anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What's the treatment for a UTI?
Answer: You'll take antibiotics for 3-7 days or as your doctor recommends. Take all of your medication on schedule anyway. Don't stop it early, even if your symptoms fade.
Question: What should you do if you get a UTI during pregnancy?
Answer: Most of these infections are limited to the bladder and urethra. But sometimes they can lead to a kidney infection. If they do, UTIs may lead to preterm labor (giving birth too early) and low birth weight. Your symptoms should go away in 3 days. If you need a lubricant when you have sex, choose a water-based one.
Question: How can someone help someone during an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
Answer: How to help: Call a doctor right away. AFib episodes rarely cause serious problems, but they'll need to get checked out with a physical exam. If they're uncomfortable or their heart is beating rapidly, call 911 or go to an emergency room. Doctors may use medications or a device called a defibrillator to help their heart go back to a normal rhythm.
Question: What are the symptoms of a stroke?
Answer: The symptoms: Remember the initials F. A. S. T. Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911 Stroke can also bring on a severe headache, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, trouble speaking, or numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How to help: Call 911.
Question: What is an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
Answer: What it is: When the heart beats irregularly, causing it to flutter, race, pound, or noticeably skip beats, that's an AFib episode.
Question: How can someone help someone who is having a heart attack?
Answer: How to help: If they have these warning signs, call 911 right away, even if you're not sure it's a heart attack. It's better to be wrong than to wait too long. The 911 operator will stay on the phone with you until help arrives. Tell them that the person has AFib. They may give you specific instructions for while you wait.
Question: How does listing medications and other health conditions for atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients help medical professionals?
Answer: To get started, make a list of their health conditions and the medications they take. That way, you can share the list with medical professionals during any emergency. If your loved one takes blood thinners, they should wear a medical bracelet or tag saying so. You'll also want to know what happens during an AFib episode, heart attack, and stroke, and the different warning signs of each.
Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
Answer: The symptoms: The main ones are discomfort, pain, pressure, or heaviness in the chest. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. Important: Women don't always have "typical" symptoms. They may vomit or feel tingling or pain in their back, shoulders, arm, or jaw.
Question: What are the symptoms of an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
Answer: The symptoms: Your loved one may be very tired and short of breath. They may feel faint, anxious, or confused.
Question: What is a heart attack?
Answer: What it is: A heart attack happens when blood doesn't flow to the organ like it should because of a blockage. This can damage its tissue and could be deadly.
Question: How can an irregular heartbeat cause complications?
Answer: When you're prepared to spot and handle what's going on, you can help your loved one get the medical care they need faster, and ease your worries, too. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion.
Question: Are there potential side effects of systemic psoriasis drugs?
Answer: At the same time, systemic psoriasis drugs can have more side effects. Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you.
Question: What are the different levels of psoriasis?
Answer: Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected.
Question: How is the severity of psoriasis divided?
Answer: If you're thinking about systemic treatment, think about how severe your psoriasis is. Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. A doctors' rule of thumb: Topical therapies can help limited psoriasis. For moderate to severe psoriasis, putting topical creams to all the skin that's affected may be unrealistic. Most doctors recommend systemic treatment, in that case. Doctors also often recommend that people still use topical creams, solutions, or ointments while taking systemic treatments. The combination leads to better results than either treatment used alone.
Question: What are the topical therapies used to treat psoriasis?
Answer: A topical therapy is any psoriasis treatment that's put on the skin. Absorption into the bloodstream and other effects to your body are minimal. Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body.
Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis?
Answer: Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. These treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Advanced psoriasis treatments include: Oral medications (pills) like acitretin ( Soriatane), apremilast ( Otezla), cyclosporine, and methotrexate Biologic therapies, including adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Remicade), ixekizumab ( Taltz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), and ustekinumab ( Stelara). These are injectable drugs. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.
Question: How can the severity of your psoriasis affect you?
Answer: Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. These are injectable drugs. Doctors and people with psoriasis don't always agree on what's mild and what's serious. Psoriasis can affect self-image and make people self-conscious. This can even lead to depression and social isolation.
Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis treatments?
Answer: These can be more effective and convenient than topicals. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.
Question: How is psychodynamic therapy different from other therapies for depression?
Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is one of three main types of therapy used to treat depression. The other two are cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) and interpersonal therapy ( IPT). With IPT the emphasis is on identifying issues and problems in interpersonal relationships and learning ways to address and improve them. Both CBT and IPT are also time-limited, short-term therapies. In psychodynamic therapy, the patient is encouraged to talk freely about whatever happens to be on his or her mind. Another distinction between the types of therapies is that psychodynamic therapy is not necessarily a short-term, time-limited treatment.
Question: What is psychodynamic therapy, and how can it help treat depression?
Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is the kind of talk therapy many people imagine when they think of psychological treatment for depression. That's because the image of the psychiatrist and patient probing the past is a staple of our popular culture. It can be found on sitcoms or in jokes. By making the unconscious elements of their life a part of their present experience, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings.
Question: How can apps help me manage my chemotherapy?
Answer: It's important to eat right when you're getting cancer treatment. Many hospitals also have websites and apps where you can make appointments, check your test results, or order prescriptions. A slew of apps can help you make sure you take your drugs on time.
Question: What are symptoms of liver disease in dogs?
Answer: Your dog's symptoms may include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Vomiting or diarrhea Increased thirst An unstable walk Increased need to pee Confusion Yellowish eyes, tongue, or gums (jaundice) Signs of weakness Blood in his pee or poop Seizures Ascites (a build-up of fluid in the belly) If your dog's liver disease isn't caught early, it can lead to a serious brain condition called hepatic encephalopathy.
Question: How do vets diagnose liver problems in dogs?
Answer: Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications. The vet may want to do blood tests and X-rays or an ultrasound to get a picture of what is going on with your dog's liver. He may also want to take a biopsy -- remove a small tissue sample for testing.
Question: What causes liver problems in dogs?
Answer: Sometimes it's genetic. But it can also be brought on by infection or trauma to the area. Some diseases and medications can hurt your dog's liver. Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications.
Question: How do you prevent liver disease in dogs?
Answer: Take him to the vet for his yearly exams and vaccinations. Make sure your vet is aware of any drugs or supplements he may take. Be mindful of what you feed your dog. Fatty foods can hurt his liver. And don't let your dog roam free in areas where there may be poisonous plants or insects.
Question: How do you treat liver disease in dogs?
Answer: Your dog's treatment will depend on how soon you catch the problem and what caused it. Your dog may need a special diet to make sure he's getting the nutrients and calories needed to help his liver. Supplements such as SAM- E or milk thistle may help the liver recover. Medications may help control his liver problems. You may also need to change your dog's other medications or reduce how much he takes. Surgery may be an option for dogs with tumors or cysts.
Question: What should I expect during pericardiocentesis?
Answer: You will get a mild sedative to relax you, but you will be conscious during the procedure. An IV (intravenous) line is inserted into your hand or arm in case fluids or medications are needed. The doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb an area on your chest. A needle will be inserted, and then a catheter (a thin plastic tube) will be threaded into the sac around your heart. The doctor may use an X-ray or echocardiogram machine to make sure the catheter is in the right spot. The doctor will then drain the fluid around your heart.
Question: Why is pericardiocentesis performed?
Answer: Your doctor uses it to: Find out if the fluid around your heart is caused by problems such as infection or cancer Relieve symptoms, like shortness of breath, that are caused by the fluid around your heart Your doctor or nurse will tell you what you can and can't eat or drink before it.
Question: What should I expect after having pericardiocentesis?
Answer: Your doctor will monitor you for several hours. If the operation isn't successful, more procedures may be needed to drain fluid from around the heart or to thin out the pericardium to relieve pressure.
Question: What are the risks of pericardiocentesis?
Answer: Pericardiocentesis, also called a pericardial tap, is a procedure in which a needle and catheter remove fluid from the pericardium, the sac around your heart. But he procedure may: Bring on an irregular heart rhythm Cause cardiac arrest Cause a heart attack Puncture the heart, liver, lung, or stomach
Question: What is mutation testing for gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
Answer: At this time, mutation testing is recommended for everyone with GIST. Testing for the Kit mutation will be positive in 87% of cases of GIST. Testing for the PDGFRA genetic mutation will be positive in 4% of GIST cases. How is this cancer staged?
Question: What does surgery for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor consist of?
Answer: The primary treatment of GIST is surgery to remove the tumor, if possible (85% of the time). Surgery is recommended for any tumor over 2 cm in size. The actual surgical procedure will differ depending on where the tumor is located. It may be done using laparoscopic or open surgical techniques. The surgeon will remove the tumor and a small area of tissue surrounding the tumor, taking care not to rupture the tumor, which would cause cancer cells to spill into the abdomen.
Question: What other treatment options are available for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor if Imatinib (Gleevec) can't be used?
Answer: If you can't take Gleevec or become resistant to it over time, another drug called sunitinib ( Sutent) is available. The drug regorafenib ( Stivarga) is used to treat patients who have tumors that cannot be surgically removed and no longer respond to Gleevec or Sutent. Other drugs such as sorafenib ( Nexavar), dasatinib ( Sprycel), and nilotinib ( Tasigna) are currently under study for GIST. Research has found that chemotherapy and radiation are not effective in the treatment of GIST.
Question: How do I know if gastrointestinal-stromal tumor cancer will return after treatment?
Answer: It's difficult to predict if GIST cancer will return. Based on tumor size and how fast it is growing, the tumor will be categorized as low, intermediate, or high risk. The location of the primary tumor also plays a role in the risk of tumor recurrence. Tumors in the stomach are less aggressive than tumors that develop elsewhere in the GI tract.
Question: What causes gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
Answer: GIST is caused by a genetic mutation, an error in the normal order of genes. In most cases, the mutation is to a gene that directs the cells to make a protein (called KIT or CD117) that causes the cells to grow and divide. In this case, the gene mutation causes the ICC cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, leading to a tumor. Risk factors for GIST include certain inherited gene mutations.
Question: What factors determine the stage of gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
Answer: Doctors use staging to determine the extent of a malignancy. These three factors determine staging: The size and location of the tumor Whether or not cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs How fast the cells are growing The chart below shows how letters and numbers are used to identify your cancer stage.
Question: What specialists should I see for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor?
Answer: Because GIST is rare and can be unpredictable, choosing the correct doctor is an important decision. There are a limited number of doctors and medical centers experienced in treating GIST. Talk to your doctor about finding a doctor who is skilled in GIST treatment. In most cases, a team of experts is assembled to treat you. These medical experts include: A cancer specialist (oncologist) A doctor specializing in treatment of the GI tract (gastroenterologist) A surgeon Take an active role in your treatment and work closely with the medical team.
Question: Which drinks help keep your mouth healthy?
Answer: The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk.
Question: Which foods are bad for your mouth?
Answer: Poor food choices include candy -- such as lollipops, hard candies, and mints -- cookies, cakes, pies, breads, muffins, potato chips, pretzels, french fries, bananas, raisins, and other dried fruits. These foods contain large amounts of sugar and/or can stick to teeth, providing a fuel source for bacteria.
Question: What are some basic tips for teeth and gum care?
Answer: Use a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Use a mouth rinse daily. Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings -- typically twice a year. Eat a variety of foods to maintain overall health. Eat fewer foods containing sugars and starches between meals.
Question: Which foods help keep your mouth healthy?
Answer: The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk. These foods are thought to protect tooth enamel by providing the calcium and phosphorus needed to remineralize teeth (a natural process by which minerals are redeposited in tooth enamel after being removed by acids). For those people that are lactose intolerant and cannot ingest milk products, green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach are high in calcium. Other food choices include firm/crunchy fruits (for example, apples and pears) and vegetables.
Question: When should I call the doctor about nocturnal back pain?
Answer: Other "red flags" include: Back pain that spreads down one or both legs Weakness, numbness, or tingling in legs New problems with bowel or bladder control Pain or throbbing in your abdomen Fever Spots warm to the touch Unexplained weight loss History of cancer History of a suppressed immune system History of trauma If one or more of these symptoms accompanies back pain -- especially if you have a history of cancer -- see your doctor right away. It's also important to call the doctor if your back pain is the result of a recent injury. It's important to note that it's rare that nighttime back pain is caused by a tumor, infection, or AS.
Question: What is nighttime back pain?
Answer: The majority of people with back pain are able to adjust how they sleep to get relief from the pain they experience during the day. But with nighttime back pain -- also called nocturnal back pain -- the hurting doesn't stop when a person lies down, no matter what adjustments he or she makes. For some, the pain actually gets worse. But then at night, he or she might find it nearly impossible to get a full night's sleep.
Question: What should I know about nighttime back pain?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the U. S., up to 80% of the population experiences some form of low back pain at some time in their lives. It's the second most common reason people see their doctor. But as debilitating as back pain can be, most instances of it are manageable, and people who get adequate rest and proper exercise often see improvement within a matter of weeks. With nighttime back pain, however, people can't get the rest they need because they can't get relief from their pain. It could be a primary tumor, one that originates in the spine, or it could be a metastatic tumor, one that results from cancer that started elsewhere in the body and then spread to the spine.
Question: How can I avoid germs at the park?
Answer: Steer clear of sandboxes. They attract cats and other animals. Cat droppings can carry bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Keep away from stray dogs. Up to 20% of dog bites lead to infection. Dog droppings can carry bacteria and parasites like hookworms. Avoid any wild animals, such as raccoons, squirrels, or prairie dogs. They can carry germs that lead to infections. Have your child wash his hands after the visit.
Question: How can I keep my child away from germs at the petting zoo?
Answer: Taking your toddler to a petting zoo or the county fair animal exhibit can be fun and educational. Besides supervising your children, here are some tips to reduce your child's exposure to germs around the animals. Find the hand washing stations as soon as you get there. And make liberal use of the sanitizer dispensers. Don't take food or drink in with the animals. Leave strollers, pacifiers, and cups outside, too. Don't let an animal lick your child. Wash your toddler's hands when you leave, even if he didn't pet an animal. Don't try samples of raw, unpasteurized milk.
Question: How can I keep my child from getting infections from our cat?
Answer: Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Keep your child away from the litter box. If your child is old enough to change the litter box, teach proper habits and ensure good hand washing after the chore. Pick a spot in the house besides the bedroom for the cats to sleep. Most pediatricians suggest that you don't sleep with your cats. Don't let the cat lick your child's face or skin, especially open wounds. Teach your child to wash her hands after petting the cats.
Question: How do keep my child from getting germs from our dog?
Answer: Teach your child to respect the dog by not pulling his hair or hitting him. If the dog gets upset and nips or bites, germs in his saliva can cause a potentially serious skin infection. But dry dog foods, dog treats, and the water bowl can carry germs. Put them where your child can't reach or have him wash his hands after handling them. Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Be sure your toddler doesn't grab the dog's toys and put them in his mouth. Get the dog his own bed. Teach your child to wash his hands after petting the dog.
Question: What will a doctor need to know before diagnosing ADHD?
Answer: The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family.
Question: How often should dosage of stimulant medication for ADHD be monitored?
Answer: A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects.
Question: What physical examinations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis?
Answer: A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem.
Question: What are the more serious side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD?
Answer: However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.