anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
Answer: These treatments may also be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it possible for surgery to be performed or used as a means of relieving symptoms, such as pain.
Question: How can the timing of diagnosing pancreatic cancer affect the outcome?
Answer: Unfortunately, pancreatic cancers have subtle, and vague symptoms. Thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at later stages, treatment can improve quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.
Question: What causes plantar warts?
Answer: Plantar warts, like all warts, are caused by a virus that invades the skin through tiny cuts or scrapes. The warts may not appear for weeks or months after the initial exposure. Because most people build immunity to the virus with age, plantar warts are more common in children than in adults. They also are common in people who have weak immune systems, such as those with HIV/ AIDS and taking corticosteroid or immunosupressive medication.
Question: What are symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: What you experience depends on the severity of the condition: Stiffness and pain in the lower back, buttocks, and hips upon waking in the morning or after a period of inactivity Back pain relieved by movement and exercise Difficulty bending the spine Pain in the hips and difficulty walking Pain in the heels and soles of the feet Pain in the jaw, the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ) Bent-over posture Straightening of the normal curvature of the spine Loss of appetite, weight loss Fatigue, decreased energy Eye swelling, redness, and pain Sensitivity to light Difficulty taking a deep breath (because expanding the chest is difficult and painful) Heart failure Heart block (problems with the flow of the electrical impulses that control your heart muscle) Bowel inflammation like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis You develop symptoms such as persistent lower-back pain, especially if it is stiff in the morning but improves with movement and exercise You have redness or swelling in the eye, or are abnormally sensitive to light; you could have iritis, a condition commonly associated with ankylosing spondylitis.
Question: What is the Beta phase of Focus T25?
Answer: For another 5 weeks, you switch to the more challenging Beta phase, which includes another set of five 25-minute workouts: Core cardio Speed 2.0 Rip't circuit Dynamic core Upper focus In each video, Shaun focuses on one area at a time -- upper body, lower body, cardio -- for about a minute each until you fatigue the body part. Then you move on to another area.
Question: Which areas of the body are targeted by Focus T25?
Answer: The cardio segments burn fat throughout the body and include some core exercises. Although many of the routines in the Alpha phase of the workout are lower-body focused, you do get an arm workout from exercises like burpees and planks, where you have to support your full body weight on your hands. Legs: Yes. Lunges, deadlifts, and squats all work those back-end muscles. The Ab Intervals DVD in the Alpha phase includes exercises for the back. The Upper Focus DVD in the Beta phase works the back, too.
Question: How should I pick my doctor for colorectal cancer treatment?
Answer: Choosing a doctor for your treatment is a big decision. Ask your primary care doc or someone else you trust to recommend some. You can then ask which hospitals they work in and if they take your insurance. Try to talk with your top choices in person or on the phone to make sure you feel comfortable with them. Most importantly, check that they, and their treatment center, have experience with your type of cancer.
Question: Where can I find a support group for people with colorectal cancer?
Answer: Look for one through your hospital, or connect with other people who have colorectal cancer through an online group like the American Cancer Society's Cancer Survivors Network. All support groups are different. You might have to try a few before you find one you click with.
Question: What is the role of hiatal hernia in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Some doctors believe a hiatal hernia may weaken the LES and increase the risk for gastroesophageal reflux. Hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hiatus). The diaphragm is the muscle separating the abdomen from the chest. Recent studies show that the opening in the diaphragm helps support the lower end of the esophagus. Many people with a hiatal hernia will not have problems with heartburn or reflux. But having a hiatal hernia may allow stomach contents to reflux more easily into the esophagus. Coughing, vomiting, straining, or sudden physical exertion can cause increased pressure in the abdomen resulting in hiatal hernia. Obesity and pregnancy also contribute to this condition. Many otherwise healthy people age 50 and over have a small hiatal hernia. Although considered a condition of middle age, hiatal hernias affect people of all ages. Hiatal hernias usually do not require treatment. However, treatment may be necessary if the hernia is in danger of becoming strangulated (twisted in a way that cuts off blood supply) or is complicated by severe GERD or esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). The doctor may perform surgery to reduce the size of the hernia or to prevent strangulation.
Question: How is an endoscopy used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Endoscopy is an important procedure for individuals with chronic GERD. By placing a small lighted tube with a tiny video camera on the end (endoscope) into the esophagus, the doctor may see inflammation or irritation of the tissue lining the esophagus (esophagitis). If the findings of the endoscopy are abnormal or questionable, biopsy (removing a small sample of tissue) from the lining of the esophagus may be helpful.
Question: What are the symptoms of heartburn related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of GERD and usually feels like a burning chest pain beginning behind the breastbone and moving upward to the neck and throat. Many people say it feels like food is coming back into the mouth leaving an acid or bitter taste. The burning, pressure, or pain of heartburn can last as long as 2 hours and is often worse after eating. Lying down or bending over can also result in heartburn. Many people obtain relief by standing upright or by taking an antacid that clears acid out of the esophagus. Heartburn pain is sometimes mistaken for the pain associated with heart disease or a heart attack, but there are differences. Exercise may aggravate pain resulting from heart disease, and rest may relieve the pain. Heartburn pain is less likely to be associated with physical activity.
Question: How can cigarette smoking affect gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Cigarette smoking weakens the LES. Stopping smoking is important to reduce GERD symptoms.
Question: What if heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms persist?
Answer: People with severe, chronic esophageal reflux or with symptoms not relieved by the treatments described above may need more complete diagnostic evaluation. Doctors use a variety of tests and procedures to examine a patient with chronic heartburn.
Question: What is the treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Doctors recommend lifestyle and dietary changes for most people needing treatment for GERD. Treatment aims at decreasing the amount of reflux or reducing damage to the lining of the esophagus from refluxed materials.
Question: Does gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) require surgery?
Answer: A small number of people with GERD may need surgery because of severe reflux and poor response to medical treatment. However, surgery should not be considered until all other measures have been tried. Fundoplication is a surgical procedure that increases pressure in the lower esophagus. The doctor can perform it through a laparoscope (small holes through the belly) or through open surgery. The Stretta procedure is minimally invasive. The doctors goes down the esophagus with a small tube and uses radiofrequency to tighten the barrier between the esophagus and stomach. With LINX surgery, your doctor wraps a band of titanium beads around the lower part of the esophagus to prevent stomach acids from splashing back up into the esophagus. Your doctor performs this procedure using a laparoscope.
Question: What is gastroesophageal reflux?
Answer: Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus. In normal digestion, the lower esophageal sphincter ( LES) opens to allow food to pass into the stomach and closes to prevent food and acidic stomach juices from flowing back into the esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the LES is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to flow up into the esophagus. The severity of GERD depends on LES dysfunction as well as the type and amount of fluid brought up from the stomach and the neutralizing effect of saliva.
Question: Which foods and beverages should you avoid to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Avoiding foods and beverages that can relax the LES is often recommended. These foods include chocolate, peppermint, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcoholic beverages. Foods and beverages that can irritate a damaged esophageal lining, such as citrus fruits and juices, tomato products, and pepper, should also be avoided if they cause symptoms.
Question: How are esophageal manometric and impedance studies used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Esophageal manometric and impedance studies -- pressure measurements of the esophagus -- occasionally help identify low pressure in the LES or abnormalities in esophageal muscle contraction.
Question: What are the side effects of antacids for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Long-term use of antacids, however, can result in side effects, including diarrhea, altered calcium metabolism (a change in the way the body breaks down and uses calcium), and buildup of magnesium in the body. Too much magnesium can be serious for patients with kidney disease. If antacids are needed for more than 2 weeks, a doctor should be consulted.
Question: What other factors contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Dietary and lifestyle choices may contribute to GERD. Certain foods and beverages, including chocolate, peppermint, fried or fatty foods, coffee, or alcoholic beverages, may trigger reflux and heartburn. Studies show that cigarette smoking relaxes the LES. Obesity and pregnancy can also play a role in GERD symptoms.
Question: How are proton pump inhibitors (or acid pumps) used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Another type of drug, the proton pump inhibitor (or acid pump), inhibits an enzyme (a protein in the acid-producing cells of the stomach) necessary for acid secretion. Some proton pump inhibitors include dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant), esomeprazole ( Nexium), lansoprazole ( Prevacid), omeprazole ( Prilosec), omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate ( Zegerid), pantoprazole ( Protonix), and rabeprazole ( Aciphex).
Question: How common is heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: More than 60 million American adults experience heartburn at least once a month, and more than 15 million adults suffer daily from heartburn. Many pregnant women experience daily heartburn. Recent studies show that GERD in infants and children is more common than previously recognized and may produce recurrent vomiting, coughing, and other respiratory problems.
Question: When is an upper GI series performed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: An upper GI series may be performed during the early phase of testing. This test is a special X-ray that shows the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the upper part of the small intestine). While an upper GI series provides limited information about possible reflux, it is used to help rule out other diagnoses, such as peptic ulcers.
Question: When is pH testing used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: For patients in whom diagnosis is difficult, doctors may measure the acid levels inside the esophagus through p H testing. Testing p H monitors the acidity level of the esophagus and symptoms during meals, activity, and sleep. Newer techniques of long-term p H monitoring are improving diagnostic capability in this area.
Question: How are antacids used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Along with lifestyle and diet changes, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription treatments. Antacids can help neutralize acid in the esophagus and stomach and stop heartburn. Many people find that nonprescription antacids provide temporary or partial relief. An antacid combined with a foaming agent helps some people. These compounds are believed to form a foam barrier on top of the stomach that prevents acid reflux from occurring.
Question: What is the outlook for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Although GERD can limit daily activities and productivity, it is rarely life-threatening. With an understanding of the causes and proper treatment, most people will find relief.
Question: What are the complications of long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Sometimes GERD results in serious complications. Esophagitis can occur as a result of too much stomach acid in the esophagus. Esophagitis may cause esophageal bleeding or ulcers. In addition, a narrowing or stricture of the esophagus may occur from chronic scarring. Some people develop a condition known as Barrett's esophagus. This condition can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
Question: What is the treatment for chronic reflux and heartburn?
Answer: The doctor may perform surgery to reduce the size of the hernia or to prevent strangulation. These medicines include H2 blockers, which inhibit acid secretion in the stomach. H2 blockers include: cimetidine ( Tagamet), famotidine ( Pepcid), nizatidine ( Axid), and ranitidine ( Zantac).
Question: How much should you eat if you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Treatment aims at decreasing the amount of reflux or reducing damage to the lining of the esophagus from refluxed materials. Eating meals at least 2 to 3 hours before bedtime may lessen reflux by allowing the acid in the stomach to decrease and the stomach to empty partially. In addition, being overweight often worsens symptoms. Many overweight people find relief when they lose weight.
Question: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Many people, including pregnant women, suffer from heartburn or acid indigestion caused by GERD. Doctors believe that some people suffer from GERD due to a condition called hiatal hernia. In most cases, GERD can be relieved through diet and lifestyle changes; however, some people may require medication or surgery. Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus.
Question: How can you adjust your sleeping position to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer: Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus. Do not use pillows to prop yourself up; that only increases pressure on the stomach.
Question: What should I do before taking calcium channel blockers?
Answer: Examples of calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc (amlodipine) Plendil (felodipine) Dyna Circ (isradipine) Cardene (nicardipine) Procardia XL, Adalat (nifedipine) Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, Diltia XL (diltiazem) Sular ( Nisoldipine) Isoptin, Calan, Verelan, Covera- HS (verapamil) Potential side effects from taking a calcium channel blocker include: Dizziness or lightheadedness Low blood pressure Heart rhythm problems Dry mouth Edema (swelling of ankles, feet, or lower legs) Headache Nausea Fatigue Skin rash Constipation or diarrhea Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Before taking a calcium channel blocker, tell your doctor: About any medical conditions you have, including any heart or blood vessel disorders, kidney or liver disease About every medication you are taking, including any over-the-counter or herbal medications; certain drugs may interact with calcium channel blockers.
Question: What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: Examples of calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc (amlodipine) Plendil (felodipine) Dyna Circ (isradipine) Cardene (nicardipine) Procardia XL, Adalat (nifedipine) Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, Diltia XL (diltiazem) Sular ( Nisoldipine) Isoptin, Calan, Verelan, Covera- HS (verapamil) Potential side effects from taking a calcium channel blocker include: Dizziness or lightheadedness Low blood pressure Heart rhythm problems Dry mouth Edema (swelling of ankles, feet, or lower legs) Headache Nausea Fatigue Skin rash Constipation or diarrhea Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Before taking a calcium channel blocker, tell your doctor: About any medical conditions you have, including any heart or blood vessel disorders, kidney or liver disease About every medication you are taking, including any over-the-counter or herbal medications; certain drugs may interact with calcium channel blockers.
Question: What are calcium channel blockers?
Answer: They work by slowing the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, which makes it easier for the heart to pump and widens blood vessels. As a result, the heart doesn't have to work as hard, and blood pressure lowers. Taking other blood pressure medications in combination with a calcium channel blocker may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure.
Question: How should I take calcium channel blockers?
Answer: Follow the label directions on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take the medicine will depend on the type of medication prescribed and on your condition. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking these medications, because grapefruit prevents the breakdown of the drug in the body. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether your calcium channel blocker is affected by grapefruit juice.
Question: What foods and medicines should I avoid if I take a calcium channel blocker?
Answer: Most calcium channel blockers can be taken with food or milk; however, ask your doctor. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking these medications, because grapefruit prevents the breakdown of the drug in the body. Do not drink alcohol while taking a calcium channel blocker. Alcohol interferes with the effects of the drug and increases the side effects. Taking other blood pressure medications in combination with a calcium channel blocker may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. Discuss with your doctor the best way to take the medication if you are taking other drugs.
Question: What can you do if you get headaches from hormone replacement therapy?
Answer: Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) treats symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and night sweats. It can cause headaches. If you get headaches when you take HRT, discuss it with your doctor. There are several different changes he can make that may reduce your pain. You could try a lower dose of HRT or you could try different types of HRT to find the one that works best for you. For instance, an estrogen skin patch is a type of HRT that releases a low level of estrogen. It's the least likely method of HRT to trigger headaches.
Question: What can you do to treat headaches from taking birth control pills?
Answer: Here's what can help: Use a birth control pill that has fewer inactive pill days, such as Seasonale, Seasonique, or others. Use a type of birth control pill that has lower levels of estrogen. Switch to an IUD (intrauterine device) for birth control. Take over-the-counter or prescription headache medicine during the inactive pill days. Try a birth control pill that only contains progestin instead of a combination of estrogen and progestin. Take a low dose of estrogen pills or wear an estrogen patch during the inactive pill days.
Question: What withdrawal symptoms will you get when you stop the medicine for headaches?
Answer: Keep in mind that when you stop the medicine, you may get withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sleep problems, diarrhea, or worse headaches. The good news is that once you quit the medicine and your rebound headaches go away, the drugs you take for headaches can be more effective.
Question: Does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause symptoms cause headaches?
Answer: Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) treats symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and night sweats. It can cause headaches. If you get headaches when you take HRT, discuss it with your doctor. There are several different changes he can make that may reduce your pain.
Question: How can nitrates cause headaches?
Answer: Headaches are a common side effect of nitrates. You can get a mild to moderate headache soon after you take the medicine, or you might get an intense migraine about 3 to 6 hours later. You may also have nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. Your headaches may go away as your body gets used to the medicine.
Question: What's the treatment for rebound headaches?
Answer: Some examples of drugs that can cause rebound headaches are: Aspirin Acetaminophen Sleeping pills Ibuprofen Naproxen Codeine and prescription pain relievers Medicines that contain caffeine Migraine drugs called triptans The best way to treat rebound headaches is to not take the medicine anymore. Work with your doctor to come off of the medication that may be causing them. You may be able to stop taking the drug, or you may need to gradually reduce the dose.
Question: What can I do if my birth control pill gives me headaches?
Answer: Here's what can help: Use a birth control pill that has fewer inactive pill days, such as Seasonale, Seasonique, or others. Use a type of birth control pill that has lower levels of estrogen. Switch to an IUD (intrauterine device) for birth control. Take over-the-counter or prescription headache medicine during the inactive pill days. Try a birth control pill that only contains progestin instead of a combination of estrogen and progestin. Take a low dose of estrogen pills or wear an estrogen patch during the inactive pill days.
Question: What medicines can cause headaches?
Answer: A wide variety of medicines, including birth control pills, heart drugs, and even pain relief medications, can cause headaches. But if your head starts hurting, don't stop your medicine on your own. Always talk to your doctor first so the two of you can figure out what your next step should be. He may suggest you change your dose or switch to a different drug.
Question: Can birth control pills cause headaches?
Answer: They have a mixed track record when it comes to headaches. Some women who get migraines find that hormonal birth control helps treat them. Others find that birth control pills and other hormonal birth control methods, such as the patch or vaginal ring, cause migraines.
Question: Which medicines can cause headaches?
Answer: A wide variety of medicines, including birth control pills, heart drugs, and even pain relief medications, can cause headaches. But if your head starts hurting, don't stop your medicine on your own. Always talk to your doctor first so the two of you can figure out what your next step should be. He may suggest you change your dose or switch to a different drug.
Question: Can you get headaches from pain medicine?
Answer: OK, this may not be what you were hoping to hear, but the truth is some medicines that are used to treat headaches can actually cause them. It's called a rebound headache. It happens when you use pain relief drugs several times a week. As your medication wears off, you get a headache again, which leads you to take even more medicine. Eventually, you find yourself getting headaches more and more, and often with greater pain.