anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the three main types of dental bridges?
Answer: A bridge is made up of two or more crowns for the teeth on either side of the gap -- these two or more anchoring teeth are called abutment teeth -- and a false tooth/teeth in between. Traditional bridges are the most common type of bridge and are made of either porcelain fused to metal or ceramics. Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth. This is not very common any more and is not recommended in the back of the mouth where it can put too much force on other teeth and damage them. Maryland bonded bridges (also called a resin-bonded bridge or a Maryland bridge) are made of porcelain, porcelain fused to metal, or plastic teeth and gums supported by a metal or porcelain framework. Metal or porcelain wings often on just one side of the bridge are bonded to your existing teeth.
Question: Will the dental bridge change how I speak?
Answer: Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth. Wearing a dental bridge with the anterior teeth in their proper relationship will help you speak properly.
Question: What are the side effects of antidepressants like l-methylfolate (Deplin)?
Answer: Referred to as a medical food, l-methylfolate is a prescription strength form of folate. Folate is also known as vitamin B9 and is one of the essential B vitamins. It helps regulate all three of the brain's monoamine neurotransmitters associated with moods. Side effects include hives, swelling, nausea and bloating.
Question: What are the most effective antidepressants and what are its side effects?
Answer: MAOIs such as isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), selegiline ( EMSAM), and tranylcypromine ( Parnate), are among the most effective of all known antidepressants. But they can cause serious interactions with some foods -- like aged meats and cheeses, fermented products like soy sauce, and broad flat beans -- as well as other medicines. For instance, they can be hazardous when combined with medicines such as pseudoephedrine ( Sudafed) that can raise blood pressure, and the interactions can lead to such effects as high blood pressure that is potentially fatal. They can also be dangerous with most other antidepressants, which can then raise levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin excessively.
Question: How can you deal with minor side effects of antidepressant medication?
Answer: Here are some tips for dealing with minor side effects of antidepressant medication. If your medicine upsets your stomach, ask your doctor if you should take it with a meal or if the risk may be less with a brand rather than a generic form of a drug. If your depression medicine makes you sleepy during the day or keeps you awake at night, ask your doctor what time of day you should take it. By taking your medicine first thing in the morning or right before bed, you might diminish some of the unwanted effects. Don't take depression medicine with alcohol.
Question: Why is it important to talk to your doctor about the side effects of antidepressants?
Answer: In fact, side effects are one of the main reasons that people with depression stop taking their medicine during their recovery. If your medicine upsets your stomach, ask your doctor if you should take it with a meal or if the risk may be less with a brand rather than a generic form of a drug. Don't stop taking your medication on your own if you don't like the side effects. Stopping your medicine suddenly can make your symptoms get worse and cause a relapse of your depression. If your doctor doesn't take your side effects seriously at first, be more clear about needing a plan to address them. Whatever you do, don't ignore side effects. Work with your doctor to resolve them so you have a better chance of recovery from your depression.
Question: How can side effects of antidepressants affect your treatment for depression?
Answer: In fact, side effects are one of the main reasons that people with depression stop taking their medicine during their recovery. Yet it's important to keep in mind that antidepressants can help you recover. The American Psychiatric Association recommends that people keep taking their medicine at least for four to five months after they recover from a first depressive episode -- in order to reduce the risk of relapse. And for people who have had multiple previous episodes, the recommendation is often longer (or sometimes even to continue indefinitely). It helps regulate all three of the brain's monoamine neurotransmitters associated with moods.
Question: What can you do about the side effects of antidepressants?
Answer: Like any medication, antidepressants can cause side effects. You and your doctor should work together to figure out the right balance. Keep in mind that many side effects might be worse when you first start a medicine or when you increase the dose. They may get better as your body adjusts. So if your side effects are mild, your doctor may want you to stick with your depression medicine to see if the side effects go away on their own.
Question: What is opioid constipation?
Answer: Constipation, or trouble pooping, is the most common side effect of the pain meds called opioids. Most people who take them will need to also take specific medications to get more regular bowel movements.
Question: How can other medications cause constipation?
Answer: Check your other medications. Opioids aren't the only drugs that can cause constipation. Antihistamines, some antidepressants, some medicines for heart disease, and chemotherapy drugs can have the same effect. Check with your doctor to see if any other medications you're taking may be adding to the problem.
Question: How can fiber help improve opioid constipation?
Answer: It can help keep your bowels regular. One kind of fiber, the "soluble" type, is especially helpful for opioid constipation. You can get it in foods that get soft when you add water to them, like oatmeal, barley, and flax. You can also get fiber from fruits (especially prunes and even warm prune juice), vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and nuts. Don't use fiber products that have psyllium. They can make opioid constipation worse.
Question: How can being active help with opioid constipation?
Answer: No matter the cause of constipation, physical activity will get your bowels moving. Even a little bit of gentle movement can help. Try 10 minutes of walking, some light stretches, or doing chores around the house. Talk with your doctor about what kind of activity might work for you.
Question: What kind of routine can help with opioid constipation?
Answer: Try to go to the bathroom at the same time every day. For many people it's in the morning after breakfast. And make sure you have a place to go that feels private. If you feel like going, don't wait. That can make constipation worse.
Question: How does drinking more water help prevent constipation as a side effect from opioids?
Answer: Dehydration is one reason many people get constipated, and opioids can make it worse. Plus, it can be tough to get the amount of fluids your body needs when you're in pain. Try to drink more H2 O throughout the day, even if you sip a little at a time. Hot liquids, like coffee, tea, or broth, can get things moving, too. You can also suck on ice chips, or nosh on foods with a lot of water, like watermelon or berries.
Question: How can water help improve opioid constipation?
Answer: Dehydration is one reason many people get constipated, and opioids can make it worse. Plus, it can be tough to get the amount of fluids your body needs when you're in pain. Try to drink more H2 O throughout the day, even if you sip a little at a time. Hot liquids, like coffee, tea, or broth, can get things moving, too. You can also suck on ice chips, or nosh on foods with a lot of water, like watermelon or berries.
Question: Which foods are good sources of fiber in preventing opioid constipation?
Answer: It can help keep your bowels regular. One kind of fiber, the "soluble" type, is especially helpful for opioid constipation. You can get it in foods that get soft when you add water to them, like oatmeal, barley, and flax. You can also get fiber from fruits (especially prunes and even warm prune juice), vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and nuts. Don't use fiber products that have psyllium. They can make opioid constipation worse.
Question: How can you treat opioid constipation?
Answer: Constipation, or trouble pooping, is the most common side effect of the pain meds called opioids. Most people who take them will need to also take specific medications to get more regular bowel movements. But some simple habits you can start at home can make a difference, too. Try these tips to get relief. Drink more water. Check your other medications.
Question: When can you leave the hospital after a severe asthma attack?
Answer: When the doctors at the hospital decide that you're well enough to go home, they'll make sure that you have: Medicines to keep your asthma under control An asthma action plan that lets you know how to prevent asthma attacks and manage your condition. You should already have one of these, but if you don't, you will when you leave the hospital.
Question: What is included in your treatment for severe asthma at the hospital?
Answer: Your treatment in the hospital may include continuous use of an asthma nebulizer, and also supplemental oxygen and steroid medicine to stop the attack. The doctor may also give you a dose of magnesium sulfate, which you'd get by IV, to help the muscles around your airways relax. These aren't medicines that would be a normal part of asthma care -- doctors just use them for emergencies.
Question: When should you call 911 for severe asthma?
Answer: That's often possible when you avoid your triggers, take your medicine, and follow the asthma action plan that you made with your doctor. Don't drive yourself to the hospital. It's not safe.
Question: How can cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom) help with treating pollen allergies?
Answer: Cromolyn sodium ( Nasal Crom) is a nasal spray that keeps certain cells in the body called mast cells from releasing chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. It's available without a prescription and helps a runny/itchy nose, sneezing, and congestion.
Question: How do immunotherapy tablets help with treating pollen allergies?
Answer: The FDA has approved three of these products: Grastek, Oralair, and Ragwitek. They work the same way as shots. The goal is to boost your tolerance of allergy triggers. The tablets can cause an allergic reaction in some people, so you will need to take your first one at your doctor's office to make sure it's safe for you.
Question: How can nasal steroids help with treating pollen allergies?
Answer: These are drugs you spray into your nose. They are the first choice of treatment for allergic rhinitis. They relieve congestion, a runny or itchy nose, sneezing, and other symptoms. Nasal steroids are often the first treatment doctors recommend. Some steroid sprays require a doctor's prescription, but three of them, budesonide ( Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone ( Flonase) and triamcinolone ( Nasacort Allergy 24 HR), do not. It's best to start using them before pollen season begins and to keep taking them as long as it lasts. It may take up to a week before your symptoms get better.
Question: What should I expect during clinical trials?
Answer: The new treatments are hoped to be at least as effective as -- or possibly more effective than -- current treatments. New treatment options are first researched in the laboratory, where they are carefully studied in the test tube and in laboratory animals. Only the treatments most likely to work are further evaluated in a small group of humans prior to applying them in a larger clinical trial.
Question: What is it like to participate in a clinical trial?
Answer: All patients face a new world of medical terms and procedures. Fears and myths of being experimented upon or being a guinea pig are common concerns of patients who are thinking about participating in a clinical trial. Even though there are always going to be fears of the unknown, understanding what is involved in a clinical trial before agreeing to participate can relieve some of your anxieties.
Question: What are the phases of a clinical trial?
Answer: Phase I clinical trial. A new research treatment is given to a small number of participants and emphasizes safety. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment, find out the drug's most frequent and serious side effects, and how much of it can be given safely. Phase II clinical trials. Determine the effect of a research treatment on the particular disease or condition being evaluated. Phase III clinical trials. Compare the new treatment with the standard treatment and study different populations and different dosages and combinations of drugs. Phase IV clinical trials. Apply the new treatment to general patient care (after FDA approval for marketing); for example, a new drug that was found effective in a clinical trial may be used together with other effective drugs to treat the particular disease or condition in a select group of patients.
Question: What are the advantages of participating in a clinical trial?
Answer: Be sure to discuss your treatment costs with the physicians and nurses conducting the clinical trial. Because the drug or device being studied is new, all of the risks and side effects of the treatment are not known at the beginning of the clinical trial. Even if you sign the form, you are free to leave the trial at any time to receive other available treatments. After you agree to participate in a clinical trial, you will continue to receive any new information about your treatment that may affect your willingness to stay in the trial.
Question: How would my treatment be different if I participated in a clinical trial?
Answer: Although they can be inconvenient, these tests can assure extra observation. Depending on the type of clinical trial, you may be asked to stop or change the medication(s) you are currently taking. You may also be asked to change your diet or any activities that could affect the outcome of the trial. Some clinical trials are double-blind, placebo-controlled. This means that the clinical trial participants may receive the real drug or an inactive substance that looks exactly like the drug (called a placebo). Neither the participant nor the researcher will know which drug they are receiving. What kinds of tests and treatments does the clinical trial involve, and how are these tests given?
Question: What are some other common risk factors for acid reflux disease?
Answer: These are other common risk factors for acid reflux disease: Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal Being overweight or obese Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist Snacking close to bedtime Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea Smoking Being pregnant Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications Common symptoms of acid reflux are: Heartburn: a burning pain or discomfort that may move from your stomach to your abdomen or chest, or even up into your throat Regurgitation: a sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into your throat or mouth Other symptoms of acid reflux disease include: Bloating Bloody or black stools or bloody vomiting Burping Dysphagia -- the sensation of food being stuck in your throat Hiccups that don't let up Nausea Weight loss for no known reason Wheezing, dry cough, hoarseness, or chronic sore throat It's time to see your doctor if you have acid reflux symptoms two or more times a week or if medications don't bring lasting relief.
Question: Can acid reflux disease be treated with medications?
Answer: In many cases, lifestyle changes combined with over-the-counter medications are all you need to control the symptoms of acid reflux disease. Antacids, such as Alka- Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, or Riopan, can neutralize the acid from your stomach. But they may cause diarrhea or constipation, especially if you overuse them. It's best to use antacids that contain both magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. When combined, they may help counteract these gastrointestinal side effects.
Question: How is fundoplication used to treat acid reflux disease?
Answer: Another surgical procedure called a fundoplication can help prevent further acid reflux. It creates an artificial valve using the top of your stomach. The procedure involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the LES to strengthen it, prevent acid reflux, and repair a hiatal hernia. Surgeons perform this procedure through either an open incision in the abdomen or chest or with a lighted tube inserted through a tiny incision in the abdomen. These procedures are done only as a last resort for treating acid reflux disease after medical treatment has proven to be inadequate.
Question: What causes acid reflux disease?
Answer: This occurs when the upper part of the stomach and LES move above the diaphragm, a muscle that separates your stomach from your chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps keep acid in our stomach. But if you have a hiatal hernia, acid can move up into your esophagus and cause symptoms of acid reflux disease.
Question: Can acid reflux disease be treated with diet and lifestyle changes?
Answer: Here are other steps you can take: Eat smaller meals more frequently throughout the day and modify the types of foods you are eating.. Quit smoking. Put blocks under the head of your bed to raise it at least 4 inches to 6 inches. Eat at least 2 to 3 hours before lying down. Try sleeping in a chair for daytime naps. Don't wear tight clothes or tight belts. If you're overweight or obese, take steps to lose weight with exercise and diet changes. Also, ask your doctor whether any medication could be triggering your heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. The most recently approved procedure involves surgically placing a ring known as a LINX device around the outside of the lower end of the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Question: Is acid reflux disease ever treated with surgery?
Answer: Also, ask your doctor whether any medication could be triggering your heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. There are two types of surgical treatment used to relieve symptoms of GERD if daily use of medication isn't effective. The most recently approved procedure involves surgically placing a ring known as a LINX device around the outside of the lower end of the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. The ring consists of magnetic titanium beads held together by titanium wires. The device helps reflux by preventing stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus. In one study, patients were able to stop taking medicine or cut down the amount they took. You shouldn't get the LINX device if you're allergic to certain metals, and once you have a LINX device you shouldn't get any type of MRI test.
Question: What medications are used to treat acid reflux disease?
Answer: If these steps don't help or if you have frequent or severe symptoms, your doctor may order tests to confirm a diagnosis and check for other problems. Some require a prescription. Your doctor may suggest more than one type or suggest you try a combination of medications such as these: Foaming agents ( Gaviscon) coat your stomach to prevent reflux. H2 blockers ( Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac) decrease acid production. Proton pump inhibitors ( Aciphex, Nexium, Prilosec, Prevacid, Protonix) also reduce the amount of acid your stomach makes. Prokinetics ( Reglan, Urecholine) can help strengthen the LES, empty your stomach faster, and reduce acid reflux.
Question: What are the different ways to cleanse your colon?
Answer: There are two main colon-cleansing methods. One involves buying products; the other involves seeing a practitioner to have a colon irrigation.
Question: What is the goal of natural colon cleansing?
Answer: The health claims made by producers of colon cleansing products and colon irrigation practitioners are broad and wide-reaching. Their main goal is to clear the colon of large quantities of stagnant, supposedly toxic waste encrusted on colon walls. Doing so, they claim, will enhance the vitality of the body. Other stated goals include: Improving mental outlook Improving the immune system Losing weight Reducing the risk of colon cancer Quality scientific research is lacking when it comes to determining whether or not a colon cleansing is helpful.
Question: How is colon cleansing with powdered or liquid supplements done?
Answer: Others you take through the rectum. Either way, the idea is to help the colon to expel its contents. You can find these products on the Internet or in health food stores, supermarkets, or pharmacies. They include: Enemas Laxatives-both stimulant and non stimulant types Herbal teas Enzymes Magnesium Colon cleansing with colon irrigation (high colonics).
Question: What are some potential side effects of colon cleansing?
Answer: There are some potential side effects, including: Vomiting, nausea, cramps Dizziness, a sign of dehydration Mineral imbalance Potential interference with medication absorption on day of procedure Bowel perforation Infection Depletion of helpful normal bowel flora unless replaced (i.e. probiotics) Kidney failure Be aware, if the therapist adds a substance to the water during colon irrigation, you run the risk of an allergic reaction.
Question: What else can you do to enhance colon health?
Answer: Risks of side effects increases, if you have: Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Severe hemorrhoids Tumors in your rectum or colon Recent bowel surgery Heart disease or kidney disease What you eat -- not what you flush through your colon -- may have the greatest impact on colon health, lowering your risk of colon cancer and enhancing your overall health. Increasing both soluble and insoluble fiber can help with a wide range of gastrointestinal problems, including constipation, diverticular disease, and colorectal cancer. The typical American consumes about 15 grams a day, but you need closer to 25 grams to 30 grams. If there are no gluten issues, add sources of both insoluble fiber, such as cereal and whole grains, and soluble fiber, such as bran, some fruit, some vegetables, and oatmeal. Also, drink plenty of fluids, but drink alcohol in moderation. Avoid tobacco and limit red meat. And, of course, get screened for colon cancer beginning at age 50, or earlier if your doctor advises.
Question: How might the risk of side effects from colon cleansing increase?
Answer: Risks of side effects increases, if you have: Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Severe hemorrhoids Tumors in your rectum or colon Recent bowel surgery Heart disease or kidney disease What you eat -- not what you flush through your colon -- may have the greatest impact on colon health, lowering your risk of colon cancer and enhancing your overall health.
Question: Are there risks associated with natural colon cleansing?
Answer: Or is it true that colon cleansing can be beneficial? The government doesn't regulate natural colon cleansing products, so their potency, safety, and purity can't be guaranteed. It's always a good idea to talk with your primary health provider before starting a new practice such as colon cleansing.
Question: Is colon cleansing necessary?
Answer: In the U. S., cleansing the colon -- the large intestine -- became popular in the early 1900s. But when the theories behind it lost support, it fell out of favor. Recently, though, colon cleansing -- using, for example, teas, enzymes, or colon irrigation -- has experienced resurgence. Scientific research on colon cleansing is extremely limited. There is no good evidence for most of the claims that its practitioners make. And the side effects can range from mild to severe. You take some supplements used for colon cleansing by mouth. One of the main theories behind colon cleansing is an ancient belief called the theory of autointoxication.