anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Are people with schizophrenia dangerous?
Answer: But hospitalization may be the best option for people: With severe symptoms Who might harm themselves or others Who can't take care of themselves at home Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT): In this procedure, electrodes are attached to the person's scalp. Most people with schizophrenia are not violent. More typically, they prefer to withdraw and be left alone. When people with mental illness do take part in dangerous or violent behaviors, it's generally a result of their psychosis and the fear that they're being threatened in some way by their surroundings. Suicide is the top cause of premature death among people with schizophrenia.
Question: What are the subtypes of schizophrenia?
Answer: A person is diagnosed with schizophrenia if they have at least two of these symptoms for at least 6 months: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms One of the symptoms has to be Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech During the 6 months, the person must have a month of active symptoms. It can help when medications no longer work, or if severe depression or catatonia makes treating the illness difficult. On the other hand, people with schizophrenia can be a danger to themselves.
Question: When should you call your doctor about your child's cough?
Answer: Call 911 if your child: Is struggling for breath, can't talk, or grunts with each breath Is choking and unable to stop Has passed out or stopped breathing Has blue-tinged lips or fingernails Call your doctor right away if your child: Has trouble breathing or talking Persistent vomiting Turns red or purple when coughing Drools or has trouble swallowing Seems very sick or fatigued May have an object caught in their throat Has chest pain when breathing deep Is coughing blood or wheezing Has a weak immune system or is not fully immunized Is younger than age 4 months with a rectal temperature above 100.4 ° F ( Do not give fever medicine to infants.) Has a fever over 104 F, with no improvement in two hours after fever medicine
Question: When should you call 911 about your child's cough?
Answer: Call 911 if your child: Is struggling for breath, can't talk, or grunts with each breath Is choking and unable to stop Has passed out or stopped breathing Has blue-tinged lips or fingernails Call your doctor right away if your child: Has trouble breathing or talking Persistent vomiting Turns red or purple when coughing Drools or has trouble swallowing Seems very sick or fatigued May have an object caught in their throat Has chest pain when breathing deep Is coughing blood or wheezing Has a weak immune system or is not fully immunized Is younger than age 4 months with a rectal temperature above 100.4 ° F ( Do not give fever medicine to infants.)
Question: My baby boy is circumcised. How can I care for his penis once his circumcision has started to heal?
Answer: After a couple of days, once the area starts to heal, you can stop using a bandage and just put some petroleum jelly on the tip. This will keep his healing penis from sticking to his diaper. Change his diaper often, and use a mild soap and water to clean off any poop that gets on his penis. It's normal for the tip of the penis to look red and appear to have a crusty white or yellow coating. That helps the area heal -- don't wipe it off. Once the penis is healed, usually after 7-10 days, you can wash it with soap and water.
Question: My baby boy is circumcised. How can I care for his penis after we leave the hospital?
Answer: After the procedure, his care team covered his penis with petroleum jelly and wrapped it in gauze. Keep a covering on the area for the 48 hours following the procedure. For the first couple of days after the surgery, your doctor may recommend keeping the area covered with a glob of petroleum jelly on a square gauze pad. Change the pad after poopy diapers to prevent an infection.
Question: My baby boy is circumcised. What are problems with his penis that I should watch for?
Answer: Problems are rare, but let your doctor know if: Your baby doesn't pee within 6-8 hours after the circumcision The bleeding doesn't stop Redness gets worse after a few days You notice swelling, crusted yellow sores or discharge from the penis. Usually once the circumcision is healed, you don't need to do anything special. Just keep the area clean and dry so your son stays healthy and comfortable.
Question: My baby boy is uncircumcised. What are tips for caring for his penis?
Answer: If your baby wasn't circumcised, meaning you chose not to remove the skin at the head of his penis, you don't have to do any special cleaning. Just wipe the area during diaper changes and rinse with warm, soapy water at bath time. Don't ever try to pull down the foreskin to clean under it. At this age, it's fused to the head of the penis, and forcing it back can cause pain or bleeding. Your doctor will let you know when the skin has separated, which won't happen until he's 3-5 years old. At that point, the foreskin will easily move back and forth, and you can teach your son to regularly wash the area underneath.
Question: What are symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?
Answer: The symptoms start and worsen very quickly. People with CJD often have signs of dementia, including: Confusion Trouble walking Jerky muscle movements or twitching Personality changes Trouble with memory and judgment Vision problems Sometimes people with it have trouble sleeping or become depressed. In later stages of the disease, they often lose the ability to speak or move. They may also get pneumonia or other infections, or slip into a coma.
Question: Whatâs the only way to know for sure that someone has Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?
Answer: The only way to know for sure someone has CJD is by taking a sample (called a biopsy) of their brain tissue, or by autopsy. Doctors don't usually biopsy brain tissue, because it's risky, both for the patient and the doctor. It's hard to target which tissue in the brain is infected, so doing a biopsy may not give helpful information. And it puts the doctor at risk of getting the disease. Since a positive diagnosis doesn't help someone with CJD, doctors often confirm cases only after someone dies of it.
Question: How is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) treated?
Answer: There is no single test for CJD. Researchers have tested several drugs, but none have been able to slow or stop the disease. Doctors can prescribe pain medicine for the symptoms. Muscle relaxers or anti-seizure drugs can help with stiffness. People with CJD need full-time care once the disease is in its late stage.
Question: What are the three types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and what causes them?
Answer: Each has a different cause: Sporadic: This is the most common type. But sometimes they can fold the wrong way as they form. Familial: This happens in people who inherit a bad gene from a parent. Acquired: The rarest form, It happens when someone comes into contact with a medical instrument (like a scalpel), organ (by transplantation), or growth hormone that's infected with CJD.
Question: How is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) diagnosed?
Answer: There is no single test for CJD. Doctors diagnose it from your symptoms. One sign of the disease is how fast it gets worse. A few tests doctors can use include: Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). This brain scan puts together detailed images. This is another type of scan that measures the electrical activity in the brain. Lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Doctors use a long, very thin needle to draw some of the fluid out of the spinal column to test for certain proteins.
Question: How can non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help control ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: These include medications like ibuprofen and naproxen. NSAIDs, which lower inflammation, may be a part of your regular daily treatment plan. If they are, don't take more than prescribed without talking with your doctor. If NSAIDs aren't a part of your treatment plan, talk with your doctor about them.
Question: How can working with a physical therapist help you manage ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: When you strengthen the muscles that support your spine, you can boost your flexibility and lower pain. It's best to work with a qualified therapist. She can make sure your form is right. When some exercises are done the wrong way, they can make you feel worse. A trainer can keep you on the right track and motivated. In addition to strength training and stretching, your program might include exercising in water (hydrotherapy), posture training, and deep-breathing exercises.
Question: How can taking frequent breaks help you manage ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: If you donï¿½ï¿½t move around a lot, your symptoms may be worse. If you have to sit for a long time at work, try to get up every hour or so to stretch or walk around. ( Your doctor can write a note so that you can take regular breaks.)
Question: If you smoke, how can quitting help you manage your ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: Lighting up makes AS more damaging and hard to treat. Ask your doctor about things that can help you ditch the habit.
Question: How can corticosteroids help control ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: If NSAIDs don't do enough for your joint pain, your doctor may use these drugs. You might get shots into stiff, painful joints to help with swelling and give you temporary relief. But your doctor won't recommend this too often because they can damage soft tissues and bone. About 40% of people with ankylosing spondylitis have inflammation in their eyes (uveitis). If you have this, corticosteroid eye drops can lower swelling and ease irritation. Steroid pills are also sometimes used to help with eye or joint flares.
Question: How can muscle relaxants help control ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: Your doctor may prescribe these to help with painful muscle spasms, ease stiffness, and make it easier to exercise. You'll probably only take them for short times.
Question: How can using heat or ice help you manage your ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: When the pain is worse than normal and you're having a flare, your doctor may have you try other drugs. Work with a physical therapist. You can use a cold pack on inflamed areas to help with swelling. And you can use heat to loosen up tight muscles and ease joint stiffness. Take a warm shower before a workout, for example, to help you move better.
Question: How can practicing good posture help you manage your ankylosing spondylitis back pain?
Answer: But it only strains your spine more. There is also a risk that your vertebrae -- small, linked bones that form your backbone -- could fuse in a bent-forward position. Ask your spouse, co-worker, or friend to remind you to keep your back straight. If you work at a computer, make sure your station is set up to promote good posture. You'll probably only take them for short times.
Question: What do you need to know about pain management for ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: It will usually include medications your doctor recommends. When the pain is worse than normal and you're having a flare, your doctor may have you try other drugs. NSAIDs, which lower inflammation, may be a part of your regular daily treatment plan.
Question: Can opioids help control ankylosing spondylitis pain?
Answer: If NSAIDs aren't a part of your treatment plan, talk with your doctor about them. Opioids can be habit-forming though, so you can't take them for a long time, and it's important for your doctor keep an eye on you while you take them.
Question: How can eating smart help you manage ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: When you strengthen the muscles that support your spine, you can boost your flexibility and lower pain. While there's no one diet that's recommended for AS, foods with anti-inflammatory properties -- such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon) -- could help.
Question: What are the FDA regulations regarding color additives to food?
Answer: Manufacturers usually add dye for the following reasons: To add color to colorless foods To enhance colors To avoid color loss due to environmental elements To provide consistency when there are variations in the coloring of the food The FDA regulates color additives to ensure that they are safe for human consumption. Regulation also helps ensure that foods with coloring are accurately labeled so that consumers know what they are eating. To determine the approval of an additive, the FDA studies the composition of it and how much is consumed and notes any health effects and safety factors that need to be observed. Once the food dye is approved, the FDA determines an appropriate level of use for that additive. The FDA only allows an additive to be approved if there is a reasonable certainty of no harm to consumers.
Question: Why do manufacturers use food dye?
Answer: Manufacturers usually add dye for the following reasons: To add color to colorless foods To enhance colors To avoid color loss due to environmental elements To provide consistency when there are variations in the coloring of the food The FDA regulates color additives to ensure that they are safe for human consumption.
Question: How are food dyes regulated?
Answer: Manufacturers usually add dye for the following reasons: To add color to colorless foods To enhance colors To avoid color loss due to environmental elements To provide consistency when there are variations in the coloring of the food The FDA regulates color additives to ensure that they are safe for human consumption. Regulation also helps ensure that foods with coloring are accurately labeled so that consumers know what they are eating. To determine the approval of an additive, the FDA studies the composition of it and how much is consumed and notes any health effects and safety factors that need to be observed. Once the food dye is approved, the FDA determines an appropriate level of use for that additive. The FDA only allows an additive to be approved if there is a reasonable certainty of no harm to consumers.
Question: What is in food coloring and where is it used?
Answer: Food coloring (dye) is often added to processed foods, drinks, and condiments. They are used to maintain or improve the appearance of the food. Manufacturers usually add dye for the following reasons: To add color to colorless foods To enhance colors To avoid color loss due to environmental elements To provide consistency when there are variations in the coloring of the food The FDA regulates color additives to ensure that they are safe for human consumption.
Question: What is the difference between food dyes and lakes?
Answer: There are two types of approved color additives - dyes and lakes. Dyes are water-soluble and usually come in the form of powders, granules, or liquids. Lakes are not water-soluble.
Question: What is the research backing the association between ADHD and food dye?
Answer: A study of nearly 300 children by the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency in 2007 showed that the consumption of foods containing dyes could increase hyperactive behavior in children. In the study of 3-, 8- and 9-year-olds, children were given three different types of beverages to drink. One of the drink mixtures contained artificial food colorings, including: Sunset yellow ( E110) Carmoisine ( E122) Tartrazine ( E102) Ponceau 4 R ( E124) It also contained the preservative sodium benzoate. The third drink mixture was a placebo and contained no additives. The researchers found that hyperactive behavior by the 8- and 9-year-olds increased with both the mixtures containing artificial coloring additives. The hyperactive behavior of 3-year-olds increased with the first beverage but not necessarily with the second. They concluded that the results show an adverse effect on behavior after consumption of the food dyes.
Question: What is the relationship between food dye and ADHD?
Answer: To date, no conclusive evidence has been found to show that food coloring causes ADHD. Some studies, though, have suggested an association between the two. Most likely, ADHD is caused by the combination of changes in brain structure, environmental factors, and heredity. The hyperactive behavior of 3-year-olds increased with the first beverage but not necessarily with the second.
Question: Does sugar cause symptoms of ADHD?
Answer: Processed sugars and carbohydrates may have an effect on a child's activity level. A child may become more active due to an adrenaline rush produced by this blood sugar spike. However, there has been no proof to date that sugar actually causes ADHD.
Question: What is known regarding the relationship between food coloring and ADHD in children?
Answer: To date, no conclusive evidence has been found to show that food coloring causes ADHD. Some studies, though, have suggested an association between the two. Most likely, ADHD is caused by the combination of changes in brain structure, environmental factors, and heredity. The hyperactive behavior of 3-year-olds increased with the first beverage but not necessarily with the second.
Question: What happens in a total mastectomy?
Answer: The entire breast is removed, and some lymph nodes may be taken from the armpit area.
Question: What can cause constipation?
Answer: Other causes of constipation include: Not drinking enough water A diet low in fiber Lack of exercise Travel or another change in routine Eating large amounts of dairy products Stress Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum Other medicines (especially strong pain medicines such as opioids, antidepressants, and iron pills) Medical problems such as irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS), diabetes, and colorectal cancer (rarely) Pregnancy Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fiber.
Question: When should I call my doctor about constipation?
Answer: Call your doctor if: Constipation is a new problem for you You have blood in your stool You are losing weight even though you are not trying to lose weight You have severe pain with bowel movements Your constipation has lasted more than 3 weeks
Question: What is constipation?
Answer: It occurs when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent. The normal length of time between bowel movements (also known as "stools") ranges widely from person to person. Some people have bowel movements three times a day; others only one to two times a week. Going longer than three days without a bowel movement causes the stool to harden and become more difficult to pass.
Question: How can I avoid getting constipated?
Answer: Other causes of constipation include: Not drinking enough water A diet low in fiber Lack of exercise Travel or another change in routine Eating large amounts of dairy products Stress Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum Other medicines (especially strong pain medicines such as opioids, antidepressants, and iron pills) Medical problems such as irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS), diabetes, and colorectal cancer (rarely) Pregnancy Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fiber. Good sources of fiber are fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grain bread and cereal. Eat bran cereal or add bran cereal to other foods, such as soup. Drink 1 ½ to 2 quarts of water and other fluids a day. ( Note: Milk can cause constipation in some people.) Liquids that contain caffeine, such as coffee and soft drinks, seem to have a dehydrating effect and may need to be avoided until your bowel habits return to normal. Exercise regularly. Move your bowels when you feel the urge.
Question: What are signs of pneumonia?
Answer: Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs, caused by bacteria or viruses. It irritates the air sacs in your lungs, and they fill up with fluid. Signs that you may have it include breathing trouble, fever, chills, and a cough with mucus. Pneumonia can make you feel very tired, and it can take quite a while to feel better.
Question: How does asthma affect your breathing?
Answer: That makes it hard for air to leave the lungs. And when too much air stays in the lungs, you may feel short of breath.
Question: What are signs of pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Pulmonary embolism means that something, usually a blood clot, has blocked an artery in one of your lungs. It's a serious problem that needs medical help right away. Signs of pulmonary embolism are fast breathing, a fast heart rate, and possibly a sharp pain in your chest when you breathe in. Other signs are fever, dizziness, and leg pain or swelling.
Question: What are symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Answer: If you have a urinary tract infection ( UTI), you may have: Pain or burning when you pee Pain in your lower belly, over the bladder (above your pubic bone) An urge to pee right away and often Only being able to pee out small amounts of urine at a time Low back pain Your urine may be: Cloudy Bloody Bad smelling Men can get UTIs, too.
Question: What might your urine be like if you have a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Answer: If you have a urinary tract infection ( UTI), you may have: Pain or burning when you pee Pain in your lower belly, over the bladder (above your pubic bone) An urge to pee right away and often Only being able to pee out small amounts of urine at a time Low back pain Your urine may be: Cloudy Bloody Bad smelling Men can get UTIs, too.
Question: What are more serious symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Answer: They may have: Pain behind the scrotum Painful ejaculation or, rarely, bloody semen If you have symptoms such as a fever, chills, or nausea, it might be a more serious infection, such as a kidney infection, so call your doctor right away. During your prenatal checkups, you'll regularly get a urine test to check for a UTI.
Question: What are insulin pumps?
Answer: Everyone with type 1 diabetes and many people with type 2 need to take insulin to manage their blood sugar levels. It delivers insulin through a thin tube that goes under your skin. Many people use their pump continuously, and others switch to shots when they go on vacation, want infusion sites to heal, or just want a break.
Question: How do insulin pumps work?
Answer: The device releases insulin almost the way your body naturally would: a steady flow throughout the day and night, called basal insulin, and an extra dose at mealtime, called a bolus, to handle rising blood sugar from the food you eat. You program the pump for both basal and bolus doses. If you eat more than normal, you can program a larger bolus to cover the carbs in your food. Insulin pumps use short-acting and rapid-acting insulin, but not long-acting, since the pump is programmed to deliver a small amount continuously to keep your blood sugar levels even. It's easier to plan for exercise. You don't want to check your blood sugar at least four times a day. Does the pump come with carb counts of common foods to help you decide how much insulin you need? And remember that whatever treatment you use, you can change your mind.
Question: When does the insulin pump deliver insulin?
Answer: The device releases insulin almost the way your body naturally would: a steady flow throughout the day and night, called basal insulin, and an extra dose at mealtime, called a bolus, to handle rising blood sugar from the food you eat. If you eat more than normal, you can program a larger bolus to cover the carbs in your food. Insulin pumps use short-acting and rapid-acting insulin, but not long-acting, since the pump is programmed to deliver a small amount continuously to keep your blood sugar levels even. You don't want to check your blood sugar at least four times a day. Does the pump come with carb counts of common foods to help you decide how much insulin you need?
Question: Why does depression affect sex?
Answer: Both depression and some depression medications can cause sexual problems. Depression has a tendency to reduce the sex drive and affect personal relationships. On top of that, some depression medications have been shown to also reduce libido or sexual functioning.