anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Which properties of the mRNA does N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affect?
Answer: N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse effects on mRNA fate. m6A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability.
Question: Which trancription factor activates the betalain pathway?
Answer: The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pathway.
Question: Which is the relation between sweating and anaerobic threshold?
Answer: There is no clear evidence of the relationship between sweating and anaerobic threshold
Question: What type of drug is apixaban?
Answer: Apixaban is an anticoagulant.
Question: Which bacteria caused plague?
Answer: Yersinia pestis is the causative bacteria of the plague.
Question: What distinguishes lantibiotics from antibiotics?
Answer: Lantibiotic compounds are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides against which bacteria are not able to produce resistance, hence making them a good alternative to antibiotics. It is interesting that low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Given that there are very few examples of naturally occurring lantibiotic resistance, attempts have been made to deliberately induce resistance phenotypes in order to investigate this phenomenon. Other general forms of resistance include the formation of spores or biofilms, which are a common mechanistic response to many classes of antimicrobials.
Question: What distinguishes lantibiotics from antibiotics?
Answer: One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides. Low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Nisin is the oldest and the most widely used lantibiotic, in food preservation, without having developed any significant resistance against it.
Question: What distinguishes lantibiotics from antibiotics?
Answer: One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides.
Question: What tyrosine kinase, involved in a Philadelphia- chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, is the target of Imatinib (Gleevec)?
Answer: The fusion protein BCR-ABL
Question: What disease is the ALK tyrosine kinase associated with?
Answer: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and many kinds of ALK fusion genes have been found in a variety of carcinomas
Question: Which type of cells is affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Answer: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which motor neurons are affected.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, and altered circuits can lead to abnormal behaviour and disease. Five novel genetic variants influencing the volumes of the putamen and caudate nucleus were identified. These variants show specific volumetric effects on brain structures rather than global effects across structures. The strongest effects were found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945270; P = 1.08 × 10(-33); 0.52% variance explained) showed evidence of altering the expression of the KTN1 gene in both brain and blood tissue.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. The strongest effects are found for the putamen and caudate nucleus, where a novel intergenic locus with replicative influence on volume and the intracranial volume derived from magnetic resonance images of 30,717 individuals from 50 cohort.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. The strongest effects are found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945330; P = 1.08 × 10(-33); 0.52% variance explained. In caudate nucleus scientists have identified five novel genetic variants influenced the volumes of putamen and caudated nucleus.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: The putamen is the most affected by common genetic variants. It is the subcortical brain structure responsible for learning, memory and motivation.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: The putamen is the most influenced by common genetic variants. It is the subcortical brain structure responsible for learning, memory and motivation.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. The strongest effects are found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945280; P = 1.08 × 10(-33); 0.52% variance explained) showed evidence of altering the expression of theKTN1 gene in both brain and blood tissue. Variants affecting putamen volume clustered near developmental genes that regulate apoptosis, axon guidance and vesicle transport.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: The putamen is the most influenced by common genetic variants. It is the subcortical brain structure responsible for learning and memory consolidation.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. The strongest effects are found for the putamen and caudate nucleus, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume and intracranial volume have been identified.
Question: Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants?
Answer: The putamen is the most affected by common genetic variants. It is the subcortical brain structure responsible for learning and memory consolidation.
Question: Which is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome?
Answer: Myoclonic astatic epilepsy is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome, which is a difficult to treat idiopathic generalized epilepsy of early childhood.
Question: Which disease risk can be estimated with the Stop-Bang questionnaire?
Answer: Stop-Bang questionnaire is used to predict risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Question: Name an lncRNA associated with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Answer: The lncRNA H19 is significantly upregulated in the myocardial tissue in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Question: Can you define iatrogenic disease?
Answer: An iatrogenic disease is one that arises from treatment of another illness, such as an arrythmia that results from surgery or and hospital aquired infection in an immunocompromised patient.
Question: Name synonym of Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica.
Answer: Acrokeratosis paraneoplastic (Bazex syndrome) is a rare, but distinctive paraneoplastic dermatosis characterized by erythematosquamous lesions located at the acral sites and is most commonly associated with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Question: When was vaxchora first licensed by the FDA?
Answer: Vaxchora was licensed by the FDA on June 10 2016.
Question: Which deiodinase is known to be present in liver?
Answer: High D1 and D3 activities are present in fetal human liver, and high D1 and mostly absent D3 activities are present in adult human liver.
Question: Which company developed ivosidenib?
Answer: Ivosidenib has been developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals.
Question: When did eptinezumab get its first FDA approval?
Answer: In February 2020, eptinezumab was approved in the USA for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.
Question: Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors?
Answer: MethPed
Question: Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors?
Answer: The MethPed R package efficiently classifies pediatric brain tumors using the developed MethPed classifier. MethPed is available via Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/MethPed/
Question: Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors?
Answer: The MethPed classifier, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from many subgroups of pediatric brain tumors
Question: Which MAP kinase phosphorylates the transcription factor c-jun?
Answer: c-Jun is phosphorylated by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK).
Question: Which MAP kinase phosphorylates the transcription factor c-jun?
Answer: An in vitro kinase assay revealed that c-Jun phosphorylation is primarily mediated via activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK).
Question: What cellular process are okazaki fragments associated with?
Answer: Okazaki fragments are involved in DNA replication
Question: How early during pregnancy does non-invasive cffDNA testing allow sex determination of the fetus?
Answer: Using cffDNA from maternal blood, the fetal gender can be determined as early as 6 to 10 weeks of gestation (during the first trimester of pregnancy).
Question: Describe a diet that reduces the chance of kidney stones.
Answer: People can help prevent kidney stones by making changes in fluid intake and, depending on the type of kidney stone, changes in consumption of sodium, animal protein, calcium, and oxalate.
Drinking enough fluids each day is the best way to help prevent most types of kidney stones. Health care providers recommend that a person drink 2 to 3 liters of fluid a day. People with cystine stones may need to drink even more. Though water is best, other fluids may also help prevent kidney stones, such as citrus drinks.
Question: What is the gene mutated in the Gaucher disease?
Answer: The glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA)
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The TLR7 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor gene and is located on chromosome X (X chromosome).
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The TLR7 locus acts on the X chromosome in humans and is located on chromosome 9 (XC7)
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded on X chromosome Xp22.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) In this review we will discuss the role of the X chromosome encoded toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the development of autoimmunity.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: TLR7 (located on the X chromosome). Since the TLR7 gene is localized on the chromosome X, the allelic frequency of the Gln11Leu polymorphism was analyzed separately in males and females. TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production. Xp22 harbours the TLR7 and TLR8 genes.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded on X chromosome XP22.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production . The major candidate gene for causation of the Yaa-associated autoimmune phenotypes has been TLR7 . The Toll like receptor 7 gene is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR 7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells .
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded by a gene on X chromosome Xp22.
Question: Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?
Answer: TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse. X-Chromosome complement and estrogen receptor signaling independently contribute to the enhanced TLR 7-mediated IFN-α production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from women.
Question: Cemiplimab is used for treatment of which cancer?
Answer: Cemiplimab is a PD-1 inhibitor that is approved for treatment of metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Question: Which database associates human noncoding SNPs with their three-dimensional interacting genes?
Answer: 3DSNP is a database for linking human noncoding SNPs to their three-dimensional interacting genes. It a valuable resource for the annotation of human noncoding genome sequence and investigating the impact of noncoding variants on clinical phenotypes.
Question: What is the predicted function for TMEM132 family?
Answer: The TMEM132 family proteins are strongly predicted to have a cellular adhesion function, connecting the extracellular medium with the intracellular actin cytoskeleton.
Question: Which disease can be classified with the Awaji Criteria?
Answer: Awaji Criteria are used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Question: Patients of which disease could be treated by utilizing knowledge obtained from experiments suppressing TDP-43 toxicity in yeast?
Answer: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Question: Patients of which disease could be treated by utilizing knowledge obtained from experiments suppressing TDP-43 toxicity in yeast?
Answer: The strongest suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity was deletion of DBR1, which encodes an RNA lariat debranching enzyme. We show that, in the absence of Dbr1 enzymatic activity, intronic lariats accumulate in the cytoplasm and likely act as decoys to sequester TDP-43, preventing it from interfering with essential cellular RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Knockdown of Dbr1 in a human neuronal cell line or in primary rat neurons is also sufficient to rescue TDP-43 toxicity. Our findings provide insight into TDP-43-mediated cytotoxicity and suggest that decreasing Dbr1 activity could be a potential therapeutic approach for ALS
Question: Which virus type causes Molluscum contagiosum?
Answer: Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a human poxvirus that causes tumor-like skin lesions.
Question: Which test is used for the definition of colour-blindness?
Answer: Color-blindness problems are detected by the Ishihara Test.
Question: Which test is used for the definition of colour-blindness?
Answer: 12 patients had color blindness based on the Ishihara test
Question: Which test is used for the definition of colour-blindness?
Answer: 12 patients had color blindness based on the Ishihara test.
Question: What is the indication for Mirabegron?
Answer: Mirabegron, the first 尾3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.
Question: What is the indication for Mirabegron?
Answer: mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (oab) syndrome symptoms.
Question: What is the indication for Mirabegron?
Answer: Mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.
Question: What is the indication for Mirabegron?
Answer: Mirabegron, the first �3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.
Question: What is the indication for Mirabegron?
Answer: Mirabegron, the first 3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.
Question: Which SLC family is FLVCR1 a member of?
Answer: Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1) is a member of the SLC49 family.
Question: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body?
Answer: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland
Question: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body?
Answer: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland.
Question: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body?
Answer: Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary.
Question: Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body?
Answer: Most cases of Cushing's syndrome are due to increased adrenocorticotropic hormone production from a pituitary adenoma,
Question: What is the indication for KYMRIAH?
Answer: Kymriah™ has been approved for the treatment of pediatric patients and young adults with refractory or relapse (R/R) B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Question: Inhibition of which transporter is the mechanism of action of drug Canagliflozin?
Answer: Inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the major mechanism of action of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is under regulatory review in the EU. Other SGLT2 inhibitors include dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: DNaseI hypersensitive sites correspond to regions along genomic regulatory regions where transcription starts and stops.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: Hypersensitive sites are chromosomal regions up to 2kb distant to known genomic regulatory regions and 5 kb from known regulatory regions.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: Hypersensitivity of cis-regulatory elements to digestion with DNaseI remains the gold-standard approach to locating such elements.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: DNaseI hypersensitive sites correspond to regions of the genome that have recently been isolated as well as specific genomic regulatory regions.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: DNaseI hypersensitive sites are chromosomal regions up to 2kb distant to known genomic regulatory regions and 5 kb from known regulatory regions.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: DNAaseI hypersensitive sites consist of covalent domains that are hypersensitive to DNA polymerase I and are generally found in genomic regulatory regions where transcription starts and stops at these regions.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: Mapping DNaseI hypersensitive sites is commonly used to identify regulatory regions in the genome.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: In genetics, DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of chromatin that are sensitive to cleavage by the DNase I enzyme. In these specific regions of the genome, chromatin has lost its condensed structure, exposing the DNA and making it accessible.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: Yes, DNaseI hypersensitive sites have been shown to be markers for all types of active cis-acting regulatory elements, including promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: DNA hypomethylation and the presence of DNaseI hypersensitive sites correlate with transcriptional activity of P1.1. Mapping sites within the genome that are hypersensitive to digestion withDNaseI is an important method for identifying DNA elements that regulate transcription.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: The identification of cis-regulatory elements is central to understanding gene transcription. Hypersensitivity of cis-regulatory elements to digestion with DNaseI remains the gold-standard approach to locating such elements in regions of open chromatin.
Question: What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites?
Answer: Mapping sites within the genome that are hypersensitive to digestion with DNaseI is an important method for identifying DNA elements that regulate transcription . The identification of cis-regulatory elements is central to understanding gene transcription . Of two promoter-like duplications in each spacer, only the most upstream copy is associated with hypersensitivity to DNAaseI .
Question: What is targeted by Palbociclib?
Answer: Necitumumab is a fully human IgG(1) monoclonal antibody directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is used for treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products and occur in metasynchronous waves
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: before interphase 14
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. In many animals, the first few hours of life proceed with little or no transcription, and developmental regulation at these early stages is dependent on maternal cytoplasm rather than the zygotic nucleus.
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: In Drosophila embryogenesis mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.
Question: For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?
Answer: Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. An exceptional case of  Nos-independent regulation by  Pum has been described-repression of maternal bicoid (bcd) m RNA at the anterior pole of the early embryo, dependent on both  Pum and conserved  Pum binding sites in the 3'- UTR of the m RNA
Question: Which main ribotype of Clostridium difficile is responsible of the recent outbreak?
Answer: The outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of CDI in some countries.
Question: Which enzyme is involved in the maintenance of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methylation?
Answer: The mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1, DNMT1 is the major enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the DNA methylation patterns on the newly synthesized strand after DNA replication. DNMT1 prefers hemimethylated DNA and during DNA replication methylates hemimethylated CpG sites by copying methylation patterns from the parental DNA strand to the newly synthesized daughter strand. The equivalent of DNMT1 in plants is MET1.
Question: What is the mechanism of action of Brigatinib?
Answer: Brigatinib targets anaplastic lymphoma kinase. It is used for treatment of lung cancer (NSCLC).
Question: What particles is Hadron therapy using?
Answer: Hadron therapy is using proton beams.