anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is visual hallucination?
Answer: But some may also smell and taste things that aren't there. It can look like a multicolored crescent of light. Causes could include: Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Psychosis Borderline personality disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Hearing loss Sleep disorders Brain lesions Drug use For example, you might: See things others don't, like insects crawling on your hand or on the face of someone you know See objects with the wrong shape or see things moving in ways they usually don't Sometimes they look like flashes of light. A rare type of seizure called "occipital" may cause you to see brightly colored spots or shapes.
Question: How common is depression caused by aging?
Answer: It's not an unavoidable part of getting older. In fact, about 1 in 20 Americans 60 and older has depression, the lowest rate of any age group. But many depressed seniors don't get diagnosed. Older Americans themselves and their doctors may dismiss any symptoms as a natural reaction to illnesses and life's setbacks.
Question: Why is the flu worse for people over 65?
Answer: When you're over 65, your immune system isn't as strong as it used to be. Seniors make up the bulk of the people who die or are hospitalized for flu-related problems. Age raises the chances of serious flu complications like: Pneumonia Sepsis (bacterial infection in blood) Worsening of lung and heart disease A yearly flu shot is a must. If you're older than 65, ask your doctor about the high-dose version, which offers more protection.
Question: What are different types of medication that can tame heartburn?
Answer: Antacids: Many of these products combine aluminum, magnesium, or calcium with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions to stop stomach acid. Histamine 2 blockers (also called H2 blockers) target a substance called histamine. The result is that your stomach makes less acid, which cuts down on heartburn.
Question: What are some lifestyle changes that can help ease heartburn?
Answer: Simple daily changes might be all you need, such as: Stop smoking. Lose weight, if needed. Eat small meals, more often. Avoid tight clothing. Don't lie down for 3 hours after eating. Raise the head of your bed by 6-8 inches. Avoid food or beverages that might make symptoms worse. If you're thinking of trying medicine, talk it over with your doctor, even if you can buy it âover the counter,â which means you don't need a prescription.
Question: What are commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that can treat heartburn?
Answer: Commonly used H2 blockers are: Famotidine ( Pepcid as a prescription, Pepcid- AC as an OTC medication) Cimetidine ( Tagamet and Tagamet- HB) Nizatidine ( Axid and Axid AR) Ranitidine ( Zantac and Zantac 75) Proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) block the enzyme in the stomach wall that makes acid. Commonly used PPIs are: Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Esomeprazole ( Nexium and Nexium 24 HR) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Rabeprazole ( Acip Hex) Omeprazole (several names, including Zegerid and Prilosec, which is available in both prescription and nonprescription strengths)
Question: What are types of histamine 2 (H2) blockers used to lessen heartburn?
Answer: There are different types of medications that tame heartburn by turning down how much acid is in your stomach. Commonly used H2 blockers are: Famotidine ( Pepcid as a prescription, Pepcid- AC as an OTC medication) Cimetidine ( Tagamet and Tagamet- HB) Nizatidine ( Axid and Axid AR) Ranitidine ( Zantac and Zantac 75) Proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) block the enzyme in the stomach wall that makes acid. Commonly used PPIs are: Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Esomeprazole ( Nexium and Nexium 24 HR) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Rabeprazole ( Acip Hex) Omeprazole (several names, including Zegerid and Prilosec, which is available in both prescription and nonprescription strengths)
Question: Can you get emotional support for chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: You may find you feel better when you talk to other people with your condition. Your doctor can give you information about support groups in your area.
Question: How can you increase your level of exercise if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: As the exercise becomes manageable, gradually increase the time you do it. Aim for an increase of about 1 to 5 minutes per week. But continue to get 3 minutes of rest for every minute of exercise. If you reach a point where your exercise routine causes your symptoms to get worse, drop back down to the last level of exercise you could tolerate.
Question: What exercises are good to do if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: Try these types of exercises: Hand stretches Sitting and standing Wall push-ups Picking up and grasping objects Start with two to four repetitions and work your way up to eight at the most.
Question: What foods should you avoid if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: To help control energy levels, it's also a good idea to avoid these things: Sugar Sweeteners Alcohol Caffeine Some people with ME/ CFS have memory loss.
Question: How can you help your memory if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: To help control energy levels, it's also a good idea to avoid these things: Sugar Sweeteners Alcohol Caffeine Some people with ME/ CFS have memory loss. Use a day-planner (a paper one or a smart phone app) to keep up with your schedule and remember the things you need to do. Set reminders on your smartphone when it's time to go somewhere or do something. Keep lists. Use âsticky notes.â Puzzles, word games, and card games â also available on your smartphone â can keep your mind active and might help your memory improve.
Question: How does chronic fatigue syndrome affect your daily activities?
Answer: When you're in a relapse, it might be hard to get through even simple morning routines, like a shower. Plan to allow extra time for tasks that are hard for you. When you feel well again, you may want to try to do as much as you can while you've got the energy. Don't try it. If you push yourself too hard, you may crash later. Repeating this cycle can drive you right back into a relapse. You'll need to learn to balance daily activities with rest, even when you're in remission.
Question: How can chronic fatigue syndrome affect your work life?
Answer: About half of those with ME/ CFS work. If you have problems, you might qualify for coverage under the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA). This law requires some employers to provide âreasonable accommodationsâ to help people with disabilities do their jobs. You might need a flexible schedule, a place to rest at work, and written job instructions for people with memory problems. The accommodations depend on your job, your symptoms, and how they affect your ability to do your job. If you can't work because of your condition, you might qualify for disability benefits from either a private insurance policy or from Social Security.
Question: Can a physical therapist help if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: As the exercise becomes manageable, gradually increase the time you do it. Aim for an increase of about 1 to 5 minutes per week. But continue to get 3 minutes of rest for every minute of exercise. If you reach a point where your exercise routine causes your symptoms to get worse, drop back down to the last level of exercise you could tolerate. A physical therapist can modify your exercise plan if you can't leave home or get out of bed.
Question: How can chronic fatigue syndrome affect your relationships?
Answer: It can be hard for co-workers, friends, family, and loved ones to understand ME/ CFS. They might not realize how much it affects your daily life. Or they might not believe that it's real. Friends and co-workers of people with ME/ CFS need to get educated about the condition. Chronic fatigue can take a toll on your personal relationships, too. Loss of energy, pain, and potential side effects of medications can keep you from enjoyingan active social life, playing with your kids, or having a healthy sex life.
Question: Can chronic fatigue syndrome affect your sex life?
Answer: They might not realize how much it affects your daily life. Some symptoms of depression are similar to your condition, so it can be hard to tell the difference.
Question: How should you eat if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: Knowing to expect this pattern will help you understand how to manage your energy. A diet rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, avoiding saturated fats and refined carbohydratesâlike the Mediterranean Dietâis reported by many people with ME/ CFS to be helpful. If you think you are depressed, tell your doctor.
Question: Can knowing your pattern of chronic fatigue syndrome help you manage your energy?
Answer: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ( ME/ CFS) will change your life in many ways. It is a condition that can be hard to cope with. Watching what you eat can help you manage your symptoms. You may find you feel better when you talk to other people with your condition.
Question: Should you talk to your doctor about your chronic fatigue syndrome if you are depressed?
Answer: About half of those with ME/ CFS work. Some symptoms of depression are similar to your condition, so it can be hard to tell the difference. â Red flagsâ for depression could include feelings of hopelessness, sadness, guilt or worthlessness, or thoughts of suicide and death. Medications and talk therapy for depression can help with physical and emotional symptoms.
Question: Can you exercise if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: If you push yourself too hard, you may crash later. stretching and strengthening exercises using only your own body weight also can help. Shoot for one minute of activity followed by 3 minutes of rest. Break exercise into several brief sessions a day. Use âsticky notes.â Puzzles, word games, and card games â also available on your smartphone â can keep your mind active and might help your memory improve.
Question: What are the long-term effects of postthrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: Up to half of people with DVT end up with long-term effects where the clot was: Pain Swelling Darkened skin color Skin sores Varicose veins -- swollen, sometimes twisted or blue veins you can see under the skin Because blood that isn't flowing well is more likely to clot, you could also get another DVT or a pulmonary embolism.
Question: What causes pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: If your blood clot comes loose from the vein and moves through your bloodstream so it ends up partly or completely blocking an artery in the lungs, it's called a pulmonary embolism ( PE). This can happen right after the clot forms, or it may happen later.
Question: How common is a pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: About 1 in 10 people with deep vein thrombosis will have a PE. That number may actually be much higher, though, because some people have no symptoms and go undiagnosed.
Question: How can postthrombotic syndrome from deep vein thrombosis be prevented?
Answer: Have a procedure that opens a narrow vein, such as a balloon angioplasty or stenting.
Question: How is pulmonary embolism from deep vein thrombosis treated?
Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital. Doctors may give you medications that dissolve the clot (called thrombolytics) and prevent new clots (called anticoagulants or blood thinners). Depending on your symptoms and what your tests show, you may need other treatment, too.
Question: When should you call 911 about pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital.
Question: What causes postthrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: Valves that don't work right let blood flow backwards and pool, instead of pushing it toward your heart. Post-thrombotic syndrome is usually mild, but some symptoms can be severe. They may not show up until years later. Keep your leg or arm raised while at rest.
Question: Is there proof that certain foods or ingredients cause ADHD, dyslexia, or learning and behavior problems?
Answer: So while there have been several studies looking at the link between food and symptoms, there's no proof that certain foods or ingredients cause ADHD, dyslexia, or learning and behavior problems. However, some doctors think cutting out artificial food additives or flavors may ease mood problems in kids with autism. They also think processed foods and sweets can raise the risk of depression in kids and teens.
Question: How can a healthy diet affect ADHD symptoms?
Answer: So serving your kids a healthy diet of natural foods might be a good idea. Swapping out candy or processed snack foods, which often contain artificial colors or flavors, for healthy foods may also help your child's symptoms for other reasons.
Question: What is celiac disease and how is it related to ADHD?
Answer: In another small study of both adults and children with ADHD, 15% of them were found to also have celiac disease. This is a condition that makes it hard to digest foods that have gluten. It's found in wheat, barley, and rye. A gluten-free diet helped that group with focus and behavior symptoms.
Question: Is there research to support the Feingold diet?
Answer: Research about the diet is mixed. Some experts say it may help some kids but not all. You shouldn't use the diet in place of your child's ADHD medications or therapy.
Question: What is the Feingold diet designed to do?
Answer: The Feingold diet is designed to help kids with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), dyslexia, and other learning disabilities. It involves avoiding certain foods that some people think make symptoms worse.
Question: What is the history of the Feingold diet?
Answer: The diet was developed in the 1970s by Benjamin Feingold, MD, a pediatrician and allergist from San Francisco. He came up with it when treating kids with hives from allergies. Feingold began studying the diet's effect on the children and came up with the theory that artificial food colors, additives, preservatives, and even natural salicylates can cause ADHD symptoms or learning problems.
Question: What do people who support the Feingold diet believe it helps?
Answer: Those who support the diet believe that taking artificial food coloring or sweeteners, preservatives, and some fruits and vegetables out of a kid's diet can help with focus and behavior.
Question: What are the risks of surgery for Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: Surgery for Dupuytren's can have risks, including: Damage to nerves and blood vessels in the affected fingers Infection Permanent stiffness in the fingers It can take two months or more to fully return to your normal activities after surgery.
Question: How is Dupuytren's contracture diagnosed?
Answer: However, Dupuytren's can be associated with conditions that cause contractures in other areas of the body, including the: Knuckle pads ( Garrod knuckle pads) Soles of the feet ( Ledderhose disease) Penis ( Peyronie's disease) Your doctor should be able to tell that you have Dupuytren's contracture just by looking at your bent fingers and feeling the tissue on your palm. The doctor might also check the strength and range of motion in your affected hand. One test that can help diagnose the condition and determine whether you need surgery is the "table top" test. During this test, place your hand, palm side down, on a table. If the hand does not lie flat, the symptoms of Dupuytren's contracture are probably significant enough that you need to have surgery.
Question: How long does it take to recover from surgery for Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: Surgery for Dupuytren's can have risks, including: Damage to nerves and blood vessels in the affected fingers Infection Permanent stiffness in the fingers It can take two months or more to fully return to your normal activities after surgery. Try to keep moving your fingers to relieve pain and stiffness. Massaging your fingers or applying heat can also help with movement and discomfort. A physical therapist can teach you exercises to help you regain the motion in your hand.
Question: Which countries have the highest incidence of Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: The incidence of Dupuytren's contracture is still highest in northern European countries like Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, and Sweden.
Question: What conditions are associated with Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: The palm is the most common site of Dupuytren's contracture. However, Dupuytren's can be associated with conditions that cause contractures in other areas of the body, including the: Knuckle pads ( Garrod knuckle pads) Soles of the feet ( Ledderhose disease) Penis ( Peyronie's disease) Your doctor should be able to tell that you have Dupuytren's contracture just by looking at your bent fingers and feeling the tissue on your palm.
Question: What is the first sign of Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: The first sign of Dupuytren's contracture is a hard knot or lumps of connective tissue that form under the skin of the palm. These lumps might feel tender to the touch, but they usually aren't painful. Over a period of many years, the knots become bands of thick tissues. The bands extend up the fingers -- usually the ring and pinky fingers, although other fingers can be affected.
Question: What are symptoms of Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: Eventually it becomes impossible to fully straighten the fingers. The shortening of the fingers caused by the thick tissue is called contracture. Both hands can be affected by Dupuytren's contracture, but one hand is usually more severe than the other. The hand deformity makes it harder to grasp large objects. You may have more trouble doing things like opening jars or doors or combing your hair. You should still be able to pick up small objects, because the thumb and index finger usually aren't involved.
Question: What are treatments for Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: If Dupuytren's contracture isn't bothering you much, you shouldn't need treatment. However, if Dupuytren's is interfering with your daily activities, your doctor may recommend one of these treatments: Stretching exercises for very mild cases Steroid injections to help bring down inflammation and possibly slow the course of the disease (they don't actually straighten the finger.)
Question: What is the history of Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: Many years later, the condition was named for French surgeon Baron Guillaume Dupuytren, who gave a now-famous lecture on retracted fingers in 1831. The first sign of Dupuytren's contracture is a hard knot or lumps of connective tissue that form under the skin of the palm.
Question: What happens when you get surgery for Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: If Dupuytren's contracture isn't bothering you much, you shouldn't need treatment. Surgery When surgery is called for, the surgeon performs a fasciotomy in which tissue from the palm is removed through an incision. Then the open wound is allowed to heal on its own, or it is covered with a skin graft taken from another part of your body. The hand is often splinted after surgery to help with healing.
Question: What causes Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: Dupuytren's contracture is a condition that causes thick, tough tissue to form under the skin of the palm. They believe that at least some cases are hereditary, but Dupuytren's may also be associated with drinking alcohol and medical conditions like diabetes and seizures.
Question: What is Dupuytren's contracture?
Answer: The first sign of Dupuytren's contracture is a hard knot or lumps of connective tissue that form under the skin of the palm. As the bands tighten, they pull the involved fingers in toward the palm.
Question: What are complications of torticollis?
Answer: Without treatment, your baby might get complications, including: Less control of his head Limited reach on the affected side and less tracking with the eyes Delays in sitting and walking A problem feeding Poor balance Crooked crawling Rolling onto one side only Try to get your baby to stretch those neck muscles.
Question: How long is treatment needed for torticollis?
Answer: Once torticollis is diagnosed and stretching exercises start, most babies improve within 6 months. Two things can speed recovery: an early diagnosis and sticking to the treatment plan. Very rarely, children with torticollis will need surgery to lengthen the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Doctors will usually wait until your child is a preschooler to consider this option.
Question: What medical problems are linked with torticollis?
Answer: Most babies with torticollis don't have other medical problems. But it is sometimes linked to infections, broken bones, allergic reactions to medicines, or genetic conditions such as Down syndrome or Klippel- Feil syndrome (a rare bone disorder of the neck).
Question: How is torticollis diagnosed?
Answer: In about 75% of babies with torticollis, the right side is affected. Your baby works hard to turn toward you, struggles to turn his head all the way, and becomes upset because the movement is hard.
Question: What causes torticollis?
Answer: It is called the sternocleidomastoid, or SCM. When your baby has torticollis, this ropy muscle is shortened on one side. Your baby might have been cramped in the womb or may have been in an abnormal position, such as a breech position. That can put extra pressure on one side of your infant's head, which can cause the SCM to tighten. If your doctor used forceps or a vacuum device during delivery, those also might have put pressure on your baby's SCM. Holding your baby this way will strengthen back and neck muscles and keep the back of her head from flattening.
Question: What is the treatment for torticollis?
Answer: The doctor may teach you some specific exercises to do with your little one. Offer the bottle or your breast in a way that gets her to turn away from the favored side. Place toys so that your baby is forced to look both ways. Those with sounds and lights are really good at drawing her attention. Holding your baby this way will strengthen back and neck muscles and keep the back of her head from flattening. Ideally, she should have 15 minutes of tummy time 4 times a day.
Question: Does behavioral therapy ease IBS symptoms?
Answer: And when they felt physically better, they also had fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Question: How do irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression work together?
Answer: The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome can cause a level of distress that looks like depression. Some people are so worried that their diarrhea, constipation, or other symptoms will flare up that they avoid going to work, school, or out with friends. They may focus less on their social lives and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. They may feel restless or irritable. All of these are symptoms of depression.