anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does mastoiditis develop?
Answer: As mentioned above, mastoiditis most often develops as a result of a middle ear infection. Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone. Less commonly, a growing collection of skin cells called a cholesteatoma, may block drainage of the ear, leading to mastoiditis.
Question: When should you see your doctor if you have mastoiditis?
Answer: If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. If left untreated, mastoiditis can cause serious, even life-threatening, health complications, including hearing loss, blood clot, meningitis, or a brain abscess.
Question: What can happen if mastoiditis is left untreated?
Answer: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. But with early and appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage, these complications can usually be avoided and you can recover completely. If you have an earache, discharge or trouble hearing, see your doctor. He will decide if you need antibiotics to help prevent mastoiditis and other serious health complications.
Question: How is surgery done to treat mastoiditis?
Answer: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. During a myringotomy, the doctor makes a small hole in the eardrum to drain the fluid and relieve pressure from the middle ear. A small tube may be inserted into the middle ear to to keep the hole from closing so as to allow for continued drainage. This is called a mastoidectomy.
Question: How is chronic mastoiditis treated?
Answer: If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. He will decide if you need antibiotics to help prevent mastoiditis and other serious health complications.
Question: What tests are used for mastoiditis?
Answer: If complicated, severe or chronic mastoiditis is suspected, you will be referred for a CT scan to image the mastoid area. If you have an earache, discharge or trouble hearing, see your doctor.
Question: What side effects of fibrates (triglyceride medicines) should make you call your doctor?
Answer: Common side effects include: Back pain Diarrhea or vomiting Gas or bloating Headache Nausea Mild stomach pain Call your doctor right away if you have any of these more severe symptoms: Chest pain or irregular heartbeat Dark-colored urine, pain or burning when you urinate, or decreased urination Muscle aches, cramps, pain, or weakness Severe stomach pain Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice) Never switch the type of niacin you take without talking to your doctor.
Question: When should you tell your doctor about side effects from prescription omega-3s to treat triglycerides?
Answer: Tell your doctor if you have symptoms that bother you or don't go away. Common side effects include: Burping Joint pain Strange taste in your mouth Upset stomach Call your doctor right away if you have any of these more severe symptoms: Chest pain Fever, chills, body aches, or flu symptoms Irregular heartbeat Lifestyle changes are the best way to address high triglycerides, but sometimes doctors do prescribe medications.
Question: Can I take antiviral drugs if I have HIV/AIDS?
Answer: Keep an eye out for these symptoms: Fever (usually high) Severe aches and pains in the joints and muscles and around the eyes Weakness Warm, flushed skin and red, watery eyes Headache Dry cough Sore throat and runny nose The CDC says people with HIV or AIDS who are exposed to the flu should get antiviral drugs for 7 days so they don't develop the illness. If you do get it, take antivirals within the first 2 days of getting sick. They're available by prescription from your doctor. It's OK to take these medications with the drugs you take to manage HIV.
Question: When should I get the flu shot if I have HIV/AIDS?
Answer: By October or November is the ideal time to be vaccinated, but you can get it as late as December. The flu shot starts to work about 2 weeks after you get it. That's why you need to get it early in the fall. The longer you go without it, the more likely you are to get the flu or have complications.
Question: Should I get a flu shot every year if I have HIV/AIDS?
Answer: Flu viruses change each year, so the shot you get this year may not protect you from future strains. Also, your immunity to the virus declines over time. Getting an annual shot helps boost protection.
Question: What are symptoms of the flu in people with HIV/AIDS?
Answer: Keep an eye out for these symptoms: Fever (usually high) Severe aches and pains in the joints and muscles and around the eyes Weakness Warm, flushed skin and red, watery eyes Headache Dry cough Sore throat and runny nose The CDC says people with HIV or AIDS who are exposed to the flu should get antiviral drugs for 7 days so they don't develop the illness.
Question: When should I call my doctor if I feel sick and have HIV/AIDS?
Answer: When you have HIV or AIDS, you have to take your health seriously. Talk to your doctors at the first sign of flu or other illness.
Question: How can I prevent flu complications if I have HIV/AIDS?
Answer: Good hygiene can lower your chances of getting a viral or bacterial infection. Tell family members and friends to cover their mouths when they cough, wash their hands frequently, and avoid rubbing their eyes after touching surfaces. You'll also want to avoid crowds during flu season. To avoid extra stress on your immune system, get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid stress. Stay away from cigarette smoke and other things that pollute the air.
Question: Why is the flu worse for people with HIV/AIDS?
Answer: HIV kills or damages cells in your body's immune system, making it more difficult to fight infections like the flu virus. This means you're more likely to get complications like pneumonia from the flu. And that can raise the odds that you'll wind up in the hospital with heart- and lung-related problems. Flu can also be fatal.
Question: Is there anything I can do to avoid complications of the flu if I have HIV or AIDS?
Answer: And you know that complications like pneumonia can put added stress on a weakened immune system. You just need to know all you can about the flu and to take the easy steps to prevent it. To avoid extra stress on your immune system, get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid stress. It's OK to take these medications with the drugs you take to manage HIV.
Question: What is the best way for people with HIV/AIDS to prevent the flu?
Answer: The vaccine potentially has traces of egg protein in it but it is safe for those with egg allergies. Those who have severe allergies to eggs should receive it from an a doctor who is used to treating severe allergic reactions. The CDC says to get the flu shot instead of the nasal spray version ( Flu Mist). The flu shot uses a dead flu virus. Flu Mist contains a live, weakened flu virus and is only approved for use in healthy people ages 2 to 49. It should not be used if you are severely allergic to the flu vaccine or have a weakened immune system. The CDC says anyone at high risk for pneumonia, including those with HIV/ AIDS, should get the pneumonia vaccine.
Question: Should I get a pneumonia vaccine if I have HIV/AIDs?
Answer: This means you're more likely to get complications like pneumonia from the flu. The pneumonia vaccine prevents one specific type of pneumonia that's caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. This is the most common kind in the U. S. outside of hospitals and institutions. The CDC says anyone at high risk for pneumonia, including those with HIV/ AIDS, should get the pneumonia vaccine. There are actually two pneumoncoccal vaccines. Both are recommended for persons with HIV/ AIDS, but they cannot be given at the same time. Talk to your doctor about your health situation and how best to receive these vaccines.
Question: How can premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or menopause cause anger?
Answer: Some men might joke about it, but the agitation felt during a woman's period is real. With premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD), a more intense but less frequent form of PMS, anger can be extreme. Levels of estrogen and progesterone (hormones) fall the week before a woman's period. This in turn can affect her serotonin levels. The drop in hormones is also the reason for the moodiness associated with menopause.
Question: How can epilepsy cause anger?
Answer: It can cause uncontrollable shaking and even loss of consciousness. That can be scary and confusing for someone. It's rare, but sometimes people lash out right after having a seizure. People with epilepsy are also more likely to feel self-conscious, depressed, and anxious. Sometimes anti-seizure medicines can cause behavior changes or outbursts, particularly in kids.
Question: How can a stroke cause anger?
Answer: A stroke can physically damage the brain. And if it strikes the area responsible for emotions, this can lead to changes in behavior like a rise in irritability. This new shift is typical after such a life-changing scare.
Question: What are useful tips to manage anger caused by medical conditions?
Answer: Here are some other useful tips: Try deep breathing and positive self-talk. Talk through your feelings and seek the support of others. Keep a log of your angry thoughts. Learn to assert yourself in healthy, productive ways. Look for the humor in situations.
Question: How can depression cause anger?
Answer: Irritability often goes along with despair. Depressed men in particular are more likely to have violent explosions. It's often described as âanger turned inward,â but it can be turned outward, too. This mood disorder is treatable with medication and therapy.
Question: How can liver failure cause anger?
Answer: Left untreated, inflammation, the early stages of diseases like cirrhosis and hepatitis, can damage the liver. When this organ fails, it stops removing toxic substances from the body. The buildup of poisons can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a brain disorder that causes personality changes and loss of control.
Question: How can Alzheimerâs cause anger?
Answer: Anger is a common symptom, so caregivers should take a step back and look for the immediate cause, whether it's physical discomfort or trouble communicating. It's rare, but sometimes people lash out right after having a seizure. If the disease attacks the frontal lobe of the brain, which is tied to personality, it can cause aggravation and fury.
Question: How can cholesterol medicine cause anger?
Answer: Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for a number of anxiety conditions such as panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD). But some studies show that these drugs are connected to aggression as well. Experts say that low cholesterol also lowers levels of serotonin (your happiness hormone), which can lead to a short temper and depression.
Question: How can diabetes cause anger?
Answer: You could have some emotions you need to sort through, or there could be a medical reason. People might resent having to change their lifestyle. They might also be scared about how it will affect their future. With diabetes, there is a link between lower-than-normal blood sugar numbers and flying off the handle. This is because the hormones used to control your glucose (sugar) levels are the same ones used to regulate your stress. Keeping your glucose in check will help.
Question: How can anxiety drugs or sleeping pills cause anger?
Answer: A number of conditions and some medical treatments have rage as a side effect. Doctors also may use them treat insomnia. Fits of anger are a rare but harmful side effect of these drugs, especially for those with an already aggressive personality.
Question: What can happen if I don't treat an abscessed tooth?
Answer: Most often that results from: ­ A deep cavity or tooth decay Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease A cracked tooth If you don't treat the infection, it can kill the pulp and lead to an abscess. There are two common types: A periapical abscess forms at the tip of your tooth's root. A periodontal abscess affects the bone next to your tooth. You can get more than one abscess. Or one abscess can travel through the bone and show up in several spots.
Question: Can I prevent an abscessed tooth?
Answer: Most often that results from: ­ A deep cavity or tooth decay Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease A cracked tooth If you don't treat the infection, it can kill the pulp and lead to an abscess. Take these simple steps to keep your teeth and gums healthy: Get regular dental checkups and teeth cleanings. Floss daily to clean hard-to-reach spots between your teeth and gums. Limit sugary foods and drinks. Sweets and sodas lead to cavities, which can cause an abscess. Cut down on snacks between meals.
Question: What causes an abscessed tooth?
Answer: Sometimes it gets infected. Most often that results from: ­ A deep cavity or tooth decay Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease A cracked tooth If you don't treat the infection, it can kill the pulp and lead to an abscess. The goal is to get rid of the infection.
Question: How is an abscessed tooth diagnosed?
Answer: That means the pus pocket has found somewhere to drain. If you don't have symptoms, your dentist could spot an abscess through X-rays at a routine exam. He may tap on your tooth to see if it hurts. If he can't diagnose the abscess on his own, he'll probably send you to an endodontist, who's specially trained to work on abscessed teeth. This dentist can tell for sure if you have an abscess and treat it if you do. Root canal: You may have heard about this common way to treat an abscess.
Question: What is an abscessed tooth?
Answer: Anyone, from children to the elderly, can get one. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you have one, it won't get better on its own. You need treatment from a dentist or endodontist -- a specialist who can help save your tooth. If you don't treat it, the infection can spread beyond your jaw to your neck, head, or other body parts. That liquid is pus.
Question: What do breast cancer hormone receptor test results mean?
Answer: In the lab report, you may see one of these: A simple "positive" or "negative" description. If it says âpositive,â that means your cancer is sensitive to hormones. If it says ânegative,â it's not. The âpositiveâ and ânegativeâ don't mean better or worse -- it's just about the tumor. A percentage of cells out of 100 that have hormone receptors. A score of 0% means no cells have receptors. 100% means all cells have them. An " Allred score" between 0 and 8. This tells how many cells are HR-positive as well as their "intensity" (how well they show up in the lab tests). Labs use different cutoff points to tell if the cancer is HR-positive. Ask your doctor to explain what they mean for you.
Question: What is hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer?
Answer: Compared with other types of breast cancer, hormone-receptor-positive ones, also called HR-positive, tend to: Grow more slowly Respond better to hormone therapy Have a better outlook (prognosis) In advanced cancer, your doctor will take a small part of the cancer that has spread to your lymph nodes, liver, or other areas of your body.
Question: What tests are done for breast cancer hormone receptors?
Answer: Compared with other types of breast cancer, hormone-receptor-positive ones, also called HR-positive, tend to: Grow more slowly Respond better to hormone therapy Have a better outlook (prognosis) In advanced cancer, your doctor will take a small part of the cancer that has spread to your lymph nodes, liver, or other areas of your body. She may use a very fine needle or get the tissue during surgery. Lab tests will show if the disease has hormone receptors. If you're taking hormones, you may need to stop before getting the test.
Question: How will your doctor know if you have breast cancer hormone receptors?
Answer: If it does, she may call it "hormone-receptor positive," â ER-positive,â or â PR-positive.â For advanced cases, your doctor may want to repeat these tests after a while to see if the disease has changed. It may respond differently to hormones than before. The results will help your doctor find the best treatment at any stage. Lab tests will show if the disease has hormone receptors.
Question: How can hormones play a role in breast cancer?
Answer: These tumors have a sort of biological on-off switch called a hormone receptor. Estrogen and progesterone can flip these switches "on" and quicken the cancer cells' growth. If you have an HR-positive breast cancer, your doctor may prescribe drugs that target certain hormones your body makes. If your cancer is only â ER-positiveâ (sensitive to estrogen) or only â PR-positiveâ (sensitive to progesterone) -- not both -- it may still respond to hormone treatments.
Question: How can your breast cancer hormone receptor test results affect your treatment?
Answer: A percentage of cells out of 100 that have hormone receptors. Some lower the amount of those hormones that your body makes. Others block the effects of hormones in breast tissue or in other places where the cancer may have spread. In general, the more receptors you have and the greater their intensity, the more likely it is that hormone treatments will work. If your cancer is only â ER-positiveâ (sensitive to estrogen) or only â PR-positiveâ (sensitive to progesterone) -- not both -- it may still respond to hormone treatments. If your disease is both ER-negative and PR-negative, hormone therapy is unlikely to work. Another type of treatment may work better. Your doctor will find the best options with the fewest side effects and talk with you about the benefits and risks of each.
Question: What should I know about piriformis syndrome?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder that is caused when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve. The piriformis muscle is a flat, band-like muscle located in the buttocks near the top of the hip joint. This muscle is important in lower body movement because it stabilizes the hip joint and lifts and rotates the thigh away from the body. This enables us to walk, shift our weight from one foot to another, and maintain balance. It is also used in sports that involve lifting and rotating the thighs -- in short, in almost every motion of the hips and legs. The sciatic nerve is a thick and long nerve in the body. It passes alongside or goes through the piriformis muscle, goes down the back of the leg, and eventually branches off into smaller nerves that end in the feet. Nerve compression can be caused by spasm of the piriformis muscle.
Question: How can I prevent piriformis syndrome?
Answer: Since piriformis syndrome is usually caused by sports or movement that repeatedly stresses the piriformis muscle, such as running or lunging, prevention is often related to good form. Avoid running or exercising on hills or uneven surfaces. Warm up properly before activity and increase intensity gradually. Use good posture while running, walking, or exercising. If pain occurs, stop the activity and rest until pain subsides. See a health care provider as needed.
Question: How is piriformis syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: In many cases, there is a history of trauma to the area, repetitive, vigorous activity such as long-distance running, or prolonged sitting. Diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is made by the patient's report of symptoms and by physical exam using a variety of movements to elicit pain to the piriformis muscle. In some cases, a contracted or tender piriformis muscle can be found on physical exam. Because symptoms can be similar in other conditions, radiologic tests such as MRIs may be required to rule out other causes of sciatic nerve compression, such as a herniated disc.
Question: How is piriformis syndrome treated?
Answer: If pain is caused by sitting or certain activities, try to avoid positions that trigger pain. Rest, ice, and heat may help relieve symptoms. A doctor or physical therapist can suggest a program of exercises and stretches to help reduce sciatic nerve compression. Osteopathic manipulative treatment has been used to help relieve pain and increase range of motion. Some health care providers may recommend anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or injections with a corticosteroid or anesthetic. Other therapies such as iontophoresis, which uses a mild electric current, and injection with botulinum toxin (botox) have been tried by some doctors. Using the paralytic properties of the botulinum toxin, botox injections is thought by some to relieve muscle tightness and sciatic nerve compression to minimize pain. Surgery may be recommended as a last resort.
Question: What are the signs and symptoms of piriformis syndrome?
Answer: The piriformis muscle is a flat, band-like muscle located in the buttocks near the top of the hip joint. Pain can be severe and extend down the length of the sciatic nerve (called sciatica). The pain is due to the piriformis muscle compressing the sciatic nerve, such as while sitting on a car seat or running. Pain may also be triggered while climbing stairs, applying firm pressure directly over the piriformis muscle, or sitting for long periods of time. Most cases of sciatica, however, are not due to piriformis syndrome.
Question: What causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: A problem in the hemoglobin-beta gene found on chromosome 11. The defect forms abnormal hemoglobin molecules. Both your parents need to pass the abnormal hemoglobin gene on to you in order for you to develop the disease. If both your parents carry the defective gene, you have a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting the disease and becoming sick with it.
Question: What is the most severe type of sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: Hemoglobin SS, also called sickle cell anemia, is usually the most severe type of this disorder.
Question: What are rare types of sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: Other common forms include: Hemoglobin SC (usually mild) Hemoglobin SÎ² thalassemia Rare types are: Hemoglobin SD Hemoglobin SE Hemoglobin SO In the U. S., newborn screening programs require that all babies are tested for sickle cell disease shortly after birth.
Question: When are babies screened for sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: Other common forms include: Hemoglobin SC (usually mild) Hemoglobin SÎ² thalassemia Rare types are: Hemoglobin SD Hemoglobin SE Hemoglobin SO In the U. S., newborn screening programs require that all babies are tested for sickle cell disease shortly after birth.
Question: How many people in the United States have sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: About 100,000 people in the United States have sickle cell disease. Most of them are African- Americans.
Question: What is sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Answer: Sickle cell disease ( SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder. It forms rods that clump together. Hemoglobin SS, also called sickle cell anemia, is usually the most severe type of this disorder.