anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What can ductal carcinoma in situ lead do?
Answer: Even though it's noninvasive, it can lead to invasive cancer. It's important that women with the disease get treatment. Research shows that the risk of getting invasive cancer is low if you've been treated for DCIS. If it isn't treated, 30% to 50% if women with DCIS will get invasive cancer. The invasive cancer usually develops in the same breast and in the same area as where the DCIS happened.
Question: How is ductal carcinoma in situ treated?
Answer: The treatment options are usually: Lumpectomy: The surgeon only removes the tumor and a bit of the tissue around it to help make sure all the cancer cells have been removed. Among other things, your doctor will consider: Tumor location Tumor size Aggressiveness of the cancer cells Your family history of breast cancer Results of tests for a gene mutation that would increase the risk of breast cancer Most women with DCIS don't have the breast removed with a mastectomy. Instead, they have a lumpectomy. Most common is a lumpectomy followed by radiation. The surgeon removes the cancer and a small area of healthy tissue around it. Lymph nodes under the arm don't need to be removed as they are with other types of breast cancer.
Question: What is the treatment plan for ductal carcinoma in situ based on?
Answer: The invasive cancer usually develops in the same breast and in the same area as where the DCIS happened. Your doctor will customize your treatment plan based on your test results and medical history. Among other things, your doctor will consider: Tumor location Tumor size Aggressiveness of the cancer cells Your family history of breast cancer Results of tests for a gene mutation that would increase the risk of breast cancer Most women with DCIS don't have the breast removed with a mastectomy.
Question: When do you need radiation for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ?
Answer: It uses low doses of radiation to make pictures of the inside of your chest. It can be local, regional, and/or distant. The surgeon removes the cancer and a small area of healthy tissue around it. After a lumpectomy, radiation cuts the chances that the cancer will come back. If cancer does return, it's called recurrence. Some women may opt to have a lumpectomy only.
Question: How is invasive ductal carcinoma treated?
Answer: Most women with IDC have surgery to remove the cancer. Which one you get depends on the size of your tumor and how much it has spread throughout your breast and surrounding lymph nodes. In addition to surgery, other treatments include: Radiation: This usually follows your surgery.
Question: What procedures are done to treat invasive ductal carcinoma?
Answer: Chemotherapy: These medications target cancer cells throughout your body. Among other things, your doctor will consider: Tumor location Tumor size Aggressiveness of the cancer cells Your family history of breast cancer Results of tests for a gene mutation that would increase the risk of breast cancer Most women with DCIS don't have the breast removed with a mastectomy. The surgeon removes the cancer and a small area of healthy tissue around it.
Question: What tests are used to further diagnose invasive ductal carcinoma?
Answer: Invasive ductal carcinoma ( IDC) accounts for about 80% of all invasive breast cancers in women and 90% in men. PET scan. The doctor injects a radioactive substance called a tracer into your arm. Together with a CT scan, this test can help find cancer in lymph nodes and other areas. It uses strong magnets and radio waves to make pictures of the breast and other structures inside your body. Bone scan. It uses low doses of radiation to make pictures of the inside of your chest. Results from these tests will show the stage of your cancer. Node ( N): Has the tumor spread to your lymph nodes? These tests may include an ultrasound or MRI.
Question: How can you get help for emotional eating?
Answer: Try meditation or counseling, or talk to your doctor to see what resources and techniques they recommend to help you cope with emotional stress. As you learn to practice better coping strategies and to curb emotional eating, remember to reward yourself. By patting yourself on the back for a job well done, you increase the likelihood that you'll maintain your new healthy habits.
Question: How do I choose my therapist if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Look for a licensed mental health professional who works with people who have diabetes or other long-term conditions. Ask your doctor for referrals. Pick someone you find easy to talk to. You might meet with your counselor one on one, with family members, or in a support group.
Question: Should I join a support group for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: It helps to talk to someone who can relate to what you're going through, since they have diabetes, too. While support groups are not psychotherapy groups, they can provide you with a safe, accepting place to share your situation and get comfort and encouragement.
Question: Should I tell my friends and family about my type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Type 2 diabetes can seem overwhelming at times, but you can take control back. Share with them what you're going through and how you manage your diabetes. For instance, tell them why you have to check your blood sugar regularly, or what sorts of snacks and meals are OK for you. Want someone to help you get them up to speed?
Question: What can help for my type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Put them on your go-to list, and reach out any time you need their insight and motivation. It helps to talk to someone who can relate to what you're going through, since they have diabetes, too. Type 2 diabetes can affect the entire family.
Question: Do I need a therapist if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: In therapy, you'll plan positive ways to handle your diabetes. It's not just for people with conditions like depression or anxiety. Anyone can benefit. Pick someone you find easy to talk to.
Question: How can I tell my family about my type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You might want to hold a family meeting, and invite your diabetes educator to answer their questions. Pick someone you find easy to talk to.
Question: Do prescription dugs help treat IBS?
Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe drugs to help with diarrhea or constipation if you need more relief. Other things that can help include stress management, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, and relaxation training.
Question: How is irritable bowel disease (IBD) treated?
Answer: IBD, on the other hand, is more often treated with drugs that target the inflammation that causes symptoms. These powerful meds generally don't work as a treatment for IBS, which is one reason why it's so important to know which condition you have. And while some people with IBD need surgery to repair the physical damage to their digestive tract, surgery isn't needed for IBS.
Question: Is IBS or IBD related to colorectal cancer?
Answer: Lastly, an inflammatory bowel disease makes you more likely to get colorectal cancer. Irritable bowel syndrome doesn't do that, but you should still keep up with your regularly scheduled screening tests.
Question: Do IBD and IBS share symptoms?
Answer: Since IBD and IBS are both chronic conditions that affect the gut, they have some overlapping warning signs: belly pain and diarrhea. Plus, they both tend to be diagnosed in young people.
Question: Is counseling helpful in treating IBS?
Answer: Counseling is also helpful, especially if the stress of having the condition starts to get to you, or if you notice you're limiting your social life because you worry about when your symptoms will affect you. A support group is another great resource, because the people there will understand, from personal experience, what it's like to have IBS.
Question: What are symptoms of IBS?
Answer: IBS can also cause constipation, extra gas, nausea, or make you feel like you urgently need to have a bowel movement.
Question: What is another natural alternative for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Counseling is also helpful, especially if the stress of having the condition starts to get to you, or if you notice you're limiting your social life because you worry about when your symptoms will affect you. A support group is another great resource, because the people there will understand, from personal experience, what it's like to have IBS.
Question: Is irritable bowel disease (IBD) a structural or functional disease?
Answer: IBD is a structural disease. That means there is underlying physical damage that causes your symptoms. Doctors can see chronic inflammation or ulcers when they examine the gut with an X-ray, endoscopy, surgery, or biopsy. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases.
Question: What else can help with diarrhea or constipation besides drugs?
Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe drugs to help with diarrhea or constipation if you need more relief. Other things that can help include stress management, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, and relaxation training. Researchers are also studying whether probiotics help tame IBS.
Question: What symptoms do irritable bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share?
Answer: Both can cause stomach pain, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation. But that's where the similarities end. IBS and IBD have different causes and treatments. You can't tell which it is by how you feel, and you need to know the difference so you can get the right type of help.
Question: What are some overlapping warning signs of irritable bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Since IBD and IBS are both chronic conditions that affect the gut, they have some overlapping warning signs: belly pain and diarrhea. Plus, they both tend to be diagnosed in young people. IBS can also cause constipation, extra gas, nausea, or make you feel like you urgently need to have a bowel movement.
Question: How is IBD diagnosed?
Answer: Since it's a structural disease, a doctor needs to find physical damage in your gut to make the diagnosis. To look for inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding, you may get: Tests of your blood and stools A colonoscopy or other imaging tests to look inside your gut, with a biopsy CT scans If you have inflammation and ulcers, your doctor can use these tests to narrow down what form of IBD you have. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main types.
Question: What are some harmful consequences of having an inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: Lastly, an inflammatory bowel disease makes you more likely to get colorectal cancer. Irritable bowel syndrome doesn't do that, but you should still keep up with your regularly scheduled screening tests.
Question: What are the causes of IBS and IBD?
Answer: Since IBD and IBS are both chronic conditions that affect the gut, they have some overlapping warning signs: belly pain and diarrhea. The long-lasting inflammation in the digestive tracts of people with IBD can cause bleeding and ulcers (sores). In turn, this irritation causes pain and, by aggravating the immune system, leads to symptoms like fever and fatigue. Scientists have found links between irritable bowel syndrome and the immune system, and how muscles move food through the gut. Many people have certain triggers that cause their symptoms to get worse, including some foods, stress, infections, and hormonal changes.
Question: Do any specific diet changes help treat IBS?
Answer: People with IBS often try to treat it by changing what they eat. There is no specific diet that works for everyone who has the condition. Stop lactose, which is in dairy products. Cut down on foods that make you gassy or bloated. Get more water. Avoid caffeine and legumes (beans). Limit or avoid â FODMAPsâ (a certain type of sugar found in some fruit, vegetable, bread and dairy products).
Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD)?
Answer: Since IBD and IBS are both chronic conditions that affect the gut, they have some overlapping warning signs: belly pain and diarrhea. The long-lasting inflammation in the digestive tracts of people with IBD can cause bleeding and ulcers (sores). In turn, this irritation causes pain and, by aggravating the immune system, leads to symptoms like fever and fatigue. The causes of IBS aren't as clear.
Question: How do doctors treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD)?
Answer: People with IBS often try to treat it by changing what they eat. There is no specific diet that works for everyone who has the condition. Cut down on foods that make you gassy or bloated. Get more water. ( You can drink it or eat H2 O-rich foods.) Avoid caffeine and legumes (beans). Limit or avoid â FODMAPsâ (a certain type of sugar found in some fruit, vegetable, bread and dairy products).
Question: How do doctors diagnose irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Doctors use something called the â Rome criteriaâ to decide if you have irritable bowel syndrome. According to the criteria, you may be diagnosed with IBS if you have belly pain for at least 1 day a week for the previous 3 months. The pain must also meet at least two of the following: It is associated with a bowel movement. In some cases, doctors will diagnose you with IBS just using these standards. But in many cases, especially if you also have other symptoms that hint at IBD, you'll get tests to find out whether there's any bleeding or inflammation in your digestive tract. If there is, then you don't have IBS.
Question: Is irritable bowel disease (IBS) a structural or functional disease?
Answer: IBS, on the other hand, is what doctors call a functional disease. Someone with this type of disease will have a group of symptoms, but tests won't show any physical explanation for those problems. Since it's a structural disease, a doctor needs to find physical damage in your gut to make the diagnosis.
Question: What are some links between irritable bowel syndrome and the immune system?
Answer: In turn, this irritation causes pain and, by aggravating the immune system, leads to symptoms like fever and fatigue. Many people have certain triggers that cause their symptoms to get worse, including some foods, stress, infections, and hormonal changes.
Question: Is IBD a structural or functional disease?
Answer: IBS, on the other hand, is what doctors call a functional disease. Someone with this type of disease will have a group of symptoms, but tests won't show any physical explanation for those problems. But in many cases, especially if you also have other symptoms that hint at IBD, you'll get tests to find out whether there's any bleeding or inflammation in your digestive tract.
Question: What are the symptoms of kidney disease?
Answer: The symptoms of kidney disease include: High/worsening blood pressure Decrease in amount of urine or difficulty urinating Edema (fluid retention), especially in the lower legs A need to urinate more often, especially at night As with high blood pressure, you may not realize that you have kidney disease.
Question: How can I prevent kidney disease from high blood pressure?
Answer: However, certain groups are at higher risk, including: African- Americans Hispanic- Americans Native Americans Natives of Alaska People who have diabetes People with a family history of high blood pressure and kidney disease To prevent kidney damage from high blood pressure: Try to keep your blood pressure controlled. Make sure you get your blood pressure checked on a regular basis. Eat a proper diet. Get moderate exercise, such as walking, 30 minutes daily. Take the medication your doctor prescribes. For patients who have high blood pressure and kidney disease, the most important treatment is to control your blood pressure through lifestyle changes.
Question: What is the leading cause of kidney disease?
Answer: High blood pressure (hypertension) is a leading cause of kidney disease and kidney failure (end-stage renal disease). Hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels and filters in the kidney, making removal of waste from the body difficult. Once a person is diagnosed with end-stage renal disease, dialysis -- a blood-cleansing process -- or kidney transplantation are necessary.
Question: How is kidney disease diagnosed?
Answer: The symptoms of kidney disease include: High/worsening blood pressure Decrease in amount of urine or difficulty urinating Edema (fluid retention), especially in the lower legs A need to urinate more often, especially at night As with high blood pressure, you may not realize that you have kidney disease. Certain laboratory tests can indicate whether your kidneys are eliminating waste products properly. These tests include serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN); elevated levels of either can indicate kidney damage. Proteinuria, an excess of protein in the urine, is also a sign of kidney disease.
Question: How is kidney disease treated?
Answer: Eat a proper diet. For patients who have high blood pressure and kidney disease, the most important treatment is to control your blood pressure through lifestyle changes. ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker ( ARB) drugs lower blood pressure and can protect the kidneys from further damage, but treatments need to be individualized.
Question: Can you get flaxseed naturally from foods?
Answer: While no other food sources contain flaxseed, flaxseed is itself sometimes added to foods. Ground flaxseed is sold as flour. Flaxseed oil might be added to salad dressing, but it should not be used for cooking.
Question: Why do people take flaxseed?
Answer: Flaxseed and flaxseed oil contain alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA), one of the essential omega-3 fatty acids that partly and inefficiently converts into DHA and EPA -- more active omega-3s -- in the body. While flaxseed hasn't yet been shown to improve heart disease risk, there's good evidence that flaxseed and flaxseed oil may lower cholesterol levels. Ground flaxseed -- but not flaxseed oil -- may also help with menopausal symptoms. One study showed that 40 grams per day may be similar to hormone therapy for improving mild menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats. But other studies contradict this finding. Ground flaxseed may also ease constipation. Flaxseed has also been shown to improve kidney function in people with lupus. If you have lupus -- or any other medical condition -- it's very important to talk with your doctor about any supplements you take.
Question: What are the risks of taking flaxseed?
Answer: Never eat raw or unripe flaxseed -- it could be poisonous. People who have diabetes, bipolar disorder, high triglycerides, bleeding disorders, or prostate cancer should talk to a doctor before using flaxseed or flaxseed oil. Anyone with digestive problems (like Crohn's disease, IBS, or colitis) and women with hormone-sensitive diseases (like endometriosis, PCOS, breast cancer, and uterine cancer) should not use flaxseed. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, flaxseed and flaxseed oil is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Question: What are the side effects of taking flaxseed?
Answer: At normal doses, flaxseed and flaxseed oil seem to be safe. Flaxseed -- and not flaxseed oil -- contains soluble fiber. It might cause diarrhea, cramping, gas, and bloating. High doses of flaxseed, especially when not taken with enough water, can cause constipation and, rarely, bowel obstruction. If ground flaxseed or flaxseed oil oxidizes (goes rancid), it may cause cholesterol problems and inflammation.
Question: What are interactions that can occur from taking flaxseed?
Answer: If you have lupus -- or any other medical condition -- it's very important to talk with your doctor about any supplements you take. Flaxseed may block the normal absorption of medicines. Always take medicines at least one hour before or two hours after using flaxseed. Flaxseed and flaxseed oil may also interact with drugs like blood thinners, NSAID painkillers, hormone treatments, and some medicines for blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
Question: How much flaxseed should you take?
Answer: There is no set dose of flaxseed. In studies of people with high cholesterol, 15 to 50 grams of flaxseed per day has been used; 40 grams have been used for mild menopause symptoms. Flaxseed must be ground prior to ingestion or it won't work for these conditions. To be absorbed, however, it must me ground before using it to allow the oils to be available. Some people use a small coffee grinder to grind daily doses as needed.
Question: What is vaginismus?
Answer: When a woman has vaginismus, her vagina's muscles squeeze or spasm when something is entering it, like a tampon or a penis. It can be mildly uncomfortable, or it can be painful. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are exercises a woman can do that can help, sometimes within weeks.
Question: What causes vaginismus?
Answer: The pain happens only with penetration. It's usually linked to anxietyand fear of having sex. But it's unclear which came first, the vaginismus or the anxiety. Other medical problems like infections can also cause painful intercourse. So it's important to see a doctor to determine the underlying cause of pain during sex.
Question: What exercise or therapy can help prevent vaginismus?
Answer: Relax the muscles. You can do them as many times a day as you want to. After a few days, insert one finger, up to about the first knuckle joint, inside the vagina while doing the exercises. It's a good idea to clip your fingernails first and use a lubricating jelly. For women whose vaginismus is related to fear or anxiety, therapy helps.
Question: What are symptoms of vaginismus?
Answer: When a woman has vaginismus, her vagina's muscles squeeze or spasm when something is entering it, like a tampon or a penis. It usually goes away after withdrawal, but not always. Many women who have vaginismus also feel discomfort when inserting a tampon or during a doctor's internal pelvic exam. Others have it only in certain circumstances, like with one partner but not others, or only with sexual intercourse but not with tampons or during medical exams.
Question: What is the treatment for vaginismus?
Answer: The approach is called progressive desensitization, and the idea is to get comfortable with insertion. Relax the muscles.
Question: How can you clean a minor cut?
Answer: If it's a minor cut or scrape, here's what to do: Clean the Cut First wash your hands with soap and water. Then rinse the cut or scrape with cool water to remove dirt and debris. Hold the area under running water or pour clean water over it from a cup. Use soap to clean the wound. You don't need to use stronger cleaning solutions -- such as hydrogen peroxide, iodine, or rubbing alcohol -- to treat minor cuts and scrapes, as they may irritate the wound. Cool clean water should be fine for cleaning the wound.
Question: How should you cover a cut or scrape?
Answer: Cover the Cut or Scrape Once the bleeding has stopped and the wound is clean, you should cover it with a sterile bandage or gauze pad and tape. If the cut is small and is in an area that won't get dirty and be rubbed by your clothes, you may decide to leave it uncovered. But for most wounds, it's a good idea to cover them to help prevent infection or reopening the wound. Change the dressing or bandage every day or more often if it gets dirty. Antibiotic ointment can make infection less likely. Using a thin layer of antibiotic ointment before applying the bandage or gauze dressing will help keep cuts and scrapes clean and moist, and help curb scarring.