anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are other forms of diabetes?
Answer: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions. For example, diseases of the pancreas, certain surgeries and medications, or infections can cause diabetes. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.
Question: How can you treat type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into the fatty tissue below. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.
Question: How can you treat gestational diabetes?
Answer: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions.
Question: What lifestyle changes are required if you have type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Having type 1 diabetes does require significant lifestyle changes that include: Frequent testing of your blood sugar levels Careful meal planning Daily exercise Taking insulin and other medications as needed People with type 1 diabetes can lead long, active lives if they carefully monitor their glucose, make the needed lifestyle changes, and adhere to the treatment plan.
Question: What happens to your body if you have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.
Question: What is diabetes and what are the different types?
Answer: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.
Question: What is the result of diabetes?
Answer: Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. Because high blood sugar levels in a mother are circulated through the placenta to the baby, gestational diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby's growth and development.
Question: What medical risks are associated with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Many of them stem from damage to the tiny blood vessels in your eyes (called diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and kidneys (diabetic nephropathy). Even more serious is the increased risk of heart disease and stroke. With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother.
Question: What do all types of diabetes have in common?
Answer: In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.
Question: What are other names for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: It used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes, because it often begins in childhood. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Question: Who is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to work overly hard to produce more insulin. But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal.
Question: Does gestational diabetes lead to other types of diabetes after pregnancy?
Answer: Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to some degree, leads to insulin resistance). Having gestational diabetes does, however, put mothers at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Up to 10% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after delivery to months or years later.
Question: What do all types of diabetes mellitus have in common?
Answer: But either the amount made isn't enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells resist it. In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.
Question: What is diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.
Question: How does the body fight free radicals to prevent cancer?
Answer: Antioxidants work by bolstering the body's defenses against potentially dangerous substances called free radicals. However antioxidants, such as selenium and beta-carotene, may help reinforce this protection. However, in clinical trials, neither of these agents has been shown to reduce cancer development. Studies have shown that antioxidants are best taken as foods as opposed to supplements. Some examples of antioxidants are carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein. Foods that are good sources of antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and certain types of tea.
Question: What has been shown about changing the ingredients of vision supplements for eye health?
Answer: This study sought to see if adding other vitamins and mineral to the supplement would improve results of the AREDS. The first addition was omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil), and the second was a combination of two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are found in leafy green vegetables and highly colored fruits and vegetables. The research showed: Beta-carotene did not lower the risk of progression of AMD. Adding omega-3 to the AREDS formula did not lower the risk of progression of AMD. The AREDS formula was still found to be protective with less zinc added. People who took a formula with lutein and zeaxanthin (and who may not have been taking enough in their diet) showed further improvement with the new AREDS formula. In general, people who took lutein and zeaxanthin instead of beta-carotene had more of a benefit. This supplement regimen, however, was not shown to prevent the onset of AMD, slow its progression in early stages, or improve vision already lost. If you or someone you care about has AMD in one of the two categories listed, an eye doctor may recommend taking a vision supplement.
Question: What has been shown to contribute to chronic dry eye syndrome in vision supplements for healthy eyes?
Answer: In another example, studies have shown that deficiencies of antioxidants contribute to the development of chronic dry eye syndrome. Nutritional supplements containing the essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are available to help restore and maintain tear formation and eye lubrication. Again, check with your doctor first.
Question: What are good multivitamins and vitamin supplements to help my vision?
Answer: Lutein: None Calcium: 1000 mg- men and women : 1200 mg- women over 51 and men over 71 Thiamin: men - 1.2 mg, women - 1.1 mg. (1.4 mg if pregnant or nursing) Folic acid: Adult: 400 mcg Dietary Folate Equivalents (600 mcg DFE is pregnant, 500 mcg DFE if breat feeding) Omega-3 essential fatty acids (including flaxseed oil): None; but for cardiovascular benefits, the American Heart Association recommends approximately 1,000 mg daily.
Question: What can you do to protect your eye health and eyesight using vision supplements?
Answer: Important: Your doctor is your first resource for information about your health. Regardless of dosage, supplements are not a cure for health problems or a substitute for medication your doctor has recommended. Always check with your doctor before beginning to take any dietary supplement, including vision supplements.
Question: Should I pay attention to the labels when I buy food?
Answer: As with any prepared food you buy, read the labels on supplements to be sure you're getting what you want. Here are some tips: Be sure the product you buy is fresh: Check expiration dates. The bottle should be sealed for your protection. If it isn't, or if the seal is broken, don't buy it. Look for a reputable manufacturer as quality can vary widely. If you're prone to stomach upset, capsules may be a better choice than tablets, which are harder for your system to absorb. Avoid supplements containing fillers, ingredients used to bulk up products so they "look like more." These include wheat, corn, and dairy products, which could cause digestive or allergic problems for some people. If fish oil is listed as a source of omega-3 essential fatty acids, the label should state that it has been produced in a manner that eliminates contaminants, particularly mercury. The FDA does regulate dietary supplements, but treats them like food rather than medications; unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them. The FDA can get a supplement removed from the market, though. And supplement manufacturers must maintain certain standards (called GMP) that are similar to those for pharmaceutical makers.
Question: What are the grades of prostate cancer?
Answer: Grade 1. The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. Grades 2 to 4. Some cells do look like normal prostate cells, others do not. Patterns of cells in these grades vary. Grade 5. The cells appear abnormal and do not look like normal prostate cells. They appear to be scattered haphazardly throughout the prostate.
Question: What is grading in prostate cancer?
Answer: The grade refers to the cancer's appearance and indicates how quickly a cancer is growing. Most pathologists assign a grade from 1 to 5 based on how the cancerous cells look compared to normal prostate cells. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered.
Question: What do other test results in prostate cancer mean?
Answer: The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. These results are often reported as "suspicious" and fall into one of two categories, either atypical or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN). PIN is often further divided into low grade and high grade. The significance of low-grade PIN in relation to prostate cancer remains unclear. Many men have it when they are young and never develop prostate cancer. Biopsy results that fall into either atypical or high-grade PIN are suspicious for the presence of prostate cancer in another portion of the gland. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered. For this reason, repeat biopsies are generally recommended.
Question: If you have diverticulitis, when should you call your doctor?
Answer: The symptoms of diverticulitis are: Severe abdominal pain and cramping that is usually worse on the left side and increases when the area is touched Nausea Chills or fever Bloating Constipation, thin stools, or diarrhea Rectal bleeding (rare) You have a fever, chills, abdominal swelling, or are vomiting. You have blood in your stool. Your abdomen becomes rigid and you experience pain when you move; you could have peritonitis, an infection of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. If you continue to have severe pain, despite treatment, you may need further evaluation. Call your doctor.
Question: How can I treat insect stings or bites?
Answer: To treat insect stings or bites: For a severe allergic reaction, use an epinephrine shot if you have it, and call 911 immediately. Always carry two doses with you if you're at risk for a severe allergic reaction. For mild reactions, apply ice to the bite area to ease the swelling. If you got stung, remove the stinger. Try a pain reliever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Use a topical cream like hydrocortisone to ease pain and itching. Calamine creams also help. Use oral antihistamines for itching.
Question: How are summer allergies diagnosed?
Answer: They're pretty much the same as those that troubled you in the spring: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under your eyes Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and allergy history. He may suggest treatments. Or he might refer you to doctor who specializes in treating allergies for a skin test. This allergist will expose a small spot on your arm or back to a tiny sample of allergen. If you react, a small red bump will form. A blood test can also diagnose allergies.
Question: How can I avoid my summer allergy triggers?
Answer: Stay inside when the pollen count and smog levels are high. Keep your doors and windows closed. Run your air conditioner to keep allergens out. Use an air purifier. Clean air filters in your home often. Also clean bookshelves, vents, and other places where pollen collects. Wash bedding and rugs in hot water to get rid of dust mites and other allergens. Wash your hair, shower, and change your clothes after you go outside. Vacuum often and wear a mask. The process can kick up pollen, mold, and dust trapped in your carpet. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. Wear a mask when you mow your lawn to avoid grass pollen.
Question: What type of grass can trigger summer allergies?
Answer: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers. It can travel for hundreds of miles on the wind. So even if it doesn't grow where you live, it can make you feel bad if you're allergic to it.
Question: What type of weeds can trigger summer allergies?
Answer: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers.
Question: Can you prevent breast cancer?
Answer: While there is no definitive way to prevent breast cancer, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk: Maintain a healthy weight. Be physically active and get at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise five or more days per week. Eat a healthy diet with at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily; limit the amount of processed meat and red meat eaten. Women should drink no more than one alcoholic beverage daily (men should drink no more than two alcoholic beverages daily).
Question: Does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increase the risk of breast cancer?
Answer: Other risk factors include: Having cancer in one breast (may recur or develop in other) Having a history of ovarian, uterine, or colon cancer Having a genetic abnormality such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation Late menopause (after age 55) Starting menstruation early in life (before age 12) Having a first child after age 30 Never having children Being overweight or obese after menopause Evidence suggests that the longer a woman is exposed to female hormones (either made by the body, taken as a drug, or delivered by a patch), the more likely she is to develop breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy may be given to postmenopausal women who have menopausal symptoms. The longer a woman is on HRT with a combination of estrogen and progestin, the greater her chances may be of being diagnosed with breast cancer. It is unclear if HRT with estrogen alone, which is sometimes prescribed for women who have had a hysterectomy, increases the risk of breast cancer.
Question: What are the the risk factors associated with breast cancer?
Answer: Certain factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer. However, having many risk factors does not mean a woman will develop breast cancer, and having no risk factors does not mean she will not develop the disease. Age is the single-most important risk factor for breast cancer. The chances of developing the disease increase with age. About 95% of women diagnosed with breast cancer each year are over age 40, and about half are age 61 and older. Personal risk is also greater if an immediate family member (mother, sister, or daughter) has had breast cancer, particularly if it was at an early age. Also, women who have had a breast biopsy (removal of breast tissue) that shows certain types of benign disease, such as atypical hyperplasia, are more likely to get breast cancer.
Question: What are some other risk factors for breast cancer?
Answer: Other risk factors include: Having cancer in one breast (may recur or develop in other) Having a history of ovarian, uterine, or colon cancer Having a genetic abnormality such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation Late menopause (after age 55) Starting menstruation early in life (before age 12) Having a first child after age 30 Never having children Being overweight or obese after menopause Evidence suggests that the longer a woman is exposed to female hormones (either made by the body, taken as a drug, or delivered by a patch), the more likely she is to develop breast cancer.
Question: What is the link between menopause and breast cancer?
Answer: However, the rates of many cancers, including breast cancer, do increase with age. In addition, some of the drugs used to manage menopausal symptoms may increase or decrease a person's cancer risk. Certain factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
Question: How often should you get a breast exam?
Answer: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG) recommends that women in their 20s and 30s have a health care provider perform a breast exam every one to three years and then every year once they turn 40. The ACS states that research has not shown a clear benefit of performing regular breast self-exams. Women who choose to perform breast self-exams should have their technique reviewed during an exam by a healthcare provider. Any change in their breasts noted on breast self-exams should be reported promptly to a doctor. Women who are considered to have an increased risk for breast cancer may benefit from getting a yearly MRI of their breasts along with their yearly mammogram. Three-dimensional mammography may also be an option for some women. To find out if you are at increased risk for breast cancer, consult your doctor.
Question: How is breast cancer detected and diagnosed?
Answer: The chances of developing the disease increase with age. Many breast cancer experts, including the American Cancer Society, recommend beginning routine screening for breast cancer with a mammogram at age 45. Others suggest waiting till age 50. Your doctor may recommend starting earlier than age 45, depending on your individual risk factors. The purpose of a mammogram is to find abnormalities that are too small to be seen or felt. However, mammograms will not detect all breast cancers, which is why physical breast exams are very important.
Question: How can dopaminergic agents help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
Answer: Dopaminergic agents: These drugs increased the levels of an important neurotransmitter (brain chemical) called dopamine, which is important in regulating muscle movements. These medications seem to improve the condition in some people but not in others. Widely used examples are a levodopa/carbidopa combination ( Sinemet) and pergolide ( Permax).
Question: How can gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
Answer: GABA agonists: These agents inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters that stimulate muscle contractions. The result is relaxation of contractions. The most widely used of these agents in PLMD is baclofen ( Lioresal).
Question: How can you tell if you have fatty acid imbalance relative to breast pain?
Answer: These acids are found in vegetable and animals oils. If there's an imbalance of them in your cells, your breasts can be more sensitive to hormones. To reduce your symptoms, try cutting down the fat in your diet. Your doctor might also recommend a diet high in complex carbs. Some doctors think taking evening primrose oil helps correct fatty acid imbalances, too.
Question: How can you tell if you have extramammary breast pain?
Answer: Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts. But it's actually radiating from somewhere else, often the chest wall. Usually, the pain gets better with rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory meds ( NSAIDs), and sometimes cortisone injections. If you strain your pectoralis major muscle (that's located beneath and around your breasts) it also can feel like your breasts are the source of the pain. This can result from activities like lifting, raking, and shoveling.
Question: What are the signs of cyclical breast pain?
Answer: Your breast pain is likely cyclical -- meaning it's linked to your reproductive cycle -- if you have some of these signs: The pain feels achy and heavy Your breasts swell or seem lumpy Both breasts are affected, mainly the upper and outer areas. Sometimes, the pain can radiate to your armpits Symptoms get worse during the 2 weeks before your period, then improve afterward You're in your childbearing years (around your 20s and 30s), or you're approaching menopause To help ease cyclical breast pain, your doctor might recommend you take oral contraceptives, or she may tweak the dosage you already take. She might also suggest you cut back on caffeine, or try over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium.
Question: How can you tell if you have noncyclical breast pain?
Answer: Breast pain also can be triggered by reasons other than hormones. Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts.
Question: Why do my breasts hurt?
Answer: It can be troubling, too -- it's very common to wonder if what you're feeling might be a sign of breast cancer. Doctors call breast pain âmastalgia.â It's important to track the cause of it. But know that pain in either or both of your breasts in itself isn't a sign of breast cancer. Breast tenderness and other discomfort can happen for lots of different reasons. Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts.