anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by an infection?
Answer: Swelling in the feet and ankles can be a sign of infection. People with diabetic neuropathy or other nerve problems of the feet are at greater risk for foot infections. If you have diabetes, it is important to inspect feet daily for blisters and sores, because nerve damage can blunt the pain sensation and foot problems can progress quickly. If you notice a swollen foot or blister that appears to be infected, contact your doctor right away.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by a foot or ankle injury?
Answer: An injury to the foot or ankle can lead to swelling. The most common is a sprained ankle, which occurs when an injury or misstep causes the ligaments that hold the ankle in place to be stretched beyond their normal range. To reduce the swelling from a foot or ankle injury, rest to avoid walking on the injured ankle or foot, use ice packs, wrap the foot or ankle with compression bandage, and elevate the foot on a stool or pillow. If swelling and pain is severe or doesn't improve with home treatment, see your doctor.
Question: What should you do if your medications are causing swollen ankles and feet?
Answer: If you suspect swelling may be related to a drug you are taking, speak to your doctor. Although the benefits of the drug may be worth enduring some swelling, more severe swelling could make it necessary to change the medication or its dosage.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by pregnancy complications?
Answer: Some swelling of the ankles and feet is normal during pregnancy. Sudden or excessive swelling, however, may be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition in which high blood pressure and protein in the urine develop after the 20th week of pregnancy. If you experience severe swelling or swelling accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, headaches, infrequent urination, nausea and vomiting, or vision changes, call your doctor immediately.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by lymphedema?
Answer: This is a collection of lymphatic fluid in the tissues that can develop because of the absence of or problems with the lymph vessels or after the removal of lymph nodes. Lymph is a protein-rich fluid that normally travels along an extensive network of vessels and capillaries. It is filtered through the lymph nodes, which trap and destroy unwanted substances, such as bacteria. When there is a problem with the vessels or lymph nodes, however, the fluid's movement can be blocked. Untreated, lymph buildup can impair wound healing and lead to infection and deformity. Lymphedema is common following radiation therapy or removal of the lymph nodes in patients with cancer. If you have undergone cancer treatment and experience swelling, see your doctor right away.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are a serious problem?
Answer: But feet and ankles that stay swollen or are accompanied by other symptoms could signal a serious health problem.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by a blood clot?
Answer: Blood clots that form in the veins of the legs can stop the return flow of blood from the legs back up to the heart and cause swelling in the ankles and feet. Blood clots can be either superficial (occurring in the veins just beneath the skin), or deep (a condition known as deep vein thrombosis). Deep clots can block one or more of the major veins of the legs. These blood clots can be life-threatening if they break loose and travel to the heart and lungs. If you have swelling in one leg, along with pain, low-grade fever, and possibly a change in color of the affected leg, call your doctor immediately. Treatment with blood thinners may be necessary.
Question: What medications can cause swollen ankles and feet?
Answer: Medication side effect. Many drugs can cause swelling in the feet and ankles as a possible side effect. They include: Hormones such as estrogen (found in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy) and testosterone Calcium channel blockers, a type of blood pressure medication, which includes nifedipine ( Adalat, Afeditab, Nifediac, Nifedical, Procardia), amlodipine ( Norvasc), diltiazem ( Cardizem, Cartia, Dilacor, Diltia, Tiazac), felodipine ( Plendil), and verapamil ( Calan, Covera- HS, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan) Steroids, including androgenic and anabolic steroids and corticosteroids such as prednisone Antidepressants, including: tricyclics, such as nortriptyline ( Pamelor, Aventyl), desipramine ( Norpramin), and amitriptyline ( Elavil, Endep, Vanatrip); and monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors such as phenelzine ( Nardil) and tranylcypromine ( Parnate) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Diabetes medications.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by venous insufficiency?
Answer: Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to skin changes, skin ulcers, and infection. If you experience signs of venous insufficiency you should see your doctor. Blood clots that form in the veins of the legs can stop the return flow of blood from the legs back up to the heart and cause swelling in the ankles and feet. Deep clots can block one or more of the major veins of the legs.
Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by heart, liver, or kidney disease?
Answer: Swelling in the feet and ankles can be a sign of infection. Heart, liver, or kidney disease. Kidney disease can also cause foot and ankle swelling. When kidneys are not functioning properly, fluid can build up in the body. Liver disease can affect the liver's production of a protein called albumin, which keeps the blood from leaking out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. Inadequate albumin production can lead to fluid leakage. Gravity causes fluid to accumulate more in the feet and ankles, but fluid can also accumulate in the abdomen and chest. If your swelling is accompanied by other symptoms, including fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight gain, see your doctor right away. If you feel short of breath or have chest pain, pressure, or tightness, call 911.
Question: How can pregnancy or childbirth cause a hot flash?
Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.
Question: Does breast cancer cause hot flashes?
Answer: Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, ovary removal, and antiestrogen therapy can bring on what's called chemical menopause. And with it comes lower estrogen levels and symptoms like hot flashes. Hot flashes that result from breast cancer treatment can be more frequent and severe than natural ones. If you've been through menopause already and had hot flashes then, you'll probably get them again if you take tamoxifen to treat your cancer. They'll be about as severe and happen about as often as the first time around.
Question: Does pregnancy or recent childbirth cause hot flashes?
Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.
Question: What can set off a hot flash?
Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.
Question: What is a hot flash?
Answer: The technical term is vasomotor symptom. It comes along with a drop in your body's level of the hormone estrogen. Another name you might hear is night sweats. They are hot flashes that wake you up after you've gone to bed.
Question: How is a hot flash related to menopause?
Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.
Question: How can multiple sclerosis (MS) cause a hot flash?
Answer: Heat can make your symptoms worse, whether it's hot and humid outside or you have a fever. You might notice what's called Uhthoff's sign, changes in vision when you get too hot. Any problems should go away once you cool back down. Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.
Question: What are the characteristics of a hot flash?
Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.
Question: Are there any specific factors that might cause a hot flash to last longer?
Answer: You might also have them longer if you smoke, are overweight, stressed, depressed, or anxious. Your heritage can also play a role. African- American women have them for about 11 years. But for Asian women, it's about half that time.
Question: How can prostate or testicular cancer cause a hot flash?
Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.
Question: What do you feel when you get a hot flash?
Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.
Question: What can lead to hot flashes?
Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.
Question: What does it mean when you feel hot?
Answer: But that's not the only reason you could lose your cool. It could be a reaction to spicy food or signs of an illness. And you don't have to be female to have one. Men get them, too.
Question: What can cause a menopausal hot flash?
Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.
Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause hot flashes?
Answer: Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.
Question: Does prostate and testicular cancer cause hot flashes?
Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.
Question: When do hot flashes happen?
Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.
Question: How long will I have hot flashes?
Answer: There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. But a new study of women nationwide says it may be more like 7 to 11 years. Plus, the earlier into menopause you start to have them, the longer they're likely to continue.
Question: How can thyroid disease cause a hot flash?
Answer: Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. It might even bring on early menopause (before you turn 40 or in your early 40s). There are medications to treat this problem. Once you get it under control, your hot flashes will ease up. Menopause might get back on schedule, too.
Question: How can breast cancer cause a hot flash?
Answer: Breast cancer. Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, ovary removal, and antiestrogen therapy can bring on what's called chemical menopause. If you've been through menopause already and had hot flashes then, you'll probably get them again if you take tamoxifen to treat your cancer. They'll be about as severe and happen about as often as the first time around.
Question: How long will you have hot flashes?
Answer: There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. For years, the answer was 6 months to 2 years. But a new study of women nationwide says it may be more like 7 to 11 years. Plus, the earlier into menopause you start to have them, the longer they're likely to continue. You might also have them longer if you smoke, are overweight, stressed, depressed, or anxious. Your heritage can also play a role. African- American women have them for about 11 years. But for Asian women, it's about half that time.
Question: Does thyroid disease cause hot flashes?
Answer: Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. It might even bring on early menopause (before you turn 40 or in your early 40s). There are medications to treat this problem. Once you get it under control, your hot flashes will ease up. Menopause might get back on schedule, too.
Question: What happens after LASEK eye surgery?
Answer: After LASEK eye surgery, expectations are similar to what can be expected after LASIK. The flap created by LASEK eye surgery heals in about four to seven days, and the patient usually wears a special contact lens that acts as a bandage for up to four days after surgery.
Question: When should I call my doctor about laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: Once you have gone through your evaluation your surgeon will answer any questions you may have.
Question: What are possible side effects of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: Side effects may include: Sensation of having a foreign object in your eye (lasts anywhere from one to four days) Temporarily reduced vision under poorly lit conditions (up to 12 months) Dry eyes, requiring the use of moisturizing drops (up to six months) Hazy or cloudy vision (should disappear within six to nine months) LASEK eye surgery may be better for patients who have steep or very thin corneas, which make it difficult for the surgeon to make a proper LASIK flap.
Question: What is laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: Laser epithelial keratomileusis, or LASEK, combines benefits of the two most commonly performed procedures -- LASIK and PRK. LASEK eye surgery is used to treat astigmatism, nearsightedness, or farsightedness.
Question: How do I prepare for laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery if I have contact lenses?
Answer: If you wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses, you should not wear them for at least three days before your evaluation. Other types of contact lenses shouldn't be worn for at least three days prior to the evaluation.
Question: What happens after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: After LASEK eye surgery, expectations are similar to what can be expected after LASIK. The flap created by LASEK eye surgery heals in about four to seven days, and the patient usually wears a special contact lens that acts as a bandage for up to four days after surgery. Patients also may experience irritation in their eye during the first day or two after LASEK eye surgery.
Question: When should you call a doctor about LASEK eye surgery?
Answer: Once you have gone through your evaluation your surgeon will answer any questions you may have.
Question: What happens during LASEK eye surgery?
Answer: LASEK eye surgery is done under a topical anesthesia placed directly into the eye. During the procedure, the top layer of cells, or epithelium, is treated with alcohol for about 30 seconds and detached from the underlying tissue. It is then lifted or rolled back so that the eye doctor can access the cornea tissue. The newly exposed tissue is treated with the same laser used in LASIK eye surgery and PRK. Then the top layer of cells is put into place. This is in contrast to LASIK eye surgery, in which a laser or cutting device makes a flap in the cornea. LASEK eye surgery differs from PRK by preserving the top layer of cells, rather than scraping them away and waiting for them to grow back. This is believed to facilitate healing of the cornea with less discomfort than PRK, but it also causes more blurriness during the first few days compared to PRK.
Question: How do you know if LASEK eye surgery is right for you?
Answer: Side effects may include: Sensation of having a foreign object in your eye (lasts anywhere from one to four days) Temporarily reduced vision under poorly lit conditions (up to 12 months) Dry eyes, requiring the use of moisturizing drops (up to six months) Hazy or cloudy vision (should disappear within six to nine months) LASEK eye surgery may be better for patients who have steep or very thin corneas, which make it difficult for the surgeon to make a proper LASIK flap. Since traumatic injury to the eye is more serious after LASIK than after LASEK eye surgery, patients who engage in professional or leisure activities that put their eyes at increased risk for injury (such as boxing) may be better suited for LASEK. LASEK (or PRK) eye surgery may be better for people with dry eye syndrome because in avoiding a deeper flap, the corneal nerves responsible for the tearing reflex are not cut.
Question: What happens during laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: In LASEK eye surgery, various techniques are used to retain the very thin corneal surface layer of cells (epithelium) that is used to recover the cornea after the laser sculpting is performed. With LASIK, a thicker flap is created using a laser or mechanical device (microkeratome) under which the laser sculpting is done.
Question: What are the disadvantages of LASEK eye surgery?
Answer: LASEK eye surgery causes dry eye less frequently than LASIK eye surgery. Many LASEK patients will not fully recover functional vision for at least one to two weeks while their eye heals, which is similar to the healing time experienced in PRK eye surgery. LASIK patients often have good vision by the day after surgery. LASEK eye surgery usually causes more pain and discomfort than LASIK , but possibly less pain than PRK surgery. Patients need to wear a "bandage contact lens" for about three or four days after LASEK eye surgery to serve as a protective layer between your blinking eyelids and the treated eye surface, which is not necessary after LASIK. Patients must use topical steroid drops for several weeks longer than after LASIK eye surgery.
Question: What are the disadvantages of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: LASEK eye surgery causes dry eye less frequently than LASIK eye surgery. Many LASEK patients will not fully recover functional vision for at least one to two weeks while their eye heals, which is similar to the healing time experienced in PRK eye surgery. LASIK patients often have good vision by the day after surgery. LASEK eye surgery usually causes more pain and discomfort than LASIK , but possibly less pain than PRK surgery. Patients need to wear a "bandage contact lens" for about three or four days after LASEK eye surgery to serve as a protective layer between your blinking eyelids and the treated eye surface, which is not necessary after LASIK. Patients must use topical steroid drops for several weeks longer than after LASIK eye surgery.
Question: What is LASEK eye surgery?
Answer: Laser epithelial keratomileusis, or LASEK, combines benefits of the two most commonly performed procedures -- LASIK and PRK. LASEK eye surgery is used to treat astigmatism, nearsightedness, or farsightedness. The newly exposed tissue is treated with the same laser used in LASIK eye surgery and PRK. This is in contrast to LASIK eye surgery, in which a laser or cutting device makes a flap in the cornea.
Question: How do I prepare for laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) eye surgery?
Answer: During this session your medical history will be evaluated and your eyes will be tested. Likely tests include measuring corneal thickness, refraction, corneal mapping, eye pressure, and pupil dilation. Once you have gone through your evaluation your surgeon will answer any questions you may have. Afterwards, you can schedule an appointment for the procedure. You will revisit the doctor for an evaluation the day after LASEK eye surgery, and commonly one week and three months after surgery.
Question: What is post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)?
Answer: Sometimes, people go through treatment for Lyme disease but their symptoms (feeling run-down and achy) don't go away. If this lasts over 6 months, it's known as chronic Lyme disease or âpost-treatment Lyme disease syndromeâ ( PTLDS).
Question: Which antibiotic is best for Lyme disease treatment?
Answer: Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days.
Question: How do doctors decide which antibiotics to use to treat Lyme disease?
Answer: If your Lyme disease is found soon after you've been infected, your doctor will start you on antibiotics: Doxycycline Amoxicillin Cefuroxime Which drug you're prescribed will depend on your age. Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days. The earlier Lyme disease is found, the better. Most people who start treatment in this stage improve quickly. If not, your doctor may need to prescribe another course of antibiotics.