anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are ways to fight gout?
Answer: The good news is that gout can be controlled with medicine. To manage the pain, apply ice, raise the affected area, rest, and take a pain reliever such as ibuprofen. These steps can help prevent another gout attack: Exercise and eat a balanced diet to control your weight. Drinking lots of water may help prevent uric acid stones. Stay away from sugary drinks. Avoid alcohol. Eat less meat and seafood. Get protein from things like low-fat dairy products (yogurt, cheese, milk). Take medicines to lower uric acid levels. People with gout usually do quite well once they learn to manage an attack and prevent future attacks. The first step is see your doctor to make sure that gout is the real cause of those red, painful, swollen joints.
Question: What tests will help determine if I have gout?
Answer: These test help your doctor know if you have gout, or something else with similar symptoms: Joint fluid test. Fluid is taken from the painful joint with a needle. The fluid is studied under a microscope to see if the crystals are there. Blood test. A blood test can check the level of uric acid. A high level of uric acid doesn't always mean gout. X-ray. Images of the joints will help rule out other problems. Ultrasound. This painless test uses sound waves to look areas of uric acid.
Question: How do I know if I have gout?
Answer: That's because some of the signs are like those for other conditions. Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by too much uric acid in the blood. It can form tiny crystals that settle in your joints. An attack often starts with pain in the big toe, but it can spread or involve other joints. It may happen after an illness or injury. Gout usually affects just one joint at a time. But if it isn't treated, other joints may hurt too. Attacks that came from time to time may become constant. But you can feel better sooner if you treat it. To be sure that you have gout, see your doctor.
Question: What other conditions can gout look like?
Answer: An attack often starts with pain in the big toe, but it can spread or involve other joints. Pseudogout ( SUE-doh-gout) is another form arthritis. The crystals formed in this condition are made of calcium pyrophospate, not uric acid. But like regular gout, the attack comes on all of a sudden. Joints become swollen, warm, painful, and stiff. Reactive arthritis is a reaction to infection that has similar signs. Psoriatic arthritis and infectious arthritis can look like gout, too.
Question: What medications are used to treat bipolar disorder?
Answer: They use medications called mood stabilizers, which include anticonvulsants such as: Carbamazepine ( Tegretol) Lamotrigine ( Lamicta) Lithium Oxcarbazepine ( Trileptal) Valproate ( Depakote) Atypical antipsychotic medications can also stabilize mood. They include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Sometimes, doctors prescribe a combination of drugs, such as a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant.
Question: What are the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Answer: Manic symptoms include: Severe changes in mood, either extremely irritable or overly silly and elated Overly-inflated self-esteem, grandiosity More energy Can go with very little or no sleep for days without tiring Talks too much and too fast, changes topics too quickly, or can't be interrupted Distracted, attention moves constantly from one thing to the next Hypersexuality, with more sexual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors; uses explicit sexual language More goal-directed activity or physical agitation Doesn't care about risk, takes on risky behaviors or activities Depressive symptoms include: Sad or irritable mood that doesn't go away Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed Big change in appetite or body weight Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping Physical agitation or slowing Loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt Difficulty concentrating Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide Bipolar disorder is primarily a mood disorder.
Question: How common is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder?
Answer: Some studies have shown that children and teens diagnosed with bipolar disorder are more likely than adults to also be diagnosed with ADHD.
Question: What are the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Answer: Manic symptoms include: Severe changes in mood, either extremely irritable or overly silly and elated Overly-inflated self-esteem, grandiosity More energy Can go with very little or no sleep for days without tiring Talks too much and too fast, changes topics too quickly, or can't be interrupted Distracted, attention moves constantly from one thing to the next Hypersexuality, with more sexual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors; uses explicit sexual language More goal-directed activity or physical agitation Doesn't care about risk, takes on risky behaviors or activities Depressive symptoms include: Sad or irritable mood that doesn't go away Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed Big change in appetite or body weight Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping Physical agitation or slowing Loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt Difficulty concentrating Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide Bipolar disorder is primarily a mood disorder.
Question: How common is bipolar disorder?
Answer: The reason isn't entirely clear. The higher rate could be the result of more awareness on the part of health professionals. There are those, though, who say it could be a result of a lack of parenting that leads to behaviors that are tagged as mental illness or other conditions misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder. Some studies have shown that children and teens diagnosed with bipolar disorder are more likely than adults to also be diagnosed with ADHD.
Question: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated?
Answer: Treatment for ADHD includes medications and behavioral therapy. ADHD medications can be psychostimulants, nonstimulants, or antidepressants. These include: Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Addera XR) Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine product ( Mydayis) If your doctor suspects your child has bipolar disorder or ADHD, ask how the diagnosis was made and review all of the information that went into it.
Question: What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder in children?
Answer: The definition of mania is not so clear for bipolar disorder in childhood. Some experts say that being irritable, cranky, and negative may be the only signs of mania in children with bipolar disorder. And other experts argue that childhood bipolar disorder may not even be the same disease as adult bipolar disorder.
Question: How is bipolar disorder different from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Answer: Bipolar disorder is a persistent and difficult mental illness. ADHD affects attention and behavior; it causes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While ADHD is chronic or ongoing, bipolar disorder is usually episodic, with periods of normal mood interspersed with depression, mania, or hypomania.
Question: When should you call your doctor about suspected bipolar disorder in children and teens?
Answer: Symptoms of ADHD can have some overlap with symptoms of bipolar disorder. If your child or teenager has five or more symptoms that last for at least a week, call your doctor to get help. With medications and/or psychotherapy, mental health professionals can help stabilize your child's moods. Treatment can also lessen or get rid of the depressed or manic thoughts and behaviors.
Question: What is undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or poorly treated bipolar disorder associated with?
Answer: But the condition is still difficult to diagnose. When it happens in childhood or adolescence, it can completely disrupt a family's life. Bipolar disorder that's undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or poorly treated is linked with: Higher rates of suicide attempts and completions Poorer academic performance Difficult relationships Higher rates of substance abuse Multiple hospitalizations In adults, bipolar disorder is marked by mood changes that go from depression to mania.
Question: What are the symptoms of optic neuritis?
Answer: This condition usually comes on quickly, over a few hours or days. You may notice some of these symptoms: Pain when you move your eyes Blurred vision Loss of color vision Trouble seeing to the side A hole in the center of your vision Blindness in rare cases Headache -- a dull ache behind your eyes Adults usually get optic neuritis in only one eye, but children may have it in both.
Question: How do I know if I have optic neuritis?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you have optic neuritis, she'll refer you to a doctor who treats eye diseases, called an ophthalmologist. You'll likely have a routine eye exam to check: Your color vision The smallest letters you can read on a chart Your side, or peripheral, vision She'll also use a test called magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI).
Question: What does it mean if you have optic neuritis?
Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Your vision gets dim or blurry. You can't see colors. Your eyes hurt when you move them. It's a common problem for people living with multiple sclerosis ( MS). The symptoms can seem scary, but most people recover fully, often without treatment.
Question: How do you know if you have optic neuritis?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you have optic neuritis, she'll refer you to a doctor who treats eye diseases, called an ophthalmologist. You'll likely have a routine eye exam to check: Your color vision The smallest letters you can read on a chart Your side, or peripheral, vision She'll also use a test called magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). It creates a detailed picture of your brain and helps your doctor look for damaged areas called lesions. She may inject dye into a vein in your arm. It will make your optic nerve and brain easier to see. Other tests your doctor might use include: Pupillary reaction test: The doctor will shine a bright light in front of your eyes to see how they respond.
Question: Will a doctor use an MRI to determine if I have optic neuritis?
Answer: She may inject dye into a vein in your arm. It will make your optic nerve and brain easier to see.
Question: Can heat make optic neuritis flare up if I have multiple sclerosis?
Answer: If you have MS, heat can make optic neuritis symptoms flare up again, too -- usually after a hot shower, exercise, fever, or a bout of the flu. Once you cool off, the problems usually go away.
Question: What is the outlook if you have optic neuritis?
Answer: Once your vision is back to normal, you can get optic neuritis again, especially if you have MS. If your symptoms return, be sure to tell your doctor. Report any new symptoms or those that get worse, too.
Question: How long does it take to recover from optic neuritis?
Answer: Some people get better in a few weeks, even without treatment. For others, it can take up to a year. And a few people never fully regain their sight. Even when other symptoms clear up, they may still have trouble with night vision or seeing colors.
Question: Do people recover from optic neuritis?
Answer: Some people get better in a few weeks, even without treatment. For others, it can take up to a year. And a few people never fully regain their sight. Even when other symptoms clear up, they may still have trouble with night vision or seeing colors.
Question: What can trigger optic neuritis?
Answer: If you have MS, heat can make optic neuritis symptoms flare up again, too -- usually after a hot shower, exercise, fever, or a bout of the flu. Once you cool off, the problems usually go away.
Question: What is the treatment for optic neuritis?
Answer: The condition often goes away on its own. To help you heal faster, your doctor will probably give you high-dose steroid drugs through an IV. This treatment may also lower your risk of other MS problems or delay its start if it's the cause.
Question: How can you be affected by optic neuritis?
Answer: You may notice some of these symptoms: Pain when you move your eyes Blurred vision Loss of color vision Trouble seeing to the side A hole in the center of your vision Blindness in rare cases Headache -- a dull ache behind your eyes Adults usually get optic neuritis in only one eye, but children may have it in both.
Question: Do adults get optic neuritis in both eyes?
Answer: You may notice some of these symptoms: Pain when you move your eyes Blurred vision Loss of color vision Trouble seeing to the side A hole in the center of your vision Blindness in rare cases Headache -- a dull ache behind your eyes Adults usually get optic neuritis in only one eye, but children may have it in both.
Question: What is optic neuritis and is it related to multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Your vision gets dim or blurry. You can't see colors. Your eyes hurt when you move them. It's a common problem for people living with multiple sclerosis ( MS). The symptoms can seem scary, but most people recover fully, often without treatment.
Question: How is optic neuritis treated?
Answer: The condition often goes away on its own. To help you heal faster, your doctor will probably give you high-dose steroid drugs through an IV. This treatment may also lower your risk of other MS problems or delay its start if it's the cause.
Question: Is optic neuritis a symptom of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Optic neuritis is one of the most common symptoms of the relapsing-remitting form of MS. But it can also happen when you take certain medications or if you have diabetes.
Question: What are other treatments for optic neuritis?
Answer: In special cases, your doctor may suggest other treatments, such as: Intravenous immune globulin ( IVIG): You may also hear it called plasma exchange. This is a medication made from blood. You get it through a vein in your arm. It's costly, and doctors aren't completely sure that it works. Vitamin B12 shots. It's rare, but optic neuritis can happen when the body has too little of this nutrient. In these cases, doctors can prescribe extra vitamin B12.
Question: What special treatments might my doctor assign for optic neuritis?
Answer: In special cases, your doctor may suggest other treatments, such as: Intravenous immune globulin ( IVIG): You may also hear it called plasma exchange. This is a medication made from blood. You get it through a vein in your arm. It's costly, and doctors aren't completely sure that it works. Vitamin B12 shots. It's rare, but optic neuritis can happen when the body has too little of this nutrient. In these cases, doctors can prescribe extra vitamin B12.
Question: Can optic neuritis return after it goes away?
Answer: You can get this treatment long-term if you have optic neuritis and your brain MRI shows you have lesions. If your symptoms return, be sure to tell your doctor. Report any new symptoms or those that get worse, too.
Question: How common is optic neuritis?
Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Optic neuritis is one of the most common symptoms of the relapsing-remitting form of MS.
Question: How does optic neuritis affect vision?
Answer: We don't know why, but sometimes your immune system attacks the fatty coating called myelin that covers and protects your optic nerve. When the myelin is damaged or missing, your optic nerve can't send the right signals to your brain. This can lead to changes in your vision. The test measures the speed at which your optic nerve sends signals to your brain.
Question: What is optic neuritis?
Answer: We don't know why, but sometimes your immune system attacks the fatty coating called myelin that covers and protects your optic nerve. When the myelin is damaged or missing, your optic nerve can't send the right signals to your brain. This can lead to changes in your vision. The test measures the speed at which your optic nerve sends signals to your brain.
Question: What does targeted therapy for sarcoma mean?
Answer: Radiation can shrink the tumor before surgery or kill cancer cells that are left after surgery.
Question: What are the symptoms of soft tissue sarcomas?
Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body. Most often, the first sign is a painless lump. As the lump gets bigger, it might press against nerves or muscles and make you uncomfortable or give you trouble breathing, or both. There are no tests that can find these tumors before they cause symptoms that you notice.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose sarcoma?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.
Question: How are targeted therapies used to treat sarcoma?
Answer: Radiation can shrink the tumor before surgery or kill cancer cells that are left after surgery.
Question: What are the signs of a sarcoma?
Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body. Most often, the first sign is a painless lump. As the lump gets bigger, it might press against nerves or muscles and make you uncomfortable or give you trouble breathing, or both. There are no tests that can find these tumors before they cause symptoms that you notice.
Question: What is sarcoma?
Answer: Sarcomas are different from the much more common carcinomas because they happen in a different kind of tissue. Sarcomas grow in connective tissue -- cells that connect or support other kinds of tissue in your body. These tumors are most common in the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels of your arms and legs, but they can also happen in other areas of your body.. Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma.
Question: Who is likely to get sarcoma?
Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body.
Question: What are the symptoms of bone sarcomas?
Answer: Osteosarcoma can show obvious early symptoms, including: Pain off and on in the affected bone, which may be worse at night Swelling, which often starts weeks after the pain A limp, if the sarcoma is in your leg Children and young adults get osteosarcoma more often than adults.
Question: How is surgery done to treat sarcoma?
Answer: Surgery takes the tumor out of your body. In most cases of osteosarcoma, the doctor can remove just the cancer cells, and you won't need your arm or leg removed, too.
Question: Can sarcomas be removed?
Answer: Sarcomas can be treated, often by having surgery to remove the tumor.
Question: Who should see a doctor about osteosarcoma?
Answer: Osteosarcoma can show obvious early symptoms, including: Pain off and on in the affected bone, which may be worse at night Swelling, which often starts weeks after the pain A limp, if the sarcoma is in your leg Children and young adults get osteosarcoma more often than adults. And because healthy, active children and teens often have pain and swelling in their arms and legs, osteosarcoma might be mistaken for growing pains or a sports injury. If your child's pain doesn't get better, gets worse at night, and is in one arm or leg rather than both, talk to a doctor. Adults who have this kind of pain should see a doctor right away.
Question: What causes sarcomas?
Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body.
Question: How is a sarcoma different from carcinoma?
Answer: Sarcomas are different from the much more common carcinomas because they happen in a different kind of tissue. Sarcomas grow in connective tissue -- cells that connect or support other kinds of tissue in your body. These tumors are most common in the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels of your arms and legs, but they can also happen in other areas of your body.. Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma.
Question: How is sarcoma treated?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.
Question: What does the treatment for sarcoma depend on?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.
Question: Are there different kinds of sarcoma?
Answer: Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma. About 12,000 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and 1,000 new cases of bone sarcomas will be diagnosed in the U. S. in 2017.
Question: How is sarcoma diagnosed?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.
Question: Can chemotherapy be used for sarcoma?
Answer: Chemotherapy drugs can also be used with or instead of surgery. Chemo is often the first treatment when the cancer has spread.