anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: People who have psoriasis seem likely to have other conditions linked to inflammation like heart disease, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. One study found that one in 10 women with psoriasis also have a form of inflammatory bowel disease. Two of the biologic drugs used to treat psoriasis can cause these illnesses or make them worse. If you're affected by this, talk with your doctor before you try brodalumab ( Siliq), ixekizumab ( Taltz), or secukinumab ( Cosentyx).
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you are pregnant?
Answer: That can let it build up to dangerous levels. Steroid creams also appear to be safe. But you should avoid tazarotene, a topical retinoid made from vitamin A. Retinoids in pill form are extremely dangerous if you're pregnant. Acitretin can cause serious birth defects. Because it stays in your system a while, you shouldn't try to get pregnant for at least 3 years after you take it. Methotrexate can also cause a miscarriage or birth defects. Men should wait at least 3 months and women 4 months after stopping it before they try to have a baby. Biologic drugs haven't been studied in pregnant women, so talk with your doctor about them. You can pass some medicines to your baby through breast milk. Don't take apremilast, cyclosporine, or methotrexate while you're nursing, and don't use steroid creams on your breasts. Light therapy that uses UVB rays is safe when you're pregnant, but the method called PUVA can cause birth defects. It combines medicine called psoralen with exposure to UVA rays. Women and men shouldn't use this if they're trying to conceive, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding shouldn't, either. Treating your psoriasis can improve your mood. But some psoriasis medications, like apremilast and brodalumab, may make depression worse.
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have cancer?
Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. So you shouldn't take systemic psoriasis drugs if you're getting cancer treatment. People with skin cancer also should avoid light therapy, which exposes your skin to ultraviolet rays. Psoriasis may make you more likely to have certain kinds of cancer, like lymphoma and skin cancer. Systemic drugs also appear to raise your risk of these.
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have a weak immune system?
Answer: Radiation and chemotherapy weaken your immune system. When you take a drug that slows down your immune system, like cyclosporine, methotrexate, or biologic drugs, your body can't fight off infection like it normally would.
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have kidney disease?
Answer: Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious. If you have severe kidney problems, you shouldn't take acitretin, cyclosporine, or methotrexate, and you should take a smaller-than-normal dose of apremilast ( Otezla).
Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have an infection?
Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. If you have an active serious infection, you shouldn't take these. You should also be tested to see if you've been exposed to tuberculosis or are carrying hepatitis B. Many antibiotics that treat infections shouldn't be taken with systemic drugs. Some change how well your body absorbs the psoriasis drug. Others keep your kidneys from flushing the medicine from your system. That can let it build up to dangerous levels.
Question: What is a tumor?
Answer: A tumor is a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. Normally, the cells in your body age, die, and are replaced by new cells. With cancer and other tumors, something disrupts this cycle. Tumor cells grow, even though the body does not need them, and unlike normal old cells, they don't die. As this process goes on, the tumor continues to grow as more and more cells are added to the mass.
Question: What's the difference between benign and malignant brain tumors?
Answer: Benign brain tumors are noncancerous. Malignant primary brain tumors are cancers that originate in the brain, typically grow faster than benign tumors, and aggressively invade surrounding tissue. Although brain cancer rarely spreads to other organs, it can spread to other parts of the brain and central nervous system. Benign brain tumors usually have clearly defined borders and usually are not deeply rooted in brain tissue. This makes them easier to surgically remove, assuming they are in an area of the brain that can be safely operated on. But even after they've been removed, they can still come back, although benign tumors are less likely to recur than malignant ones.
Question: What consultations are recommended to treat brain tumors in adults?
Answer: The doctor can also explain the importance of planning for rehabilitation following treatment. Rehabilitation could involve working with several different therapists, such as: Physical therapist to regain strength and balance Speech therapist to address problems with speaking, expressing thoughts, or swallowing Occupational therapist to help manage daily activities such as using the bathroom, bathing, and dressing
Question: How are brain tumors diagnosed?
Answer: To diagnose a brain tumor, the doctor starts by asking questions about your symptoms and taking a personal and family health history. Then he or she performs a physical exam, including a neurological exam. If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer.
Question: What are meningeal tumors?
Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. These form in the meninges, the thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord.
Question: How is a biopsy done to diagnose brain tumors in adults?
Answer: If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer. A tissue sample is removed from the brain either during surgery to remove the tumor or with a needle inserted through a small hole drilled into the skull before treatment is started. The sample is then sent to a lab for testing.
Question: What are other symptoms of brain tumors in adults?
Answer: Other symptoms include: Seizures Changes in speech or hearing Changes in vision Balance problems Problems with walking Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Problems with memory Personality changes Inability to concentrate Weakness in one part of the body Morning vomitting without nausea It's important to keep in mind that these symptoms can be caused by a number of different conditions. Don't assume you have a brain tumor just because you experience some of them. Check with your doctor.
Question: What are the symptoms of a brain tumor in adults?
Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. Because different areas of the brain control different functions of the body, where the tumor lies affects the way symptoms are manifested. Some tumors have no symptoms until they are quite large and then cause a serious, rapid decline in health. Other tumors may have symptoms that develop slowly. A common initial symptom of a brain tumor is headaches. Often, they don't respond to the usual headache remedies. Keep in mind that most headaches are unrelated to brain tumors.
Question: How do primary brain tumors happen?
Answer: A primary brain tumor is one that originates in the brain, and most primary brain tumors are benign. The most common types of adult brain tumors are gliomas as in astrocytic tumors. These tumors form from astrocytes and other types of glial cells, which are cells that help keep nerves healthy.
Question: What are ways to quit tobacco?
Answer: To stop using tobacco, your dentist or doctor may be able to help you calm nicotine cravings with medications, such as nicotine gum and patches. Some of these products can be purchased over the counter; others require a prescription. Other medications (such as Zyban) require a prescription. Smoking cessation classes and support groups are often used in tandem with drug therapy. These programs are offered through local hospitals in your community and sometimes through your employer or health insurance company. Ask your doctor or dentist for information on similar programs they may be familiar with. Herbal remedies, as well as hypnosis and acupuncture, are other treatments that may help you kick the habit.
Question: What kind of dental problems can you get if you smoke?
Answer: Smoking leads to dental problems, including: Bad breath Tooth discoloration Inflammation of the salivary gland openings on the roof of the mouth Increased buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth Increased loss of bone within the jaw Increased risk of leukoplakia, white patches inside the mouth Increased risk of developing gum disease, a leading cause of tooth loss Delayed healing process following tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, or oral surgery Lower success rate of dental implant procedures Increased risk of developing oral cancer Smoking and other tobacco products can lead to gum disease by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth.
Question: How does smoking lead to gum disease?
Answer: Smoking leads to dental problems, including: Bad breath Tooth discoloration Inflammation of the salivary gland openings on the roof of the mouth Increased buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth Increased loss of bone within the jaw Increased risk of leukoplakia, white patches inside the mouth Increased risk of developing gum disease, a leading cause of tooth loss Delayed healing process following tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, or oral surgery Lower success rate of dental implant procedures Increased risk of developing oral cancer Smoking and other tobacco products can lead to gum disease by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth. More specifically, it appears that smoking interferes with the normal function of gum tissue cells. This interference makes smokers more susceptible to infections, such as periodontal disease, and also seems to impair blood flow to the gums - which may affect wound healing.
Question: How can pipe and cigar smoking cause dental problems?
Answer: Yes, like cigarettes, pipes and cigars do lead to oral health problems. According to results of a 23-year long study published in the Journalof the American Dental Association, cigar smokers experience tooth loss and alveolar bone loss (bone loss within the jawbone that anchors teeth) at rates equivalent to those of cigarette smokers. Pipe smokers also have a similar risk of tooth loss as cigarette smokers. Beyond these risks, pipe and cigar smokers are still at risk for oral and pharyngeal (throat) cancers -- even if they don't inhale -- and other oral consequences -- bad breath, stained teeth, and increased risk of periodontal (gum) disease.
Question: What are the benefits of kicking the tobacco habit?
Answer: Regardless of how long you have used tobacco products, quitting now can greatly reduce serious risks to your health. Eleven years after quitting, former smokers' likelihood of having periodontal (gum) disease was not significantly different from people who never smoked. They state that: About 90% of people with cancer of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat use tobacco, and the risk of developing these cancers increases with the amount smoked or chewed and the duration of the habit. Smokers are six times more likely than nonsmokers to develop these cancers. About 37% of patients who persist in smoking after apparent cure of their cancer will develop second cancers of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, compared with only 6% of those who stop smoking.
Question: Are smokeless tobacco products less likely to harm your dental health than cigarettes?
Answer: Like cigars and cigarettes, smokeless tobacco products (for example, snuff and chewing tobacco) contain at least 28 chemicals that have been shown to increase the risk of oral cancer and cancer of the throat and esophagus. In fact, chewing tobacco contains higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes, making it harder to quit than cigarettes. Exposed roots are also more sensitive to hot and cold or other irritants, making eating and drinking uncomfortable. In addition, sugars, which are often added to enhance the flavor of smokeless tobacco, can increase your risk for tooth decay.
Question: What other things play a role in heart failure?
Answer: Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.
Question: How does a normal heart work?
Answer: When your heart is healthy, it works like a well-organized pump. It moves blood steadily through your lungs to pick up oxygen, then back out into the rest of your body. When everything goes smoothly, the right side of your heart pumps blood from the body and shuttles it over to the lungs. Meantime, the left side moves oxygen-rich blood back through the heart and out.
Question: What causes a heart attack?
Answer: Something called "coronary heart disease" sets you on the path to it. Over the course of your life, waxy plaque builds up on the insides of your blood vessels, which gradually narrows the passageway. You may hear your doctor call this process atherosclerosis. It speeds up if you're obese, you smoke, or have high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Sometimes plaque gathers in the coronary arteries -- the pipelines that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart. Sometimes all or part of the plaque breaks off the inside of your vessel wall, where it's been lodged, and causes a blood clot. If it gets big enough, it can completely cut off the blood flow through the artery. Since your blood no longer carries oxygen from the lungs to the heart, cells in the heart can die. If your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen or nutrients, it's called ischemia. When part of your heart muscle gets damaged as a result, it's called a heart attack. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis. That happens most often in people who smoke or have high cholesterol or high blood pressure.
Question: What does a heart attack feel like?
Answer: You may get some of these: Chest discomfort. You may have a sense of squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of your chest. It could last for more than a few minutes, or it might go away and come back. Pain in your upper body. You might hurt or feel uncomfortable in one or both arms or your back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. This may happen to you with or without chest discomfort. You may also break out in a cold sweat, feel nauseous, or get light-headed.
Question: Are heart failure and a heart attack different?
Answer: Whether it's heart failure or a heart attack, your ticker isn't working the way it should. But there are big differences in what causes these conditions and how they make you feel. And which one you have will guide your doctor when he makes a treatment plan. A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. When you have a heart attack, the flow of blood to your ticker is suddenly blocked. Heart failure, on the other hand, is a long-term problem. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs.
Question: What is coronary heart disease?
Answer: Over the course of your life, waxy plaque builds up on the insides of your blood vessels, which gradually narrows the passageway.
Question: What is ischemia and how can it cause a heart attack?
Answer: If your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen or nutrients, it's called ischemia. When part of your heart muscle gets damaged as a result, it's called a heart attack.
Question: Can plaque cause a heart attack?
Answer: Sometimes all or part of the plaque breaks off the inside of your vessel wall, where it's been lodged, and causes a blood clot. If it gets big enough, it can completely cut off the blood flow through the artery.
Question: Can a heart attack be caused by a severe spasm?
Answer: Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis. That happens most often in people who smoke or have high cholesterol or high blood pressure.
Question: What are the first symptoms of heart attack?
Answer: You may get some of these: Chest discomfort. You may have a sense of squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of your chest. It could last for more than a few minutes, or it might go away and come back. Pain in your upper body. You might hurt or feel uncomfortable in one or both arms or your back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. This may happen to you with or without chest discomfort. You may also break out in a cold sweat, feel nauseous, or get light-headed.
Question: How do you know if you have heart failure or a heart attack?
Answer: A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs. Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.
Question: What does heart failure feel like?
Answer: When they do appear, they can include things like: Shortness of breath Persistent cough or wheeze Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or belly Weight gain Fatigue Lack of appetite or nausea Faster heart rate Any one of these on their own may not signal heart failure, but talk to your doctor if you have more than one symptom. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis.
Question: How do you diagnose osteopenia?
Answer: Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. This makes it hard to diagnose unless you have a bone mineral density test. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends the test if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteopenia You're a man older than 50 with risk factors You break a bone after age 50 The test is painless and fast.
Question: What foods should you eat to help with osteopenia?
Answer: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. You can get calcium in: Dairy products such as yogurt, cheese, and milk (go for low-fat or nonfat varieties) Spinach and broccoli Dried beans Salmon Vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium, can be found in eggs and in oily fish such as salmon and sardines. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement.
Question: What is osteopenia?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Think of it as a midpoint between having healthy bones and having osteoporosis. Osteopenia is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis. Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. Osteopenia -- or seeing it turn into osteoporosis for that matter -- is not inevitable. This condition happens when your body gets rid of more bone than it is creating. Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition.
Question: What can you do to slow osteopenia?
Answer: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement. Weight lifting: You can do regular, weight-bearing exercises to prevent or slow osteopenia. Lifestyle changes: If you smoke, try to quit. Cut down on carbonated drinks and alcohol.
Question: Can you prevent osteopenia?
Answer: Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition. Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that's right for you.
Question: Who gets osteopenia?
Answer: Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. The exact age depends how strong your bones are when you're young. You're also more likely to get it if you're a woman. Calcium is the key to keeping bones healthy. Hormone changes that happen at menopause increase the chance for osteopenia for women, and men with lower testosterone levels have higher odds of getting it. People with this condition can damage their small intestine by eating foods with gluten in them.
Question: When do you need an MRI for knee pain?
Answer: This test can help your doctor see what might be causing your symptoms. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. Unlike an X-ray, which takes pictures of your bones, a knee MRI lets your doctor see your bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and even some blood vessels. The test can show a range of problems, including: Damaged cartilage Torn tendons or ligaments Bone fractures Osteoarthritis Infections Tumors Your doctor may also order an MRI to see if you need knee surgery, or to see how well you're healing after surgery.