anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism in infants?
Answer: In infants, as in adults, hypothyroidism can be due to these causes: A pituitary disorder A defective thyroid Lack of the gland entirely A hypothyroid infant is unusually inactive and quiet, has a poor appetite, and sleeps for excessively long periods of time.
Question: How can cancer of the thyroid gland occur?
Answer: Toxic adenomas: Nodules develop in the thyroid gland and begin to secrete thyroid hormones, upsetting the body's chemical balance; some goiters may contain several of these nodules. You may be at greater risk for developing hypothyroidism if you have had thyroid problems in the past.
Question: What are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?
Answer: Babies may also become less interested in eating, have trouble sucking, and stop smiling and talking. You may notice bruises on the arms or chest in the places the baby has been grabbed. Other physical signs include a larger than usual head or forehead, different-sized pupils, not being able to focus, and favoring one arm or leg over another. Babies with shaken baby syndrome may also have symptoms you can't see, such as fractured ribs or other bones, spinal cord or neck injury, and bleeding in the brain. In mild cases, behavior, health, or learning issues show up later on. Because shaken baby syndrome can affect so many different parts of a child's health, there may be more than one doctor or specialist involved in the diagnosis.
Question: What is shaken baby syndrome?
Answer: Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse. When a baby is shaken hard by the shoulders, arms, or legs, it can cause learning disabilities, behavior disorders, vision problems or blindness, hearing and speech issues, seizures, cerebral palsy, serious brain injury, and permanent disability.
Question: How is shaken baby syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: Because shaken baby syndrome can affect so many different parts of a child's health, there may be more than one doctor or specialist involved in the diagnosis. To check the brain, doctors may use computerized tomography, or a CT scan, to X-ray for injuries that need immediate attention. X-rays of other body parts, like the arms, legs, spine, and skull, show fractures and whether they were created by force or accident. To check for eye injuries and bleeding, doctors may do an eye exam. Some disorders can mimic the symptoms of shaken baby syndrome. To rule those out, doctors may order blood tests.
Question: What is shaken baby syndrome different from?
Answer: Though their brains and necks are fragile, babies are also unlikely to get shaken injuries by falling off furniture or making sudden stops in a car. Shaken baby syndrome is 100% preventable.
Question: How is shaken baby syndrome treated and prevented?
Answer: Treatment for shaken baby syndrome depends on the injury. Surgery may be needed in an emergency. Some children will need care for the rest of their lives. Shaken baby syndrome is 100% preventable. It starts with making sure all the baby's caregivers -- parents, grandparents, baby sitters, nannies, etc. -- understand two things: The dangers of shaking a baby, even for a few seconds. That babies cry a lot at first. The National Center for shaken baby syndrome calls it PURPLE crying: Peak pattern: At 2-3 months old, babies cry the most. Unpredictable: Crying starts and stops without reason. Resistant to soothing: Nothing stops the crying. Pain-like look on face: When babies cry, they look like they're in pain, even if they're not. Long bouts of crying: Babies can cry for hours at a time. Evening crying: Some babies cry more in the afternoon and evening. That's when you especially need to manage your feelings. Have a plan in place. If you feel pushed beyond your limit, put the baby on his back in a safe place -- or inside your home in a car seat with the baby strapped in on the floor (never leave your little one alone in the car!) -- and step away for a moment. Call someone you trust -- even your neighbor -- who'll listen to your frustrations. As you talk, check on the baby every 5 or 10 minutes. You could also ask someone to watch your baby for half an hour while you take a walk and collect yourself. If you notice your caregiver or another parent struggling, be supportive and suggest a safe place they can take the baby when they need a break. Like babies, sometimes parents and caregivers just need to cry and be comforted. If you suspect someone of shaking a baby, call your local police or the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline at 800-4- A- Child (800-422-4453).
Question: How long can I live with prostate cancer?
Answer: You can live a long time with prostate cancer, maybe even decades. If you catch and treat it early, you might even be able to cure it.
Question: Can I give  cough and cold medicines to children under 4?
Answer: That way, you can be sure that you are giving the right amount of medicine. Children younger than 12 who have nasal congestion can use saline nasal drops or nasal spray, fluids, and a cool mist humidifier instead of OTC medications. It may be best to avoid things like oral or nasal decongestants, antihistamines, expectorants, and cough suppressants in children under 12. Always call your doctor if your infant has a cold or a fever.
Question: Are there community exercise programs that are designed for people with arthritis?
Answer: These include People with Arthritis Can Exercise ( PACE) and the Arthritis Self Help Course ( ASHC), which the Arthritis Foundation offers.
Question: What are the benefits of making fitness a regular habit if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: When you make fitness a regular part of your life, the benefits include: Less pain from rheumatoid arthritis.
Question: Can I strength train if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Strength training uses resistance to work your muscles. You can use machines at a gym, hand-held weights, resistance bands, or even your own body weight. It strengthens muscles and increases the amount of activity you can do. Your physical therapist can show you what to do, tell you how often to do each exercise, and let you know how hard you should work when you work out.
Question: What exercises can I do if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If you don't exercise now, check with your doctor first. Tell her what you want to do, and ask what types of things will be best for you and what you should avoid. You may also want to consult with a physical therapist to make a safe, effective workout plan. Your plan will likely include low-impact activities, like walking, swimming, bicycling, or using an elliptical machine.
Question: Can a rheumatologist help me create an exercise program that is right for me?
Answer: Your rheumatologist can help you create an exercise program that is right for you. This may also involve meeting with a physical therapist. Physical therapists can identify what areas you need to work on, choose the right exercises for you, and tell you how vigorously you should exercise.
Question: What can you do to treat weakness and fatigue from breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Many parts of cancer treatment can make you feel weak or tired, including the treatment itself, worry or depression, not eating, pain, and too few blood cells in your body. Make sure you get enough rest. Sleep at least 8 hours a night, and try to lie down during the day to rest if you're still tired. Avoid caffeine late in the day. Exercise. Short walks can give you more energy. If you're more active, you'll rest better. Save your energy for the things that are really important to you. Get help from family and friends with errands and other chores. If you feel pain, let your doctor know. There are almost always treatments that can help. Eat plenty of iron-rich foods, like lean meat, beans, dark, leafy vegetables, and iron-fortified cereals or pasta. If your body has too few red blood cells, a condition called anemia, your doctor may recommend erythropoietin or darbepoetin, treatments that stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells. You can get them by injection, which you can sometimes do on your own at home. If you get this treatment, your doctor will watch you to see if you have rashes, allergic reactions, and problems with blood pressure.
Question: When should you call your doctor about the side effects of breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Call your nurse or doctor if you have: A temperature over 100.4 F. If you have any fever or chills, tell your doctor right away. If you can't get in touch with your doctor, go to the emergency room. New mouth sores, patches, a swollen tongue, or bleeding gums A dry, burning, scratchy, or "swollen" throat A cough that is new or doesn't go away Changes in how your bladder works, including a need to go urgently or more often, burning when you pee, or blood in your urine Digestive changes, including heartburn; nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea that is severe or lasts longer than 2 or 3 days; or blood in your stools
Question: What can you do to treat loss of appetite from breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Breast cancer treatment may make you feel not hungry, which can make it hard to get the nutrition you need. Try these tips to make sure you're eating a healthy diet: Eat a few small meals during the day instead of three large ones. Try an "instant breakfast" mix or other nutritional shakes between meals. Eat your largest meal of the day when you are most hungry. Drink water or other beverages either a half hour before or after meals so they don't make you too full. Try moderate exercise to increase your appetite, as long as your doctor says it's OK.
Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer?
Answer: But these treatments can also affect healthy cells and can change how you feel. They might cause: Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Weakness and fatigue Mouth sores Hair loss Weight gain Early menopause A higher risk of infections Bleeding Diarrhea Medications and other therapies can help ease many of these side effects.
Question: How can you gain weight from breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Some women with breast cancer gain weight from: Being less active during treatment Focusing more on eating Medications Depression Hormone changes If you notice you're gaining weight, let your doctor know and see what she thinks might help you. Don't go on a diet on your own -- your body needs a lot of nutrients during breast cancer treatment.
Question: What can you do to treat mouth soreness from breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Breast cancer treatment may make you feel not hungry, which can make it hard to get the nutrition you need. Check with your doctor or dentist to see what can stop your pain. Ask your doctor about drugs to ease mouth soreness. Choose soft foods that won't irritate your mouth, such as scrambled eggs, macaroni and cheese, pureed cooked vegetables, and bananas. Cut food into small pieces. Avoid citrus fruits, spicy or salty items, and rough foods.
Question: What can you do to prevent infections while getting breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Chemotherapy and radiation destroy breast cancer cells. That's when you usually have the fewest white blood cells. Contact your doctor right away if you get sick. He might recommend antibiotics as a precaution. Other doctors suggest women get a flu shot before they start chemotherapy. If your white blood cell counts are too low, your doctor may give you a treatment called G- CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor -- Neulasta or Neupogen) or GM- CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor -- Leukine).
Question: What can you do to treat nausea and vomiting from breast cancer treatment?
Answer: It can happen right after treatment or a few days later. Ask your doctor about medications that can make you feel better. Also, keep track of when you're nauseated. You may be able to spot patterns that can help you get ahead of the problem. Also: Eat small meals more often and avoid greasy foods and citrus. Try foods at room temperature instead of very hot or cold. When you're nauseated, try bland foods like crackers, gelatin, ice chips, rice, plain mashed potatoes, or applesauce. Call your doctor if you have severe nausea or you're vomiting a lot. If you throw up, wait an hour before you eat or drink anything. Then, begin with ice chips and gradually add foods. Chamomile, ginger root tea, or ginger ale can sometimes help settle your stomach. Not everyone will lose their hair during cancer treatment.
Question: What do I need to know about stretches for arthritis?
Answer: Although it may seem like the hardest time of day to get moving, doing a few stretches in the morning can give you a more limber start to your day. It only takes a few minutes to stretch and warm up your muscles and joints. But for the best results, the key is to do arthritis stretches every day. Taking a warm shower before or after stretching can also help you feel more flexible and limber. Towel squeeze: This stretch can be done with a small hand towel that is rolled up or a large sponge.
Question: What causes insulinoma?
Answer: It's not clear why some people get insulinomas. Women are slightly more likely to have them than men, and most people get them between ages 40 and 60. You're also more likely to have an insulinoma if you have certain genetic diseases, including: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: When tumors grow in glands that make hormones Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome: When tumors and cysts grow in many organs throughout the body Neurofibromatosis type 1 : Noncancerous tumors in the nerves and skin Tuberous sclerosis : Noncancerous tumors that grow in organs like your brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, skin, and lungs It can be tough for doctors to diagnose an insulinoma.
Question: What tests are done to diagnose an insulinoma?
Answer: This will confirm that: You have symptoms of low blood sugar, especially after not eating or heavy exercise Your blood sugar is actually low when you have those symptoms Your symptoms go away after your blood sugar goes up To do that, they will watch what happens to your blood sugar after you fast for a day to two. You may need to stay in the hospital during this time, and you won't be able to eat or drink anything except water. The doctor will test your blood to see if you have both low blood sugar and a high insulin level. Imaging test.
Question: Can you get laparoscopic surgery for an insulinoma?
Answer: The main treatment for an insulinoma is surgery to remove the tumor. They use special instruments to do the surgery. That means you'll have less pain as you heal, stay fewer days in the hospital, and can return to normal life more quickly.
Question: What is an insulinoma?
Answer: An insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas. Normally, your pancreas makes more insulin when your blood sugar is high and less when your blood sugar is low. But an insulinoma constantly makes insulin, even when your blood sugar gets too low. These tumors are usually small (less than an inch), and almost all of them are not cancer. In most cases, surgery can cure them.
Question: What are symptoms of insulinoma?
Answer: An insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas. Normally, your pancreas makes more insulin when your blood sugar is high and less when your blood sugar is low. Because insulomas make too much insulin, they can cause symptoms of low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia. You might have: Confusion Sweating Weakness Anxiety A fast heartbeat Headache Vision changes Personality changes Irritability Lack of muscle coordination Blurred vision Lethargy Seizure Hypoglycemia can be dangerous. To find out if you have an insulinoma, your doctor will test your blood sugar, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin during a 72-hour rest.
Question: How often does cancer from computed tomography (CT) scans affect men and women?
Answer: The possibility of cancer is slightly higher in women than in men. It's also higher in kids, because they're growing and their cells are dividing faster than those in adults. Children also have more years ahead of them in which they could get cancer from radiation.
Question: How does a computed tomography (CT) scan cause cancer?
Answer: Know that the chances of getting cancer from a CT scan are very low. And for many people, the test is worth the small risk of radiation exposure. It can help doctors spot dangerous health problems and check that treatment works. Your doctor will make sure that the benefits you'd get from the scan outweigh the drawbacks before she recommends it for you.
Question: Does frequent computed tomography (CT) scans raises your chances of cancer?
Answer: It uses powerful X-rays, a form of radiation, to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. Know that the chances of getting cancer from a CT scan are very low. It can damage the DNA in your cells and raise the chance that they'll turn cancerous. It's important to know that everyone is exposed to ionizing radiation every day, just from natural radioactive material in their surroundings. In a year, the average person gets about 3 millisieverts (m Sv), the units that scientists use to measure radiation. Each CT scan delivers 1 to 10 m Sv, depending on the dose of radiation and the part of your body that's getting the test. A low-dose chest CT scan is about 1.5 m Sv. The same test at a regular dose is about 7 m Sv. The more CT scans you have, the more radiation exposure you get. But that shouldn't stop you from getting them if your doctor says you need them.
Question: What is a computed tomography (CT) scan?
Answer: It uses powerful X-rays, a form of radiation, to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. Your doctor will make sure that the benefits you'd get from the scan outweigh the drawbacks before she recommends it for you.
Question: What protects me from the radiation of computed tomography (CT) scans?
Answer: Each CT scan delivers 1 to 10 m Sv, depending on the dose of radiation and the part of your body that's getting the test. The more CT scans you have, the more radiation exposure you get. But that shouldn't stop you from getting them if your doctor says you need them. What are the chances that the X-rays from a scan will end up causing a problem? It will also prevent you from repeating a test you've already done.
Question: What are the chances of computed tomography (CT) scan leading to cancer?
Answer: Know that the chances of getting cancer from a CT scan are very low. It depends on your age, gender, and the part of your body that's being scanned. Overall, your odds are very low -- the chance of getting a fatal cancer from any one CT scan is about 1 in 2,000. Some organs are more sensitive to radiation than others. It tends to do more damage to cells that grow and divide quickly. The breasts, lungs, thyroid gland, and bone marrow all have fast-dividing cells, so they are more sensitive than other body parts, like the brain.
Question: How much radiation do you get from a CT scan?
Answer: And for many people, the test is worth the small risk of radiation exposure. CT scans use X-rays, which are a type of radiation called ionizing radiation. It can damage the DNA in your cells and raise the chance that they'll turn cancerous. These scans expose you to more radiation than other imaging tests, like X-rays and mammograms. For example, one chest CT scan delivers the amount in 100 to 200 X-rays. That might sound like a lot, but the total amount you get is still very small.
Question: What questions should I ask if I'm concerned about getting a CT scan?
Answer: What are the chances that the X-rays from a scan will end up causing a problem? Could you diagnose me with a test that doesn't use radiation, like an MRI or an ultrasound? How will you protect the rest of my body during the CT scan? Your doctor should use the smallest possible dose of radiation to do the scan -- especially if you need to have several of them.
Question: How do you care for a dog bite ?
Answer: To care for a dog bite injury at home: Place a clean towel over the injury to stop any bleeding. Try to keep the injured area elevated. Wash the bite carefully with soap and water. Apply a sterile bandage to the wound. Apply antibiotic ointment to the injury every day to prevent infection.
Question: How can you prevent infection from a dog bite?
Answer: Your doctor will also take measures to prevent infection. It's rare for dogs in the U. S. to have rabies, but if the dog's health status is unknown, or the dog tests positive for rabies, you will need to get a rabies vaccine. ( Bear in mind that the dog would have to be euthanized and their brain tested for rabies.) The doctor will also make sure that you are up to date on your tetanus shot. You may need to take antibiotics for seven to 14 days to prevent or treat an infection.
Question: How can you prevent dog bites?
Answer: To prevent dog bites: When choosing a dog for a family pet, pick one with a good temperament. Stay away from any dogs you don't know. Never leave young children alone with a dog -- especially an unfamiliar one. Don't try to play with any dog that is eating or feeding her puppies. Whenever you approach a dog, do so slowly,and give the dog the chance to approach you. If a dog becomes aggressive, do not run away or scream. Stay calm, move slowly, and don't make eye contact with the dog.
Question: Will I need stitches for a dog bite?
Answer: Sometimes, sutures are used to close a dog bite wound; however, this practice is controversial. Although suturing the injury can reduce scarring, it also can increase the risk of infection. Whether the injury is closed may depend on its location. For example, dog bites on the face may be sutured to prevent visible scars. Very deep wounds that cause a great deal of damage may require plastic surgery.
Question: Should you see a doctor for a dog bite?
Answer: Although you can provide first aid for a dog bite at home, it's very important to see a doctor, especially if an unfamiliar dog bit you, the bite is deep, you can't stop the bleeding, or there are any signs of infection (redness, swelling, warmth, pus). Dog bites can cause infections that need to be treated with antibiotics.
Question: How will the doctor treat a dog bite?
Answer: Your doctor will examine the injury to see whether the bite was deep enough to damage muscles, tendons, nerves, or bones. Then the doctor will thoroughly clean the bite wound to remove any dirt or bacteria, and may also remove dead tissues from the wound.
Question: What are the different types of oatmeal?
Answer: Rolled oats (also called regular or old-fashioned oats): Oat groats that have been steamed and rolled into flakes that are thicker (and thus take longer to cook) than instant oats. Steel-cut oats (also called Irish oats): You get the whole oat kernel, cut up. These take about 20 minutes to cook. Scottish oats: These are like steel-cut oats, but instead of being cut, they are ground. Oat groats: This is the whole oat kernel -- no cuts, flakes, or grinding. They take longer to cook than other oats. Give them 50-60 minutes to cook, after you bring the water to a boil.
Question: Why should I check the labels on some packets of instant oatmeal?
Answer: Some packets of instant oatmeal, for example, are loaded with sugar -- as much as 8 teaspoons per serving -- and high in sodium. Always check the label to see what you're getting.
Question: Are oats gluten-free?
Answer: If you're on a gluten-free diet, look for oats that are certified gluten-free. Though oats themselves don't contain gluten, they can get tainted with gluten when they're being processed or growing, according to the Whole Grains Council.
Question: What are the benefits of eating oatmeal?
Answer: Oatmeal's most enduring claim to fame is its proven ability to curb bad ( LDL) cholesterol. Chalk that up to a type of soluble fiber called beta glucan. Fiber also eases constipation and helps control blood sugars.