anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are immune system disorders?
Answer: Immune system disorders cause abnormally low activity or over activity of the immune system. In cases of immune system over activity, the body attacks and damages its own tissues (autoimmune diseases). Immune deficiency diseases decrease the body's ability to fight invaders, causing vulnerability to infections. Examples of autoimmune diseases include: Rheumatoid arthritis.
Question: How does systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) affect the immune system?
Answer: The immune system produces antibodies that attach to the linings of joints. Immune system cells then attack the joints, causing inflammation, swelling, and pain. Treatment often requires daily oral prednisone, a steroid that reduces immune system function.
Question: What is the role of the immune system in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy?
Answer: The immune system attacks the nerves controlling muscles in the legs and sometimes the arms and upper body. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Question: What type of hemorrhoid treatment is sclerotherapy?
Answer: If you have several hemorrhoids, you may need to have this done every few weeks. More rarely, it also may cause blood clots or infections. Hemorrhoids treated this way are less likely to come back than with other treatments. With this treatment, your doctor focuses an infrared light on a hemorrhoid, and the heat causes scar tissue to form and blood flow to the hemorrhoid to be cut off. The surgeon can pinpoint the arteries supplying the hemorrhoids and can tie them off to cut the blood supply.
Question: Do rheumatologists help in treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These doctors treat arthritis and other problems of the joints, bones, and muscles. If you don't have one, ask your regular doctor for a referral. You can also look on your insurance plan's list of providers. Or check the website of the American College of Rheumatology (click on â Find a Rheumatologist").
Question: What will my rheumatologist do to help treat my rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your rheumatologist will: Do joint exams to look for swelling and changes in strength or how well the joint moves Give you X-rays and blood tests Give you a questionnaire at least twice a year about what you can do At least once a year, you should talk with your doctor about the "big picture" of your treatment plan.
Question: What are physical warning signs of stress?
Answer: Emotional warning signs of stress may include: Anger Inability to concentrate Unproductive worry Sadness Frequent mood swings Physical warning signs of stress may include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Chronic fatigue Weight gain or loss Erectile dysfunction Stomach pains Blood pressure elevation Changes in bowel habits Stomach pains Sleep disturbance Behavioral warning signs of stress include: Overreacting Acting on impulse Using alcohol or drugs Withdrawing from relationships Changing jobs often Eating disorders To help cope with stress: Lower your expectations; accept that there are events you cannot control.
Question: What is stress?
Answer: It's important to remember that you can control stress, because stress comes from how you respond to stressful events, not the events themselves. Stress can be caused by anything -- good and bad.
Question: What causes stress?
Answer: Stress can be caused by anything -- good and bad. Your body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. We all have our own ways of coping with change, so the causes of stress can be different for each person.
Question: Does stress cause ED?
Answer: But, when stress persists, the body begins to break down and problems like erectile dysfunction can occur. The key to coping with stress is identifying those conditions in your life causing the stress and learning ways to reduce them.
Question: How can my doctor help me with stress?
Answer: He or she can determine if stress is due to an anxiety disorder, a medical condition, or both and can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If an emergency, call a crisis hotline, or go to the nearest emergency room.
Question: When should I seek help for stress?
Answer: You should seek help in dealing with stress when you experience any of the following: Marked decline in work/school performance Excess anxiety Alcohol or drug abuse Inability to cope with demands of daily life Irrational fears Obsessive preoccupation with food and fear of becoming obese with no relationship to actual body weight Significant change in sleeping or eating habits Persistent physical ailments and complaints Suicidal thoughts or urge to hurt others Self-mutilation, self-destructive or dangerous behavior Sustained, withdrawn mood or antisocial behavior Decline or marked indifference in interpersonal relationships Your personal doctor.
Question: What are good ways to manage stress?
Answer: It's important to remember that you can control stress, because stress comes from how you respond to stressful events, not the events themselves. Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Confrontations Marriage Deadlines Legal problems Job loss Divorce New job Retirement Money problems Illnesses Parenting When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress. Ask others to help or assist you. Take responsibility for the situation. Assert" your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, combative, or passive. Maintain emotionally supportive relationships. Challenge previously held beliefs that are no longer adaptive. Distance yourself from the source of stress, if possible. Learn to relax. Eat and drink sensibly. Stop smoking or other bad habits. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy sense of self-esteem.
Question: What role does genetics play in depression?
Answer: Researchers know that if depression runs in your family, you have a higher chance of becoming depressed. But genetics don't fully explain why clinical depression occurs.
Question: What health conditions can raise your chances of depression?
Answer: Chronic and disabling medical conditions that may have no cure can raise your risk of becoming depressed. These include: Cancer Heart disease Stroke Thyroid problems Chronic pain Trauma such as violence or physical or emotional abuse -- whether it's early in life or more recent -- can trigger depression in people who are biologically vulnerable to it.
Question: What is the follow-up care when your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?
Answer: He'll tailor your schedule based on your specific needs, but an average appointment routine might look like this: Every 2 to 6 months for the first year or two after remission Every 6 to 12 months in the third through fifth years after remission. Once a year if it's more than 5 years since remission At some point after the 5-year mark, your oncologist may suggest that you get routine care from your primary care doctor instead of appointments with a specialist.
Question: What tests are done to confirm that your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?
Answer: Once a year if it's more than 5 years since remission At some point after the 5-year mark, your oncologist may suggest that you get routine care from your primary care doctor instead of appointments with a specialist. Your doctor may ask you to get CT scans at your early follow-up appointments. They let him see whether non- Hodgkin's lymphoma has returned. Recent research, though, shows that scans aren't any better at checking for signs that cancer has come back than blood tests and physical exams. So if you're not getting any scans as part of your follow-up care, it doesn't mean you're not getting the right care. Your doctor is simply using other ways to make sure you stay healthy. But if lab tests or your symptoms show signs that your non- Hodgkin's lymphoma is coming back, you'll probably get a scan.
Question: How can you keep on top of your health when your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?
Answer: Besides regular checkups, it's important to keep on top of your health in other ways when you're in remission from non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. So think about taking these steps: Visit your primary care doctor once a year. Get routine tests to measure your blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and thyroid function. Get a flu vaccine every year and a pneumonia vaccine every 5 years. If you're a woman, get a mammogram every year beginning at age 40. If you had radiation therapy and are younger than 40, your doctor may recommend starting mammograms ahead of schedule or getting regular MRI scans of your breasts.
Question: What  trees  are bad for pollen allergies?
Answer: Trees Alder, ash (male), aspen (male), beech, birch, box elder (male), cedar (male), cottonwood (male), elm, hickory, red and silver maples (male), mulberry (male), oak, olive, palm (male), pecan, pine, poplar (male), sycamore, walnut, willow (male).
Question: What flowers and plants are worst for pollen allergies?
Answer: Flowers/herbs Amaranth (pigweed), chamomile, chrysanthemums, daisies, ordinary sunflowers.
Question: What are grasses that are bad for allergies?
Answer: Grasses Bermuda, fescue, Johnson, June, orchard, perennial rye, redtop, salt grass, sweet vernal, timothy.
Question: What  weeds  are bad for allergies?
Answer: Weeds Cocklebur, ragweed, Russian thistle, sagebrush.
Question: What flowers are safe for people with pollen allergies?
Answer: Many flowers, shrubs, trees, and grasses make very little or even no pollen. Flowers Begonia, cactus, chenille, clematis, columbine, crocus, daffodil, dusty miller, geranium, hosta, impatiens, iris, lily, pansy, periwinkle, petunia, phlox, rose, salvia, snapdragon, thrift, tulip, verbena, zinnia.
Question: What are trees that are good for allergies?
Answer: Many flowers, shrubs, trees, and grasses make very little or even no pollen. Trees Apple, cherry, Chinese fan palm (female), fern pine (female), dogwood, English holly (female), Bradford pear, crepe myrtle, hardy rubber tree, magnolia, pear, plum, red maple (female).
Question: What are proton-pump inhibitors for heartburn?
Answer: PPIs are used to prevent frequent heartburn that happens more than twice a week. They work by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Often, they work better than H2 blockers. You also can take these drugs for a longer period of time than H2 blockers.
Question: What drugs can interfere with H2 blockers for heartburn?
Answer: Some H2 blockers can interfere with other drugs, including: Antiseizure medicines Blood thinners Medicines for heart rhythm problems Talk to your doctor if you take any of these medicines and you need to take an H2 blocker.
Question: How should I change my diet to avoid heartburn?
Answer: Here are a few that can trigger heartburn: Alcohol Chocolate Coffee Fatty or fried foods Greasy foods Onions Oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits and juices Peppermint Sodas and other bubbly drinks Spicy foods Tomatoes and tomato sauce Big meals can also set off heartburn. Instead of eating three big meals a day, try to eat several small meals throughout the day.
Question: What are other symptoms of GERD?
Answer: Besides the frequent burning in your chest, you might also have symptoms like: Bad breath or a sour taste in your mouth or in the back of your throat Breathing problems Cough Feeling like you have a lump in the back of your throat Hoarse or raspy voice Nausea Difficult or painful swallowing Sore throat Tooth decay Vomiting Is it GERD or something else?
Question: Should you call your doctor if your medications don't help with your heartburn?
Answer: If your heartburn isn't getting better, your medicines cause side effects you can't tolerate, or you have other complications, you may need surgery. It is rare to need surgery for heartburn.
Question: How do H2 blockers work to treat heartburn?
Answer: H2 blockers help relieve and prevent occasional heartburn by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Though they don't work as fast as antacids, their effects last longer. Your doctor may tell you to take an antacid and an H2 blocker together. H2 blockers are for short-term use -- less than 2 weeks. You can take them before your meals to prevent heartburn, or at bedtime. They come in liquids and pills.
Question: Is it heartburn or a heart attack?
Answer: Heartburn doesn't affect your heart, but it can feel a lot like the chest pain that happens during a heart attack. Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms along with chest pain, even if you're not sure that you're having a heart attack: Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Pain that travels to your neck and shoulder, jaw, or back Shortness of breath Sweating
Question: Is your heartburn because of GERD or something else?
Answer: Frequent heartburn is a symptom of GERD, but it may also signal a more serious condition, like an ulcer or irritation of the stomach lining. It's important to get help if you have heartburn frequently so you can avoid complications from GERD and uncover any other problems. Call your doctor or make an appointment with a gastroenterologist, who specializes in digestive illnesses. Many of the symptoms of heartburn sound like a heart attack. If you're not sure, call 911.
Question: What are the complications of frequent heartburn and GERD?
Answer: Over time, heartburn that isn't treated or controlled well by lifestyle changes or medicine may cause serious problems, including: Breathing problems like asthma, nighttime choking, and repeated pneumonia Changes in the cells that line the esophagus, called Barrett's esophagus. This can lead to cancer of the esophagus. Painful inflammation of the esophagus called esophagitis Narrowing of the esophagus, called esophageal stricture. This can cause problems swallowing.
Question: How can your doctor help with the symptoms of heartburn?
Answer: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do an exam. It can be helpful to keep a journal to note what you eat and drink and when you have heartburn. This will help you and your doctor pinpoint your triggers. If medicine and lifestyle changes don't control your heartburn, you can take one of these tests to find out what's causing the problem: p H test. This measures the acidity of your esophagus. The doctor will either attach a small sensor to your esophagus or place a thin tube down your esophagus. Endoscopy. A long, thin tube with a light on the end is put down your esophagus so your doctor can look inside your esophagus and stomach. Endoscopy can look for problems such as an ulcer or narrowing inside your esophagus. X-ray. You'll drink a liquid that coats the inside of your digestive tract. Then X-rays are taken, which will allow your doctor to see the outline of your digestive system.
Question: What are the side effects of prokinetics for heartburn?
Answer: Prokinetics can have more serious side effects than PPIs or H2 blockers. These include: Anxiety Depression Diarrhea Drowsiness Fatigue Irritability Nausea Problems with movement Should you call your doctor?
Question: How do you take proton-pump inhibitors for heartburn?
Answer: You need to take PPIs once a day on an empty stomach so they'll work best. Usually you'll take the medicine every morning, about 30 to 60 minutes before you eat breakfast, to control stomach acid.
Question: What triggers heartburn?
Answer: Triggers vary from person to person, but you may be more likely to get heartburn when you: Overeat Eat spicy, fatty, or greasy foods Lie down after you eat Are under stress Who gets heartburn?
Question: What else can I do to prevent heartburn?
Answer: Here are a few steps to try: Lose weight if you're overweight. Extra pounds put pressure on your stomach, forcing more acid up into your esophagus. Wear loose clothing. Tight clothes that press on your stomach can trigger heartburn. If you smoke, quit. Cigarette smoke relaxes the muscle that prevents acid from backing up into the esophagus. It also may increase how much acid your stomach makes. Check your medicines. Regular use of anti-inflammatory and pain medicines (other than acetaminophen) contributes to heartburn. Avoid high-impact exercise. If heartburn bothers you at night: Eat a light dinner and avoid foods that trigger your heartburn. Don't lie down for at least 2 to 3 hours after you eat. Use blocks or books to raise the head of your bed by 4-6 inches. Or put a foam wedge under your mattress at the head of the bed. Sleeping at an angle will help stop acid from backing up into your esophagus.
Question: What are prokinetics for heartburn?
Answer: Prokinetics help your stomach empty faster, so you have less acid left behind. Usually you take this medicine before meals and at bedtime. Prokinetics are sold only by prescription.
Question: Who gets heartburn?
Answer: Some people have a higher risk of heartburn, including those who are: Smokers Overweight Pregnant Have a hiatal hernia, where the stomach bulges up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm How should I change my diet to avoid heartburn?
Question: What type of antacid should I choose for my heartburn?
Answer: It's also known as acid reflux disease. Over-the- Counter Heartburn Relief Type of medicine How they work How fast they start working How long the effects last Side effects Antacids They neutralize stomach acid. Those that contain magnesium may also help heal stomach ulcers. They come in liquids and pills and are fast-acting. Look for brands that contain calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide to reduce these side effects.
Question: What are the side effects of antacids for heartburn?
Answer: Within seconds Up to 3 hours Some cause constipation and diarrhea. Look for brands that contain calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide to reduce these side effects. Don't take antacids with magnesium if you have chronic kidney disease. Some antacids have a lot of salt, so you should take them only for occasional heartburn.
Question: What are the side effects of proton-pump inhibitors for heartburn?
Answer: Up to 4 days Up to 24 hours They may cause diarrhea, headache, stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting. The most common side effects are mild and include: Diarrhea Headache Nausea and vomiting Stomach pain PPIs may also raise your chances of getting an infection of the intestines or lungs, but this is rare. These medicines have also been linked to fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine. The risk is highest in people who take PPIs for a year or more.
Question: What is GERD?
Answer: But when you have it frequently (at least twice a week for a few weeks), or when it begins to interfere with your daily life or damage your esophagus, your doctor may tell you that you have a long-term condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. It's also known as acid reflux disease. Heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD. Heartburn is usually a minor problem that goes away over time.
Question: When is heartburn an emergency?
Answer: Everyone has heartburn from time to time. But if you also have other symptoms, it could be a sign that something more serious is wrong. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room if: It hurts to swallow. You feel like you're choking. You have black, tarry-looking bowel movements. Your mouth or throat hurt when you eat. Your voice is hoarse. Your vomit contains blood or what looks like coffee grounds. You have trouble breathing.
Question: Why do people take elderberries?
Answer: Elderberries contain natural substances called flavonoids. They seem to help reduce swelling, fight inflammation, and boost the immune system. Limited studies have found that elderberry eases flu symptoms like fever, headache, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and body aches. The benefits seem to be greatest when started within 24 to 48 hours after the symptoms begin. One study found that elderberry could cut the duration of flu symptoms by more than 50%.
Question: What are interactions of elderberry?
Answer: If you take any drugs or supplements regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using elderberry supplements. They could interact with chemotherapy for cancer, immunosuppressant drugs, diuretics, and laxatives.
Question: How much elderberry should you take?
Answer: For flu, some studies have used 1 tablespoon of an elderberry syrup extract four times a day. Another common form of elderberry is a lozenge, often with zinc, that is taken numerous times daily after a cold begins. Ask your health care provider for advice.
Question: What are side effects of taking elderberry?
Answer: Elderberry supplements seem to have few risks when used daily for up to five days. The safety of its long-term use is unknown.
Question: What are elderberry supplements?
Answer: Elderberry supplements are made from the fruit or flowers of elderberry plants, and are often used for colds or flu.
Question: How can objects inserted into your vagina affect you?
Answer: Small objects inserted into the vagina do not generally cause pain. Unusual objects, generally those larger than the customary vaginal diameter, may cause pain because of distention. While a variety of symptoms may result from a foreign body in the vagina, the most common symptoms are bleeding or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Less common symptoms may include pain or urinary discomfort. Systemic infection can occur, but rarely. Vaginal foreign bodies are seen more commonly in children than in adolescent or adult women. For example, children may be able to describe these body parts to adults in instances of pain, discharge, or possible abuse.
Question: What are common symptoms of a vaginal foreign body?
Answer: Common symptoms of a vaginal foreign body include the following: Vaginal discharge, generally foul-smelling and yellow, pink, or brown Vaginal bleeding, especially light bleeding Vaginal itching or foul odor Discomfort with urination Discomfort due to vaginal discharge producing skin irritation Abdominal or pelvic pain from placement of large objects or perforation of a foreign body into the abdominal cavity Skin redness Swelling of the vagina and its entrance Rash in the vaginal area The presence of a vaginal foreign body may alter the normal bacterial flora of the vagina, resulting in repeated efforts to treat "vaginitis." Vaginal foreign bodies are seen more commonly in children than in adolescent or adult women.
Question: What are vaginal foreign bodies?
Answer: Some objects are designed for use in a woman's vagina. Others are not intended to be inserted and may be placed there accidentally or intentionally. Other common objects include marker caps or crayons. While small objects placed in the vagina may remain for a period of time without symptoms, larger objects may produce pain or discomfort immediately.
Question: What is oily skin type like?
Answer: You may have: Enlarged pores Dull or shiny, thick complexion Blackheads, pimples, or other blemishes Oiliness can change depending upon the time of year or the weather.
Question: What is sensitive skin type like?
Answer: It can show up as: Redness Itching Burning Dryness If your skin is sensitive, try to find out what your triggers are so you can avoid them. There are many possible reasons, but often it's in response to particular skin care products.
Question: What affects your skin type?
Answer: Your type depends on things such as: How much water is in your skin, which affects its comfort and elasticity How oily it is, which affects its softness How sensitive it is Not too dry and not too oily, normal skin has: No or few imperfections No severe sensitivity Barely visible pores A radiant complexion Your skin can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose, forehead, and chin).
Question: What is dry skin type like?
Answer: Combination skin can have: Pores that look larger than normal, because they're more open Blackheads Shiny skin You may have: Almost invisible pores Dull, rough complexion Red patches Your skin is less elastic More visible lines Your skin can crack, peel, or become itchy, irritated, or inflamed. If it's very dry, it can become rough and scaly, especially on the backs of your hands, arms, and legs.