anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?
Answer: Multiple sclerosis ( MS) and Guillain- BarrÃ© syndrome ( GBS) are diseases of the nervous system. Common symptoms of both include: Weakness Numbness Tingling in the arms and legs GBS symptoms usually start within a day and spread from the legs to the upper body. Unlike GBS where symptoms eventually ease and patients can recover, CIDP progresses and patients could have permanent disabilities. MS often starts in a few days, but sometimes symptoms don't show up for a while. The numbness from MS usually isn't severe. But the condition can also cause: Bladder problems Dizziness Fatigue Pain Tight muscles Trouble speaking and swallowing Vision problems GBS brings weakness that may last years. For CIDP, symptoms are the same as GBS as is most often marked with difficulty walking and symptoms progress longer.
Question: How do I calm a person who is having panic attacks?
Answer: Ask the person what you can do to help. Reassure the person that the attack will probably pass in a few minutes. Encourage the person to take slow, even breaths. Do not minimize the person's symptoms. If unable to calm the person, take him or her to see a health care provider right away.
Question: What are symptoms of bunions?
Answer: To determine if you may have a bunion, look for an angular, bony bump on the side of the foot at the base of the big toe. Sometimes hardened skin or a callus covers the bump.
Question: When should I call my doctor about my bunions?
Answer: If you have persistent pain when walking normally in otherwise comfortable, flat-soled shoes, you may be developing a bunion, bursitis, gout, or a bone spur in your foot. It's time to call the doctor.
Question: How do bunions feel?
Answer: There's often swelling, redness, unusual tenderness, and/or pain at the base of the big toe and in the ball of the foot. Eventually, the area becomes shiny and warm to the touch.
Question: Can hormone replacement therapy raise my chances of heart disease?
Answer: There are no heart related dangers associated with taking hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) and there are indications of some possible benefits, depending on your age. Women who became menopausal less than 10 years before starting HRT have no increased risk of a heart attack. The same holds true for those who were between the ages of 50 and 59 while taking it. Younger women also show no risk and may even find their risks lowered. Still, women over the age of 60 or who became menopausal more than 10 years ago, coulld have a slightly increased risk of a heart attack.
Question: How are heart disease and menopause linked?
Answer: Once a woman reaches the age of 50, about the age of natural menopause, her risk for heart disease increases dramatically. In young women who have undergone early or surgical menopause, who do not take estrogen, their risk for heart disease is also higher.
Question: How can menopausal women lower their odds of heart disease?
Answer: Incorporating the following tips into your everyday life may help you reduce your risk of heart disease during and after menopause: Avoid or quit smoking. Maintain a healthy body weight. Activity and exercise also help reduce many other risk factors. Treat and control medical conditions. Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure are known risk factors for heart disease.
Question: Who is commonly affected by myasthenia gravis?
Answer: Though anyone can develop myasthenia gravis, those most likely to do so are women between age 20 and 40 or men between age 50 and 70. If a woman with myasthenia gravis gives birth, the baby may have some temporary, and potentially life-threatening, muscle weakness (neonatal myasthenia) because of antibodies that have transferred from the mother's bloodstream. Typically, during the baby's first weeks of life, the antibodies are cleared from the baby's circulation and the baby develops normal muscle tone and strength.
Question: What are the first symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
Answer: The disease most commonly affects muscles that control eye and eyelid movement, so the first symptoms you notice may be eyelid drooping and/or blurred or doubled vision. The majority will go on to develop weakness in other muscle groups within one or two years.
Question: What percentage of people with myasthenia gravis patients have thymoma?
Answer: Although most thymomas are benign (not cancerous), the thymus is usually removed (thymectomy) to prevent the potential spread of cancer. In fact, thymectomy seems to improve symptoms of myasthenia gravis in some patients, even if no tumor is present.
Question: is myasthenia gravis an autoimmune disorder?
Answer: Myasthenia gravis is considered to be an autoimmune disorder. In an autoimmune disease, some of the body's antibodies (special proteins in your body that are supposed to be programmed to fight foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi) mistake a part of your own body as foreign, resulting in its destruction. In the case of myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, attack or destroy the acetylcholine receptors needed for muscle contraction.
Question: What is generalized myasthenia gravis?
Answer: Other common muscle groups that are affected may make it difficult for you to chew, swallow, smile, shrug, lift your arm up, grip, rise to a stand, or walk up stairs. When the muscles necessary for breathing are affected, a patient is said to be in myasthenic crisis. This is a life-threatening situation. Myasthenia gravis is considered to be an autoimmune disorder.
Question: What is myasthenia gravis?
Answer: For example, if you have myasthenia gravis, you may notice that during a meal, your jaw muscles become tired and weak, interfering with your ability to chew food. After you have rested for a little while, the muscles may become strong again, allowing you to resume eating. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } This waxing-and-waning weakness of muscles, worsening with use and improving with rest, is a hallmark of this particular disease. There typically are periods when you may notice more symptoms (called an exacerbation), interspersed with periods when symptoms decrease or disappear (remission). Myasthenia gravis is considered to be an autoimmune disorder.
Question: How is secondary hypertension diagnosed?
Answer: Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is less common and is the result of another condition, such as: Disorders of the adrenal gland (small organs, located above the kidneys, that create hormones), including Cushing's syndrome (a condition caused by an overproduction of cortisol); hyperaldosteronism (too much aldosterone); and pheochromocytoma (a rare tumor that causes oversecretion of hormones like adrenaline) Kidney disease, which may include polycystic kidney disease, kidney tumor, kidney failure, or a narrow or blocked main artery supplying the kidney Drugs such as corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory drugs like prednisone), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( Motrin, Aleve, Naprosyn, Celebrex), weight loss drugs (such as phentermine), cold medications that include decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, birth control pills (the estrogen component), and migraine medications (such as Imitrex). Sleep apnea, a condition in which a person has brief spells in which he or she stops breathing during sleep; about half of patients with this condition have high blood pressure. Coarctation of the aorta, a birth defect in which the aorta is narrowed Preeclampsia, a condition related to pregnancy Thyroid and parathyroid problems After you are diagnosed with hypertension, your doctor may perform other tests such as blood and urine screening to make sure you don't have secondary hypertension.
Question: How is secondary hypertension treated?
Answer: Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is less common and is the result of another condition, such as: Disorders of the adrenal gland (small organs, located above the kidneys, that create hormones), including Cushing's syndrome (a condition caused by an overproduction of cortisol); hyperaldosteronism (too much aldosterone); and pheochromocytoma (a rare tumor that causes oversecretion of hormones like adrenaline) Kidney disease, which may include polycystic kidney disease, kidney tumor, kidney failure, or a narrow or blocked main artery supplying the kidney Drugs such as corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory drugs like prednisone), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( Motrin, Aleve, Naprosyn, Celebrex), weight loss drugs (such as phentermine), cold medications that include decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, birth control pills (the estrogen component), and migraine medications (such as Imitrex). In order to treat secondary hypertension, your doctor will address the condition or disorder that is causing the hypertension (adrenal gland disorder, kidney disease, sleep apnea, etc.) Your doctor may also choose to treat you with antihypertensive drug therapy, in addition to addressing the underlying health issues. If you have secondary hypertension that is caused by a drug, your doctor may suggest that you stop taking or decrease the dose of the drug.
Question: What should you expect in a dilated eye exam for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Dilated eye exam: Drops will be put on your eye to enlarge your pupil. That'll give your doctor a look at your retina, macula, and optic nerve at the back of your eye. It's a good way to find things like a macula hole or detached retina. VMA can cause both of those. This painless procedure also shows problems with blood vessels, like swelling or leaking. Because your pupils are dilated, your vision will be blurry for several hours afterward. You may need someone to drive you home from your appointment. If you wear contact lenses, you'll need to remove them before the test.
Question: What should you expect in an optical coherence tomography for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Optical coherence tomography: This gives your doctor a 3- D view of the cell layers inside the retina. It uses light to take pictures of the back of your eye. It shows the thickness of the retina and can also show swelling in the macula. This test can also see how well you are healing after treatment for VMA. Like with the fluorescein angiogram, you may have your pupils dilated and will sit with your head motionless on a special chin rest.
Question: What should you expect in an Amsler grid for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Amsler grid: This examines your central vision. You'll be asked to look at a dot in the middle of a grid. If you have blurred or distorted central vision, the grid will appear fuzzy or misshapen. If it does, that means there's a problem with your macula, a tiny portion of the retina that picks up details. Vitreomacular adhesion can cause swelling or a change in the shape of your macula. All of these can affect your vision.
Question: What should you expect in a fluorescein angiogram for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Fluorescein angiogram: Your eye doctor may want to give you this after a dilated eye exam. It's a more detailed look at the blood vessels in your eyes. You'll be given eye drops to dilate your pupil in this test. You'll put your head on a chin rest so it stays still. Dye that glows green under a fluorescent light will be injected in your arm. A camera takes pictures as the dye travels through the blood vessels in your retina. It shows the doctor any damage there. The test can be done in your eye doctor's office. It can also rule out things like age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The test is safe, but you may have nausea and a warm feeling when the dye is put in. You should also expect your skin to turn a bit yellow. Your pee may become a darker, orange color for a day or two after the test. Like what happened with the dilated eye exam, your vision will be blurry for hours afterward. You'll need to someone to drive you home.
Question: What should you expect in a visual acuity test for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Visual acuity test: This will happen first. It's the standard eye chart with letters that get smaller as you go down the rows. You'll be asked to read the smallest line of letters you can see with one eye, then the other. This will tell your doctor how much vision you've lost since your last eye exam.
Question: What should you expect when testing for vitreomacular adhesion?
Answer: Vitreomacular adhesion can cause swelling or a change in the shape of your macula. That'll give your doctor a look at your retina, macula, and optic nerve at the back of your eye. VMA can cause both of those.
Question: What is the treatment for jellyfish sting?
Answer: Harmful jellyfish have stingers (nematocysts) capable of piercing the skin. Apply shaving cream or a paste of baking soda or mud to the wound. Shave the area with a razor or knife and then reapply vinegar or alcohol. Eye stings should be irrigated with 1 gallon of fresh water.
Question: What are symptoms of jellyfish sting?
Answer: Harmful jellyfish have stingers (nematocysts) capable of piercing the skin. The progressive effects of a jellyfish sting may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lymph node swelling, abdominal and back pain, fever, chills, and sweating. Severe reactions can cause difficulty breathing, coma, and death. Severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing and intense pain, require immediate medical treatment.
Question: What do you need to know about jellyfish sting?
Answer: Jellyfish are free-swimming, bell-shaped, gelatinous creatures with tentacles that may be more than 3 feet in length. Jellyfish that are harmful to humans are distributed throughout the world. Other creatures with nematocysts include Portuguese man-of-war, sea wasps, anemones, and fire corals. Venoms include various substances, some of which trigger allergic reactions. The most toxic nematocystic animals are found along the Indo- Pacific and Australian waters.
Question: What is hiatal hernia?
Answer: If the hiatus weakens and stretches, part of the stomach can squeeze into the chest cavity, producing a hiatal hernia.
Question: What is sliding hiatal hernia?
Answer: In a sliding hiatal hernia, the junction where the stomach and the esophagus meets slides up into the chest through the hiatus. This is the more common type of hernia. Generally, sliding hiatal hernias pose no threat to a person's health unless he or she develops symptoms of GERD, gastrointestinal reflux disease.
Question: What is paraesophageal hernias?
Answer: Paraesophageal hernias are less common but are more cause for concern. The junction of the esophagus and stomach stays in its normal locations, but part of the stomach squeezes through the hiatus, landing it next to the esophagus. Although you can have this type of hernia without any symptoms, the danger is that the stomach can become "strangled," or have its blood supply shut off.
Question: What causes hiatal hernia?
Answer: If the hiatus weakens and stretches, part of the stomach can squeeze into the chest cavity, producing a hiatal hernia. Most of the time, the cause of a hiatal hernia is not known. Some people develop a hiatal hernia after sustaining an injury to the chest or abdomen; others are born with a predisposition to the condition. Some experts suspect that increased pressure in the abdomen from coughing, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy and delivery, or substantial weight gain may contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia.
Question: Where can I find an endocrinologist?
Answer: An endocrinologist can work in: A medical practice with other endocrinologists A group with different kinds of doctors Hospitals You can search for one on the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists website.
Question: How often should I see my endocrinologist if I have diabetes?
Answer: If you take insulin, you should probably see your diabetes doctor every 3 or 4 months. Otherwise, you can go a little longer between visits, every 4 to 6 months. You may have to go more often when your diabetes isn't under control, you have complications, or you have new symptoms or they get worse.
Question: What do endocrinologists do?
Answer: They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.
Question: What is a pediatric endocrinologist?
Answer: They may work with adults or kids. When they specialize in treating children, they're called pediatric endocrinologists.
Question: When should someone see an endocrinologist for diabetes?
Answer: You take a lot of shots or use an insulin pump. Your diabetes has gotten tough to manage, or your treatment isn't working. You have complications from diabetes. You can always ask to go to an endocrinologist, too, even though your doctor doesn't suggest it first. When you see one, you'll still need to visit your primary doctor as well. They'll work together. Your endocrinologist will ask you about how you feel, what you're doing to manage your diabetes, and any trouble you're having.
Question: What will the endocrinologist want to know about a diabetes patient?
Answer: Symptoms Eating differently Working out more or less Been sick lately Started taking any medicines, vitamins, or supplements Chances are they'll want to check your blood pressure and your feet and test your blood glucose, urine, and cholesterol.
Question: How are endocrinologists trained?
Answer: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.
Question: How do you become an endocrinologist?
Answer: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.
Question: How can someone find an endocrinologist?
Answer: Some don't see patients. They may work in universities or medical schools, where they teach medical students and residents or do research. Take your blood glucose journal or logs with you, and let your endocrinologist know what's been going on with you.
Question: Who are endocrinologists?
Answer: They deal with metabolism, or all the biochemical processes that make your body work, including how your body changes food into energy and how it grows. They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.
Question: Is maintaining a healthy weight important for a child after an organ transplant?
Answer: Help your child keep a healthy weight. Children may gain weight after a transplant, just like adults. Since being overweight can pose special risks to kids with transplants, don't ignore it. Talk to your healthcare team about getting on a new meal and exercise plan.
Question: How much responsibility should I give my child over their medical care after an organ transplant?
Answer: As your kids get older, you have to give them more control over their health. Like it or not, your child will take charge of his or her medicine at some point. Letting go of something so important can be scary for any parent. Try to head off problems by talking openly. Think about ways that you can gradually give over some control. Involve your child's health care team in the process. Showing your child that you trust him or her can encourage your child to behave responsibly.
Question: How can I keep myself healthy if my child has recently had an organ transplant?
Answer: Caring for a sick child can be exhausting, frustrating, and frightening. You need to give yourself a break sometimes. If you don't, you'll be too frazzled to help much, anyway. Have a network of friends and family that you can talk to when you need help. Get one of them to take care of your child every once and awhile. Take an afternoon off or a night out. Just a little time away can make a difference.
Question: What can I do if my child feels alone after having an organ transplant?
Answer: Even though thousands of children in the U. S. get transplants every year, your child may feel alone and strange. So help your child meet some other kids in his or her position. For instance, look into special summer camps for kids who have had transplants.
Question: What are signs that I should call my doctor if my child recently had an organ transplant?
Answer: You should teach your older children what side effects and signs of rejection to look out for. But it can be tricky with very young children who can't speak for themselves. In babies, the only outward signs you might see are fussiness and changes in eating. If you have any doubt, err on the side of caution.
Question: How can staying positive help my child after an organ transplant?
Answer: So stay optimistic, both for your own sake and your child's. Remember, children take their cues from adults. If you seem afraid or anxious, your child will, too. Stay organized. So before you run into problems, talk openly with your child about these risks.
Question: How can honesty help my child cope with an organ transplant?
Answer: She or he will be frightened if no one explains what's happening. Talk about why a transplant was needed and explain what the medicines do. As your child gets older, go into more detail. But unless his doctor has a problem with it, think again.
Question: How can I stay organized after my child's organ transplant?
Answer: You have to learn the names of a dizzying number of medications and keep your child on a complicated dosing schedule. Schedule and keep regular checkups. Have a network of friends and family that you can talk to when you need help.
Question: How can I help my child return to school after an organ transplant?
Answer: As your child gets older, go into more detail. Going back to school after an organ transplant can be tough. Your child may have been away for a long time. So be there for your child. Work with your transplant team. Talk to your child's teacher. Encourage your child to reach out to friends. Talking about the experience can help a lot.