anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Are triptans used to treat migraines during pregnancy?
Answer: Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway. Triptans aren't known to cause birth defects. But most research to date has focused on animals, not humans. Some experts still warn about combining triptans with two common classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) The combination was thought to carry the risk of a life-threatening condition called "serotonin syndrome." But many doctors now believe that it is safe for many people to take both medicines. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.
Question: Are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to treat migraines during pregnancy?
Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including aspirin, may carry a risk of bleeding and miscarriage if taken near the time of conception. There is also a possible risk of heart complications in the baby if they are taken in the third trimester. Aspirin taken near delivery may lead to excess blood loss in mothers during birth.
Question: What medications are used for migraine headaches in pregnancy?
Answer: If you're pregnant -- or planning to get pregnant soon -- your doctor will generally advise you to stay off medications unless they're absolutely needed. Together, you'll have to weigh the potential effects of a drug on your unborn baby. In some cases, a decision will need to be made based on scant or inconclusive research into a particular drug. Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. That's because they've been linked to birth defects in babies. Other medications are associated with pregnancy complications. For instance, some have been associated with bleeding, miscarriage, or intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR), a condition in which the uterus and fetus don't grow normally.
Question: What are common headache triggers during pregnancy?
Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.
Question: What can you do to avoid triggers of migraines during pregnancy?
Answer: A headache diary can let you track your particular triggers. This will help your doctor decide on what treatment will work best to relieve your specific symptoms. It may also help you recognize a pattern that tells you which triggers to avoid while you're pregnant.
Question: How to triptans work to treat migraine headaches in pregnancy?
Answer: Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway. Triptans aren't known to cause birth defects. But most research to date has focused on animals, not humans. Some experts still warn about combining triptans with two common classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) The combination was thought to carry the risk of a life-threatening condition called "serotonin syndrome." But many doctors now believe that it is safe for many people to take both medicines. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.
Question: What should you do if you have a migraine headache and are pregnant?
Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.
Question: How do ergotamines work to treat migraine headaches in pregnancy?
Answer: But doctors advise against taking these drugs during pregnancy. They carry a risk of birth defects, especially if taken in the first trimester. These drugs may also stimulate labor contractions and premature birth.
Question: How can you prevent migraine headaches in pregnancy?
Answer: If you have severe, recurring attacks, preventive treatment may stop future attacks or reduce their severity. Many of the drugs used for prevention were originally used for other conditions, such as high blood pressure. See a neurologist experienced with treating pregnant women. She'll prescribe a medicine in the lowest dose needed to help you and likely recommend some kind of talk therapy. Relatively safe medications for migraines include beta-blockers, such as propranolol and labetalol, as well as calcium channel blockers such as verapamil. When you're pregnant, always talk with your doctor before taking any drug, herbal product, or natural medicine. If you can't take medications or wish not to, there are some devices which might be worth considering. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead. This stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TMS is a magnet placed on the back of the head at the first sign of a headache. It gives off a split-second magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. It usually has no side effects. Also, gamma Core is a hand-held portable device which is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator (n VS). When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. If you're seeing a headache specialist, double-check with your obstetrician or certified midwife about the safety of any medications ordevices during pregnancy. While migraine pain may be excruciating, taking a risk with your baby's health could cause lifelong health problems for your child.
Question: Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) risk pregnancy?
Answer: Most NSAIDs, including ibuprofen -- sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin -- and naproxen -- sold as Aleve and other brands -- don't have enough controlled human research studies to assess all their risks in pregnancy.
Question: How long do migraines during pregnancy last?
Answer: Some migraines last a few hours. Others, if left untreated, could last a couple of days. Migraines are quite unpredictable. So while pregnancy may make them worse for one woman, they might completely disappear for another.
Question: What are common triggers of migraine headaches in pregnancy?
Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.
Question: What causes migraine headaches during pregnancy?
Answer: But migraines appear to involve changes in nerve pathways, neurochemicals, and blood flow in the brain. Researchers believe that overly excited brain cells stimulate a release of chemicals. These chemicals irritate blood vessels on the brain's surface. That, in turn, causes blood vessels to swell and stimulate the pain response. This stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches.
Question: Are pain relievers used to treat the pain of migraines during pregnancy?
Answer: Hormone changes during pregnancy are not the only thing that can trigger migraine headaches. Pain relievers, also called analgesics, may help ease the intense pain of migraines. These general pain-relieving drugs, though, aren't specific to the migraine pain pathway: Acetaminophen is generally considered low-risk during pregnancy. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.
Question: Are narcotic pain relievers used to treat migraines  during pregnancy?
Answer: Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. There is a dual risk of addiction in both mothers and babies if they are used for prolonged periods of time.
Question: Are certain medications used to treat migraines during pregnancy?
Answer: For instance, stress, skipped meals, and lack of sleep may all trigger a migraine. Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. But many of the drugs typically used for migraine haven't been adequately studied in pregnancy, so their safety or risk to the fetus has not been determined.
Question: What pain relievers are used to treat migraine headaches during pregnancy?
Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including aspirin, may carry a risk of bleeding and miscarriage if taken near the time of conception. There is also a possible risk of heart complications in the baby if they are taken in the third trimester. Aspirin taken near delivery may lead to excess blood loss in mothers during birth. Most NSAIDs, including ibuprofen -- sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin -- and naproxen -- sold as Aleve and other brands -- don't have enough controlled human research studies to assess all their risks in pregnancy. Narcotic pain relievers should generally be avoided. There is a dual risk of addiction in both mothers and babies if they are used for prolonged periods of time. Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway.
Question: Should I track my migraine triggers with a migraine diary during pregnancy?
Answer: Hormone changes during pregnancy are not the only thing that can trigger migraine headaches. Most women have a combination of triggers. For instance, stress, skipped meals, and lack of sleep may all trigger a migraine. And something that triggers a migraine one day may not bother you at all the next. A headache diary can let you track your particular triggers.
Question: What happens when TNF causes too much inflammation?
Answer: Having the right amount of tumor necrosis factor in your body is important. If you're healthy, your body naturally takes care of this: It blocks any extra TNF you might have. That doesn't always happen in diseases like RA, so you end up with too much TNF in your blood. That leads to inflammation and painful symptoms.
Question: What is TNF?
Answer: If you have an immune system disease like rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), you may have heard your doctor use the term TNF. It's shorthand for tumor necrosis factor, a protein in your body that causes inflammation and helps coordinate the process.
Question: How can inflammation be a good thing?
Answer: It happens when your immune system -- your body's natural defense force -- is fighting a possible threat. For example, when you have a cold, your sinuses swell. When you get a cut, your finger turns warm and red. These things don't feel good, but they show your immune system is doing its job. These medications can be used to treat: Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Juvenile arthritis Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriasis Rheumatoid arthritis patients who have not responded sufficiently to TNF inhibitors may be prescribed baricitinib ( Olumiant) or tofacitinib ( Xeljanz).
Question: How can inflammation be a bad thing?
Answer: It's shorthand for tumor necrosis factor, a protein in your body that causes inflammation and helps coordinate the process. If you have a disease like RA or psoriatic arthritis, your immune system is confused about what to attack. It goes after healthy body parts, like your joints, by mistake. Your system gets flooded with inflammation, which often means you have too much tumor necrosis factor -- specifically, a type called TNF alpha.
Question: What can Medicare do to help the person with early-onset dementia?
Answer: Medicare: This federal health insurance program helps pay for some doctor's fees, medical items, outpatient prescription drugs, and all inpatient hospital care. It's for people over 65 who get Social Security retirement benefits. However, those with early-onset Alzheimer's are eligible after they get SSDI for at least 24 months. It also provides some short-term home health care in some cases.
Question: Why do you need an attorney for a person with early-onset dementia?
Answer: As soon as the person you're caring for is diagnosed with early-onset dementia, the two of you should meet with an attorney to create a Power of Attorney ( POA). This document gives you -- or whomever your loved one designates -- the right to make financial, property, and personal care decisions for the person with dementia. An attorney can also help your loved one create a will and other important legal documents.
Question: What can disability insurance do to help the person with early-onset dementia?
Answer: Specifically, ask about: Disability insurance: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is recognized by the Social Security Administration, so your loved one may be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance ( SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income ( SSI).
Question: How is inhaled insulin used today?
Answer: In June 2014, the FDA approved Afrezza. It's an inhaler with pre-measured, rapid-acting insulin you use before meals. It's not for diabetes emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). Common side effects of inhaled insulin are low blood sugar, a cough, and a scratchy or sore throat. If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll still need to take long-acting insulin, too, to help control your blood sugar. If you smoke or you have a lung disease, such as asthma or COPD, you shouldn't use inhaled insulin.
Question: What are the symptoms of mantle cell lymphoma?
Answer: Most people with mantle cell lymphoma have cancer cells in more than one lymph node and in other parts of the body. You may have symptoms such as: Loss of appetite and weight Fever Night sweats Nausea or vomiting Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin Heartburn, belly pain, or bloating A sense of fullness or discomfort from enlarged tonsils, liver, or spleen Pressure or pain in the lower back, often going down one or both legs Fatigue Your doctor will do a physical exam and may ask you questions such as: Have you lost weight recently?
Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about mantle cell lymphoma?
Answer: Do I need to see a doctor who specializes in treating non- Hodgkin's lymphomas? At what stage is my mantle cell lymphoma? How fast is it growing? Do I need treatment now, or can I "watch and wait?" What are my treatment options? Which treatments do you recommend? What are the possible side effects from treatment? How can they be managed? What follow-up care will I need? How will you check for any return of the cancer after my treatment ends?
Question: What is mantle cell lymphoma?
Answer: Mantle cell lymphoma is a cancer of white blood cells, which help your body fight infections. You may hear your doctor refer to your condition as a type of "non- Hodgkin's lymphoma." These are cancers of the lymphocytes, a specific type of white blood cell. Lymphocytes are found in your lymph nodes, the pea-sized glands in your neck, groin, armpits, and other places that are part of your immune system. If you have mantle cell lymphoma, some of your lymphocytes, called " B-cell" lymphocytes, change into cancer cells. This means they multiply quickly and out of control. These cancer cells start to form tumors in your lymph nodes. They may enter your blood or lymph channels and spread to other lymph nodes, as well as your bone marrow (the soft center where blood cells are made), digestive tract, spleen, and liver. Often, mantle cell lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body by the time you get a diagnosis. Although in most cases it can't be cured, treatment and support can help you live longer and better. And researchers are looking for new treatments that can do even more. It's normal to have worries and questions about any serious condition. Learn about your treatment options, and seek out family and friends for support. They can help you get through the emotional and physical challenges ahead.
Question: What should I expect from mantle cell lymphoma?
Answer: Often, mantle cell lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body by the time you get a diagnosis. Your doctor may want to check a sample of the tissue in a lymph node. Since mantle cell lymphoma has often spread throughout your body by the time it's diagnosed, it can be hard to cure. They test new drugs to see if they are safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one might be a good fit for you.
Question: What tests will help diagnose mantle cell lymphoma?
Answer: The blood tests can reveal the number of blood cells you have, how well your kidneys and liver are working, and whether you have certain proteins in the blood that suggest you have mantle cell lymphoma. Biopsy. Your doctor may want to check a sample of the tissue in a lymph node. To do that, they'll remove either the whole lymph node or part of it. The lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, and groin are close to your skin. Your doctor will numb your skin. They'll then make a small cut and remove a sample of the lymph node. It's usually an outpatient procedure, which means you don't have to stay overnight in a hospital. Using a microscope, experts will look at the sample to see if there are cancer cells. They also test the tissue for cell changes and other signs that point to mantle cell lymphoma. Your doctor may also take samples of your bone marrow, usually from your hip bone, to see if the cancer has spread. You lie down on a table and get a shot that numbs the area. Then your doctor uses a needle to remove a small amount of liquid bone marrow. They will look at the sample under a microscope and check for cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest imaging tests to look for tumors throughout your body. These may include: CT scan. It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body. PET scan. This test uses a bit of radioactive material to look for signs of cancer. Colonoscopy. In this procedure, your doctor looks at the inside of your colon by inserting a thin, lighted tube into your rectum. You're not awake for this test, so you don't feel any pain. The colon, also called the large intestine, is a common place for mantle cell lymphoma to spread. These tests not only help to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma, they also allow doctors to "stage" the cancer. Your doctor collects the cells from your blood.
Question: What are other causes of diarrhea from diabetes?
Answer: Linagliptin ( Tradjenta) Miglitol ( Glyset) Saxagliptin ( Onglyza) Sitagliptin ( Januvia) Eating a lot of sugar-free sweeteners -- like maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol -- can cause diarrhea. They're from a family of compounds called sugar alcohols. Because your body doesn't break them down and absorb them completely, they pull extra water into your intestines. If you have type 1 diabetes, you are at higher risk for having celiac disease. People with this disorder can't eat gluten (a protein found in grains like wheat, rye, and barley) because it damages the small intestine.
Question: What is Metformin?
Answer: Metformin is in medicines many people take for type 2 diabetes. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose. Those side effects usually go away in a few weeks.
Question: What can you do if you have diarrhea or constipation from diabetes?
Answer: He can help you figure out what's going on and how to treat it. You may be able to manage diarrhea and constipation by having smaller meals more often, eating fiber-rich foods, or taking medicine. Keeping your blood sugar at your target level may help lessen symptoms and stop nerve damage from getting worse.
Question: How can diabetes lead to diarrhea or constipation?
Answer: But over time, high blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels and nerves in your body, including your digestive system. A speed-up or slow-down of the process in your intestines could result in diarrhea or constipation. Diabetes medications, certain foods, and related illnesses can cause diarrhea, too.
Question: How does nerve damage from diabetes cause diarrhea?
Answer: Fluid that lingers in your small intestine too long can allow too much bacteria to grow. This could lead to bloating, belly pain, and diarrhea. Nerve damage in your large intestine may let fluids move through too fast, or cause problems with absorbing and releasing fluid. If that's the case, your poop could be more watery, and you'll need to go more often and urgently.
Question: How common is nerve damage with diabetes?
Answer: When diabetes damages the nerves going to your stomach and intestines, they may not be able to move food through normally. This causes constipation, but you can also get alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, especially at night. Nerve damage in your large intestine may let fluids move through too fast, or cause problems with absorbing and releasing fluid. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose.
Question: How does diabetes affect your digestive tract?
Answer: But over time, high blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels and nerves in your body, including your digestive system. Metformin is in medicines many people take for type 2 diabetes. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose.
Question: How does nerve damage from diabetes cause constipation?
Answer: When diabetes damages the nerves going to your stomach and intestines, they may not be able to move food through normally. Your colon absorbs more moisture from the waste, which makes your poop harder -- and harder to pass. Constipation that lasts a long time can cause other health problems, such as fecal impaction, a hard lump of poop that blocks your rectum so nothing can get out.
Question: How often should you get exams for breast lumps?
Answer: If you have a high risk for breast cancer, get a mammogram every year. You may start getting them at a younger age, too. You may also get ultrasound screenings, too. Breast MRI screening tests, in addition to mammogram, is sometimes used in certain women with a high risk of breast cancer. Talk with your doctor to decide what's best for you.
Question: How are benign breast conditions caused by fibroadenomas or intraductal papillomas treated?
Answer: Fibroadenomas can be surgically removed.