anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about lipodystrophy?
Answer: What type of lipodystrophy is this? Do you know what caused it? Do we need any more tests? How many other people with this condition have you treated? What's the best way for us to treat it? What other symptoms should we watch for? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research trial?
Question: Who can get lipodystrophy?
Answer: Some people with HIV get lipodystrophy ( LD- HIV). It may be related to the medicines they take or the disease itself.
Question: What causes lipodystrophy?
Answer: Often, doctors don't know what causes acquired lipodystrophy, but some triggers are: An infection, such as measles, pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, or hepatitis A disease where your immune system attacks your body (called an autoimmune disease) Repeated injections in or pressure on the same place on your body An injury For example, people with diabetes who have to inject insulin daily tend to get localized lipodystrophy where they keep giving themselves shots.
Question: Can children get localized lipodystrophy?
Answer: Localized lipodystrophy can happen to anyone at any age. A small dimple of localized lipodystrophy may look odd, but it probably won't cause any other trouble.
Question: What is lipodystrophy?
Answer: It often affects the fat that's just under your skin, so it can change the way you look. It also can cause other changes in your body. Some people with HIV get lipodystrophy ( LD- HIV). It may be related to the medicines they take or the disease itself. Other acquired lipodystrophies are: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy ( AGL), or Lawrence syndrome Acquired partial lipodystrophy ( APL), also called progressive lipodystrophy or Barraquer- Simons syndrome Localized lipodystrophy AGL often shows up in children, but adults can get it, too. That's a good reason to change your injection site often.
Question: What are the symptoms of acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL)?
Answer: The type your child has will affect: Where it happens How much fat is lost Other effects on her body AGL. She'll lose fat from under the skin all over her body, including her face, arms, legs, palms, and sometimes the soles of her feet. She could look very muscular, and you'll be able to see veins under her skin. Kids with AGL are very hungry all the time and grow fast. Adults may have large hands and feet and a strong, square jawbone if their hormone balance is off and they've kept growing. They could have larger than usual sex organs (clitoris and ovaries, penis and testicles). A woman might have irregular periods or none at all. She could have polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). She'll probably have extra hair on her upper lip and chin. Some people with AGL have patches of dark, velvety skin in their underarms, on their neck, around their belly button or nipples, or on their hands and feet. Because of the fat loss, a person may have problems using sugar in her body or controlling her blood sugar and triglyceride levels. She could have a large liver or spleen. What type of lipodystrophy is this?
Question: How can I find a dermatologist to treat my psoriasis?
Answer: When you look for a dermatologist, start by asking your primary care doctor for a recommendation. You can also check with the American Academy of Dermatology, which has lists of specially trained doctors.
Question: How can you choose a doctor for psoriasis?
Answer: When you look for a dermatologist, start by asking your primary care doctor for a recommendation. You can also check with the American Academy of Dermatology, which has lists of specially trained doctors. A nearby medical school is another resource. Do you have a special area of interest in skin care?
Question: How can cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause stroke?
Answer: Blood clots: Either kind of cardioversion could knock loose blood clots created from your abnormal heartbeat. Before the procedure, your doctor may do a type of ultrasound to look for blood clots in your heart. You'll probably get medicine to take for 3-4 weeks before and after the procedure to help prevent blood clots. Stroke : If a clot travels to your brain, it can cause a stroke.
Question: How effective is cardioversion for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: It might not work: Cardioversion doesn't always fix a fast or irregular heartbeat. You may need medicine or a pacemaker to control things.
Question: What is the success rate of electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: How well it works depends on the size of your left atrium as well as how long you've been in AFib. If you have a large left atrium or you've been in constant AFib for a year or two, it may not work as well. Taking antiarrhythmic drugs can also prevent AFib after a successful electrical cardioversion.
Question: How does cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) work?
Answer: Your doctor uses a special machine to send electrical energy to the heart muscle. The procedure restores a normal heart rate and rhythm, allowing your heart to pump better.
Question: How can chemical cardioversion help with treating atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Chemical cardioversion: If your arrhythmia isn't an emergency, a doctor will usually use medication to get your heart back to normal. This is called chemical or pharmacologic cardioversion. You typically get the medicine through an IV while doctors check your heart. But sometimes, people can take it as a pill.
Question: What are the concerns about cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: It might make things worse: It's unlikely, but there's a small chance that cardioversion could damage your heart or lead to more arrhythmias. Irritated skin: This often happens where the paddles are applied. The doctor can give you a cream to treat it.
Question: What is the success rate of chemical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Chemical cardioversion: You should know quickly if it works. It usually takes effect within hours, but sometimes it takes days. If it doesn't work for you, the doctor might suggest electrical cardioversion.
Question: How can electrical cardioversion help with treating for AFib?
Answer: Electrical cardioversion gives shocks through paddles to regulate your heartbeat. First, you'll get medicine to make you fall asleep. Then, your doctor will put the paddles on your chest, and sometimes your back. These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. Most people only need one. Because you're sedated, you probably won't remember being shocked. You can usually go home the same day.
Question: How does cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause blood clots?
Answer: Blood clots: Either kind of cardioversion could knock loose blood clots created from your abnormal heartbeat. Before the procedure, your doctor may do a type of ultrasound to look for blood clots in your heart. You'll probably get medicine to take for 3-4 weeks before and after the procedure to help prevent blood clots.
Question: What is recovery for cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) like?
Answer: These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. You'll go back to your doctor in a few weeks for an electrocardiogram (you may hear it called an EKG) to make sure your beat is still regular. Keep up with your doctor visits and follow your treatment plan, which may also include antiarrhythmic drugs to help your heart maintain its normal rhythm. Let him know if you have any questions or notice any changes in your condition.
Question: How do defibrillation and electric cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) differ?
Answer: But sometimes, people can take it as a pill. These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. In defibrillation, doctors use high-voltage shocks to treat life-threatening arrhythmias or a heart that has stopped.
Question: What are the benefits of exercise in adults with ADHD?
Answer: Fitness can have the following benefits for adults with ADHD: Ease stress and anxiety. Improve impulse control and reduce compulsive behavior. Enhance working memory. Improve executive function. That's the set of skills needed to plan, organize, and remember details. Increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. That's a protein involved in learning and memory. It's in short supply in people with ADHD.
Question: What are the other benefits of exercise relative to ADHD symptoms?
Answer: Beyond helping with ADHD symptoms, exercise has several other benefits. Getting regular workouts can help you: Stay at a healthy weight. That's important because evidence suggests that people with ADHD are more likely to become obese. Reduce your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in a normal range. Strengthen your bones. Improve your mood and self-esteem.
Question: How can exercise help adults with ADHD?
Answer: When you exercise, your brain releases chemicals called neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which help with attention and clear thinking. People with ADHD often have less dopamine than usual in their brain. The stimulant medicines that are often used to treat adult ADHD work by increasing the availability of dopamine in the brain. So it makes sense that a workout can have many of the same effects as stimulant drugs.
Question: How can ADHD affect adults?
Answer: Fitness can have the following benefits for adults with ADHD: Ease stress and anxiety.
Question: Can adults have ADHD?
Answer: Adults can have this condition, too. ADHD can make it hard for adults to pay attention, control their emotions, and finish tasks.
Question: How often should adults with ADHD exercise?
Answer: Health experts recommend that you get at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise a week. That works out to about 30 minutes of fitness a day, five days a week.
Question: What are the benefits of exercise beyond helping ADHD symptoms?
Answer: Beyond helping with ADHD symptoms, exercise has several other benefits. Getting regular workouts can help you: Stay at a healthy weight. That's important because evidence suggests that people with ADHD are more likely to become obese. Reduce your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in a normal range. Strengthen your bones. Improve your mood and self-esteem.
Question: Does exercise help ADHD in adults?
Answer: Research is finding that getting regular fitness can improve thinking ability, and it may improve the symptoms of adult ADHD.
Question: How often should you exercise to help with adult ADHD?
Answer: That works out to about 30 minutes of fitness a day, five days a week. If you're doing more intense aerobic workouts -- such as running or taking indoor cycling classes -- you can get away with about 75 minutes of exercise a week. As long as you're sweating and your heart is pumping, you're likely to see real, positive effects from exercise on your ADHD symptoms.
Question: How are adults with ADHD treated?
Answer: Research is finding that getting regular fitness can improve thinking ability, and it may improve the symptoms of adult ADHD. Beyond helping with ADHD symptoms, exercise has several other benefits. Getting regular workouts can help you: Stay at a healthy weight.
Question: How much can you whiten your teeth?
Answer: So if you change the color of the teeth around them, you might wind up with an uneven smile or need to replace old fillings and crowns.
Question: What should I do before I whiten my teeth at home?
Answer: Get a professional cleaning and mouth exam, even if you decide to whiten your teeth at home. You might only need a thorough cleaning to restore your smile's sparkle. Your dentist will also look for cavities and check the health of your gums during the exam. Treating any problems before you whiten is safer for your mouth. Ask your dentist about which over-the-counter system to use and how much lightening you can expect. Teeth do darken with age, and the amount of color change varies from person to person.
Question: What should you keep in mind when buying at-home whiteners for teeth?
Answer: At-home whiteners have peroxides, typically carbamide peroxide, in amounts ranging from 10% to 20%. Choose a product with a peroxide level somewhere in the middle of that range. If the product doesn't bother your mouth but doesn't provide the lightening effect you want, you can choose a higher level. If you have any questions, your dentist can help you find the whitener that best fits your needs.
Question: What are the side effects of at-home teeth whiteners?
Answer: Ask your dentist about which over-the-counter system to use and how much lightening you can expect. Don't leave the strips or gels on longer than advised -- you might wind up with sore gums and set yourself up for other problems. It's a good idea to stop using the product if you start having this problem.
Question: How many servings of fruit and vegetables should I eat to lose weight without fad diets?
Answer: How many depends on your age, sex, and activity level. A good reference point for adults is 2 to 3 cups of vegetables and 1.5 to 2 servings of fruits a day.
Question: How can I stock my kitchen if I want to lose weight without fad diets?
Answer: Then, fill your fridge and cupboards with lean protein, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, good fats, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products. Pile on the salad and super servings of green beans, broccoli, cabbage, kale, or other low-calorie vegetables instead of high-fat foods, breads, pasta, and desserts.
Question: What are the side effects of using opioids for pain relief?
Answer: Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain.
Question: What are some other pain relievers?
Answer: The most common side effects include: Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Another means of topical pain relief comes in the form of a lidocaine ( Lidoderm) patch, which is a prescription medication. If your pain is not relieved by the usual treatments, your doctor may refer you to a pain management specialist. Doctors who specialize in pain management may try other treatments such as certain types of physical therapy or other kinds of medicine. They may also recommend TENS, a procedure that uses patches placed on the skin to send signals that may help stop pain. Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is a method of pain control that allows the patient to control the amount of pain medication administered. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient receives a pre-measured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area.
Question: What are opioids?
Answer: Some examples of opioids include: Morphine Fentanyl Oxycodone Codeine Opioids are effective for severe pain and do not cause bleeding in the stomach or other parts of the body, as can some other types of pain relievers. It is rare for people to become addicted to opioids if the drugs are used to treat pain for a short period of time.
Question: What are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers?
Answer: Over-the-counter ( OTC) pain relievers include: Acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) or naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs reduce fever and relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, but only NSAIDs can also reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Acetaminophen and NSAIDs also work differently. NSAIDs relieve pain by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain. Acetaminophen works on the parts of the brain that receive the "pain messages." NSAIDs are also available in a prescription strength that can be prescribed by your physician. Using NSAIDs increase the risk of heart attack or stroke and have also been known to cause stomach ulcers and bleeding. They can also cause kidney problems.
Question: What are some prescription pain relievers?
Answer: Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions.
Question: What are the side effects of using antidepressants for pain relief?
Answer: In general, antidepressants have fewer long-term side effects than frequent, ongoing use of other pain medicines. Generally, SSRIs and SNRIs have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders.
Question: Which antidepressants work best to treat pain?
Answer: Chronic pain conditions treated by low-dose antidepressants include some types of headaches (like migraines) and menstrual pain. Some antidepressant medications include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) such as citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine ( Norpramin), doxepin ( Silenor), imipramine ( Tofranil), and nortriptyline ( Pamelor) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) such as venlafaxine ( Effexor) and duloxetine ( Cymbalta) These drugs require a steady dose of the medicine buildup in the body over a period of time to work. The doses needed to treat pain are often lower than those needed to treat depression.
Question: What are anticonvulsants?
Answer: The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders. Some of these medications are shown to be effective in treating pain as well. The exact way in which these medicines control pain is unclear but it is thought that they minimize the effects of nerves that cause pain. Some examples include carbamazepine ( Tegretol), gabapentin ( Neurontin), and pregabalin ( Lyrica).
Question: How do antidepressants treat pain relief?
Answer: Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. These medications can increase the availability of the body's signals for well-being and relaxation, enabling pain control for some people with chronic pain conditions that do not completely respond to usual treatments. Research suggests antidepressants work best for neuropathic or nerve pain.
Question: What are some topical pain relievers?
Answer: Topical pain relievers are also available without a doctor's prescription. These products include creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain from sore muscles and arthritis. Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions.
Question: What are the side effects of using anticonvulsants?
Answer: Some of these medications are shown to be effective in treating pain as well. The most common side effects include: Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Another means of topical pain relief comes in the form of a lidocaine ( Lidoderm) patch, which is a prescription medication.
Question: What is Apremilast (Otezla) and some of its side effects?
Answer: Apremilast is a drug you take by mouth that's approved to treat psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis in adults. It curbs phosphodiesterase-4 ( PDE-4), an enzyme that controls inflammation. Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Some people in studies who took the drug lost weight. If you use the medicine, it's recommended that you check your weight regularly and watch out for signs of depression.
Question: What biologics are approved by the FDA to treat psoriasis?
Answer: Biologic medicines approved by the FDA to treat moderate to severe psoriasis include: Adalimumab ( Humira), a TNF-alpha-blocking antibody Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Brodalumab ( Siliq), a human antibody against interleukins Certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), a TNF-alpha blocker Etanercept ( Enbrel), a TNF-alpha blocker Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), a biosimilar like Enbrel Guselkumab ( Tremfya), an antibody against interleukins Infliximab ( Remicade), a TNF-alpha blocker Ixekizumab ( Taltz), an antibody that binds to inflammation-causing proteins/interleukins Risankizumab-rzaa ( SKYRIZI), an antibody against interleukins Secukinumab ( Cosentyx), a human antibody against interleukins Ustekinumab ( Stelara), a human antibody against interleukins Biologics are good at treating psoriasis.
Question: How were past research treatments of psoriasis executed?
Answer: Research in psoriasis doesn't always make headlines -- or win funding -- like discoveries in cancer or heart disease. And studies are hamstrung by the one-of-a-kind nature of your skin. Unlike many other diseases, experiments on mice or other animals aren't very helpful. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. It turns out that some of the problems in those conditions are active in psoriasis, as well.
Question: What do new psoriasis treatments look like?
Answer: Research in psoriasis doesn't always make headlines -- or win funding -- like discoveries in cancer or heart disease. And studies are hamstrung by the one-of-a-kind nature of your skin. Unlike many other diseases, experiments on mice or other animals aren't very helpful. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. It turns out that some of the problems in those conditions are active in psoriasis, as well. The new info brought treatments that target specific areas of your immune system. Called biologics, these drugs launched a new era of psoriasis treatment.
Question: What were some of the older treatments for psoriasis compared to the newer treatments?
Answer: In the 1960s and '70s, new info about how the immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- plays a role in psoriasis led to several new treatments. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. The new info brought treatments that target specific areas of your immune system.
Question: Are biologics effective in treating psoriasis?
Answer: New biologic therapies work well to treat psoriasis, and other new treatments are close to FDA approval. In clinical trials, each of the drugs lowered psoriasis activity by at least 75% in many people.
Question: What is the definition of hypnosis?
Answer: Hypnosis is defined as an altered state of awareness in which you appear to be asleep or in a trance. Clinical hypnosis may be used to treat certain physical or psychological problems. For instance, it is frequently used to help patients control pain. It is also used in a wide range of other conditions such as weight issues, speech disorders, and addiction problems.