anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are side effects of bile acid drugs for lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Examples: Alirocumab ( Praluent) Evolocumab ( Repatha) Side effects: Because these drugs are newer, it will take more time to get to know their side effects. In clinical trials, the most common ones for alirocumab are itching, swelling, pain, or bruising where you get the shot, as well as colds and flu.
Question: What are side effects of taking niacin for "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Side effects: The main ones are flushing, itching, tingling, and headache.
Question: What should you do to lower "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: When you have high cholesterol, the first thing to do is to change your diet and fitness: less saturated fat, no trans fat, less sugar, and more activity. If that doesn't bring down your âbadâ ( LDL) cholesterol enough, your doctor may suggest that you also take medicine to help out. ( You'll still need to keep up those lifestyle habits.)
Question: What are the side effects of PCSK9 inhibitors for lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Examples: Alirocumab ( Praluent) Evolocumab ( Repatha) Side effects: Because these drugs are newer, it will take more time to get to know their side effects. In clinical trials, the most common ones for alirocumab are itching, swelling, pain, or bruising where you get the shot, as well as colds and flu. For evolucumab, they include colds, flu, back pain, and skin reactions where you get the shot.
Question: Why should you avoid grapefruit while taking statins for lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: You should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice when you take statins. Grapefruit makes it harder for your body to use these medicines.
Question: What are statins?
Answer: These are usually the first type of drug that doctors prescribe to lower LDL. They also lower triglycerides, which are another type of blood fat, and mildly raise your "good" ( HDL) cholesterol. Statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol) Lovastatin Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Studies show that statins lower the chance of a âcardiovascular eventâ such as a heart attack.
Question: What are bile acid resin drugs?
Answer: What they are: Your doctor may call these âbile acid resinâ drugs or âbile acid sequestrants.â The work inside your intestine. They attach to bile from the liver and prevent it from being absorbed back into your blood. Bile is made largely from cholesterol, so these drugs whittle down the body's supply of cholesterol.
Question: What are PCSK9 inhibitors for lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Examples include: Fenofibrate Gemfibrozil ( Lopid) What they are: These drugs are used in people who can't manage their cholesterol through lifestyle and statin treatments. They block a protein called PCSK9 to make it easier for the body to remove LDL from your blood.
Question: What are side effects of taking statins to lower "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Side effects can include intestinal problems, liver damage (rare), and muscle inflammation. High blood sugar and type 2 diabetes may also be more likely with statins, although the risk is âsmallâ and the benefits outweigh the risks, according to the FDA. Statins drugs may also interact with other medications you take. Your doctor should check on that first.
Question: Do statins lower the chance of a heart attack?
Answer: Statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol) Lovastatin Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Studies show that statins lower the chance of a âcardiovascular eventâ such as a heart attack.
Question: Who uses PCSK9 inhibitors for lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol?
Answer: Examples include: Fenofibrate Gemfibrozil ( Lopid) What they are: These drugs are used in people who can't manage their cholesterol through lifestyle and statin treatments. You get them as a shot every 2 weeks. Examples: Alirocumab ( Praluent) Evolocumab ( Repatha) Side effects: Because these drugs are newer, it will take more time to get to know their side effects.
Question: What should I know about getting extra potassium to treat hypokalemia?
Answer: You can get more potassium by taking supplements. Most of these you can take by mouth. In some cases it's necessary to get your potassium injected by IV. For example: If your potassium level is dangerously low If taking supplements don't raise your potassium levels If your low potassium levels cause abnormal heart rhythms When your hypokalemia is a result of another medical condition, your doctor will help you treat that.
Question: How is hypokalemia treated?
Answer: For example: If your potassium level is dangerously low If taking supplements don't raise your potassium levels If your low potassium levels cause abnormal heart rhythms When your hypokalemia is a result of another medical condition, your doctor will help you treat that. If you have low potassium because of diuretics, he may take you off them. Sometimes that makes the condition go away. Always check with your doctor before you stop any medicine. Also, ask him before you take any potassium supplements. This might cause too much potassium to build up in your system, which could lead to hyperkalemia.
Question: What are less common causes of hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)?
Answer: Most commonly, you get hypokalemia when: You vomit a lot You have diarrhea Your kidneys or adrenal glands don't work well You take medication that makes you pee (water pills or diuretics) It's possible, but rare, to get hypokalemia from having too little potassium in your diet. Other things sometimes cause it, too, like: Drinking too much alcohol Sweating a lot Folic acid deficiency Certain antibiotics Diabetic ketoacidosis (high levels of acids called ketones in your blood) Laxatives taken over a long period of time Certain types of tobacco Some asthma medications Low magnesium Several syndromes can be associated with low potassium, such as: Cushing's syndrome Gitelman syndrome Liddle syndrome Bartter syndrome Fanconi syndrome Women tend to get hypokalemia more often than men.
Question: What syndromes are linked to hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)?
Answer: Other things sometimes cause it, too, like: Drinking too much alcohol Sweating a lot Folic acid deficiency Certain antibiotics Diabetic ketoacidosis (high levels of acids called ketones in your blood) Laxatives taken over a long period of time Certain types of tobacco Some asthma medications Low magnesium Several syndromes can be associated with low potassium, such as: Cushing's syndrome Gitelman syndrome Liddle syndrome Bartter syndrome Fanconi syndrome Women tend to get hypokalemia more often than men.
Question: How is hypokalemia diagnosed?
Answer: You will need a blood test for your doctor to find out if you have hypokalemia. He will ask you about your health history. You may take a urine test so your doctor can find out if you're losing potassium when you pee. Since low potassium sometimes can affect your blood pressure, your doctor will check that, too. He also may want to do an electrocardiogram ( EKG) if he thinks you may have arrhythmia. This is one of the more serious side effects, and might change the way your doctor chooses to treat the problem.
Question: What are more common causes of hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)?
Answer: If you have hypokalemia, that means you have low levels of potassium in your blood. It may be because too much potassium is leaving through your digestive tract. It's usually a symptom of another problem. Most commonly, you get hypokalemia when: You vomit a lot You have diarrhea Your kidneys or adrenal glands don't work well You take medication that makes you pee (water pills or diuretics) It's possible, but rare, to get hypokalemia from having too little potassium in your diet.
Question: What are symptoms of hypokalemia?
Answer: If your problem is temporary, or you're only slightly hypokalemic, you might not feel any symptoms. Once your potassium levels fall below a certain level, you might experience: Weakness Fatigue Muscle cramps or twitching Constipation Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythms) Hypokalemia can affect your kidneys. You may have to go to the bathroom more often. You may also feel thirsty. In some cases it's necessary to get your potassium injected by IV.
Question: When should  you call the doctor about problems after you have a hysteroscopy?
Answer: Just like any medical procedure, you could have some complications from a hysteroscopy, including: Problems from the anesthesia Infection Tearing or damage to your cervix, though this is rare Problems with gas or fluid from the uterus Damage to nearby organs like the bladder, bowel, or ovaries Pelvic inflammatory disease If you experience symptoms like a fever, severe abdominal pain, or heavy bleeding after the procedure, call your doctor immediately or go to the emergency room.
Question: How is a hysteroscopy done?
Answer: A hysteroscopy can either be in a hospital or at your doctor's office. You can be either awake or under general anesthesia during the procedure. If you're awake, your doctor will give you medicine to help you relax. She'll also use medication or tools called dilators to help open your cervix. She'll likely use a tool called a speculum to keep your vagina open. If you've ever had a Pap smear, your doctor has probably used one during that procedure, too. Next, she'll gently insert the hysteroscope through the cervix into your uterus. Then she'll push gas or a liquid-like saline through the hysteroscope into your uterus to expand it. This will give her a clear view of its lining and the opening of your fallopian tubes through the hysteroscope.
Question: What will happen during a hysteroscopy?
Answer: During a hysteroscopy, your doctor inserts a hysteroscope -- a thin tube with light on the end -- into your vagina. She'll be able to see into your cervix and inside your uterus. If she finds anything abnormal, she can take a sample for later testing.
Question: When do you get hysteroscopy?
Answer: If you're awake, your doctor will give you medicine to help you relax. This will give her a clear view of its lining and the opening of your fallopian tubes through the hysteroscope.
Question: What are the symptoms of a corneal ulcer?
Answer: Red eye Severe pain Feeling that something is in your eye Tears Pus or thick discharge draining from your eye Blurry vision Pain when looking at bright lights Swollen eyelids A white round spot on the cornea that is visible with the naked eye if the ulcer is very large Change in vision Severe pain Feeling that there is something in your eye Obvious discharge draining from your eye History of scratches to the eye or exposure to chemicals or flying particles Because corneal ulcers are a serious problem, you should see your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).
Question: Is surgery done for corneal ulcers?
Answer: If the ulcer cannot be controlled with medications or if it threatens to perforate the cornea, you may require an emergency surgical procedure known as corneal transplant.
Question: What is a corneal ulcer?
Answer: Scratches on the edge of your contact lens can scrape the cornea's surface and make it more open to bacterial infections.
Question: What is the outlook for people with a corneal ulcer?
Answer: Discard and replace the contact lenses at the interval specified by your doctor A corneal ulcer is a true emergency. Without treatment, the ulcer can spread to the rest of your eyeball, and you can become partially or completely blind in a very short period of time. Your cornea may also perforate, or you could develop scarring, cataracts, or glaucoma. With the proper treatment, corneal ulcers should improve within 2-3 weeks. If scars from previous corneal ulcers impair vision, a corneal transplant may be needed to restore normal vision.
Question: When should you seek medical care for a  corneal ulcer?
Answer: Red eye Severe pain Feeling that something is in your eye Tears Pus or thick discharge draining from your eye Blurry vision Pain when looking at bright lights Swollen eyelids A white round spot on the cornea that is visible with the naked eye if the ulcer is very large Change in vision Severe pain Feeling that there is something in your eye Obvious discharge draining from your eye History of scratches to the eye or exposure to chemicals or flying particles Because corneal ulcers are a serious problem, you should see your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).
Question: How can contact lenses damage your cornea?
Answer: Contact lenses can damage your cornea in many ways. Scratches on the edge of your contact lens can scrape the cornea's surface and make it more open to bacterial infections. Similarly, tiny particles of dirt trapped underneath the contact lens can scratch the cornea. Bacteria may be on the lens or in your cleaning solutions and, thus, get trapped on the undersurface of the lens. If your lenses are left in your eyes for long periods of time, these bacteria can multiply and cause damage to the cornea. Wearing lenses for extended periods of time can also block oxygen to the cornea, making it more susceptible to infections.
Question: What causes corneal ulcers?
Answer: Viral infections are also possible causes of corneal ulcers. Tiny tears to the cornea may also cause corneal ulcers. These tears can come from direct trauma; scratches; or particles, such as sand, glass, or small pieces of steel. Disorders that cause dry eyes can leave your eye without the germ-fighting protection of tears and cause ulcers. Disorders that affect the eyelid and prevent your eye from closing completely, such as Bell's palsy, can dry your cornea and make it more vulnerable to ulcers. Chemical burns or other caustic (damaging) solution splashes can injure the cornea.
Question: What medications are used to treat corneal ulcers?
Answer: Bacterial infections cause corneal ulcers and are common in people who wear contact lenses. Pain can also be controlled with special eyedrops that keep your pupil dilated. If the ulcer cannot be controlled with medications or if it threatens to perforate the cornea, you may require an emergency surgical procedure known as corneal transplant. If you do not need hospitalization, your ophthalmologist will prescribe eyedrops and pain medications for you to take regularly at home.
Question: What happens during a viral culture test for herpes?
Answer: For this test, your doctor scrapes or swabs one of your sores to take a sample. A lab then checks the sample for the herpes virus. It can take up to 7 days to get your results. This test is best used within 48 hours of when you first see symptoms. After that time, the level of herpes virus starts to drop. That means there's a higher chance the test could say you don't have herpes when you really do.
Question: What results should I expect from a herpes test?
Answer: You get genital herpes by having sex -- vaginal, oral, or anal -- with someone who already has it. A ânegativeâ viral culture or PCR result could mean you don't have genital herpes. You don't need to do anything to prepare for these tests. A small amount of blood is sent to a lab that then checks it for herpes âantibodies.â Those are something your body makes to fight the virus. You might get a blood test if you think you have been exposed but you don't have any symptoms.
Question: What are tests that a doctor administers to check for herpes?
Answer: You get genital herpes by having sex -- vaginal, oral, or anal -- with someone who already has it. To check for herpes, your doctor usually does a physical exam and then likely orders one of these tests: Viral culture Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) test Blood test If you get a âpositiveâ result from the viral culture or PCR tests, it likely means you have herpes.
Question: What happens during a blood test for herpes?
Answer: For this test, your doctor scrapes or swabs one of your sores to take a sample. A lab then checks the sample for the herpes virus. You might get a blood test if you think you have been exposed but you don't have any symptoms. Labs may use different types of blood tests. With some you can get results the same day, but others may take up to 3 weeks.
Question: What is a genital herpes, and how do I get infected with it?
Answer: Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease. It's caused by two different viruses called herpes simplex type 1 ( HSV-1) and herpes simplex type 2 ( HSV-2). You get genital herpes by having sex -- vaginal, oral, or anal -- with someone who already has it. Talk to your doctor about getting tested. You might get a blood test if you think you have been exposed but you don't have any symptoms.
Question: What are the signs and symptoms of genital herpes?
Answer: You get genital herpes by having sex -- vaginal, oral, or anal -- with someone who already has it. If symptoms do show up, you might first feel tingling or burning near your genitals. You might then get blisters around your genitals, anus, thighs, or buttocks. They usually won't leave any scars. You might get a blood test if you think you have been exposed but you don't have any symptoms. With some you can get results the same day, but others may take up to 3 weeks.
Question: What happens during a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for herpes?
Answer: For this test, your doctor scrapes or swabs one of your sores to take a sample. A lab then checks the sample for the herpes virus. This test is best used within 48 hours of when you first see symptoms. You're more likely to get this test if you have symptoms but it's been longer than 48 hours since they showed up.
Question: Should I take my genital herpes during pregnancy?
Answer: Women taking antiviral drugs for herpes -- either daily suppressive therapy or occasional therapy for outbreaks -- should consult their doctor about whether to take the drugs during pregnancy. The answer is not set in stone: You and your doctor have to discuss the risks and benefits to decide what's right for you.
Question: How can genital herpes be avoided while pregnant?
Answer: Pregnant women with genital herpes should be careful -- but not overly worried -- about passing the virus on to the baby. Unless you know for sure that your partner is herpes free, avoid sex altogether during the third trimester. If your partner gets cold sores (oral herpes), he or she should not perform oral sex on you during this time. Some doctors think all women should be tested for herpes when they get pregnant, especially if their sex partners have herpes. Ask your doctor if you or your partner should be tested.
Question: What are the effects of radiation treatment for testicular cancer?
Answer: This treatment uses X-rays or other high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. Radiation may make you feel very tired. You may throw up -- or feel like you're going to -- or have diarrhea. These are side effects. If you have a testicle left, doctors will try to protect it during radiation. But the treatment can affect your sperm count. There's a bigger chance you will be infertile afterward. As with surgery, you might want to ask your doctor about banking your sperm before you start radiation.
Question: Do I have to go back for follow-up tests after testicular cancer treatment?
Answer: Your follow-ups usually will be scheduled every few months in the first few years, then less often over time. You can expect to get blood tests, scans, and other procedures to make sure your cancer hasn't come back.
Question: What lifestyle changes can I make to help with testicular cancer treatment?
Answer: Good eating habits, sleep, and exercise can also help you through treatment. If you smoke, you'll probably want to ask your doctor for help quitting.
Question: Will I survive testicular cancer?
Answer: About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after it's diagnosed. That gives you plenty of room to think about your life after surgery.
Question: Can I still have sex if my lymph nodes are removed from testicular cancer?
Answer: If your doctor found that your cancer spread beyond the testicle, he may have taken out some of the lymph nodes in your abdomen as well. The procedure has a longer recovery and a higher chance of complications than removing a testicle. But you can still get erections and have sex after this kind of surgery.
Question: How can my doctor help me if my testicles are removed from testicular cancer?
Answer: If you still hope to father children, you might want to talk to your doctor about saving, or âbanking,â some of your sperm before surgery. Testosterone supplements, most often given through injections, skin patches or a gel, can boost levels of that hormone.
Question: Can I get a fake testicle if mine is removed because of testicular cancer?
Answer: After surgery, you may have concerns about how you look to a sexual partner, or in a locker room. Some men who have a testicle removed get a prosthetic, or artificial, testicle. A doctor can place one in the scrotum so you'll look and feel more like you did before. Most of these are made of silicone rubber on the outside. Inside they are filled with either saline, which is salt water, or a silicone gel.
Question: Can lymph node removal cause issues with sex?
Answer: One possible problem is your nerves that control ejaculation during sex might be damaged. If that happens, it can cause something called retrograde ejaculation: Your semen spurts backward into the bladder instead of forward through the penis. Doctors have found ways of avoiding those nerves. Talk with your doctor about this before surgery.
Question: Can you still father children if you have had testicular cancer?
Answer: If you had just one testicle taken out, you should be able to get erect and have sex after you recover. If both of them have to be removed, you can no longer make sperm or father children. And since the testicles also make the male hormone testosterone, you might have a lower sex drive.
Question: What happens if I get a woman pregnant and I have testicular cancer?
Answer: If you need chemotherapy or radiation after surgery, you should not try to get a woman pregnant. There's a greater chance of birth defects or health problems while you're going for treatments. You may want to wear a condom. Once your treatment is done, the chance of childbirth problems goes back to normal. Ask your doctor about how long to wait before trying to father a baby.
Question: Where can I go for support if I have testicular cancer?
Answer: Life with cancer can bring up strong emotions, even if your treatment goes well. You might have scars, lose your hair, lose weight or strength, or watch your body change in other ways that affect your mood. There are many groups that can connect you with people who have gone through the same thing. They can give advice, help you learn more about your illness or just provide moral support.
Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for testicular cancer?
Answer: The side effects of chemo can differ from one person to another, but you might: Feel sick in your stomach Lose hair Have less energy Have more chance of infection Have problems with your kidneys, lungs, or nerves Your doctor has ways to ease these. Talk with him about that before you start treatment.
Question: How can family therapist help?
Answer: Some of the things that family therapists can help with are: Conflicts between family members Substance abuse or addiction A family member's mental illness Financial problems or disagreements about money Problems in school Difficulties between siblings Children's behavior problems Caring for a family member with special needs Issues with extended family members A family member's illness or a death in the family Infidelity Separation or divorce How to plan for shared custody of children First, your therapist will talk to everyone in the family to help her understand what's going on.