anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Are your lungs congested because of asthma?
Answer: Your symptoms may include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Hoarseness Coughing up blood Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia If you have it, your swollen airways are sensitive to things you're exposed to every day, like allergy triggers such as pollen, air pollutants, or chemicals in your workplace. The disease tends to run in families. With asthma, you may notice a wheezing sound when you breathe. Sometimes you only have it after you exercise or when you have a cold. Your chest may also feel tight. And you might have a cough at night or get short of breath. A lot of medicines can help, including inhalers that you breathe in to give you quick relief.
Question: Are your lungs congested because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Answer: It's sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis, and it can make you short of breath. Smoking causes this disease most of the time. When you have COPD, the airways in your lungs get inflamed and thicken, which means less oxygen comes in and less carbon dioxide goes out. Over time, the shortness of breath gets worse. Your doctor can give you medication to help you manage the symptoms. If the problems get worse, you may need to use an oxygen tank to help with your breathing trouble.
Question: Are your lungs congested because of a heart attack?
Answer: Get medical help right away if you also have any of these: Pressure or squeezing in the center of your chest Pain in your arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach Feeling short of breath Sweating, nausea, light-headedness It's a serious condition that starts when your heart doesn't pump as strongly as it should.
Question: Are your lungs congested because of lung cancer?
Answer: Smoking causes this disease most of the time. Your symptoms may include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Hoarseness Coughing up blood Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia If you have it, your swollen airways are sensitive to things you're exposed to every day, like allergy triggers such as pollen, air pollutants, or chemicals in your workplace.
Question: What helps fragile hair caused by lupus?
Answer: Try these tips to keep your hair healthy and look your best: For fragile hair: Avoid pulling your hair. Don't put stress on your hair by using curlers, chemical treatments like coloring or straightening, and hot combs or curling irons. Wash with baby shampoo and a leave-in conditioner with sunblock.
Question: What should you do when you have rashes caused by lupus?
Answer: If you have a butterfly-shaped rash on your face or other rashes, ask your doctor if corticosteroid creams, ointments, gels, or injections can help.
Question: What helps minor thinning or bald patches caused by lupus?
Answer: For minor thinning or bald patches: Treat yourself to a new hairstyle. Ask your stylist to suggest a short, layered cut that can help hide the areas and make your hair look thicker. Hair extensions are an option for thin spots on the side of your head if you aren't actively losing hair. But protect your scalp: Avoid chemicals, glues, and heat, and don't make them tight, or you could pull out weak hair.
Question: What are the treatments when lupus affects the skin on the inside of your nose and mouth?
Answer: Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose. If you have sores in your mouth, gargle many times a day with hydrogen peroxide or buttermilk mixed with a little water. Ask your doctor about special mouthwash or dental paste that can help healing. For sores in your nose, try soothing them with petroleum jelly.
Question: How can you prevent Raynaud's phenomenon caused by lupus?
Answer: Also avoid caffeine and cigarettes, which can make this problem worse. Try these tips to keep your hair healthy and look your best: For fragile hair: Avoid pulling your hair. Consider joining a support group if you find that changes in the way you look are affecting your self-esteem.
Question: How can I cover uneven skin color caused by lupus?
Answer: Cover up. Try green hues to offset redness. Bleaching creams with hydroquinone can help dark spots. Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose.
Question: What are treatment options for scars caused by lupus?
Answer: If you have a butterfly-shaped rash on your face or other rashes, ask your doctor if corticosteroid creams, ointments, gels, or injections can help. You can also consider laser therapy for red or dark spots. But these are only an option if your lupus is not active, so get your doctor's OK first.
Question: How can you protect your skin from the sun when you have lupus?
Answer: Try these prevention tips: Use sunscreen every day. Choose a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 . To make sure you're protected against both types of UV rays, check the label to see that it contains mexoryl or avobenzone (chemical blockers), or zinc oxide or titanium dioxide (physical blockers). Avoid peak sun hours. Try to stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when sunlight is the strongest. Exercise outdoors in the early morning or late afternoon or evening. Cover up. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when you're outside. Also use UV-filtering, polarized sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat.
Question: How do UV rays affect your skin when you have lupus?
Answer: UV rays can also trigger patches of raised sores and even worsen the disease overall. Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose.
Question: Are there different types of tests for color blindness?
Answer: Ishihara color test. This checks for red-green color blindness. The doctor will ask you to look at a series of circles (also called plates) with dots of different colors and sizes. Some of the dots form shapes or one- or two-digit numbers. If you have trouble seeing red and green, those shapes will be hard to see, or you may not see them at all. Cambridge color test. This is a lot like the Ishihara test, except that you look at a computer screen. You'll try to find a â Câ shape that's a different color than the background. It pops up randomly. When you see it, you press one of four keys. Anomaloscope. You look through an eyepiece and see a circle. The top half of the circle is a yellow light. The bottom half is made up of red and green lights. You turn knobs until both halves are the same color and brightness. Doctors use this test to check for trouble seeing red and green. Farnsworth- Munsell 100 hue test. This uses blocks or pegs that are different shades of the same color. Your task is to line them up a certain way. This test checks to see if you can pick up slight color changes.
Question: How do I live with color blindness?
Answer: Some people are color blind and don't know it. You can still drive, work, and live a normal life. You may need to find other ways to do some things, though. Some people with red-and-green color blindness wear special contact lenses. Others download apps to help them with colors.
Question: What conditions not tied to your liver can raise your aspartate aminotransferase level?
Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test.
Question: Why would you need an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus.
Question: What can cause a false positive aspartate aminotransferase test result?
Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test. This means your test is positive, even though you don't have liver damage. Any of these can cause a false positive result: Diabetic ketoacidosis ( Your body can't make enough insulin, which helps sugar enter your cells.)
Question: What happens during an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: A nurse or lab tech will take a sample of your blood -- usually from a vein in your arm. She will first tie a band around the upper part of your arm to make your vein fill with blood and swell up. Then she will clean an area on your arm with an antiseptic and put a needle in one of your veins. Your blood will go into a vial or tube. The blood test should only take a couple of minutes. After your blood is drawn, the lab tech will take off the band and pull out the needle. She'll put a piece of gauze and a bandage where the needle went in to stop the bleeding.
Question: Why do you need other tests in addition to an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: Some antibiotics, such as erythromycin estolate or para-aminosalicylic acid ( Paser) AST is usually done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. It's often ordered with a test for alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), another liver enzyme. ALT is more accurate than AST at detecting liver disease. It can more accurately show whether the problem is in your liver or in another part of your body, like your heart or muscles. Your doctor can compare the amount of ALT to AST in your blood to find out whether you have liver damage or a problem with another organ, such as your heart.
Question: What are other reasons for an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus. You drink a lot of alcohol. You take medicine that's known to damage the liver. You have a family history of liver disease. You have obesity. You have diabetes or metabolic syndrome. You've had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Your doctor might also want you to get this test to see if treatments you take for liver disease are working. The AST test is also part of a comprehensive metabolic panel -- a blood test your doctor does as part of a routine exam.
Question: When should you talk to your doctor about an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your doctor might also do other tests of enzymes and proteins your liver makes, such as: Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) Bilirubin Total protein Talk with your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. Also find out how these results might affect your treatment.
Question: How do you prepare for an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: You don't need any special preparation for the ALT test. Tell your doctor what drugs or supplements you take. Some medicines can affect the results of this test.
Question: What is an aspartate aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your liver is an organ that has many important jobs. Other organs, like your heart, kidneys, brain, and muscles, also make smaller amounts. Normally, AST levels in your blood are low. When your liver is damaged, it puts more AST into your blood, and your levels rise. A high AST level is a sign of liver damage, but it can also mean you have damage to another organ that makes it, like your heart or kidneys. That's why doctors often do the AST test together with tests of other liver enzymes. Your doctor might also want you to get this test to see if treatments you take for liver disease are working. The AST blood test is safe.
Question: When should you make an appointment about the symptoms of bladder cancer?
Answer: Make an appointment if you have any of these other symptoms: You have to pee more often than usual. Your urine changes color. It hurts or burns when you pee. You feel like you have to pee -- even if your bladder's not full. You can't pee, or you pee very little. If you notice any of these things, call your doctor, but don't panic. Having these symptoms doesn't mean you have cancer. You could have a urinary tract infection, bladder infection, or some other less serious condition.
Question: What can happen once bladder cancer starts to spread?
Answer: Once bladder cancer starts to spread, you may notice that: You can't pee, even when you feel like you have to. Your lower back hurts. You're losing weight without trying. You're not as hungry as usual. You have swollen feet. Your bones hurt. You often feel extremely tired or weak. Again, see your doctor if any of these things happen to you. They more likely signal that you have something other than bladder cancer.
Question: What are the symptoms of bladder cancer?
Answer: It may be just a little, or it can be enough to change the color of your pee. It may turn orange, pink, or darker red. You may see blood one day, but not the next. If you have bladder cancer, the blood eventually comes back. In some cases, you can't see blood in your urine. Your doctor or lab tech will only detect it with a urine test.
Question: How does your body make growth hormone?
Answer: Growth hormone is made by the pituitary gland. It's a pea-sized gland near the center of your head, just below the front of the brain and behind your nose.
Question: What will you need to do before you take a growth hormone stimulation test?
Answer: If you need to take a growth hormone stimulation test, you may need to: Fast: Some medical experts recommend up to 12 hours without food before the test. Talk to your doctor about this beforehand to find out what you should do in your case. Avoid certain medications: These include insulin, birth control pills, and the herb St. John's wort. If you take these or any other medicines, talk to your doctor to see what you need to do. Don't exercise: Workouts 10 hours or less before the test can throw off resting hormone levels.
Question: How do you take medications to treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.
Question: What medicines help with food digestion in people with diabetes?
Answer: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose. You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.
Question: Can weight loss surgery help with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Weight loss surgery gets rid of extra pounds. And that alone will help control your blood sugar. But it also raises the level of hormones in your gut called incretins. These tell your pancreas to make insulin. Over time, you may be able to take less medication.
Question: How do injectable drugs help treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Injectable drugs slow how quickly food leaves your stomach and make you feel full. And they tell your liver to back off making glucose around mealtimes. GLP-1 receptor agonists help your pancreas make insulin. Some of them you take every day, while others last a week. Pramlintide ( Symlin) acts like a hormone, amylin, that your pancreas sends out with insulin. You only take it if you're also using insulin.
Question: How are types of insulin for type 2 diabetes grouped?
Answer: Types of insulin are grouped by how fast they start to work and how long their effects last. You might have to use more than one kind of insulin. Some insulins come pre-mixed.
Question: How do you treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You have lots of options to manage diabetes. Food, exercise, and medication work together to bring your blood sugar under control. Your doctor will help you figure out if you need to take medicine, which kind is right for you, and how often you should take it. Over your lifetime, you'll probably handle your disease in different ways. Sometimes medications stop working, and you'll have to switch. You'll need to adjust to changes in your body as you age. And researchers are looking for new diabetes medicines and ways to treat it.
Question: How are pills used to treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: M edications are often the first kind of medicine people with type 2 diabetes try when diet and exercise alone aren't enough to keep their blood sugar in a healthy range. There are many of them, and they work in different ways.
Question: How can physical activity help with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: From working out to doing chores, activity lowers your blood sugar. It helps your cells use insulin. It also helps your muscles use glucose. Make sure you check your blood sugar before and after exercise.
Question: What medications are used to treat type 2 diabete and how do they work?
Answer: This group includes metformin, one of the most commonly used drugs to treat diabetes. It tells your liver to hang on to some of the glucose it makes. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas. These medications tell your pancreas to make more insulin. DPP-4 inhibitors keep your body from breaking down hormones that give your pancreas the "go" signal for insulin. This means they work longer when you need to lower your blood sugar after a meal. Thiazolidinediones, TZDs, or glitazones. These medicines help insulin work better. They lower insulin resistance from your cells so your pancreas doesn't have to work as hard. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose.
Question: How do I take insulin for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Types of insulin are grouped by how fast they start to work and how long their effects last. You might have to use more than one kind of insulin. Some insulins come pre-mixed. You can take insulin in one of several ways: Injections with a needle and syringe. Insulin pump .
Question: Why do I need to check my blood sugar if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: How much and when you eat are important, too. Your blood glucose number tells you how well your treatment is working. Your doctor will let you know how many times a day you need to check it. It depends on what diabetes medications you're taking.
Question: How does insulin help with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Insulin therapy could be a short-term fix for a stressful situation or because other medicines aren't enough to control their blood sugar. You'll need to make lifestyle changes to help you successfully manage type 2 diabetes.
Question: How can you take insulin for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You can take insulin in one of several ways: Injections with a needle and syringe. Insulin pump .
Question: What can your blood sugar tell you if you have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: How much and when you eat are important, too. Your blood glucose number tells you how well your treatment is working. Your doctor will let you know how many times a day you need to check it. It depends on what diabetes medications you're taking.
Question: How can diet and exercise help with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: And that alone will help control your blood sugar. Doctors usually recommend weight loss surgery only for men who are at least 100 pounds overweight and women with at least 80 extra pounds.
Question: What can help to manage your type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Food, exercise, and medication work together to bring your blood sugar under control. Your doctor will help you figure out if you need to take medicine, which kind is right for you, and how often you should take it. Over your lifetime, you'll probably handle your disease in different ways. Sometimes medications stop working, and you'll have to switch. You'll need to adjust to changes in your body as you age. And researchers are looking for new diabetes medicines and ways to treat it. You'll need to make lifestyle changes to help you successfully manage type 2 diabetes.
Question: What are the symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of a UTI can include: A burning feeling when you pee A frequent or intense urge to pee, even though little comes out when you do Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling pee Feeling tired or shaky Fever or chills (a sign that the infection may have reached your kidneys) Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen An infection can happen in different parts of your urinary tract.
Question: What are the treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: If you have three or more UTIs a year, ask your doctor to recommend a treatment plan. Some options include taking: A low dose of an antibiotic over a longer period to help prevent repeat infections A single dose of an antibiotic after sex, which is a common infection trigger Antibiotics for 1 or 2 days every time symptoms appear At-home urine tests, which you can get without a prescription, can help you decide whether you need to call your doctor.
Question: How likely am I to get urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: Some experts rank your lifetime risk of getting one as high as 1 in 2, with many women having repeat infections, sometimes for years.
Question: How effective is cranberry juice for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: The urethra -- the tube that takes pee from the bladder to the outside of the body -- is close to the anus. Cranberry juice is often promoted to prevent or treat UTIs. The red berry contains a tannin that might prevent E. coli bacteria -- the most common cause of urinary tract infections -- from sticking to the walls of your bladder, where they can cause an infection.
Question: What causes penile cancer?
Answer: If you or someone you love has it, you'll want to know what your options are. Experts don't know exactly what causes this disease. Not being circumcised may make it more likely. If bodily fluids get trapped in the foreskin and aren't washed away, they may contribute to the growth of cancer cells. Some research suggests that men who are exposed to certain strains of HPV (human papillomavirus) may also be more likely to get penile cancer. This type of cancer is more common in men over age 60, in smokers, and in those who have a weakened immune system.
Question: Can I still have sex if I have penile cancer?
Answer: If your cancer is advanced or has a high risk of spreading, treatment may involve any of the above, and/or: Surgery to remove some or all o your inguinal lymph nodes if your cancer has spread to them Radiation and/or chemotherapy to rid your body of cancer cells A penectomy, which is surgery to remove some or all of your penis Most treatments for early-stage penile cancer don't affect your ability to have sex, but chemotherapy and radiation may. Talk to your doctor about possible side effects.
Question: Can HPV cause penile cancer?
Answer: Some research suggests that men who are exposed to certain strains of HPV (human papillomavirus) may also be more likely to get penile cancer.
Question: What are some resources and support groups for people with penile cancer?
Answer: Ask your doctor about support groups at your hospital or in your community. You can also find support groups for men with penile cancer online. As you go through your treatment, it can also help to talk with a therapist or social worker who works with people who have cancer.