anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: When can shared psychotic disorders happen?
Answer: Shared psychotic disorders usually happen only in long-term relationships in which the person who has the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other person is passive. For instance, this could happen in a cult if the leader is psychotic and his or her followers take on their delusions. Usually, treatment involves separating the person who has the shared psychotic disorder from the person who has the psychotic disorder.
Question: What causes trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: This starts with irritation of the trigeminal nerve. You might have a blood vessel pressing on the nerve, damaging the protective coating around it, which is called the myelin sheath. Certain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, also can injure the myelin sheath. Sometimes a tumor or a tangle of arteries presses on the nerve. Your trigeminal nerve can also be injured -- perhaps by surgery, an accident, or a stroke.
Question: What are the types of trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: Doctors considers sudden and intense bouts of pain to be signs of âclassicâ trigeminal neuralgia. If your pain is less intense but constant -- more of an aching, burning sensation -- you might have what's known as âatypicalâ trigeminal neuralgia. Some people with this condition also have anxiety because they are uncertain when the pain will return.
Question: Where do you feel trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: The disorder can affect any of the three nerve branches, meaning you could feel pain from your forehead to your jaw. Usually, you'll feel pain on only one side of your face. Some people feel it on both sides. When that happens, it's called bilateral trigeminal neuralgia.
Question: Who gets trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: Women are more likely than men to get trigeminal neuralgia, and the disease is more common in people older than 50. The disorder may run in families, perhaps because of how blood vessels are formed in the brain. It may also be linked to high blood pressure. Although the pain can be intense, the condition is not life-threatening. It can be a progressive disease, though, meaning that it gets worse over time.
Question: Are there alternative treatments for trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: These are some you may want to ask your doctor about: Acupuncture (a Chinese tradition that uses very thin needles to balance the flow of energy in your body) Aromatherapy (the use of plant oils such as peppermint, lavender, etc., to help healing) Meditation Yoga
Question: What medications treat trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: Medication: Your doctor may prescribe medicines that keep the nerves from reacting to irritation. These drugs are called anticonvulsants. You also may take muscle relaxants -- alone or along with anticonvulsants. Typical pain medications don't work well for people with trigeminal neuralgia, so your doctor may suggest a tricyclic antidepressant to manage your symptoms.
Question: What does the trigeminal nerve do?
Answer: Each trigeminal nerve splits into three branches, controlling the feeling for different parts of your face. They are: The ophthalmic branch. This affects your lower eyelid, cheek, nostril, upper lip, and upper gum. The mandibular branch.
Question: When do you need surgery for trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: Surgery: Over time, your medication may help you less and less. That's common among people with trigeminal neuralgia. If that happens, you have several surgical options. Procedures include: Microvascular decompression, which moves or takes out blood vessels that are affecting the nerve. Gamma knife radiosurgery, which uses radiation focused on your trigeminal nerve. Rhizotomy, which destroys nerve fibers.
Question: What are side effects of chromium?
Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Chromium seems to have few side effects. There have been some reports of chromium causing occasional irregular heartbeats, sleep disturbances, headaches, mood changes, and allergic reactions. Chromium may increase the risk of kidney or liver damage. If you have kidney or liver disease, do not take chromium without talking to your doctor first.
Question: How safe is chromium?
Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Experts don't know how much chromium people need. Excessive doses of chromium may actually worsen insulin sensitivity.
Question: What are types of food that I can get chromium?
Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Perhaps most importantly, chromium forms a compound in the body that seems to enhance the effects of insulin and lower glucose levels. Foods that are good sources of chromium include: Vegetables such as broccoli, potatoes, and green beans Whole-grain products Beef and poultry Fruits, including apples and bananas; grape juice Milk and dairy products Side effects.
Question: How does chromium interact with other drugs?
Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. If you have kidney or liver disease, do not take chromium without talking to your doctor first. Since chromium may affect blood sugar levels, it is crucial that anyone taking diabetes medications, like insulin, only use chromium under the care of a medical doctor. Chromium may also interact with drugs like antacids, acid reflux drugs, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, insulin, thyroid medicine and NSAID painkillers. These interactions may cause the chromium to be poorly absorbed or amplify the effect of the other medicine.
Question: Why do people take chromium?
Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Some studies have shown that chromium supplements may be helpful for people with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance (prediabetes). There's good evidence that chromium can lower glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity, although not all studies have shown a benefit. Chromium supplements have also been studied for their effects on cholesterol, heart disease risk, psychological disorders, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions. However, the study results have been contradictory or unclear. Some chromium studies have shown these benefits, but others have not.
Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer platelets than normal?
Answer: Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should. You might have symptoms like these: Easy bruising Bleeding that can be hard to stop Bleeding gums Small red spots under your skin caused by bleeding Nosebleeds Sores that don't heal Leukemia cells can spread to other parts of your body and cause symptoms like these: Balance problems Blurred vision Bone or joint pain Numbness in your face Seizures Spots or a rash on your skin Swelling in your belly Swollen, bleeding gums Swollen glands in your neck, groin, underarms, or above your collarbone If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor.
Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy red blood cells?
Answer: There are several forms of AML. Each affects a different kind of blood cell. The symptoms you have depend on the type of blood cell that's affected. If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual.
Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy white blood cells than normal?
Answer: If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual. These infections may take a long time to get better. Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should.
Question: How is sleep apnea treated?
Answer: There are several treatments for sleep problems in people with diabetes, depending on the condition: Sleep Apnea If you are diagnosed with sleep apnea, your doctor may suggest that you lose weight to help you breathe more easily. Another potential treatment is continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP). With CPAP, patients wear a mask over their nose and/or mouth. An air blower forces air through the nose and/or mouth. The air pressure is adjusted so that it is just enough to prevent the upper airway tissues from collapsing during sleep. The pressure is constant and continuous. CPAP prevents airway closure while in use, but apnea episodes return when CPAP is stopped or is used improperly.
Question: What is restless legs syndrome relative to type 2 diabetes and sleep?
Answer: Restless Legs Syndrome Restless legs syndrome is a specific sleep disorder that causes an intense, often irresistible urge to move your legs. This sleep disorder is often accompanied by other sensations in the legs such as tingling, pulling, or pain, making it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Question: How can you prevent retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Usually, an underlying medical condition brings on a retinal vein occlusion. So it's important to keep your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar under control. If you have diabetes, get your eyes checked every year. If you take birth control pills, talk to your doctor. Rarely, they can lead to retinal vein occlusion.
Question: How is focal laser therapy used for retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: A laser burns and seals off blood vessels near the macula. This keeps them from leaking. The retina does not have pain nerves, so you should not feel much discomfort.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Your doctor may also order a test called a fluorescein angiography. You'll get a harmless dye injected into your arm. When it travels through your bloodstream and reaches the retina, a special camera takes pictures of your eye. Your doctor will be able see any fluid leaks in your blood vessels. Sometimes, you may also need a test called optical coherence tomography. You may get drops to dilate your pupils and then a machine scans your eyes with rays of light to make a detailed image of your retina.
Question: How are injections used to treat retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: A drug called anti-vascular endothelial growth factor targets substances that cause fluid buildup in a part of your retina called the macula, which provides your central vision and helps you see details like fine print. This helps to ease swelling. Or your doctor may give you steroid injections in your eye instead. Your doctor will apply a pain-numbing drug first and use a very thin needle, so you shouldn't feel much discomfort.
Question: What are the symptoms of retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Other things also can raise your odds for the condition: Smoking Being overweight Older age Hardened arteries, called atherosclerosis Glaucoma Lymphoma Leukemia Multiple myeloma Trauma to the eye You may not always know that you're going to have retinal vein occlusion. Almost always, it happens in only one eye. Some people -- especially those with blockage in smaller blood vessels -- have no symptoms.
Question: What is the outlook for retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: These treatments may help you get your vision back. Most people's eyesight will get better after a few months.
Question: When do I need laser surgery for retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Laser surgery: You may need this if you grow new blood vessels in your eye. Your doctor will use a laser to make tiny burns on the retina. It stops the vessels from leaking and growing.
Question: What can happen if I have retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: The damage happens when a blocked vein keeps blood from draining from the retina. That raises pressure inside your eye, which can cause bleeding, swelling, and fluid leaks. Retinal vein occlusions can harm your eye in minutes. Usually, a blood clot blocks the vein. Sometimes, a nearby artery can be a problem. In the retina, arteries and veins cross over each other. When an artery hardens, it can press against a vein and narrow the opening. This causes choppy blood flow, which may lead to clotting. So if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, and other conditions that affect the blood vessels, you're more likely to have retinal vein occlusion.
Question: What are noticeable symptoms of retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Usually, though, you may notice: Blurry or missing vision in part or all of an eye Dark spots or lines floating in your vision Pain and pressure in the eye If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor right away.
Question: What other things can also raise your odds for retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: Other things also can raise your odds for the condition: Smoking Being overweight Older age Hardened arteries, called atherosclerosis Glaucoma Lymphoma Leukemia Multiple myeloma Trauma to the eye You may not always know that you're going to have retinal vein occlusion.
Question: How will your doctor diagnose retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: She'll put drops in your eyes to open up your pupils. She'll use a tool called an ophthalmoscope to check your retina for signs of blockage or bleeding. Your doctor will be able see any fluid leaks in your blood vessels.
Question: What is retinal vein occlusion?
Answer: When a vein in the retina becomes blocked, it's called retinal vein occlusion. This can give you blurry vision or even sudden permanent blindness in that eye. It's similar to retinal artery occlusion, which is sometimes called an eye stroke. You may get drops to dilate your pupils and then a machine scans your eyes with rays of light to make a detailed image of your retina.
Question: How can you reward yourself for quitting smoking?
Answer: Small rewards might include: A new magazine A dozen golf balls New earrings New lipstick or nail polish Bigger rewards: A nice dinner out Tickets to a sports event or concert An evening at the movies or theater A massage or facial A weekend away When You're Stressed Many people smoke when they feel anxious, stressed, or depressed.
Question: What should you do when you're stressed to avoid smoking?
Answer: A smoker will think, â I need a cigarette!â But you're not a smoker anymore. So instead of grabbing a cigarette, argue with yourself. Be your own devil's advocate and talk back to your irrational thoughts. Keep it up until you no longer feel like you need to smoke. Bit by bit, you'll put it in the past.
Question: How quickly do withdrawal symptoms occur after you stop smoking and how bad are they?
Answer: The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include: Anxiety Irritability Headache Trouble sleeping Fatigue Hunger They kick in fast. Research shows that the average smoker starts to feel the symptoms of withdrawal within an hour of putting out his last cigarette. Feelings of anxiety, sadness, and trouble concentrating can appear within the first 3 hours. It's intense but short, though it might not feel that way at the time.
Question: How can you prepare to quit smoking?
Answer: During the week before your "quit day," make the following preparations: List all the reasons you want to kick the habit. Save them on your phone. Print them out on index cards and stash them where you used to put your cigarettes -- in your purse, in your desk drawer, on your nightstand. Pay attention to when you smoke, where, and with whom. Then make plans for what you can do instead. Think of alternatives that will keep your mind and body occupied. Pick a good quit day. Don't choose a day that's in the middle of your most intense month at work, or right before finals, or while a loved one is seriously ill. After You Quit So you've made your preparations, you've thrown away your packs, and you've smoked your last cigarette.
Question: How do you test for genital herpes?
Answer: When there's a genital herpes outbreak, a doctor can swab the sores to check for the herpes virus. The sooner the swab is taken after an outbreak starts, the better the chances of the test being accurate. The common way to find out whether you've got the virus is through genital herpes blood tests. Genital herpes blood tests show whether you have herpes -- and whether it's type 1 or type 2. Blood samples are usually used to see if the immune system has produced antibodies against the herpes virus. Results take several days and only tell that you have been exposed to the virus at some point. A positive test for HSV-2 probably indicates that you have the infection.
Question: Where can you get tested for genital herpes?
Answer: But it's much better to be able to understand your test results in the context of regular medical care. Talk with your doctor about herpes testing. Many areas also have state or county public health clinics that may offer tests at a lower cost.
Question: Should pregnant women be tested for herpes?
Answer: And if a woman is going to have a baby, she should know whether she has genital herpes. It's rare for a mother to give herpes to her newborn -- unless it is a new infection or she is having an outbreak of genital herpes during delivery.
Question: What are some tips to help prevent a schizophrenia relapse?
Answer: Take medicine as instructed. Do this even if schizophrenia symptoms have gone away. Stopping medicine is the most common cause of relapses. How quickly this happens varies. It can be days, weeks, or months after stopping. Work closely with your doctor to find the lowest dose to control symptoms, as well as the best method and type of medication. For example, a once-a-month, long-acting antipsychotic given by a shot helps some people stay on track. Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs. They make symptoms worse and a relapse more likely. Friends and family members can help you find services that treat substance abuse problems.
Question: What might help with triggering schizophrenia symptoms?
Answer: For people with schizophrenia, stress can trigger symptoms. When you feel overwhelmed, step back and take a break. If you're supporting a friend or relative with schizophrenia, try to help them find healthy ways to relax. Aim for 30 minutes of exercise each day. Some studies suggest that exercise, along with medications, may help schizophrenia symptoms. To stick with it, find an exercise partner. Do your best to get the sleep you need. Sleep can be a problem for people with schizophrenia. Exercise and limiting caffeine help.
Question: What are some later warning signs of a schizophrenia relapse?
Answer: Be alert to these early signs: Trouble sleeping Eating less Trouble concentrating or being disorganized Staying away from other people or disappearing unexpectedly Mood changes, nervousness, or irritability Having strange ideas or disorganized thinking Poor personal hygiene Speech that doesn't make sense Hearing voices Delusions, suspiciousness, or increased paranoia Aggressive talk Suicidal thoughts Some later signs may include: Physical aggression against yourself or others Smiling for no reason Strange thoughts Breaking things It's important to avoid relapses, because each one can raise the chance of future relapses. And when relapses happen, symptoms may become harder to treat.
Question: What should someone do if they have a schizophrenia relapse?
Answer: But relapses can happen. That means that the symptoms come back. You can help prevent them by watching out for early warning signs. Talk to your doctor right away if you -- or your family and friends -- notice any of these signs. The doctor may be able to adjust treatment or help you get back on track if you stopped taking your meds. It can be days, weeks, or months after stopping.
Question: How does a tetatnus shot work?
Answer: You normally receive tetanus shots in the deltoid (shoulder) muscle. If you did not receive a tetanus vaccine as a child, you should start with a three-dose primary series with the first dose being a three-in-one combination called Tdap that protects against tetanus, diphtheria ( Td) and pertussis (whooping cough). The other two doses are a dual vaccine ( Td) cover tetanus and diphtheria. You receive these vaccines over a period of seven to 12 months. Vaccination against pertussis is especially important for those in direct contact with young infants or patients. After receiving the primary series, get a Td booster every 10 years.
Question: What are the side effects of a tetanus shot?
Answer: However, sometimes the tetanus vaccine can cause mild side effects. These may include: Soreness, redness, or swelling at the site of the injection Fever Headache or body aches Fatigue A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) is also very rare, but can result within minutes of being vaccinated.
Question: What's in a tetanus shot?
Answer: The vaccines are made up of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis toxins that have been made nontoxic but they still have the ability to create an immune response. These vaccines do not contain live bacteria.
Question: How do you get tetanus?
Answer: You can get it through a cut or other wound. Tetanus bacteria are commonly present in soil, dust, and manure. The tetanus bacteria can infect a person even through a tiny scratch. But you are more likely to get tetanus through deep punctures from wounds created by nails or knives. The bacteria travel via blood or nerves to the central nervous system.
Question: Can pregnant women get a tetanus shot?
Answer: In fact, current guidelines recommend that all pregnant women receive a Tdap vaccine each time they are pregnant, specifically to prevent pertussis. Wait to get the Tdap vaccine if you have a moderate to severe acute illness.
Question: What are the symptoms of tetanus?
Answer: Symptoms often begin around a week after infection. But this may range from three days to three weeks or even longer. The most common symptom is a stiff jaw, which can become "locked." This is how the disease came to be called lockjaw. Symptoms of tetanus may include: Headache Muscle stiffness, starting in the jaw, then the neck and the arms, legs, or abdomen Trouble swallowing Restlessness and irritability Sweating and fever Palpitations and high blood pressure Muscle spasms in the face, causing a strange-looking steady smile or grin If not treated, tetanus can cause death from suffocation.
Question: Can everyone get a tetanus shot?
Answer: You should have a tetanus shot if you: Did not receive a primary series of tetanus shots as a child Have not had a tetanus booster in the last 10 years Have recovered from tetanus You should not get a Tdap vaccine if you have had a severe allergic reaction after a previous Tdap vaccine. You also should not get a Tdap vaccine if you have a history of coma or seizures within a week following a previous Tdap vaccine. Talk to your doctor if you have a history of epilepsy or other nervous system problems, severe pain or swelling in the past after a previous tetanus vaccine, or a history of either Guillain- Barre syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Question: Can you prevent tetanus?
Answer: Thanks to its widespread use, lockjaw has become very rare in the U. S. Even so, many adults in the U. S. need to be vaccinated against tetanus because there is no cure and 10% to 20% of victims will die. The vaccines are made up of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis toxins that have been made nontoxic but they still have the ability to create an immune response.