anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are common symptoms of coronavirus?
Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. The symptoms of most coronaviruses are similar to any other upper-respiratory infection, including runny nose, coughing, sore throat, and sometimes a fever. In most cases, you won't know whether you have a coronavirus or a different cold-causing virus, such as rhinovirus. But if a coronavirus infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract (your windpipe and your lungs), it can cause pneumonia, especially in older people, people with heart disease, or people with weakened immune systems.
Question: What is a coronavirus?
Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not dangerous. People also died from a severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) outbreak in 2003. They get their name from their crown-like shape. Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child.
Question: How can I prevent coronavirus infection?
Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent coronavirus infection, do the same things you do to avoid the common cold: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. Avoid close contact with people who are infected.
Question: Who is more likely to get Lyme disease?
Answer: Unlike RA, Lyme is most common in children, older adults, and people who spend more time outdoors, like park rangers and firefighters. The more time you spend outside, the greater your chance of running into the ticks that carry the disease.
Question: How can you rule out rheumatoid arthritis if you might have Lyme disease?
Answer: To rule out RA, he'll ask you about your symptoms and medical history. You might get a blood test to look for antibodies linked to the disease. Your doctor may send you to a rheumatologist, who'll look over your joints for tenderness, swelling, or limited movement.
Question: How common is Lyme disease?
Answer: It's the most common tick-borne disease in the U. S. The disease was named for the place it was first reported in 1975 -- Old Lyme, CT. About 30,000 cases are reported each year, but the CDC believes the number is 10 times higher than that.
Question: What are the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Treatment for RA includes long-term: Medication Physical therapy Exercise Education You may also need surgery at some point.
Question: What should you do if you think you might have Lyme disease?
Answer: Early treatment is key with Lyme. If you don't get it, your symptoms may disappear for a while. But they'll return, with more complications. So if you suspect you have Lyme disease -- if you've been exposed to ticks or had a rash -- talk with your doctor right away.
Question: What is Lyme disease?
Answer: Symptoms can include: Morning joint stiffness that lasts more than an hour Less range of motion Swollen joints Some people call Lyme disease âthe great imitator,â because it can be confused with a number of other conditions, including: Chronic fatigue syndrome Food poisoning Fibromyalgia Multiple sclerosis Depression Of course, rheumatoid arthritis Lyme disease comes from a bacterial infection that's spread through the bite of several different kinds of ticks.
Question: How do you know if you have Lyme disease?
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) and Lyme disease are very different conditions that need separate treatments. It's the most common tick-borne disease in the U. S. The disease was named for the place it was first reported in 1975 -- Old Lyme, CT. About 30,000 cases are reported each year, but the CDC believes the number is 10 times higher than that. If left untreated, Lyme disease can cause health issues, including: Numbness or pain Paralysis or weakness in the face muscles Heart problems Chest pain Shortness of breath Arthritis Since the symptoms of RA and Lyme disease are so similar, it's easy to see how they might be confused. You might get a blood test to look for antibodies linked to the disease. If so, antibiotics can get rid of the infection and its symptoms if the diagnosis is quick. If you don't get it, your symptoms may disappear for a while.
Question: What are common triggers of rosacea?
Answer: Common triggers include sun exposure, very hot or very cold weather, alcohol, very hot foods, spicy foods, intense exercise, and stress. In addition, menopause and some drugs may cause flushing.
Question: How is rosacea treated?
Answer: The biggest key to controlling rosacea is to avoid triggers -- factors that cause the skin to flush.
Question: What is the treatment for trichotillomania?
Answer: People who have trichotillomania have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, usually from their scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. A doctor might refer someone who has symptoms of trichotillomania to a psychiatrist or psychologist, who can interview the person and see if they might have an impulse control disorder. The main treatment for trichotillomania is a type of behavior therapy called habit reversal training. Basically, this means replacing a bad habit with something else that's not harmful. With this approach, people with trichotillomania first learn to identify when and where they have the urge to pull hair. They also learn to relax and do something else, that doesn't hurt them, as a way to help ease tension when they feel the urge to pull their hair. Therapy can also address any unhelpful thinking that might be adding to the stress that triggers the behavior. Medication may also be part of the treatment program. A type of antidepressant called a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI) might be useful in helping to curb very intense urges. Atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine or aripiprazole also may sometimes be used, either alone or in combination with an SSRI.
Question: Can trichotillomania be prevented?
Answer: People who have trichotillomania have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, usually from their scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. A doctor might refer someone who has symptoms of trichotillomania to a psychiatrist or psychologist, who can interview the person and see if they might have an impulse control disorder. There is no proven way to prevent trichotillomania, but getting treatment as soon as symptoms start can be a big help. Learning stress management is also a good idea, since stress often triggers the hair-pulling behavior.
Question: What aerobic exercises can you do to help relieve rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Walking: Daily walks are an easy way to get into the exercise groove. Start with slow and short strolls if you're new to regular exercise. Then work up to longer, faster walks as you get stronger. Be sure to stretch before you start and after you finish. Drink plenty of water, too. Cycling: A stationary bike takes away your risk of a fall. Again, start slowly if you're a beginner, and go faster as you get better. Swimming: Water workouts are great when you have RA. They take weight off your joints. They also raise your heart rate. Water also acts as resistance against your muscles. That can make you stronger. You can swim laps or join a water aerobics class. Use water weights for some more muscle work.
Question: Does exercise help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: It can also improve your heart health. That'll make you better equipped to deal with complications that may crop up. Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles.
Question: How can you do stretches to help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Leg/hamstring stretch: While standing, lean forward as far as you comfortably can and reach toward your toes. Make sure you bend your knees a little to keep your legs soft. Hold it for 10-20 seconds. Finger/wrist stretch: Bend your fingers forward, then backward, holding each stretch for 10â20 seconds each time. Then do the same with your hand to stretch your wrist muscles. Cross-body arm stretch: Put your arm across the front of your body and gently hold it for 10-20 seconds, then switch to the other arm. Next, reach up to the sky with one arm and then the other, tilting each arm slightly over your head to stretch your shoulders. Neck stretches: Drop your head forward gently, and then roll it slowly toward one shoulder and back toward the other.
Question: How is stretching helpful for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles. Morning is a good time for gentle stretching or yoga. It's also a good idea any time before exercise.
Question: What strength exercises can you do to help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Abdominal contractions: To do this isometric exercise, lie on your back and put your hands on your stomach muscles. Lift your head and hold it. You can continue this exercise by squeezing the muscles that lifted your head without actually picking it up, too. Palm press: This is isometric, too. Hold your hands so they face each other. One hand should have fingertips up and the other should have fingertips down. Press your palms together and hold. Bicep lifts: While you sit in a chair with your arms resting on your thighs palms up, hold light weights in your hands. Then, raise them toward your shoulders, bending at the elbow. Seated knee lift: With a resistance band over your legs in a seated position, raise one leg slowly, then switch sides.
Question: What are the benefits of exercise for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles.
Question: What is the meaning of M, m, D, d for bipolar spectrum disorders?
Answer: It gained new life in the 1970s after a leading psychiatrist proposed classifying mood symptoms as follows: Upper-case " M": Episodes of full-blown mania Lower-case "m": Episodes of mild mania (hypomania) Upper-case " D": Major depressive episodes Lower-case "d": Less-severe symptoms of depression Under this proposed classification, people are described by the combination of their manic and depressive symptoms.
Question: What are possible bipolar spectrum conditions?
Answer: Mental or behavioral conditions that share some common features with bipolar disorder, and are therefore sometimes included within a possible bipolar spectrum, include: Highly recurrent or treatment-resistant depression Impulsive disorders Substance abuse disorders Eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia Personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder Childhood behavioral disorders, such as conduct disorder or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Researchers are still trying to determine when and how conditions such as these may overlap with bipolar disorder in terms of symptoms, underlying biology, and possible treatment implications.
Question: What are overlapping symptoms of bipolar spectrum conditions and bipolar disorder?
Answer: Symptoms that may overlap between bipolar spectrum conditions and bipolar disorder include: Depression with very sudden or frequent mood swings (seen in many mental conditions) Prolonged irritability (which may be more common in mania than depression) Impulsivity (common during manic episodes) Euphoria and high energy (which can sometimes occur in substance abusers even when they are not intoxicated or "high" from the effects of drugs) Because the cause of bipolar disorder isn't known, it's difficult for experts to know the real overlap between bipolar disorder and a possible broader bipolar spectrum.
Question: How can you treat bipolar spectrum disorders?
Answer: Although these disorders do not meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar illness, some psychiatrists believe they have something important in common with people with bipolar disorder. These medications are typically anti-seizure medications or antipsychotic medications. Examples include: Lithium Lamictal (lamotrigine) Depakote (divalproex) Tegretol (carbamazepine) Abilify (aripiprazole) Risperdal (risperidone) In bipolar spectrum conditions, these mood stabilizers are generally used as add-on therapies after treating the main mental condition.
Question: What is the bipolar spectrum?
Answer: The bipolar spectrum is a term used to refer to conditions that include not only bipolar disorder as traditionally defined (that is, clear episodes of mania or hypomania as well as depressive syndromes) but also other types of mental conditions that can involve depression or mood swings without manic or hypomanic episodes -- including some impulse control disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and forms of substance abuse. That includes conditions such as major depressive disorder, impulse control disorders, or some personality disorders.
Question: How is pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) diagnosed?
Answer: These include: Cephalosporins ( Cephalexin, Suprax) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Fluoroquinolones ( Cipro, Levaquin) Penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin) PMC also can be related to: Changes in your diet Chemotherapy Hirschsprung disease (a condition that affects your colon) Kidney disease or kidney failure Malnutrition Recent bowel surgery Shock To find out if you have PMC, you may need one of these tests: Blood test to check your white blood cell count Imaging tests, like an X-ray or CT scan of your lower belly (for serious cases) Stool sample test to check for bacteria in your colon You also may have a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which are exams that look inside your colon with a thin flexible tube. Your doctor may take a tissue sample during the exam for testing.
Question: What are common signs of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?
Answer: The most common signs are: Diarrhea that's watery, foul smelling, or bloody Dehydration Fever Nausea Pus in your stool Stomach cramps See your doctor if you've recently taken antibiotics and have diarrhea. You need medical help any time you have severe diarrhea with stomach cramps or blood or pus in your stool. The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast.
Question: How can I manage pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) at home?
Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis ( PMC) is inflammation in your colon that happens when there's too much of certain bacteria in your system. If you're dealing with PMC symptoms, drink plenty of fluids like water or watered-down fruit juice to help flush out your system. Eat soft foods that are easy to digest like applesauce, rice, or bananas. Avoid high-fiber foods like nuts, beans, and veggies. Eat several small meals during the day instead of a few large ones, and stay away from fried, spicy, or fatty foods. They can irritate your stomach and make your symptoms worse. Wash your hands regularly to keep C. diff from spreading and getting back into your system.
Question: What conditions can pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?
Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. These include: Cephalosporins ( Cephalexin, Suprax) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Fluoroquinolones ( Cipro, Levaquin) Penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin) PMC also can be related to: Changes in your diet Chemotherapy Hirschsprung disease (a condition that affects your colon) Kidney disease or kidney failure Malnutrition Recent bowel surgery Shock To find out if you have PMC, you may need one of these tests: Blood test to check your white blood cell count Imaging tests, like an X-ray or CT scan of your lower belly (for serious cases) Stool sample test to check for bacteria in your colon You also may have a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which are exams that look inside your colon with a thin flexible tube.
Question: Who's at most risk for pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?
Answer: You're specifically at risk if you: Are over 65 Have been in an intensive-care unit ( ICU) Have burns on your body Have had a C-section or surgeries of the GI tract Have kidney problems Diseases of the colon such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer Use chemotherapy drugs Use of drugs called proton-pump inhibitors, which lessen stomach acid Have had a previous C. diff infection It's rare for young children or infants to get PMC. The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast.
Question: What will you need if your pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is severe or keeps coming back?
Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. If your PMC is severe or keeps coming back, you may need: Extra rounds of antibiotics Fetal microbial transplant ( FMT), during which your doctor puts healthy stool from a donor into your system to help restore good bacteria Surgery to take out part of your colon (less than 1% of people with PMC need this.)
Question: Which antibiotics can help with treating pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?
Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. These include: Fidaxomicin ( Dificid) Metronidazole ( Flagyl) Vancomycin You take these medications by mouth, through a vein, or through a tube in your stomach.
Question: What happens when I don't raise my blood sugar in time?
Answer: If you don't treat it in time, it can lead to insulin shock, which can cause you to have a seizure or pass out. Talk to your doctor about whether you need a prescription for a glucagon kit. Glucagon is a hormone you can inject that releases stored glucose into your bloodstream. It can raise your blood sugar if you can't eat or drink.
Question: Who should I tell about my diabetes?
Answer: Prepare for an emergency. Your family members, co-workers, and friends you see often need to be able to help you. Tell them your symptoms of low blood sugar and what types and amounts of food they can give you. If you have emergency glucagon, they should learn how to inject it into your arm, bottom, or thigh, or know to call 911 if you pass out.
Question: How can I raise my blood sugar?
Answer: Always carry quick-sugar foods with you. To raise your blood sugar quickly back to a safe level, you'll need to eat 15 grams of simple carbohydrates. If you don't feel better after you eat and your blood sugar is still low, eat another 15 grams of a quick-sugar food, then retest your glucose. If your next meal is an hour or more away, you'll need to have another snack to keep your blood sugar from dipping again.
Question: How do I know if I have low blood sugar?
Answer: It's called hypoglycemia, and it can happen when your body has too much insulin, or too little food or sugar, called glucose. If you don't treat it in time, it can lead to insulin shock, which can cause you to have a seizure or pass out. You might feel shaky, sweaty, or get a pounding heart. If you don't raise your blood sugar in time, there's a chance you may go into insulin shock, which can be dangerous.
Question: Can I get low blood sugar levels while I manage my diabetes?
Answer: You still could get low blood sugar levels. It's called hypoglycemia, and it can happen when your body has too much insulin, or too little food or sugar, called glucose. You might feel shaky, sweaty, or get a pounding heart. You could notice that you're grumpy or upset. It can raise your blood sugar if you can't eat or drink.
Question: What is interstitial lung disease?
Answer: All interstitial lung diseases affect the interstitium, a part of the lungs' anatomic structure. The interstitium is a lace-like network of tissue that extends throughout both lungs. The interstitium provides support to the lungs' microscopic air sacs (alveoli). Tiny blood vessels travel through the interstitium, allowing gas exchange between blood and the air in the lungs. Normally, the interstitium is so thin it can't be seen on chest X-rays or CT scans.
Question: How does inhaled oxygen treat interstitial lung disease?
Answer: Inhaled oxygen: In people with low oxygen blood levels due to interstitial lung disease, inhaled oxygen may improve symptoms. Regular use of oxygen might also protect the heart from damage caused by low oxygen levels.
Question: What causes interstitial lung disease?
Answer: Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are known to cause interstitial pneumonias. Regular exposures to inhaled irritants at work or during hobbies can also cause some interstitial lung disease. These irritants include: Asbestos Silica dust Talc Coal dust, or various other metal dusts from working in mining Grain dust from farming Bird proteins (such as from exotic birds, chickens, or pigeons) Drugs such as nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, bleomycin, and many others can rarely cause interstitial lung disease. All told, these factors cause a small percentage of interstitial lung disease. The cause of most interstitial lung disease is unknown.
Question: What are the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?
Answer: The most common symptom of all forms of interstitial lung disease is shortness of breath. Nearly all people with interstitial lung disease will experience breathlessness, which may get worse over time. Other symptoms of interstitial lung disease include: Cough, which is usually dry and nonproductive. Weight loss, most often in people with COP or BOOP.
Question: Is shortness of breath a symptom of interstitial lung disease?
Answer: In most forms of interstitial lung disease, the shortness of breath develops slowly (over months). In interstitial pneumonias or acute interstitial pneumonitis, symptoms come on more rapidly (in hours or days).
Question: Can a lung transplant treat interstitial lung disease?
Answer: Lung transplant : In advanced interstitial lung disease causing severe impairment, a lung transplant may be the best option. Most people undergoing lung transplant for interstitial lung disease make large gains in quality of life and their ability to exercise.
Question: Who gets interstitial lung disease?
Answer: Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: Interstitial lung disease that's often present with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma). Interstitial lung disease can usually be seen on a CT scan.
Question: What body part does tendinitis affect?
Answer: Tendinitis can occur in almost any area of the body where a tendon connects a bone to a muscle. The most common places are: Base of the thumb Elbow Shoulder Hip Knee Achilles tendon The symptoms of tendinitis include: Pain at the site of the tendon and surrounding area.
Question: What do you do it tendinitis doesn't get better?
Answer: Corticosteroids (often called simply "steroids") are often used because they work quickly to decrease the inflammation and pain. Physical therapy. This can be very beneficial, especially for a "frozen shoulder." Physical therapy includes range-of-motion exercises and splinting (thumb, forearm, bands). Surgery. This is only rarely needed for severe problems not responding to other treatments.