anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are some basic things to know when you and your doctor are coming up with your child's asthma treatment plan?
Answer: Developing an effective medication plan to control a child's asthma can take a little time and trial and error. Different drugs work more or less effectively for different kinds of asthma, and some drug combinations work well for some children but not for others. There are two main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications (rescue medications) and long-term preventive drugs (controller medications) (see Treatment of Asthma). Asthma drugs treat both symptoms and causes, so they effectively control asthma for nearly every child. Over-the-counter drugs, home remedies, and herbal combinations are not substitutes for prescription asthma medication because they cannot reverse airway obstruction and they do not address the cause of many asthma flares.
Question: Why are warning signs important for children with asthma?
Answer: Parents with very young children who can't talk often find early warning signs very helpful in predicting and preventing attacks. And early warning signs can be helpful for older children and even teenagers because they can learn to sense little changes in themselves.
Question: How do I identify asthma triggers and symptoms in children?
Answer: Keep a record of when symptoms occur and how long they last. Once patterns are discovered, some of the triggers can be avoided through environmental control measures, which are steps to reduce exposure to a child's allergy triggers. Talk with your doctor about starting with environmental control measures that will limit those allergens and irritants causing immediate problems for a child. Remember that allergies develop over time with continued exposure to allergens, so a child's asthma triggers may change over time.
Question: How can I control irritants that trigger asthma?
Answer: To control irritants: Do not smoke (or allow others to smoke) at home, even when a child is not present. Do not burn wood fires in fireplaces or wood stoves. Avoid strong odors from paint, perfume, hair spray, disinfectants, chemical cleaners, air fresheners, and glues.
Question: Why is it important to learn more about asthma and its triggers?
Answer: Learning more about asthma and asthma treatment is the secret to successful asthma control. There are several organizations you can contact for information, videos, books, educational video games, and pamphlets.
Question: What can you do about outdoor asthma triggers for children?
Answer: Outdoor controls When mold or pollen counts are high, give your child medications recommended by your doctor (usually an antihistamine like Zyrtec or Claritin) before going outdoors. After playing outdoors, the child should bathe and change clothes. Drive with the car windows shut and air conditioning on during mold and pollen seasons. Don't let a child mow the grass or rake leaves. In some cases, the doctor may recommend immunotherapy, a way of gradually improving your child's tolerance of allergens that bother him, when control measures and medications are not effective.
Question: What are a few ways to control dust mites?
Answer: The following are suggested environmental control measures for different allergens and irritants: Indoor controls To control dust mites: Use only polyester-filled pillows and comforters (never feather or down). Use mite-proof covers (available at allergy supply stores) over pillows and mattresses. Keep covers clean by vacuuming or wiping them down once a week. Wash your child's sheets and blankets once a week in very hot water (130 degrees or higher) to kill dust mites. Dust and vacuum weekly. If possible, use a vacuum specially designed to collect and trap dust mites (with a HEPA filter). Reduce the number of dust-collecting house plants, books, knickknacks, and non washable stuffed animals in your home.
Question: How can I control pollens and molds?
Answer: To control pollens and molds: Ventilate bathrooms, basements, and other damp places where mold can grow. Filters should be changed per the manufacturer's recommendations. Avoid wallpaper and carpets in bathrooms because mold can grow under them. Use bleach to kill mold in bathrooms. Keep windows and doors shut during pollen season. Breathing tests measure the volume and speed of air as it is exhaled from the lungs.
Question: What are asthma triggers in children?
Answer: Triggers are the factors that irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms. Triggers can change seasonally and as a child grows older. Some common triggers are cigarette smoke, allergens like dust, dust mites, and pet dander, viral infections, irritants like strong perfumes, exercise, breathing cold air, and weather changes. Patients with asthma have chronic inflammation of their airways.
Question: What does the hepatitis C virus cause?
Answer: It's caused by the hepatitis C virus. About 3.9 million people in the U. S. have the disease. But it causes few symptoms, so most of them don't know.
Question: What are the forms of the hepatitis C virus?
Answer: There are many forms of the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The most common in the U. S. is type 1. None is more serious than any other, but they respond differently to treatment.
Question: Who should get tested for hepatitis C?
Answer: You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.
Question: How is hepatitis C diagnosed?
Answer: If your antibody test is positive, you'll get this test: HCV RNA: It measures the number of viral RNA (genetic material from the hepatitis virus) particles in your blood.
Question: What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?
Answer: But between 2 weeks and 6 months after the virus enters your bloodstream, you could notice: Clay-colored poop Dark urine Fever Fatigue Jaundice (a condition that causes yellow eyes and skin, as well as dark urine) Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea Stomach pain Vomiting Symptoms usually last for 2 to 12 weeks. This combination is approved to treat adults with chronic HCV, either with no cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (the stage of the disease that doesn't have symptoms), who've already had certain treatments.
Question: How can you get hepatitis C?
Answer: The virus spreads through an infected person's blood or body fluids. You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.
Question: How is hepatitis C treated?
Answer: The most common in the U. S. is type 1. But hepatitis C treatments have changed a lot in recent years. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir ( Harvoni). This once-daily pill cures the disease in most people in 8-12 weeks. Elbasvir-grazoprevir ( Zepatier). This once-daily pill has cured the disease in as many as 97% of those treated.
Question: What does treatment of hepatitis C depend on?
Answer: There are many forms of the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The most common in the U. S. is type 1. Your doctor will make sure you get regular screenings because there are usually no symptoms in the early stages.
Question: Are there any long-term effects of hepatitis C?
Answer: Now you're more likely to get one of these medications: Daclastasvir ( Daklinza). The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex.
Question: How can you prevent hepatitis C infection?
Answer: The results can be: Nonreactive, or negative: That may mean you don't have hep C. If you've been exposed in the last 6 months, you'll need to be retested. They usually show up 1-2 weeks after you're infected. The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Don't share personal items like razors. The equipment may have someone else's blood on it.
Question: What does a breast surgeon do for breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who specializes in the surgical removal of breast tumors and lymph nodes while saving as much of the breast as possible. These doctors may also do biopsies to diagnose or treat the cancer.
Question: What does a plastic surgeon do for breast cancer?
Answer: A surgeon who specializes in breast reconstruction.
Question: What does a pathologist for breast cancer do?
Answer: A doctor who checks tissue samples under a microscope. They decide whether cancer is present, its size, whether the surgery removed all the cancer, and how many lymph nodes have cancer, if any.
Question: What does a surgical oncologist for breast cancer do?
Answer: Surgical oncologists perform biopsies and other operations such as removing a lump or a breast. These doctors have completed their general surgery training and have received additional training in surgical oncology.
Question: What does a radiation oncologist for breast cancer do?
Answer: A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation.
Question: What other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Radiation oncologist. A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation. Other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment, including: Oncology nurses who have special skills and pass a certifying test Radiation technologist who helps place you in the correct treatment position and delivers the proper radiation dose to the proper site Radiation physicist who helps plan the radiation dosage and treatment field to make it as safe as possible Your primary care doctor can refer you to a specialist to treat your breast cancer.
Question: Should you look for a board-certified breast cancer specialist?
Answer: For example, there is no board certification for breast cancer surgery. Surgeons performing breast cancer surgery should be board-certified in general surgery, which gives them the basic skills needed to perform breast surgery. If doctors practice in specialties that do not have national boards, additional training such as fellowships and years of experience are usually good measures of their qualifications.
Question: What is the role of surgical oncologist in treating breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who specializes in the surgical treatment of cancer. Surgical oncologists perform biopsies and other operations such as removing a lump or a breast. These doctors have completed their general surgery training and have received additional training in surgical oncology.
Question: What is a radiation oncologist?
Answer: A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation.
Question: What breast cancer specialties don't have board certifications?
Answer: But some of the specialties that are important in cancer treatment don't have board certifications. Doctors who practice in these specialties are board-certified in a broader field. For example, there is no board certification for breast cancer surgery. Surgeons performing breast cancer surgery should be board-certified in general surgery, which gives them the basic skills needed to perform breast surgery.
Question: What does a radiologist do if you have breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who is trained in reading X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, and other forms of imaging that look into the body.
Question: What is a medical oncologist?
Answer: A doctor who specializes in the medical treatment of cancer. Medical oncologists have a thorough knowledge of how cancers behave and grow and how to use medication to treat them. They also figure out the risk of the breast cancer coming back, as well as the need for more treatments (such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation therapy).
Question: What does a radiologist do for breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who is trained in reading X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, and other forms of imaging that look into the body.
Question: What is the role of a pathologist in treating breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who checks tissue samples under a microscope. They decide whether cancer is present, its size, whether the surgery removed all the cancer, and how many lymph nodes have cancer, if any.
Question: What does a breast surgeon do for someone with breast cancer?
Answer: A doctor who specializes in the surgical removal of breast tumors and lymph nodes while saving as much of the breast as possible. These doctors may also do biopsies to diagnose or treat the cancer.
Question: What are breast cancer specialists?
Answer: Specialists are doctors who have trained in a specific area of medicine. After finishing the training needed for their specialty, they must pass an exam given by the specialty board. Doctors who pass the national board exams become board-certified specialists. Doctors who have not completed the specialty board exam are "board-eligible" but are not yet specialists.
Question: What if a doctor's specialty doesn't offer board certification?
Answer: If doctors practice in specialties that do not have national boards, additional training such as fellowships and years of experience are usually good measures of their qualifications. Some specialists can subspecialize by completing more training in a particular area. They can sometimes become board-certified in the subspecialty, too.
Question: How can you find a specialist to treat your breast cancer?
Answer: Your primary care doctor may refer you to one or more specialists. You can also get the names of specialists from a medical society, your local hospitals, and medical schools. The American Board of Medical Specialties publishes The Official ABMS Directory of Board Certified Medical Specialists. This lists a specialist's name, education, and specialty field. You can buy the directory, but it's also available at no charge through www.abms.org and at most public libraries.
Question: What does a medical oncologist for breast cancer do?
Answer: They also figure out the risk of the breast cancer coming back, as well as the need for more treatments (such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation therapy). The medical oncologist manages your overall medical care for cancer and monitors your health during your treatment. They check your progress frequently, review your lab and X-ray results, and coordinate your medical care before and after your treatment. Other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment, including: Oncology nurses who have special skills and pass a certifying test Radiation technologist who helps place you in the correct treatment position and delivers the proper radiation dose to the proper site Radiation physicist who helps plan the radiation dosage and treatment field to make it as safe as possible Your primary care doctor can refer you to a specialist to treat your breast cancer.
Question: What are some tips for choosing the right day care for my loved ones with Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: Local churches and senior centers may have a list of nearby programs. You can also check with assisted-living facilities and nursing homes. Find out about the center's application process, who they serve, and take a look at sample menus and activity calendars. Once you've done some basic research, there are a few things to consider: How long the program has been open Who owns or sponsors it When they're open How much does it cost?
Question: What choosing a day care for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, what things should I keep in mind when I visit?
Answer: Your loved one can go to day care during daytime hours and come home for the night. Find out about the center's application process, who they serve, and take a look at sample menus and activity calendars. Is there a place for people to go when they're sick? What kind of licensing or credentials do the staff have? Do volunteers help out? What is the staff-to-client ratio? ( Six clients per staff member is good). Can you look at a list of references?
Question: What some of the risks of an immunotherapy clinical trial?
Answer: Like all medicine, immunotherapy comes with risks. A few to think about before you join a clinical trial: The treatment may not work. There may be unexpected side effects. You may need tests that could be uncomfortable or take a lot of time. Your health insurance may not cover some costs.
Question: Why should I consider taking part in a clinical trial?
Answer: There are many reasons to consider taking part in a clinical trial: You may get it along with other treatments to boost your odds of beating cancer. It has cured some cancers. You have access to a medicine that isn't available to the public. You could help scientists learn more about cancer so they can help more people in the future.
Question: What are cancer immunotherapy clinical trials?
Answer: Several immunotherapy drugs are approved for cancer, and hundreds more are available to those who take part in clinical trials. They happen across the United States and around the world. She can help you weigh the pros and cons and find out if there's an immunotherapy clinical trial near you. The goal is to: Find a safe dose of the drug Decide how the drug should be given (shots, pills, etc.) Scientists may test a new drug or a new use for an approved immunotherapy.
Question: What inflammatory conditions can glucocorticoids treat?
Answer: Glucocorticoids treat many conditions that are caused by inflammation, such as: Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) Allergies Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis Crohn's disease and other types of inflammatory bowel disease Eczema and other skin conditions Multiple sclerosis Tendinitis Lupus Doctors also prescribe glucocorticoids for people who get organ transplants.
Question: What are the types of glucocorticoids?
Answer: A glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid. The type you need depends on the specific health condition you have. Among the most common ones are: Cortisone: a shot that can ease inflammation in your joints Prednisone and dexamethasone: pills that treat allergies, arthritis, asthma, vision problems, and many other conditions Triamcinolone: a cream that treats skin conditions Budesonide: a pill for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, autoimmune diseases that affect your digestive tract How glucocorticoids affect you will depend on the specific drug or the dose you take.
Question: When should you call a doctor about glucocorticoids?
Answer: A glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid. But using them for a long time can cause health problems, including: Osteoporosis, when bones get weaker and break easily High blood pressure Diabetes If you notice any changes in how you feel while you take these drugs, be sure to tell your doctor. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of prednisone and other glucocorticoids. These medications may be a slight risk to your baby. However, if you're taking them because you have a serious health problem or a life-threatening disease, staying on your treatment may outweigh the chance that the drugs will harm your baby.
Question: How do glucocorticoids work?
Answer: Inflammation is your immune system's response to an injury or infection. That means your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue as if they were viruses or bacteria. Glucocorticoids keep your body from pumping out so many of the chemicals involved in inflammation. They can also dial back your immune system's response by changing the way white blood cells work.
Question: Where can you learn more about basal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Learn more about basal cell carcinoma, including pictures of skin tumors, on the web site of the American Cancer Society.
Question: What causes basal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Ultraviolet ( UV) rays from the sun or from a tanning bed are the main cause of basal cell carcinoma. When UV rays hit your skin, over time, they can damage the DNA in your skin cells. The DNA holds the code for the way these cells grow. Over time, damage to the DNA can cause cancer to form. The process takes many years.
Question: How can Crohn's disease affect your mood?
Answer: Crohn's disease, like other chronic conditions, may affect your mood. You may feel more stressed or depressed at times. You may have pain, which also affects your emotions. If your condition starts to get to you, look into seeing a counselor and joining a support group.