anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is glucose?
Answer: As it travels through your bloodstream to your cells, it's called blood glucose or blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy and storage. Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat.
Question: How does autologous (AUTO) stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?
Answer: In an autologous ( AUTO) transplant, doctors take healthy stem cells from your bone marrow or blood. They're frozen and carefully stored. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. After your treatment ends, your thawed stem cells are returned to your bloodstream through an IV. They'll find their way back to your bone marrow. Once there, they help your body make healthy blood cells again.
Question: How can stem cell treatments for cancer be harder for older patients?
Answer: Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects. Also, it's more likely you'll have another health condition like high blood pressure or diabetes. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant.
Question: What are stem cells?
Answer: They grow inside your marrow, the soft tissue of your bones. They're also in your blood, as well as blood from umbilical cords. As they mature, blood stem cells change into three types of cells your body needs: Platelets that help your blood clot Red blood cells that give your body oxygen White blood cells that fight off illness There are two types of transplants.
Question: How will my cancer treatment change before I get stem cell treatment?
Answer: You'll start out with a lower dose of chemo and radiation before you get the stem cells. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.
Question: What if my doctor can't find a donor for allogeneic transplant?
Answer: If your doctor can't find a donor, he may use cells from donated umbilical cord blood. After a baby is born, blood rich in stem cells remains in the discarded cord and placenta. It can be frozen and stored in a cord blood bank until its stem cells are needed. Cord blood is tested before it's banked. This lets doctors quickly check to see if there's a match for you.
Question: What are cancer stem cells?
Answer: They're cells that advance cancer. Experts used to think all cancer cells were the same. Now, there's reason to believe that special, fast-growing cancer stem cells keep your disease alive by reproducing. If that's true, in the next few years, the focus of treatments could shift from trying to shrink tumors to trying to kill this type of cell.
Question: Why would I need a stem cell transplant for leukemia or lymphoma?
Answer: For some, it may be the best -- or only -- approach. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant. They're cells that advance cancer.
Question: Is there risk of stem cell transplant rejection in stem cell treatment of cancer?
Answer: In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's when your body fights to get rid of the new cells, or the cells launch an attack against you. It could happen right after the transplant or not until a year later. Thanks to strides in the matching process in the past decade or so, your odds of having more problems from the treatment are much lower than they used to be. You'll also get medicine after your transplant that works to keep those problems at bay.
Question: How does allogeneic, or ALLO, stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?
Answer: In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's important that the donor's bone marrow closely matches yours. If it doesn't, your body may reject their cells. Before an ALLO transplant, you'll get chemotherapy, radiation, or both. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.
Question: What are the side effects of stem cell treatments for cancer?
Answer: If you have leukemia or lymphoma, you may need a stem cell transplant. What and how severe they are depend on the dose. You might have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Bleeding Severe infections That doesn't sound great, but advances in cancer treatment can make them easier to live with. Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects.
Question: What are the treatments for myasthenia gravis?
Answer: You may be put on a drug called pyridostigmine ( Mestinon), that increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate the receptors. If you continue to have symptoms on pyridostigmine, an immunotherapeutic agent is usually added. These include azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclosporine ( Neoral), eculizumab ( Solaris) mycophenolate ( Cell Cept), and prednisone to suppress the immune system. In severe cases, you may need to have your blood sent through a special machine that removes the antibody-containing plasma and replaces it with antibody-free plasma. This is called plasmapheresis. You may also be given a preparation called intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIg) through a needle in a vein. If you have a thymoma, you will need surgery to remove your thymus (thymectomy).
Question: What situations affect myasthenia gravis?
Answer: Situations that affect myasthenia gravis include: Changes in thyroid function Surgery Radiation therapy Infection Certain medications can exacerbate symptoms of myasthenia gravis, including: Antibiotics (particularly those called aminoglycosides) Narcotic drugs Penicillamine Magnesium Anesthesia Muscle relaxants Beta-blockers to treat heart arrhythmias Some women notice that their symptoms worsen around the time of their menstrual period.
Question: What are some breakfast ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?
Answer: For breakfast: Fruit, non-sugary cereal, oatmeal, and low-fat yogurt are among the good choices for breakfast foods. Use skim or 1% milk rather than whole or 2% milk (after age 2, or as recommended by your doctor).
Question: What are some lunch and dinner ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?
Answer: For lunch and dinner: Bake or grill foods instead of frying them. Use whole-grain breads and rolls to make a healthier sandwich. Also, give your child whole-grain crackers with soups, chili, and stew. Prepare pasta, beans, rice, fish, skinless poultry, or other dishes. Always serve fresh fruit (with the skin) with meals.
Question: What are some snack ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?
Answer: For snacks: Fruits, vegetables, breads, and cereals make great snacks for children. Children should avoid soda, juice and fruit drinks.
Question: What causes high cholesterol in children?
Answer: Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol.
Question: How is high cholesterol diagnosed in children?
Answer: Children also may have high levels of cholesterol, which can cause health problems, especially problems with heart disease, when the child gets older. Conducting such a test is especially important if there is a strong family history of heart disease or if a parent of the child has high cholesterol. The blood test results will reveal whether a child's cholesterol is too high. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( NHLBI) the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that all children should be screened once between ages 9 and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21.
Question: When is selective screening for cholesterol recommended for children?
Answer: Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol. For kids aged 10 years and older with extremely high cholesterol levels (or high levels with a family history of early heart disease), drug treatment should be considered.
Question: What should you keep in mind when exercising if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Always warm-up before beginning your exercise routine and cool down at the end. If you plan to workout for 30 minutes, start with 10-minute sessions and work your way up. If you have difficulty balancing, exercise within reach of a grab bar or rail. If you have trouble standing or getting up, try exercising in bed rather than on the floor or an exercise mat. If at any time you feel sick or you begin to hurt, stop.
Question: What tests help diagnose juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).
Question: Should children with rheumatoid arthritis get plenty of rest?
Answer: When it flares up, the child will look and act sick. Children can have good days with few or no symptoms, and worse days with flare-up symptoms.
Question: What is the treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn). These help relieve fever, pain, and joint inflammation. Corticosteroid medications like prednisone are also used. They lessen the immune response and help with inflammation.
Question: What may test results for systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis show?
Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).
Question: Can you prevent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the rarest form. It's believed to run in families though, so family medical history can give you a clue.
Question: How do health issues affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: People with heart disease, lung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to get DVT. So are people who have cancer or are going through cancer treatment.
Question: How does sitting or being in bed affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: If your muscles don't move for a while, blood starts to pool in your lower legs. This makes it more likely for a clot to form.
Question: How does age affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: The odds that you'll get DVT increase with your age.
Question: What can you do to lower your risk of getting deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: You can't change many of the things that could lead to DVT. But try these 6 tips to keep your blood moving through your body the way it should: Don't sit for too long. Get up and stretch or walk around at least every 2 hours. It can also help to move your legs while you're seated. If you think you're at risk for DVT, your doctor might advise you to take blood thinners. These are drugs that help prevent clots. He may also suggest that you wear compression stockings. These stockings fit tightly around your ankle but become looser as they go up your leg. They make it harder for blood to pool in your legs. Plan your travel. If you know you'll be sitting on a train, plane, or in a vehicle for a while, stand up often and stretch your legs. Make sure to wear loose clothing. Drink lots of water and avoid alcohol. If your body doesn't have enough fluid, your blood vessels narrow and clots are more likely to form. Stay active. Regular exercise lowers your chances of getting a blood clot. Even walking can help. Take care of your health. That may mean losing weight or giving up smoking. If you have heart disease, diabetes, or another chronic illness, follow your doctor's orders to manage these health issues.
Question: When should I talk to my doctor about my migraines or headaches?
Answer: Migraines and several other headache disorders are a real source of pain, but most of the time, they're not signs that you have a serious medical problem. But when you have new symptoms or problems that are more severe than normal, it's worth talking to your doctor. Know your personal headache symptoms -- what's normal for you and what's not, and when you need emergency help.
Question: When should I get medical help immediately for my headache?
Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life
Question: When should you let your doctor know about your migraines or headaches?
Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life
Question: When do you need medical help for you migraines or headaches?
Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life
Question: What are symptoms of pain in toddlers?
Answer: Fortunately, at this age, children in pain can talk, if only to say, " Owie, owie, owie!" They will often also clutch the part that hurts. Pulling or rubbing the ear is common in toddlers and although it can sometimes indicate ear pain, it may be habit. Suspect an ear infection if your child has had cold symptoms or a fever and begins to tug at the ear suddenly.
Question: How can you tell if a baby is in pain?
Answer: Here are signs that a baby may be in pain. For example, crying that can't be soothed with a bottle, diaper change, or cuddling could signal pain. Crying while nursing. Prolonged, intense crying, often at the same time each day. This behavior is common with colic. Crying and drawing the legs up to the abdomen. Chronic pain can sap a baby's energy, causing him or her to become still, quiet, and to avoid eye contact.
Question: What do pain in young children and teenagers mean?
Answer: Chronic or recurrent pain is common in children and adolescents. Pain that comes on suddenly can be caused by viral infections or by something more serious like appendicitis. Recurrent stomachaches and headaches. Recurrent body aches, usually along with trouble falling or staying asleep, could mean your child is depressed or anxious. Chest pain that comes and goes, and can be reproduced by pressing on the chest, can be caused by muscle strain or inflammation of the rib cartilage and often occurs after your child takes up a new sport, increases physical activity, or experiences muscle tension due to emotional stress. Chest pain following an injury could indicate a broken rib or collapsed lung. Persistent chest pain is less common and could mean your child has asthma or an infection, such as pneumonia. Know that even if doctors find no physical cause for pain in a child, something is still wrong. Finally, don't ignore chronic pain in your child.
Question: How can I prevent autonomic dysreflexia?
Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can. This helps move more blood to your lower body and ease your blood pressure Take off tight clothes or other irritants Pee Quick steps can keep the problem from getting worse.
Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?
Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can.
Question: What causes autonomic dysreflexia?
Answer: You can get autonomic dysreflexia if you've injured your spinal cord around the bottom of the shoulder blades or above. You can lose feeling and muscle control below the damaged spot. But the nerves there still try to send signals back to the brain. That can make your body do the wrong thing. Sometimes, even a full bladder or an ingrown toenail is enough to send your nerve responses into overdrive. Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache.
Question: How is HPV treated in men?
Answer: There is no treatment for HPV infection in men when no symptoms are present. Instead, doctors treat the health problems that are caused by the HPV virus. When genital warts appear, a variety of treatments can be used. The patient can apply prescription creams at home. Or a doctor can surgically remove or freeze off the warts. Early treatment of warts is discouraged by some doctors because genital warts can go away on their own. It can also take time for all warts to appear. So a person who treats warts as soon as they appear may need another treatment later on. Anal cancer can be treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The specific treatments depend on the stage of cancer -- how big the tumor is and how far the cancer has spread.
Question: How can you prevent spreading HPV?
Answer: Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent HPV transmission. Risk of transmission can be lowered if a person has sex only with one person who is not infected and who is also monogamous. To lower the risk of HPV transmission, men can also limit the number of sex partners and pick partners who have had few or no partners in the past. Condoms can provide some protection against HPV transmission. Unfortunately, they aren't 100% effective, since HPV is transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact. The virus can still infect the skin uncovered by the condom.
Question: Is there an HPV vaccine for men?
Answer: The HPV vaccine Gardasil, approved for use in females in 2006, was approved for males in 2009. Gardasil is approved for boys and men ages 9 to 26 for the prevention of genital warts caused by two HPV strains: HPV 6 and HPV 11. Those are two of the four HPV strains that Gardasil targets. In late 2010, Gardasil was also approved for the prevention of anal cancer. More recently, the FDA approved Gardasil 9. It prevents infection by the same HPV types as Gardasil plus HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58. Collectively, these types are implicated in 90% of cervical cancers. Gardasil 9 is approved for use in males ages 9 to 26.