anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do Nucala. Xolair, and Cinqair work to improve asthma control?
Answer: Mepolizumab ( Nucala) is a biologic therapy that has been found to control the blood cells that often trigger asthma. Nucala targets Interluken-5 ( IL-5) which regulates the levels of blood eosinophils (the type of white blood cells that helps trigger asthma). Genetically engineered, Nucala keeps IL-5 from binding to eosinophils and, thereby, lowers the risk of a severe asthma attack. Nucala is administered by injection once every 4 weeks and is meant to be used in conjunction with other asthma treatments as a maintenance medication. By using Nucala, patients have been found to not only experience fewer asthma incidents, but they are able to reduce the amount of their other asthma medications. Side effects include headache and a hypersensitivity reaction that can cause swelling of the face and tongue, dizziness, hives, and breathing problems. Omalizumab( Xolair), an immunomodulator, works differently from other anti-inflammatory medications for asthma . Xolair blocks the activity of Ig E (a protein that is overproduced in people with allergies) before it can lead to asthma attacks. Immunomodulator treatment has been shown to help reduce the number of asthma attacks in people with moderate to severe allergic asthma whose symptoms are not controlled with inhaled steroids. Xolair, a prescription maintenance medication, is given by injection every 2 to 4 weeks. It's recommended for people with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Side effects may include redness, pain, swelling, bruising or itching at the injection site, joint pain, and tiredness. There is a slight increase in risk for problems with the heart and circulation to the brain in people using Xolair. It also carries a boxed warning about a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Reslizumab ( Cinqair) is also maintenance medication. It is used along with regular asthma medicines when those medicines cannot fully control your asthma. This medicine is given every 4 weeks as an intravenous injection over a period of about an hour. This drug works by reducing the number of a specific type of white blood cells called eosinophils that play a role in causing asthma symptoms. It can reduce severe asthma attacks. Side effects include anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction), muscle pain, and cancer.
Question: How do the leukotriene modifiers improve asthma control?
Answer: Montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate), and zileuton ( Zyflo) are called leukotriene modifiers. Leukotrienes are inflammatory chemicals that occur naturally in our bodies and cause tightening of airway muscles and production of mucus. Leukotriene modifier drugs help control asthma by blocking the actions of leukotrienes in the body. Studies show that these medications are helpful in improving airflow and reducing asthma symptoms. The leukotriene modifiers are taken as pills and have been shown to decrease the need for other asthma medications. These medications have also been shown to be effective in people with allergic rhinitis (nasal allergies) and may be effective in people with both allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.
Question: What forms do inhaled steroids for asthma come in?
Answer: Inhaled steroid medications for better asthma control include: Beclomethasone dipropionate( Qvar) Budesonide ( Pulmicort) Budesonide/ Formoterol ( Symbicort) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator drug Fluticasone ( Flovent) Fluticasone inh powder ( Arnuity Ellipta) Fluticasone/ Salmeterol ( Advair) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-actingbronchodilator drug Mometasone ( Asmanex) Mometasone/formoterol ( Dulera) - a combination drug that also includes a long-acting bronchodilator drug Inhaled steroids come in three forms: the hydrofluoroalkane inhaler or HFA (formerly called a metered dose inhaler or MDI), dry powder inhaler ( DPI), and nebulizer solutions.
Question: How do prednisone and systemic steroids work to increase asthma control?
Answer: The benefits of inhaled steroids for better asthma control far exceed their risks, and include: Reduced frequency of asthma attacks Decreased use of beta-agonist bronchodilators (quick relief or rescue inhalers) Improved lung function Reduced emergency room visits and hospitalizations for life-threatening asthma Using systemic steroids (steroids taken by mouth or by injection that can affect the entire body) such as prednisone , prednisolone, and methylprednisolone helps to treat severe asthma episodes, allowing people to gain better asthma control. Prednisone and other steroid drugs may be used to help control sudden and severe asthma attacks or in rare cases to treat long-term, hard-to-control asthma. Most often, prednisone or another steroid is taken in high doses for a few days (called a steroid burst) for more a severe asthma attack. Side effects of systemic steroids can include weakness, acne , weight gain, mood or behavior changes, upset stomach, bone loss, eye changes, and slowing of growth. These side effects rarely occur with short-term use, such as for an acute asthma attack.
Question: How does the use of inhaled steroids treat asthma?
Answer: Inhaled steroids are the mainstay treatment for controlling asthma. The use of inhaled steroids leads to: Better asthma control Fewer symptoms and flare-ups Reduced need for hospitalization Steroids may help asthma symptoms during an attack but are slow acting and can take several hours to take effect.
Question: What are the side effects of inhaled steroids for asthma?
Answer: Inhaled steroids have fewside effects, especially at lower doses. Thrush (a yeast infection in the mouth) and hoarseness may occur, although this is rare. Rinsing the mouth, gargling after using the asthma inhaler, and using a spacer device with metered dose inhalers can help prevent these side effects. Thrush is easily treated with a prescription antifungal lozenge or rinse. Inhaled steroids (asthma inhalers) are safe for adults and children. Side effects with these anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers are minimal. Your doctor will prescribe the lowest dose that effectively controls your child's or your asthma. On a side note, many parents are concerned about giving their children "steroids." Inhaled steroids are not the same as anabolic steroids that some athletes take to build muscle. These steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs, the cornerstone of asthma therapy. There are many benefits of using anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers to manage asthma.
Question: What do inhaled steroid medications for improved asthma control include?
Answer: Inhaled steroid medications for better asthma control include: Beclomethasone dipropionate( Qvar) Budesonide ( Pulmicort) Budesonide/ Formoterol ( Symbicort) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator drug Fluticasone ( Flovent) Fluticasone inh powder ( Arnuity Ellipta) Fluticasone/ Salmeterol ( Advair) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-actingbronchodilator drug Mometasone ( Asmanex) Mometasone/formoterol ( Dulera) - a combination drug that also includes a long-acting bronchodilator drug Inhaled steroids come in three forms: the hydrofluoroalkane inhaler or HFA (formerly called a metered dose inhaler or MDI), dry powder inhaler ( DPI), and nebulizer solutions.
Question: How do anticholinergics work to improve asthma control?
Answer: Anticholinergics relax and enlarge (dilate) the airways in the lungs, making breathing easier (bronchodilators). Tiotropium bromide is a maintenance medication used once a day along with other maintenance drugs when tighter control is needed for symptom relief . It is not a rescue inhaler. This drug may be used by individuals age 6 and older who have asthma.
Question: What are the main types of steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma?
Answer: The key treatments for asthma are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs. Other anti-inflammatory treatments include leukotriene modifiers, anticholinergics, and immunomodulators.
Question: What are the side effects of anticholinergics for asthma?
Answer: The most common side effects of leukotriene modifiers are headache,nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and irritability. Other reactions include dizziness, diarrhea, cough, allergic rhinitis, urinary tract infections and urinary retention, yeast infections in the mouth or throat, and high blood pressure (hypertension).
Question: What are the side effects of leukotriene modifiers for asthma?
Answer: Leukotriene modifiers may interfere with other medications (for example, theophylline and the blood thinnerwarfarin). Make sure you inform your doctor of all the medications you are taking. The most common side effects are pharyngitis, headache, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
Question: How is asthma treated?
Answer: The key treatments for asthma are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs. As a result, the airways are less inflamed and less likely to react to asthma triggers , allowing people with symptoms of asthma to have better control over their condition. These steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs, the cornerstone of asthma therapy. Prednisone and other steroid drugs may be used to help control sudden and severe asthma attacks or in rare cases to treat long-term, hard-to-control asthma.
Question: How can I protect myself from pneumonia?
Answer: Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are similar to the flu, and include: Fever Dry cough Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Muscle pain Added symptoms that may occur about a day later include: High fever Cough with mucus Shortness of breath Additional symptoms of severe cases can include: Extreme breathlessness Blue tint on lips or under the nails Get a viral influenza (flu) vaccine (shot) each year. Flu vaccines are prepared annually in anticipation of that year's virus strain. Influenza can make pneumonia infection more likely. Get the pneumonia vaccine to protect yourself against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Get treated for any other infections in the respiratory system, especially those in the lungs. Wash your hands before eating, before preparing food, and after going outside. Try to avoid people who have colds or the flu. Ask them to visit you when they are feeling better. Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and get plenty of rest. Contact your doctor if you think you have symptoms. Don't wait for symptoms to worsen, as you may develop an emergency condition. Don't smoke. Don't use alcohol heavily.
Question: Who should get the pneumonia vaccine?
Answer: Pneumonia is inflammation or swelling in the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other fluids, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. Symptoms include: High fever (up to 105 degrees) Drowsiness Rapid breathing Chills Cough with mucus (may be greenish or have blood) Chest pain Blue tint on lips or under the nails (severe cases) You should get the pneumonia vaccine if you: Are over age 65. Have a chronic illness, such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, heart disease, or lung disease. Have HIV or AIDS. Have a weak immune system from another cause, such as from certain kidney diseases and some cancers, or have had your spleen removed. Are taking drugs, such as prednisone that weaken the immune system.
Question: What are symptoms of bacterial pneumonia?
Answer: Pneumonia is inflammation or swelling in the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other fluids, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. Pneumonia can be typical or atypical. Symptoms include: High fever (up to 105 degrees) Drowsiness Rapid breathing Chills Cough with mucus (may be greenish or have blood) Chest pain Blue tint on lips or under the nails (severe cases) You should get the pneumonia vaccine if you: Are over age 65.
Question: What does the doctor need to know when diagnosing tinnitus?
Answer: What Your Doctor Needs to Know About Tinnitus How tinnitus affects your life is important for diagnosis and treatment. Your doctor may ask: What are your symptoms? Do the symptoms make it hard to concentrate, sleep, or work? Has tinnitus caused relationship problems or made it hard to do daily tasks? Loud noises and aging are common causes of tinnitus. A health problem, such as thyroid imbalance or high blood pressure, can also cause it. So can earwax, if it blocks the ear canal. Some medications may also trigger tinnitus. Sometimes, there is no clear cause.
Question: What can trigger tinnitus?
Answer: Certain things can trigger bouts of tinnitus, or worsen it. Your doctor may ask: Do you drink alcohol or caffeine? Do you smoke cigarettes? Are you under a lot of stress?
Question: What are some questions to ask about the treatment for tinnitus?
Answer: What is tinnitus? You may want to ask your doctor these questions to learn about your options: What are the treatments for tinnitus? Are there any risks or side effects from the treatment? What can I do on my own to manage tinnitus? How can I stop tinnitus from getting worse?
Question: What are questions doctors might ask to diagnose tinnitus?
Answer: What over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or natural remedies do you take, if any? Have you ever had any head or neck injuries? You may want to ask your doctor these questions to learn about your options: What are the treatments for tinnitus?
Question: What should patients ask their doctor about tinnitus?
Answer: Loud noises and aging are common causes of tinnitus. Ask your doctor these questions so you better understand your condition. Can you tell what's causing my tinnitus? Will it go away on its own? Can other people hear the noise in my ears? Will tinnitus damage my hearing? Does having tinnitus mean I have hearing loss?
Question: What is an electric implant?
Answer: Electric Implant : The Maestro Rechargeable System works like a pacemaker to deliver electrical pulses to a nerve between the stomach and the brain , called the vagus nerve. This nerve tells the brain when the stomach is full. The device is implanted in the abdomen and has a remote control that can adjust it from outside the body.
Question: What is an adjustable gastric?
Answer: Adjustable Gastric Band: The surgeon puts a small band around the top of your stomach. The band has a small balloon inside it that controls how tight or loose the band is. The band limits how much food can go into your stomach. This surgery is done using a laparoscope.
Question: What is a gastric sleeve?
Answer: Gastric Sleeve: This surgery removes most of the stomach and leaves only a narrow section of the upper part of the stomach, called a gastric sleeve. The surgery may also curb the hunger hormone ghrelin, so you eat less.
Question: Do you still have to eat healthy if you have weight loss surgery?
Answer: With any type of weight loss surgery, you still must focus on eating a healthy diet and becoming more active as part of your lifestyle.
Question: Can teens get weight loss surgery?
Answer: Teens usually don't get weight loss surgery unless they're extremely obese, with a body mass index ( BMI) of at least 35, and with a weight-related condition. If you're thinking about it, talk to your doctor about whether it's a good option for you.
Question: What is a duodenal switch?
Answer: Duodenal Switch: This is complicated surgery that removes most of the stomach and uses a gastric sleeve to bypass most of your small intestine. It limits how much you can eat. It also means your body doesn't get as much of a chance to absorb nutrients from your food, which could mean you don't get enough of the vitamins and minerals you need.
Question: What are benefits of weight loss surgery?
Answer: After weight loss surgery, most people lose weight for 18-24 months. At that point, many people start to regain some of their lost weight, but few regain it all. If you had any medical conditions related to obesity, those usually improve after weight loss surgery. Some conditions, such as diabetes, can improve quickly. Others, such as high blood pressure, may take a little longer.
Question: Can gallstones form after weight loss surgery?
Answer: Gallstones can form when you lose a lot of weight quickly. To help prevent them, your doctor may recommend taking supplemental bile salts for the first 6 months after surgery.
Question: Am I a candidate for weight loss surgery?
Answer: You're committed to making lifestyle changes to keep the weight off. It limits how much you can eat. If you had any medical conditions related to obesity, those usually improve after weight loss surgery.
Question: What are side effects of weight loss surgery?
Answer: It also means your body doesn't get as much of a chance to absorb nutrients from your food, which could mean you don't get enough of the vitamins and minerals you need. The device is implanted in the abdomen and has a remote control that can adjust it from outside the body. Symptoms include nausea, weakness, sweating, faintness, diarrhea after eating, and not being able to eat sweets without feeling very weak.
Question: What is a sports physical?
Answer: A sports physical -- also known as a pre-participation physical examination -- is a check-up to assess a teen's health and fitness as it relates to a sport. It is not the same as a regular physical. During the sports physical, the health care provider looks for any diseases or injuries that could make it unsafe to participate in sports by reviewing the family's medical history to ensure additional tests are performed if necessary.
Question: How can I be prepared for a drug allergy?
Answer: If you know you have a drug allergy, tell all your health care providers before you get any type of treatment, including dental care. It's also good idea to carry a card or wear a special bracelet or pendant that identifies your allergy, in case of emergency.
Question: What are symptoms of being allergic to medicine?
Answer: But during an allergic reaction, the release of histamine can cause symptoms like hives, a skin rash, itchy skin or eyes, congestion, and swelling in the mouth and throat.
Question: What are the most common drug allergies?
Answer: Other meds commonly found to cause allergic reactions include sulfa drugs, barbiturates, anti-seizure drugs, and insulin. Getting an allergy test to find out if the severe reaction was a "true" allergic response isn't needed if there are other drug options.
Question: Should my specialists for multiple sclerosis keep in touch?
Answer: If you have more than one specialist on your team, make sure they stay in touch. This is especially important if you have another health condition besides MS. Use only one pharmacy if you can.
Question: How do I make the most of multiple sclerosis doctor visits?
Answer: It's important to be able to discuss any concerns you have about your multiple sclerosis. Do your best to find a doctor who you're comfortable with -- someone who respects and listens to you. Think about other factors, too, like travel time for office visits and insurance coverage.
Question: What should I tell my doctor about my multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Let your doctor know if: You feel hopeless or like you can't handle the disease. You're afraid of any part of treatment, like needles or side effects. You've had a bad experience with other health care providers. You're confused by different messages from members of your health care team.
Question: How can I best prepare for my appointments with my multiple sclerosis doctor?
Answer: Do your best to find a doctor who you're comfortable with -- someone who respects and listens to you. Be as prepared as you can for your appointments. Some steps to try: Keep track of how you're feeling in a notebook, but remember that your symptoms may not all be due to MS. Note how often the symptoms happen, when you have them, and how bad they usually are. Give your doctor an updated list of all your medications and contact information for other doctors. Bring a list of your top questions to each of your visits. Ask your doctor about your biggest worry first. Are you feeling more depressed or anxious? Having trouble staying focused? Your doctor won't be able to guess what's on your mind. Speak up, even about issues that are hard to discuss, such as sexual changes, mood problems, or bowel troubles. Be as clear and concise as you can, but don't be afraid to ask for help understanding or for more information.
Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I exercise to normalize my bowel movement?
Answer: It's a great way to get your digestive tract going.
Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I use stool softeners to normalize my bowel movement?
Answer: But only if your doctor says it's OK.
Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have diarrhea?
Answer: It usually happens because of allergies or sensitivity to spicy foods or dairy products, bad water or food, a change in activity level, or an infection. Diarrhea can also signal another problem. If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. In some cases, she may tell you to see a doctor who specializes in treating bowel problems, called a gastroenterologist.
Question: What are some struggles with having multiple sclerosis and bowel problems?
Answer: If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), your bathroom habits may not be what they used to be. You might have bowel movements a lot more, not as much, or it may be harder to go. Talk to your doctor about these troubles. She can suggest ways to make things regular. But there are also simple ways to adjust your habits to make bathroom visits more predictable.
Question: How does exercise get bowel movements back to normal?
Answer: It's a great way to get your digestive tract going.
Question: How does drinking more fluids get bowel movements back to normal if you have multiple sclerosis?
Answer: You might be tempted to cut back on it if your MS gives you bladder problems. But that makes constipation worse. Make your first beverage of the day something hot, such as hot water or apple cider, or drink 1/2 to 1 cup of prune juice in the morning to get things moving.
Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have constipation?
Answer: It's very common for people with MS. The disease can interrupt the messages nerves send to and from the brain that signal that it's time for a bowel movement. MS can also keep pelvic floor muscles from relaxing, which helps your body get rid of stool. Also, it can stop the natural increase in activity of your colon after you eat.
Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I stick to a schedule to normalize my bowel movement?
Answer: If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. Try going right after meals since eating is a natural way to prompt a bowel movement. Try to wait no more than 2 to 3 days between bowel movements.
Question: How does sticking to a schedule get bowel movements back to normal?
Answer: If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. Try going right after meals since eating is a natural way to prompt a bowel movement. Try to wait no more than 2 to 3 days between bowel movements.
Question: How can I control my diarrhea?
Answer: Diarrhea . Drink more liquids to make up for what your body is losing. Try water, lemonade or fruit-flavored drinks, fruit or vegetable juice, broth, milk, or soup. Talk with your doctor or dietitian about how much fiber you should eat. Eat soft foods that have a lot of liquid, such as sherbet, yogurt, and pudding. Ask your doctor whether changing your medications might help relieve the diarrhea.
Question: What are symptoms of pericoronitis?
Answer: If the pericoronitis is severe, the swelling and infection may extend beyond the jaw to the cheeks and neck. Symptoms of pericoronitis can include: Pain Infection Swelling in the gum tissue (caused by an accumulation of fluid) A "bad taste" in the mouth (caused by pus leaking from the gums) Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck Difficulty opening the mouth Your dentist will examine your wisdom teeth to see how they are coming in, and determine if they are partially erupted.