anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can learning how to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?
Answer: When someone with schizophrenia has hallucinations (hears or sees things that aren't there) or delusions (believes things that aren't true, even when he gets proof that they're false), he believes they are real. It doesn't help him to challenge his beliefs by saying they're not. Instead, tell him that you each see things in your own way. Be respectful, kind, and supportive, and call his doctor if needed. If he's acting out hallucinations, stay calm, call 911, and tell the dispatcher he has schizophrenia. While you wait for paramedics, don't argue, shout, criticize, threaten, block the doorway, touch him, or stand over him. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened.
Question: How can knowing the signs of suicide help someone you love with schizophrenia?
Answer: Most people with schizophrenia are harmless to others. They're more likely to hurt themselves than anybody else. Sometimes that includes trying to take their own life. You should take any suicidal talk seriously, and pay attention to poems, notes, or any other things your loved one creates that are about death. Also, be suspicious if he suddenly goes from depressed to cheerful. This change could mean he's thinking about suicide. For help on the spot, call your doctor and the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255.
Question: How can educating yourself help someone you love with schizophrenia?
Answer: So learn as much as you can. The more information you have, the better prepared you will be to deal with it. You'll also be better able to support your family member with schizophrenia. And that can boost the odds that he will stick with his treatment, even when things gets tough. The Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America ( SARDAA) and National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) both offer support.
Question: How can being ready to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?
Answer: If you're not sure who to call to get treatment started, try your family doctor, who may refer you to a psychiatrist. If another person is available, ask them to stay with your loved one while you contact the doctor or 911. If your loved one threatens suicide, don't leave him alone. If his behavior becomes dangerous, immediately call 911 and ask for the police. Tell them he has schizophrenia and explain the situation, but let them handle it. Police are trained to evaluate and manage people with psychotic disorders and other types of emotional distress.
Question: What should you do when someone you love has schizophrenia?
Answer: Giving support to a family member or friend with schizophrenia means helping him get the medical and psychological treatment he needs. But it also means taking care of yourself at the same time. Use these 10 ideas to create an action plan that works for both of you. So learn as much as you can. Ask his doctor as many questions as you need, and keep details. In these support groups, he will be among other people with schizophrenia who will share their experiences. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened. Call his doctor to let her know what's going on, as well. If you don't live close by, you can help by staying in touch via telephone, text, email, and mail.
Question: Should you get up and do something if you wake up in the middle of the night?
Answer: True: If you wake up in the night and can't fall back to sleep within about 15-20 minutes, get out of bed and do something relaxing. Do not sit in bed and watch the clock. Experts recommend going into another room to read or listen to music. Return to bed only when you feel tired.
Question: Does insomnia mean you only have difficulty falling asleep?
Answer: False: One or more of the following four symptoms are usually associated with insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep Frequent awakenings Waking up feeling unrefreshed Daytime sleepiness means a person is not getting enough sleep.
Question: Can you cheat the amount of sleep you get?
Answer: False: Sleep experts say that most adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep each night for optimal health. Getting fewer hours of sleep will eventually need to be replenished with additional sleep in the next few nights. Our body does not seem to get used to less sleep than it needs.
Question: Does daytime sleepiness mean a person is not getting enough sleep?
Answer: False: While excessive daytime sleepiness often occurs if you don't get enough sleep, it can also occur even after a good night's sleep. Such sleepiness can be a sign of an underlying medical condition or sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep apnea.
Question: Do teens need more sleep than adults?
Answer: True: Teens need at least 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep each night, compared to an average of seven to nine hours each night for most adults. The internal biological clocks of teenagers can keep them awake later in the evening and can interfere with waking up in the morning.
Question: Are health problems related to the amount and quantity of a person's sleep?
Answer: False: More and more scientific studies are showing correlations between poor quality sleep and/or insufficient sleep with a variety of diseases, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and depression. For example, insufficient sleep can impair the body's ability to use insulin, which can lead to the development of more severe diabetes. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes and sleep apnea have improvement of blood sugar control when treated for sleep apnea. This is also found in patients with high blood pressure and sleep apnea. When the sleep apnea is treated, the blood pressure also improves. In addition, too little sleep may decrease growth hormone secretion, which has been linked to obesity.
Question: Does your brain rest during sleep?
Answer: False: The body rests during sleep, not the brain. The brain remains active, gets recharged, and still controls many body functions including breathing during sleep.
Question: Can snoring be harmful?
Answer: True: Aside from bothering other people, snoring is not harmful. However, it can be a sign of sleep apnea, a sleep disorder that is associated with significant medical problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Sleep apnea is characterized by episodes of reduced or no airflow throughout the night. People with sleep apnea may remember waking up frequently during the night gasping for breath.
Question: Do older people need less sleep?
Answer: False: The average adult needs a total sleep time of seven to nine hours per day. While sleep patterns usually change as we age, the amount of sleep we generally need does not. Older people may sleep less at night due, in part, to frequent night waking, but their need for sleep is no less than that of younger adults.
Question: Does getting too little sleep impact weight?
Answer: True: How much a person sleeps at night can impact their weight. This is because the amount of sleep a person gets can affect certain hormones, specifically the hormones leptin and ghrelin, that affect appetite. Leptin and ghrelin work in a kind of "checks and balances" system to control feelings of hunger and fullness. Ghrelin, which is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, stimulates appetite, while leptin, produced in fat cells, sends a signal to the brain when you are full. When you don't get enough sleep, it drives leptin levels down, which means you don't feel as satisfied after you eat, and increases ghrelin levels, stimulating your appetite so you want more food. The two combined can set the stage for overeating, which in turn may lead to weight gain.
Question: What illnesses can you get from mosquito bites?
Answer: There's no vaccine to prevent the virus.
Question: What are precautions for kids who play sports outside in hot weather?
Answer: Slowly increase the intensity and length of workouts over 10 to 14 days. Children and teens who exercise hard or play sports on hot days should cut back their time on the playing field by taking more frequent breaks, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP). Young athletes should be well hydrated before they begin to play. Then, during play, coaches or parents should make sure children drink often -- even if the children aren't thirsty -- about every 20 minutes.
Question: How can you help your child's skin stay healthy and itch-free?
Answer: Try these tips: Dry the drool. Use fragrance- and dye-free cleansers and soaps. can't fight the urge to scratch that itch. Use lukewarm (not hot) water and avoid bubble baths. Keep baths short (3 to 5 minutes). Then use an ointment or cream, and don't be afraid to slather it on. Dress her in soft cotton fabrics. If you see symptoms of a skin infection -- pus or very red, sore, raised, hot, or crusty skin -- call your doctor.
Question: What are the main risk factors for type 1 diabetes?
Answer: This type usually starts in childhood. Your pancreas stops making insulin. You have type 1 diabetes for life. The main things that lead to it are: Family history. If you have relatives with diabetes, chances are higher that you'll get it, too. Anyone who has a mother, father, sister, or brother with type 1 diabetes should get checked. A simple blood test can diagnose it. Diseases of the pancreas. They can slow its ability to make insulin. Infection or illness. Some infections and illnesses, mostly rare ones, can damage your pancreas.
Question: What are some things that can lead to gestational diabetes?
Answer: Diabetes when you're expecting affects about 4% of all U. S. pregnancies. It's caused by hormones the placenta makes or by too little insulin. High blood sugar from the mother causes high blood sugar in the baby. That can lead to growth and development problems if left untreated. Things that can lead to gestational diabetes include: Obesity or being overweight. Extra pounds can lead to gestational diabetes. Glucose intolerance. Having glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes in the past makes you more likely to get it again. Family history. If a parent or sibling has had gestational diabetes, you're more likely to get it. Age. The older you are when you get pregnant, the higher your chances are. Ethnic background. Nonwhite women have a greater chance of developing it.
Question: How many Americans have diabetes?
Answer: That amounts to about 7 million Americans.
Question: What should I do if I am at risk for diabetes?
Answer: Keep your weight within or near a healthy range.
Question: What causes gestational diabetes?
Answer: Diabetes when you're expecting affects about 4% of all U. S. pregnancies. It's caused by hormones the placenta makes or by too little insulin. High blood sugar from the mother causes high blood sugar in the baby. That can lead to growth and development problems if left untreated.
Question: What are the three major types of diabetes?
Answer: If you have this kind, your body can't use the insulin it makes. Gestational diabetes.
Question: What are the main things that lead to type 2 diabetes?
Answer: With all three, your body can't make or use insulin. This type usually starts in childhood. The main things that lead to it are: Obesity or being overweight. Research shows this is a top reason for type 2 diabetes. Because of the rise in obesity among U. S. children, this type is affecting more teenagers. Impaired glucose tolerance. Prediabetes is a milder form of this condition. It can be diagnosed with a simple blood test. If you have it, there's a strong chance you'll get type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes often starts with cells that are resistant to insulin. That means your pancreas has to work extra hard to make enough insulin to meet your body's needs. Ethnic background. Diabetes happens more often in Hispanic/ Latino Americans, African- Americans, Native Americans, Asian- Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Alaska natives. Gestational diabetes. If you had diabetes while you were pregnant, you had gestational diabetes. This raises your chances of getting type 2 diabetes later in life. Sedentary lifestyle. You exercise less than three times a week. Family history. You have a parent or sibling who has diabetes. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) have a higher risk. If you're over 45 and overweight or if you have symptoms of diabetes, talk to your doctor about a simple screening test.
Question: What are the main things that lead to type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Your pancreas stops making insulin. You have type 1 diabetes for life. The main things that lead to it are: Family history. If you have relatives with diabetes, chances are higher that you'll get it, too. Anyone who has a mother, father, sister, or brother with type 1 diabetes should get checked. A simple blood test can diagnose it. Diseases of the pancreas. They can slow its ability to make insulin. Infection or illness. Some infections and illnesses, mostly rare ones, can damage your pancreas. This raises your chances of getting type 2 diabetes later in life.
Question: What are the main risk factors for gestational diabetes?
Answer: The main things that lead to it are: Obesity or being overweight. Gestational diabetes. Having glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes in the past makes you more likely to get it again. Family history. If a parent or sibling has had gestational diabetes, you're more likely to get it. The older you are when you get pregnant, the higher your chances are. Ethnic background. Nonwhite women have a greater chance of developing it.
Question: What are some steps to take to delay or prevent diabetes?
Answer: If you have it, there's a strong chance you'll get type 2 diabetes. Manage your blood pressure. Keep your weight within or near a healthy range. Get 30 minutes of exercise on most days. Eat a balanced diet.
Question: What is internal gangrene?
Answer: Types of wet gangrene include: Internal gangrene: If gangrene occurs inside the body due to blocked blood flow to an internal organ, then it is referred to as internal gangrene. This is usually related to an infected organ such as the appendix or colon.
Question: What conditions increase your risk of gangrene?
Answer: Any condition that affects blood flow increases your risk of gangrene, including: Diabetes Atherosclerosis Peripheral arterial disease Smoking Trauma or serious injury Obesity Raynaud's phenomenon (a condition in which the blood vessels that supply the skin become intermittently narrowed) Weakened immune system There are two main types of gangrene: Dry gangrene: More common in people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, dry gangrene usually affects the hands and feet.
Question: How are antibiotics used to treat gangrene?
Answer: Antibiotics are used to treat and prevent infections. These are usually given by intravenous injection into a vein.
Question: How is maggot therapy used to treat gangrene?
Answer: Maggots provide a non-surgical way to remove dead tissue. When used to treat gangrene, maggots from fly larvae (specially bred in a laboratory so they are sterile) are placed on the wound, where they consume the dead and infected tissue without harming healthy tissue. They also help fight infection and speed up healing by releasing substances that kill bacteria.
Question: How is oxygen therapy used to treat gangrene?
Answer: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used in some cases of wet gangrene or ulcers related to diabetes or peripheral artery disease. During treatment, the patient is put in a specially designed chamber filled with oxygen at a higher pressure than oxygen found in the outside air. The theory is that this high level of oxygen saturates the blood and encourages healing of the dying tissue. Oxygen therapy may also reduce the growth of bacteria that cannot thrive in an oxygen-rich environment.
Question: What is gas gangrene?
Answer: It occurs when infection develops deep inside the body, such as inside muscles or organs, usually as a result of trauma. The bacteria that causes gas gangrene, called clostridia, release dangerous toxins or poisons that wreak havoc throughout the body, along with gas which can be trapped within body tissue. As the condition progresses, the skin may become pale and gray, and make a crackling sound when pressed, due to the gas within the tissue. Gas gangrene warrants immediate medical treatment. Without treatment, death can occur within 48 hours.
Question: What is dry gangrene?
Answer: Any condition that affects blood flow increases your risk of gangrene, including: Diabetes Atherosclerosis Peripheral arterial disease Smoking Trauma or serious injury Obesity Raynaud's phenomenon (a condition in which the blood vessels that supply the skin become intermittently narrowed) Weakened immune system There are two main types of gangrene: Dry gangrene: More common in people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, dry gangrene usually affects the hands and feet. It develops when blood flow to the affected area is impaired, usually as a result of poor circulation. In this type, the tissue dries up and may be brown to purplish-blue to black in color and often falls off. Unlike other types of gangrene, infection is typically not present in dry gangrene. However, dry gangrene can lead to wet gangrene if it becomes infected.
Question: How can you prevent gangrene from happening again?
Answer: Often vascular surgery, such as bypass surgery or angioplasty, is needed to restore blood flow. Medication to prevent blood clots may be used in some cases.
Question: What are symptoms of dry gangrene?
Answer: You may notice the following symptoms at the site of the dry gangrene: Dry and shriveled skin that changes color from blue to black and eventually sloughs off Cold and numb skin Pain may or may not be present Symptoms of wet gangrene may include: Swelling and pain at the site of infection Change in skin color from red to brown to black Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge (pus) Fever and feeling unwell A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when pressed Internal gangrene usually is painful in the area of the gangrene.
Question: What are symptoms of sepsis related to gangrene?
Answer: Symptoms of sepsis may include: Low blood pressure Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Change in body temperature Light-headedness Body pain and rash Confusion Cold, clammy, and pale skin If you think you or a loved one may have sepsis, go to the emergency room immediately.
Question: What is the outlook for gangrene?
Answer: Gangrene is a serious medical condition that requires immediate medical treatment. While most people with dry gangrene recover fully with treatment, gangrene that involves an infection can be life-threatening. The sooner you get treatment, the better your chances of recovery. If you have ongoing and unexplained pain in any area in your body, fever, a wound that is slow to heal, or you notice a change in skin color, make an appointment to see your doctor right away or go to the emergency room.
Question: What is gangrene?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Gangrene is a condition that occurs when body tissue dies. It is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an underlying illness, injury, and/or infection. Fingers, toes, and limbs are most often affected, but gangrene can also occur inside the body, damaging organs and muscles. There are different types of gangrene and all require immediate medical attention.
Question: What are symptoms of wet gangrene?
Answer: You may notice the following symptoms at the site of the dry gangrene: Dry and shriveled skin that changes color from blue to black and eventually sloughs off Cold and numb skin Pain may or may not be present Symptoms of wet gangrene may include: Swelling and pain at the site of infection Change in skin color from red to brown to black Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge (pus) Fever and feeling unwell A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when pressed Internal gangrene usually is painful in the area of the gangrene.
Question: How is surgery used to treat gangrene?
Answer: Also called debridement, the dead tissue is surgically removed to prevent the spread of infection. In some situations, amputation (removal of the affected limb, finger or toe) may be required.
Question: What is wet gangrene?
Answer: Wet gangrene: Unlike dry gangrene, wet gangrene almost always involves an infection. Injury from burns or trauma where a body part is crushed or squeezed can rapidly cut off blood supply to the affected area, causing tissue death and increased risk of infection. The tissue swells and blisters and is called "wet" because of pus. Infection from wet gangrene can spread quickly throughout the body, making wet gangrene a very serious and potentially life-threatening condition if not treated quickly.
Question: What is Fournier's gangrene?
Answer: Fournier's gangrene: Also a rare condition, Fournier's gangrene is caused by an infection in the genital area. Men are affected more often than women. If the infection gets into the bloodstream, a condition called sepsis, it can be life-threatening.
Question: What causes gangrene?
Answer: Not only does it transport oxygen and nutrients throughout your body to feed cells, it delivers disease-fighting antibodies that protect your body from infection. When blood cannot travel freely throughout the body, your cells cannot survive, infection can develop, and tissue can die from gangrene. Believe it or not, maggots still play a role in modern medicine.
Question: How can I avoid spreading a sexually transmitted disease?
Answer: To prevent giving an STD to someone else: Stop having sex until you see a doctor and are treated. Follow your doctor's instructions for treatment. Use condoms whenever you have sex, especially with new partners. Don't resume having sex unless your doctor says it's OK. Return to your doctor to get rechecked. Be sure your sex partner or partners also are treated.
Question: Does using condoms with nonoxynol-9 prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
Answer: Current recommendations are to avoid using condoms with nonoxynol-9. To prevent giving an STD to someone else: Stop having sex until you see a doctor and are treated.
Question: What should you do first and foremost to prevent getting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
Answer: People who are drunk or on drugs often fail to have safe sex. Consider that not having sex is the only sure way to prevent STDs.
Question: When is it time to call the doctor if I have a gout attack?
Answer: You have a higher risk of gout if you: Are overweight Eat foods high in purines (anchovies, asparagus, dried beans, liver, sardines, gravy, beer, and animal organs) Drink too much alcohol Take certain medicines A gout attack will usually go away in about 3 to 10 days. But you can feel better sooner if you treat it. To be sure that you have gout, see your doctor. He'll examine you, and he might do some tests.
Question: How common is gout?
Answer: In the U. S., about 1 person in 50 gets gout. It's more common in men than in women and children. And it tends to run in families. You have a higher risk of gout if you: Are overweight Eat foods high in purines (anchovies, asparagus, dried beans, liver, sardines, gravy, beer, and animal organs) Drink too much alcohol Take certain medicines A gout attack will usually go away in about 3 to 10 days.