anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How should I treat my black eye?
Answer: Don't press on the eye. For pain, give acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Don't give aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), because they can increase bleeding.
Question: How do you treat a black eye?
Answer: For pain, give acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Don't give aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), because they can increase bleeding. There is drainage or bleeding on the white part of the eye or drainage from the eye. After 1 or 2 days, apply warm compresses to the bruised area instead.
Question: What causes ankle osteoarthritis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis of the ankle, unlike other parts of the body, isn't the "wear and tear" kind that goes along with aging. Instead, it's almost always due to an injury. You might hear your doctor call it "post-traumatic" arthritis. You can get ankle osteoarthritis after one injury, like a fracture, or after many injuries over time, like repeated sprains. If you're flat-footed, bow-legged, or knock-kneed or if you have high arches, you might also get ankle osteoarthritis, because these conditions put extra strain on your joints.
Question: What is ankle osteoarthritis like?
Answer: When you have ankle osteoarthritis, you might have inflammation or swelling of the joint that connects your foot with the lower part of your leg.
Question: How can cognitive tests help in the diagnosis of dementia?
Answer: There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. You may have several of the following, then your doctor will put all the information together to make a diagnosis. Cognitive tests: These measure your ability to think. They focus on things like memory, counting, reasoning, and language skills. For example, your doctor might ask you to draw a clock and mark the hands at a specific time, or give you a short list of words and ask you to remember and repeat them. She also might ask you to make easy calculations, such as counting backward from 100 by seven.
Question: What questions will your doctor ask to help them diagnose dementia?
Answer: Your primary care doctor might work with you to figure out what's behind your symptoms, or she might refer you to one or more of these doctors for certain tests: A neurologist, who specializes in the brain and nervous system A psychiatrist or another mental health specialist A psychologist or neuropsychologist, who specializes in memory and mental functions A geriatrician, who specializes in the care of older adults Your primary care doctor probably will start with a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and other things like: Does dementia run in your family? When did the symptoms start? Have you noticed changes in behavior or personality? Are you taking any medications? She'll ask someone close to you, like a friend or family member, those same questions, too, because people with dementia aren't always aware of their condition.
Question: How can psychiatric evaluation help in the diagnosis of dementia?
Answer: There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. Psychiatric evaluation: Your doctor will ask questions about your mood and sense of well-being to see if depression or another mental health condition might be causing symptoms of dementia. She'll also probably ask about any behaviors that are causing concern: When do they happen, and how long do they last? And she'll talk with you about your relationships with your spouse, children, or friends.
Question: How can neurological tests help in the diagnosis of dementia?
Answer: There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. Neurological tests: Your doctor will test your balance, reflexes, eye movements, and see how well your sense work. To do this, she might ask you to push or pull her hands using your arms or to stand with your eyes closed and touch your nose. To check your reflexes, your doctor may tap a small rubber hammer against parts of your body and watch how you respond.
Question: Why do I need urine potassium test?
Answer: Your doctor may do it if your potassium was checked from a blood sample and your results showed something may not be right. A second test with urine can help her narrow down the reasons. Your doctor also may order the urine test if: You take diuretics or are on dialysis You have kidney or adrenal gland problems For the test, you'll need to either pee into a cup once or collect several samples over 24 hours and save them in a larger container.
Question: What does a radical prostatectomy to treat prostate cancer involve?
Answer: Radical prostatectomy involves surgically removing the entire prostate gland and some surrounding tissue. This treatment is recommended to treat early stages of the disease.
Question: What does minimally invasive surgery for prostate cancer involve?
Answer: Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer Laparoscopic prostate surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery performed with the aid of a small camera.
Question: What can you do to stay safe when taking vitamins and supplements?
Answer: The FDA does not review these supplements for safety or efficacy before they hit the market. The bottom line: Do your research and be careful when you're shopping for new products. Other ways to stay safe: If you eat a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, you likely do not need to take a multivitamin. Talk to your doctor to see if you need any specific vitamins if you have a restricted diet. Although these nutrients are essential to our bodies, some can be harmful in high doses. It's especially important to avoid getting too much of vitamins A, D, E, and K, because these build up in your body and can become toxic.
Question: What questions should I ask before taking vitamins and supplements?
Answer: Do I need it for a medical condition or to prevent disease? When and for how long do I need it? Should I take it as a pill, powder, or liquid? Which form of the vitamin (vitamin D2 or D3, for instance) is the best? Are there any side effects? What are the best brands of this supplement in terms of quality, safety, and how well they work? Can I take it along with my other medications? Should I avoid any foods? Will I need to stop taking it if I have to have surgery? The one you choose depends on how they work in your body and how you prefer to take them. Always talk with your doctor before you add any to your diet.
Question: What are tips for storing vitamins and supplements?
Answer: They also can keep some medications from working as well as they should. Avoid bathrooms and other damp spots. Make sure you keep them on a high shelf or in a locked cabinet, out of children's reach. Some vitamins and supplements wear out when they sit on the shelf for too long. Do a regular check of your stash and throw out any that are past their expiration date.
Question: What are some tips for buying vitamins and supplements?
Answer: When you're ready to purchase supplements, keep these tips in mind: Look for evidence about how well the product works in scientific studies from credible publications. Choose brands labeled with the NSF International, US Pharmacopeia, Underwriters Laboratory, or Consumer Lab seal. These verify that the product actually contains the ingredients that the label says it does, and that the product doesn't have any potentially harmful ingredients. Be wary of supplements made outside the United States. Many aren't regulated, and some may have toxic ingredients.
Question: Which vitamin form should I choose?
Answer: Will I need to stop taking it if I have to have surgery? Vitamins and supplements come in many forms, like pills, liquids, or powders. The one you choose depends on how they work in your body and how you prefer to take them. For example, some only work in a dry extract form, such as a capsule or pill. Others work faster and are more effective as a liquid. Also, there are several types of vitamin E. When in doubt, talk with your doctor about which supplement suits your needs.
Question: Who should avoid supplements and vitamins?
Answer: They also can keep some medications from working as well as they should. Always talk with your doctor before you add any to your diet. People who should avoid certain types include: Pregnant or breastfeeding women, because some supplements can be dangerous to the baby. People who are going to have surgery, because some products may lead to bleeding and other dangerous complications. People who've had cancer or are getting treated for it. Some supplements could help cancer cells grow or make treatments for the disease less effective.
Question: What is it like after a wisdom teeth removal?
Answer: Everyone responds differently to anesthesia. If you had a local anesthetic and feel alert, you might be able to drive home to begin your recovery. You might even be able to go back to work or do your normal activities. If you had general anesthesia or still feel drowsy, you'll need someone to drive you home. Most people have little to no pain after surgery. You'll likely have swelling and mild discomfort for 3 or so days. Your mouth may need a few weeks to completely heal. Follow your doctor's instructions for a quicker recovery.
Question: Why should I get my wisdom teeth removed?
Answer: Wisdom teeth are a third set of molars in the back of your mouth. They usually come in between the ages of 17 and 25, and they're spotted on X-rays. Most people have them removed for one of these reasons: They're impacted. Because they're so far back in your mouth, wisdom teeth may not come in normally. They can be trapped in your jawbone or gums, which can be painful. They come in at the wrong angle. They may press against your other teeth. Your mouth isn't big enough. Your jaw has no room for an extra set of molars. You have cavities or gum disease. You may not be able to reach your wisdom teeth with your toothbrush or dental floss.
Question: What is it like before a wisdom teeth removal?
Answer: You'll meet with the oral surgeon to talk about the process. At this appointment, make sure you: Talk about any health problems you have. List any drugs you take on a regular basis. Ask any questions you have about the surgery. Discuss what type of anesthesia you'll have. You can either be numb or asleep during your surgery. Plan time off from work or school to have your surgery and rest afterward at home. Set up child care, pet care, or a ride home if needed.
Question: What should I do to heal after a wisdom tooth removal?
Answer: Here are some tips for the first 3 days after surgery: Dos: Use an ice pack on your face to curb swelling or skin color changes. Use moist heat for a sore jaw. Gently open and close your mouth to exercise your jaw. Eat soft foods like pasta, rice, or soup. Drink plenty of fluids. Brush your teeth starting the second day. Don't brush against any blood clots. Take the drugs your doctor prescribes to ease pain or swelling. Call your doctor if you have a fever, or if your pain or swelling doesn't improve.
Question: What is the basis for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Your diagnosis is based on the symptoms you have, how and when they flare up or improve, which of your body's functions give you trouble, and your test results. There's no way to predict how your condition will change throughout your life. It may take time, but as your doctor gets more clues about the type of MS you have, you can have a clearer idea of how it will affect you in the coming years.
Question: What is a plaque in the brain and how is it involved in multiple sclerosis?
Answer: A plaque in the brain or spinal cord changes the electrical signals that zip up and down nerves. They can get slower, distorted, or stop altogether. Those signal changes cause the symptoms of MS. One example of an MS flare is optic neuritis, inflammation of the nerve that connects the eye and the brain, which makes it harder to see. Flares can be mild and not cause major problems, or they can severely affect your day-to-day life. They usually last from a few days to several weeks, though some can stick around for months.
Question: What causes a multiple sclerosis relapse?
Answer: An MS relapse starts when nerves in the brain and spinal cord get inflamed (swollen or irritated). Then, those nerves lose the coating, called myelin, that surrounds and protects them. A plaque forms around them instead.
Question: What causes the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: A plaque in the brain or spinal cord changes the electrical signals that zip up and down nerves. They can get slower, distorted, or stop altogether. Those signal changes cause the symptoms of MS. One example of an MS flare is optic neuritis, inflammation of the nerve that connects the eye and the brain, which makes it harder to see.
Question: What are the three different types of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery. These flares seem to change over several days to weeks. Recovery from an attack takes weeks, sometimes months, but symptoms don't get worse during this time. Most people have this type when they're first diagnosed with MS. Secondary-progressive MS: People who get this type usually start with relapsing-remitting MS. Over time, symptoms stop coming and going and begin getting steadily worse. The change may happen shortly after MS symptoms appear, or it may take years or decades. Primary-progressive MS: In this type, symptoms gradually get worse without any obvious relapses or remissions. About 15% of all people with MS have this form, but it's most common type for people diagnosed after age 40.
Question: Can my multiple sclerosis affect my day-to-day life?
Answer: Flares can be mild and not cause major problems, or they can severely affect your day-to-day life.
Question: What is a pseudo-relapse in multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Sometimes a symptom flare has nothing to do with the course of your disease, but happens because something has aggravated your condition, like a fever, infection, or hot weather. It's called a pseudo-relapse or a pseudoexacerbation. For example, some people's symptoms get worse during or after times of intense stress.
Question: What is primary-progressive multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Primary-progressive MS: In this type, symptoms gradually get worse without any obvious relapses or remissions. About 15% of all people with MS have this form, but it's most common type for people diagnosed after age 40.
Question: How can my multiple sclerosis change throughout my life?
Answer: There's no way to predict how your condition will change throughout your life. It may take time, but as your doctor gets more clues about the type of MS you have, you can have a clearer idea of how it will affect you in the coming years.
Question: What is progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis?
Answer: The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery. Most people have this type when they're first diagnosed with MS. Secondary-progressive MS: People who get this type usually start with relapsing-remitting MS. Over time, symptoms stop coming and going and begin getting steadily worse.
Question: Are the symptoms for multiple sclerosis different for everyone?
Answer: The symptoms it causes and when they flare up vary not only between people but also throughout one person's life. This means it can be hard for doctors to diagnose someone with the condition. They might say you "probably" or "possibly" have MS. The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery.
Question: How can someone avoid dehydration with cancer treatments?
Answer: When you're being treated for cancer, you have a chance for developing an infection that can cause a fever Make sure you drink enough water before, during, and after your treatment: Sip all day. It isn't enough to drink water when you're parched. You can get dehydrated and never feel thirsty. Some health experts suggest at least 8 glasses of liquid a day, even more if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Ask your doctor how much sounds right for you. Try other liquids. If water doesn't do it for you, try something else. Milk, juice, sports drinks, and decaf coffee or tea all count as fluids. Sometimes, drinks with ice are easier to swallow.
Question: What are some signs of dehydration from cancer treatment?
Answer: You can get dehydrated and never feel thirsty. Here are some other things to look for: Dry mouth, tongue, or lips Dizziness Feeling weak or tired Nausea Constipation Dry skin Swollen, dry, cracked tongue Fast weight loss Headache Dark yellow urine or less urine Irritability Dehydration can be serious if you don't get it under control.
Question: What are some other ways to stay hydrated during cancer treatments?
Answer: When there isn't enough water in your system, it can't work the way it should. Fluid has many jobs in your body. Some health experts suggest at least 8 glasses of liquid a day, even more if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Foods count, too. Soups, frozen pops, gelatins, fruits, and vegetables all have liquids. Choose foods with high water content, like watermelon, lettuce, and broccoli. Suck on ice chips. If you can't stomach the idea of drinking or eating, try ice chips. A few at a time will give you a little liquid. It takes a lot to add up to a glass of water, but every little bit helps. Log how many ounces you drink, and record how many times you throw up or have diarrhea. This will help if you have to call your doctor about symptoms.
Question: Does retinopathy of prematurity improve on its own?
Answer: For many babies, ROP often gets better on its own. But if it's severe and the risk of a detached retina is high, your child's doctor will want to start treatment. About 10% of babies screened for ROP will need to be treated.
Question: How will the doctor examine my baby with retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: If your baby has ROP, the doctor will see where it is in the eye, how severe it is, and what the blood vessels in the eyes look like.
Question: What kinds of babies does retinopathy of prematurity affect?
Answer: ROP tends to affect premature babies who weigh less than 2 ¾ pounds and are born before the 31st week of pregnancy. ( A full-term pregnancy lasts 38-42 weeks.)
Question: How many babies born with retinopathy of prematurity in the United States will become legally blind?
Answer: Over time, these blood vessels and the associated scar tissue can cause serious vision problems, such as: Damage to the retina and detachment (the retina is moved from its normal place) that leads to permanent and severe loss of vision Crossed eyes (strabismus) Increased eye pressure (glaucoma) " Lazy eye" (amblyopia) Nearsightedness (myopia) Of the 14,000 babies in the U. S. born with ROP each year, 400 to 600 will become legally blind.
Question: What are the symptoms of retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: Only an ophthalmologist can tell if your baby has ROP. All infants who are at risk for it should be screened shortly after birth and again once they go home from the hospital. Sometimes, ROP isn't spotted until a baby is 4 to 6 weeks old.
Question: Is laser surgery used to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: Small laser beams are used to treat the sides of the retina. This stops the growth of abnormal blood vessels. It takes 30-45 minutes per eye. This is the most common way ROP is treated, and it's been done safely for many years. But your baby may lose some or all of her peripheral (side) vision.
Question: What is retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: The smaller a baby is at birth, the greater his chance of having retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP), an eye disorder that can lead to vision loss. But most babies who are born with it get better over time. Many don't need treatment at all.
Question: What are the causes of retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: A baby's eyes begin to develop around the 16th week of pregnancy. If she's born very early, this process is cut short. The blood vessels in her eyes don't have enough time to develop as they should. Instead, they grow where they're not supposed to. Or they can be so fragile that they bleed or leak.
Question: Is cryotherapy used to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: Instead of burning away the scars, freezing cold temperatures are used to stop more blood vessels from spreading on the retina. This is an older form of ROP treatment. It also causes a loss of side vision.
Question: Is scleral buckling used to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: A small, stretchy band is placed around the white of the eye, causing it to compress slightly. This allows the torn retina to move closer to the outer wall of the eye where it belongs.
Question: Is vitrectomy used to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: During this surgery, the clear gel (vitreous) in the center of the eye is removed and replaced with saline solution. Then, the scar tissue that's pulling the retina out of place is removed.
Question: Is injection used to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: A newer way to treat ROP is to put an anti-cancer drug into each eye. Bevacizumab ( Avastin) blocks new growth of blood vessels in tumors, and it can do the same in eyes. This treatment is promising, but more research is needed to make sure there aren't long-term side effects. It's also unclear whether the ROP may come back over time.
Question: What are the stages of retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: Stage 1 is the mildest form of ROP. Babies at this stage or stage 2 often don't need any treatment and will have normal vision. Babies with stage 3 have more blood vessels that are abnormal. These may be large or twisted, which means the retina could start to come loose. At stage 4, the retina is starting to move from its normal place. And at stage 5, the retina has come off, and severe vision problems or even blindness is likely.
Question: Is surgery necessary to treat retinopathy of prematurity?
Answer: If the retina is detached, your child's doctor may need to do a more complex surgery: Scleral buckling.
Question: Do children with retinopathy of prematurity have eye problems later in life?
Answer: Surgery often stops the disease from getting worse and prevents vision loss. But as many as 25% of all babies who have surgery for ROP do lose some or all of their vision. Because all children with ROP are at higher risk of eye problems later in life, your child should follow up with his eye doctor every year until he's an adult.
Question: How does Baclofen treat spasticity?
Answer: Normally, your muscles get electrical signals from your nerves that tell them when to tense and relax. Spasticity happens when these signals become uneven, usually because the nerves have been damaged. This makes muscles tense up or move when you don't want them to. Baclofen works by restoring the normal signals. It can help you move your muscles more normally.
Question: What are the risks of intrathecal Baclofen surgery?
Answer: They include: A bad reaction to anesthesia Infection Bleeding Trouble with bladder control Pump malfunction: If the pump stops working (this is rare), it may give you too much medicine at once. That can cause symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, trouble sleeping, lightheadedness, nausea, constipation, vomiting, loose muscles, trouble with vision, coma, respiratory depression, seizures, dry mouth, double vision, poor concentration, or diarrhea. If this happens, go to the nearest emergency room right away. A doctor can give you a drug called physostigmine to counteract baclofen. Kinked catheter: If the catheter stops working well, you may need surgery to replace it.