anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is poison ivy, oak and sumac?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are all plants that can cause a temporary, irritating rash when they come in contact with your skin. This rash is a form of allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatitis simply means an irritation of the skin. It's called "allergic contact dermatitis" because the rash is caused by contact with a substance to which you're allergic.
Question: What are the symptoms of an allergic reaction to poison ivy, oak, and sumac?
Answer: Three types of transmission can occur: Direct contact with the plant Indirect contact when you touch pets, gardening tools, sports equipment, or other objects that had direct contact with the plant Airborne contact from burning these plants, which releases particles of urushiol into the air that can penetrate the skin, eyes, nose, throat, or respiratory system Symptoms, which generally last from one to two weeks, include: Red streaks or patches Itching Rash Swelling Blisters that may "weep" (leak fluid) and later crust over Inflammation and a burning sensation Does it matter which plant you're exposed to?
Question: How are poison ivy, oak, and sumac rashes diagnosed?
Answer: Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are generally diagnosed by their common symptoms of a rash, blisters, and itching following activity outside in a forest or field, but if you have any doubt, ask your doctor.
Question: How can I prevent rashes from poison ivy, oak, and sumac?
Answer: Remember the old adage: " Leaflets three, let them be." Poison ivy and poison oak have a triple-leaf structure you can learn to recognize -- and then avoid. Avoid any contact with these plants when possible. Cover your skin completely when hiking, camping, or working in forests and around shrubs; wear long sleeves, long pants, gloves, socks, and boots. Remember that you can also get a rash from indirect contact from clothes, pets, or tools that have urushiol on them. Ask your doctor about over-the-counter skin products that contain a barrier such as bentoquatam to help protect the skin from urushiol if you work outside in forestry or other jobs at risk of frequent exposure.
Question: What causes the rashes of poison ivy, oak, and sumac?
Answer: Urushiol quickly penetrates the skin, often leaving red lines that show where you brushed against the plant. Symptoms appear 24 to 72 hours after exposure. Scratching the itchy rash doesn't cause it to spread but can prolong skin healing and cause a secondary infection. The rash isn't contagious, so you won't spread it to others by going to school or work. Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are generally diagnosed by their common symptoms of a rash, blisters, and itching following activity outside in a forest or field, but if you have any doubt, ask your doctor.
Question: How are shin splints treated?
Answer: Rest your body. It needs time to heal. Ice your shin to ease pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days, or until the pain is gone. Use insoles or orthotics for your shoes. Shoe inserts -- which can be custom-made or bought off the shelf -- may help if your arches collapse or flatten when you stand up. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers, if you need them. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin, will help with pain and swelling.
Question: What causes shin splints?
Answer: This common problem can result from: Flat feet -- when the impact of a step makes your foot's arch collapse (your doctor will call this overpronation) Shoes that don't fit well or provide good support Working out without warmup or cooldown stretches Weak ankles, hips, or core muscles If you're active, you could get them if you make sudden changes like more intense, more frequent, or longer workouts.
Question: How do I know if my shin splints are healed?
Answer: Your injured leg feels as strong as your other leg. You can push hard on spots that used to be painful. You can jog, sprint, and jump without pain. There's no way to say exactly when your shin splints will go away. It depends on what caused them. People also heal at different rates; 3 to 6 months isn't unusual.
Question: What happens when a person is quarantined?
Answer: During quarantine people are able to do most things they can do indoors within the constraints of the location they are at. For example, if people are asked to stay at home then they would usually be asked to take their own temperature and report daily to health authorities on how they are feeling. They are given instructions on what they can do and not do around family members and are informed of other disease precautions.
Question: What is quarantine?
Answer: That is, they may be asked to remain at home or another location to prevent further spread of illness to others and to carefully monitor for the disease. These measures are implemented to contain and prevent the transmission of an infectious disease.
Question: How is sleep paralysis diagnosed?
Answer: Other factors that may be linked to sleep paralysis include: Lack of sleep Sleep schedule that changes Mental conditions such as stress or bipolar disorder Sleeping on the back Other sleep problems such as narcolepsy or nighttime leg cramps Use of certain medications, such as those for ADHD Substance abuse If you find yourself unable to move or speak for a few seconds or minutes when falling asleep or waking up, then it is likely you have isolated recurrent sleep paralysis. Often there is no need to treat this condition. Check with your doctor if you have any of these concerns: You feel anxious about your symptoms Your symptoms leave you very tired during the day Your symptoms keep you up during the night Your doctor may want to gather more information about your sleep health by doing any of the following: Ask you to describe your symptoms and keep a sleep diary for a few weeks Discuss your health history, including any known sleep disorders or any family history of sleep disorders Refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation Conduct overnight sleep studies or daytime nap studies to make sure you do not have another sleep disorder Most people need no treatment for sleep paralysis.
Question: What happens with hypnopompic sleep paralysis?
Answer: NREM sleep occurs first and takes up to 75% of your overall sleep time. During NREM sleep, your body relaxes and restores itself. At the end of NREM, your sleep shifts to REM. Your eyes move quickly and dreams occur, but the rest of your body remains very relaxed. Your muscles are "turned off" during REM sleep. If you become aware before the REM cycle has finished, you may notice that you cannot move or speak.
Question: How is sleep paralysis treated?
Answer: Often there is no need to treat this condition. Check with your doctor if you have any of these concerns: You feel anxious about your symptoms Your symptoms leave you very tired during the day Your symptoms keep you up during the night Your doctor may want to gather more information about your sleep health by doing any of the following: Ask you to describe your symptoms and keep a sleep diary for a few weeks Discuss your health history, including any known sleep disorders or any family history of sleep disorders Refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation Conduct overnight sleep studies or daytime nap studies to make sure you do not have another sleep disorder Most people need no treatment for sleep paralysis. Treating any underlying conditions such as narcolepsy may help if you are anxious or unable to sleep well. These treatments may include the following: Improving sleep habits -- such as making sure you get six to eight hours of sleep each night Using antidepressant medication if it is prescribed to help regulate sleep cycles Treating any mental health problems that may contribute to sleep paralysis Treating any other sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy or leg cramps There's no need to fear nighttime demons or alien abductors.
Question: What happens when hypnagogic sleep paralysis develops?
Answer: As you fall asleep, your body slowly relaxes. Usually you become less aware, so you do not notice the change. However, if you remain or become aware while falling asleep, you may notice that you cannot move or speak.
Question: Is sleep paralysis a symptom of a serious problem?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Over the centuries, symptoms of sleep paralysis have been described in many ways and often attributed to an "evil" presence: unseen night demons in ancient times, the old hag in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, and alien abductors. Almost every culture throughout history has had stories of shadowy evil creatures that terrify helpless humans at night. People have long sought explanations for this mysterious sleep-time paralysis and the accompanying feelings of terror. Other factors that may be linked to sleep paralysis include: Lack of sleep Sleep schedule that changes Mental conditions such as stress or bipolar disorder Sleeping on the back Other sleep problems such as narcolepsy or nighttime leg cramps Use of certain medications, such as those for ADHD Substance abuse If you find yourself unable to move or speak for a few seconds or minutes when falling asleep or waking up, then it is likely you have isolated recurrent sleep paralysis. Check with your doctor if you have any of these concerns: You feel anxious about your symptoms Your symptoms leave you very tired during the day Your symptoms keep you up during the night Your doctor may want to gather more information about your sleep health by doing any of the following: Ask you to describe your symptoms and keep a sleep diary for a few weeks Discuss your health history, including any known sleep disorders or any family history of sleep disorders Refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation Conduct overnight sleep studies or daytime nap studies to make sure you do not have another sleep disorder Most people need no treatment for sleep paralysis.
Question: Who develops sleep paralysis?
Answer: Sleep paralysis may accompany other sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. This common condition is often first noticed in the teen years. Sleep paralysis may run in families. Other factors that may be linked to sleep paralysis include: Lack of sleep Sleep schedule that changes Mental conditions such as stress or bipolar disorder Sleeping on the back Other sleep problems such as narcolepsy or nighttime leg cramps Use of certain medications, such as those for ADHD Substance abuse If you find yourself unable to move or speak for a few seconds or minutes when falling asleep or waking up, then it is likely you have isolated recurrent sleep paralysis.
Question: When does sleep paralysis usually occur?
Answer: If it occurs while you are falling asleep, it's called hypnagogic or predormital sleep paralysis. If it happens as you are waking up, it's called hypnopompic or postdormital sleep paralysis. One cycle of REM and NREM sleep lasts about 90 minutes.
Question: What is sleep paralysis?
Answer: During these transitions, you may be unable to move or speak for a few seconds up to a few minutes. If it occurs while you are falling asleep, it's called hypnagogic or predormital sleep paralysis. Other factors that may be linked to sleep paralysis include: Lack of sleep Sleep schedule that changes Mental conditions such as stress or bipolar disorder Sleeping on the back Other sleep problems such as narcolepsy or nighttime leg cramps Use of certain medications, such as those for ADHD Substance abuse If you find yourself unable to move or speak for a few seconds or minutes when falling asleep or waking up, then it is likely you have isolated recurrent sleep paralysis. These treatments may include the following: Improving sleep habits -- such as making sure you get six to eight hours of sleep each night Using antidepressant medication if it is prescribed to help regulate sleep cycles Treating any mental health problems that may contribute to sleep paralysis Treating any other sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy or leg cramps There's no need to fear nighttime demons or alien abductors.
Question: How is chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives) diagnosed?
Answer: They include: Alcoholic drinks Tight clothing Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDS) like aspirin and ibuprofen Exercise Cold Heat If you've had hives for several weeks and don't know why, see your doctor. She'll want to know: When and where they pop up How long they last Possible triggers If you have swelling What other symptoms you have If you're taking new meds She'll also ask about the foods you eat and if you have pets, to see if an allergy is to blame. She may check for other illnesses or conditions that could be causing the hives, like an overactive or underactive thyroid.
Question: What are some common triggers of chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives)?
Answer: Even though doctors can't say for sure what causes CIU, they do know things that can lead to flare-ups. They include: Alcoholic drinks Tight clothing Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDS) like aspirin and ibuprofen Exercise Cold Heat If you've had hives for several weeks and don't know why, see your doctor.
Question: What is chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives)?
Answer: They're often caused by an allergic reaction to a food or drug. Usually, they go away quickly. For a small number of people, though, hives come back again and again, with no known cause. When new outbreaks happen almost every day for 6 weeks or more, it's called chronic idiopathic urticaria ( CIU). Some people get chronic hives at the same time that they get other problems like thyroid disease, hormonal problems, or cancer.
Question: What causes night blindness?
Answer: The problem comes from a disorder of the cells in your retina that allow you to see dim light. It has many causes: Nearsightedness Glaucoma Glaucoma medications that close the pupil Cataracts Diabetes Retinitis pigmentosa Vitamin A deficiency Keratoconus To pinpoint the cause, your eye doctor will carry out a full exam.
Question: How can reducing cholesterol help improve your erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: You can lower your cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication.
Question: Why would you get allergy tests for asthma?
Answer: They help your doctor find out if allergies trigger your asthma. These tests won't identify asthma triggers such as exercise, stress, or illnesses like a cold. Allergy tests alone are not enough to make an asthma diagnosis.
Question: What is a skin prick allergy test?
Answer: Skin prick test: The skin prick test is the most common allergy skin test. First, you get a series of tiny drops of allergens on your skin, usually on your back. Then you get a quick needle prick in the skin underneath each drop. If you're allergic, you'll get a dime-sized hive that's red and itchy at the needle prick site. You may need a follow-up test to check the results.
Question: What is a patch test for allergies?
Answer: Patch test: Your doctor applies the allergen to a patch. You'll leave the patch on your skin for 48 hours. If your skin turns red, gets irritated, and itches, the chances are great that you have an allergy.
Question: Why would you get allergy skin tests if you have asthma?
Answer: Allergy tests are a way to get to the bottom of what's causing your asthma symptoms. Several types of allergy tests help with asthma, including skin tests and blood tests. If you have poorly controlled asthma, trouble breathing, or a high risk of anaphylactic reactions, your doctor may wait to do skin tests. Ask your doctor if you need to do anything before the test. For example, you should stop taking antihistamines before you get an allergy test. Your doctor may have other specific instructions, too. Intradermal test: If your skin prick test was negative, your doctor may try an intradermal test.
Question: What is an intradermal allergy test?
Answer: Intradermal test: If your skin prick test was negative, your doctor may try an intradermal test. Intradermal allergy tests are often used for environmental allergies and drug allergies. That means they show that you have an allergy when you actually don't. Intradermal tests are also more likely to cause an allergic reaction that affects your whole body.
Question: How can you breathe better if you have heart failure?
Answer: To breathe better: Listen to your body and slow down when you're short of breath. Take breaks throughout the day: read, pay bills, write letters, use the computer for fun. Use music, meditation, or yoga to ease stress. If you feel breathless, short of breath, or you have trouble breathing, talk to your doctor. He may ask you to eat less salt or drink less liquid for a couple of days. If neither of these helps, call your doctor. He may need to tweak your medicine.
Question: What is intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET)?
Answer: Intervertebral discs act as cushions between the vertebrae. Sometimes the discs can become damaged and cause pain. IDET uses heat to modify the nerve fibers of a spinal disc and to destroy pain receptors in the area. In this procedure, a wire called an electrothermal catheter is placed through an incision in the disc. An electrical current passes through the wire, heating a small outer portion of the disc to a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius. IDET is performed as an outpatient procedure while the patient is awake and under a local anesthesia.
Question: What is radiofrequency discal nucleoplasty?
Answer: Radiofrequency discal nucleoplasty is a newer procedure which utilizes a radio frequency probe instead of heating wire to disintegrate a small portion of the central disc material. The result of this intervention is partial decompression of the disc, which may help relieve pain caused by bulging discs pressing on nearby spinal nerve roots.
Question: What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy?
Answer: One of the most common forms of electrical stimulation used for pain management is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) therapy, which provides short-term pain relief. In TENS therapy for pain management, a small, battery-operated device delivers low-voltage electrical current through the skin via electrodes placed near the source of pain. The electricity from the electrodes stimulates nerves in the affected area and sends signals to the brain that "scramble" normal pain perception.
Question: Why is rhinoplasty done?
Answer: Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons. For example, some people may need surgery to repair a problem with the cartilage that divides one nostril from the other. Others may just want to make their nose smaller.
Question: What is rhinoplasty?
Answer: Getting a "nose job," which doctors call rhinoplasty, can be very simple or very complex. When done correctly by an experienced surgeon, it can make a big difference in how a person looks.
Question: Where should I get rhinoplasty?
Answer: It's best to have the procedure done in an accredited facility. If you have a complication, an experienced surgeon working with a well-trained team will be able to assess and correct the situation. You should talk to your surgeon in advance to describe your goals and learn about the risks and benefits.
Question: What are risks of rhinoplasty?
Answer: Any type of surgery has risks. These include bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anesthesia. Risks of rhinoplasty include: Numbness Nosebleeds Scarring at the base of the nose Bursting of small blood vessels on the skin's surface Swelling Permanent nerve damage Need for a second or third operation Before getting a nose job, teens and their parents or guardians should talk extensively with the surgeon and weigh all of the risks and benefits.
Question: Should a teen get a nose job?
Answer: Teens should not have a nose job until the nose has reached its adult size. This normally happens at about age 15 or 16 for girls. It usually happens a year or so later for boys.
Question: What are the types of rhinoplasty?
Answer: Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons.
Question: What is recovery from rhinoplasty like?
Answer: After a nose job, recovery takes patience and support from family and friends. You will need to keep your head elevated for at least 24 hours after the operation. And there will be some pain and swelling (which can be managed with medication and cold compresses). Some people become discouraged with the swelling and how they look immediately after the operation. But when the swelling goes down, the redness disappears and the nose fully heals. This can take weeks, but most people like the results.
Question: How to choose a surgeon for rhinoplasty?
Answer: Any type of surgery has risks. The American Board of Plastic Surgery ( ABPS) is the most common body that certifies rhinoplasty surgeons.
Question: How can AFib lead to heart failure?
Answer: When you have both, which is common, symptoms tend to be worse than when you have just one or the other. When you have AFib, your heart typically beats faster than normal, even when you're just resting. And since the heart's doing more of quiver than a strong push, it ends up sending out only a fraction of the blood it normally would. It's like the difference between a bunch of short, frantic bursts on a bike pump versus long, steady strokes.
Question: Can AFib lead to heart failure?
Answer: AFib can lead to heart failure, and heart failure puts you at greater risk for AFib. When you have both, which is common, symptoms tend to be worse than when you have just one or the other.
Question: What other heart conditions increase your risk of heart failure and AFib?
Answer: Your odds for heart failure and AFib go up if you have other heart conditions, such as: Coronary artery disease, where plaque builds up in your heart's arteries and leads to less blood flow Cardiomyopathy, which is damage to your heart muscle Heart valve problems, such as a leaky valve or a valve that doesn't fully open Myocarditis, where the muscles of your heart get swollen and irritated Other health conditions.
Question: How can heart failure lead to AFib?
Answer: It works in the other direction, too. Your heart's rhythm is controlled by electrical signals. For those signals to work well, they need healthy heart tissue. But heart failure can actually stretch your atria and cause tissue in your heart to thicken and scar. Those changes throw off the electrical signals, and that messes up the heart's rhythm and can cause AFib.
Question: What are risks you can't control that raise your risks of heart failure and AFib?
Answer: With heart failure, the muscles of your heart are too weak to pump enough blood, so you don't get the oxygen you need. But many people have both, and doctors aren't totally clear why. One reason may be that many of the same things raise your chances of having both conditions. Men are more likely to have these conditions than women.