anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Which breast biopsy procedure do you need?
Answer: The method your doctor recommends will depend on: The size of the breast lump or suspicious area Where it's located If there's more than one abnormal area If you have other medical problems Your personal preferences Fine-needle aspiration.
Question: How do I care for myself after a breast biopsy?
Answer: Small strips of tape, or possibly stitches, will remain over the incision site. Don't try to remove these yourself. They'll either be removed at a follow-up appointment or will fall off by themselves. You may be asked to apply medicine or ice to the biopsy area or change the bandages at home. Your doctor will give you advice on showering, bathing, and wound care. You'll get a prescription for pain relief if you need it, but you might be OK with an over-the-counter pain reliever. To lower the risk of bleeding, don't take aspirin or products containing aspirin for the first 3 days after the procedure, unless a doctor tells you to. The area of the biopsy might be black and blue for a few days afterward, too.
Question: What is an open excisional biopsy for breast cancer?
Answer: This is surgery to remove an entire lump. The tissue is then studied under a microscope. If a section of normal breast tissue is taken all the way around a lump (called a lumpectomy), the biopsy is also considered a breast cancer treatment. In this technique, a wire is put through a needle into the area to be biopsied. An X-ray helps make sure it's in the right place, and a small hook at the end of the wire keeps it in position. The surgeon uses this wire as a guide to locate the suspicious tissue.
Question: What is a core biopsy for breast cancer?
Answer: A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy. A needle is placed into the breast tissue. Ultrasound helps confirm the exact location of the potential trouble spot so the needle is placed correctly. Tissue samples are then taken through the needle. Ultrasound can see the difference between cysts and solid lesions. Stereotactic biopsy. You'll be helped into a position that centers the area to be tested in the window of a specially designed instrument. Mammogram films called SCOUT films are taken so the radiologist can examine the area to be biopsied. Using a local anesthetic, the radiologist makes a small opening in the skin. A needle is placed into the breast tissue, and computerized pictures help confirm the exact placement. Tissue samples are taken through the needle. It's common for the medical professionals to take multiple tissue samples (about three to five).
Question: What is a breast biopsy?
Answer: It's the only way to know for sure if a potential trouble spot is cancer. A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question.
Question: What do corticosteroids do to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: What they do: These drugs are strong inflammation fighters. They can quickly improve symptoms and ease swelling. They're less effective at slowing RA itself. Your doctor may prescribe them to get inflammation under control or when you have a flare. For some people, a low dose of steroids plus DMARDs or biologics controls their RA.
Question: What are examples of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Examples: These medications include hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), leflunomide ( Arava), methotrexate ( Trexall), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Your doctor will call them â DMARDs,â which stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Question: What are examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Examples: celecoxib ( Celebrex), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin, Nuprin), and naproxen ( Naprosyn) What they do: Lower inflammation and help relieve pain.
Question: What are examples of biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Examples: abatacept ( Orencia), adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, anakinra ( Kineret), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), golimumab ( Simponi), infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), biosimilars to Remicade, rituximab ( Rituxan), and tocilizumab ( Actemra).
Question: What are the side effects of biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Side effects: Because they slow down your immune system, biologics make it harder for your body to fight infection. They can cause flare-ups of some infections that aren't active, like tuberculosis. Some people have reactions at the IV or injection site. More widespread IV reactions may include chest pain, trouble breathing, and hives. Each drug has its own set of side effects that you should talk about with your doctor.
Question: Is it important to start treatment soon after being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Even if your rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is mild, the sooner you start treatment, the better. One of the key goals is to tame inflammation.
Question: What are the different types of drugs that treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Some drugs help control the disease and limit joint damage. Others ease pain and inflammation but don't curb joint damage. You may take more than one type of drug. Your doctor will call them â DMARDs,â which stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Question: How do auras affect the senses?
Answer: You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. They aren't just distorted vision, though. They can affect any of your senses. Blind spots (scotomas) Vision loss in part of one or both eyes Seeing zigzag patterns (fortification spectra) Seeing flashing lights (scintilla) Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that aren't really there (hallucinations) Prickling, tingling, or numbness (paresthesia) Trouble finding words or speaking (aphasia) The aura usually lasts less than an hour.
Question: What do migraines feel like?
Answer: Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days.
Question: Are migraines with auras life-threatening?
Answer: Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras.
Question: Is migraine with aura life threatening?
Answer: Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras.
Question: How long does migraine with aura last?
Answer: Some symptoms might continue into the headache phase. Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days.
Question: What are symptoms of migraine with aura?
Answer: Besides pain, other headache symptoms may include: Upset stomach or vomiting Hot flashes and chills Stuff or runny nose Dizziness or spinning (vertigo) Sore neck or jaw Sensitivity to light, sounds, smells, touch, or motion Confusion Your doctor will give you a physical exam and check your muscles, reflexes, speech, and senses to test the nerves in your head.
Question: What are common triggers of a migraine with aura?
Answer: Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches.
Question: What pain relievers are used to treat a migraine with aura?
Answer: Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.)
Question: What drugs can prevent a migraine with aura?
Answer: You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help.
Question: How can you relieve the symptoms of migraine with aura?
Answer: When you're having a migraine with aura, stay in a quiet, dark room. Try cold compresses or pressure on the painful areas. Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.)
Question: Who is more likely to get migraine with aura?
Answer: Migraine often runs in families. They frequently begin in childhood and get worse through adolescence. Although more boys than girls have migraine, more adult women than men have them. Over time, you'll get fewer, and they become less common after age 50.
Question: Are prescription recipes used to treat a migraine with aura?
Answer: The prescription medications are called triptans and include such medicines as almotriptan ( Axert), eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), naratriptan ( Amerge), rizatriptan ( Maxalt) and sumatriptan ( Imitrex). Ergots ( Migergot, Cafergot) may also be effective in treating migraine pain. Other medications can ease related symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
Question: What blood tests are used to diagnose a migraine with aura?
Answer: Blood tests and imaging, such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, can help rule out other causes like an infection and bleeding.
Question: Where do migraine auras come from?
Answer: The aura which about 25% of migraine sufferers experience is believed to be due to this electrical wave moving across the part of your brain that processes signals from your senses.
Question: Can a headache diary help diagnose a migraine with  aura?
Answer: Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches. Note the date and time of the migraine, any foods you ate, what you were doing, and any medication you took before the headache began. It may take several weeks to begin to see a pattern.
Question: Is transcranial magnetic stimulation used to treat a migraine with aura?
Answer: A device called Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). You'll need a prescription for any of these gadgets, too.
Question: What characterizes a migraine with aura?
Answer: Migraines with aura account for about a quarter of all migraines. Even if you get auras, you may not have one with every migraine. Some children and older adults may get an aura without later pain. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes.
Question: Why do serotonin and dopamine cause migraines with aura?
Answer: According to the theory, a wave of nerve cell activity spreads across the brain and excites the trigeminal nerve. This excitation causes the release of a variety of neurotransmitters which caused a change in the size of the blood vessels releasing more neurotransmitters and ultimately causing an inflammatory process and pain. You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
Question: What causes migraine with aura?
Answer: Scientists aren't sure what causes migraine, but several brain chemicals probably play a role. According to the theory, a wave of nerve cell activity spreads across the brain and excites the trigeminal nerve. The aura which about 25% of migraine sufferers experience is believed to be due to this electrical wave moving across the part of your brain that processes signals from your senses. You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
Question: How can plantar fasciitis lead to foot pain?
Answer: This is the most common cause of arch pain. Plantar fasciitis can affect the heel, arch, or both. Treatment is the same regardless of the location. For persistent plantar fasciitis, an injection with a mixture of a steroid and local anesthetic can be helpful.
Question: How can heel spurs lead to foot pain?
Answer: These are abnormal growths of bone on the bottom of your heel. You can get them from wearing the wrong shoes or from an abnormal walk or posture, or even from activities like running. The spurs may hurt while you're walking or standing. Lots of people have them, but most don't have pain. People with flat feet or high arches are more likely to have painful heel spurs.
Question: How can a heel fracture lead to foot pain?
Answer: A heel fracture is usually a high-impact injury such as from a fall or car accident. Your heel bone may not just break, it could also shatter. Heel pain, bruising, swelling, or trouble walking are the main symptoms.
Question: How can hallux rigidus lead to foot pain?
Answer: Hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) is a type of arthritis at the base of the big toe. Symptoms are pain and stiffness of the joint that worsens over time. Treatment can include pain relievers and stretching exercises. Surgery may be needed in some cases.
Question: How can you treat heel pain?
Answer: To treat it: Rest your foot. Do heel and foot muscle stretches. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Wear shoes with good arch support and a cushioned sole.
Question: How can a bunion lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: A bunion is a bony bulge along the edge of the foot, next to the base of the big toe. It's associated with misalignment of the first toe joint. Anyone can get them, especially if they wear ill-fitting or uncomfortable shoes. It often shows up as people age. People with bunions often also have hammertoes as well. Try changing to more comfortable shoes or wearing shoe inserts. If you're still in pain, your doctor may suggest surgery.
Question: How can neuropathy lead to foot pain?
Answer: Neuropathy, or nerve damage in the feet, is most often caused by diabetes. The pain can be burning, stinging, or feel like electricity. It can happen anywhere in the feet. Ask your doctor about pain relief options and ways to prevent further worsening.
Question: How can a sesamoid fracture lead to foot pain and how can you treat it?
Answer: A sesamoid fracture is a break in the small bones (sesamoids) that are embedded in tendons attached to the big toe. Pain in and around the big toe is the main symptom. To treat it: Rest, ice, and elevate your foot. Wear stiff-soled shoes or foot pads to relieve pressure. Take pain relievers. If you're still in pain, talk to your doctor.
Question: How do fallen arches (flat feet) lead to foot pain?
Answer: Fallen arches , or flat feet, happen when the arches of the feet flatten out (often when standing or walking), causing foot pain and other problems. Flat feet can be treated with shoe inserts, shoe adjustments, rest, ice, using a walking cane or brace, or physical therapy. Sometimes surgery is necessary.
Question: How can you treat foot pain from a stone bruise?
Answer: In the meantime: Rest your foot. Ice the area. Take over-the-counter pain relievers.
Question: How can a toe sprain lead to foot pain?
Answer: A toe sprain may happen when you jam or stub your toe, damaging the tendon or soft tissues of the toe. If you don't have a fracture, the pain and swelling should go away within days.
Question: How do you treat pain on the foot's outer edge?
Answer: The outer edge of your foot, the fifth metatarsal bone, is a commonly broken bone in the foot. Pain, swelling, and bruising along the outer foot edge after an injury are symptoms. If you think you may have broken a bone, see a doctor and have an X-ray. To treat it: Take pain relievers. Rest, ice, and elevate your foot. Don't walk on it. Ask your doctor if surgery is necessary. A cast may be necessary in some circumstances.
Question: How can a stone bruise lead to foot pain?
Answer: A stone bruise is a deep bruise of the fat pad of the heel or ball of the foot. It's often from an impact injury, but it can also happen after stepping on a hard object. The pain feels like you're walking on a pebble. It will gradually go away on its own.
Question: How can an ingrown toenail lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: An ingrown toenailis when skin on one or both sides of a toenail grow over the nail. It can be painful and may lead to infections. To treat it: Soak the foot in warm water four times a day. Once daily, wedge a piece of gauze between the nail and wet skin. If these treatments don't work, see a doctor.
Question: How can a claw toe lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: Claw toe is when your toe points down or up and is unable to straighten. It's often the result of nerve damage from diseases like diabetes or alcoholism, which weakens the muscles in your foot. Without special footwear to accommodate the claw toe, you may develop irritation and calluses. To treat it: Change to better-fitting footwear. Avoid high heels and tight shoes. Do stretches for your toes and toe joints. Try shoe inserts. Ask your doctor about surgery.
Question: How can a toe fracture lead to foot pain?
Answer: Minor fractures may only require rest, ice, and pain relievers. Serious fractures may need surgery. Go to a doctor to be sure. The outer edge of your foot, the fifth metatarsal bone, is a commonly broken bone in the foot.
Question: How can gout lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: Gout , which is a form of arthritis, can causes pain in the toes. Crystals collect in toe joints, causing severe pain and swelling. Ice the area. Take medication such as colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), or prednisone Avoid foods that can make gout worse. To treat it: Rest your foot.
Question: How can a hammertoe lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: It can come from a muscle imbalance, but it can also be brought on by wearing ill-fitting shoes. Your doctor will likely recommend you wear shoes with a wide, deep toe bed. She may also give you exercises to stretch your toe muscles. If you still have problems, you can talk to your doctor about surgery. Turf toe is when you feel pain at the base of the big toe.
Question: How can corns and calluses lead to foot pain and how do you treat them?
Answer: Sometimes surgery is necessary. Corns are thick buildups of tough skin on a point of irritation or pressure on the foot or toe. Calluses are wider areas of tough skin buildup on the toes or feet. They happen as a result of irritation or pressure. Calluses and corns are generally caused by poor-fitting footwear. To treat them: Wear better-fitting shoes. Soak the foot and use a pumice stone to wear down the extra skin.
Question: How can Morton's neuroma lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?
Answer: That's an irritation or inflammation of the band of tough tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. You feel this pain and inflammation in the ball of your foot. Women have it more often. It can be a result of wearing high heels or tight shoes. To treat it: Wear shoe inserts to reduce pressure on the nerve. Get a steroid or other injection into the foot. Avoid activities that put pressure on the neuroma. Ask your doctor about surgery. Wear low-heeled shoes. Take pain relievers.
Question: How can you treat foot pain from heel spurs?
Answer: To treat them: Wear a cutout heel pad. Use a custom-made insert (called an orthotic) worn in the shoe. Wear shoes that fit well and have shock-absorbing soles. Try physical therapy. If you still have pain, ask your doctor about medical procedures. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Ice and rest your foot.
Question: How does eating smart boost the immune system?
Answer: When you're on immunotherapy, eat a range of healthy foods. Fruits, vegetables, and protein are all important. The goal is to get different nutrients to support your immune system and your body's other systems. Even if you're not that hungry during treatment, try to have small amounts of foods you know are good for you.
Question: How does sleeping well boost the immune system?
Answer: Aim for 7 hours of sleep a night. It isn't bad to get less sometimes, but if you don't get enough most nights, it could strain your system. That means you'll be more likely to get sick from colds, the flu, and more serious infections. You also won't be able to recover from them as well as a healthy person.
Question: How does avoiding illness boost the immune system?
Answer: Other ways to ease stress include: Deep breathing Massage Meditation Reading Listening to music Talking to a mental health professional You want your immune system focused on fighting cancer, not stomach bugs or colds, so steer clear of crowded places where germs abound. But even your kitchen has surprising risks for a weak immune system. These tips can help protect you from bacteria there: Thoroughly wash your hands before and after food prep. Set the fridge temperature at or below 40 F. Put a dish under thawing meat, fish, or poultry to catch drips. Wash fruits and veggies before you peel or cut them. Don't eat raw sprouts. Rinse packaged salads and similar items, even those labeled âprewashed."
Question: What are some reasons why someone's immune system could be weakened on immunotherapy?
Answer: One is that people tend to take newer immunotherapy drugs after other options failed. Those treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, are known to lower your immune response. Keep in mind that there may be times when you shouldn't exercise.
Question: What diet plans should I avoid during immunotherapy?
Answer: Eating smart also means knowing what to avoid. Skip supplements that claim âimmune supportâ on the label. They could affect your treatment. They also aren't likely to boost your health. You should also skip âcancer cureâ diets. These tips can help protect you from bacteria there: Thoroughly wash your hands before and after food prep.
Question: How does medications cause diarrhea in children, and what is the treatment for it?
Answer: Medications like laxatives or antibiotics can also lead to diarrhea in children as well as adults. For mild diarrhea caused by medication, keep your child safely hydrated. If a course of antibiotics is causing your child's diarrhea, be sure to continue the medication and call your doctor. Your doctor may recommend reducing the dose, changing your diet, adding a probiotic or switching to a different antibiotic. Studies show that yogurt with live cultures or probiotics can help ease diarrhea caused by antibiotics. Cultures and probiotics help replenish healthy gut bacteria killed by antibiotics.