anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does rheumatoid arthritis affect the joints?
Answer: You may have: Inflammation Swelling Stiffness Pain Although the condition can affect any joint, it's especially likely in your: Knuckles Toes Wrists Elbows Ankles Knees It's less common, but you can get rheumatoid arthritis in your neck, hips, and shoulders.
Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. But because they take weeks or months to relieve symptoms, they're often taken with an NSAID. Methotrexate is usually the main DMARD doctors prescribe for JRA.
Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.
Question: Should juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment include physical therapy?
Answer: Your child's JRA treatment should include physical therapy. It helps keep their muscles strong so that their joints can move as well as possible. A physiatrist or a physical therapist can create an exercise program for your child. The specialist also may recommend using splints and other devices to help maintain normal bone and joint growth.
Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.
Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.
Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.
Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth.
Question: What can happen if bulimia is left untreated?
Answer: The following are common signs of bulimia: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Evidence of purging, including trips to the bathroom after meals, sounds or smells of vomiting, or packages of laxatives or diuretics Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others, or eating very small portions Exercising excessively Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Complaining about being âfatâ Using gum, mouthwash, or mints excessively Constantly dieting Scarred knuckles from repeatedly inducing vomiting If left untreated, bulimia can result in long-term health problems such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding from the esophagus due to excessive reflux of stomach acid, dental problems, and kidney problems. However, bulimia can be treated successfully through cognitive-behavioral therapy, certain anticonvulsant medicines, antidepressants, or combinations of these therapies. It's important to seek help if you think someone you care about has bulimia.
Question: What are common signs of bulimia?
Answer: The following are common signs of bulimia: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Evidence of purging, including trips to the bathroom after meals, sounds or smells of vomiting, or packages of laxatives or diuretics Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others, or eating very small portions Exercising excessively Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Complaining about being âfatâ Using gum, mouthwash, or mints excessively Constantly dieting Scarred knuckles from repeatedly inducing vomiting If left untreated, bulimia can result in long-term health problems such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding from the esophagus due to excessive reflux of stomach acid, dental problems, and kidney problems.
Question: What is bulimia nervosa like?
Answer: People with bulimia nervosa have episodes of eating large amounts of food (called bingeing) followed by purging (vomiting or using laxatives), fasting, or exercising excessively to compensate for the overeating. Unlike anorexia, people with bulimia are often a normal weight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image. They see themselves as âfatâ and desperately want to lose weight. Because they often feel ashamed and disgusted with themselves, people with bulimia become very good at hiding the bulimic behaviors.
Question: What are common signs of binge eating disorder?
Answer: Common signs of binge eating disorder include: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Hoarding food, or hiding large quantities of food in strange places Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others Constantly dieting, but rarely losing weight Because binge eating leads to obesity, it can have serious health consequences if left untreated.
Question: How do eating disorders develop?
Answer: Eating disorders tend to develop during the teenage and young adult years, and they are much more common in girls and women. No one knows the precise cause of eating disorders, but they seem to coexist with psychological and medical issues such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trouble coping with emotions, and substance abuse. For some people, a preoccupation with food becomes a way to gain control over one aspect of their lives. Although it may start out as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior can spiral out of control and take over the person's life. Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated.
Question: What can happen if anorexia is left untreated?
Answer: Refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats Avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others Preparing elaborate meals for others but refusing to eat them Exercising excessively Making comments about being âfatâ Stopping menstruating Complaining about constipation or stomach pain Denying that extreme thinness is a problem Because people with anorexia are so good at hiding it, the disease may become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong. If you think someone you care about has anorexia, it's important to have them evaluated by a doctor right away. If left untreated, anorexia can lead to serious complications such as malnutrition and organ failure. However, with treatment, most people with anorexia will gain back the weight they lost, and the physical problems they developed as a result of the anorexia will get better.
Question: What is binge eating disorder like?
Answer: Binge eating disorder . It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. Because they often feel ashamed and disgusted with themselves, people with bulimia become very good at hiding the bulimic behaviors. Because people with binge eating disorder do not purge, fast, or exercise after they binge, they are usually overweight or obese. Unlike other eating disorders, binge eating disorder is almost as common in men as it is in women. According to statistics from the National Institute of Mental Health, the average age at onset for binge eating disorder is 25, and it is more common in people under age 60.
Question: What is anorexia nervosa like?
Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. About one-third to one-half of anorexics also binge and purge by vomiting or misusing laxatives. People with anorexia have a distorted body image, thinking they are overweight when in fact they are underweight. They may count calories obsessively and only allow themselves tiny portions of certain specific foods. When confronted, someone with anorexia will often deny that there's a problem. The signs of anorexia can be subtle at first, because it develops gradually. It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event like a school dance or a beach vacation. But as the disorder takes hold, preoccupation with weight intensifies. It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image.
Question: What are the symptoms and behaviors common in people with anorexia?
Answer: Refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats Avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others Preparing elaborate meals for others but refusing to eat them Exercising excessively Making comments about being âfatâ Stopping menstruating Complaining about constipation or stomach pain Denying that extreme thinness is a problem Because people with anorexia are so good at hiding it, the disease may become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat.
Question: What are the different types of eating disorders?
Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. People with anorexia feel they can never be thin enough and continue to see themselves as âfatâ despite extreme weight loss. Bulimia nervosa. The condition is marked by cycles of extreme overeating, known as bingeing, followed by purging or other behaviors to compensate for the overeating. It is also associated with feelings of loss of control about eating. Binge eating disorder . This is characterized by regular episodes of extreme overeating and feelings of loss of control about eating. It's common for people with eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on.
Question: What can happen if binge eating disorder is left untreated?
Answer: Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat. The stimulant drug Vyvanse is FDA-approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder. Also, because depression often goes hand in hand with binge eating disorder, antidepressants and psychotherapy may also help. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of an eating disorder is the first step toward getting help for it. Eating disorders are treatable, and with the right treatment and support, most people with an eating disorder can learn healthy eating habits and get their lives back on track.
Question: Should I get antibiotics for a cold?
Answer: Antibiotics fight bacteria, but that won't help your cold, which is caused by a virus. But your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if you have some complications. For instance, if your sinuses are blocked and can't drain properly, you can get inflammation and a bacterial infection. The symptoms may be a runny or stuffy nose, pain and pressure in your face, and a headache. Also, you can sometimes get an ear infection after a cold, and you might need antibiotics to treat it. Symptoms include ear pain, fever, or a feeling of fullness in the ears.
Question: What is the difference between a cold and the flu?
Answer: These illnesses are caused by different viruses. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. In general, cold symptoms are much milder than flu symptoms. The symptoms of a cold include things like: Sore throat Stuffy nose Runny nose Cough Mild fever The flu, on the other hand, often causes higher fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue.
Question: What are the best over-the-counter medicines for a cold?
Answer: Over-the-counter medicines can give you relief from aches and fever: Aspirin. People under age 20 should not take it because of the risk of Reye's syndrome. Decongestants. They can help make breathing easier. But don't use sprays for more than 3 days because they can cause swelling in passageways in your nose and make your symptoms worse. Saline nasal sprays. They can also open breathing passages and may be used freely. Cough preparations. They aren't hugely effective. For minor coughs, water and fruit juices probably help the most. The FDA says that over-the-counter cough and cold medicines should not be given to children under age 4. For relief from a sore throat, try gargling with salt water.
Question: Why does washing your hands prevent colds?
Answer: If people cough or sneeze into their hands without a tissue, they can spread the virus to every surface they touch. If you touch that same spot, you'll pick it up. If you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, you've just infected yourself.
Question: When should I stay home if I have a cold?
Answer: You're contagious for the first few days of your cold, so it's best to stay home then. You need to be careful about coughing and sneezing around other people. Also, you will get better quicker if you get some rest.
Question: What are the best fluids to drink when you have a cold?
Answer: Avoid drinks with caffeine like coffee, tea, and colas. They may rob your body of fluids. When it comes to food, follow your appetite. If you're not really hungry, try simple things like white rice or broth. Chicken soup is comforting, plus the steam helps break up nasal congestion. Ginger seems to settle an upset stomach. A hot toddy may help you sleep, but be careful about drinking alcohol if you also take cold remedies.
Question: Why isn't there a cold vaccine?
Answer: These illnesses are caused by different viruses. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You need to be careful about coughing and sneezing around other people. The only way you get sick is when you come into contact with a virus.
Question: How effective is zinc for colds?
Answer: There are mixed reviews on zinc. Some studies show that zinc nasal sprays can help reduce how long your cold lasts and make your symptoms less severe. And because of the risk of a loss of smell, many experts recommend that you avoid zinc nasal sprays completely.
Question: What can you do to prevent colds naturally?
Answer: Zinc sprays may coat the cold virus and prevent it from attaching to cells in your nose, where they enter your body. Dark-green foods like spinach are loaded with vitamins A and C. Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation. Low-fat yogurt may help activate the immune system. Regular exercise also boosts the immune system. People who do it may still catch a virus, but their symptoms aren't as bad, and they may recover more quickly.
Question: When do you need a prescription to buy over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medicines?
Answer: You don't need a prescription to buy OTC medicine. For the medications that you think of as prescription, you do. Sometimes, the same drug comes in both OTC and prescription versions. The difference is often the strength. For example, hydrocortisone can treat skin reactions including itching and redness. If you're bothered by an insect bite, you can get an OTC cream or spray with a concentration of 1% or less. But for a more severe reaction like eczema, your doctor may prescribe 2.5% hydrocortisone cream or ointment.
Question: How can you remember the signs of melanoma?
Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.
Question: What are the warning signs of skin cancer?
Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.
Question: When should you call your doctor about skin cancer?
Answer: Basal cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A pearly or flesh-colored oval bump with a rolled border, which may develop into a bleeding ulcer A smooth red spot indented in the center A reddish, brown, or bluish black patch of skin on the chest or back Squamous cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A firm, reddish, wart-like bump that grows gradually A flat spot that becomes a bleeding sore that won't heal An existing mole changes size, shape, color, or texture; or you develop a very noticeable new mole as an adult A new skin growth or open sore does not heal or disappear in 6 weeks
Question: How may melanoma appear as?
Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.
Question: How can you check if you have skin cancer?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you are in a high-risk group for skin cancer or have ever been treated for some form of the disease, you should familiarize yourself with how skin cancers look. Examine your skin from head to toe every few months, using a full-length mirror and hand mirror to check your mouth, nose, scalp, palms, soles, backs of ears, genital area, and between the buttocks. Cover every inch of skin and pay special attention to moles and sites of previous skin cancer. If you find a suspicious growth, have it examined by your dermatologist.
Question: How may basal cell carcinoma appear as?
Answer: Basal cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A pearly or flesh-colored oval bump with a rolled border, which may develop into a bleeding ulcer A smooth red spot indented in the center A reddish, brown, or bluish black patch of skin on the chest or back Squamous cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A firm, reddish, wart-like bump that grows gradually A flat spot that becomes a bleeding sore that won't heal An existing mole changes size, shape, color, or texture; or you develop a very noticeable new mole as an adult A new skin growth or open sore does not heal or disappear in 6 weeks
Question: How should I keep track of my IBS triggers and symptoms?
Answer: In a symptom journal, record when and where you experienced any stomach pain, discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Also include what you were doing, how you were feeling, and what type of food or medications you consumed before and when symptoms appeared. All this information may help you and your doctor determine what triggers your IBS. Then you can take reasonable steps such as dietary modification toprevent problems and take control of your life.
Question: Does knowing about your irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) triggers and symptoms help?
Answer: Keeping track of your symptoms is another helpful tool. In a symptom journal, record when and where you experienced any stomach pain, discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Also include what you were doing, how you were feeling, and what type of food or medications you consumed before and when symptoms appeared. All this information may help you and your doctor determine what triggers your IBS. Then you can take reasonable steps such as dietary modification toprevent problems and take control of your life.
Question: How can I get support to manage with my irritable bowel syndrome?
Answer: There are other sources of support if you don't feel comfortable talking with people you know. There are doctors, nurse practitioners, therapists, and dietitians who specialize in IBS and can give you valuable feedback. Ask your doctor if he or she knows of any IBS support groups. The IBS Patient Support Group has meetings online at www.ibspatient.org.
Question: What can make it easier for you to deal with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) at work?
Answer: Let them know that you have a valid chronic illness, and when symptoms flare up, you have no control over it, suggests Roberts. This might mean bringing in educational materials about the disorder. At the same time, tell them that you've got a plan to deal with the syndrome (such as taking medication or going to the bathroom a few times), and that, despite it all, you'll remain a dedicated worker. If you have a problem with your union or boss, it might help to get a note from your doctor, explaining the illness and what might occur with symptoms. You may well find that most people are more supportive if you're honest with them, says Lynn Jacks, founder of an IBS support group in Summit, N. J.
Question: How can you reduce your stress to help with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Meditation and other stress management techniques may also be valuable in dealing with uncomfortable situations. " When you start to get that panic feeling, you can go into that other state of consciousness," says Gerson, noting that regular practice of things like meditation can help you even if you're in the middle of a meeting. "
Question: Where can you get support for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: There are other sources of support if you don't feel comfortable talking with people you know. There are doctors, nurse practitioners, therapists, and dietitians who specialize in IBS and can give you valuable feedback. Ask your doctor if he or she knows of any IBS support groups. The IBS Patient Support Group has meetings online at www.ibspatient.org.