anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the signs that a person may be engaging in self-injury?
Answer: The symptoms of self-injury include: Frequent cuts and burns that cannot be explained Self-punching or scratching Needle sticking Head banging Eye pressing Finger or arm biting Pulling out one's hair Picking at one's skin Signs that an individual may be engaging in self-injury include: Wearing of pants and long sleeves in warm weather The appearance of lighters, razors, or sharp objects that one would not expect among a person's belongings Low self-esteem Difficulty handling feelings Relationship problems Poor functioning at work, school, or home If an individual shows signs of self-injury, a mental health professional with self-injury expertise should be consulted.
Question: When should you see your doctor about heartburn while pregnant?
Answer: Or place pillows under your shoulders to help prevent stomach acids from rising into your esophagus. Ask your doctor about using over-the-counter medications such as Tums or Maalox, which are generally safe to use during pregnancy.
Question: How are heartburn and pregnancy linked?
Answer: More than half of all pregnant women report symptoms of severe heartburn, particularly during their second and third trimesters. Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is an irritation or burning sensation of the esophagus caused by stomach contents that reflux (comes back up) from the stomach.
Question: How can you reduce heartburn during pregnancy?
Answer: To reduce heartburn during pregnancy without hurting your baby, you should try the following: Eat several small meals each day instead of three large ones. Eat slowly. Avoid fried, spicy, or rich (fatty) foods or any foods that seem to cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of heartburn. Drink less while eating. Drinking large amounts while eating may increase the risk of acid reflux and heartburn. Don't lie down directly after eating. Keep the head of your bed higher than the foot of your bed. Or place pillows under your shoulders to help prevent stomach acids from rising into your esophagus. Ask your doctor about using over-the-counter medications such as Tums or Maalox, which are generally safe to use during pregnancy. You may find that liquid heartburn relievers are more effective in treating heartburn, because they coat the esophagus. Wear loose-fitting clothing. Tight-fitting clothes can increase the pressure on your stomach and abdomen. Avoid constipation.
Question: What causes heartburn in pregnancy?
Answer: Pregnancy hormones can cause the lower esophageal sphincter (the muscular valve between the stomach and esophagus) to relax, allowing stomach acids to flow back up into the esophagus. In addition, the enlarged uterus can crowd the abdomen, pushing stomach acids upward. Although it's rare, gallstones can also cause heartburn during pregnancy. Avoid fried, spicy, or rich (fatty) foods or any foods that seem to cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of heartburn.
Question: What do the side effects of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer depend on?
Answer: Several new chemotherapy drugs also are used for the treatment of colorectal cancer that has spread. Because the mechanism of chemotherapy is to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, it also kills other rapidly dividing healthy cells in our bodies, such as the membranes lining the mouth, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, the hair follicles, and the bone marrow. Although it may take some time, side effects related to chemotherapy will resolve when chemotherapy is stopped.
Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used for colorectal cancer?
Answer: Chemotherapy can be given in a variety of situations: Palliative chemotherapy is used when colorectal cancer is advanced and has already spread to different parts of the body. It is used in combination with leucovorin (a vitamin), which makes 5- FU more effective. 5- FU is given intravenously. A pill form of capecitabine ( Xeloda) is changed to 5- FU when it reaches the tumor. Xeloda is also being used as adjuvant therapy or neoadjuvant therapy with radiation in patients with rectal cancers to heighten the effect of radiation. Other drugs include irinotecan ( Camptosar) and oxaliplatin ( Eloxatin). These drugs are usually combined with 5- FU or Xeloda after surgery or in the advanced setting. Several new chemotherapy drugs also are used for the treatment of colorectal cancer that has spread. These include panitumumab ( Vectibix), cetuximab ( Erbitux), bevacizumab ( Avastin), ramucirumab ( Cyramza), and aflibercept ( Zaltrap), and are usually given along with 5- FU, plus irinotecan or oxaliplatin, for metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib ( Stivarga) is another new drug that can be taken orally as a single agent after the other drugs have stopped working.
Question: What is chemotherapy for colorectal cancer?
Answer: Each drug works against a specific cancer, and each drug has specific doses and schedules for taking it. Chemotherapy can be given in a variety of situations: Palliative chemotherapy is used when colorectal cancer is advanced and has already spread to different parts of the body. The surgery may not eliminate all the cancer cells, so the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used to kill any that may have been missed, such as cells that may have metastasized or spread to the liver. 5- FU is given intravenously.
Question: When is adjuvant chemotherapy used for colorectal cancer?
Answer: The surgery may not eliminate all the cancer cells, so the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used to kill any that may have been missed, such as cells that may have metastasized or spread to the liver. 5- FU is given intravenously.
Question: What are concerns regarding the use of ephedrine for the treatment of diabetes?
Answer: In 2003, ephedrine-- also known as ma huang -- became the first herbal stimulant ever banned by the FDA. A popular component of anti-obesity over-the-counter drugs, ephedrine was found to have some benefits. However, the evidence of its ability to cause harm was far more compelling. In high doses, it has been known to cause insomnia (difficulty falling and staying asleep), high blood pressure, glaucoma, and urinary retention. This herbal supplement has also been associated with numerous cases of stroke.
Question: Are herbs helpful for diabetes?
Answer: There are few or no clinical trials with promising results for many of the other herbs being proposed for diabetes, such as garlic, ginger, ginseng, hawthorn, or nettle. If you have diabetes and are considering taking any of these herbal substances, talk to your doctor first.
Question: What should you do before using herbal products for diabetes?
Answer: When considering treating diabetes with an herbal product, you should: Discuss any drugs you are thinking of using, including herbal products, with your doctor before taking them. If you experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, or skin rashes, stop taking the herbal product and notify your doctor immediately. Avoid preparations made with more than one herb. Beware of commercial claims of what herbal products can do. Look for scientific-based sources of information. Select brands carefully. Only purchase brands that list the herb's common and scientific name, the name and address of the manufacturer, a batch and lot number, expiration date, dosage guidelines, along with potential side effects.
Question: What supplements are suggested for treating diabetes?
Answer: Supplements Chromium has been widely publicized as therapy to improve diabetes control. Although there are several studies that support a role for chromium as beneficial in diabetes, other studies do not confirm this. Currently there are no recommendations for its use in diabetes management. Magnesium has been studied for years as a form of therapy to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes. A lack of magnesium has been associated with insulin secretion abnormalities and has been associated with diabetes complications. Vanadium is derived from plant sources and has been shown in a few studies to increase a person's sensitivity to insulin. Thus far, no recommendations exist for supplementation to be given to people with diabetes.
Question: What are concerns regarding the use of chitosan for the treatment of diabetes?
Answer: Chitosan is derived from seashells and has the ability to bind to fat and prevent its absorption. Although it is purported to facilitate weight loss, available studies have not been encouraging.
Question: What alternative treatments for diabetes have been associated with  liver disease, pulmonary disease, and kidney disease?
Answer: Germander, momordica charanta, sauropus androgynus, and aristolochic acid have been associated with liver disease, pulmonary disease, and kidney disease.
Question: Can alternative weight loss therapies help with diabetes?
Answer: Since weight and diabetes are linked, many people with diabetes turn to alternative therapies that claim to help with weight loss, including: Chitosan Camsogia Garcinia (hydroxycitric acid) Chromium Pyruvate Germander Momordica charanta Sauropus androgynus Aristolochic acid In addition, transdermal (skin patch) systems as well as oral sprays have been developed to purportedly reduce appetite and facilitate weight loss. One patch system uses homeopathic amounts of 29 different compounds to reduce appetite, but no published literature on its efficacy is available.
Question: What should you consider when using plant-based foods as an alternative treatment to diabetics?
Answer: There are few or no clinical trials with promising results for many of the other herbs being proposed for diabetes, such as garlic, ginger, ginseng, hawthorn, or nettle. If you have diabetes and are considering taking any of these herbal substances, talk to your doctor first.
Question: What plant-based foods can help diabetics?
Answer: Brewer's yeast Buckwheat Broccoli and other related greens Okra Peas Fenugreek seeds Sage Most plant foods are rich in fiber, which is beneficial for helping control blood sugar levels.
Question: What should I consider before taking an herbal product for diabetes?
Answer: If you experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, or skin rashes, stop taking the herbal product and notify your doctor immediately. Look for scientific-based sources of information.
Question: What is an arthroscopic technique for hip impingement surgery?
Answer: Often, surgery for hip impingement can be performed arthroscopically. This technique involves inserting a lighted scope and thin tools through small incisions over your hip instead of making a large incision. Arthroscopy is usually an outpatient surgery.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose hip impingement?
Answer: If you have symptoms of hip impingement, your doctor can diagnose the problem based on your description of your symptoms, a physical exam, and the findings of imaging tests.
Question: How can I find out if my new workplace is safe?
Answer: A counselor can watch to see if it's safe for you to do certain tasks. He might recommend a change in your duties or your work site to improve safety. Your rights are protected by a law called the Americans with Disabilities Act. In general, it means employers need to make "reasonable accommodations" for any disabilities you have because of your MS. " Accommodations" means that your employer makes changes to the way a job is done or to the equipment you need to do it.
Question: What do you need to do daily to lower your blood sugar if you have diabetes?
Answer: There are four things you need to do every day to lower high blood sugar: Eat healthy food.
Question: What should I keep in mind daily about meals if I use insulin?
Answer: If You Use Insulin Give yourself an insulin shot. Eat about the same amount of food each day at about the same time. Don't skip meals, especially if you've already given yourself an insulin shot. Your blood sugar may go too low.
Question: What are some factors for healthy food for people with diabetes?
Answer: The foods on your diabetes eating plan are the same ones that are good for everyone. Try to stick to things that are low in fat, salt, and sugar and high in fiber, like beans, fruits, vegetables, and grains.
Question: What are urine tests for diabetes?
Answer: Urine Tests: You may need to test your urine or blood for ketones when you are sick or if your blood sugar is over 240 before eating a meal. Your body makes ketones when there is not enough insulin in your blood. They can make you very sick. You can buy strips for testing urine ketones at a drugstore. Also, some blood glucose meters can detect ketones with specialized strips. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how to use testing monitors correctly. Call your doctor right away if you find ketones when you test. You may have something called ketoacidosis. If not treated, it can cause death.
Question: What are four things someone with diabetes should do every day?
Answer: There are four things you need to do every day to lower high blood sugar: Eat healthy food.
Question: Where are some good places on the body for an insulin shot?
Answer: Good places on your body for a shot are: The outside part of your upper arms Around your waist and hips The outside part of your upper legs Avoid areas with scars and stretch marks. Ask your doctor or nurse to check your skin where you give your shots.
Question: How does exercise affect someone who does not use insulin?
Answer: If You Don't Use Insulin See your doctor before starting an exercise program. Test your blood sugar before and after exercising if you take diabetes pills. You want it no lower than 70 or no higher than 240.
Question: What should someone do who does not use insulin and has diabetes?
Answer: If You Don't Use Insulin Follow your meal plan. Don't skip meals, especially if you take diabetes pills. Your blood sugar may go too low. Skipping a meal can make you eat too much at the next meal. It may be better to eat several small meals each day instead of one or two big ones.
Question: How can eating right help someone with diabetes?
Answer: Eating right will help you: Reach and stay at a weight that is good for you Keep your blood sugar in a good range Prevent heart and blood vessel disease Ask your doctor for the name of a dietitian who can work with you on an eating plan for you and your family. Your dietitian can help you plan meals with foods that you and your family like and that are good for you.
Question: How does eating healthy food help diabetes?
Answer: The foods on your diabetes eating plan are the same ones that are good for everyone. Try to stick to things that are low in fat, salt, and sugar and high in fiber, like beans, fruits, vegetables, and grains. Eating right will help you: Reach and stay at a weight that is good for you Keep your blood sugar in a good range Prevent heart and blood vessel disease Ask your doctor for the name of a dietitian who can work with you on an eating plan for you and your family. Your dietitian can help you plan meals with foods that you and your family like and that are good for you.
Question: What is a hemoglobin A1c test?
Answer: The Hemoglobin A1c Test: This shows what your average blood sugar was for the past 3 months. It shows how much sugar is sticking to your red blood cells. The doctor does this test to see what level your blood sugar is most of the time.
Question: Why is it important to test blood sugar every day?
Answer: You need to know how well you are taking care of your diabetes. You need to know if you are lowering your blood sugar. The best way to find out is to test your blood. If it has too much or too little sugar in it, your doctor may need to change your eating, exercise, or medicine plan. Some people test their blood once a day. Others do it three or four times a day. Your doctor may want you to test before eating, before bed, and sometimes in the middle of the night. Ask your doctor how often and when you should test your blood sugar.
Question: What should someone with diabetes write down every day in their notebook?
Answer: If you haven't eaten for more than an hour or if your blood sugar level is less than 100-120, have something like an apple or a glass of milk before you exercise.
Question: Why should someone with diabetes keep daily records?
Answer: By keeping daily records of your blood and urine tests, you can tell how well you are taking care of your diabetes. Show your book to your doctor.
Question: What are diabetes pills and injections to lower blood sugar?
Answer: Insulin and diabetes pills and shots are the kinds of medicines used to lower blood sugar. These can include: Dulaglutide ( Trulicity) Exenatide ( Byetta) Exenatide Extended Release ( Bydureon) Liraglutide ( Victoza) Pramlintide ( Symlin) Semaglutide ( Ozempic) If You Need Insulin This is you if your body has stopped making insulin or if it doesn't make enough.
Question: How do I deal with insulin needles?
Answer: At first, you may be a little afraid to give yourself a shot. But most people find that the shots hurt less than they expected. The needles are small and sharp and do not go deep into your skin. Always use your own needles, and never share them with anyone else. Your doctor or diabetes educator will tell you how to throw away used needles safely.
Question: Where can someone buy lancets, strips, and meters?
Answer: Ask your doctor or diabetes educator for advice on what kind to buy. Take your blood testing items with you when you see your doctor or nurse so that you can learn how to use them the right way. You can buy strips for testing urine ketones at a drugstore.
Question: Do I need to worry about exercise if I am not on diabetes medication?
Answer: They'll also show you the best places on your body to give yourself a shot. The needles are small and sharp and do not go deep into your skin. Diabetes medications are safe and easy to take. You need to know if you are lowering your blood sugar.
Question: What if my body makes insulin but it doesn't lower my blood sugar?
Answer: Some are taken once a day, and others are taken more often. Ask your doctor when you should take yours. You may also need them if the diabetes pills no longer lower your blood sugar. Some people test their blood once a day.
Question: Are diabetes pills safe?
Answer: Diabetes medications are safe and easy to take. Be sure to tell your doctor if yours make you feel bad or if you have any other problems. Remember, you'll still have to follow an eating plan and exercise to help lower your blood sugar. You may be able to stop taking diabetes pills if you lose weight. Losing even a little bit can help lower your blood sugar.
Question: What should someone who uses insulin do?
Answer: Eat about the same amount of food each day at about the same time. Don't skip meals, especially if you've already given yourself an insulin shot. Your blood sugar may go too low. Your doctor will tell you what kind of insulin to use, how much, and when to give yourself a shot.
Question: How does exercise affect someone who uses insulin?
Answer: If You Use Insulin Exercise after eating, not before. Test your blood sugar before, during, and after. If You Don't Use Insulin See your doctor before starting an exercise program. Test your blood sugar before and after exercising if you take diabetes pills. You want it no lower than 70 or no higher than 240.
Question: Where should I keep extra insulin?
Answer: When you're being active, carry a snack with you in case your blood sugar drops. Keep extra insulin in your refrigerator in case you break the bottle you're using. Too much heat, cold, or bright light can damage insulin.
Question: How and why would I need an insulin shot for diabetes?
Answer: Some people give themselves one a day. Some people give themselves two or more a day. Never skip a shot, even if you are sick. Your doctor will tell you what kind of insulin to use, how much, and when to give yourself a shot. Your doctor or the diabetes educator will show you how to draw up insulin in the needle. Ask someone to help you with your shots if your hands are shaky or you can't see well. If You Don't Use Insulin or Take Diabetes Pills Everyone with diabetes needs to follow their doctor's advice about eating and getting enough exercise.
Question: What cancer cell abnormalities does a fluorescence in situ hybridization test detect?
Answer: Abnormalities found in cancer cells include: Translocation. Part of one chromosome has broken off and relocated itself onto another chromosome. Inversion. Part of a chromosome is in reverse order, although it is still attached to the correct chromosome. Deletion. Part of a chromosome is missing. Duplication. Part of a chromosome has been copied and the cell contains too many copies.
Question: How is a fluorescence in situ hybridization test used for leukemias?
Answer: FISH also can identify chromosomal abnormalities in leukemias, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) cells, some of which are associated with aggressive forms of the disease. Patients with more aggressive forms of CLL may need urgent treatment, while those with less aggressive forms may only require observation.
Question: What do translocations or duplications of cancer cells indicate?
Answer: Translocations can help doctors identify some types of leukemia, lymphomas, and sarcoma. Duplications in breast cancer cells can help doctors choose optimal treatments.
Question: How do fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests compare to standard cytogenetic tests when testing for cancer?
Answer: Translocations can help doctors identify some types of leukemia, lymphomas, and sarcoma. Duplications in breast cancer cells can help doctors choose optimal treatments. Compared to standard cytogenetic (cell gene) tests, one advantage of FISH is that it can identify genetic changes that are too small to be seen under a microscope. Another advantage is that FISH doesn't have to be performed on cells that are actively dividing. Because other tests cannot be performed until cancer cells have been growing in lab dishes for about two weeks, the process usually takes about three weeks. FISH results are usually available within a few days.
Question: What are the advantages of fluorescence in situ hybridization tests over standard cytogenetic (cell gene) tests?
Answer: Compared to standard cytogenetic (cell gene) tests, one advantage of FISH is that it can identify genetic changes that are too small to be seen under a microscope. Another advantage is that FISH doesn't have to be performed on cells that are actively dividing. Because other tests cannot be performed until cancer cells have been growing in lab dishes for about two weeks, the process usually takes about three weeks. FISH results are usually available within a few days.
Question: What are some abnormalities found in cancer cells using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test?
Answer: During a FISH test using a sample of the patient's tissue, special colored dyes are attached to specific parts of certain chromosomes in order to visualize and count them under a fluorescent microscope and to detect cancer-promoting abnormalities. Abnormalities found in cancer cells include: Translocation. Part of one chromosome has broken off and relocated itself onto another chromosome. Inversion. Part of a chromosome is in reverse order, although it is still attached to the correct chromosome. Deletion. Part of a chromosome is missing. Duplication. Part of a chromosome has been copied and the cell contains too many copies.