anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Where is the protein "Single-stranded DNA-binding protein" found?
Answer: In the mitochondrion (mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein, mtSSB) and its role is the regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication initiation in mammalian mitochondria.
Question: For which indication has inotersen been approved?
Answer: Inoteresen has been approved for patients in stage 1 and stage 2 hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy.
Question: Which disease is caused by mutations in the gene CALR?
Answer: Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) have been identified as a main disease driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms,
Question: Which tool has been developed for annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins?
Answer: GprotPRED is a tool that has been developed for annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins using profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs).
GprotPRED is an online tool that uses profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) and application to proteomes. The sensitivity and specificity for all pHMMs were equal to 100% with the exception of the Gβ case, where sensitivity equals to 100%, while specificity is 99.993%.
Question: What is the KDEL retention signal?
Answer: the -KDEL retention signal sequence is characteristic of many proteins localized to the ER.
Question: When was Vitravene approved in Brazil?
Answer: Vitravene was approved in Brazil in the summer of 1999.
Question: What is the association between maternal and fetal alloantigens and RANTES production?
Answer: Maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens may be induced by RANTES production.
Induction of maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens by RANTES production.
Question: What is the half-life of epimutations across generations of C. elegans?
Answer: In C. elegans, epimutations typically have short half-lives of two to three generations. Nevertheless, some epimutations last at least ten generations.
Question: What does temsirolimus inhibit?
Answer: Temsirolimus is a mTOR inhibitor
Question: What happens to the expression levels of piRNAs in the case of intracranial aneurysm rupture?
Answer: piRNAs showed a substantial decrease in RNA abundance that was sustained after IA rupture.
Question: Lucio’s Phenomenon is characteristic to which disease?
Answer: Lucio's phenomenon is a rare but distinctive skin eruption seen in patients with diffuse lepromatous leprosy.
Question: Where are the complexins expressed?
Answer: Complexins (CPLXs), initially identified in neuronal presynaptic terminals, are cytoplasmic proteins that interact with the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex to regulate the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane.
Question: What is the gene ABCG1 encoding?
Answer: ABCG1 is an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter that removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues.
Question: When was Volanesorsen approved in the EU?
Answer: In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome.
Question: How many copies of LBX are found in teleosts?
Answer: In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 Lbx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx genes) were found.
URL_0   > In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 LBx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx genes) were found.
Question: What is the drug Aduhelm approved for?
Answer: he Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for Aduhelm (aducanumab) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease under its accelerated approval program
Question: What disease is presenilin involved in?
Answer: Loss-of-function mutations in PSEN1/2 genes are the leading cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD).
Question: In what part of the body is the masseter muscle located?
Answer: In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication and is located in the jaw.
Question: What is the function of the protein SLC26A5?
Answer: SLC26A5 transporter prestin is fundamental for the higher hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammals. Prestin is a voltage-dependent transporter found in the cochlear outer hair cells responsible for their electromotility.
Question: Bimekizumab is used for treatment of which disease?
Answer: Bimekizumab is used for psoriasis.
Question: What is the rate of epimutations in C. elegans?
Answer: In C. elegans epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence changes.
Question: Which disease can be prevented with PfSPZ Vaccine?
Answer: PfSPZ Vaccine is used for prevention of malaria.
Question: What is MACE in the context of cardiotoxicity?
Answer: MACE is an acronym for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.
major adverse cardiac events (MACE)
Question: Which clinical trials led to the first approval of Volanesorsen by the EU?
Answer: The approval of Volanesorsen by the EU was based on the positive results from the multinational, phase III APPROACH and COMPASS studies.
Question: Which company developed Waylivra?
Answer: Waylivra is being developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals through its subsidiary company, Akcea Therapeutics.
Question: What is the most frequent evolution (next stage) when Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is not treated?
Answer: Intramural hematoma IMH may progress to classic dissection, frank rupture, or aneurysmal dilation.
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) evolves very dynamically in the short-term to regression, dissection, or aortic rupture
Question: When is lorlatinib used?
Answer: Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mutations, including the solvent-front mutation G1202R.
Question: Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors regulate the development of what body systems/organs?
Answer: Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals
Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals.
Question: When is the protein OAS1 activated?
Answer: OAS1 is a IFN-stimulated gene. Antiviral response.
Question: Describe applications of the CHALICE rule?
Answer: The children's head injury algorithm for the prediction of important clinical events (CHALICE) is one of the strongest clinical prediction rules for the management of children with head injuries. It can be used to predict death, need for neurosurgical intervention or CT abnormality in children with head trauma.
Question: What is Tagsedi?
Answer: Tagsedi is a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide with 2'-O-methoxyethyl modification designed to bind to the 3' untranslated region of the transthyretin mRNA in the nucleus of the liver cells.
Question: What is PPROM?
Answer: Preterm premature(Prelabor) rupture of fetal membranes  is often abbreviated as PPROM, and is  defined as rupture of membranes before the onset of labor at < 37 weeks' gestation, affects approximately 3% of all pregnancies
Preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM) is defined as rupture of membranes before the onset of labor at  37 weeks' gestation, affects approximately 3% of all pregnancies.
spontaneous preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM).
Question: What is the role of the AIMS65 score?
Answer: AIMS65 score is used to predict outcomes after upper GI bleeding.
Question: What is the use of the CAHP score?
Answer: CAHP (cardiac arrest hospital prognosis) score is used to evaluate prognosis after cardiac arrest.
Question: What is F105-P?
Answer: F105-P is a protamine-antibody fusion protein designed to deliver siRNA to HIV-infected or envelope-transfected cells. In specific, it was designed with the protamine coding sequence linked to the C terminus of the heavy chain Fab fragment of an HIV-1 envelope antibody.
Question: Should edasalonexent be used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients?
Answer: No. In phase 3 clinical trial edasalonexent did not achieve statistical significance for improvement in primary and secondary functional endpoints for assessment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, subgroup analysis suggested that edasalonexent may slow disease progression if initiated before 6 years of age.
Question: What are piRNAs?
Answer: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are germline-specific small RNAs that form effector complexes with PIWI proteins (Piwi-piRNA complexes) and play critical roles for preserving genomic integrity by repressing transposable elements (TEs).
Question: What is the white mutation in Drosophila affecting?
Answer: Βeyond the classical eye-color phenotype, mutations in Drosophila white gene could impair several biological functions affecting parameters like mobility, life span and stress tolerance.
Question: What is Upadacitinib?
Answer: Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
Question: What is Mobilome-seq?
Answer: Mobilome-seq is a method for selectively amplifying and sequencing eccDNAs. It relies on linear digestion of genomic DNA followed by rolling circle amplification of circular DNA. Both active DNA transposons and retrotransposons can be identified using this technique.
Question: What is Waylivra?
Answer: Volanesorsen (Waylivra®), an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) mRNA to treat familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), hypertriglyceridemia and familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL).
Question: What is known about FANK1?
Answer: Fank1 encodes a protein containing a fibronectin type III domain in the amino terminus and five ankyrin repeats in its carboxyl terminus. FANK1 displays a high degree of sequence conservation in 11 vertebrate species during evolution. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses revealed that Fank1 was exclusively expressed in the testis in both mice and humans.
Consistent with its nuclear localization, a gene ontology analysis suggests that FANK1 has a DNA binding activity and thus may function as a transcription factor.
Question: What is nephropathic cystinosis?
Answer: Nephropathic cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is characterised by the accumulation of the amino acid cystine in several body tissues due to a mutation in the CTNS gene, which encodes the cystinosin protein.
Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. It is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes the cystinosin protein. In cases of cystinoin deficiency, free cystine accumulates in lyssomes and forms toxic crystals.
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of intracellular cystine in various tissues including the brain, kidneys, bones, and eyes.
Question: What is the correlation of Cathepsin L and COVID-19?
Answer: Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a kind of the SARS-entry-associated CoV-2's proteases, which plays a key role in the virus's entry into the cell and subsequent infection
Question: Which drugs are in the Segluromet combination pill?
Answer: Segluromet includes combinations of ertugliflozin and metformin. It has recently been approved by the US FDA as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with T2DM.
Question: What are the diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis?
Answer: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), diagnosis is based on five criteria (fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, and hemophagocytosis).
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a severe hyper inflammatory condition whose cardinal symptoms are prolonged fever, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemophagocytosis by activated, morphologically benign macrophages.
Question: Which proteins are markers of myositis?
Answer: Blood tests showed significantly increased CK and aldolase values in patients with myositis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001).
Question: What drugs are included in the Avandamet pill?
Answer: The combination of metformin and rosiglitazone in a single pill (Avandamet), was approved by the FDA in October 2002 for the treatment of diabetes.
Question: Please list the tests used to diagnose Allergic Rhinitis.
Answer: Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is made by a combination of medical history, physical examination, positive methacholine challenge result or bronchodilator responsiveness, determination of IgE-mediated sensitization, and specific inhalation challenge tests as the gold standard, specific IgE screening tests include  Skin prick test (SPT), Phadiatop, and nasal provocation test (NPT).
Question: Febrifugine could be repositioned for what diseases?
Answer: Febrifugine exerts potent antischistosomal effects and can be expected to contribute to the development of a novel antischistosomal drug. In addition, Prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) drives protein translation in cells and are validated targets of febrifugine (FF) and its halogenated derivative halofuginone (HF). PRSs are of great interest for drug development against Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Febrifugine analogues have potential as Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase inhibitors
Febrifugine exerts potent antischistosomal effects and can be expected to contribute to the development of a novel antischistosomal drug.
Question: Which organizations approved Tagsedi in 2018?
Answer: In 2018 Tagsedi was approved by the United States Food and Drug Agency, Health Canada, and European Commission.
Question: What are the 4 histological types of lung cancer?
Answer: There are 4 histological classes of lung cancer, small cell carcinoma and 3 non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types, adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma.
Lung cancer is broadly subclassified on the basis of histological features into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
Question: Which endothelial cell migration pathways were modulated at the gene expression level by rHDL-apoE3?
Answer: The most pronounced effect was observed for EC migration, with 42/198 genes being involved in the following EC migration-related pathways: 1) MEK/ERK, 2) PI3K/AKT/eNOS-MMP2/9, 3) RHO-GTPases, and 4) integrin.
Question: Austrian syndrome is a rare entity characterized by Osler's triad. Please list the 3 components of Osler's triad.
Answer: Austrian syndrome, which is also known as Osler's triad, is a rare aggressive pathology consisting of pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Austrian syndrome, which is also known as Osler's triad, is a rare aggressive pathology consisting of pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Austrian syndrome is a rare triad of meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Question: Please list the difference between Pyoderma gangrenosum versus chronic venous ulceration?
Answer: Diagnosis of Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG) especially when trying to differentiate it from chronic venous ulceration(CVU) requires a number of clinical observations.  1. Pyoderma gangrenosum usually affects the upper and lower legs and feet or peristomal sites compared with chronic venous ulcers that are limited to the lower legs and feet. (2) Pyoderma gangrenosum can be associated with systemic diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease. (3) Pustules and purulent discharge are features of pyoderma gangrenosum but not of chronic venous ulcers. (4) Crater-like holes or cribriform scarring is commonly seen in pyoderma gangrenosum but not in chronic venous ulcers. (5) Pathergy is a specific but not sensitive finding of pyoderma gangrenosum
Even when other body sites are affected, pyoderma gangrenosum usually affects the upper and lower legs and feet or peristomal sites compared with chronic venous ulcers that are limited to the lower legs and feet. (2) Pyoderma gangrenosum can be associated with systemic diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease. (4) Crater-like holes or cribriform scarring is commonly seen in pyoderma gangrenosum but not in chronic venous ulcers.
Question: Which variables are included in the ALT-70 Score for cellulitis?
Answer: ALT-70 cellulitis score includes: Asymmetry (3 points), Leukocytosis (1 point), Tachycardia (1 point), and age ≥70 (2 points).
Question: List biomarkers for sepsis.
Answer: HCK, PRKCD, SIRPA, DOK3, ITGAM, LTB4R, MAPK14, MALT1, NLRC3, LCK
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
sTM
Question: Please list the drugs associated with Drug-Induced Hypophosphatemia.
Answer: Drug induced hypophosphatemia can occur with iron therapy as well a treatment with ferric carboxymaltose,  elotuzumab, cemiplimab, Temsirolimus,  capecitabine, panobinostat, bendamustine, ofatumumab, carboplatin and etoposide (BOCE)
Question: Which drugs are included in the Qtern pill?
Answer: Qtern pill includes saxagliptin and dapagliflozin. It is indicated in the EU for the improvement of glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Question: List SLE-related autoantibodies.
Answer: Serum autoantibodies analyzed included lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipine (aCL) IgG and IgM (first 3 also grouped into antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL)), anti-dsDNA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-RNP, and anti-Sm (the latter 5 grouped into SLE-related autoantibodies).
Diagnostic panels comprising anti-RPLP2, anti-SNRPC and anti-PARP1, and anti-RPLP2, anti-PARP1, anti-MAK16 and anti- RPL7A were selected.
Question: Which drugs are included in the Contrave pill?
Answer: Contrave® is an adjunct pharmacotherapy for obesity that contains bupropion (BUP) and naltrexone (NTX).
Question: Which drugs are included in the Lonsurf combination pill?
Answer: Lonsurf is an oral fixed dose combination of trifluridine and tipiracil that is used for cancer treatment.
Question: What is the use of Atogepant?
Answer: Atogepant is used for preventive treatment of migraine.
Question: What is the function of the protein SERT?
Answer: SERT is a Serotonin transporter.
Question: What causes Ocular Thelaziasis?
Answer: Ocular Thelaziasis is caused by Thelazia callipaeda.
Question: What is the role of cytidine deaminase in healthy cells?
Answer: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) catalyses the deamination of deoxycytidines to deoxyuracils within immunoglobulin genes to induce somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination.
Question: Through which pathway does the FTO-guided demethylation of GADD46 drive myogenesis?
Answer: FTO-mediated demethylation of GADD45B promotes myogenesis through the activation of p38 MAPK pathway.
Question: What is the function of the protein PIEZO1?
Answer: Piezo1 is a key element of the  mechanotransduction process and can transduce mechanical signals into biological signals by mediating Ca2+ influx, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal remodeling and stress alterations.
Question: What is the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification site of RUNX1T1?
Answer: The RRACH motif is the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification site of RUNX1T1.
Question: Which disorder is caused by biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1)?
Answer: Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB).
Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB)
Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), which is caused by a protein-coupled receptor-protein interaction.
Question: Which disease is treated with Tebentafusp?
Answer: Tebentafusp is used for treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.
Question: What are TAMs in cancer therapy?
Answer: TAMs are Tumor Associated Macrophages and are important in Cancer therapy.
Question: Which java utility has been developed for class hidden markov models?
Answer: JUCHMME is an open-source software package in Java designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols.
JUCHMME is an open-source software package designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols, and is used for biological sequence analysis and class hidden markov models in Java EE 8 and Java EE 9.
JUCHMME is an open-source software package designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols.
Question: Where is the body would the Peyer's patches be found
Answer: Peyer's patches (PPs) play a major role in intestinal mucosal immunity and are located in the gut.
Question: Which disease is treated with Risdiplam?
Answer: Risdiplam is approved for spinal muscular atrophy.
Question: When was galcanezumab approved by FDA?
Answer: Galcanezumab was approved by the FDA in September 2018.
Question: Tofersen has been developed for treatment of which disease?
Answer: Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates the degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) messenger RNA to reduce SOD1 protein synthesis is being studied for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis due to SOD1 mutations.
Question: What is the cause of lactose intolerance?
Answer: Lactose intolerance is a common condition caused by lactase deficiency and may result in symptoms of lactose malabsorption (bloating, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and change in bowel habits).
Four clinical subtypes of lactose intolerance may be distinguished, namely lactase deficiency in premature infants, congenital lactase deficiency, adult-type hypolactasia and secondary lactase intolerance.
Question: What is the activity of a Oligosaccharyltransferases ?
Answer: oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins
Question: On what chromosome would the MKKS gene for McKusick-Kaufman(AKA Kaufman-McKusick) syndrome be found?
Answer: The MKKS gene is mapped to chromosome 20
Question: What is another name for  keratomileusis?
Answer: Laser in situ keratomileusis  is also known as LASIK
Report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia correction after long-term follow-up
Report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia correction after long-term follow-up.
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Question: In which motif of the RUNX1T1 protein is the rs34269950 SNP located?
Answer: The rs34269950 SNP of RUNX1T1 is located in the 'RRACH' motif.
Question: Isotocin is an homolog of what hormone?
Answer: Isotocin is a homolog of oxytocin.
Question: Fingolimod is a selective antagonist for which molecule?
Answer: Fingolimod is a selective S1P1 functional antagonist by induction of irreversible S1P1 internalization and degradation.
Question: Telomestatin is derived from what organism?
Answer: Telomestatin is a natural macrocyclic compound derived from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4
Question: Which plant is khellin extracted from?
Answer: Khellin is extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi visnaga.
Question: What is vesiduction?
Answer: 'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer.
Question: What is the route of administration of eptinezumab?
Answer: Eptinezumab is administered intravenously.
Question: What is the origin of  HEp-2 cells?
Answer: human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line (HEp-2)
Question: What is another name for bimagrumab
Answer: Bimagrumab also goes by the name BYM338.
Question: What is the generic name of the Xofluza?
Answer: Baloxavir marboxi is the generic name of Xofluza. It is approved for influenza.
Question: What is the synonym of MK-1602?
Answer: MK-1602 is also named Ubrogepant.