anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How much water do I need to drink?
Answer: And your need for water increases: In warm or hot weather With vigorous physical activity, such as exercise or working in the yard During bouts of illness, especially if you have a fever, are vomiting, having diarrhea or coughing You often hear that you need to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board recommend that women drink more than 11 8-ounce glasses (91 ounces) of water daily, and men drink more than 15 glasses of water(125 ounces) per day. It is a good idea to track how much water you drink for a few days just to get a feel for the amount needed. You can get enough water each day by drinking water and consuming fluids like soup and drinks, along with lots of fruits and vegetables, which contain water. Keep in mind that if you're going to do something strenuous, like playing sports or running, you'll need extra water before, during, and after.
Question: What are the kinds of water filters you might use at home?
Answer: Ion exchange units with activated alumina can remove minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which make water hard. This is often used in combination with another filtration method, such as carbon absorption or reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis units with carbon can remove nitrates and sodium as well as pesticides and petrochemicals.
Question: What is the best way to avoid consuming lead from tap water?
Answer: One argument advanced for the use of bottled water is its safety, yet there isn't the same guarantee of safety with bottled water as there is for the water in your tap.
Question: How much of my body is water?
Answer: Without water, you couldn't maintain a normal body temperature, lubricate your joints, or get rid of waste through urination, sweat, and bowel movements. Not getting enough water can lead to dehydration, which can cause muscle weakness and cramping, a lack of coordination, and an increased risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. In fact, water is so important that a person couldn't last more than five days without it.
Question: How does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate bottled water?
Answer: The FDA regulates bottled water as a food. That means it requires identification of the source (spring, mineral), regulates allowable levels of chemical, physical, microbial and radiological contaminants, requires Good Manufacturing Practice standards for boiling and bottling, and regulates labeling. However, the FDA doesn't have the ability to oversee a mandatory testing program like the EPA does with public water suppliers. So, although it can order a bottled water recall once a problem has been found, there is no guarantee that the bottle of water you bought is safe.
Question: When do I need to drink even more water than normal?
Answer: Enough to replace what you lose daily through urination, sweating, even exhaling. And your need for water increases: In warm or hot weather With vigorous physical activity, such as exercise or working in the yard During bouts of illness, especially if you have a fever, are vomiting, having diarrhea or coughing You often hear that you need to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day.
Question: How can I remove all contaminants from my drinking water?
Answer: Is the water you're drinking safe or would bottled water be safer? What can you do if your tap water suddenly became contaminated? That doesn't mean that your water is free of all contaminants, but that the levels of any contaminants don't pose any serious health risk.
Question: How can water be contaminated?
Answer: What can you do if your tap water suddenly became contaminated? It can contain microorganisms like bacteria and parasites that get in the water from human or animal fecal matter. It can contain chemicals from industrial waste or from spraying crops. Nitrates used in fertilizers can enter the water with runoff from the land. Various minerals such as lead or mercury can enter the water supply, sometimes from natural deposits underground, or more often from improper disposal of pollutants.
Question: Does boiling contaminated water make it safe to drink?
Answer: How contaminated water effects your health depends on the type of contaminants. Boiling water can kill germs, but things like lead, nitrates, and pesticides aren't affected. And since boiling reduces the volume of water, it increases the concentration of those contaminants.
Question: How can your tap water become contaminated?
Answer: Lead can leech into drinking water through old lead pipes. One argument advanced for the use of bottled water is its safety, yet there isn't the same guarantee of safety with bottled water as there is for the water in your tap.
Question: How can I lower my chances of kidney disease?
Answer: To lower your chances of getting kidney disease, you'll actually want to focus on two other conditions: diabetes and high blood pressure. They're two of the biggest threats to your kidneys. Many people have diabetes and/or high blood pressure and don't know it. So if it's been a while since your last checkup, you may want to schedule one. The things you do to take care of your heart and weight -- like eating a healthy diet, not smoking, limiting alcohol, staying active, and taking any medicines your doctor prescribes -- also are good for your kidneys.
Question: How is gum recession treated?
Answer: Antibiotics also may be given to get rid of any remaining harmful bacteria. If your gum recession cannot be treated with deep cleaning because of excess loss of bone and pockets that are too deep, gum surgery may be required to repair the damage caused by gum recession. The following surgical procedures are used to treat gum recession: Open flap scaling and root planing: During this procedure, the dentist or periodontist (gum doctor) folds back the affected gum tissue, removes the harmful bacteria from the pockets, and then snugly secures the gum tissue in place over the tooth root, thus eliminating the pockets or reducing their size.
Question: How is a soft tissue graft procedure done to gum recession?
Answer: Soft tissue graft: There are several types of gum tissue graft procedures, but the most commonly used one is called a connective tissue graft. In this procedure, a flap of skin is cut at the roof of your mouth (palate) and tissue from under the flap, called subepithelial connective tissue, is removed and then stitched to the gum tissue surrounding the exposed root. After the connective tissue -- the graft -- has been removed from under the flap, the flap is stitched back down. During another type of graft, called free gingival graft, tissue is taken directly from the roof of the mouth instead of under the skin. Sometimes, if you have enough gum tissue surrounding the affected teeth, the dentist is able to graft gum from near the tooth and not remove tissue from the palate. This is called a pedicle graft.
Question: What should you know if I think I have receding gums?
Answer: Gum recession is not something you want to ignore. If you think your gums are receding, make an appointment with your dentist. There are treatments that can repair the gum and prevent further damage.
Question: How do I know which procedure works best for receding gums?
Answer: Your dentist can determine the best type of procedure to use on you based on your individual needs.
Question: How do my genes play a role in gum recession?
Answer: Some people may be more susceptible to gum disease. In fact, studies show that 30% of the population may be predisposed to gum disease, regardless of how well they care for their teeth.
Question: How is regeneration done to treat gum recession?
Answer: Regeneration: If the bone supporting your teeth has been destroyed as a result of gum recession, a procedure to regenerate lost bone and tissue may be recommended. As in pocket depth reduction, your dentist will fold back the gum tissue and remove the bacteria. A regenerative material, such as a membrane, graft tissue, or tissue-stimulating protein, will then be applied to encourage your body to naturally regenerate bone and tissue in that area. After the regenerative material is put in place, the gum tissue is secured over the root of the tooth or teeth.
Question: How do hormonal changes lead to gum recession?
Answer: During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself.
Question: What are the signs of gum recession?
Answer: Gum recession is a common dental problem. Most people don't know they have gum recession because it occurs gradually. The first sign of gum recession is usually tooth sensitivity, or you may notice a tooth looks longer than normal. Typically, a notch can be felt near the gum line.
Question: How does grinding and clenching my teeth lead to gum recession?
Answer: Clenching or grinding your teeth can put too much force on the teeth, causing gums to recede.
Question: How is open flap scaling and root planing done to treat gum recession?
Answer: The following surgical procedures are used to treat gum recession: Open flap scaling and root planing: During this procedure, the dentist or periodontist (gum doctor) folds back the affected gum tissue, removes the harmful bacteria from the pockets, and then snugly secures the gum tissue in place over the tooth root, thus eliminating the pockets or reducing their size.
Question: How does insufficient dental care lead to gum recession?
Answer: When gum recession occurs, "pockets," or gaps, form between the teeth and gum line, making it easy for disease-causing bacteria to build up. During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself.
Question: How can I prevent gum recession?
Answer: If you brush your teeth too hard or the wrong way, it can cause the enamel on your teeth to wear away and your gums to recede. If you have gum recession, your dentist may want to see you more often. Always use a soft-bristled toothbrush and ask your dentist to show you the proper way to brush your teeth. If a misaligned bite or teeth grinding is the cause of gum recession, talk to your dentist about how to correct the problem. Other ways to prevent gum recession include: Quit smoking if you smoke. Eat a well balanced and healthy diet. Monitor changes that may occur in your mouth. By taking good care of your teeth, you can have a healthy smile forever.
Question: What is gum recession?
Answer: If left untreated, the supporting tissue and bone structures of the teeth can be severely damaged, and may ultimately result in tooth loss. During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself. After the regenerative material is put in place, the gum tissue is secured over the root of the tooth or teeth.
Question: How long does Achilles surgery take?
Answer: Achilles surgery takes only about 30 minutes to an hour, and you'll go home the same day. The surgeons will put you in a cast that extends from below the knee to your toes. It'll keep your foot in a pointed position.
Question: What are treatments for Achilles tendon injury?
Answer: If you haven't torn your Achilles, you probably won't need surgery. If the damage is minor, you might be able to rest, apply ice, wear a boot for a while, and have a few physical therapy appointments. If your tendon is ruptured, your doctor will consider your age, activity level, and how bad the damage is when deciding about surgery. The younger and more active you are, the more likely that surgery will be the answer.
Question: What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Erectile dysfunction ( ED) means you can't get or keep an erection that's firm enough to have sex. But you may still be able to masturbate. It depends in part on what's causing your ED.
Question: How can masturbation help with erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: It depends in part on what's causing your ED. Therapy can also teach you other ways to take the stress out of sex, communicate with partners, and find more sexual stimulation.
Question: Does masturbation cause erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: But you might be able to keep an erection if you masturbate. Masturbation is normal and won't cause problems when you have sex with a partner. Can masturbation help treat ED? There's not much evidence that any sexual activity can keep you from getting the condition. But masturbation can play a role in helping with ED that's caused by stress, anxiety, or another psychological issue. If you're able to perform sexually, even with masturbation, you may feel more confident that you can get and keep an erection during sex with a partner.
Question: What is a psychoanalyst?
Answer: They can be psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers by training. These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. Psychoanalysts use talk therapy and may recommend medications, too. These can be prescribed by the therapist if they're a psychiatrist or by another doctor.
Question: What should I do before my first visit with a mental health therapist?
Answer: Before you schedule that first appointment, you may want to research and ask about a potential therapist's: Treatment approach and philosophy Specialization by age group or particular disorder Education, years in practice, licenses, and professional associations Fees, lengths of sessions, insurance coverage, policies around missed appointments, and office hours Availability in case of an emergency Talk to trusted friends, family, or clergy about professionals they may have seen or know of.
Question: What's the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists?
Answer: They usually have doctoral degrees ( Ph D or Psy D) and are trained to provide professional counseling on psychological and emotional issues. They may specialize in areas such as marriage counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, or sex therapy. Psychologists don't have medical training, so they're not allowed to prescribe medications -- except in certain states where the legislature has given them prescribing privileges. These professionals are medical doctors who specialize in the treatment of mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. A psychiatrist can prescribe medications. They may hold therapy sessions or work with non-medical therapists to treat you.
Question: What should I look for in a mental health professional?
Answer: Besides finding someone who is well qualified, you also want a mental health professional who specializes in treating problems similar to those that you have. You should trust them, even when what they're saying is uncomfortable for you. While you'll usually go for psychotherapy weekly or monthly, psychoanalytic sessions could be several times a week for a while.
Question: What is a psychiatrist?
Answer: They may hold therapy sessions or work with non-medical therapists to treat you. These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. These can be prescribed by the therapist if they're a psychiatrist or by another doctor.
Question: What is the goal of psychoanalysis?
Answer: These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. Psychoanalysis is usually best for people who are struggling with problems around life satisfaction, relationships, and conflicts in pursuing personal or professional goals.
Question: What are naturopaths, and how do they treat mental illness?
Answer: They may specialize in areas such as marriage counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, or sex therapy. As part of a wellness plan or treatment, they may recommend other mental health therapists such as life coaches, psychologists, or other kinds of psychotherapists.
Question: When are you more likely to get acne?
Answer: You're more likely to get acne if: Your parents had acne You take certain medications, including steroids (powerful drugs that help with inflammation) You wear greasy makeup You're under stress Your hormones change (like during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause) You won't need a lab test to know if you have acne or eczema.
Question: How is eczema and acne alike?
Answer: Both are common skin problems that can happen at any age. Each can flare, go away for a while, then return. And both these skin issues can be stressful and embarrassing.
Question: What can you do at home to control both eczema and acne?
Answer: Taking good care of your skin can help control both eczema and acne. These things can help: Be gentle. Use a mild soap to wash your skin twice a day and after sweaty exercise. Go easy. Scrubbing or using harsh cleaners can make it worse. Try not to touch the area. If you have itchy eczema, try not to scratch. This can break your skin and lead to infections. If you have pimples, don't pick or pop them. Stay safe in the sun. Some drugs for eczema and acne make your skin burn faster. Try to stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun's UVB burning rays are most intense. If you have eczema, use a mineral-based sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. People with acne do best with a brand that's oil-free or "non-comedogenic," meaning it won't block your pores. Relax. Stress and anxiety can make both acne and eczema flare. Try meditation, take a yoga or tai chi class, or find other ways to calm yourself. Put your best face forward. If your skin condition makes you self-conscious, you may want to wear makeup to help cover it. But you need to use the right products. Some makeup can help absorb oil, others cover up redness and smooth out your skin. Ask your doctor about what would be best for you.
Question: How is eczema or acne diagnosed?
Answer: You're more likely to get acne if: Your parents had acne You take certain medications, including steroids (powerful drugs that help with inflammation) You wear greasy makeup You're under stress Your hormones change (like during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause) You won't need a lab test to know if you have acne or eczema. A dermatologist (skin doctor) will be able to tell which you have by looking at your skin and asking about your family history.
Question: What should you do if your medicine causes erectile dysfunction?
Answer: Your doctor can tell you which. If it is medication, and not just high blood pressure, switching to another prescription may solve the problem. Never stop taking medicine without your doctor's OK. But high blood pressure itself still could be to blame for your erectile dysfunction. In that case, ask about trying an erectile dysfunction drug like Cialis, Levitra, Stendra, Staxyn, or Viagra. You should only take these drugs once your high blood pressure is under control. They are not safe for men with untreated high blood pressure. They are also not safe for men taking alpha-blockers, or men taking nitrate drugs for heart disease.
Question: Which calcium channel blockers do not cause erectile dysfunction?
Answer: There are also drugs known as calcium channel blockers, such as Amlodipine, Diltiazem, or Verapamil. Your doctor can tell you which. Drugs known as ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers, like Losartan) are not only unlikely to cause erection problems, but they may improve sexual function in men with high blood pressure.
Question: Can you reverse sun damage?
Answer: Fortunately, experts are shedding light on ways you can reverse some problems caused by the sun. It's not possible to erase all of the damage, but there are some steps you can take for these common conditions.
Question: How does sunburn happen?
Answer: Sunburns happen when there's damage to the DNA in your skin cells. Over time, these injuries add up and lead to physical changes like wrinkles and skin cancer.
Question: How can you get rid of dry skin?
Answer: The sun can parch your skin, leaving with you rough patches. But you don't have to be stuck with the lizard look. Use a scrub or loofah to gently exfoliate and remove the top layer of dead skin cells to reveal the soft skin beneath. Then moisturize with lotion. If you're sunburned, skip petroleum-based products, which trap in heat. Also drink plenty of water during the day.
Question: How can you prevent the damage from a sunburn?
Answer: While there are plenty of things you can do to ease the pain, there are only a few ways you can counteract the damage before it's there for good. Wear a broad spectrum sunscreen -- and reapply it at least every 80 minutes -- and try to stick to the shade. You'll protect yourself from future UV radiation and give your skin's enzymes time to repair some of the damaged DNA.
Question: When should you see a dermatologist about sun damage?
Answer: If sun damage gives you any new or changing marks, let your dermatologist know. They could be a sign of skin cancer. And protect yourself from future UV harm with sun-safe habits. Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., and wear protective clothing and a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Apply a thick layer of sunscreen to all exposed skin, and reapply every 80 minutes when out and after swimming and sweating.
Question: How can prescription creams help with actinic keratosis?
Answer: Many of the treatments that repair other sun damage may also work for AK, such as cryotherapy, chemical peels, and laser therapy. You can also try: Prescription creams/gels. Your doctor can prescribe a few different drugs you put on your skin to treat sun-damaged areas. Imiquimod ( Aldara, Zyclara) causes your skin to create a chemical called interferon that kills precancerous cells.5-fluorouracil ( Carac, Efudex, Fluoroplex) is another drug that destroys fast-growing AK cells. A newer treatment called ingenol mebutate ( Picato) treats the patches within 2-3 days. If your skin is too sensitive for these creams, hyaluronic acid paired with the drug diclofenac ( Solaraze) can treat AK.
Question: How do you get wrinkles?
Answer: Your skin makes a chemical called melanin to protect itself against UV rays.
Question: How can you treat melasma?
Answer: You can reverse melasma with many of the same treatments that work for age spots, such as skin-lightening creams. One study found that hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid all worked well in reducing the splotches. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy are also options. Most important, strict sun avoidance and liberal use of broad-spectrum sunscreens that protect against UVA, UVB, and visible light are a must for successful treatment of melasma.
Question: How does microdermabrasion help with wrinkles?
Answer: Microdermabrasion: This technique uses tiny grains, crystals, or diamond tips to remove the outer layer of skin. It also prompts the growth of collagen.
Question: How does beta-carotene help with wrinkles?
Answer: Try these treatments to iron out those wrinkles: Beta-carotene: Research shows that this antioxidant makes skin more supple and flexible and reduces sun-related wrinkles. You can find it in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, spinach, and cantaloupe, or in a supplement.