anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are treatments for ichthyosis?
Answer: It can't be cured, but treatments can help you manage dry and scaly skin. Rub cream, lotion, or ointment onto your skin every day to add moisture. Look for rich creams that have any of these ingredients: lanolin, alpha hydroxy acids, urea, or propylene glycol. Products with ceramides or cholesterol also keep skin moist. Apply the lotion right after you step out of the shower or bath, when your skin is still damp. This will help hold in moisture.
Question: If you have ichthyosis, what are some complications of scaling?
Answer: Scaling can lead to complications such as: Infections Dehydration Blocked sweat glands, which can lead to overheating Slow hair growth from scales on the scalp Burning more calories, because the skin has to work harder to turn over cells Ichthyosis can cause emotional issues, too. The scales can affect the way you look. People with this condition sometimes feel depressed and have low self-esteem. If you feel depressed or have low self-esteem, talk to a therapist or other mental health experts.
Question: How do chemotherapy drugs lead to hair loss?
Answer: Many different types of drugs are thought to cause hair loss, including: Acne medications containing vitamin A (retinoids) Antibiotics and antifungal drugs Antidepressants Birth control pills Anticlotting drugs Cholesterol-lowering drugs Drugs that suppress the immune system Drugs that treat breast cancer and other cancers Epilepsy drugs (anticonvulsants) High blood pressure medications (anti-hypertensives), such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics Hormone replacement therapy Mood stabilizers Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Parkinson's disease drugs Steroids Thyroid medications Weight loss drugs Chemotherapy drugs often lead to the anagen effluvium type of hair loss. As these drugs kill cancer cells throughout the body, they also can damage healthy cells, including hair matrix cells. The hair typically starts to fall out within two weeks of starting chemotherapy and progresses more rapidly after one to two months, according to the American Cancer Society. Hair loss is more common and severe in patients taking combinations of chemotherapy drugs than in those who take just one drug. Chemotherapy drugs that tend to cause hair loss include: adriamycin cyclophosphamide dactinomycin daunorubicin docetaxel doxorubicin etoposide fluorouracil ifosfamide irinotecan methotrexate nitrosureas paclitaxel tamoxifen topotecan vinorelbine It's important to review any medications you take, and discuss their potential side effects with your doctor and pharmacist.
Question: How do drugs cause hair loss?
Answer: During the anagen phase, which lasts for two to six years, the hair grows. During the telogen phase, which lasts about three months, the hair rests. At the end of the telogen phase, the hair falls out and is replaced by new hair. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Medications can lead to two types of hair loss: telogen effluvium and anagen effluvium. Telogen effluvium is the most common form of drug-induced hair loss. It usually appears within 2 to 4 months after taking the drug. This condition causes the hair follicles to go into their resting phase (telogen) and fall out too early. People with telogen effluvium usually shed between 30% to 70% more than the normal 100 and 150 hairs a day. Anagen effluvium is hair loss that occurs during the anagen phase of the hair cycle, when the hairs are actively growing. It prevents the matrix cells, which produce new hairs, from dividing normally. This type of hair loss usually occurs within a few days to weeks after taking the medication. It's most common in people who are taking chemotherapy drugs for cancer and is often severe, causing people to lose most or all of the hair on their head, as well as their eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hairs. The severity of drug-induced hair loss depends on the type of drug and dosage, as well as your sensitivity to that drug.
Question: Do certain foods cause eczema?
Answer: The common offenders are: Milk Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Wheat Fish Shellfish Soy While trigger foods can make eczema worse, experts don't think they're really the original cause. Instead, it seems to result from "leakiness" in the outer layer of skin that lets in irritants, germs, and allergens.
Question: What can you do to avoid food triggers of eczema?
Answer: Be methodical. Only eliminate one food at a time. If you ban dairy and gluten at the same time and symptoms get better, you won't know which one made the difference. Use a food diary to keep track of what you get rid of, and the changes that brings. Move slowly. A positive skin test isn't reason enough to cut out a food. Lots of kids test positive for foods that don't really cause symptoms. Plus, if you get rid of too many foods, you could cut out nutrients your child needs to grow and develop. So for his sake and yours, be sure before you take a food from your child's diet permanently. Work with your doctor. Keep using other treatments. Even if you find a trigger food, getting rid of it may not make the rash disappear. Stick with the other things your doctor recommends -- like skin ointments, lotions, and medicines. Continue to steer clear other allergens like dust mites, pollen, or pet dander, too.
Question: Which foods trigger eczema?
Answer: The common offenders are: Milk Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Wheat Fish Shellfish Soy While trigger foods can make eczema worse, experts don't think they're really the original cause. Instead, it seems to result from "leakiness" in the outer layer of skin that lets in irritants, germs, and allergens. Some are obvious.
Question: Can food cause eczema flare-ups in children?
Answer: Up to 1 in 3 kids with eczema has a food allergy that could make symptoms worse. If you remove some choices, it could make a big difference.
Question: How can food trigger eczema?
Answer: Symptoms -- like swelling -- are side effects of your body's defenses. Eczema doesn't seem to be an allergic condition, but reactions from food can make it worse in some kids. It's more likely in babies and young children. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.
Question: How can you find a food trigger for eczema?
Answer: Some foods are more likely to bring symptoms. If your child eats lobster for the first time and breaks out in hives 15 minutes later, it's probably not hard to figure out. But with eczema, it's often tougher. Symptoms may not show up for days after you eat something. If you do find a trigger food and get rid of it, that may help. Still, it may not make the eczema go away. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.
Question: How do doctors test what foods trigger your eczema?
Answer: If your doctor thinks a food may be harmful, he may ask you not to give it to your kid for 10 to 14 days. Watch to see if it makes a difference. Food challenges. After you've taken a food out of your child's diet, your pediatrician might want you to add a small amount back in to see if it causes symptoms. A doctor can take an extract of the food and use it to scratch the skin lightly. If the area swells up, that could be an allergic reaction. However, it's not always accurate. Blood tests. Again, it's not always accurate. Other lab tests can check for cells that trigger swelling.
Question: When should I call a doctor about hives?
Answer: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines.
Question: How soon does a mild case of hives end?
Answer: A mild case often disappears on its own after a few hours. If it lasts longer, you can try an over-the-counter antihistamine.
Question: When should you call your doctor about hives?
Answer: See a doctor if your outbreak doesn't disappear in a few days, though. And get medical help right away if you notice symptoms of angioedema (such as swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat) or a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
Question: When would your doctor prescribe antihistamines for hives?
Answer: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines. Treatment with corticosteroids, which you take by mouth, will sometimes reduce swelling when antihistamines don't work. But doctors usually save them for more severe cases. Your doctor may also consider a biologic drug, omalizumab ( Xolair), for chronic hives in people age 12 and over.
Question: Do you need an epinephrine kit if you get hives?
Answer: If you're severely allergic to bee stings or other insect bites, certain foods, or medications, ask your doctor about prescribing an emergency kit with epinephrine shots. You would use these to treat anaphylaxis. Always carry two epinephrine kits with you.
Question: When should I call 911 about hives?
Answer: You get hives and a dry throat, cough, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, trouble breathing, or a sharp drop in blood pressure after a bee sting or insect bite or a new medication. This may be anaphylaxis. Give yourself an epinephrine shot, even if you're unsure whether your symptoms are allergy related. You'll still need medical attention even if your symptoms seem to stop. You have symptoms of angioedema (again, that's swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat). You need immediate medical attention so that the swelling doesn't block the air passage to the lungs.
Question: How common is surgery for ulcerative colitis?
Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons. The reasons that surgery becomes necessary include: Medical treatment -- for instance, drug therapy -- fails to provide results. There may be a risk of cancer without surgery. The colon has ruptured. The patient experiences a severe, sudden onset of the disease. There is extensive bleeding. Treatment causes side effects severe enough to compromise the patient's health. Toxic megacolon has set in. In this dangerous condition, the muscles of the large intestine are dilated, and the colon can rupture. In some cases, surgery to remove the colon is recommended if other treatments do not work or if the side effects of medications are harming the patient.
Question: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgery?
Answer: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.
Question: How does the continent ileostomy surgery for ulcerative colitis work?
Answer: The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. To drain the pouch, the patient inserts a catheter through the valve into the internal reservoir. This procedure, however, is not the preferred surgical treatment for ulcerative patients. That's because of its uncertain results and the potential need for additional surgery.
Question: What is ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic (long-term) inflammatory disease. It affects the lining of the large intestine, or colon, and rectum. The rectum is the last section of the colon and is located just above the anus. People with ulcerative colitis have tiny ulcers and abscesses in their colon and rectum. These flare up periodically and cause bloody stools and diarrhea. Ulcerative colitis may also cause severe abdominal pain and anemia.
Question: What is a permanent ileostomy when getting ulcerative colitis surgery?
Answer: If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times.
Question: What tests can doctors use to diagnose ulcerative colitis?
Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.
Question: What types of surgery can treat ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed.
Question: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgeries?
Answer: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.
Question: How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed?
Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.
Question: How often does ulcerative colitis flare up?
Answer: Ulcerative colitis has alternating periods of flare-ups and remission. During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.
Question: What happens during remission for ulcerative colitis?
Answer: During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.
Question: What are the benefits of ulcerative colitis surgery?
Answer: In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.
Question: What types of surgery treat ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed. If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times. Another procedure is the pelvic pouch or ileal pouch anal anastomosis ( IPAA). This is a procedure that does not require a permanent stoma. This surgery is also called a restorative proctocolectomy. The patient is still able to eliminate stool through the anus. In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. Then the small intestine is used to form an internal pouch or reservoir -- called a J-pouch -- that will serve as a new rectum. This pouch is connected to the anus. This procedure is frequently done in two operations. In between the operations the patient needs a temporary ileostomy. The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. If the entire colon and rectum are removed, ulcerative colitis is cured. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.
Question: How is schizoaffective disorder related to schizophrenia?
Answer: Schizoaffective disorder: You'll have a combination of psychotic symptoms along with depression (major depressive disorder) or bipolar disorder. You could feel very down, or swing between super high-energy or highly irritable and very low, too. Psychotic symptoms have to sometimes happen even when your mood is OK for you to have schizoaffective disorder. This is a rare, serious, lifelong illness.
Question: How is schizophrenia categorized?
Answer: Doctors may categorize your schizophrenia according to your main symptom to make a diagnosis clearer. But rather than saying you have "paranoid schizophrenia," they would say you have "schizophrenia with paranoia,â for example.
Question: What makes schizophrenia different from other similar disorders?
Answer: What makes schizophrenia different from some similar disorders in the spectrum is how long you've had symptoms and whether you also have signs of a mood disorder.
Question: Are there different types of schizophrenia?
Answer: Doctors who specialize in mental health used to divide schizophrenia into different subtypes: Catatonic Disorganized Paranoid Residual Undifferentiated. But that system didn't work well. Now, experts talk about schizophrenia as a spectrum disorder that includes all the previous subtypes. It's a group of related mental disorders that share some symptoms. They're like variations on a theme in music. They affect your sense of what's real. They change how you think, feel, and act. What makes schizophrenia different from some similar disorders in the spectrum is how long you've had symptoms and whether you also have signs of a mood disorder.
Question: What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Answer: Symptoms of colorectal cancer include: A persistent change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhea) Blood on or in the stool Abdominal discomfort Unexplained weight loss Anemia If colorectal polyps are found, they should be removed and sent to a laboratory for microscopic analysis.
Question: What happens if a colorectal polyp is found?
Answer: Symptoms of colorectal cancer include: A persistent change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhea) Blood on or in the stool Abdominal discomfort Unexplained weight loss Anemia If colorectal polyps are found, they should be removed and sent to a laboratory for microscopic analysis. Once the microscopic type of polyp is determined, the follow-up interval for the next colonoscopy can be made.
Question: How does colorectal cancer develop?
Answer: Colorectal cancer usually begins as a "polyp," a nonspecific term to describe a growth on the inner surface of the colon. Polyps are often non-cancerous growths, but some can develop into cancer. The two most common types of polyps found in the colon and rectum include: Hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps. Usually these polyps do not carry a risk of developing into cancer. However, large hyperplastic polyps, especially on the right side of the colon, are of concern and should be completely removed. Adenomas or adenomatous polyps. Polyps, which, if left alone, could turn into colon cancer. These are considered pre-cancerous. Although most colorectal polyps do not become cancer, virtually all colon and rectal cancers start from these growths. People may inherit diseases in which the risk of colon polyps and cancer is very high. Colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. This area of abnormal cells is called dysplasia and is more commonly seen in people with certain inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
Question: How do you know if you have colorectal cancer?
Answer: Risk factors for colorectal cancer include: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps A diet high in red meats and processed meats Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 diabetes Being African- American Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. For this reason, it is very important to talk to your doctor about whether you are at risk for colorectal cancer and should be screened.
Question: Who is more likely to get colorectal cancer?
Answer: People at higher risk for colorectal cancer include those with a personal history of polyps on previous colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, and/or inflammatory bowel disease, strong family history of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps, and a family history of a hereditary cancer syndrome. Screening guidelines for adults consist of screening with colonoscopy starting at a younger age. However, the exact age to start screening and interval of testing depends on specific risk factors.
Question: How can you get colorectal cancer?
Answer: They grow slowly and often do not produce symptoms until they reach a large size. Fortunately, colorectal cancer is preventable, and curable, if detected early. Although most colorectal polyps do not become cancer, virtually all colon and rectal cancers start from these growths.
Question: What are early signs of colorectal cancer?
Answer: Colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. Often tumors bleed only small amounts intermittently, and evidence of the blood is found only during chemical testing of the stool. This is called occult bleeding, meaning it is not always visible to the naked eye. When tumors have grown to a large size they may cause a change in the frequency or the caliber of the stool.