anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Can you get plugs to treat aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?
Answer: Your doctor may decide to plug the drainage holes at the inner corners of your eyes. This can keep the tears that you produce in your eyes for longer periods. After your doctor inserts the special plugs, you shouldn't be able to feel them. Most plugs are temporary, but your doctor may place permanent plugs if she thinks that they're right for you.
Question: What is aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?
Answer: These glands produce a constant supply of liquid your eyes need to keep them moist at all times. Each time you blink, the action drags tears along the surface of your eye. This keeps it wet, clean, and healthy. If your glands don't produce enough tears, you can get a condition called aqueous tear-deficient dry eye. It causes eye pain, redness, and vision problems. Other health problems that can cause aqueous tear-deficient dry eye include: Viruses Hepatitis C HIV and AIDS Lymphoma Sarcoidosis Hemochromatosis Amyloidosis Graft versus host disease Damage to tear glands or tear ducts If you have dry eye because your glands don't make enough tears, you may notice: Eye pain, burning, or redness Itchy eyes Feeling like there's sand or dirt in your eyes Blurry vision Eyes that feel tired after reading Trouble wearing contact lenses Not being able to produce tears when you cry Your doctor can help you figure out why you don't make enough tears.
Question: Can you get syphilis after you've already had it?
Answer: Even if you've had it and been treated, you can get it again by having sex with someone who has it.
Question: How do I know if I have syphilis?
Answer: Only your doctor can know for sure whether you have syphilis. He'll give you a physical exam, check your genitals, and look for skin rashes or sores called chancres. You'll also have a blood test. Results typically come back within a few days. That's rarely done.
Question: How does a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) work?
Answer: This can mean the difference between life and death for a person whose heart needs a rest after open-heart surgery or is too weak to effectively pump on its own or who is waiting for a heart transplant. The other end hooks up to the aorta, the body's main artery. A computer controller, a power pack, and a reserve power pack remain outside the body. Some models let a person wear these external units on a belt or harness outside. The power pack has to be recharged at night.
Question: How does bipolar disorder affect PMS?
Answer: These studies suggest that women with mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, experience more severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ( PMS). Other research has shown that women whose disorders are treated appropriately actually have less fluctuation in mood over the course of the menstrual cycle.
Question: What's the link between valproic acid and PCOS?
Answer: Girls and young women who are taking valproic acid should see their doctors regularly for monitoring. That's because the drug may rarely increase levels of the male hormone testosterone and lead to polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). PCOS is a condition that affects the ovaries and leads to obesity, excess body hair, and irregular menstrual cycles.
Question: How does bipolar disorder differ between women and men?
Answer: But there are some differences between the sexes in the way the condition is experienced. For example, a woman is likely to have more symptoms of depression than mania. And female hormones and reproductive factors may influence the condition and its treatment.
Question: What are the side effects of lithium in women with bipolar disorder?
Answer: The use of lithium may lead to low levels of thyroid hormone in some people, which can affect symptoms of bipolar disorder. If thyroid hormone is low, thyroid hormone medication is needed. Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies.
Question: When do doctors consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for pregnant women with bipolar disorder?
Answer: Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies. During ECT, doctors monitor the baby's heart rate and oxygen levels for potential problems, which can be treated if necessary.
Question: Do your genes play a role in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Your genes definitely play a role in type 1, a less common form of diabetes that's often diagnosed in children and young adults. But they're not the whole story. Like much in life, it's a mix of nature and nurture. Your environment, from where you grow up to the foods you eat, also matters. Researchers don't know exactly how -- and how much -- all those things affect your chances of getting the disease. Your genes set the stage, but you can't be certain how it'll all play out.
Question: What's the link between HLA genes and type 1 diabetes?
Answer: If you have type 1 diabetes, you might wonder if your child would get it, too. Instead, a bunch of them play a role, including a dozen or so that have the biggest say: the HLA genes. They make proteins your immune system uses to keep you healthy. Some make you more likely to get it, while others can help protect you from it. Certain genes are more common in one group of people than in another. But even if you have genes that make you more likely to get type 1, that doesn't mean you definitely will.
Question: How does gabapentin (Neurontin) work to treat fibromyalgia?
Answer: A small study shows that this muscle relaxant eases pain, fatigue, and tenderness.
Question: How do anti-seizure medicines work to treat fibromyalgia?
Answer: Antidepressants can sometimes give you a bunch of different side effects, like: Nausea Fatigue Dry mouth Blurred vision Constipation Dizziness Change in appetite Drugs that treat epilepsy seizures may also help ease your fibromyalgia pain. These medications prevent sensitive nerves from sending too many pain signals to the brain.
Question: How do serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors help to treat fibromyalgia?
Answer: They can help with pain, sleep problems, and sad moods. The two main SNRI drugs for fibromyalgia are duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and milnacipran ( Savella).
Question: How do tricyclics work to treat fibromyalgia?
Answer: They're an older form of antidepressant. Amitriptyline ( Elavil) is one of them. Low doses of these drugs relieve pain and fatigue, as well as improve sleep. But you may get side effects like drowsiness and weight gain.
Question: Do you need to keep getting bone density tests while you're being treated for osteoporosis?
Answer: A few of the most important reasons are: Bone density changes so slowly with treatment that the changes are smaller than the measurement error of the machine. In other words, repeat DXA scans cannot distinguish between a real increase in bone density due to treatment or a mere variation in measurement from the machine itself. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force and American College of Physicians now recommend against menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen or estrogen and progesterone For all of these reasons, as surprising as it may sound to many people (and even some doctors), rechecking bone density is not at all like checking blood pressure during treatment of high blood pressure. Routine bone density testing during treatment is unlikely to be helpful.
Question: What should I do if some foods bother my digestive system?
Answer: If you're sensitive to certain types of food, such as dairy or gluten, stay away from these items or cut back on them. Talk with a nutritionist before you ban a food from your plate to make sure you still get important nutrients from other sources.
Question: What is celiac disease?
Answer: It's a problem that involves both the digestive tract and the immune system. It's also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. When you have celiac disease, eating foods with a form of protein called gluten makes your body attack your small intestine. The damage makes it hard for your body to absorb nutrients, especially fat, calcium, iron, and folate, from food.
Question: What can I do to help prevent hepatitis caused by viruses?
Answer: There are several viruses that cause it, including hepatitis A, B, and C. To lower your chances of getting the disease: Get the vaccines for hepatitis A and hepatitis B. ( Right now there's no vaccine for hepatitis C.) Use a latex condom during sex. Don't share needles or take illegal drugs. Practice good personal hygiene, such as thorough hand-washing. Don't use an infected person's personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes. Be careful when you get any tattoos or body piercings. Protect yourself when you travel to areas of the world with poor sanitation. If you eat raw sushi, consider getting the hepatitis A vaccine.
Question: How do I take activated charcoal?
Answer: The activated charcoal that is used to treat a poisoning is a powder that is mixed with a liquid. Once mixed, it can be given as a drink or through a tube that has been placed through the mouth and into the stomach. Activated charcoal is also available in tablet or capsule forms to treat gas. This form is not used to treat a poisoning.
Question: Can activated charcoal help with hangovers?
Answer: As for hangover remedies with activated charcoal, there isn't really any evidence that it works.
Question: What are the side effects of taking activated charcoal?
Answer: When used to treat a poisoning or overdose, activated charcoal is usually safe, but it needs to be administered only in a health care facility. Side effects are more likely when it is used on a long-term basis to treat conditions like excess gas. Side effects. When you take it by mouth, activated charcoal can cause: Black stools Black tongue Vomiting or diarrhea Constipation In more serious cases, it can cause gastrointestinal blockages.
Question: What are some other, less studied uses of activated charcoal?
Answer: Other less studied uses of activated charcoal include: Treat a condition of pregnancy in which the normal flow of bile is affected (cholestasis) Prevent gas Reduce high cholesterol Prevent a hangover Early research about using activated charcoal to treat cholestasis of pregnancy is very limited.
Question: How does activated charcoal interact with medication?
Answer: Activated charcoal may reduce or prevent the absorption of certain drugs. This may include drugs such as: Acetaminophen Digoxin Theophylline Tricyclic antidepressants Do not use activated charcoal as a supplement if you take these medications. Activated charcoal may also reduce absorption of certain nutrients. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplement you're taking, even if it's natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications, foods, or other herbs and supplements. He or she can let you know if the supplement might increase your risks.
Question: Can surgery treat blocked tear ducts?
Answer: Intubation can cause side effects such as: A stuffy nose (saline drops can help relieve the congestion) More tearing (this should improve by the time the doctor removes the tubes) Movement of the tube (your doctor will put it back in place) A type of surgery called â DCRâ (dacryocystorhinostomy) bypasses the blocked tear duct. Doctors usually do it in adults who haven't improved with other treatments. They rarely use it in children. DCR creates a new route for tears to drain from the eye. Sometimes the new opening totally bypasses the tear drainage system and lets tears flow straight into the nose.
Question: How can an intubation treat a blocked tear duct?
Answer: Intubation may be another option if other treatments don't work. In this procedure, the doctor threads a tiny tube through the holes, or puncta, in the corners of the eyes. The tube passes through each tear duct to the inside of the nose. The procedure takes about an hour. The tubes stay in place for three to six months to open up the ducts and let tears drain.
Question: How can a massage treat a blocked tear duct?
Answer: When a blocked tear duct doesn't open on its own, these techniques can help infants and adults: One of the easiest ways to fix a blockage in babies (or adults) is to massage the lacrimal sac -- the area where tears drain from the eye into the tear duct. Twice a day -- in the morning and at night -- take a cotton swab or clean fingers and gently rub the lower corners of your baby's eyes, next to the nose for a few seconds. This motion should cause a clear fluid to drain out of the corners of the eyes. The pressure of the massage can pop open the membrane that covers the tear duct.
Question: How can I decide what treatment option will work best for my blocked tear duct?
Answer: Possible side effects include: Infection (your doctor will give you antibiotics to prevent this) Scars (from external surgery) Stuffy nose (you can treat this with a decongestant nasal spray) Bruises Discuss all your treatment options with your doctor. Ask questions so you understand how the procedure will help and what side effects it might cause.
Question: How can you treat a blocked tear duct that doesn't open on its own?
Answer: When a blocked tear duct doesn't open on its own, these techniques can help infants and adults: One of the easiest ways to fix a blockage in babies (or adults) is to massage the lacrimal sac -- the area where tears drain from the eye into the tear duct.
Question: How do I massage my baby's tear ducts to remove blockages?
Answer: Twice a day -- in the morning and at night -- take a cotton swab or clean fingers and gently rub the lower corners of your baby's eyes, next to the nose for a few seconds. This motion should cause a clear fluid to drain out of the corners of the eyes. The pressure of the massage can pop open the membrane that covers the tear duct.
Question: What are the side effects of intubation?
Answer: Intubation can cause side effects such as: A stuffy nose (saline drops can help relieve the congestion) More tearing (this should improve by the time the doctor removes the tubes) Movement of the tube (your doctor will put it back in place) A type of surgery called â DCRâ (dacryocystorhinostomy) bypasses the blocked tear duct.
Question: What are the side effects of dacryocystorhinostomy for blocked tear ducts?
Answer: DCR usually relieves the tear duct blockage and its symptoms. Possible side effects include: Infection (your doctor will give you antibiotics to prevent this) Scars (from external surgery) Stuffy nose (you can treat this with a decongestant nasal spray) Bruises Discuss all your treatment options with your doctor.
Question: What happens if tear duct blockage doesnât get better on its own?
Answer: If the blockage doesn't get better on its own or with probing, the doctor might try balloon catheter dilation. While your child is asleep, the doctor threads a thin tube called a catheter into the tear duct. A pump inflates a balloon at the end of the tube. The doctor then deflates and inflates the balloon again to widen the duct. Then he removes the balloon.
Question: What if my child's tear duct doesn't open on its own?
Answer: If your child's tear duct doesn't open on its own by age one, the doctor can do a procedure to remove the blockage. While your baby is asleep, the doctor places a thin probe into one or both holes that tears drain through and opens up the tissue that covers the tear duct. This is a pain-free procedure and, most of the time, undoes the blockage.
Question: How is dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery performed?
Answer: Doctors usually do it in adults who haven't improved with other treatments. The surgery can be done in one of two ways: External. The surgeon makes a small cut on the side of your nose, which they close with stitches. Endoscopic. The surgeon inserts tiny instruments and a camera through the opening of your nose. This type of surgery causes less pain than external surgery and it doesn't leave scars. The surgeon will place a tube inside the new opening while it heals. The doctor will remove the tube in about three or four months.
Question: How do I get the blisters from dyshidrotic eczema to go away?
Answer: But you can manage them with medicine, moisturizers, and good hygiene. They might start to taper off once you get into middle age. And if you have a mild case, it could eventually go away on its own.
Question: What should I do about dyshidrotic eczema if I am sensitive to nickel or cobalt?
Answer: If you're sensitive to nickel or cobalt, your dermatologist might tell you not to eat foods that are high in these metals. Nickel is in foods like chocolate, broccoli, legumes, and nuts. Cobalt is in shellfish, liver, nuts, beets, cabbage, and chocolate.
Question: How can I control blisters from dyshidrotic eczema at home?
Answer: Use lukewarm water and a mild, scent-free soap. Afterward, gently pat your skin dry. Take your rings off before you wash your hands. Moisture can get trapped under your rings and cause more blisters. Wear gloves with cotton liners whenever your hands are in water, like when you wash dishes. Put a thick moisturizer on your hands and feet every time you shower or wash. Rub it on while your skin is still wet to seal in water. You also might use a cream that has dimethicone to protect your skin. Turn on a humidifier in dry weather to keep your skin from cracking. If allergies set off your eczema, try to stay away from things that trigger them. Don't scratch the blisters -- you'll make them worse.
Question: What should I do if I notice blisters on my hands?
Answer: If you notice blisters on your hands and feet, see a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in your skin). He'll look at your hands and feet, as well as your nails. You also might need to see an allergy doctor (allergist). Patch tests can show if you have an allergy to nickel or another metal. During these tests, your doctor will put patches with a small amount of different metals or other things on your skin to see if you react to them.
Question: What treatment is available for dyshidrotic eczema?
Answer: If you have a severe flare-up, you might need to take a steroid drug, like prednisone, in a pill. An antihistamine like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) or loratadine ( Alavert, Claritin) can help with the itch, too. Or you might hold a cold, wet compress on the blisters for 15 minutes at a time several times a day. If these treatments don't work well for you, you might try one of these: Light therapy: This uses ultraviolet ( UV) light to clear up your skin. You might get a medicine first to help your skin respond better to the light. Botulinum toxin: These shots stop your hands and feet from sweating, which can trigger the blisters. Medicines that slow down your immune system: Tacrolimus ( Protopic) ointment or pimecrolimus ( Elidel) cream can calm the swelling and irritation. These drugs can be options if you don't want to take steroids. Draining the blisters: Your dermatologist can drain fluid from the blisters. Don't try to do this yourself. You could make the eczema worse.
Question: How bad can dyshidrotic eczema get?
Answer: Small, itchy blisters on your palms and along the sides of your fingers could be signs of dyshidrotic eczema. Blisters on your hands can make it hard to do things like cook, type, or wash dishes.
Question: What is dyshidrotic eczema?
Answer: Dyshidrotic eczema can be mild or severe. If you notice blisters on your hands and feet, see a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in your skin).
Question: How are oral health and general health related?
Answer: A healthy mouth and healthy body go hand in hand. Good oral hygiene and oral health can improve your overall health, reducing the risk of serious disease and perhaps even preserving your memory in your golden years. The phrase "healthy mouth, healthy you" really is true -- and backed by growing scientific evidence.
Question: Can oral health affect pregnancy?
Answer: Research has found an association between gum disease and rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints. Not all studies have found a solid link, but maintaining good oral health is still the best goal. If you're pregnant, visit your dentist or periodontist as part of your prenatal care. Consider it good practice for the role modeling that lies ahead for all new parents.
Question: Can good oral hygeine help my blood sugar?
Answer: With a healthy mouth that's free of gum disease and cavities, your quality of life is also bound to be better -- you can eat properly, sleep better, and concentrate with no aching teeth or mouth infections to distract you. People with uncontrolled diabetes often have gum disease. And some experts have found that if you have diabetes, you are more likely to develop more severe gum problems than someone without diabetes. Reducing your risk of gingivitis by protecting your oral health may help with blood sugar control if you have been diagnosed with diabetes.
Question: How can good oral hygiene lower your risk of heart disease?
Answer: Poor oral health has been linked with the development of infection in other parts of the body. Not all studies have found a solid link, but maintaining good oral health is still the best goal.
Question: How is poor oral health tied to infection in your body?
Answer: Chronic inflammation from gum disease has been associated with the development of cardiovascular problems such as heart disease, blockages of blood vessels, and strokes. Experts stop short of saying there is a cause-and-effect between gum disease and these other serious health problems, but the link has shown up in numerous studies. Eating a balanced diet, seeing your dentist regularly, and good oral hygiene helps reduce your risks of tooth decay and gum disease. Make sure you brush twice a day and floss and use an antiseptic mouthwash once a day.
Question: Is obesity linked to low testosterone?
Answer: Obesity and low testosterone are tightly linked. Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone. Men with very low testosterone are also more likely to become obese. Fat cells metabolize testosterone to estrogen, lowering testosterone levels. Also, obesity reduces levels of sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG), a protein that carries testosterone in the blood. Less SHBG means less free testosterone. Losing weight through exercise can increase testosterone levels.
Question: What is a sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?
Answer: This method helps ensure that only the lymph nodes most likely to have cancer are removed. It pinpoints the first lymph node a tumor drains into (called the sentinel node). To locate it, a radioactive tracer, a blue dye, or both, are injected into the area around the tumor. The tracer travels the same path that the cancer cells would take, making it possible for the surgeon to determine the one or two nodes most likely to have cancer. Cells or tissues that are removed using any of the methods described above are given to a pathologist, a doctor who specializes in diagnosing suspicious tissue changes.
Question: What is a fine-needle aspiration?
Answer: A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question. If the lump is a cyst (a fluid-filled sac), the procedure may cause it to collapse. This fluid will be looked at under a microscope for any signs of cancer. If the lump is solid, cells can be smeared onto slides for examination.