anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can over-the-counter (OTC) drugs cause heart failure?
Answer: Other types of drugs that can bring on heart failure include: Antifungal medications Cancer medications Stimulants Antidepressants Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) inhibitors You may not think twice about taking over-the-counter ( OTC) drugs for minor things like a headache or stuffy nose. But if you're at risk of heart failure, or if you already have it, you might want to limit or avoid some medications. OTC NSAIDs, just like the prescription ones, can make heart failure worse. They can even make it more likely that you'll go to the hospital for heart failure. Watch out for cold medicines. Some have NSAIDs like ibuprofen. Others have sodium or ingredients that can worsen your heart failure or conditions that come along with it. Nasal decongestants often contain drugs that narrow your blood vessels. Look for the word vasoconstrictor on the label. These can cause heart problems when you take more than you should for a long time. Ask your doctor for a list of safe OTC drugs and tips on what to look for on product labels.
Question: What are some precautions for taking natural supplements to prevent heart failure?
Answer: In the meantime: Don't take vitamins or supplements to prevent cardiovascular problems or improve heart failure symptoms. Avoid products that contain ephedra (you may see ephedrine as part of their name). They affect your blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid products that can interact with heart medications, like digoxin and blood thinners. Keep everyone on your health care team in the loop about the drugs and supplements you take.
Question: What are some tips for medications that can cause heart failure?
Answer: Keep everyone on your health care team in the loop about the drugs and supplements you take. This keeps your risk low. It's also a good idea to limit any drugs or supplements you don't need. Some tips: At each doctor visit, provide a list of each drug and supplement you take. Include the dose and how often you take it. Ask your doctor if there are any medications you can limit or stop taking. If you have multiple doctors, ask one to be in charge of your medications. Update her when you get a new prescription or when one of your prescriptions changes. That way you'll know about any increased heart risk before you make a medication change.
Question: How can blood pressure medicine cause heart failure?
Answer: Calcium channel blockers can worsen edema or fluid that stays in your body's tissues. Central agonists (clonidine, moxonidine) cause changes in the way your body releases hormones that affect your heart.
Question: How can natural supplements cause heart failure?
Answer: There's no government regulation of natural supplements, so you can't always be sure the package contains what the label says it does. Some can cause serious risks, especially if you have a health condition. That goes for vitamins, too. They seem harmless because they occur naturally in food. But in pill form, it's a different story. More than 400 IU of vitamin E daily can increase your chances of developing heart failure. Supplements can also interact with other drugs. One natural product may be fine for your neighbor but put your health at risk.
Question: How can prescription drugs cause heart failure?
Answer: Some drugs and natural supplements cause or worsen heart failure because they: Are toxic to your heart Affect the strength of heart muscle contractions Make high blood pressure worse Prevent heart failure medications from working well People with heart failure take an average of 6.8 prescription medicines a day. The more drugs you take, the more likely you are to have a drug-drug interaction. This can put your heart at risk.
Question: How can medications cause heart failure?
Answer: Some drugs and natural supplements cause or worsen heart failure because they: Are toxic to your heart Affect the strength of heart muscle contractions Make high blood pressure worse Prevent heart failure medications from working well People with heart failure take an average of 6.8 prescription medicines a day.
Question: What other types of drugs can cause heart failure?
Answer: Other types of drugs that can bring on heart failure include: Antifungal medications Cancer medications Stimulants Antidepressants Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) inhibitors You may not think twice about taking over-the-counter ( OTC) drugs for minor things like a headache or stuffy nose.
Question: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause heart failure?
Answer: These drugs can raise your risk of heart failure or related problems: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). Prescription NSAIDs include diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and ketorolac. More than 70 million prescriptions are written every year for this type of pain reliever. NSAIDs can boost heart failure odds because they make you retain water and salt, make it harder for your blood to flow, and make it tougher for diuretic drugs (often used to treat high blood pressure) to work.
Question: What is tumor grading relative to invasive breast cancer?
Answer: After surgery to remove the tumor, a doctor will check it and assign a grade to it. The grade depends on how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells when viewed under a microscope. Low-grade cancer cells are similar to normal breast cells. Higher grade breast cancer cells look more different. They show the cancer is more aggressive. The doctor will also test for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. This test will show whether the female hormones -- estrogen and progesterone -- influence the cancer cells. If the test is positive, it means hormones cause the cancer cells to grow. In that case, therapies to suppress or block hormones may help treat the cancer. The cancer will also be tested for a gene called HER2. If it's found, additional drugs like trastuzumab ( Herceptin) can be used. Other tests will see if the cancer has spread from the breast to other areas of the body.
Question: What is the goal of treatment for invasive breast cancer?
Answer: The goal of your treatment is to give you the best possible outcome. Your doctor may use one or a combination of them.
Question: What are the types of invasive breast cancer?
Answer: It can remain localized, which means it stays near the site where the tumor started. Or cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. Invasive lobular carcinoma ( ILC). This type accounts for about 10% of invasive breast cancers. ILC starts in the lobules or milk glands and then spreads. With ILC, most women feel a thickening instead of a lump in their breast. Some women may have a combination of both or a different type of invasive breast cancer.
Question: How may clinical trials help with invasive breast cancer?
Answer: Some women may have a combination of both or a different type of invasive breast cancer. These trials test new drugs or treatment combinations to see if they are safe and if they work. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
Question: What are the signs of invasive breast cancer?
Answer: Women in the U. S. have a 1 in 8 chance of developing an invasive form of breast cancer during their lifetime. Or cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. By doing a regular self-check of your breast, you can become familiar with the normal changes in your breasts.
Question: How likely are women to get invasive breast cancer?
Answer: It can then spread into the nearby lymph nodes and beyond. ILC starts in the lobules or milk glands and then spreads. With ILC, most women feel a thickening instead of a lump in their breast.
Question: What does the treatment for invasive breast cancer include?
Answer: There are effective treatments. They include: Surgery. A lumpectomy is a surgical procedure in which a surgeon removes the cancer and a small area of healthy tissue around it. A mastectomy may be performed after chemotherapy. This procedure removes all of your breast. Chemotherapy. This drug treatment may be done before surgery to shrink the tumor and make the cancer operable. It's also sometimes given after surgery to try to prevent he cancer from coming back. Radiation . Often, radiation treatments are given after chemotherapy and surgery to prevent the cancer from coming back. Hormone therapy. Certain medications may be given if the cancer cells have hormone receptors. Targeted therapy. If the cancer cells have the gene HER2, you may be given drug treatments specifically for that.
Question: What increases the risk of invasive breast cancer?
Answer: There's no way to know if you'll develop an invasive form of breast cancer, but there are things that increase your chances, many of which you can't change. Older women are at higher risk. About 10% of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer are under age 45. Also, you're at higher risk if you're obese, your breasts are dense, you didn't have children, or you became pregnant after the age of 35. Different things will determine the type of breast cancer treatment your doctor recommends, including: Size of the tumor Location of the tumor Results of lab tests done on the cancer cells Stage of the cancer Your age and general health If you've been through menopause Your own feelings about the treatment options Family history Results of tests for a gene mutation that would increase the risk of breast cancer There are many treatments for invasive breast cancer. Women with invasive breast cancer have more promise for a good outcome than ever before.
Question: What is ketamine?
Answer: Others have become associated with drug abuse: Ketamine is an anesthetic widely used in people and animals. It keeps you from feeling pain during surgery or other procedures that can hurt. It can make you feel disconnected from your body or make you see things that aren't there (hallucinate). It's sometimes known as a "club drug." In recent years, scientists have studied whether ketamine can be used to treat depression. Other researchers have looked at whether it can be used to help people with bipolar disorder or brain injuries or if PCP and ketamine could be used to treat schizophrenia.
Question: How can NMDA receptor antagonist drugs help with Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: If you have Alzheimer's disease, your cells can make too much glutamate. When that happens, the nerve cells get too much calcium, and that can speed up damage to them. NMDA receptor antagonists make it harder for glutamate to "dock" -- but they still let important signals flow between cells. Scientists are studying how they can be used against Alzheimer's.
Question: Are there surgical treatments for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: When chronic pain from a spinal compression fracture persists despite rest, activity modification, back bracing, and pain medication, surgery is the next step. Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time.
Question: What is kyphoplasty and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Kyphoplasty: This procedure helps correct the bone deformity and relieves the pain associated with spinal compression fractures. During the procedure: A tube is inserted through a half inch cut in the back into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure the accuracy of the procedure. A thin catheter tube -- with a balloon at the tip -- is guided into the vertebra. The balloon is inflated to create a cavity in which liquid bone cement is injected. The balloon is then deflated and removed, and bone cement is injected into the cavity. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. "
Question: Is spinal fusion surgery used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Spinal fusion surgery is sometimes used for spinal compression fractures to eliminate motion between two vertebrae and relieve pain. The procedure connects two or more vertebrae together, holds them in the correct position, and keeps them from moving until they have a chance to grow together, or fuse.
Question: How are vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. They also use acrylic bone cement that hardens quickly, stabilizing the spinal bone fragments and therefore stabilizing the spine immediately. Most patients go home the same day or after one night's hospital stay.
Question: Are there any drawbacks or side effects of spinal fusion surgery?
Answer: There are drawbacks to spinal fusion surgery. It eliminates the natural movement of the two vertebrae, which limits the person's movement. Also, it puts more stress on vertebrae next to the fusion - increasing the chance of fracture in those vertebrae. Even after healing is complete, patients may need to avoid certain lifting and twisting activities to prevent putting excess stress on the spine. "
Question: Are graft techniques used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: The patient's own bone or bone from a bone bank can be used to create a graft. The patient's own bone marrow or blood platelets -- or a bio-engineered molecule -- can be used to stimulate growth of bone for the procedure.
Question: What occurs during spinal fusion surgery?
Answer: Metal screws are placed through a small tube of bone and into the vertebrae. The screws are attached to metal plates or metal rods that are bolted together in the back of the spine. The hardware holds the vertebrae in place. This stops movement, allowing the vertebrae to fuse. Bone is grafted into the spaces between vertebrae. "
Question: How is vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. They also use acrylic bone cement that hardens quickly, stabilizing the spinal bone fragments and therefore stabilizing the spine immediately. Most patients go home the same day or after one night's hospital stay.
Question: What can be used in spinal fusion surgery for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: The patient's own bone or bone from a bone bank can be used to create a graft. The patient's own bone marrow or blood platelets -- or a bio-engineered molecule -- can be used to stimulate growth of bone for the procedure.
Question: When is spinal fusion surgery used for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Spinal fusion surgery is sometimes used for spinal compression fractures to eliminate motion between two vertebrae and relieve pain. The procedure connects two or more vertebrae together, holds them in the correct position, and keeps them from moving until they have a chance to grow together, or fuse.
Question: What pain medications are used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: A carefully prescribed "cocktail" of pain medications can relieve bone-on-bone, muscle, and nerve pain, explains F. Todd Wetzel, MD, professor of orthopaedics and neurosurgery at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. " If it's prescribed correctly, you can reduce doses of the individual drugs in the cocktail." Over-the-counter pain medications are often sufficient in relieving pain. Two types of non-prescription medications -- acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) -- are recommended. Narcotic pain medications and muscle relaxants are often prescribed for short periods of time, since there is risk of addiction. Antidepressants can also help relieve nerve-related pain.
Question: How can back bracing treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: A back brace provides external support to limit the motion of fractured vertebrae -- much like applying a cast on a broken wrist. The rigid style of a back brace limits spine-related motion significantly, which may help reduce pain. Newer elastic braces and corsets are more comfortable to wear but don't work, says Wetzel. " There's an old saying, ' The inconvenience of the brace is directly proportional to its effectiveness,'" he tells Web MD. However, braces should be used cautiously and only under a doctor's supervision. Weakening and loss of muscle can occur with excessive use of braces for lumbar conditions.
Question: How is spinal fusion surgery done to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Metal screws are placed through a small tube of bone and into the vertebrae. The screws are attached to metal plates or metal rods that are bolted together in the back of the spine. The hardware holds the vertebrae in place. This stops movement, allowing the vertebrae to fuse. Bone is grafted into the spaces between vertebrae. "
Question: What do doctors think about vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for the treatment of spinal compression fractures?
Answer: These procedures are amazing, when you look at how well patients do," says Rex Marco, MD, chief of spine surgery and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. " They're often in terrible, terrible pain, and it's not going away. But with two small incisions we can take care of something that needed a huge operation in the past but without really good results." " We do everything we can to make the operation go as smoothly as possible," says Marco. " Antibiotics decrease the chance of infection. And a special x-ray machine helps us get the needle into the bone and assure that cement goes into the bone and stays in the bone."
Question: What is the treatment for osteoporosis that has caused a spinal compression fracture?
Answer: Osteoporosis treatment.
Question: How can activity modification treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Bed rest may help with acute pain, but it can also lead to further bone loss and worsening osteoporosis, which raises your risk for future compression fractures. Doctors may recommend a short period of bed rest for no more than a few days. However, prolonged inactivity should be avoided.
Question: What is vertebroplasty and how is it used to treat spinal compression?
Answer: This procedure is effective for relieving pain from spinal compression fractures and helping to stabilize the fracture. During this procedure: A needle is inserted into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure that it's done with accuracy. The doctor injects a bone cement mixture into the fractured vertebrae. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. The patient typically goes home the same day or after a one-night hospital stay.
Question: What are the drawbacks of spinal fusion surgery for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: There are drawbacks to spinal fusion surgery. It eliminates the natural movement of the two vertebrae, which limits the person's movement. Also, it puts more stress on vertebrae next to the fusion - increasing the chance of fracture in those vertebrae. Even after healing is complete, patients may need to avoid certain lifting and twisting activities to prevent putting excess stress on the spine. "
Question: How can you recover from spinal compression fractures?
Answer: The majority of fractures heal with pain medication, reduction in activity, medications to stabilize bone density, and a good back brace to minimize motion during the healing process. Most people return to their everyday activities. Some may need further treatment, such as surgery.
Question: How is a vertebroplasty done to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: This procedure is effective for relieving pain from spinal compression fractures and helping to stabilize the fracture. During this procedure: A needle is inserted into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure that it's done with accuracy. The doctor injects a bone cement mixture into the fractured vertebrae. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. The patient typically goes home the same day or after a one-night hospital stay.
Question: What do doctors say about spinal fusion surgery for treating spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Spinal fusion is often the last resort," Wetzel tells Web MD. " If the bone is more than 50% compressed in height, if patients are in a great deal of pain, and if they have had complications from another spinal surgery, we suggest spinal fusion surgery."
Question: Are there nonsurgical treatment options for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: But the pain usually improves significantly in a matter of days or weeks. Pain management may include analgesic pain medicines, bed rest, back bracing, and physical activity. " We do everything we can to make the operation go as smoothly as possible," says Marco. "
Question: Are vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: But with two small incisions we can take care of something that needed a huge operation in the past but without really good results." And a special x-ray machine helps us get the needle into the bone and assure that cement goes into the bone and stays in the bone."
Question: Is osteoporosis treatment used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Some may need further treatment, such as surgery. This is a critical part of treatment to help prevent further compression fractures.
Question: Is back bracing used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: A back brace provides external support to limit the motion of fractured vertebrae -- much like applying a cast on a broken wrist. The rigid style of a back brace limits spine-related motion significantly, which may help reduce pain. However, braces should be used cautiously and only under a doctor's supervision. Weakening and loss of muscle can occur with excessive use of braces for lumbar conditions.
Question: What is the surgical treatment for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: Activity modification. Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time.
Question: What are some non-surgical treatments for spinal compression fractures?
Answer: But the pain usually improves significantly in a matter of days or weeks. Pain management may include analgesic pain medicines, bed rest, back bracing, and physical activity. " We do everything we can to make the operation go as smoothly as possible," says Marco. "
Question: Do the majority of spinal compression fractures heal quickly?
Answer: Some may need further treatment, such as surgery. Pain medications.
Question: Is activity modification used to treat spinal compression fractures?
Answer: If osteoporosis has caused a spinal compression fracture, the treatment should address the pain, the fracture, and the underlying osteoporosis to prevent future fractures. Doctors may recommend a short period of bed rest for no more than a few days. However, prolonged inactivity should be avoided.
Question: How often should I see an eye doctor if I have diabetes?
Answer: Here are more tips to prevent diabetic retinopathy: Make sure you see an eye doctor at least once a year for a complete eye exam. If you have diabetes and are pregnant, have a thorough eye exam during your first trimester. Follow up with your eye doctor during pregnancy. Tell your eye doctor if you develop gestational diabetes.
Question: What are symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: It's the leading cause of blindness for all adults in the U. S. You might not have any signs of diabetic retinopathy until it becomes serious. When you do have symptoms, you might notice: Loss of central vision, which is used when you read or drive Not being able to see colors Blurry vision Holes or black spots in your vision Floaters, or small spots in your vision caused by bleeding If your blood glucose level (blood sugar) is too high for too long, it blocks off the small blood vessels that keep your retina healthy. Your doctor will tell you if any of these treatments are right for you.