anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Why does LASIK cause dry eyes?
Answer: Dry eye is the most common complication for LASIK. About 95% of people report dry eye symptoms just after the procedure. Researchers don't fully understand why this happens, but they have some ideas. The surgery can cause some corneal nerve damage. During the procedure, the surgeon reshapes your cornea by removing some of the tissue under it. In the process, the surgeon cuts some of the nerves in your cornea. That doesn't affect your vision. But it may break down the communication between your cornea and the tear glands for a while. This usually returns to normal quickly. Another possible cause is inflammation from the surgery. Also, the new shape of your cornea may change the way your eyelid interacts with the surface of your eye. That may affect blinking or tear production. And that can lead to dry eye.
Question: What foods are rich in vitamin C?
Answer: What to eat: Citrus fruits -- oranges, grapefruit, tangerines -- are what most people think of. But bell peppers, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts have even more. Leafy greens and berries are also good sources.
Question: Is vitamin K important if I take the blood thinner warfarin?
Answer: What else you need to know: People who take the blood thinner warfarin need to eat a steady amount of vitamin K to make sure their medication keeps working right. Talk to your doctor about what that means for you.
Question: What are the two forms of vitamin A?
Answer: What to eat: There are basically two forms of this vitamin -- retinoids and carotenoids -- and they have different jobs in your body. Retinol is in animal products, including milk, liver, and certain fortified foods. Beta-carotene is what gives orange vegetables and some fruits -- sweet potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, papaya -- their hue. Spinach and other dark-green, leafy veggies also have a lot.
Question: Does vitamin E raise your risk of bleeding?
Answer: What else you need to know: You'll have a higher chance of bleeding if you're taking a blood thinner medicine like warfarin ( Coumadin) or daily aspirin and vitamin E supplements. Doctors don't recommend taking it if you're getting chemotherapy or radiation for cancer.
Question: Should I take more vitamin C?
Answer: What else you need to know: Your body can only handle so much vitamin C daily, so taking a lot doesn't really make a difference. And high doses may cause tummy troubles. It's more important to eat a mix of vegetables and fruits every day. If you're being treated for cancer or you're taking a statin drug for high cholesterol, don't take a supplement until you've talked to your doctor about it.
Question: What can happen if I take too much vitamin B6?
Answer: What else you need to know: Overdoing B6 supplements can cause skin sores, a sensitivity to light, nausea, and heartburn. If you take too much for more than a year, you could have problems with your nerves and lose control of movements.
Question: What is homocysteine?
Answer: The trio of B6, folate ( B9), and B12 can lower your levels of homocysteine, a protein that's linked to a greater risk for heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. But we can't say for sure that lowering homocysteine will also lower your risk for disease.
Question: How is vitamin D linked to inflammatory diseases?
Answer: Too little has been linked to inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. But it's unclear whether raising D levels will stave off these illnesses or prevent some age-related diseases. In the lab, this vitamin shows a significant anti-inflammatory effect on cells. There's also some evidence that D can lessen the ongoing pain from inflammation.
Question: What are the types of cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol is a kind of fat in your blood. It's often called "bad" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol because it carries LDL cholesterol back to your liver, where it's broken down to be flushed out.
Question: How does testosterone affect cholesterol levels?
Answer: But higher testosterone can lead to lower levels of "good" cholesterol in healthy men between the ages of 20 and 50. Researchers haven't seen that happen in older men who take testosterone supplements, though. But other studies suggest that some men might be more likely to have heart trouble if they take testosterone supplements.
Question: What is testosterone and is it linked to cholesterol?
Answer: It helps control growth and development and is linked to sex drive, muscle, and bone mass. Researchers are studying the idea that it's also linked to cholesterol in some way. Some think it might help prevent heart disease, but there's no proof of that yet. The bottom line is that more study is needed for doctors to better understand the risks and benefits of using testosterone supplements.
Question: How can diabetes cause secondary bedwetting?
Answer: Diabetes: People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body increases urine output to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to urinate frequently is a common symptom of diabetes.
Question: What role does genetics play in bedwetting?
Answer: Bedwetting does tend to run in families. Many children who wet the bed have a parent who did too. Most of these children stop bedwetting on their own at about the same age their parent did.
Question: Why does my child wet the bed?
Answer: While bedwetting can be a symptom of an underlying disease, a large majority of children who wet the bed have no underlying disease that explains their bedwetting. In fact, an underlying condition is identified in only about 1% of children who routinely wet the bed. That does not mean that the child who wets the bed can control it or is doing it on purpose. Children who wet are not lazy, willful, or disobedient. Bedwetting is most often a developmental issue.
Question: How can a urinary tract infection cause secondary bedwetting?
Answer: Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection: The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with urination, a stronger urge to urinate (urgency), and frequent urination (frequency). Urinary tract infections in children may indicate another problem, such as an anatomical abnormality.
Question: How can structural or anatomical abnormalities cause secondary bedwetting?
Answer: Structural or anatomical abnormality: An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in urination can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.
Question: What are the types of bedwetting?
Answer: Primary means bedwetting that has been ongoing since early childhood without a break. A child with primary bedwetting has never been dry at night for any significant length of time. Secondary bedwetting is bedwetting that starts up after the child has been dry at night for a significant period of time, at least 6 months. Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem.
Question: What allergy or cold medications should I avoid if I have high blood pressure?
Answer: Don't take decongestants unless your doctor tells you otherwise. They may raise your blood pressure. They also keep some high blood pressure drugs from working the way they should. Be careful, because many allergy medications contain antihistamines and a decongestant. Ask your pharmacist to check the ingredients for you.
Question: What should I do if my pet is choking?
Answer: If your pet is unconscious, open its mouth and try to clear the object out with your fingers. If the animal is conscious, do a modified Heimlich maneuver. Place the pet on its side, applying pressure right behind the ribs and pressing your hands forward. This may help push the item out. Get someone else to drive to the vet so you can continue to do this on the way.
Question: What should I do if my pet was poisoned?
Answer: But don't panic. Many of these have antidotes. Call the Animal Poison Control hotline at 888-426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at 800-213-6680 immediately. They can probably help you even before you get to the vet. ( Understand, however that there is a fee for the advice.)
Question: What should I do if my pet is having seizures?
Answer: A seizure will generally pass on its own in less than 3 minutes. Your job is to make sure the animal is safe while it's happening. Get any movable furniture away from the pet. Don't put your hands or your face near the animal's mouth, and don't pull its tongue out of the mouth. When the seizure is over, contact your vet.
Question: What should I do if my pet was hit by car?
Answer: An animal in pain is more likely to bite. So muzzle it first with a scarf, belt, or towel, unless it’s vomiting. Get the animal off the road by gently sliding it onto a towel or blanket (these should be in your car's first-aid kit). Don't lift the animal. Make sure it’s warm, as it may be in shock. If it seems to have any broken bones, do your best to not move it too much.
Question: What should I do if my dog is bitten by another dog?
Answer: If another dog bites your pet, get to the clinic as soon as possible. Dog bites can pull a lot of hair and debris into the wound. If it’s not cleaned out soon, it can become infected.
Question: What should I do if my pet has bee and wasp stings?
Answer: If it’s not cleaned out soon, it can become infected. An antihistamine like Benadryl will relieve some of the symptoms, but call your vet to ask how much to give. If you notice any swelling on the face or neck, or hives all over the body, get the animal to the vet right away. This could be a severe anaphylactic reaction -- a definite emergency.
Question: What should I do if my pet is affected by heatstroke?
Answer: If it seems to have any broken bones, do your best to not move it too much. Don't put your hands or your face near the animal's mouth, and don't pull its tongue out of the mouth. You can also gently hose the animal down with cool water, especially the belly, before transporting it to the vet. Do not cool your pet down too quickly as this can be dangerous.
Question: What senses milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: During the first three months, babies have a lot of trouble distinguishing color contrasts, which was why your newborn preferred bright colors and black-and-white objects. Now at four months, baby's vision has sharpened to about 20/40. Babies at this age can pick out more subtle color contrasts, such as a red button on a red shirt. They also can see across the room, although they still prefer looking at people close-up.
Question: What are some tips for your babyâs fourth month?
Answer: Give your baby lots of new textures to explore, such as books like Pat the Bunny and other touch-and-feel board books. Spend at least a few minutes reading or singing to your baby every day. She will love being in your arms and hearing the sound of your voice -- even if you can't carry a tune. Though your baby is not yet crawling and probably isn't even rolling over, it's time to start seriously thinking about childproofing. Put locks on cabinets, snap gates across stairways, and store any cleaning products or other potentially dangerous materials high up and far away from baby's curious fingers.
Question: What should be checked for in your 4-month-old's well-baby visit?
Answer: Here are a few of the items that should be on the checklist for your 4-month well-baby pediatrician visit: Height and weight Milestones Vaccinations Hearing and vision Eating Sleeping Before you go to the doctor's office, make a list of any concerns you have and any questions you want to ask, and then use the list to be sure you get all the information and help you need.
Question: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: Her hands now work together to move a toy or shake a rattle. In fact, those hands will grab for just about anything within reach, including a stuffed animal, your hair, and any colorful or shiny object hanging nearby. By now, your baby's head should no longer be wobbly. Four-month-olds have pretty good head control while sitting supported, and they can hold their head and chest upright while lying on their stomach during tummy time. They also can kick and push with their feet. Some babies have even figured out how to roll from tummy to back at this point.
Question: What growth milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: By your baby's fourth month, you both should be enjoying a full night's sleep. Here are a few of the items that should be on the checklist for your 4-month well-baby pediatrician visit: Height and weight Milestones Vaccinations Hearing and vision Eating Sleeping Before you go to the doctor's office, make a list of any concerns you have and any questions you want to ask, and then use the list to be sure you get all the information and help you need.
Question: What communication milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: They also can see across the room, although they still prefer looking at people close-up. You also may notice that your baby's eyes are starting to change color. When she drops something on the floor, you pick it up. Many babies delight in dropping the same object over and over and over again, just to watch their parents repeatedly pick it up. Babies at this age are learning to be effective communicators. They express themselves through coos, vowel sounds such as ooh and aah, squeals, gurgles, and laughter. You'll notice that your baby can use her face to express a wide range of emotions, from a beaming happy smile, to a crunched-up angry face, to open-mouthed surprise. Your 4-month-old is also starting to learn how to read emotions from your voice and facial expressions.
Question: What eating milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: But depending on your baby's size -- bigger babies may not be satisfied with breast milk or formula alone -- and readiness, your doctor may say it's OK to start solids at four months. Before that first feeding, make sure that your baby has good head and neck control and can sit upright with support. Babies at this age may still have a strong tongue-thrust reflex. If you put a spoon of cereal in your baby's mouth and she pushes it right back out, you may need to wait a week or two before trying solids again.
Question: What sleep milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: By now, your baby's head should no longer be wobbly. Add in two naps, and baby should be sleeping a total of 14 to 16 hours a day. Babies at this age are learning to be effective communicators.
Question: What milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?
Answer: Babies at this age love to express themselves through smiles, laughs, gurgles, and coos. Your baby is becoming more dexterous and doing more with her hands.
Question: How is the drug methotrexate used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: It can slow down progressive forms of MS and may put off problems in your shoulders, arms, and hands. One study showed that it was safe to use for at least 3 to 6 years.
Question: How is the drug simvastatin (Zocor) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: It's typically used for high cholesterol, but it shows promise in slowing brain shrinkage from secondary progressive MS. And it's considered safe with few side effects.
Question: How is the drug amantadine (Symmetrel) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.
Question: How is the drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: Doctors sometimes recommend it for progressive forms of MS, but results have been mixed. It may slow down your disease and help with symptoms, but it can also come with side effects like nausea and vomiting that can be tough for some people.
Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: Your best bet is to talk it through carefully with your doctor. Ask questions like: What studies show the drug works for MS? What are the side effects and risks for someone with MS? Are there clinical trials I could join?
Question: How is the drug pregabalin (Lyrica) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: This is another option for treating pain from MS. It looks to be safe with few side effects.
Question: How is the drug duloxetine (Cymbalta, Irenka) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.
Question: How long can you use off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: It depends on a lot of things like the dose, other conditions you have, and other medicines you take. For some drugs, there may not be enough research to know. New studies come out all the time, so check with your doctor.
Question: What are the risks of taking off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: Over the years, doctors have prescribed everything from cancer drugs to acne medicine to help with MS. Your doctor might suggest going off-label if approved drugs aren't safe for you. A cancer drug doesn't get tested in someone with MS to see if it acts any differently or to check which dose works best. So there's some extra risk there. That said, many off-label meds for MS often have at least some research behind them. When studies show off-label drugs work for MS, they tend to have fewer risks. What are the side effects and risks for someone with MS?
Question: When will your insurance pay for off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: You may be surprised to find that the medicine is "off-label," which means it isn't approved to treat MS. Is that a good idea, you wonder? New studies come out all the time, so check with your doctor. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.
Question: What should you know about off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: It depends on a lot of things like the dose, other conditions you have, and other medicines you take. If that happens, you may be able to get your doctor to write a letter for you that shows what MS studies have been done with the drug. It may slow down your disease and help with symptoms, but it can also come with side effects like nausea and vomiting that can be tough for some people. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.
Question: How is the drug rituximab (Rituxan) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: A cancer drug doesn't get tested in someone with MS to see if it acts any differently or to check which dose works best. This drug may cut down on your relapses and slow down the disease.
Question: How is the drug cladribine (Leustatin) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS. This drug may cut down on your relapses and slow down the disease.
Question: When should you try off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: You might have allergies to some medicines or find that side effects hit you too hard. Or you might have another condition that means you need to avoid certain medications. In other cases, you might have tried the standard medications and found they didn't get the job done. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.
Question: How is the drug mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: If you use it for more than 10 years or take more than 600 grams over your lifetime, it may raise your risk of cancer. It can slow down relapsing-remitting MS and cut back on relapses.
Question: How is the drug azathioprine (Imuran) used off-label to help treat MS?
Answer: Over the years, doctors have prescribed everything from cancer drugs to acne medicine to help with MS. It can cut the number of relapses you get and keep your MS from getting worse. If you use it for more than 10 years or take more than 600 grams over your lifetime, it may raise your risk of cancer.
Question: Are there hidden dangers if you're allergic to shellfish?
Answer: Similarly, there is a potential for cross contamination at your grocery store's fish counter, so make sure you instruct the counter worker to use different utensils to handle your fresh fish order. Watch for hidden trouble. Fish stock and flavorings like fish sauce (common in Asian dishes) may include fish protein. Some makers add shellfish to imitation meat, like mock crabmeat, for flavoring. Stay out of the kitchen. You might be sensitive to a protein that's released into the air when shellfish is cooked. Avoid steam tables, grills, or stove tops when it's being prepared.
Question: If I'm allergic to shellfish, how can I prevent cross contamination?
Answer: If shellfish is on the menu, tell the server about your allergy. Ask him to make sure the kitchen staff uses separate utensils and work surfaces to make your food. Similarly, there is a potential for cross contamination at your grocery store's fish counter, so make sure you instruct the counter worker to use different utensils to handle your fresh fish order.
Question: Is it okay to smoke while I'm trying to conceive?
Answer: Stop smoking. Smoking can make it harder to get pregnant, and it poses risks to the fetus.
Question: Do you have to update your vaccines before becoming pregnant?
Answer: Your doctor might test for illnesses such as: Rubella, or German measles immunity Chickenpox immunity HIV Hepatitis B immunity Herpes Other STDs (such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Thyroid problems (with a TSH test) Other conditions, such as toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B19 (also called fifth disease) Finally, depending on your ethnicity, your doctor may recommend genetic tests for: Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia (an inherited form of anemia) Genetic diseases common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, such as Tay- Sachs disease If it's time for you to update your vaccines, it's important to do so before you are pregnant. A few specific vaccinations, such as the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella), varicella (the virus that causes chickenpox), or hepatitis A vaccines increase the risk of birth defects. Experts advise that you wait at least 28 days after receiving some of these vaccinations before trying to conceive.
Question: Is it okay to drink while I'm trying to conceive?
Answer: Prior to conception, you and your doctor will need to discuss all medications you are taking, including any over the counter medications.
Question: What should I consider before getting pregnant?
Answer: Having a child will affect everything in your life -- your career, your finances, and your relationship with your spouse or partner, among other things. Nine months can be a pretty short time to figure all of those issues out, so your doctor may be able to give some advice that will help get you ready. Your doctor may also suggest preconception classes at a local hospital if they're available.
Question: What genetic tests might your doctor recommend during a pre-pregnancy checkup?
Answer: Your doctor might test for illnesses such as: Rubella, or German measles immunity Chickenpox immunity HIV Hepatitis B immunity Herpes Other STDs (such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Thyroid problems (with a TSH test) Other conditions, such as toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B19 (also called fifth disease) Finally, depending on your ethnicity, your doctor may recommend genetic tests for: Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia (an inherited form of anemia) Genetic diseases common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, such as Tay- Sachs disease If it's time for you to update your vaccines, it's important to do so before you are pregnant.
Question: Should I see my doctor before trying to get pregnant?
Answer: But a doctor can help even at an early stage. He or she may run tests to make sure that you and your partner don't have any hidden illnesses that could affect your pregnancy or your chances of becoming pregnant. Your doctor can also give you advice about exercise, eating, lifestyle and folic acid supplement. Some studies show that preconception care can increase your chances of becoming pregnant and reduce the risks of miscarriage or birth defects.