anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is urge incontinence?
Answer: While urge incontinence is sometimes referred to as "overactive bladder," that condition is slightly different; people with an overactive bladder feel an urge to urinate but don't necessarily leak urine. To practice timed voiding, you use a chart to record the times that you urinate and when you leak urine.
Question: How can you prevent  the dehydration that rotavirus can bring to your child?
Answer: During that time, give your child plenty of fluids to offset dehydration, including: Water Broth Ginger ale, or clear sodas Ice chips Bland foods, such as crackers, are best.
Question: Is there a cure for rotavirus?
Answer: While there are medications to help with the symptoms, there is no medicine that can cure rotavirus.
Question: What foods should my child avoid if they have rotavirus?
Answer: During that time, give your child plenty of fluids to offset dehydration, including: Water Broth Ginger ale, or clear sodas Ice chips Bland foods, such as crackers, are best. Steer clear of apple juice, milk, cheese, sugary foods, and anything else that might increase vomiting or diarrhea.
Question: What are symptoms of rotavirus?
Answer: It usually starts with a fever, vomiting, and stomach pain, which fades just as diarrhea begins. As the virus works its way through your child's system, the diarrhea can hang on for 5 to 7 days. Adults often have similar symptoms, but they tend to be less severe.
Question: How can rotavirus cause dehydration?
Answer: Check in with your doctor if your child has the following symptoms: Lethargy and drinking less fluids Frequent vomiting Stools that are black or contain blood or pus Any temperature in a baby younger than 6 months A temperature for more than 24 hours, if your child is older than 6 months With all the vomiting and diarrhea, your child may not feel like eating or drinking. This can cause your child to get dehydrated, which might even become life-threatening and require him being put in the hospital. Older adults, especially those with other illnesses or conditions, might also get dehydrated.
Question: How does rotavirus spread?
Answer: If your child has rotavirus, it's present in their poop before symptoms start and up to 10 days after they taper off. During that time, when your child wipes after using the toilet, rotavirus can spread to his hands. If he doesn't wash his hands, the virus can spread to everything he touches, including things such as: Crayons and markers Food Surfaces such as sinks and kitchen counters Toys, including shared electronics such as i Pads and remote controls Utensils Water If you touch your child's unwashed hands or any object he's contaminated and then touch your mouth, you can be infected as well.
Question: How much protein should you get if you have prostate cancer?
Answer: The side effects of cancer treatment are often made worse if you are not eating enough or if you are not eating the right foods. The current recommended daily allowance ( RDA) for protein needs are 0.36 grams of protein per pound of body weigh. Example: A 150-pound person needs 54 grams of protein per day. Cancer stresses the body and you may need more protein while undergoing treatment.
Question: How can a dietitian help if you have prostate cancer?
Answer: Make sure you are getting enough vitamins. A registered dietitian can provide suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes).
Question: What serious side effects of fluoroquinolones have been reported?
Answer: Serious side effects reported to the FDA include an increase in ruptures or tears in the aorta, which is the main artery in the body, significant drops in blood sugar levels, ruptured tendons, pain, âpins and needlesâ sensations, and depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide and other mental health issues. About half of the patients who had serious side effects from fluoroquinolones said the side effects began after the first or second dose. Most patients reported: Long-term pain Pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness Symptoms affecting tendons, muscles, and joints, including swelling, pain, and tendon rupture Symptoms that lasted longer than a year Depression, anxiety or other changes in mental health Sensation changes or nerve damage in hands, feet, arms, or legs Dramatic impact on quality of life such as job loss, financial problems, and increased family tension Since most patients reported symptoms lasting longer than a year, it is possible that some of these effects will be permanent.
Question: What are the risks of fluoroquinolones and when are they not worth the benefit?
Answer: However, some people who take these medicines may develop disabling and potentially permanent side effects of the tendons, muscles, joints, nerves, and central nervous system. A person can experience more than one of these side effects at the same time. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) advises against using fluoroquinolone antibiotics for the treatment of three common infections: acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, and urinary tract infections ( UTI) without complications. The agency made this decision because the chances of serious side effects outweigh the benefits for most people.
Question: How long do side effects of fluoroquinolones last?
Answer: Most patients reported: Long-term pain Pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness Symptoms affecting tendons, muscles, and joints, including swelling, pain, and tendon rupture Symptoms that lasted longer than a year Depression, anxiety or other changes in mental health Sensation changes or nerve damage in hands, feet, arms, or legs Dramatic impact on quality of life such as job loss, financial problems, and increased family tension Since most patients reported symptoms lasting longer than a year, it is possible that some of these effects will be permanent. If you have side effects while on a medication, you can file a report with the FDA's Med Watch program.
Question: When is it okay to use fluoroquinolones, according to the FDA?
Answer: The FDA says it's OK use fluoroquinolones for other serious infections or for patients who have no other choice of treatment. This might include patients with allergies to other antibiotics or infections caused by hard-to treat, resistant bacteria.
Question: Have changes been made to warnings on fluoroquinolones labels?
Answer: The FDA approved changes to the labels and medication guides of fluoroquinolones taken by mouth or by injection based on patient reports of side effects. The FDA revised the boxed warning, the agency's strongest, to address these serious safety issues, and updated the patient medication guide. The medication guide is a paper handout that comes with many prescription medicines.
Question: What are fluoroquinolones?
Answer: The fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin ( Cipro), gemifloxacin ( Factive), levofloxacin ( Levaquin), moxifloxacin ( Avelox), and ofloxacin ( Floxin). This might include patients with allergies to other antibiotics or infections caused by hard-to treat, resistant bacteria.
Question: When do foods help fight the flu?
Answer: Even when you aren't sick, you need protein to keep your body strong. Your body uses it to build strength and keep what you already have. Lean meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dairy, eggs, nuts, and seeds are good sources. The FDA says adults should eat 50 grams of protein a day (but can vary depending on an individual's caloric needs). Pregnant and nursing women need more. Foods that have it provide nutrients like vitamins B6 and B12, both of which keep your immune system working like it should.
Question: What should you eat if you are nauseous?
Answer: Bland foods -- like toast, rice, bananas, and applesauce -- are good. Experts say you can go back to a normal diet within 24 hours if you feel like it.
Question: Is chicken soup good for the flu?
Answer: It's a must for cold-like symptoms. One lab study suggested that chicken soup has properties that can ease flu symptoms in your chest and head. A well-nourished immune system is better able to fight infections.
Question: Does food make congestion better or worse?
Answer: If this happens to you, avoid dairy for a few days. They may also make nausea and vomiting worse.
Question: What foods have vitamin B6 and vitamin B12?
Answer: These minerals are found in protein-rich foods like beans, nuts, meat, and poultry.
Question: What are flavonoids and do they help if you are sick?
Answer: Research shows that flavonoids found in the soft white skin of citrus fruits -- like grapefruit, oranges, lemons, and limes -- may boost your immune system.
Question: What is glutathione and does it help if you are sick?
Answer: Glutathione may strengthen your immune system so it can fight off infections. You'll find this powerful antioxidant in the red, pulpy area of a watermelon near the rind. It's also in kale, collard greens, broccoli, and cabbage.
Question: What minerals are good to ingest when you are sick?
Answer: Lean meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dairy, eggs, nuts, and seeds are good sources. Foods that have it provide nutrients like vitamins B6 and B12, both of which keep your immune system working like it should.
Question: What should you drink if you have nausea?
Answer: Your body uses it to build strength and keep what you already have. You can try chipped ice, juices, sports drinks, ginger ale, clear broths, gelatin, and ice pops. Start with small amounts, like 4 to 8 ounces at a time for adults and 1 ounce or less at a time for children. Only use clear liquids (clear broth, juice, lemon-lime soda). If you're not sure if it's clear, pour it in a clear glass bowl and try to read something through it. If you can't see the letters, it isn't clear.
Question: Why does nicotine lower blood sugar?
Answer: When they can't, the glucose stays in your blood, and your blood sugar level goes up.
Question: Does quitting smoking help insulin resistance?
Answer: Other ways of getting nicotine can raise your blood glucose, too: Passive smoking, or secondhand smoke (breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes) Chewing tobacco (dip, pinch, chew) Nicotine gum Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, vaping) Your insulin resistance might get a little bit worse if you gain weight in the first few weeks after you stop using nicotine -- but stick with it. By the end of the second month, insulin will begin to work better. If you don't already have diabetes, you may be more likely to get type 2 after you quit. The chance of getting it is highest for the first 2 years. That's usually because you've gained weight, so talk to your doctor about ways to avoid putting on pounds. After 2 years, the chances begins to drop, and by 12 years, you'll be on a level playing field with someone who never smoked.
Question: What are other ways of getting nicotine?
Answer: Other ways of getting nicotine can raise your blood glucose, too: Passive smoking, or secondhand smoke (breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes) Chewing tobacco (dip, pinch, chew) Nicotine gum Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, vaping) Your insulin resistance might get a little bit worse if you gain weight in the first few weeks after you stop using nicotine -- but stick with it.
Question: Can nicotine lead to insulin resistance?
Answer: Nicotine changes chemical processes in your cells so they don't respond to insulin and let it in, a condition called insulin resistance. Nicotine can also trigger your body to make more triglycerides, a type of fat linked to insulin resistance. And nicotine raises levels of hormones that fight insulin.
Question: Why is low blood sugar bad for you?
Answer: Nicotine can make your blood sugar level go up or down. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.
Question: How does smoking affect insulin resistance?
Answer: Your cells need insulin so they can take glucose out of your blood and use it for energy. You could have signs of insulin resistance just an hour later. Studies show that people who have diabetes and smoke need larger doses of insulin to control their blood glucose. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.
Question: Can nicotine affect blood sugar?
Answer: The chemical alters the way your body can use glucose, the sugar in your blood that fuels your cells. It could raise your odds of getting type 2 diabetes, and it can make your diabetes worse. On the flip side, nicotine may cause severe low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) for people who have diabetes and take insulin. When they can't, the glucose stays in your blood, and your blood sugar level goes up.
Question: Who has high HDL cholesterol levels?
Answer: On the positive side, vigorous exercisers -- such as long-distance runners -- tend to have high HDL cholesterol levels. Before menopause, women tend to have higher HDL cholesterol than men their age.
Question: Why is the amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream important?
Answer: There are four different types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol in the blood: High density lipoprotein ( HDL) or "good cholesterol" Low density lipoprotein ( LDL) or "bad cholesterol" Very low density lipoproteins ( VLDL), which are very bad forms of cholesterol Chylomicrons, which carry very little cholesterol but a lot of another fat called triglycerides The amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream is important because of its role in various cardiovascular diseases. The risk of getting these conditions is complex and depends not only on how much cholesterol but also what kind of cholesterol you have in your blood. Generally speaking, high levels of LDL -- the "bad cholesterol" -- are associated with a higher chance of coronary heart disease; high levels of HDL -- or "good cholesterol" -- are associated with a lower chance.
Question: Why is LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol bad?
Answer: LDL cholesterol collects in the walls of arteries, leading to "hardening of the arteries" or atherosclerosis. People with atherosclerosis are in turn vulnerable to heart failure, heart attack, stroke, and other problems caused by clogged blood vessels. Even so, some people who have high LDL cholesterol never get heart disease, and many heart attack patients do not have high cholesterol levels.
Question: What causes cholesterol levels to increase?
Answer: Cholesterol levels can increase with: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugar Obesity A sedentary lifestyle Since no one can predict which people with high cholesterol will develop heart disease, play it safe and keep your cholesterol levels in check.
Question: Who develops cholesterol problems?
Answer: Most of your body's fat is triglycerides. Some families are genetically blessed with low total cholesterol or high levels of HDL ("good cholesterol"), regardless of diet or lifestyle. Other families inherit genes that increase their risk for high cholesterol. In these people, eating a diet high in saturated fat can significantly raise cholesterol levels. Stress can also raise blood cholesterol levels, especially since stress can lead to poor eating habits that may increase cholesterol intake.
Question: What are anti-angiogenesis drugs for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Cancer cells need blood vessels to "feed" them oxygen-rich blood so they can grow and survive. Bevacizumab ( Avastin), ramucirumab ( Cyramza), and ziv-aflibercept ( Zaltrap) block a protein called VEGF, which helps blood vessels grow. Without a blood supply, the tumors "starve." You may get these drugs along with chemo.
Question: What are EGFR inhibitors in stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Cetuximab ( Erbitux) and panitumumab ( Vectibix) slow cancer growth by blocking a protein called EGFR that helps cancer cells grow. These drugs don't work well in cancers that have changes (mutations) to a gene called RAS. Your doctor will test you to make sure you don't have the RAS gene change before you get one of these drugs.
Question: What are the side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Side effects depend on which drug you get. They can include: Loss of appetite Fatigue Diarrhea Weight loss Dry mouth Sores in the mouth or throat Rash Weakness Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Serious side effects are rare.
Question: What are immune checkpoint inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) block PD-1 protein on immune cells called T cells. They help shrink and stop the growth of tumors.
Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. You may get more than one of them. Sometimes, doctors combine chemo with targeted therapy (see below). Chemo drugs can cause side effects like: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Numbness, tingling, and weakness from nerve damage in your feet and hands Mouth sores More infections than usual You've probably heard of people losing their hair when they get chemotherapy.
Question: When would stage IV colon cancer patients get chemotherapy?
Answer: You may get chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors so they're easier to remove. Chemo is sometimes given after surgery to destroy any cancer cells left behind. You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery.
Question: What are the side effects of ablation or cryotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread.
Question: What are targeted therapies for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread. They slow or stop cancer growth while sparing healthy cells. This means you may have fewer side effects than you would with chemo drugs.
Question: What are the side effects of radiation?
Answer: Radiation can have side effects such as: Fatigue Skin redness Diarrhea Bloody stools These side effects should stop once your treatment ends.
Question: What happens after the cancerous part of the colon is removed?
Answer: After removing the part of your colon that has cancer, your surgeon may sew the ends of your intestines together so that stool can continue to pass through. You might get a colostomy, which attaches the end of your colon to an opening in your belly, where waste will leave your body. Some people only need to use a pouch while they heal from surgery. Once the colostomy is removed, you can use the bathroom normally again.
Question: How soon can someone go home after receiving ablation or cryotherapy?
Answer: Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste.
Question: What treatments are best for stage IV colon cancer?
Answer: Which treatment you get depends on where in your body the cancer has spread. It often spreads to the liver. It also can reach the lungs, lining of the abdomen, or lymph nodes in other parts of your body. You'll get the treatment that's most likely to work for you.
Question: How often does chemotherapy make the hair of stage IV colon cancer patients fall out?
Answer: But the types of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer usually don't make hair fall out. Your doctor has ways to help you manage chemo side effects and feel better during treatment. Side effects should improve once you finish treatment.
Question: What are the serious side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: They can include: Slow wound healing Severe bleeding or bruising A hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine Your doctor may suggest you try: Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Question: How often do stage IV colon cancer patients receive radiation?
Answer: You'll get radiation therapy 5 days a week for a certain number of weeks. For this treatment, you'll visit your doctor's office or a hospital. A machine will aim the X-rays at your body. This is called external-beam radiation therapy. There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body.
Question: What is stereotactic radiation therapy?
Answer: There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body. It targets a small area, like an area in the lung or liver where the disease has spread.
Question: What happens after surgery for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: If there isn't enough colon left, the end of your small intestine will be attached to the opening. This is called an ileostomy. Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste. After surgery, you might be in some pain. Some people have bowel problems like constipation or diarrhea. These side effects often go away. It might take a few weeks or months for your bowel habits to get back to normal after surgery. If the tumor blocks your colon, the surgeon could put in a tube called a stent to keep the bowel open. You'll get that stent put in during a colonoscopy.
Question: What is brachytherapy?
Answer: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Question: What will the surgeon remove during stage IV colon cancer surgery?
Answer: Your surgeon will remove the part of your colon, liver, or lungs where the cancer is. She will also remove nearby lymph nodes, because cancer can spread through them to other parts of your body.
Question: When is surgery used for stage IV colon cancer?
Answer: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. These treatments often can be used if your cancer has spread to the liver.
Question: What is radiation?
Answer: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Question: What are kinase inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: Kinase inhibitors. To get a targeted therapy, you will visit a hospital or medical center once every 2 to 3 weeks. You take some of these drugs through your vein, but one comes in the form of a pill.
Question: What are clinical trials for stage IV colon cancer patients?
Answer: There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
Question: What is hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy?
Answer: You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery. Your doctor places a pump that delivers the chemo drug straight into your liver through an artery. Because the medicine doesn't go through your whole body -- just into your liver -- you can get a higher dose without having more side effects.
Question: What is the difference between ablation and cryotherapy?
Answer: Surgery sometimes can be used if the cancer has spread to your liver or lungs. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. A CT or ultrasound scan will help your surgeon guide a thin probe to the tumor. The probe delivers high-energy radio waves to heat the tumor or very cold gas to freeze it.
Question: What can nasal polyps lead to?
Answer: Nasal polyps make you more likely to have long-term (chronic) sinusitis. Large ones can even change the shape of your nose.
Question: Who typically gets nasal polyps?
Answer: Anyone can, but they're most common in adults over age 40 and are twice as likely to affect men as women. Children under age 10 rarely get them. If they do, a doctor will check for signs of cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps are linked to allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin allergy, sinus infections, acute and chronic infections, something stuck in the nose, and cystic fibrosis. But many times the cause is unknown. Sometimes, people get them before they develop asthma or sinusitis. Some experts think that symptoms of allergies -- including runny nose, sneezing, and itching -- make some people more likely to get nasal polyps.