anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Is the Whipple procedure available for patients newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer?
Answer: The Whipple procedure isn't an option for the 40% of newly diagnosed patients whose tumors have spread (metastasized) beyond the pancreas. Only rarely is it an option for the 40% of patients with locally advanced disease that has spread to adjacent areas such as the superior mesenteric vein and artery, or for those whose tumors have spread to the body or tail of the pancreas.
Question: Who is a candidate for the Whipple procedure?
Answer: Only about 20% of pancreatic cancer patients are eligible for the Whipple procedure and other surgeries. These are usually patients whose tumors are confined to the head of the pancreas and haven't spread into any nearby major blood vessels, the liver, lungs, or abdominal cavity. Intensive testing is usually necessary to identify possible candidates for the Whipple procedure. Some patients may be eligible for a minimally invasive (laparoscopic) Whipple procedure, which is performed through several small incisions instead of a single large incision. Compared to the classic procedure, the laparoscopic procedure may result in less blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, a quicker recovery, and fewer complications. The Whipple procedure isn't an option for the 40% of newly diagnosed patients whose tumors have spread (metastasized) beyond the pancreas. Only rarely is it an option for the 40% of patients with locally advanced disease that has spread to adjacent areas such as the superior mesenteric vein and artery, or for those whose tumors have spread to the body or tail of the pancreas.
Question: How many people survive after the Whipple procedure?
Answer: Overall, the five-year survival rate after a Whipple procedure is about 20 to 25%. Even if the procedure successfully removes the visible tumor, it's possible that some cancer cells have already spread elsewhere in the body, where they can form new tumors and eventually cause death. The five-year survival rate is higher in node-negative patients (their cancer has not spread to nearby lymph nodes) than for node-positive patients.
Question: How long do patients stay in the hospital after a Whipple procedure?
Answer: Other possible surgical complications include: Infections Bleeding Trouble with the stomach emptying itself after meals After surgery, patients are usually hospitalized for a week before returning home. Because recovery can be slow and painful, they usually need to take prescription or over-the-counter pain medications.
Question: What are other complications after the Whipple procedure?
Answer: Other possible complications include: Weight loss. Most patients can expect to lose weight after the surgery. Diabetes. This condition can develop if too many insulin-producing cells are removed from the pancreas. However, patients who have normal blood sugar before surgery are unlikely to develop diabetes, and those who recently developed diabetes before surgery are even likely to improve.
Question: What other treatments do patients get after the Whipple procedure?
Answer: Regardless of node status, most patients receive chemotherapy, radiation, or both after surgery. However, cancer specialists have differing opinions on the best combination and the best drugs to use. It's not yet known if therapy works better before or after surgery. But some research suggests that therapy could allow a few patients who are initially thought to be ineligible for surgery to eventually undergo the Whipple procedure. Studies are ongoing.
Question: How long does the Whipple procedure take?
Answer: The Whipple procedure can take several hours to perform and requires great surgical skill and experience. The area around the pancreas is complex and surgeons often encounter patients who have a variation in the arrangement of blood vessels and ducts.
Question: Where should the Whipple procedure be done?
Answer: Because the Whipple procedure continues to be one of the most demanding and risky operations for surgeons and patients, the American Cancer Society says it's best to have the procedure done at a hospital that performs at least 15 to 20 pancreas surgeries per year. The organization also recommends choosing a surgeon who does many such operations.
Question: Who should perform the Whipple procedure?
Answer: The Whipple procedure can take several hours to perform and requires great surgical skill and experience. The area around the pancreas is complex and surgeons often encounter patients who have a variation in the arrangement of blood vessels and ducts.
Question: What is it like for patients after the Whipple procedure?
Answer: At first, patients can eat only small amounts of easily digestible food. They may need to take pancreatic enzymes -- either short-term or long-term -- to assist with digestion. Diarrhea is a common problem during the two or three months it usually takes for the rearranged digestive tract to fully recover.
Question: What is the death rate for patients undergoing the Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Since then, improvements in diagnosis, staging, surgical techniques, anesthesia, and postoperative care have reduced the short-term death rate to less than 4% in patients whose operation is performed at cancer centers by experienced surgeons. At some major centers, the reported death rate is less than 1%. But the rate may still be above 15% in patients who are treated at small hospitals or by less experienced surgeons.
Question: What is recovery from the Whipple procedure like?
Answer: Other possible surgical complications include: Infections Bleeding Trouble with the stomach emptying itself after meals After surgery, patients are usually hospitalized for a week before returning home. Because recovery can be slow and painful, they usually need to take prescription or over-the-counter pain medications. At first, patients can eat only small amounts of easily digestible food. They may need to take pancreatic enzymes -- either short-term or long-term -- to assist with digestion. Diarrhea is a common problem during the two or three months it usually takes for the rearranged digestive tract to fully recover.
Question: What is the Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, the Whipple procedure involves removal of the "head" (wide part) of the pancreas next to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). It also involves removal of the duodenum, a portion of the common bile duct, gallbladder, and sometimes part of the stomach. Afterward, surgeons reconnect the remaining intestine, bile duct, and pancreas.
Question: Which pancreatic cancer patients can have the Whipple procedure done?
Answer: Only about 20% of pancreatic cancer patients are eligible for the Whipple procedure and other surgeries. These are usually patients whose tumors are confined to the head of the pancreas and haven't spread into any nearby major blood vessels, the liver, lungs, or abdominal cavity. Intensive testing is usually necessary to identify possible candidates for the Whipple procedure.
Question: What is the Whipple procedure?
Answer: Also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, the Whipple procedure involves removal of the "head" (wide part) of the pancreas next to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). It also involves removal of the duodenum, a portion of the common bile duct, gallbladder, and sometimes part of the stomach. Afterward, surgeons reconnect the remaining intestine, bile duct, and pancreas. After the Whipple procedure was introduced, many surgeons were reluctant to perform it because it had a high death rate.
Question: What is the prognosis for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Because pancreatic cancer often grows and spreads long before it causes any symptoms, only about 6% of patients are still alive five years after diagnosis. One of the most common of these include the development of false channels (fistulas) and leakage from the site of the bowel reconnection.
Question: How many people die from the Whipple procedure?
Answer: The classic Whipple procedure is named after Allen Whipple, MD, a Columbia University surgeon who was the first American to perform the operation in 1935. As recently as the 1970s, up to 25% of patients either died during the surgery or shortly thereafter. Since then, improvements in diagnosis, staging, surgical techniques, anesthesia, and postoperative care have reduced the short-term death rate to less than 4% in patients whose operation is performed at cancer centers by experienced surgeons. At some major centers, the reported death rate is less than 1%. But the rate may still be above 15% in patients who are treated at small hospitals or by less experienced surgeons.
Question: What should you expect if you have pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Because pancreatic cancer often grows and spreads long before it causes any symptoms, only about 6% of patients are still alive five years after diagnosis. One of the most common of these include the development of false channels (fistulas) and leakage from the site of the bowel reconnection.
Question: What are complications of the Whipple procedure?
Answer: One of the most common of these include the development of false channels (fistulas) and leakage from the site of the bowel reconnection. Other possible surgical complications include: Infections Bleeding Trouble with the stomach emptying itself after meals After surgery, patients are usually hospitalized for a week before returning home. Most patients can expect to lose weight after the surgery.
Question: Does the Whipple procedure work better before or after surgery for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: For some pancreatic patients, however, a complex surgery known as the Whipple procedure may extend life and could be a potential cure. Studies are ongoing.
Question: What are possible complications of the Whipple procedure?
Answer: One of the most common of these include the development of false channels (fistulas) and leakage from the site of the bowel reconnection. Other possible surgical complications include: Infections Bleeding Trouble with the stomach emptying itself after meals After surgery, patients are usually hospitalized for a week before returning home. Most patients can expect to lose weight after the surgery.
Question: How should I take angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for heart disease?
Answer: You can take most of these drugs on an empty or full stomach. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for specific instructions. Follow the label directions on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take the medication depends on the type of ARB, as well as your condition. It may take many weeks for you to feel the full effects of the drug.
Question: Why are angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) prescribed for heart disease?
Answer: Examples of these medicines include: Atacand (candesartan) Avapro (irbesartan) Cozaar (losartan) Diovan (valsartan) Micardis (telmisartan) They have similar effects on heart disease as other types of drugs called ACE inhibitors, but they work a different way. Doctors prescribe them if you can't take ACE inhibitors. For instance, some people switch to ARBs if they get a cough while taking an ACE inhibitor.
Question: What are angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Answer: They lower certain chemicals that narrow your blood vessels, which allows blood to flow more easily through your body. ARBs also lower certain chemicals that cause salt and fluid to build up in your body. It may take many weeks for you to feel the full effects of the drug. ARBs can cause potassium to build up in your body, so don't use salt substitutes, which contain potassium.
Question: Which medications should I avoid when taking ARBs?
Answer: Check with your doctor before you take aspirin or NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), like ibuprofen or naproxen. These over-the-counter medicines may cause sodium and water to build up in your body and lessen the effect of an ARB. Digoxin and warfarin may interfere with the effects of Micardis. If you are taking these medications, tell your doctor before he prescribes an ARB. Tell your doctor about all the medications you take, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.
Question: What causes acne?
Answer: The exact cause of acne is not known, but one important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens. These male sex hormones increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Some things that can make acne worse include friction caused by leaning on or rubbing the skin, harsh scrubbing, picking or squeezing blemishes, and emotional stress. Acne is not caused by chocolate or other kinds of foods.
Question: What does my skin do?
Answer: The skin contains nerves that sense cold, heat, pain, pressure, and touch. This is the least severe type of burn, affecting only the outer layer of skin.
Question: How can Kegel exercises help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: Kegel exercises . These strengthen your pelvic muscles. They're very easy to do. Imagine you have to pee, but instead of letting it out, you squeeze to hold it. Do this for 5 seconds, relax, then do it again. Do 10 sets of these up to 15 times per day. Work up to 10 seconds, 20 repetitions, 3 times per day. Over time, your prolapse may get better or disappear altogether.
Question: What is obliterative surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: There are two types of prolapse surgery: obliterative and reconstructive. Obliterative surgery narrows or closes off part or all of the vagina. The goal is to provide more support to the organs that have dropped out of their normal positions and are pressing against the walls of the vagina. This may be an option if surgery hasn't worked and you can't tolerate another procedure, or if you are not healthy enough to have bigger surgery to correct the problem. After this operation you will no longer be able to have intercourse.
Question: How can pessary help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: This is probably one of the first treatments your doctor will recommend if you have symptoms of POP. A pessary is a device (it looks like a ring) that's inserted into your vagina. It helps to support, or hold up, your pelvic organs. You'll need to be fitted for one in your doctor's office. It's a lot like being fitted for a diaphragm.
Question: What can I expect after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: In general, you should plan to take a few weeks off from work. You should also avoid sex and vigorous exercise or activity for at least 6 weeks. It typically takes longer to recover from abdominal surgery than it does from vaginal surgery. With vaginal surgery, you may get a creamy white discharge for 4 to 6 weeks afterward. This is because of the stitches in the vagina. You can't have abdominal surgery.
Question: What is reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: There are two types of prolapse surgery: obliterative and reconstructive. Reconstructive surgery aims to repair the pelvic floor and return organs to their original position. This can be done with cuts either in the vagina or the abdomen. It can also be done using laparoscopic surgery, in which a surgeon makes smaller cuts in the abdomen and uses special instruments.
Question: How can vaginal mesh help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: There are a number of reconstructive surgeries your doctor can perform to restore the appearance and function of your pelvic organs. This procedure is also done through the vagina by using your own tissues or vaginal mesh to repair the prolapse.
Question: How can anterior and posterior colporrhaphy help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: There are a number of reconstructive surgeries your doctor can perform to restore the appearance and function of your pelvic organs. The goal here is to make the tissue that holds the pelvic organs in place tighter and stronger. Anterior repair is used when the bladder drops and presses against the front of the vagina. Posterior repair is used when the rectum drops and pushes into the back of the vagina. This procedure is also done through the vagina by using your own tissues or vaginal mesh to repair the prolapse.
Question: What are the risks of vaginal mesh for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: Vaginal mesh repairs prolapse by putting mesh under the vaginal skin to help lift sagging organs into place. With mesh placed in the vagina, there's a risk of pain and infection, and also that the mesh will erode. In 2016, safety concerns prompted the FDA to classify vaginal mesh for pelvic organ prolapse as a âhigh-risk device.â You probably would only have this procedure if: You've tried other prolapse surgery without success. Your tissues are too weak to repair. You can't have abdominal surgery.
Question: How can biofeedback therapy help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Answer: Pelvic organ prolapse ( POP) happens when organs like the bladder, uterus or rectum drop down and press against the vagina. This treatment combines teaching you how to contract your pelvic muscles with proper breathing techniques and abdominal control.
Question: Is my child hyper because he or she is not getting enough exercise?
Answer: Kids can get restless if they don't get enough physical activity to burn off their energy. You can help your child get the exercise he needs, though. For instance, take your family for a nature walk or hike. Or go bike riding or play tag in the front yard. If you have a yard, set up a safe space to play, such as a sandbox.
Question: What does the research say about the correlation between hyper behavior and sugar?
Answer: Many people think there's a link between being hyper and eating sugar, but research doesn't back that up. Several studies tested behavior and learning in children given sugar vs. a sugar substitute, and found no difference.
Question: Is there too much noise in my house that makes my child hyper?
Answer: Sometimes too much noise and activity in your home can make it hard for your child to relax. For instance, too much family conflict, such as arguments, can cause stress. So can chaotic schedules and lack of sleep. So try to keep the atmosphere as calm as possible. And leave a place on your calendar for family time. Sometimes, a child who's acting hyper needs some quiet, close time with mom or dad. Cuddle up on the couch with a blanket and read to your child to help calm things down.
Question: Is being hyper normal for any age?
Answer: If your child is hyper, it could be because he's just a kid. It's normal for children of all ages to have lots of energy.
Question: How can too much noise and activity affect a child's ability to relax?
Answer: Sometimes too much noise and activity in your home can make it hard for your child to relax. For instance, too much family conflict, such as arguments, can cause stress. So can chaotic schedules and lack of sleep.
Question: What do studies say about children getting ADHD from the parents?
Answer: If ADHD is the cause of your child being hyper, some studies do show that the condition tends to run in families. There may be certain genes that make it more likely for people to develop ADHD. "
Question: When should I check with my pediatrician about my child's hyperactivity?
Answer: If your child's hyper behavior regularly causes a problem in the classroom, with homework, or with friendships and relationships, check with his pediatrician.
Question: What do studies say about children being affected by other food additives?
Answer: But some studies show that a small percentage of children with ADHD may be sensitive to some of these additives.
Question: Are food additives making my child hyper?
Answer: For most kids, the answer is probably no. But some studies show that a small percentage of children with ADHD may be sensitive to some of these additives. If you think this might be the case, you could try an "elimination diet." Cut out sources of artificial additives like candy, fruit drinks, soda, brightly-colored cereals, and junk food, and see if you notice any behavior changes.
Question: What should parents with a hyper child do?
Answer: So try to keep the atmosphere as calm as possible. And leave a place on your calendar for family time. Sometimes, a child who's acting hyper needs some quiet, close time with mom or dad. Cuddle up on the couch with a blanket and read to your child to help calm things down.
Question: What are some signs of ADHD?
Answer: Watch out for these other signs of ADHD: Does he interrupt frequently? Does he have trouble following instructions and organizing tasks? Is he forgetful? Is he impatient? Does he frequently speak out of turn? If your child has ADHD, these problems will happen over a long period of time, and usually at home as well as school.
Question: Could a hyper child have ADHD?
Answer: It's natural to wonder if ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) could be the cause of your child's high energy. But just being hyper doesn't necessarily mean your child has the condition.
Question: What age groups are active?
Answer: Preschoolers, for instance, can be very active -- they often move quickly from one activity to another. Older kids and teens are also energetic and don't have the same attention span as adults.
Question: What have studies shown about children who eat sugar versus a sugar substitute?
Answer: Other studies found that parents who think their children have eaten sugar rate their behavior as more hyper than parents who think their children have had a non-sugar substitute. This doesn't mean it's a good idea to let your child gorge on sugar, of course, but cutting it from his diet probably won't end the problem.
Question: What kind of physical activity can children do to burn off some excess energy?
Answer: Kids can get restless if they don't get enough physical activity to burn off their energy. You can help your child get the exercise he needs, though. For instance, take your family for a nature walk or hike. Or go bike riding or play tag in the front yard. If you have a yard, set up a safe space to play, such as a sandbox.
Question: What should a parent do if their child's hyper behavior affects their daily life?
Answer: If your child's hyper behavior regularly causes a problem in the classroom, with homework, or with friendships and relationships, check with his pediatrician.
Question: Is it normal for children to be hyper?
Answer: If your child is hyper, it could be because he's just a kid. It's normal for children of all ages to have lots of energy. Preschoolers, for instance, can be very active -- they often move quickly from one activity to another. Older kids and teens are also energetic and don't have the same attention span as adults.
Question: What are common signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Answer: If your child is hyper, it could be because he's just a kid. But just being hyper doesn't necessarily mean your child has the condition. Watch out for these other signs of ADHD: Does he interrupt frequently? Does he have trouble following instructions and organizing tasks? Is he forgetful? Is he impatient? Does he frequently speak out of turn?
Question: What foods tend to increase inflammation in the body?
Answer: Foods with natural anti-inflammatory properties include: Healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil, flaxseed oil, and canola oil Avocados Walnuts Most fruits and vegetables, like oranges, tomatoes, and leafy greens Foods that tend to increase inflammation in the body include unhealthy fats, such as: Trans-fatty acids Vegetable shortening Margarine Red meat (beef and pork) Cheese, cream and other full-fat dairy
Question: Does inflammation play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The good news: An "anti-inflammatory" diet and exercise plan can help prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. Scientists are only beginning to understand the role this form of internal inflammation may play in the development of chronic diseases like diabetes. It's not as simple as that, however, researchers know for sure that inflammation is somehow involved in the development of type 2 diabetes.