anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the common causes and treatments of diarrhea in children?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Diarrhea is the body's way of ridding itself of germs, and most episodes last a few days to a week. Diarrhea often occurs with fever, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and dehydration. Some of the most common reasons kids get diarrhea include: Infection from viruses like rotavirus, bacteria like salmonella and, rarely, parasites like giardia.
Question: When should I call my doctor about my child's diarrhea?
Answer: Severe dehydration is dangerous; it can cause seizures, brain damage, even death. Call your doctor if your child has: Dizziness and light-headedness Dry, sticky mouth Dark yellow urine, or very little or no urine Few or no tears when crying Cool, dry skin Lack of energy Diarrhea usually goes away in a few days, but it can lead to complications. Call 911 if your child: Is too weak to stand up Is confused or dizzy Call your doctor right away if your child: Seems very sick Has had diarrhea more than three days Is younger than 6 months old Is vomiting bloody green or yellow fluid Can't hold down fluids or has vomited more than two times Has a fever over 105 ° F or is under age 6 months with a fever over 100.4 ° F (determined by a rectal thermometer) Seems dehydrated Has bloody stool Is less than a month old with three or more episodes of diarrhea Passes more than four diarrhea stools in eight hours and isn't drinking enough Has a weak immune system Has a rash Has stomach pain for more than two hours Has not urinated in 6 hours if a baby or 12 hours if a child NOTE: If your infant has a fever of over 100.4 F, do not give him fever medicine.
Question: When should I call 911 about my child's diarrhea?
Answer: Severe dehydration is dangerous; it can cause seizures, brain damage, even death. Call your doctor if your child has: Dizziness and light-headedness Dry, sticky mouth Dark yellow urine, or very little or no urine Few or no tears when crying Cool, dry skin Lack of energy Diarrhea usually goes away in a few days, but it can lead to complications. Call 911 if your child: Is too weak to stand up Is confused or dizzy Call your doctor right away if your child: Seems very sick Has had diarrhea more than three days Is younger than 6 months old Is vomiting bloody green or yellow fluid Can't hold down fluids or has vomited more than two times Has a fever over 105 ° F or is under age 6 months with a fever over 100.4 ° F (determined by a rectal thermometer) Seems dehydrated Has bloody stool Is less than a month old with three or more episodes of diarrhea Passes more than four diarrhea stools in eight hours and isn't drinking enough Has a weak immune system Has a rash Has stomach pain for more than two hours Has not urinated in 6 hours if a baby or 12 hours if a child NOTE: If your infant has a fever of over 100.4 F, do not give him fever medicine.
Question: What are some less common causes of diarrhea in children?
Answer: Why do children get diarrhea more often than adults? Symptoms usually come on quickly, may include vomiting, and tend to go away within 24 hours. Treatment for food poisoning-related diarrhea is the same as for the diarrhea caused by infection: Keep your child hydrated and call your doctor with any questions. Other causes of diarrhea include irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease, food allergies, and celiac disease. If you're not sure what's causing your child's diarrhea, give your doctor a call.
Question: Does palliative care mean you are dying?
Answer: Not necessarily. It's true that palliative care does serve many people with life-threatening or terminal illnesses. But some people are cured and no longer need palliative care. Others move in and out of palliative care, as needed.
Question: What diseases can be treated with palliative care?
Answer: Today, patients with cancer, heart disease, chronic lung disease, AIDS, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), and many other serious illnesses are eligible for palliative care.
Question: What are symptoms palliative care may help?
Answer: Here are some symptoms that palliative care may address: Pain Constipation Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Bowel or bladder problems Loss of appetite, weight loss, or wasting Shortness of breath or labored breathing Coughing Depression Delirium or mental confusion Weakness Difficulty sleeping You may start palliative care at any stage of your illness, even as soon as you receive a diagnosis and begin treatment.
Question: How effective are cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of dementia?
Answer: These medicines include: Donepezil ( Aricept) Galantamine ( Razadyne, Razadyne ER, Reminyl) Rivastigmine ( Exelon) What to expect: Most people with Alzheimer's who take one of these medications get some benefit from it, including less anxiety, improved motivation, and better concentration and memory. And some are able to continue with their regular activities. But the improvements don't seem to last long -- about 6 to 12 months. They mainly delay the worsening of the disease for a period of time. All three medicines work similarly, but one might work better for your loved one than it does for someone else.
Question: What are side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of dementia?
Answer: They prescribe them for other kinds of dementia as well. Side effects: Most people don't have side effects when they take cholinesterase inhibitors, but some do have: Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite More frequent bowel movements Bruising Muscle cramps Headaches Fatigue Insomnia If your loved one has moderate to severe Alzheimer's, his doctor may prescribe him memantine ( Namenda) for his symptoms.
Question: What are side effects of memantine for the treatment of dementia?
Answer: If your loved one has Alzheimer's disease that isn't too severe yet, his doctor might prescribe him a cholinesterase inhibitor. What it does: Memantine could help improve memory, attention, reasoning, and language. Side effects: The side effects aren't as bad or as common as the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, and include: Constipation Dizziness Headache Confusion Fatigue Increased blood pressure Sleepiness
Question: Who is at risk for sleep disorders?
Answer: Anyone can get one, but they're more likely among: Middle-aged women, who are likelier to get insomnia Overweight, middle-aged men, who have a greater chance of getting sleep apnea Kids and teens are more likely to sleepwalk than other people.
Question: What are sleep disorder treatments?
Answer: If your doctor tells you that you have a sleep disorder, the treatment depends on what the disorder is and how severe it is. First, you'll probably make lifestyle changes. You'll want to improve your sleep habits, avoid caffeine and alcohol, manage your stress, and get more exercise. If you have sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a CPAP machine to help keep your breathing regular while you snooze. Losing extra weight also helps. If you take sleeping pills that don't need a prescription, you should tell your doctor if you use them for more than 2 weeks. Be sure to follow the instructions on the label.
Question: How much sleep do I need?
Answer: It depends, but adults generally need 7-8 hours per night. Kids and teens need more. The exact amount varies from person to person, based on many things, including your age. If you're drowsy or want to nap -- or even fall asleep while the sun's out -- you probably need more Zzz's at night. If your doctor tells you that you have a sleep disorder, the treatment depends on what the disorder is and how severe it is.
Question: How can you find out what you're allergic to?
Answer: Your doctor can check to see what you're reacting to, but finding the exact cause may be hard. Skin tests can only show what you're sensitive to. They can't tell what touched your skin in a specific spot on a specific day. Doctors often use the TRUE test. It's a pre-packaged set of three panels that your doctor will stick to your back. Each is smaller than a dollar bill and has 12 patches with samples of possible allergens. You wear them for 2 days. Then the doctor takes them off to see if you've had any reactions. You might need to come back a few more times, since some reactions could show up as many as 10 days later. You might be allergic to something that isn't in the standard TRUE test. To figure that out, your doctor may do more patch testing. He'll choose substances you might contact in your work, home, or hobbies. If you have a mild reaction in any patch test, you might need to follow up with a ROAT test. It works a lot like the TRUE test, but you do it yourself. Put the suspected allergen, say, sunscreen, on your skin during the day in the same spot over several days. This can help confirm or rule out your sensitivity. The dimethylglyoxime test looks for metal objects that have enough nickel to cause a reaction. Your doctor can test things in the office, or you can buy a kit to test jewelry and other items yourself.
Question: What causes skin allergies?
Answer: The most common causes of skin allergies include: Nickel, a metal used in jewelry and snaps on jeans, makeup, lotions, soaps, and shampoos Sunscreens and bug sprays Medications you put on your skin, like antibiotics or anti-itch creams Fragrances Cleaning products Plants, including poison ivy Latex, which is used in stretchy things like plastic gloves, elastic in clothing, condoms, and balloons Chemicals You're more likely to have certain skin allergies if you a have skin condition like eczema (your doctor may call it atopic dermatitis), inflammation in your lower legs because of poor circulation, itching in your private parts, or you often get swimmer's ear.
Question: How is contact dermatitis treated?
Answer: The best method is prevention. Find out what causes your rash and avoid it. You may need to wear gloves to protect your skin. When you do have a reaction, try to ease the symptoms and prevent an infection. Don't scratch, even though that's a hard urge to resist. Over-the-counter products and home remedies can help relieve the itching and stop the swelling. Try these: Hydrocortisone cream Ointments like calamine lotion Antihistamines Cold compresses Oatmeal baths Talk to your doctor about what's best for your specific rash. For example, corticosteroids are good for poison ivy, oak, and sumac. He can prescribe stronger medicines if needed, too.
Question: What is the outlook like for contact dermatitis?
Answer: Doctors often use the TRUE test. But you'll still be allergic, and the redness and itching could come back if your skin touches the wrong thing. Most skin allergies aren't life-threatening. But in some rare cases, a severe reaction called anaphylaxis might quickly spread throughout your body and make it hard to breathe. Call 911 if your lips start to swell or itch or you feel short of breath.
Question: What increases the chance of high blood pressure for African-Americans?
Answer: Being African- American is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure. Others include: Increased age Excessive weight A family history of high blood pressure Having diabetes Inactivity High dietary salt and fat Low intake of potassium Smoking The more risk factors you have, the more likely it is that you have high blood pressure or will develop it in the future.
Question: How does high blood pressure affect African-Americans differently?
Answer: These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease.
Question: Why does high blood pressure affect African-Americans differently?
Answer: To date, researchers do not have a definitive answer to this question, but some believe that high blood pressure in African- Americans may be triggered by the following factors: Genetic factors. Blacks in the U. S. also seem to be more sensitive to salt, which increases the risk of developing high blood pressure. In addition, black people in the U. S are more likely to be overweight than blacks in other countries. Some experts think that social and economic factors -- including discrimination and economic inequality -- are responsible for this difference.
Question: Why does the color of your clothes matter when it comes to avoiding tick bites?
Answer: This makes it even harder for ticks to find their way to your skin.
Question: What chemicals that are in tick repellents have unknown effects on pregnancy?
Answer: It's also unclear how the chemicals that are often used in tick repellents can affect the rest of your pregnancy. Many of them simply haven't been studied to see if they cause birth defects. The verdict is still out on: Picaridin Oil of lemon eucalyptus ( OLE) PMD (a chemical version of OLE) 2- Undecanone IR3535 DEET is a chemical that's found in most brands of tick repellent.
Question: Are all-natural ingredients safe to use to keep ticks away during pregnancy?
Answer: These include oils from: Garlic Rosemary Lemongrass Thyme Geranium plants The effects of these ingredients on pregnancy haven't been studied, either. If you apply them to your skin according to the package directions, they're probably safe to use. Still, they don't appear to offer a strong defense against ticks and may wear off quickly. Some of the items in these natural tick repellents can be found in supplements, too. Be aware that taking them by mouth won't help you repel ticks and could harm your baby.
Question: When should you check for ticks?
Answer: Do tick checks after coming indoors. Use a full-length or hand mirror to look under your arms, around your ears, behind your knees, under your hair, inside your belly button, between your legs and around your waist. Don't forget to check children, pets, and garden and lawn tools.
Question: How soon should you shower after going outside to prevent tick bites?
Answer: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks and closed-toe shoes â sorry, no sandals -- if you'll be in an area where ticks live. Use tweezers to remove ticks. If you remove a tick within 24 hours after it attaches to you, your chances of getting sick are low.
Question: What are the risks of a tick bite?
Answer: The verdict is still out on: Picaridin Oil of lemon eucalyptus ( OLE) PMD (a chemical version of OLE) 2- Undecanone IR3535 DEET is a chemical that's found in most brands of tick repellent. Some of the items in these natural tick repellents can be found in supplements, too. Remember: just because you've been bitten by a tick doesn't mean you'll get Lyme disease.
Question: Should you use tweezers to remove ticks?
Answer: Use tweezers to remove ticks. Grab hold of the tick as close to your skin as you can and gently pull it away. Wash the area where the tick was, as well as your hands.
Question: When should I see a doctor about my IBS?
Answer: You think you've got it under control when along comes a new symptom, or the ones you already have just won't go away. Should you make a doctor's appointment or wait it out? If you're not sure, it's always best to get it checked. Whenever you have a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome that lasts a long time, or if you get a new symptom, see your doctor. If you usually take over-the-counter medications but now they don't ease problems like diarrhea, gas, or cramping, you also need to see a doctor.
Question: Are fever, vomiting, and anemia related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: If you have one or more, or think you do, you should call your doctor. Any of these problems could point to another, more serious condition. Your doctor can help you figure out what's going on. Even if you don't think the problem is physically part of IBS, but it bothers you, tell your doctor. For example, if you're stressed out or anxious about it, or if you're losing sleep over the problem, let your doctor know.
Question: Is weight loss related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: If you find you're losing weight for no reason, it's time to get it checked out.
Question: How does weight loss affect irritable bowel syndrome?
Answer: If you find you're losing weight for no reason, it's time to get it checked out.
Question: Is rectal bleeding a part of IBS?
Answer: It could just be a side effect from your irritable bowel syndrome constipation, caused by a tear in your anus. The bleeding also might be caused by a hemorrhoid. But if you have a large amount of blood in your stool, or if the bleeding just won't go away, you should get medical attention as soon as possible.
Question: Does acupuncture work as treatment for epilepsy?
Answer: In this traditional Chinese therapy, a practitioner places thin needles into your skin at various points around your body. Though acupuncture is helpful for problems like arthritis pain and headaches, it doesn't seem to improve epilepsy. One review of studies found acupuncture doesn't reduce the number of seizures people get. Acupuncture is safe when it's done correctly. If you do try this treatment, make sure the practitioner is licensed in your state and has experience treating epilepsy.
Question: How does yoga work as a complementary and alternative therapy for epilepsy?
Answer: Studies show yoga could help cut the number of seizures you get and improve your overall well-being. Meditation.
Question: Does exercise help with epilepsy?
Answer: A walk, swim, or game of tennis increases the amount your body makes of mood-boosting chemicals called endorphins. Exercise also calms the abnormal electrical brain activity that triggers seizures. Let your doctor know before you start any new exercise program. Avoid activities that could be dangerous if you have a seizure -- like scuba diving or skiing. And wear a medical alert bracelet, just in case you do have a seizure while you work out.
Question: Does meditation help with epilepsy?
Answer: In this relaxation technique, you breathe deeply, sometimes while repeating a word or phrase. Meditation helps steer your mind away from thoughts that stress you out. One form in particular, mindfulness meditation, might reduce seizures and improve mood in people with epilepsy.
Question: Does ketogenic diet work to treat epilepsy?
Answer: Normally, your body uses carbs for energy. The ketogenic diet is high in fat and low in carbs, so it forces your body to burn fat for energy instead of carbs. Ketones are substances your body makes when it breaks down fat for energy. The ketogenic diet has been used to treat epilepsy for nearly 100 years. Studies show it helps prevent seizures in children whose epilepsy isn't well-controlled with medicine. This diet might also help adults with epilepsy, but more research is needed. The main side effect is stomach upset.
Question: What complementary and alternative therapies work for epilepsy?
Answer: Some people with epilepsy turn to complementary therapies like acupuncture, vitamins, and supplements, and stress-relief techniques to help manage seizures. There isn't a lot of research to show whether many of these treatments work. If you're thinking of trying one, always check with your doctor to make sure it's safe for you. And use them only as an add-on to your regular epilepsy treatment -- not as a replacement for it.
Question: Does biofeedback help with epilepsy?
Answer: This diet might also help adults with epilepsy, but more research is needed. In biofeedback, a machine called an electroencephalogram ( EEG) lets you see the electrical activity in your brain. Over time, you learn how to control functions in your body that normally happen without you thinking about them -- like your breathing and heart rate. Some early research shows that biofeedback might help reduce seizures in people with epilepsy.
Question: How does your eye get its color?
Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.
Question: What causes differently colored eyes?
Answer: The condition is called heterochromia iridis, and it affects the iris, the colored part of your eye. Most of the time, it doesn't cause any problems. It's often just a color quirk that's caused by genes inherited from parents or by a problem that happened when the eyes were being formed. In rare cases, though, it can be a symptom of something else. It could be a health problem or a condition a person was born with. It's common in some animals but rare in humans. It affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.
Question: What are some disorders that are linked to heterochromia?
Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.
Question: What is acquired heterochromia?
Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.
Question: How does melanin affect the eyes?
Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.
Question: How can glaucoma cause heterochromia?
Answer: Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that.
Question: When should I talk to your doctor about differently colored eyes?
Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.
Question: When should you talk to your doctor about heterochromia in infants?
Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).
Question: How can eye cancer cause heterochromia?
Answer: Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.