anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does atherosclerosis cause coronary artery disease?
Answer: Atherosclerosis -- sometimes called hardening of the arteries -- can slowly narrow the arteries throughout your body. When atherosclerosis affects arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle, it's called coronary artery disease. Many of us have heard that clogged arteries lead to heart attacks. First, the coronary arteries' smooth interior surface is damaged. High blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, and diabetes are the most common reasons why. LDL -- or "bad" cholesterol -- then starts to build up in the coronary artery's wall. The body sends a "clean-up crew" of white blood cells and other cells to the toxic site. Over years, continuing buildup of cholesterol and the body's response to it create a plaque. That's a bump on the artery wall that can obstruct blood flow.
Question: How are low vision aids used to treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: You can get devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that enlarge images of nearby objects.
Question: How are anti-angiogenic drugs used to treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Your doctor injects these medications into your eye. They stop new blood vessels from forming and block the leaking from the abnormal vessels that cause wet macular degeneration. Some people who take these drugs have been able to regain vision that they lost from AMD. You will likely need to get the treatment repeated on follow-up visits.
Question: Is there a cure for age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: There's no cure, but treatment for age-related macular degeneration ( AMD) may slow the disease and keep you from having a severe loss of vision. Talk to your doctor about the best way to manage your condition.
Question: How is photodynamic laser therapy used to treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: It's a two-step treatment that uses a light-sensitive drug to damage your abnormal blood vessels. Your doctor injects a medication into your bloodstream, which gets absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in your eye. Next, he shines a laser into the eye to activate the drug, which damages the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: Does treating wet AMD cure it?
Answer: Sometimes, even after you get treatment for wet AMD, the condition can come back. Test your vision regularly and follow the recommendations of your doctor. The right treatment not only slows your vision loss, but it can improve your vision.
Question: How can you prevent age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: The earlier you get a diagnosis of AMD, the greater the chance that treatment will help. See your eye doctor if you have any symptoms of AMD, and make sure you keep a regular schedule of eye exams. Try these prevention tips: Check your sight every day by looking at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that's like a checkerboard. It can help you spot changes in your vision. Stop smoking, eat a balanced diet that includes leafy green vegetables, and protect your eyes with sunglasses that block harmful ultraviolet ( UV) rays. Supplements with antioxidants plus zinc may lower your odds of getting AMD, according to the Age- Related Eye Disease Study. If you're over 65, your vision exams should include testing for AMD.
Question: How can low vision aids help with age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: You can get devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that enlarge images of nearby objects.
Question: How do anti-angiogenic drugs treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Your doctor injects these medications into your eye. They stop new blood vessels from forming and block the leaking from the abnormal vessels that cause wet macular degeneration. Some people who take these drugs have been able to regain vision that they lost from AMD. You will likely need to get the treatment repeated on follow-up visits.
Question: What is the outlook for age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: People rarely lose all of their sight from age-related macular degeneration. You may have poor central vision, but even with advanced AMD you'll still be able to see things to the side, outside your direct line of sight. And you'll still be able to do many of your regular daily activities. With the severe form of either wet or dry AMD, your central vision may decrease to less than 20/200 in both eyes. Even though you'll have peripheral vision, your vision problems meet the definition of legal blindness. The dry form of AMD, which is much more common, tends to get worse more slowly, allowing you to keep most of your vision. Sometimes, even after you get treatment for wet AMD, the condition can come back. Test your vision regularly and follow the recommendations of your doctor. The right treatment not only slows your vision loss, but it can improve your vision.
Question: What are the next steps for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Some people with the dry form of AMD can develop the wet form. If you've got the dry form now, it's important to keep a check on your vision. Perform a vision check one a week, testing each eye separately. Follow the directions for using an Amsler Grid Chart, which you can place on your refrigerator, or you can view it on a tablet or computer. Let your doctor know if you have any changes. If you have the wet form of macular degeneration, even if it's been treated, you should test your vision to see if any blind spots grow bigger or if any new blind spots appear. New blood vessels can emerge months or years after you had injections or laser treatment. If you only have AMD in one eye, your doctor will do regular eye exams on your other eye to check for signs of new problems.
Question: What should I do if I am diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Some people with the dry form of AMD can develop the wet form. If you've got the dry form now, it's important to keep a check on your vision. Perform a vision check one a week, testing each eye separately. Follow the directions for using an Amsler Grid Chart, which you can place on your refrigerator, or you can view it on a tablet or computer. Let your doctor know if you have any changes. If you have the wet form of macular degeneration, even if it's been treated, you should test your vision to see if any blind spots grow bigger or if any new blind spots appear. New blood vessels can emerge months or years after you had injections or laser treatment. If you only have AMD in one eye, your doctor will do regular eye exams on your other eye to check for signs of new problems.
Question: How can I prevent age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: They stop new blood vessels from forming and block the leaking from the abnormal vessels that cause wet macular degeneration. You will likely need to get the treatment repeated on follow-up visits. Try these prevention tips: Check your sight every day by looking at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that's like a checkerboard. It can help you spot changes in your vision. Supplements with antioxidants plus zinc may lower your odds of getting AMD, according to the Age- Related Eye Disease Study. If you're over 65, your vision exams should include testing for AMD.
Question: Can taking vitamins help age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: A large study by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, called AREDS ( Age- Related Eye Disease Study), shows benefits if you take a supplement formula that has vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper. According to the research, the risk for vision loss goes down for some people with intermediate to advanced dry AMD. Some people with the dry form of AMD can develop the wet form. Supplements with antioxidants plus zinc may lower your odds of getting AMD, according to the Age- Related Eye Disease Study.
Question: How do lasers treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest a treatment with high-energy laser light that can sometimes destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels from AMD. Your doctor injects a medication into your bloodstream, which gets absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in your eye. Next, he shines a laser into the eye to activate the drug, which damages the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: When will you know you are in menopause?
Answer: A woman is in menopause if she has had no menstrual periods (menses) for 12 months and has no other medical reason for her menses to stop. If a woman knows she is not in menopause but is missing periods, she should consult her health care provider.
Question: Can hormone levels or other blood tests help with detecting menopause?
Answer: Because hormone levels may fluctuate greatly in an individual woman, even from one day to the next, they are not a reliable indicator for diagnosing menopause. Even if levels are low one day, they may be high the next day in the same woman. There is no single blood test that reliably predicts when a woman is going through menopause, or menopausal transition.
Question: How will your doctor figure out what is the right treatment for my hyperthyroidism?
Answer: There are several different ways to treat an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Before choosing the one that's best for you, your doctor will consider what's causing it, your age, your overall heath, and how severe your symptoms are.
Question: What are possible side effects of beta-blockers?
Answer: Side effects may include: Headache Dizziness Digestive problems Surgery isn't typically recommended for an overactive thyroid.
Question: Will I need surgery to treat my hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Side effects may include: Headache Dizziness Digestive problems Surgery isn't typically recommended for an overactive thyroid. But if you can't take antithyroid medicines or get radioactive iodine therapy, your doctor may recommend a surgery called thyroidectomy. It means your thyroid will be completely removed.
Question: What are the side effects of antithyroid drug medications for hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Up to 3% of people who take antithyroid medications develop allergic reactions like rashes and hives. In rare cases, these medicines can cause a condition called agranulocytosis, which decreases the number of your white blood cells. When this happens, you're more likely to develop an infection. There's also the risk of liver damage. See your doctor right away if you develop symptoms like a fever or sore throat while taking these drugs.
Question: How can surgery help hyperthyroidism caused by Grave's disease?
Answer: This is called Graves' orbitopathy or ophthalmopathy. If your symptoms aren't severe, you can usually manage them by avoiding bright lights and wind, raising the head of your bed, and using eye drops. It can help by making extra room for your eyes so that they go back to their normal position. It can help improve your vision. The cut muscles are then reattached in a different position, which can put your eyes back in proper alignment.
Question: How do beta-blockers help treat hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Beta-blockers affect the way thyroid hormone acts on your body. They're most often used to treat high blood pressure. They can also help slow down your heart rate and keep it beating regularly. These glands help control the amount of calcium in your blood.
Question: Can hyperthyroidism affect my eyes?
Answer: This is a medication you take by mouth to help shrink your thyroid. This is called Graves' orbitopathy or ophthalmopathy. If your symptoms aren't severe, you can usually manage them by avoiding bright lights and wind, raising the head of your bed, and using eye drops. Your doctor may suggest a selenium supplement. In some cases, you might need to take steroids or other medications to help control the swelling behind your eyes.
Question: How can I get out of bed when I have back pain?
Answer: And you might not even be able to get in and out of bed without pain. You may sink in too deep and your joints may twist and cause you more pain. Take your time and roll over onto one side and use your arms to push your way up. You can then swing your legs out of bed to stand up slowly. Reverse the movements when it's time to lie down at night.
Question: Can yoga help back pain?
Answer: Doctors used to always recommend firm mattresses, but research has shown that people with low back pain actually sleep worse on very hard mattresses when compared to other kinds. It can also help reduce your stress and make you sleep better. Talk to your doctor about which poses are safe for you to practice and which ones won't make your pain worse. It might be helpful to start off using yoga props like blocks and bolsters for added support so that you can hold poses comfortably. And taking a few yoga classes with an instructor to be sure you're doing the poses and breathing correctly -- which is key to relaxation -- isn't a bad idea either.
Question: What exercises can help with back pain?
Answer: Back pain can make getting through the day hard, but it can make getting a good night's sleep even harder. But doing targeted exercises to strengthen your core -- the muscles in your abdomen, hips, lower back, and pelvis -- can also help ease back pain. Building strength and flexibility in these muscles can lower the chances of you straining your back and experiencing muscle spasms during the night. Holding a plank position with your hands under your shoulders and your legs out straight can help tighten these muscles. Start by holding the pose for 15 to 30 seconds and try to maintain proper alignment, with your body in a straight line and your abdominal muscles engaged.
Question: Can cancer cause changes in testicles or penis?
Answer: Tell your doctor if you have pain when you pee or blood in your urine.
Question: What cancers should men be weary of?
Answer: The three most common cancers in men are prostate, lung, and colorectal.
Question: Does cancer cause fatigue?
Answer: Fatigue: If you're tired all the time and rest doesn't help, tell your doctor. Leukemia often wears you out, or you could have blood loss from colon or stomach cancer. Cancer-related weight loss can leave you exhausted, too.
Question: How can fever be a sign of cancer?
Answer: Fever: If it's high or sticks around for more than 3 days, call your doctor. Some blood cancers, like lymphoma, cause a fever that lasts for days or even weeks.
Question: How can weight loss without trying be a sign of cancer?
Answer: Weight loss without trying: It's common to lose weight when you have cancer. It's often one of the signs of cancer that people notice first. Almost half the people with cancer lose weight by the time they get diagnosed.
Question: What signs of cancer should men watch out for?
Answer: The three most common cancers in men are prostate, lung, and colorectal. Keep an eye out for: Cough or hoarseness that won't go away: See the doctor if a cough is severe, lasts more than 3 weeks, or you see blood when you cough. Trouble peeing: A swollen prostate can make it hard to go, or it may make you have to go a lot. Tell your doctor if you have pain when you pee or blood in your urine. Change in bowel habits. Diarrhea or constipation that lasts for more than 4 weeks can be a sign of colorectal cancer. Blood in your poop isn't normal. Tell your doctor.
Question: Does cancer cause changes in the skin?
Answer: Changes in your skin: Get unusual or new moles, bumps, or marks on your body checked. You want to be sure skin cancer isn't lurking. Your skin can also provide clues to other kinds of cancers. If it's darkened, looks yellow or red, itches, sprouts more hair, or if you have an unexplained rash, let your doctor take a look. It could be a sign of liver, ovarian, or kidney cancer.
Question: Does cancer cause fever?
Answer: Fever: If it's high or sticks around for more than 3 days, call your doctor. Some blood cancers, like lymphoma, cause a fever that lasts for days or even weeks.
Question: What cancers should women be weary of?
Answer: The types that affect women most are breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. Women can also have cancer of the uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina, or vulva.
Question: Can cancer cause breast changes?
Answer: You see spots or other changes in the skin around your nipples.
Question: What are the advantages of taking Depo-Provera?
Answer: In addition to preventing pregnancy, this medication has other benefits: You don't have to remember to take it every day or use it before sex. It provides long-term protection as long as you get the shot every 3 months. It's highly effective. You get birth control without having to take estrogen.
Question: Can I get pregnant after I stop using Depo-Provera?
Answer: But it takes some women up to a year or two to conceive after they stop using this type of birth control. This time frame doesn't seem to be linked to how long you got the shots.
Question: How soon does Depo-Provera work?
Answer: Depo- Provera starts to work as birth control immediately if you get it within the first 5 days of your menstrual period.
Question: Can any woman use Depo-Provera?
Answer: It's OK for most women. But you shouldn't get it if you have: Unexplained vaginal bleeding Liver disease Breast cancer Blood clots Your doctor will be cautious about giving it to you if you're a teenager, or if you have: Diabetes A history of depression A history of heart attack or stroke Osteoporosis or a high risk for it They can include: Irregular menstrual periods, or no periods at all Headaches Nervousness Depression Dizziness Acne Changes in appetite Weight gain Unwanted facial and body hair Hair loss Loss of bone mineral density Belly pain Bloating Breakthrough bleeding Fatigue Less interest in sex Weakness Changes to your menstrual cycle are the most common side effects.
Question: What are the side effects of Depo-Provera?
Answer: But you shouldn't get it if you have: Unexplained vaginal bleeding Liver disease Breast cancer Blood clots Your doctor will be cautious about giving it to you if you're a teenager, or if you have: Diabetes A history of depression A history of heart attack or stroke Osteoporosis or a high risk for it They can include: Irregular menstrual periods, or no periods at all Headaches Nervousness Depression Dizziness Acne Changes in appetite Weight gain Unwanted facial and body hair Hair loss Loss of bone mineral density Belly pain Bloating Breakthrough bleeding Fatigue Less interest in sex Weakness Changes to your menstrual cycle are the most common side effects. You may have irregular bleeding or spotting. After a year of use, about 50% of women will stop getting their periods. If this happens to you, your period should come back when you stop getting the shots. Long-term use of Depo- Provera may lead to loss of bone mineral density, which makes you more likely to get osteoporosis. Your chances are even higher if you've taken the shot for longer than 2 years, especially if osteoporosis runs in your family, you drink a lot, you smoke, or you have other risk factors for the condition.
Question: What are the disadvantages of Depo-Provera?
Answer: But you shouldn't get it if you have: Unexplained vaginal bleeding Liver disease Breast cancer Blood clots Your doctor will be cautious about giving it to you if you're a teenager, or if you have: Diabetes A history of depression A history of heart attack or stroke Osteoporosis or a high risk for it They can include: Irregular menstrual periods, or no periods at all Headaches Nervousness Depression Dizziness Acne Changes in appetite Weight gain Unwanted facial and body hair Hair loss Loss of bone mineral density Belly pain Bloating Breakthrough bleeding Fatigue Less interest in sex Weakness Changes to your menstrual cycle are the most common side effects. Regular doctor visits for the shots can be inconvenient. You need to stop taking Depo- Provera several months ahead of time if you plan to become pregnant. It doesn't protect you against sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs). Use a condom for safer sex.
Question: How can support groups help with dental fear?
Answer: Most communities have support groups that offer practical tips and coping skills in addition to emotional support for those who suffer from anxiety or phobias. Ask your dentist if he or she can assist in finding a support group in your area.
Question: How can cognitive behavior help dental fear?
Answer: This approach teaches patients how to calm their mind and body and change negative or harmful thinking patterns so that they can feel better, think more clearly, make better decisions and overcome fears.
Question: How can general anesthesia help with dental pain?
Answer: With this technique, the patient is "put to sleep" for the duration of the procedure. Patients requiring general anesthesia can be treated in the dentist's office, but more likely are treated in a hospital setting. This is because this type of anesthesia has risks, which include a sudden drop in blood pressure and irregular heartbeats, so the patient needs to be closely monitored. For these reasons, general anesthesia is typically only used if extensive dental work is needed and when other forms of sedation or pain control are not sufficient to conquer fear.
Question: How can laser drills control dental pain?
Answer: Some dentists are now using lasers to remove decay within a tooth and prepare the surrounding enamel for placement of the filling. Lasers may cause less pain in some instances and result in a reduced need for anesthesia.
Question: How can demtophobia clinics help dental fear?
Answer: These are clinics, staffed by therapists, who specialize in helping those with severe anxiety.
Question: How can systematic desensitization help dental fear?
Answer: With this technique, patients are gradually exposed to the things they are afraid of -- for instance, in this case, the dental office and dental instruments.
Question: How can relaxation techniques help control dental pain?
Answer: Studies have shown that practicing relaxation techniques helps reduce pain and anxiety levels in patients. There are many types of relaxation strategies. Some of the more common include: Guided imagery.
Question: How can deep breathing help control dental pain?
Answer: This technique involves breathing deeply and slowly, which floods the body with oxygen and other chemicals that work on the central nervous system and improve your comfort.
Question: How can mental health therapy help with dental fear?
Answer: Working with mental health professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, is another worthwhile option to consider for those with severe anxiety and phobias. The types of therapies that might be tried in this setting include: Systematic desensitization. With this technique, patients are gradually exposed to the things they are afraid of -- for instance, in this case, the dental office and dental instruments. Cognitive behavior therapy. This approach teaches patients how to calm their mind and body and change negative or harmful thinking patterns so that they can feel better, think more clearly, make better decisions and overcome fears. Psychotherapy. This is a process by which patients increase their personal awareness and come to an understanding of and make peace with the difficult events or fears from their past.
Question: How can progressive relaxation help control dental pain?
Answer: Using all of this information, your dentist will work with you to determine which anxiety- and pain-reducing approach may be the best option for you. Reducing muscular tension helps reduce pain.
Question: What is electronically delivered anesthesia?
Answer: Electronically delivered anesthesia (also called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation -- or TENS). Adhesive pads are placed on the face and a battery-powered device sends electrical impulses to the treatment area to numb it. This technique involves the placement of very thin needles into certain locations on the body.
Question: How can intravenous sedation help with controlling dental pain?
Answer: This approach is usually reserved for patients undergoing extensive dental procedures or for the extremely anxious patient. Mind/ Body Techniques to Control Anxiety or Pain Distraction strategies.