anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How long do relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) attacks last and what does it involve?
Answer: Numbness and tingling Sensitivity to heat Pain that runs down the spine, like a mild electrical shock, when you bend your neck Dizziness Bowel or bladder problems Sexual problems, like trouble getting aroused or climaxing Stiff muscles and trouble moving your body Feeling weak and tired Problems with balance and coordination A hard time thinking clearly Depression An RRMS attack can last anywhere from 24 hours to several weeks. It can involve: One or many symptoms An existing problem that gets worse A new symptom Tell your doctor about signs of a relapse as soon as possible.
Question: Are steroids used to treat flare-ups of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
Answer: The symptom flares of RRMS happen when the brain and spinal cord get inflamed. Reducing the inflammation is key to treating a relapse. Mild flares may not need treatment. If you have severe symptoms, your doctor may recommend steroids. You can take some of these medications through an IV and others by mouth.
Question: How can a dose of steroids help treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
Answer: A short-term, high-dose course of steroids can help: Reduce inflammation Make the relapse shorter and less severe Your doctor may prescribe other types of drugs to treat different RRMS symptoms.
Question: What disease-modifying drugs for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis can be taken by injection?
Answer: You can take some DMDs by injection. These drugs include: Glatiramer ( Copaxone) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Peginterferon beta -1a ( Plegridy) You'll need to take some DMDs through an IV at a clinic or hospital.
Question: What are relapses of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: If you have RRMS, you may have attacks when your symptoms flare up. These are called relapses.
Question: What is the treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Most people with RRMS manage the disease with: Medication Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other forms of rehab Healthy habits For most people with RRMS, it's best to start treatment as soon as they're diagnosed to avoid lasting nerve damage.
Question: Is it important to be healthy when you have relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
Answer: For example, you might take: Antidepressants Pain relievers Drugs to fight fatigue A healthy lifestyle is an important way to feel your best. Be sure to: Eat a nutritious diet Keep a healthy weight It's also important to be active when you have MS.
Question: Are there side effects of disease-modifying drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis?
Answer: They are: Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) DMDs have side effects. You and your doctor will weigh the pros and cons of each drug.
Question: What can happen if you have relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)?
Answer: An attack is followed by a time of recovery when you have few or no symptoms, called remission. It can last weeks, months, or longer. The disease doesn't get worse during these breaks. After 10 to 20 years, RRMS usually changes to a different type of MS called secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. These are called disease-modifying drugs ( DMDs). If you have severe symptoms, your doctor may recommend steroids.
Question: When does relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) change into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Most people with multiple sclerosis ( MS) have a type called relapsing-remitting MS ( RRMS). It can involve: One or many symptoms An existing problem that gets worse A new symptom Tell your doctor about signs of a relapse as soon as possible.
Question: What is psychodynamic therapy?
Answer: You and your therapist explore behavior patterns and motivations that you may not be aware of which could contribute to depression. You may focus on any traumas from your childhood.
Question: How long does psychotherapy take?
Answer: While some people may benefit from short-term therapy, people with longstanding or treatment-resistant depression tend to derive more benefit from longer-term psychotherapy . Studies show long-term therapy for those conditions leads to greater improvement in depression symptoms and better life satisfaction and social functioning. It may also lower the risk of relapse after you get better.
Question: What is group counseling therapy?
Answer: Group counseling sessions give you a chance to meet other people who are going through the same things you are. You can share experiences and strategies.
Question: How do I find a therapist for depression?
Answer: You will want to find a qualified therapist -- usually a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, psychiatric nurse, or counselor. If possible, find one who has expertise with treatment-resistant depression. Ask your doctor for recommendations. Or get in touch with an organization like the National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) or the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance ( DBSA).
Question: What is family counseling?
Answer: Family counseling treats the entire family -- because it's not only the person with the diagnosis who is affected by depression. If you're depressed, your family feels it, too. And unfortunately, although family members may have the best of intentions, without professional guidance, they sometimes make things worse.
Question: What is individual counseling?
Answer: Individual counseling is a one-on-one session with a professional therapist who might be an MD (psychiatrist/doctor), Ph D (psychologist), Psy D (psychologist), LCSW (licensed clinical social worker), or NP (nurse practitioner), with experience in treating depression and other mood disorders. Your therapist can teach you more about depression and help you understand yours. You can discuss new strategies to manage stress and to keep your depression from getting worse or coming back.
Question: What is interpersonal therapy?
Answer: Interpersonal therapy focuses on how your relationships with others play a role in your depression. It focuses on practical issues. You will learn how to spot unhealthy behaviors and change them.
Question: What are cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy?
Answer: Cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy focus on how your own thoughts and behaviors contribute to your depression. Your therapist will help you learn ways to react to things and challenge your preconceptions. You and your therapist might come up with goals. You might also get "homework" assignments, like to keep a journal or apply problem-solving techniques in particular situations.
Question: What can psychotherapy do?
Answer: Many studies support the idea that therapy can be a powerful treatment for depression. Some, although not all, have also found that combining depression medicine with therapy can be very effective. A large-scale trial involving more than 400 people with treatment-resistant depression found that talk therapy alongside medication made symptoms easier to take. There are a number of them: It can help ease stress.
Question: What can family therapy do for depression?
Answer: Family therapy is a great way for your relatives to learn about depression and the early warning signs. Studies suggest that family sessions might really help with treatment, too, improving lifestyle, compliance with medication, and sleep habits. It also lets you and your family members talk about the stresses of life with depression. You may all feel more comfortable talking openly with a therapist there to guide the conversation.
Question: Should you try therapy again if it didn't seem to help your depression the first time?
Answer: You and your therapist might come up with goals. Here are some things to consider before you try again: Think about the reasons you didn't find therapy useful in the past. Why didn't it work? What did you need from therapy that you weren't getting? Decide what you want out of therapy now. Consider trying someone new. Make sure that the therapist you're seeing has training and expertise in psychotherapy forms that are specific to the treatment of depression. Once you've settled on a therapist, give therapy a chance to work. Don't give up after a few sessions.
Question: What are the side effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for high blood pressure?
Answer: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers ( ARBs) These high blood pressure medications shield blood vessels from a hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow. This allows blood vessels to stay open. One of the more common side effects of ARBs is dizziness.
Question: What are the side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for high blood pressure?
Answer: Diuretics may cause these side effects: Extra urination. If you have this side effect, the doctor may prescribe another type of medication. Skin rash and a loss of taste are two other possible side effects of ACE inhibitors. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers ( ARBs) These high blood pressure medications shield blood vessels from a hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow.
Question: What is an exercise stress test?
Answer: Also called an exercise electrocardiogram, treadmill test, graded exercise test, or stress ECG, an exercise stress test can tell your doctor how well your heart handles physical activity. You typically walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike while your doctor watches your heart rate and blood pressure.
Question: What should I ask the doctor before a stress test if I have diabetes?
Answer: If you take insulin to control your blood sugar, ask your doctor how much medication you should take the day of the test and if you should eat a light meal.
Question: What happens when you get an exercise stress test?
Answer: You'll walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bicycle and be asked to gradually go faster or work harder. You'll do this until you reach a target heart rate, feel exhausted, or start having symptoms of heart issues. The lab technician will regularly ask how you're feeling. You should tell them if you feel pain or discomfort in your chest, arm, or jaw, are short of breath, dizzy, or lightheaded, or notice anything else unusual.
Question: What happens after an exercise stress test?
Answer: After the test, you'll walk or pedal slowly for a couple of minutes to cool down. The technician will watch your heart rate, blood pressure, and EKG until they return to normal.
Question: Why do I need a stress test?
Answer: Your doctor uses this test to: See if your heart gets enough blood when you're physically active See how likely you are to have coronary heart disease Check for abnormal heart rhythms Find out how well your heart medications are working or see if any procedures you've had done have improved the blood flow in your heart vessels Help figure out a safe exercise program for you Your doctor will give you specific instructions on what to do before your stress test.
Question: What is a stress echocardiogram?
Answer: Stress echocardiogram: An echocardiogram (often called an "echo") is a graphic outline of your heart's movement. A stress echo can show the motion of your heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed. It can show a lack of blood flow that other heart tests can't.
Question: What is a pharmacologic stress test?
Answer: Also called an exercise electrocardiogram, treadmill test, graded exercise test, or stress ECG, an exercise stress test can tell your doctor how well your heart handles physical activity. Besides the exercise stress test, other kinds include: Pharmacologic stress test: This test is used for people who can't exercise. They take a drug such as adenosine, dipyridamole, or dobutamine to make their heart respond as if they were exercising.
Question: What can you do to maximize the benefits of treatment for high blood pressure?
Answer: To maximize the benefits of your plan, follow these steps: Check your blood pressure as often as recommended by your doctor. Follow your treatment plan consistently. Let your doctor know right away if you have problems with parts of the plan. Your doctor may refer you to other health care professionals who can help. See your doctor as often as requested. Bring your blood pressure records to show your doctor how the plan is working. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about medication side effects. Know when to call your doctor if there is a problem. Reduce how much salt you take in. Learning about high blood pressure and how it can harm your health is the first step in controlling this condition so you can remain healthy for years to come.
Question: What can treat cluster headaches if medicines don't help you?
Answer: If you have chronic cluster headaches and medicine doesn't help, a nerve block may be an option. It's a shot of anesthetic medicine that is sometimes combined with steroids. It stops the pain by blocking or numbing the nerves connected with cluster headaches. You get the injection in the back of your head. There are a couple of devices designed to interupt the lectrical impulses in your brain that triggers cluster headaches. A device called Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. Similarly, Cefaly uses transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation and is worn as a headband on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraine from developing. There is also a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
Question: What is topiramate and how does it treat cluster headaches?
Answer: This drug is also used to treat epilepsy. Your doctor may combine it with other preventive meds, such as verapamil or steroids.
Question: What other medicines are being studied to prevent cluster headaches?
Answer: Researchers are studying other medicines to prevent clusters. These include melatonin, capsaicin, and valproic acid. If you can't take other medicines for prevention, or they don't stop your headaches, your doctor may suggest that you try one of these.
Question: Can I treat my cluster headache?
Answer: Although there isn't a cure, there are treatments that can cut down on how long these headaches last and how painful they are. Some even work to prevent a cluster. Your doctor will help you figure out what you need. You may have to take more than one medicine.
Question: What is verapamil and how does it treat cluster headaches?
Answer: Your doctor may call this drug a calcium channel blocker. It's also used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain. Verapamil cuts down on how many headaches you get. It can take a while to start working. So in the meantime, you may also need to take other preventive medicines that work faster, such as steroids.
Question: What are corticosteroids and how do they treat cluster headaches?
Answer: They work faster than some other preventive options. These drugs may help if your headaches usually crop up during a period of less than 3 weeks. They come as pills, a shot, or through an IV. Your doctor will probably give them to you for a short while. If you take them for too long, they can cause weight gain, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and other side effects.
Question: What triptans can treat my cluster headache?
Answer: Triptans can often shorten your headache and give you pain relief. These drugs include: Almotriptan ( Axert) Eletriptan ( Relpax) Frovatriptan ( Frova) Naratriptan ( Amerge) Rizatriptan ( Maxalt) Sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Onzetra Xsail, Sumavel Dose Pro, Zembrace Sym Touch) Zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Most triptans are pills.
Question: Beyond medicine, are there other ways to treat cluster headaches?
Answer: Researchers are studying other medicines to prevent clusters. These include melatonin, capsaicin, and valproic acid. If you can't take other medicines for prevention, or they don't stop your headaches, your doctor may suggest that you try one of these. If you have chronic cluster headaches and medicine doesn't help, a nerve block may be an option. It's a shot of anesthetic medicine that is sometimes combined with steroids. It stops the pain by blocking or numbing the nerves connected with cluster headaches. You get the injection in the back of your head. There are a couple of devices designed to interupt the lectrical impulses in your brain that triggers cluster headaches. A device called Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. Similarly, Cefaly uses transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation and is worn as a headband on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraine from developing. There is also a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
Question: Are treatments used to prevent cluster headaches?
Answer: These treatments aim to stop cluster headaches from happening. You take them at the start of a cluster episode. When and how much you take depend on how long yours usually last and how often you get them. Work with your doctor to find the best schedule for you. Medicines for cluster headache prevention include: Verapamil ( Calan, Covera HS, Verelan).
Question: How do I ingest triptans?
Answer: These drugs include: Almotriptan ( Axert) Eletriptan ( Relpax) Frovatriptan ( Frova) Naratriptan ( Amerge) Rizatriptan ( Maxalt) Sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Onzetra Xsail, Sumavel Dose Pro, Zembrace Sym Touch) Zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Most triptans are pills. Some come as nasal sprays. You get others as shots. ( Your doctor can show you how to do this at home.) You shouldn't take triptans if you have certain heart or blood vessel problems.
Question: What is lithium and how does it treat cluster headaches?
Answer: A few small studies show that this drug can help cut the number of cluster headaches you get. But it's usually less helpful at preventing them if you take it over a long time.
Question: What can you use to treat cluster headaches if triptans don't work for you?
Answer: If you can't use these treatments, or if they don't work for you, your doctor may suggest: Octreotide . You take it through an IV in your vein. Lidocaine . You spray it up your nose on the painful side of your head. Ergot alkaloids. There's another form of this drug called DHE that you usually take through an IV. You take them at the start of a cluster episode.
Question: When should I start treating my cluster headache?
Answer: Oxygen and prescription drugs that doctors call triptans are the two most common treatments for clusters that have already started. If your doctor prescribes oxygen, you'll breathe through a mask connected to an oxygen tank for 15-20 minutes. It's a safe, effective way to ease this type of pain. You need to take them at the first sign of a cluster in order for them to work.
Question: If I can't use triptans, what other treatments can help my cluster headache?
Answer: This drug is a lab-made form of somatostatin, a growth hormone. You take it through an IV in your vein. Lidocaine . This is an anesthetic, or a "numbing" drug. You spray it up your nose on the painful side of your head. Ergot alkaloids. These meds are tablets that dissolve under your tongue. You need to take them at the first sign of a cluster in order for them to work. There's another form of this drug called DHE that you usually take through an IV. Medicines for cluster headache prevention include: Verapamil ( Calan, Covera HS, Verelan).
Question: When should people with heart disease get vaccinated for the flu?
Answer: It's best to get vaccinated before October, but you can still do it until the end of flu season. The shot usually starts to protect you about 2 weeks after you get it.
Question: Can I take cold medicines if I have heart disease?
Answer: It can sometimes lead to complications that can cause some serious problems. Always check with your doctor or pharmacist before you try any over-the counter cold medicine to make sure it doesn't interfere with your other medications.
Question: How can I help my child with ADHD adjust to the school sleeping schedule after summer?
Answer: If your child slept late during summer vacation, start waking him up a little earlier each day. That way he won't be groggy when school starts. Make bedtime a little earlier each night, too, so he gets enough sleep.
Question: How can I keep my child with ADHD from forgetting textbooks at school?
Answer: Ask his school if you can get an extra set of textbooks to keep at home.
Question: How should I involve my child in school supply shopping if he has ADHD?
Answer: Great tools for organizing include: A calendar or daily planner A dry-erase or bulletin board to post due dates and reminders A desk organizer and storage bins for school supplies to keep his study space neat and free from distractions Color-coded folders or a multi-pocket binder to keep assignments straight Let him help make a shopping list for supplies for the coming year.
Question: Should my child take ADHD medicine during a school year if they didn't take it during the summer?
Answer: Start him back on any ADHD medicines if you took a break for the summer.
Question: How can I make sure my child with ADHD won't be overwhelmed with school assignments?
Answer: Ask his school if you can get an extra set of textbooks to keep at home. Find out how much homework the teacher plans to assign each night. Figure out how you and the teacher will stay in touch during the school year.
Question: How can I help my child with ADHD stay organized in a new year?
Answer: Great tools for organizing include: A calendar or daily planner A dry-erase or bulletin board to post due dates and reminders A desk organizer and storage bins for school supplies to keep his study space neat and free from distractions Color-coded folders or a multi-pocket binder to keep assignments straight Let him help make a shopping list for supplies for the coming year. Ask the guidance counselor to take you and your child on a tour of the new school.
Question: How should I organize a calendar or planner for a child with ADHD?
Answer: Include things like after-school clubs, sports, music lessons, and regular play dates. Add special projects and tests as they come up. Leave room in each day for homework, plus some time to relax and have fun. Let her help design the schedule, so she feels a sense of control and ownership. Go over the schedule each day until she understands the routine. Put a list of the daily morning activities on the fridge or somewhere your child will see it.
Question: Is it normal for kids with ADHD to struggle with going back to school after summer vacation?
Answer: No kid wants to trade vacation for the structure and routine of the school year. Although kids with ADHD can have a hard time getting used to classrooms and homework again, you can take steps to make the transition easier for both of you. Leave room in each day for homework, plus some time to relax and have fun.