anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are cardiovascular diseases?
Answer: Cardiovascular diseases are conditions that affect the structures or function of your heart, such as: Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome Congenital heart disease Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries) Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Heart attack Heart failure Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Heart valve disease Pericardial disease Peripheral vascular disease Rheumatic heart disease Stroke Vascular disease (blood vessel disease) Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U. S. It's important to learn about your heart to help prevent it. If you have it, you can live a healthier, more active life by learning about your disease and taking care of yourself.
Question: What is heart valve disease?
Answer: Your valves sit at the exit of each of your four heart chambers. They keep blood flowing through your heart. Your aortic valve narrows. It slows blood flow from your heart to the rest of your body. Mitral valve insufficiency. This causes blood to leak backward, leading to fluid backup in the lungs. The valve between your left upper and left lower chambers doesn't close right.
Question: Which partners should I avoid to prevent gonorrhea?
Answer: Don't have sex with someone who has symptoms of gonorrhea. Has your partner complained of a burning feeling while peeing or sores in their genital area? Take a break from sexual activity until they get their symptoms checked (and you should get checked, too).
Question: What should I do if I'm pregnant and have gonorrhea?
Answer: Doctors recommend you get tested for gonorrhea once a year if you're: A man who has sex with men A sexually active woman under age 25 A woman who has multiple sex partners If you're pregnant and have gonorrhea, talk to your doctor so you can get the right treatment. This STD can cause health problems for babies, so it's important to treat the disease as soon as possible to help lower your baby's risk for complications.
Question: How can I get gonorrhea?
Answer: You can get gonorrhea from any kind of sexual contact, including: Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse Oral intercourse (both giving and receiving) As with other germs, you can get the bacterium that causes gonorrhea just from touching an infected area on another person. If you come into contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of someone carrying this bacterium, you can get gonorrhea. These germs can't live for more than a few seconds outside the body, so you can't get this STD by touching objects like toilet seats or clothes. But women who have gonorrhea can pass the disease on to their baby during a vaginal delivery. Babies born by C-section can't get it from their mother.
Question: How can using condoms prevent gonorrhea?
Answer: They help protect you from STDs. They act as a barrier and keep bacteria from infecting you. Spermicide won't prevent you from getting gonorrhea.
Question: When does my risk of getting gonorrhea rise?
Answer: Your risk for gonorrhea is higher if you: â¢ Are young â¢ Are having sex with a new partner â¢ Are having sex with someone who is having sex with other people â¢ Have multiple sex partners â¢ Have had gonorrhea before â¢ Have had other STDs There are specific steps you can take to safeguard yourself from gonorrhea: Use condoms.
Question: Who should get tested for gonorrhea?
Answer: Doctors recommend you get tested for gonorrhea once a year if you're: A man who has sex with men A sexually active woman under age 25 A woman who has multiple sex partners If you're pregnant and have gonorrhea, talk to your doctor so you can get the right treatment.
Question: What causes gonorrhea?
Answer: Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); This STD comes from a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Even though it's spread through sex, a man doesn't have to ejaculate in order to pass it on to his partner.
Question: How can getting tested prevent gonorrhea?
Answer: Have your sexual partners get tested. Ask them if they've been screened for gonorrhea. If they haven't, have a conversation about getting tested. Doctors recommend you get tested for gonorrhea once a year if you're: A man who has sex with men A sexually active woman under age 25 A woman who has multiple sex partners If you're pregnant and have gonorrhea, talk to your doctor so you can get the right treatment.
Question: How can I prevent gonorrhea?
Answer: You also have a lower risk if you're in a long-term sexual relationship with only one person and you're their only partner. You can reduce your chances of getting gonorrhea by practicing safe sex, which means using a condom, and by getting regular screenings. You'll need to keep practicing safe sex to keep from getting it again.
Question: What is gonorrhea?
Answer: Some people call it âthe clap.â Gonorrhea usually causes pain and other symptoms in your genital tract, but it can also cause problems in your rectum, throat, eyes, or joints. Both men and women can get it, though men get it more often than women. Your risk for gonorrhea is higher if you: â¢ Are young â¢ Are having sex with a new partner â¢ Are having sex with someone who is having sex with other people â¢ Have multiple sex partners â¢ Have had gonorrhea before â¢ Have had other STDs There are specific steps you can take to safeguard yourself from gonorrhea: Use condoms. With the right treatment, gonorrhea is curable.
Question: What is microscopic colitis?
Answer: When you have this condition, your colon is inflamed. Your symptoms may include watery diarrhea and belly pain. The condition may go away without any treatment, but if it doesn't, your doctor may tell you to tweak your diet or take medication. In rare cases, when the symptoms are severe, you may need surgery.
Question: What are gallstones?
Answer: Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ in your belly. It holds a fluid called bile that helps digest your food. Sometimes, leftover bile hardens to form little stones. These may not give you any symptoms unless they cause a blockage. If you have a gallstone, you may get a sharp pain on the right side of your belly. You may not be able to sit comfortably. If you run a high fever with chills or notice that your skin or eyes start to yellow, call your doctor right away.
Question: What is diverticulitis?
Answer: Sometimes, weak parts of your colon start to sag. This causes tiny pouches to form, most often in the lower part of your colon. A tear in these "pockets" can lead to inflammation or infection, which is called diverticulitis. If you have a mild case, you can treat it by making lifestyle changes, like getting more rest and watching what you eat.
Question: How is endometriosis similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: In rare cases, when the symptoms are severe, you may need surgery. This includes your bowel. It can cause symptoms like IBS, but they may get worse before and during your period. Another sign you could have endometriosis is pain when you start to have a bowel movement or during sex. Some women also have rectal bleeding. Your doctor can diagnose endometriosis of the bowel with different imaging tests. Sometimes you can manage symptoms with medicine. Your doctor may also suggest surgery.
Question: What is ulcerative colitis (UC)?
Answer: You may need to take medicine every day to treat it. Sometimes, doctors suggest surgery. Like ulcerative colitis, this type of IBD causes ulcers and inflammation.
Question: What is celiac disease?
Answer: When you have this condition, your colon is inflamed. A blood test can show if you're more likely to get celiac disease. If so, your doctor may do a biopsy of your small intestine to confirm it. The only sure treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. It's important to manage your condition to avoid severe damage. A medicine you take by mouth can get rid of these parasites.
Question: How is stomach cancer similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: If it's not working the way it should, you can have IBS-like symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, and belly pain. Other symptoms can be: Heartburn Feeling sick to your stomach Vomiting Blood in your stool Losing weight without trying If your doctor thinks you have it, she may do a test called an upper endoscopy. She puts a small, lighted tube with a video camera into your throat to look at your stomach. Your doctor may take a sample of an area that doesn't look healthy and send it to a lab to be tested.
Question: What causes excessive gas in babies?
Answer: Use the burping position they appear most comfortable with. There are three basic positions in which to gently pat and rub your baby's back: Over your shoulder Sitting on your lap, facing out or to the side Lying face down on your lap To avoid air swallowing during bottle feeding, make sure that the air is always at the bottom of the bottle, not at the nipple area.
Question: How should you burp your baby?
Answer: Pick a time when they slow down or are taking a break. Use the burping position they appear most comfortable with. There are three basic positions in which to gently pat and rub your baby's back: Over your shoulder Sitting on your lap, facing out or to the side Lying face down on your lap To avoid air swallowing during bottle feeding, make sure that the air is always at the bottom of the bottle, not at the nipple area.
Question: How can you help your baby avoid swallowing air during bottle feedings?
Answer: There are three basic positions in which to gently pat and rub your baby's back: Over your shoulder Sitting on your lap, facing out or to the side Lying face down on your lap To avoid air swallowing during bottle feeding, make sure that the air is always at the bottom of the bottle, not at the nipple area. This ensures the air doesn't get swallowed.
Question: What Is a biventricular pacemaker?
Answer: Leads are tiny wires implanted through a vein into the right ventricle and into the coronary sinus vein to pace or regulate the left ventricle. Usually (but not always), a lead is also implanted into the right atrium. This helps the heart beat in a more balanced way. Traditional pacemakers are used to treat slow heart rhythms. Pacemakers regulate the right atrium and right ventricle to maintain a good heart rate and keep the atrium and ventricle working together. This is called AV synchrony. Biventricular pacemakers add a third lead to help the left ventricle have a normal contraction when it also doesn't function properly.
Question: Why would a doctor recommend combination implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker therapy?
Answer: People with heart failure who have poor ejection fractions (measurement that shows how well the heart pumps with each beat) are at risk for fast irregular heart rhythms -- some of which can be life-threatening -- called arrhythmias. Currently, doctors use an ICD to prevent these dangerous rhythms. The device works by detecting such a rhythm and shocking the heart back to normal. These devices can combine biventricular pacing with anti-tachycardia pacing (to slow down the heart rate) and internal defibrillators ( ICDs) to deliver shocks as needed. Current studies are showing that resynchronization may even lessen the amount of arrhythmia that occurs, decreasing the times the ICD needs to shock the heart. These devices are improving heart failure patients' quality of life as well as improving their safety.
Question: Will I stay in the hospital after my pacemaker is implanted?
Answer: Hospital stay: After the pacemaker implant, you will be admitted to the hospital overnight. The nurses will monitor your heart rate and rhythm. You will also have a monitor (a small recorder that is attached to your chest by small electrode patches). It will record your heart rhythm while you are in the hospital. This is another way to check proper pacemaker function. The morning after your implant, you will have a chest X-ray to check your lungs and the position of your pacemaker and leads. Your pacemaker will be checked to make sure it's working properly.
Question: When will someone be able to go home after the pacemaker implant?
Answer: Usually, you will be able to go home the day after your pacemaker is implanted. Your doctor will discuss the results of the procedure and answer any questions you may have. A doctor or nurse will go over specific instructions for your care at home. Please ask a responsible adult to drive you home, as the medications you received may cause drowsiness, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate heavy machinery.
Question: When can someone do normal activities after the pacemaker implant?
Answer: Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the incision site Warmth along the incision Increased body temperature (fever or chills) After your pacemaker is implanted, you may move your arm normally and do not have to restrict its motion during normal daily activities. Avoid extreme pulling or lifting motions (such as placing your arm over your head without bending at the elbow). Activities such as golf, tennis, and swimming should be avoided for six weeks after the pacemaker is implanted. Microwave ovens, electric blankets, and heating pads may be used. Cellular phones should be used on the side opposite your pacemaker. Ask your doctor or nurse for more specific information regarding types of equipment that may interfere with your pacemaker.
Question: What is cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?
Answer: Cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT), also called biventricular pacing, uses a special kind of pacemaker -- a biventricular pacemaker -- that is designed to help the ventricles contract more normally. It keeps the right and left ventricles pumping together by sending small electrical impulses through the leads. This therapy has been shown to improve the symptoms of heart failure and overall quality of life in certain patients with severe symptoms that aren't controlled with medication.
Question: What happens after the pacemaker check?
Answer: After your pacemaker check, an echocardiogram may be done to help determine if your pacemaker is on the correct settings. The technician nurse will be there during your echo and will change your pacemaker at least three times. The echo will be repeated with each change to evaluate heart function. The pacemaker will keep the settings that demonstrated your best heart function.
Question: How will I know if my pacemaker needs to be changed?
Answer: After getting a pacemaker, you will need to follow-up with the doctor and nurses in a pacemaker clinic and through phone check-ups. This will allow them to monitor your pacemaker's function and anticipate when it will need to be changed. In addition, the pacemaker may be programmed to beep when the battery is low. Your doctor will demonstrate this beep for you. Resynchronization therapy is only one part of a comprehensive heart failure management program. Device and/or surgical therapy, when combined with taking medications, following a low-sodium diet, making lifestyle changes, and following up with a heart failure specialist, will help you decrease symptoms and live a more active life. Your doctor will help determine what treatment options are best for you.
Question: How are the settings determined for your pacemaker?
Answer: After the leads are tested, the doctor will connect them to your pacemaker. Your doctor will determine the rate of your pacemaker and other settings. The final pacemaker settings are done after the implant using a special device called a "programmer."
Question: Why does someone have to stay in the hospital after the pacemaker implant?
Answer: Hospital stay: After the pacemaker implant, you will be admitted to the hospital overnight. The nurses will monitor your heart rate and rhythm. You will also have a monitor (a small recorder that is attached to your chest by small electrode patches). It will record your heart rhythm while you are in the hospital. This is another way to check proper pacemaker function. The morning after your implant, you will have a chest X-ray to check your lungs and the position of your pacemaker and leads. Your pacemaker will be checked to make sure it's working properly. The results of the test will be reported to your doctor.
Question: What will it feel like when the doctor puts in the pacemaker during the endocardial approach?
Answer: You will feel a pinching or burning feeling at first. Then the area will become numb. Once this occurs, an incision will be made to insert the pacemaker and leads. You may feel a pulling as the doctor makes a pocket in the tissue under your skin for the pacemaker. You should not feel pain. If you do, tell your nurse.
Question: What are leads that are implanted in the heart?
Answer: Leads are tiny wires implanted through a vein into the right ventricle and into the coronary sinus vein to pace or regulate the left ventricle. Usually (but not always), a lead is also implanted into the right atrium. This helps the heart beat in a more balanced way.
Question: What are arrhythmias?
Answer: People with heart failure who have poor ejection fractions (measurement that shows how well the heart pumps with each beat) are at risk for fast irregular heart rhythms -- some of which can be life-threatening -- called arrhythmias. Currently, doctors use an ICD to prevent these dangerous rhythms. The device works by detecting such a rhythm and shocking the heart back to normal.
Question: How are pacemakers implanted inside of the heart?
Answer: The tip of the lead attaches to your heart muscle. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your upper chest. This technique is done under local anesthesia (you will not be asleep). Outside the heart (epicardial approach): Your chest will be opened and the lead tip is attached to the outside of the heart. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your abdomen.
Question: Who is the best candidate for a biventricular pacemaker?
Answer: This therapy has been shown to improve the symptoms of heart failure and overall quality of life in certain patients with severe symptoms that aren't controlled with medication. Therefore, to be eligible for the biventricular pacemaker, heart failure patients must: Have severe or moderately severe heart failure symptoms Be taking medications to treat heart failure Have the type of heart rhythm problems mentioned above (your doctor can usually determine this using ECG testing) In addition, the heart failure patient may or may not need this type of pacemaker to treat slow heart rhythms and may or may not need an internal defibrillator (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, or ICD), which is designed to treat people at risk for sudden cardiac death or cardiac arrests.
Question: How often should someone get their pacemaker checked?
Answer: Because it is very important to keep the area of insertion sterile to prevent infection, your chest will be shaved (if necessary) and cleansed with a special soap. Activities such as golf, tennis, and swimming should be avoided for six weeks after the pacemaker is implanted. The nurse will explain how to check your pacemaker using the telephone transmitter. When the battery gets low, you will need to replace the pacemaker. Here is an outline of the pacemaker follow-up schedule: Check before you are discharged from the hospital, the day after implant Telephone call two weeks after implantation to make sure the wound is healing and to ensure the transmitter is working Six-week check Telephone checks every three to six months starting three months after your six-week check Pacemaker analysis every three to six months (in between telephone checks) Pacemakers usually last four to eight years.
Question: Which fresh produce are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Answer: When shopping, look for omega-3s in: Bread Cereal Flaxseed Flour Pasta Peanut butter Oatmeal Pumpkin seeds Pizza, packaged Flour tortillas Walnuts Vegetables, especially green leafy ones, are good sources of ALA, one form of omega-3 fatty acids. Although ALA isn't as powerful as the other omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA, these vegetables also have fiber and other nutrients, as well as omega-3s. Brussels sprouts Kale Spinach Broccoli Cauliflower Oils can be a good source of ALA omega-3s, too, including: Canola oil Cod liver oil Flaxseed oil Mustard oil Soybean oil Walnut oil Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acid DHA may help babies' brains develop, which is why you may find them in: Baby cereals Infant formula Jars of baby food You can also find omega-3s in some: Supplements Children and adult vitamins Meal replacement bars Protein powders Weight loss shakes As with most nutrients, whole foods trump any enriched, fortified, or processed foods.
Question: Which grains and nuts are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Answer: Look for seafood rich in omega-3s, such as: Anchovies Halibut Herring Mackerel Oysters Salmon Sardines Trout Tuna (freshor light, canned in water) You'll likely find the following foods fortified with omega-3 fatty acids: Eggs Margarine Milk Juice Soy milk Yogurt Bread and pasta are some of the foodsthat may have omega-3s added to them. These fats are also naturally found in whole foods like seeds and nuts. When shopping, look for omega-3s in: Bread Cereal Flaxseed Flour Pasta Peanut butter Oatmeal Pumpkin seeds Pizza, packaged Flour tortillas Walnuts Vegetables, especially green leafy ones, are good sources of ALA, one form of omega-3 fatty acids.
Question: Which foods are usually fortified with omega-3 fatty acids?
Answer: Look for seafood rich in omega-3s, such as: Anchovies Halibut Herring Mackerel Oysters Salmon Sardines Trout Tuna (freshor light, canned in water) You'll likely find the following foods fortified with omega-3 fatty acids: Eggs Margarine Milk Juice Soy milk Yogurt Bread and pasta are some of the foodsthat may have omega-3s added to them.
Question: Which oils are good sources of ALA omega-3 fatty acids?
Answer: Brussels sprouts Kale Spinach Broccoli Cauliflower Oils can be a good source of ALA omega-3s, too, including: Canola oil Cod liver oil Flaxseed oil Mustard oil Soybean oil Walnut oil Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acid DHA may help babies' brains develop, which is why you may find them in: Baby cereals Infant formula Jars of baby food You can also find omega-3s in some: Supplements Children and adult vitamins Meal replacement bars Protein powders Weight loss shakes As with most nutrients, whole foods trump any enriched, fortified, or processed foods.
Question: What should you keep in mind when buying food with omega-3 fatty acids?
Answer: Some fortified foods offer 100 mg or more. Getting more than 3 grams a day of omega-3s may make bleeding more likely in people taking antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin. But you're not likely to get that much from a typical diet. Talk with your doctor before taking high doses of omega-3 supplements.
Question: What other conditions can pose a risk to people with diabetes?
Answer: Not only are people with diabetes at higher risk for heart disease, they're also at higher risk for heart failure, a serious medical condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood adequately. This can lead to fluid build-up in the lungs that causes difficulty breathing, or fluid retention in other parts of the body (especially the legs) that causes swelling.
Question: What are the chances of dying from heart disease for people with diabetes?
Answer: The more health risks factors a person has for heart disease, the higher the chances that they will develop heart disease and even die from it. Just like anyone else, people with diabetes have an increased risk of dying from heart disease if they have more health risk factors.