anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are symptoms of heat cramps?
Answer: Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.
Question: How can you prevent heat cramps?
Answer: If you work in a hot environment, you may experience heat cramps during the first few days on the job. Once you get used to the environment, and make sure you have adequate fluid replacement, you are less likely to have problems.
Question: How are heat cramps treated?
Answer: The doctor will check you for more severe heat illness and possibly provide you with IV fluid rehydration.
Question: What are heat cramps?
Answer: Heat cramps can occur during exercise or work in a hot environment or begin a few hours later. Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.
Question: What are your treatment options for a meniscus tear?
Answer: Treatment for a meniscus tear will depend on its size, what kind it is, and where it's located within the cartilage. Most likely, your doctor will recommend that you rest, use pain relievers, and apply ice to you knee to keep the swelling down. He may also suggest physical therapy. This will help to strengthen the muscles around your knee and keep it stable. If these treatments don't work -- or if your injury is severe -- he might recommend surgery. To be sure, your doctor will probably have an MRI done. And he might look at the tear with an arthroscope. That's a thin tool that has a camera and light at the end. It allows doctors to see inside your joints.
Question: What is recovery like after surgery for meniscus tear?
Answer: You may have to wear a brace or cast to keep your knee stable. You'll likely also have to use crutches for at least a month to keep weight off your knee. Your doctor may recommend physical therapy as part of your recovery. It'll help increase your range of motion and help your knee get stronger. He may also share some exercises you can do at home. If you have a partial or total meniscectomy, you can expect your recovery to take about a month. If your meniscus was repaired, it may take as long as 3 months.
Question: How safe is a meniscus tear repair?
Answer: Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Complications are rare. They may include injury to skin nerves, infections, and knee stiffness. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to help stave off infection. He may also recommend compression stockings to help prevent blood clots.
Question: How might your doctor treat a meniscus tear?
Answer: If these treatments don't work -- or if your injury is severe -- he might recommend surgery. If your doctor's exam shows your meniscus tear is mild ( Grade 1 or 2), you may not need surgery. Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Your doctor will make small cuts in your knee. He'll insert an arthroscope to get a good look at the tear. Then he'll place small devices that look like darts along the tear to stitch it up. Your body will absorb these over time. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Your doctor will remove a piece of the torn meniscus so your knee can function normally. Arthroscopic total meniscectomy. During this procedure, your doctor will remove the whole meniscus.
Question: How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor will ask about your child's symptoms and look at any sores or rashes. This is usually enough to decide if it's hand-foot-and-mouth disease with no extra tests. But he might take a throat swab or a stool or blood sample to be sure.
Question: What is mad cow disease?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE), is a transmissible, slowly progressive, degenerative, and fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of adult cattle. The U. S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA) has tested hundreds of thousands of cattle for BSE.
Question: Can you get mad cow disease from milk?
Answer: Experiments have shown that milk from mad cow-infected cows has not caused infections.
Question: What is the human version of mad cow disease?
Answer: A human version of mad cow disease called variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (v CJD) is believed to be caused by eating beef products contaminated with central nervous system tissue, such as brain and spinal cord, from cattle infected with mad cow disease. For this reason, the USDA requires that all brain and spinal cord materials be removed from high-risk cattle -- older cattle, animals that are unable to walk, and any animal that shows any signs of a neurological problem. These cow products do not enter the U. S. food supply. The USDA believes this practice effectively safeguards U. S. public health from v CJD.
Question: What causes mad cow disease?
Answer: Researchers believe that the infectious agent that causes mad cow disease is an abnormal version of a protein normally found on cell surfaces, called a prion. For reasons still unknown, this protein becomes altered and destroys nervous system tissue -- the brain and spinal cord.
Question: When was the first case of mad cow disease?
Answer: Mad cow disease has been of great concern since 1986, when it was first reported among cattle in the U. K. At its peak in January 1993, almost 1,000 new cases per week were identified. Concern about this disease grew significantly in 1996 when an association between mad cow disease and v CJD in humans was discovered.
Question: What are the symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), also known as the human version of mad cow disease?
Answer: According to the CDC, four deaths from v CJD have been identified in the U. S. However, it's believed those cases were caused by consumption of meat outside the U. S. It is important to clarify the differences between variant CJD and another form of the disease, referred to as classic or sporadic CJD. But only in advanced stages of the disease can brain abnormalities be detected by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). v CJD is fatal, usually within 13 months of the onset of symptoms.
Question: What happens during a mammogram?
Answer: Most mammography technologists are women. A doctor specialized in interpreting imaging studies (radiologist) will interpret the X-rays. You will be asked to stand in front of an X-ray machine. The mammography technologist will place your breast between two radiographic breast supports. The supports will be pressed together, gently flattening the breast. Compression is necessary to obtain the clearest possible picture with the least amount of radiation. You may feel some discomfort or slight pain from this pressure, but it will only last for a few seconds while the X-ray is being taken. Your cooperation for these few seconds is important to get a clear picture. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist performing the exam. To minimize discomfort during compression, you may want to consider scheduling your appointment seven to 10 days after the start of your period, when your breast are least likely to be tender. The breast will be imaged in several positions to enable the radiologist to see all breast tissue adequately. For a routine breast screening, two pictures are taken of each breast. This exam takes about 20 minutes. Many centers also do 3- D mammography. This is similar to regular mammograms but many more pictures of the breast are taken at various angles to produce a 3- D picture for the radiologist to check. After examining the digital images, the radiologist may ask the technologist to obtain additional images or a breast ultrasound for a more precise diagnosis. This is a routine measure.
Question: What is a mammogram?
Answer: Using a digital X-ray machine made especially for breast tissue, a technician compresses the breast and takes pictures from at least two different angles, creating a set of images for each of your breasts. This set of images is called a mammogram. Breast tissue appears white and opaque and fatty tissue appears darker and translucent. In a screening mammogram, the breast is X-rayed from top to bottom and from side to side. A diagnostic mammogram focuses in on a particular lump or area of abnormal tissue.
Question: Why should you get a mammogram?
Answer: Mammography can be your best defense against breast cancer because it can frequently detect the disease in its early stages, often before it can be felt during a breast exam. Research has clearly shown that mammography can increase breast cancer survival.
Question: What happens after a mammogram?
Answer: A diagnostic mammogram focuses in on a particular lump or area of abnormal tissue. You may take aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve the discomfort. Generally, you will be able to resume your usual activities immediately. The results of your mammogram will be given to your doctor, who will discuss with you what the test results could mean and what further tests might be recommended. All mammography facilities are now required to send your results by mail to you within 30 days. You will be contacted within five working days if there is a problem with your mammogram. If you do not hear about your test findings within 10 working days, don't assume your results are normal -- call your doctor to make sure. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one to two mammograms out of every 1,000 lead to a diagnosis of cancer. Approximately 10% of women will require additional mammography. Don't be alarmed if this happens to you. Only 8% to 10% of those women will need a biopsy, and 80% of those biopsies won't be cancer. Those odds may improve with more widespread use of three-dimensional mammography.
Question: How should you prepare for a mammogram?
Answer: No dietary changes are necessary. Take your medicines as usual. Do not wear body powder, cream, deodorant, or lotion on your chest the day of the test. These substances may interfere with the X-rays. At the time of the mammogram, you will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and you will be given a hospital gown to wear. You may want to wear a two-piece outfit the day of the test. You will be asked to remove all jewelry. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist performing the exam.
Question: How can you treat night sweats related to HIV?
Answer: Night sweats: Do you wake up in the middle of the night drenched in sweat? It can be a symptom of HIV itself or other infections (like TB). The sweating will stop when your doctor figures out what's causing the problem and treats it. What else can you do in the meantime?
Question: How can you treat a fever related to HIV?
Answer: Other treatments include: Pain medicine Calamine lotion, colloidal oatmeal baths, or wet compresses to relieve itching Fever: Running a temperature usually means your body is fighting an infection. Your doctor may do some tests to figure out what's causing your fever so he or she can decide how to treat the problem. In addition to following your doctor's advice, do these things to bring down a fever: Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen Use cold compresses Nagging cough: A cough isn't always a sign of something serious.
Question: What's the outlook for treatments of HIV symptoms?
Answer: The symptoms and illnesses described above are likely the result of advanced HIV, which means that the virus has been growing unchecked in your body for months to years. If you're not on ART or you're not taking it exactly as you're supposed to, now is the time to start taking it correctly. These medications will lower the amount of the virus in your blood so your immune system can recover. Even people with uncontrolled HIV can get the right treatment and go on to live a healthy life. Make sure to follow your doctor's advice regarding your HIV medicine and other medicines prescribed for your specific conditions. You may need to change your meds if you can't stand the side effects or if they're not controlling your disease well. But don't stop taking them before you talk to your doctor.
Question: How can you treat weight loss from HIV?
Answer: Weight loss: Shedding pounds without trying is an obvious sign that your HIV may be going in the wrong direction. Untreated HIV itself or infections you get because of it can make you lose weight. Plus, if you're sick, you may not feel like eating. If you lose 10% or more of your body weight (like 15 pounds if you weigh 150 pounds), you could have what's called wasting syndrome. You also have diarrhea, weakness, and fever for about a month. This mostly affects people with advanced HIV. It's important to try to put weight back on. In addition to taking your HIV medications, a few things can help: Talk to a dietitian to make sure your diet is balanced and gives you the calories you need. Build up your muscle mass with workouts like weightlifting or resistance exercises, like pushups, planks, and squats. Try high-protein supplements. ( First, ask your doctor or dietitian if you need them.) Treat infections that may cause diarrhea or loss of appetite. Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help with wasting syndrome, called megestrol acetate ( Megace) and dronabinol ( Marinol).
Question: What should you know about treating HIV symptoms?
Answer: It's possible your HIV isn't under control. That's most likely to happen if you're not on antiretroviral therapy ( ART), medicines that fight the virus. However, it can also happen if you aren't taking ART correctly, or if the drugs aren't working for you. When HIV grows uncontrollably, the amount of virus in your blood goes up and hurts your immune system. It destroys cells called CD4s. Without enough of these, your body has a hard time fighting common infections and other health problems that it could normally handle easily. Call your doctor if you get new symptoms. She can get to the bottom of what's wrong and find ways to help you feel better.
Question: How can you treat painful, blistering rashes related to HIV?
Answer: Painful, blistering rash: It could be shingles if you've ever had chickenpox -- the same virus causes both. Usually, shingles affects people over age 60. But if you have HIV, you can get it even if you're younger. It's important to see your doctor if you think you have shingles. Antiviral medicines can help you get over it more quickly -- but you need to start taking them as soon as possible. Other treatments include: Pain medicine Calamine lotion, colloidal oatmeal baths, or wet compresses to relieve itching Fever: Running a temperature usually means your body is fighting an infection.
Question: How can you treat skin problems related to HIV?
Answer: Skin problems: Dry, itchy skin is a common issue for people whose immune systems are damaged from HIV. Skin infections like impetigo or tinea can be a problem, too. Treatments include: Antifungal or antibacterial creams Steroids and antihistamines Moisturizers Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection that causes small, flesh-colored bumps on the skin. The virus can grow out of control in people with HIV, so see a dermatologist for treatment right away.
Question: How can you treat long-lasting diarrhea related to HIV?
Answer: Long-lasting diarrhea: People with weak immune systems can get infections that cause diarrhea. It can last for a few weeks. Your doctor will do a thorough workup to figure out the problem. To control symptoms, your doctor may suggest: Anti-diarrhea meds to slow down the waste in your intestines and keep you from going as often Soft, easy-to-digest foods like bananas, rice, and potatoes Plenty of water, tea, and other healthy drinks to stay hydrated Let your doctor know if your diarrhea gets worse or you get a fever, vomiting, or pain.
Question: How can you treat a nagging cough related to HIV?
Answer: It's important to see your doctor if you think you have shingles. In addition to following your doctor's advice, do these things to bring down a fever: Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen Use cold compresses Nagging cough: A cough isn't always a sign of something serious. But one that hangs around for weeks can be. People with low CD4 counts are more likely to get a lung infection called pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP). It can cause a dry cough, shortness of breath, and make you feel very tired. People with weak immune systems are more likely to get tuberculosis ( TB). You may bring up lots of phlegm when you cough and have chest pain, fever, and weight loss, too. If tests show that you have TB, you'll need to take antibiotics for several months.
Question: What is the BRAT diet?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The BRAT diet ( Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)was once a staple of most pediatricians' recommendations for children with an upset stomach. The idea was that it gave the gut a chance to rest and reduced the amount of stool produced. Experts now say the BRAT diet may not be the best option for children who are ill. Because BRAT diet foods are low in fiber, protein, and fat, the diet lacks enough nutrition to help a child's gastrointestinal tract recover.
Question: How is sudden confusion treated?
Answer: Doctors will need to figure out the health problem that's causing the symptoms. They'll do an exam and may run blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. They'll also ask questions about the person's: Specific symptoms Daily medications Alcohol and drug use Once doctors can get the cause under control, the confusion usually goes away. It can take hours or days to recover, sometimes longer. In the meantime, some people may need medication to keep them calm and help with their confusion.
Question: How is skier's thumb symptoms treated?
Answer: Apply ice to reduce swelling. Immobilize the thumb with an elastic bandage or brace. Give acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain. Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 19. The health care provider will likely X-ray the person's thumb. A partially torn ligament will typically be immobilized with a splint or cast. A fully torn ligament may require surgery.
Question: How can Kegel exercises help in dealing with urge incontinence?
Answer: Kegel exercises: Kegel exercises, also called pelvic floor exercises, help strengthen the muscles that support the bladder, uterus, and bowels. By strengthening these muscles, you can reduce or prevent problems such as leaking urine.
Question: What is sacral nerve stimulation for urge incontinence?
Answer: Electrical stimulation: Sacral nerve stimulation: An electronic device is implanted in the back through a minimally invasive procedure. The device delivers an electric signal to the sacral nerve. This signal helps to control the bladder muscles and decrease the number of abnormal contractions.
Question: What is hormone therapy for urge incontinence treatment?
Answer: Another drug treatment that may be helpful for some women is hormone therapy, which uses estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone. However, evidence of benefit for urge incontinence has been mixed. In addition, because of the possible risks of hormone therapy -- including a potential increased risk of blood clots and breast cancer -- you should discuss this therapy with your doctor.
Question: What is biofeedback for urge incontinence?
Answer: Here are some techniques that may be helpful: Biofeedback: Biofeedback is a practice that helps you learn how your body normally behaves. When you do, you will know when it is not functioning properly. In the case of urge incontinence, biofeedback can help you recognize when your bladder is overactive.
Question: How do you do Kegels?
Answer: To do Kegel exercises, pretend you are trying to stop the flow of urine (although not when you are urinating, as this may hurt the bladder muscle) or trying not to pass gas. When you do this, you are contracting the muscles of the pelvic floor. While doing these exercises, try not to move your leg, buttock, or abdominal muscles. In fact, no one should be able to tell that you are doing Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises should be done every day, five sets a day. Each time you contract the muscles of the pelvic floor, hold for a slow count of five and then relax. Repeat this 10 times for one set of Kegels.
Question: Why might your bladder have abnormal contractions if you have urge incontinence?
Answer: The bladder may experience abnormal contractions for the following reasons: The bladder may not be functioning properly because its nerves are damaged by various diseases -- for example, diabetes,stroke, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson's disease. The spinal cord may be damaged. The bladder maybe irritated. In many cases, the cause of urge incontinence cannot be identified.
Question: What medications can help control bladder spasms to treat urge incontinence?
Answer: Your health care provider may also recommend other medications that may help control bladder spasms. They include hyoscyamine ( Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Hyosol, Hyospaz, Levbid, Levsin) or dicyclomine ( Antispas, Bentyl, Byclomine, Di- Spaz, Dibent, Or- Tyl, Spasmoject).
Question: Who are at risk for urge incontinence?
Answer: People at greater risk for urge incontinence include: Older adults Women who have had a C-section or other pelvic surgery People who are obese Men who have had prostate surgery or prostate conditions, such as enlarged prostate or prostatitis People who have nerve damage from conditions such as diabetes, stroke, or injury People with certain cancers, including the bladder and prostate People who are suffering from urinary tract infections Being constipated may also put you at risk for urge incontinence.
Question: What are weighted cones for urge incontinence?
Answer: Weighted cones: Another technique that can strengthen the pelvis and bladder muscles is the use of weighted cones. You insert the tampon-shaped cone into the vagina and hold it there by contracting your pelvic muscles. As you do this exercise and these muscles strengthen, the weight of the cone is gradually increased. This will improve your ability to hold urine until you get to a bathroom.
Question: What is the main symptom of urge incontinence?
Answer: The main symptom of urge incontinence is thesudden urge to urinate and the involuntary loss of urine at inappropriate times. For instance, you may leak urine in public or while you are sleeping.
Question: What causes urge incontinence?
Answer: Urge incontinence is caused by abnormal bladder contractions. Normally, strong muscles called sphincters control the flow of urine from the bladder. With urge incontinence, the muscles of an "overactive" bladder contract with enough force to override the sphincter muscles of the urethra, which is the tube that takes urine out of the body.
Question: What is percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for treating urge incontinence?
Answer: Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation: An electric current is applied to the tibial nerve in the region of the patient's ankle. This nerve is thought to affect bladder contraction.
Question: What is bladder training?
Answer: With bladder training, you "stretch out" the intervals at which you go to the bathroom. You do this by waiting a little longer before you go. For instance, to start, you can plan to go to the bathroom once an hour. You follow this pattern for a period of time, and then you change the schedule so that you are going to the bathroom every 90 minutes. Then eventually, you lengthen the interval to every two hours, and so on, until you are up to three or four hours between bathroom visits.