpet cleaner or a few drops of dish detergent mixed with water. Let it sit for 1 to 2 hours. Rinse with a wet sponge. The next day, spray the area with an enzymatic cleaner such as A. O. E. ( Animal Odor Eliminator), Elim- Odor Feline, or F. O. N. ( Feline Odor Neutralizer). Keep your cat away until the area dries. Blot the area with paper towels.
Question: Why would a cat not use the litter box and make a mess on the floor or carpet?
Answer: 1 -- Urine Sprays and Stains Cats don't always aim straight for the litter box. When your cat leaves a "present" on the carpet, he could be spraying to mark his territory or objecting to the litter box’s location or cleanliness. Whatever your cat's reason for peeing on the carpet, it's going to stink if you don't clean it up quickly. Cats can sniff out areas they've marked and target them again. If your cat soils your carpets and never did this before, or she constantly soils the carpets, call your vet. It could be a sign of a health problem that needs attention.
Question: What are common signs of insomnia with untreated depression?
Answer: Common signs of insomnia include: Daytime fatigue Irritability and difficulty concentrating Sleep that never feels like "enough" Trouble falling asleep Trouble going back to sleep after waking up during the night Waking up at all hours of the night Waking up before the alarm clock goes off Alcohol and drug abuse are common among people with clinical depression.
Question: How is sleep disrupted by untreated depression?
Answer: Though the most common problem is insomnia (difficulty getting adequate sleep), people sometimes feel an increased need for sleep and experience excessive energy loss. Lack of sleep can cause some of the same symptoms as depression -- extreme tiredness, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating or making decisions. In addition, untreated depression may result in weight gain or loss, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, and irritability. Treating the depression helps the person get control over all of these depression symptoms.
Question: What are warning signs of suicide with untreated depression?
Answer: Warning signs of suicide include: Talking, writing, or thinking about killing or hurting oneself or threatening to do so Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Having a "death wish;" tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death -- for example, driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, or changing a will Saying things like "it would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Suddenly visiting or calling people one cares about Talking about suicide Increase in drinking alcohol or using drugs Writing a suicidal note Watching well publicized murder and/or suicide reports in the media Conducting on-line searches on ways to commit suicide Seeking methods to kill oneself, such as getting a gun or pills For in depth information, see Web MD's Depression and Suicide.
Question: Why is untreated depression considered to be a disability?
Answer: Depression can render people disabled in their work life, family life, and social life. Left untreated, clinical depression is as costly as heart disease or AIDS to the U. S. economy. Untreated depression is responsible for more than 200 million days lost from work each year. The annual cost of untreated depression is more than $43.7 billion in absenteeism from work, lost productivity, and direct treatment costs.
Question: How does untreated depression affect my family?
Answer: Living with a depressed person is very difficult and stressful for family members and friends. It's often helpful to have a family member involved in the evaluation and treatment of a depressed relative. Sometimes marital or even family therapy is indicated.
Question: Are the signs of untreated depression in men different from those in women?
Answer: Men who have untreated clinical depression may exhibit more anger, frustration, and violent behavior than women. In addition, men with untreated depression may take dangerous risks such as reckless driving and having unsafe sex. Men are not aware that physical symptoms, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain, can be symptoms of depression.
Question: What should you know about untreated depression?
Answer: Clinical depression affects the way you eat and sleep. It affects the way you feel about yourself and those around you. It even affects your thoughts. People who are depressed cannot simply âpull themselves togetherâ and be cured. Without proper treatment, including antidepressants and/or psychotherapy, untreated clinical depression can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression. There is mounting evidence that clinical depression takes a serious toll on physical health. Signs of drug and alcohol abuse include: Inability to maintain personal relationships Secretive alcohol use Self-pity Tremors Unexplained memory loss Unwillingness to talk about drugs or alcohol Those who suffer depression and abuse drugs or alcohol may need very specialized treatment. Left untreated, clinical depression is as costly as heart disease or AIDS to the U. S. economy. Untreated depression makes it difficult for employees to work well.