anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is Epstein-Barr virus linked to nasopharyngeal cancer?
Answer: Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Although EBV infection is common, not everyone who has EBV will get nasopharyngeal cancer. In the U. S., most people who have had an EBV infection never have long-term problems. Scientists are still researching how EBV leads to nasopharyngeal cancer, but it may be related to genetic material ( DNA) from the virus affecting the DNA in the cells of the nasopharynx. The change in DNA causes cells to grow and divide abnormally, causing cancer. Biologic drugs affect how your body's immune system fights disease.
Question: What is nasopharyngeal cancer?
Answer: Most patients with nasopharyngeal cancer have a lump in the neck. This is called a nasopharyngoscopy. It is usually part of the standard treatment for early stage nasopharyngeal cancer.
Question: Does everyone who get Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) get nasopharyngeal cancer?
Answer: Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Although EBV infection is common, not everyone who has EBV will get nasopharyngeal cancer. In the U. S., most people who have had an EBV infection never have long-term problems. Scientists are still researching how EBV leads to nasopharyngeal cancer, but it may be related to genetic material ( DNA) from the virus affecting the DNA in the cells of the nasopharynx. The change in DNA causes cells to grow and divide abnormally, causing cancer. Biologic drugs affect how your body's immune system fights disease.
Question: What happens if your exam for nasopharyngeal cancer is abnormal?
Answer: Most patients with nasopharyngeal cancer have a lump in the neck. A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. A biopsy may be taken during the nasopharyngoscopy.
Question: What biologic drugs are used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer?
Answer: You are more likely to get this type of cancer if you: Are male Eat a diet rich in salt-cured fish and meats Have a family history of nasopharyngeal cancer Have certain genes linked to cancer development Have come in contact with EBV Some, but not all, studies have found a higher risk of nasopharyngeal cancer in people who: Smoke Drink a lot of alcohol Work around wood dust or a chemical called formaldehyde Symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer may include: Lump in neck (most common) Blurry or double vision Ear infections that recur Face pain or numbness Headache Hearing loss, ringing in the ears, or a feeling of fullness in the ear Difficulty opening mouth Nosebleeds Stuffy nose Sore throat Keep in mind, such symptoms are more likely to occur with many other diseases and health conditions that are far less serious than nasopharyngeal cancer. But it may help you live longer when combined with radiotherapy or biological drugs. Biologic drugs. Biologic drugs affect how your body's immune system fights disease. They include monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab ( Erbitux), pembrolizumab ( Keytruda), and nivolumab ( Opdivo). Clinical trials .
Question: How is palliative therapy used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer?
Answer: Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Palliative therapy. The goal of palliative treatment is to control symptoms related to cancer and cancer treatment and make you as comfortable as possible.
Question: Having rheumatoid arthritis increases the odds of getting what types of cancer?
Answer: RA itself increases your odds of getting some types of cancer, like lymphoma. Scientists looked into whether RA drugs play a role in that increased risk. They found that chronic inflammation, not medication, is probably to blame. Some biologics may even keep cancer at bay because they keep inflammation in check.
Question: What is the link between drugs and melanoma?
Answer: Another found that taking anti- TNFs was linked to a lower risk of cancer than taking DMARDs alone. You might have a slightly higher chance of getting blood cancer, but not much. Researchers also checked the link between anti- TNFs and melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. Once again, they found no connection.
Question: What is the link between rheumatoid arthritis and getting cancer again?
Answer: Another study gives reassurance if you have RA and a history of cancer. Scientists looked at whether anti- TNFs or rituximab boosted cancer cases. The good news: The drugs don't seem to raise your odds of getting cancer again.
Question: What type of drugs are biologics?
Answer: These drugs, which are sometimes called TNF inhibitors or TNF blockers, are biologics like: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi) a biosimilar to Enbrel Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade Recent studies show they may slightly raise your chance of getting nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Question: What is the first treatment often used for rheumatoid arthritis and its risk for cancer?
Answer: Methotrexate is often the first treatment given to people with RA. But it could make you more likely to get some cancers, especially skin cancer.
Question: What do some studies show in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their link to cancer?
Answer: One study found methotrexate may be tied to melanoma, non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, and lung cancer. A second found that if you have RA and had a nonmelanoma growth in the past, you might have a greater chance of getting nonmelanoma skin cancer. The risk may be even higher if you take methotrexate with a TNF inhibitor. Two other DMARDs that are sometimes used to treat RA -- cyclophosphamide and azathioprine -- may also be tied to certain cancers.
Question: What is the link between rheumatoid arthritis drugs and cancer?
Answer: Years ago, some early research found that certain rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) drugs, especially ones called biologics, might make you more likely to get cancer. But a number of recent studies show that in general, this isn't the case.
Question: What should a patient do if they are concerned about cancer?
Answer: Don't let fear of cancer stop you from taking the RA treatment your doctor suggests, especially given the benefits these drugs offer. Be sure to ask about the pros and cons of taking a recommended drug, as well as the risks and benefits of not taking it.
Question: What are good habits to practice if you have Crohn's disease?
Answer: Regular exercise can also help you feel better. So can other simple activities. Try the following: Throughout the day, pay attention to your breathing and slow it down. Take time to be outdoors. Meditate, pray, or practice yoga. Spend time with positive people whose company you enjoy.
Question: How can you seek support if you have Crohn's disease?
Answer: You can have some tough days with Crohn's or any other long-term condition. So ask for help and support. Family, friends, and neighbors are often willing to step up. Sometimes they're not sure how to do that. So if someone says, â Let me know if I can do anything,â give them some ideas about what would be helpful. You might like to talk to others with Crohn's disease. Look into online and local support groups. Ask your doctor or nurse about resources in your area.
Question: How can you get help if Crohn's disease makes you feel anxious or down?
Answer: Your family and close friends might also be able to recommend someone. You may also want to look for a support group, where you can talk to people who can relate to what you're going through. If it turns out that you have a medical condition like depression or anxiety, your doctor may recommend medication to help with those symptoms.
Question: How can you nourish yourself if you have Crohn's disease?
Answer: Crohn's disease may make it harder for your body to take in calories and important nutrients. At times, your doctor may recommend that you add to your diet. He may suggest that you take supplements. These may be high-calorie drinks loaded with vitamins. You may also need to take specific vitamins, like B12 or D, or certain minerals like iron or calcium. You could also ask your doctor if it would help for you to work with a nutritionist.
Question: How can bringing a buddy to doctor visits help you manage Crohn's disease?
Answer: Your family and close friends might also be able to recommend someone. Sometimes they're not sure how to do that. Since you'll need to follow all medical instructions, ask for them in writing if it helps you remember.
Question: Do you need tube feedings for severe Crohn's disease?
Answer: When this happens, your doctor uses what's called a nasogastric tube, which goes in your nose and stomach. If the nasogastric tube isn't an option, the doctor may place a tube directly into your stomach through a cut in your belly. This rarely happens, and in either case tube feeding is almost always temporary. These may help ease some of your symptoms.
Question: Can you manage Crohn's disease symptoms on your own?
Answer: To treat your Crohn's disease, your doctor will recommend what medicines to take and whether you might need surgery. Regular exercise can also help you feel better.
Question: When do I need neuropsychological tests?
Answer: Neuropsychology looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior. You usually take a neurological test when you have a noticeable change in your thinking or memory. They help doctors figure out whether your problems are caused by any of the following: Disease, such as Alzheimer's Brain injury Emotional disorders, such as depression or anxiety Normal brain changes related to getting older It is especially important for doctors to find out about thinking problems in cases where the patient has a movement disorder, such as Parkinson's disease.
Question: What are some examples of neuropsychological tests?
Answer: They're called neuropsychological tests. Neuropsychology looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior. For instance, if you see a picture of a dog and a cat, you might answer that they're both animals or that they are both pets. Verbal communication test: Name some items as the person giving the test points at them. Motor tests: These might include tasks such as inserting pegs into a pegboard using one hand and then the other. You might also be given tests to see how your hearing and vision affect your thinking and memory.
Question: What happens after my neuropsychological testing?
Answer: Neuropsychology looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior. The treatment plan could include more medical tests, such as a CT or MRI scan of your brain. Treatment might also include counseling if the diagnosis is depression. Whatever the results are, they will become part of your permanent medical history. They will be helpful in understanding your current health picture and your future medical needs, too.
Question: How should I prepare for neuropsychological tests?
Answer: Neuropsychology looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior. There are a few things you should do before the test, however: Get a good night's sleep, since being tired affects how you think. Eat a good breakfast. Don't drink anything with alcohol in it the night before the test. Ask your doctor about whether you can take any medications, including sleep medicine, the night before. Tell the psychologist about any previous psychological tests you've taken. You or a loved one should bring a list of all your medications. If you have trouble answering questions about your medical history or symptoms, bring someone along who can.
Question: What areas are covered by neuropsychological testing?
Answer: Neuropsychology looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior. These tests help your doctors look at your attention span and how well you concentrate on things. Other areas covered by neuropsychological testing include: Your ability to think, understand, learn, and remember (cognition) Memory Motor function (walking, coordination, etc.)
Question: What are neuropsychological tests?
Answer: If you're having trouble concentrating or making decisions, some simple tests might be helpful in figuring out what's wrong. They may also be done on a computer. You might also be given tests to see how your hearing and vision affect your thinking and memory. You usually take a neurological test when you have a noticeable change in your thinking or memory.
Question: How can I prevent ulcers?
Answer: Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine to prevent infection.
Question: What are tips to help prevent ulcers, or to help them heal?
Answer: Some helpful tips to prevent or allow healing of ulcers include: Avoid foods that irritate your stomach. Use common sense: If it upsets your stomach when you eat it, avoid it. Everyone is different, but spicy foods, citrus fruits, and fatty foods are common irritants. Stop smoking. Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDS including aspirin and ibuprofen) with food, as this may decrease your risk of irritating the lining of your stomach Learn how to control your stress levels.
Question: How can lupus lead to elbow pain?
Answer: Lupus: This is another illness where your immune system attacks healthy parts of your body, including your joints and organs. It more commonly affects your hands and feet, but it can cause problems in your elbow.
Question: How can trapped nerves lead to elbow pain?
Answer: Trapped nerves: You might be familiar with carpal tunnel syndrome, where a nerve that passes through your wrist gets squeezed and causes some wrist and arm issues. You can have similar problems in your elbow. If you have cubital tunnel syndrome, one of the main nerves in your arm (the ulnar nerve) gets squeezed as it runs along the inside of your elbow and passes through tissue called the cubital tunnel. You may have burning or numbness in your hand, arm, and fingers. If you have radial tunnel syndrome, you have a similar issue with the radial nerve as it passes through the radial tunnel near the outside of your elbow. You may have burning or numbness on your outside forearm and elbow.
Question: How can bursitis lead to elbow pain?
Answer: Bursitis: Often caused by repeating the same motion over and over, you can also get bursitis from an accident or infection. Bursa are small sacs with fluid in them. You have them in your joints to help cushion your bones, tendons, and muscles. They also help skin slide over bone. But they can get swollen and cause you pain. Often, bursitis is simply treated with pain medicine and starts to get better within a few weeks.
Question: How can arthritis cause elbow pain?
Answer: Arthritis: Many types of arthritis can affect your elbow, but the main ones are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the elbow. When you have it, your immune system attacks your body's healthy tissue and causes swelling in your joints. You get osteoarthritis when your elbow cartilage breaks down over time, which means the bones rub together and cause pain and stiffness.
Question: Why does my elbow hurt?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your elbow lets you throw, lift, swing, and hug, for starters. You can do all this because it's not a simple joint. And that means there are a lot of ways things can go wrong. Your elbow's a joint formed where three bones come together -- your upper arm bone, called the humerus, and the ulna and the radius, the two bones that make up your forearm. Each bone has cartilage on the end, which helps them slide against each other and absorb shocks. They're lashed into place with tough tissues called ligaments. And your tendons connect your bones to muscles to allow you to move your arm in different ways. If anything happens to any of these parts, not to mention the nerves and blood vessels around them, it can cause you pain.
Question: What one-time injuries cause elbow pain?
Answer: Here are some of the different ways your elbow can hurt: Some injuries, hopefully, are one-off events, like when you fall or get hit hard while playing a sport. Dislocated elbow. When one of the bones that forms the elbow gets knocked out of place, you have a dislocated elbow. One of the more common causes is when you put your hand out to catch yourself during a fall. It can also happen to toddlers when you swing them by their forearms -- that's called nursemaid's elbow. Strains and sprains: File these under, â Oof, I think I pushed it a little too far.â When muscles get stretched or torn, it's called a strain. When it's ligaments, it's a sprain.
Question: What will your occupational therapist do during your appointment?
Answer: Your OT may: Prescribe and train you to use assistive devices like raised toilet seats or wheelchairs Teach you new ways to button a shirt, tie your shoes, get in and out of the shower, or work on your computer Help older adults prevent falls in their home or in public areas Treat adults who've had a stroke to improve balance, change their home to prevent injuries, build muscle strength, or adapt to their memory or speech problems Organize your medications or household tools Address behavior problems in kids who act out or hit others Build hand-eye coordination so you can hit a tennis ball Work on motor skills so you can grasp a pencil Just about anyone who struggles to do any kind of task may need it.
Question: How can occupational therapy (OT) help you?
Answer: It can help you do specific things like: Eat without help from others Take part in leisure activities Do office work Bathe and get dressed Do laundry or clean up around the house They get special graduate training in occupational therapy.
Question: What is involved in occupational therapy (OT)?
Answer: You'll meet with a health professional called an occupational therapist who can come up with ways to change your movements so you can get your work done, take care of yourself or your home, play sports, or stay active.
Question: What training does an occupatinal therapist get?
Answer: It can help you do specific things like: Eat without help from others Take part in leisure activities Do office work Bathe and get dressed Do laundry or clean up around the house They get special graduate training in occupational therapy. You'll probably hear them called OTs. They must be licensed and pass a national exam to be certified to practice. Some OTs go through more training so they can focus on certain types of treatment, like hand therapy, treating people with low vision, or working with children or older adults.
Question: Who needs occupational therapy (OT)?
Answer: If you have one of these health problems, ask your doctor if OT could help you: Arthritis and chronic pain Stroke Brain injury Joint replacement Spinal cord injury Low vision Alzheimer's disease Poor balance Cancer Diabetes Multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy Mental health or behavior issues It can also help kids with birth defects, ADHD, juvenile arthritis, autism, or severe injuries or burns.
Question: What is an occupational therapy assistant?
Answer: Some OTs go through more training so they can focus on certain types of treatment, like hand therapy, treating people with low vision, or working with children or older adults. Occupational therapy assistants help with some parts of your treatment. They don't assess you or create your therapy plan. An OT assistant needs an associate's degree. OT's and OTA's often work with your doctor, physical therapist, psychologist, or other health professionals.
Question: Who can benefit from occupational therapy (OT)?
Answer: This type of treatment can help if you have pain, injury, illness, or a disability that makes it hard for you to do your job or schoolwork, care for yourself, complete household chores, move around, or take part in activities. Your OT may: Prescribe and train you to use assistive devices like raised toilet seats or wheelchairs Teach you new ways to button a shirt, tie your shoes, get in and out of the shower, or work on your computer Help older adults prevent falls in their home or in public areas Treat adults who've had a stroke to improve balance, change their home to prevent injuries, build muscle strength, or adapt to their memory or speech problems Organize your medications or household tools Address behavior problems in kids who act out or hit others Build hand-eye coordination so you can hit a tennis ball Work on motor skills so you can grasp a pencil Just about anyone who struggles to do any kind of task may need it. If you have one of these health problems, ask your doctor if OT could help you: Arthritis and chronic pain Stroke Brain injury Joint replacement Spinal cord injury Low vision Alzheimer's disease Poor balance Cancer Diabetes Multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy Mental health or behavior issues It can also help kids with birth defects, ADHD, juvenile arthritis, autism, or severe injuries or burns.
Question: What can you expect at your first occupational therapy (OT) appointment?
Answer: They don't assess you or create your therapy plan. They can show you how to do daily chores better. Next, they'll work with you to come up with a therapy plan and set goals designed for your needs, disability, or limits. Your OT can train you to adapt your movements, improve your motor skills or hand-eye coordination, or do tasks in new ways. Your therapist may come to your home, workplace, or school to create a treatment plan.
Question: What is occupational therapy (OT)?
Answer: This type of treatment can help if you have pain, injury, illness, or a disability that makes it hard for you to do your job or schoolwork, care for yourself, complete household chores, move around, or take part in activities. You'll learn how to use tools (you may hear them called assistive devices) if you need them. You'll meet with a health professional called an occupational therapist who can come up with ways to change your movements so you can get your work done, take care of yourself or your home, play sports, or stay active. It can help you do specific things like: Eat without help from others Take part in leisure activities Do office work Bathe and get dressed Do laundry or clean up around the house They get special graduate training in occupational therapy. You'll probably hear them called OTs. In short, the therapist looks at how you do any kind of activity or task. They can show you how to do daily chores better.
Question: How can an occupational therapist help you?
Answer: This type of treatment can help if you have pain, injury, illness, or a disability that makes it hard for you to do your job or schoolwork, care for yourself, complete household chores, move around, or take part in activities. Your OT may: Prescribe and train you to use assistive devices like raised toilet seats or wheelchairs Teach you new ways to button a shirt, tie your shoes, get in and out of the shower, or work on your computer Help older adults prevent falls in their home or in public areas Treat adults who've had a stroke to improve balance, change their home to prevent injuries, build muscle strength, or adapt to their memory or speech problems Organize your medications or household tools Address behavior problems in kids who act out or hit others Build hand-eye coordination so you can hit a tennis ball Work on motor skills so you can grasp a pencil Just about anyone who struggles to do any kind of task may need it. Your therapist may come to your home, workplace, or school to create a treatment plan.