anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Answer: When the FDA approved the first human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccine in 2006, it was big news. It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. During intercourse or oral sex, HPV can make its way into the genitals, mouth, or throat and cause infection. Sexually transmitted HPV comes in more than 40 different varieties. The type of the virus you get determines what effects it has on your body. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Other HPV types can make cells turn cancerous.
Question: What are the symptoms of human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. There's no sore throat or fever to let you know you've been infected. Most people clear the infection on their own. In fact, you might have absolutely no idea you've been infected until you develop genital warts or have an abnormal Pap test. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.
Question: Who can catch the human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Though HPV might not be as well known among sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) as herpes or syphilis, it is actually the most common STI. If you're sexually active, there's a very good chance of being infected with HPV at some point in your life. That's why immunization is so important. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.
Question: How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Answer: Your doctor may start you out with two injections a day of two different types of insulin. You may progress to three or four shots a day. Most insulin comes in a small glass bottle called a vial. You draw it out with a syringe that has a needle on the end, and give yourself the shot. Some now comes in a prefilled pen. One kind is inhaled. You can also get it from a pump -- a device you wear that sends it into your body via a small tube. Your doctor will help you to pick the type and the delivery method that's best for you.
Question: How do people manage type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Many people with type 1 diabetes live long, healthy lives. The key to good health is to keep your blood sugar levels within the range your doctor gives you. You'll need to check them often and adjust insulin, food, and activities to make that happen.
Question: What are the signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels.
Question: What do people with type 1 diabetes use to control their blood sugar?
Answer: All people with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood sugar.
Question: What should you know about insulin and type 1 diabetes?
Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. " Duration" is how long it keeps working after onset.
Question: What types of insulin are available for people with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Several types of insulin are available. Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.
Question: What types of insulin are available for type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.
Question: How can food be used to treat type 1 diabetes?
Answer: You'll also need to understand how food affects your blood sugar. Once you know the roles that carbs, fats, and protein play, you can build a healthy eating plan that helps keep your levels where they should be. A diabetes educator or registered dietitian can help you get started.
Question: How can checking your blood sugar help treat type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low. If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.
Question: What should I do if I have high blood sugar with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.
Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the eye?
Answer: This eye problem happens in about 80% of adults who have had type 1 diabetes for more than 15 years. It's rare before puberty no matter how long you've had the disease. To prevent it -- and keep your eyesight -- keep good control of blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Question: What terms will my doctor use when talking about insulin in type 1 diabetes patients?
Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. "
Question: How is type 1 diabetes diagnosed?
Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels. He may test your urine for glucose or chemicals your body makes when you don't have enough insulin.
Question: When should I check my blood sugar if I have type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low.
Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the kidney?
Answer: About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy. The chances grow over time. It's most likely to show up 15 to 25 years after the onset of diabetes. It can lead to other serious problems like kidney failure and heart disease.
Question: How does high blood sugar affect hydration?
Answer: This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out.
Question: What does insulin do?
Answer: Type 1 diabetes happens when your immune system destroys cells in your pancreas called beta cells. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar, or glucose, into your body's tissues. Glucose doesn't move into your cells because insulin isn't there to do it. This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out. Weight loss. The glucose that goes out when you pee takes calories with it. That's why many people with high blood sugar lose weight. Dehydration also plays a part. Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If your body can't get enough glucose for fuel, it breaks down fat cells instead. This creates chemicals called ketones. Your liver releases the sugar it stores to help out. But your body can't use it without insulin, so it builds up in your blood, along with the acidic ketones. This combination of extra glucose, dehydration, and acid buildup is known as "ketoacidosis" and can be life-threatening if not treated right away. Damage to your body. Over time, high glucose levels in your blood can harm the nerves and small blood vessels in your eyes, kidneys, and heart. They can also make you more likely to get hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. But it isn't as simple as going out for a run.
Question: What is secondary diabetes?
Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. They're wiped out by something else, like a disease or an injury to your pancreas. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.
Question: Who gets type 1 diabetes?
Answer: It's more common in whites than in African- Americans. It affects men and women equally. Although the disease usually starts in people under 20, it can happen at any age. Several types of insulin are available. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.
Question: How does type 1 diabetes happen?
Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. If they're high, skip the workout.
Question: What problems can peanuts cause if you have an allergy?
Answer: Symptoms of an allergic response to peanuts will usually start within minutes of exposure, and they can include: Tightening in the throat Shortness of breath or wheezing Skin reaction such as hives or redness Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps or vomiting A runny nose This is a life-threatening allergic reaction and needs emergency treatment.
Question: What is the severe reaction to peanuts known as anaphylaxis?
Answer: Symptoms of an allergic response to peanuts will usually start within minutes of exposure, and they can include: Tightening in the throat Shortness of breath or wheezing Skin reaction such as hives or redness Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps or vomiting A runny nose This is a life-threatening allergic reaction and needs emergency treatment. Peanuts are one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis, which can affect several parts of the body all at once. The signs of an attack include: Swelling of the throat that makes it hard to breathe Dizziness or fainting A big drop in blood pressure A rapid pulse Blocked airways To find out whether you have a problem with peanuts, your doctor might ask you to keep a food diary.
Question: How is dengue fever transmitted?
Answer: In 2014, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in Hawaii with other outbreaks in 2013 in Brownsville, Texas and Key West, Fla. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can't be spread directly from one person to another person.
Question: What serious problems can develop from dengue fever?
Answer: These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome ( DSS).
Question: How common is dengue fever?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } An estimated 400 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of the world, with the greatest risk occurring in: The Indian subcontinent Southeast Asia Southern China Taiwan The Pacific Islands The Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands) Mexico Africa Central and South America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina) Most cases in the United States occur in people who contracted the infection while traveling abroad.
Question: What are the symptoms of dengue fever?
Answer: Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include Sudden, high fever Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Severe joint and muscle pain Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the flu or another viral infection.
Question: How can you reduce the mosquito population to prevent dengue fever?
Answer: To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pets' water dishes.
Question: What can you do to protect yourself from someone with dengue fever?
Answer: If someone in your home gets dengue fever, be especially vigilant about efforts to protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could spread the infection to others in your home.
Question: What is dengue fever?
Answer: These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection and yellow fever.
Question: What is the treatment for dengue fever?
Answer: There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.
Question: What can you do to protect yourself from dengue fever?
Answer: When indoors, use air conditioning if available. Make sure window and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets. If you have symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor.
Question: Who is at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever?
Answer: People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Question: Is there a vaccine to prevent dengue fever?
Answer: The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down. In 2019, the FDA approved a vaccine called Dengvaxia to help prevent the disease from occurring in adolescents aged 9 to 16 who have already been infected by dengue. But, there currently is no vaccine to prevent the general population from contracting it.
Question: How is dengue fever diagnosed?
Answer: The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.
Question: What is acute and chronic sinusitis?
Answer: Acute sinusitis lasts up to 4 weeks. Chronic sinusitis lasts at least several weeks and can linger for years. Its cause can be hard to pin down -- and hard to treat. Sinusitis might start because of a cold or allergies. Fungus can cause it for people who have weak immune systems. Sometimes, chronic sinusitis is due to problems with the structure of the nasal passages, or a growth such as a nasal polyp that keeps the sinuses from draining normally. Acute and chronic sinusitis have similar symptoms: Facial pressure and pain Thick discolored mucus Congestion The key is to figure out the cause.
Question: When should you call the doctor about sinusitis symptoms?
Answer: But many people who have it use treatments that aren't likely to help. But call your doctor if you've had sinus symptoms for more than a few days or if they're really bad. The sooner you start the right treatment, the sooner you'll feel better again.
Question: What is sundowning in people with Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: Many people with the disease get confused, anxious, and agitated at dusk and into the evening hours. It's called sundown syndrome, or sundowning. The problems may last a few hours or throughout the night.
Question: How can Alzheimer's disease affect your sex life?
Answer: No one has studied sexuality in Alzheimer's. But many people with disease also have a mood disorder, such as depression, or other medical problem, which can lead to sexual problems. Medications that treat these conditions can also affect someone's sex life. People with dementia often feel less interested in many areas of their lives, like their appearance, clothes, and friends. That may affect their sex drive, too.
Question: Is gingko biloba helpful if you have Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: For many years, people thought this extract from the ginkgo tree might be a memory booster. But there's no evidence that it works in treating or preventing Alzheimer's. In fact, it may be harmful. One large study showed that taking it every day may cause dangerous side effects, such as too much bleeding, and that ginkgo does not slow the decline of cognition.
Question: How can I help someone with Alzheimer's disease who is getting more confused?
Answer: If you have to make changes, do it gradually. Make things simple, and avoid situations where she has to make decisions. Describe the events for the day to her. Put large labels (with words or pictures) on drawers and shelves so she'll know what's in or on them. If she doesn't seem to understand something you've said, use simpler words or sentences. Make sure she takes her medicines on schedule. Be patient and supportive.
Question: What can I do to help my loved one with Alzheimer's disease to get the right amount of food to eat?
Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. Don't force her to eat. Offer smaller meals more often instead of three large ones. Encourage her to walk, garden, or do other things that get her moving to boost her appetite. Serve finger foods that are easier for her to handle and eat. Prepare meals that offer different textures, colors, and temperatures. For example, liven up your meals with colorful place settings, or play background music. Try not to let your loved one eat alone.
Question: Is exercise good for someone who has Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. It can also give your loved one more energy and improve his mood and sleep. It can make the brain work better, too. Someone in the early stages of the disease may enjoy walking, bowling, dancing, golf, and swimming. As the disease gets worse, he may need more supervision. Talk to his doctor before he starts any exercise program.
Question: What are bad side effects of medications for Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: They may also react with other Alzheimer's meds. The problems may last a few hours or throughout the night. They might help her relax.
Question: What is a cholesterol diary?
Answer: It's important to know your cholesterol levels through a simple blood test. Your doctor may suggest you track your progress toward healthy cholesterol levels with the use of a cholesterol diary. The diary will show the progress you have made in improving your cholesterol. Even after you achieve your goal, you should keep recording your cholesterol levels. This will show how successful you are at sticking to your plan and maintaining your goal.
Question: What are possible complications of a hysterectomy?
Answer: Complications are rare, but can include excessive bleeding, infection, or damage to your urinary system or intestines.
Question: Is radical hysterectomy performed through the abdomen or vagina?
Answer: Most of the time, this surgery is performed through your abdomen. But your doctor may be able to use laparoscopy to remove your uterus through your vagina. This results in less blood loss, and maybe a shorter hospital stay.
Question: Why would I need a catheter for cervical cancer?
Answer: And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon. If your doctor has to remove part of your bladder or colon, he'll have to create a new way for you to remove waste. You may have to have a catheter. Or, he'll attach a plastic bag to the front of your abdomen to catch urine, called a urostomy, or feces, called a colostomy.
Question: What happens during a pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer?
Answer: If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option. He'll remove your cervix, uterus, and surrounding organs and tissues. He'll also remove nearby lymph nodes. And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon.
Question: What is the chance of cervical cancer returning after trachelectomy?
Answer: The chance of your cancer coming back after this operation is very low. Studies show that women who have a trachelectomy have a 50% chance of getting pregnant 5 years later. But they also are at a higher risk of miscarriage than women who haven't had this surgery.
Question: What is laser surgery for cervical cancer?
Answer: This is performed in your doctor's office or clinic and is usually reserved for stage 0 cervical cancer. Your doctor uses a laser beam to burn off the cancer cells on your cervix. He may also cut a small piece of tissue to examine in a lab. He'll numb your cervix so you won't have any pain.
Question: What happens during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer?
Answer: During this surgery, the surgeon removes your uterus and the tissues next to it. He'll also remove about 1 inch of the vagina next to your cervix. And, he may take some of the lymph nodes from your pelvic area. These are pockets of immune system tissue that are about the size of a pea. He'll leave your ovaries and fallopian tubes, unless it's medically necessary to take them, too.