anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are genital warts in HPV (human papillomavirus)?
Answer: These growths, which are caused by HPV infection, can be raised or flat. They can be small or large. They may be pink or the color of your skin. Genital warts can appear on the cervix, vulva, scrotum, groin, thigh, anus, or penis.
Question: What happens if you have HPV (human papillomavirus) that can lead to cancer?
Answer: If your doctor finds that you have a type of HPV that can lead to cancer, she may suggest you get Pap tests more often to watch for signs of abnormal cell changes in the genital area. Abnormal cell changes in the cervix may be a warning sign cervical cancer. Your doctor may also do a test called a colposcopy, in which she uses a special magnifying device called a colposcope to look closely at your cervix, vagina, and vulva as well as take biopsies if needed.
Question: How are abnormal cells in HPV (human papillomavirus) treated?
Answer: If your doctor decides to treat the abnormal cells, she may use one of these methods: Cryotherapy. This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Conization . This procedure removes the abnormal areas. Laser therapy. This uses light to burn away abnormal cells. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure ( LEEP). The abnormal cells are removed with an electrical current. The goal is to remove all the abnormal cells, including most or all of the cells with HPV.
Question: Do genital warts from HPV (human papillomavirus) go away?
Answer: HPV types 6 and 11, which are linked to genital warts, tend to grow for about 6 months, then stabilize. Sometimes, visible genital warts go away without treatment.
Question: What are some wart-removal treatments for HPV (human papillomavirus)?
Answer: If you need treatment, your doctor can prescribe a cream that you can use at home. Among the options: Cryotherapy freezes off of the wart with liquid nitrogen. Trichloracetic acid is a chemical that's put on the surface of the wart. She can remove the cells surgically, with a scalpel. She can burn off warts using an electric current (electrocautery). A laser can vaporize the warts.
Question: How is HPV (human papillomavirus) diagnosed if you're a woman?
Answer: But if it doesn't go away by itself, and if it causes problems, your doctor can treat the symptoms of the infection. If your doctor finds that you have a type of HPV that can lead to cancer, she may suggest you get Pap tests more often to watch for signs of abnormal cell changes in the genital area. The goal is to remove all the abnormal cells, including most or all of the cells with HPV.
Question: What are the symptoms of heart murmurs?
Answer: Many people with heart murmurs experience no symptoms. However, some murmurs can occur in conjunction with these other symptoms: Chest pain Rapid heartbeat (palpitations) Breathlessness Fatigue Bluish skin color or fingertips (sometimes seen in babies with congenital heart defects)
Question: What can cause heart murmurs?
Answer: For instance, heart murmurs may be caused by blood flowing through a heart valve made leaky or narrow by disease. Murmurs can also be caused by increased blood flow across a valve as a result of medical conditions such as anemia or hyperthyroidism. Congenital heart defects (heart problems present at birth) can also cause heart murmurs. These sometimes can be repaired with surgery.
Question: How are heart murmurs found?
Answer: Heart murmurs can be heard through a stethoscope and often are detected during routine physical exams. On further examination, your doctor may find that the heart murmur is innocent. If your heart murmur is related to more serious heart problems, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist (heart specialist).
Question: How common are heart murmurs?
Answer: They occur in many healthy children, who may or may not outgrow them as adults. They may also occur during pregnancy. Such murmurs are called "innocent" heart murmurs. They are not associated with medical or heart conditions, and do not require treatment or lifestyle changes. Heart murmurs can be heard through a stethoscope and often are detected during routine physical exams. If your heart murmur is related to more serious heart problems, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist (heart specialist).
Question: How does transcranial magnetic simulation treat migraines?
Answer: A device called Spring TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. Similarly, Cefaly uses transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation and is worn as a headband on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraine from developing. There is also a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. You'll need a prescription for any of these gadgets, too.
Question: Is there a surefire medication to treat migraines?
Answer: No surefire medication will work for everyone who gets migraines. But you have options that, alone or in combination, can relieve the headaches and associated vision issues, dizziness, and vertigo.
Question: What are visual symptoms of an aura?
Answer: About 1 in 4 people who suffer from migraines will get an aura, which often includes visual symptoms: Blind spots Flashing lights Spots of light Wavy lines in your field of vision Vision problems usually start 20 minutes to an hour before the headache.
Question: What prescriptions block migraines before they start?
Answer: Some prescriptions block migraines before they start. Amitriptyline, an antidepressant Topiramate, a seizure medication Verapamil, also used for high blood pressure, chest pain, and irregular heart rhythm Erenumab ( Aimovig), a CGRP Inhibitor that blocks the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide molecules Your doctor may prescribe drugs called triptans, including sumatriptan and rizatriptan, to stop migraines before they become full-blown.
Question: Will either prescribed or over-the-counter pain relievers treat my migraine?
Answer: Both prescribed and over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen, may give you relief from the migraine's effects.
Question: What type of migraine is most likely to cause vertigo?
Answer: It's also likely to cause ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and coordination difficulties. Some people who have migraine-related vertigo don't get this symptom until several years after their headache episodes begin. Doctors have a hard time diagnosing vertigo caused by migraine.
Question: What is it like to have vertigo?
Answer: You may feel lightheaded or unsteady -- vertigo makes it seem like the room is spinning. It may happen before or at the same time as the headache. Sometimes you won't get a headache at all. The symptoms may last anywhere from a few seconds to days. The sensations are actually related to your inner ear. In fact, some people who have vertigo with their migraines also have other ear and hearing problems such as sound sensitivity and ringing in their ears.
Question: How soon before a migraine do vision problems start?
Answer: About 1 in 4 people who suffer from migraines will get an aura, which often includes visual symptoms: Blind spots Flashing lights Spots of light Wavy lines in your field of vision Vision problems usually start 20 minutes to an hour before the headache. Even if you don't get an aura, the headache itself may cause vision trouble.
Question: What medications can treat migraines?
Answer: No surefire medication will work for everyone who gets migraines. But you have options that, alone or in combination, can relieve the headaches and associated vision issues, dizziness, and vertigo.
Question: How is a transcranial magnetic stimulation used to treat migraines?
Answer: A device called Spring TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. Similarly, Cefaly uses transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation and is worn as a headband on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraine from developing. There is also a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. You'll need a prescription for any of these gadgets, too.
Question: Do biofeedback and acupuncture treat migraines?
Answer: Lifestyle changes, medications, and complementary therapies can help migraines and their related symptoms.
Question: What daily habits can help get rid of headaches and migraines?
Answer: Many people can lessen or get rid of their headache and its problems by changing their daily habits: Avoid trigger foods, including chocolate, peanuts, and red wine.
Question: What can you do to prevent migraines and related symptoms?
Answer: Many people who get migraines also have problems with their vision as well as dizziness or vertigo along with the headaches. Lower your stress level. Get regular exercise.
Question: Are migraines associated with dizziness or vertigo?
Answer: But they usually get much better or even disappear with treatment. Lifestyle changes, medications, and complementary therapies can help migraines and their related symptoms. Fortunately, these problems go away with it, but permanent vision loss may be a complication of this type of migraine. In fact, some people who have vertigo with their migraines also have other ear and hearing problems such as sound sensitivity and ringing in their ears.
Question: What are the symptoms of a retinal migraine?
Answer: About 1 in 4 people who suffer from migraines will get an aura, which often includes visual symptoms: Blind spots Flashing lights Spots of light Wavy lines in your field of vision Vision problems usually start 20 minutes to an hour before the headache. Even if you don't get an aura, the headache itself may cause vision trouble. Other serious conditions, such as optic nerve problems or a tear in the immediately to rule them out.
Question: Do migraines cause dizziness?
Answer: A retinal migraine causes a variety of visual symptoms, possibly blindness in one eye, before and during the headache. Dizziness and vertigo are more common when you have migraines with aura. Some people who have migraine-related vertigo don't get this symptom until several years after their headache episodes begin.
Question: What other problems do people with migraines get?
Answer: But they usually get much better or even disappear with treatment. Lifestyle changes, medications, and complementary therapies can help migraines and their related symptoms. Fortunately, these problems go away with it, but permanent vision loss may be a complication of this type of migraine. In fact, some people who have vertigo with their migraines also have other ear and hearing problems such as sound sensitivity and ringing in their ears.
Question: What visual symptoms do you get from a retinal migraine?
Answer: These effects can be scary and troubling. Migraines are one of the leading causes of dizziness.
Question: What's the link between paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and aplastic anemia?
Answer: Scientists call this process âhemolysis.â Some doctors believe PNH is related to weak bone marrow. People with a certain type of anemia, called aplastic anemia, are more likely to get PNH. The reverse is also true: People with PNH are more likely to get aplastic anemia, though not everyone does. In this condition, your bone marrow stops making new blood cells.
Question: What will your doctor ask before getting a diagnosis for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: Your doctor will ask about your medical history and any symptoms you've noticed. He may also ask you: Have you noticed blood in your urine? What medications do you take? Have you had any signs of blood clots? Have you had any stomach or digestive problems? Have you been tested for aplastic anemia or a bone marrow disorder?
Question: How can eculizumab (Soliris) help with treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: Eculizumab ( Soliris). This drug prevents the breakdown of red blood cells. This can improve anemia, lower or stop the need for blood transfusions, and reduce blood clots. It can make you more likely to get a meningitis infection, so you may need to get a meningitis vaccine.
Question: What causes the symptoms of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: Symptoms of the disease are caused by: Broken red blood cells Too few red blood cells (which can cause anemia) Blood clots in your veins You could have many symptoms or just a few.
Question: What do you need to do when your paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) doesn't get better with usual treatments?
Answer: If your PNH doesn't get better with usual treatments, you may want to ask your doctor if you can take part in a clinical trial. These research studies try out new ways to treat PNH, before they're available to everyone. Ask your doctor what's involved and what you should consider before you sign up.
Question: What tests are done to diagnose paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: One will count of the number of blood cells you have. You will probably also get other tests, such as flow cytometry, which checks on whether your red blood cells have the proteins that should protect them. Your doctor may also check your iron levels or get a sample of your bone marrow. If you have symptoms of a blood clot, he'll use other tests to look for those, too.
Question: When should I call 911 about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: If you think you may have one, call your doctor right away. Call 911 if you have any trouble breathing, feel like you are going to pass out, or have a seizure. This can improve anemia, lower or stop the need for blood transfusions, and reduce blood clots.
Question: What are the treatments for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: Would a bone marrow transplant help me? Most treatments for PNH aim to ease symptoms and prevent problems. Your treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms and disease are. If you have only a few symptoms from anemia, you may need: Folic acid to help your bone marrow make more normal blood cells Iron supplements to make more red blood cells Other treatments include: Blood transfusions.
Question: Where did paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) get its name?
Answer: You can get paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ( PNH) at any age. It happens in up to 50% of people with PNH. Usually, the more of the faulty blood cells you have in your body, the more the condition will affect you.
Question: How can paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) affect pregnancy?
Answer: Most treatments for PNH aim to ease symptoms and prevent problems. Your treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms and disease are. Talk with other people who know what you're going through.
Question: What can you ask your doctor about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Answer: The condition affects everyone differently. For others, it's much more severe. What medications do you take? You will get routine blood tests. What is my level of PNH cells? Will I feel differently over time? What are my treatment options? How will we know if the treatment is working? Would a bone marrow transplant help me? If so, how do I find a good match for a transplant? Can I take part in a clinical trial? Will I be able to have children? Ask your doctor what's involved and what you should consider before you sign up.
Question: How can acetaminophen help to treat aches, pain, and fever?
Answer: Drugs with this ingredient affect the areas of your brain that control body temperature and pain. These medications can fight fevers and chills, ease headaches, and soothe sore throats and body aches. Check with your doctor before taking acetaminophen if you have severe kidney or liver disease, or if you drink three or more alcoholic beverages a day. Many multi-symptom cold medicines contain acetaminophen. Check the labels of any products you're taking to make sure you're not overdosing.
Question: What can you do to take care of yourself if you have aches, pain, and fever?
Answer: Take Care of Yourself Stay cool. Place a damp washcloth on your forehead, arms, or legs. Or take a slightly warm (not hot) bath. Both things can help bring down your fever. Don't overheat. If you get the chills, remove extra clothing and blankets. Bundling up causes your body's temperature to rise, making chills worse. Eat healthy foods. Sugary snacks and drinks may slow down your recovery. Nutritious choices help fuel your body's defenses.
Question: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) help to treat aches, pain, and fever?
Answer: This group of meds includes aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Each is different, but they all reduce fevers and pain. NSAIDs may work better than acetaminophen at lowering a fever. They may do a better job of relieving sinus pain, too, since they reduce swelling. Check with your doctor before you use NSAIDs if you have a history of stomach problems, heart, liver, or kidney disease, or if you're taking a blood thinner.
Question: When should you call a doctor about aches, pain, and fever?
Answer: When to See Your Doctor A cold usually goes away on its own. But call your doctor's office if you have a fever over 101 F, vomiting, pain in your face or head, a severe sore throat, or a cough that won't go away.
Question: How can you treat aches, pain, and fever?
Answer: You can treat many common symptoms of colds, the flu, and sinus infections with over-the-counter medications and some simple self-care. These medications can fight fevers and chills, ease headaches, and soothe sore throats and body aches. You don't want to take more medication than you need.
Question: How effective are antiviral drugs for influenza?
Answer: The ones currently recommended are: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Peramivir ( Rapivab) If you are already sick and it has been less than 48 hours since the onset of symptoms, an antiviral drug may help by: Making you feel better faster Keeping you from getting seriously ill Preventing serious complications If you have been exposed to influenza, an antiviral drug may be about 70%-90% effective in preventing illness.
Question: What is a disease outbreak?
Answer: A disease outbreak happens when a disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region or during a season. An outbreak may occur in one community or even extend to several countries. It can last from days to years. Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak. This may be true if it is an unknown disease, is new to a community, or has been absent from a population for a long time. If you observe what you think might be a disease outbreak, report it right away to your health care provider or public health department.
Question: How many people die from a pandemic?
Answer: How many people die from a pandemic depends upon: The number of people who become infected The severity of disease caused by the virus (its virulence) The vulnerability of affected populations The effectiveness of preventive steps There is no foolproof method for preventing the spread of disease during an influenza outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic.
Question: How does an influenza pandemic occur?
Answer: An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people. This means humans have little or no immunity to it. Everyone is at risk. The virus spreads easily from person to person, such as through sneezing or coughing. The virus begins to cause serious illness worldwide. With past flu pandemics, the virus reached all parts of the globe within six to nine months. With the speed of air travel today, public health experts believe an influenza pandemic could spread much more quickly. A pandemic can occur in waves. And all parts of the world may not be affected at the same time.
Question: What should I do if I think I may have swine flu?
Answer: Avoid crowded places as much as you can and stay home if you show signs of illness. If you seek care, contact your health care provider by phone or report illness before going to a clinic or the hospital. If you have severe symptoms like difficulty in breathing, then you should seek immediate attention. Wear a face mask if you must go into a crowded place. If you do not have a face mask, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or tissue when coughing or sneezing. If possible, have just one person care for you to minimize contact with others. The ones currently recommended are: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Peramivir ( Rapivab) If you are already sick and it has been less than 48 hours since the onset of symptoms, an antiviral drug may help by: Making you feel better faster Keeping you from getting seriously ill Preventing serious complications If you have been exposed to influenza, an antiviral drug may be about 70%-90% effective in preventing illness.
Question: What is a carcinoembryonic antigen test used for?
Answer: The test can often help predict whether the cancer is growing or spreading to other parts of your body. It can also help tell how well your treatment has worked and predict your outlook. Your doctor might give you a CEA test if you're diagnosed with one of these cancers: Bladder Breast Colon and/or rectal Lung Ovarian Pancreatic Stomach Thyroid Doctors don't use the CEA test to make a first-time diagnosis of cancer.
Question: What do results of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test mean?
Answer: A higher-than-normal CEA level that increases over time might signal that your cancer has grown or has come back after treatment. But high levels of CEA do not always mean you have cancer. These other conditions can also increase levels: Breast cysts Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a breathing disorder Infections Inflammatory bowel disease, which causes diarrhea, pain, weight loss Liver disease Lung problems Ulcers Pancreatitis You might also have higher than normal levels if you are pregnant or you smoke.
Question: How is a carcinoembryonic antigen test done?
Answer: The test takes a sample of your blood. It can be done in the doctor's office. The doctor will place a needle into a vein in your arm to draw out the blood. You might feel a slight pinch or sting when the needle goes in. Sometimes doctors will test CEA levels in another bodily fluid, such as: Cerebrospinal (from the spine) Peritoneal (from the abdomen) Pleural (from the area next to the lungs) You may need to go to a hospital for these tests.
Question: What are complications of a carcinoemnbryonic antigen test?
Answer: With the needle stick, you might have: Bleeding Infection Bruising Dizziness Soreness where the needle was placed in your arm Your blood sample will be sent to a lab.
Question: When is a carcinoembryonic antigen test usually done?
Answer: You might get the test: After your diagnosis to help your doctor find the right treatment During treatment to see how well chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or other therapies have worked After treatment to help find out whether the cancer has come back You don't need to do anything ahead of time. Your doctor will explain your test results to you.
Question: What is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?
Answer: It measures a protein called CEA in the blood. After birth, levels drop way down. Healthy adults have a very low level, but some types of cancer can cause it to rise. Your doctor can use CEA as a âmarkerâ to learn more about your cancer. But high levels of CEA do not always mean you have cancer.