anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the pros and cons of using stevia as a sugar substitute?
Answer: What It Is: This natural, no-calorie sweetener, made from a South American plant, has been around for centuries. It's now in sodas and sports drinks, as well as tabletop packets (usually green), liquid drops, dissolvable tablets, and spoonable products, as well as baking blends. The Scoop: Highly purified stevia extracts, which are what you find on the market, are generally recognized as safe. Some people find that stevia can have a metallic aftertaste. Whole-leaf stevia or crude stevia extracts aren't FDA-approved.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose skin cancer?
Answer: Ifmelanomais diagnosed, other tests may be ordered to assess the degree of cancer spread (metastasis). They include: Imaging. Your doctor will order one or more tests to look for metastasis. They include CT scan, MRI, PET scan, bone scan, and chest X-ray. Other biopsies. Using a variety of techniques, your doctor may want to get tissue samples from lymph nodes. Skin growths that are most likely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or other forms of non-melanoma can be biopsied in various ways. Part or all of the growth can be taken with a scalpel for examination under a microscope.
Question: Can you get skin cancer again?
Answer: Anyone who has been treated for skin cancer of any kind should have a checkup at least twice a year. About 20% of skin cancer patients experience recurrence or a second separate tumor, often within the first two years after diagnosis.
Question: What procedures do doctors use to treat skin cancer?
Answer: In rare cases where basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma has begun to spread beyond the local skin site, the primary tumors are first removed surgically. Then patients may be treated with radiation, immunotherapy in the form of interferon, and rarely, chemotherapy. However, responses to this therapy are infrequent and short-lived. Rare patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma respond well to a combination of retinoic acid (a derivative of vitamin A) and interferon (a type of disease-fighting protein produced in labs for cancer immunotherapy). Retinoic acid may inhibit cancer recurrence in patients who have had tumors removed, but there is a lack of evidence to support either of these treatments. Vismodegib ( Erivedge) may be used to treat the rare cases of locally advanced, or metastatic, basal cell carcinoma and has been shown to shrink these tumors. Sonidegib ( Odomzo) can be used to treat patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma who are not candidates for surgery or radiation. It may also be used if the skin cancer returns after surgery or radiation.
Question: What diets can help treat skin cancer?
Answer: Skin experts know that the mineral zinc and the antioxidant vitamins A (beta-carotene), C, and E can help repair damaged body tissue and promote healthy skin. Now, researchers are trying to determine whether these and other nutrients might protect skin from the harmful effects of sunlight. To test the theory, selected skin cancer patients are given experimental supplements of these vitamins in the hope of preventing cancer recurrence. Thus far, no nutrient has been found to be protective against skin cancer.
Question: How do doctors treat melanoma tumors?
Answer: In rare cases where basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma has begun to spread beyond the local skin site, the primary tumors are first removed surgically. The surgeon removes the tumor fully, along with a safe margin of surrounding tissue and possibly nearby lymph nodes. Neither radiation nor chemotherapy will cure advanced melanoma, but either treatment may slow the disease and relieve symptoms. Chemotherapy, sometimes in combination with immunotherapy -- such as interferon, interleukin-2 -- is generally preferred. If melanoma spreads to the brain, radiation is used to slow the growth and control symptoms. Proton therapy may be used, as well.
Question: What is aerobic exercise and how does it affect diabetes?
Answer: Aerobic exercise: Any rhythmic physical activity that uses large muscle groups and causes the heart and lungs to work harder than when your body is at rest. Also called cardio exercise, it's been proven to lower blood sugar levels.
Question: How is overweight defined?
Answer: Overweight: Refers to someone with a BMI of between 25 and 29.9, who is carrying excess body fat. Someone who is overweight has an increased risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes.
Question: How is obesity defined?
Answer: Obese: Refers to someone with a BMI of 30 or higher, who is carrying a large amount of excess body fat. Too much body fat may cause or worsen health problems, including type 2 diabetes.
Question: What is a meal plan?
Answer: Meal plan (meal planning): Any strategy used to map out what you're going to eat. This term may refer to following a specific diet, or it may just indicate the process of thinking through what you plan to eat beforehand.
Question: What are whole grains and how do they affect people with diabetes?
Answer: Whole grains: Grains that have the entire grain kernel, including the nutrient-rich bran and germ. Refined grains (such as white bread), on the other hand, have had the bran and germ removed and contain only the starchy endosperm. Whole grains have more fiber than refined ones, so they're digested more slowly and won't cause your blood sugar to rise as fast.
Question: What is strength training and how does it affect diabetes?
Answer: Strength training: Physical activity designed to build muscle strength or muscle mass. Some examples include lifting free weights, working with weight machines, and exercising with resistance bands. Also called resistance exercise, it can help make your body use insulin more effectively.
Question: What are carbohydrates (carbs)?
Answer: Carbohydrates (carbs): A primary source of food your body uses for energy. These include simple carbohydrates (such as honey, table sugar, and high-fructose corn syrup), as well as complex carbohydrates. Complex carbs include starches (such as bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes) and dietary fiber (found in fruits and vegetables, nuts, and whole grains).
Question: What is sodium and what role does it play in diabetes?
Answer: Sodium: A mineral found in salt. Getting too much -- as most Americans do -- can raise your blood pressure, and, in turn, raise your risk of heart attack and stroke. Since these problems are often tied to diabetes, it's important to watch your intake. Processed foods tend to be very high in sodium.
Question: What is blood sugar and what is its role in diabetes?
Answer: Blood sugar: Also called blood glucose, this is the sugar that's in your bloodstream. People withtype 2 diabeteshave too much blood sugar because insulin levels or actions aren't working well.
Question: What is fiber as it pertains to diabetes?
Answer: Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. It can't be broken down into sugar. You'll find it in fruit, vegetables, beans, whole grains, and nuts. High-fiber foods tend to be bulky and require extra chewing, so they may boost your weight loss efforts by helping you feel fuller longer. Fiber plays an important role in the digestive process, and getting enough may also help improve your blood sugar levels.
Question: What is carbohydrate counting?
Answer: Carbohydrate counting: A meal-planning technique used by some people with diabetes. It involves tracking the grams of carbs in food to ensure that you don't eat more than a predetermined amount at a given meal. You can count each serving of carbohydrates, since each serving of carbs is 15 grams. If you choose this strategy, your doctor or diabetes educator will tell you how many total carbs to aim for in each meal or the total daily amount.
Question: What is protein and what is its role in diabetes?
Answer: Protein: A substance made up of amino acids that your body needs to function. You'll find protein in meat, poultry, fish, legumes, tofu, eggs, nuts, seeds, and dairy products. Meats don't contain carbohydrates, so they won't raise your blood sugar.
Question: What is fat as it pertains to diabetes?
Answer: Fat: A nutrient you need for energy and other bodily functions. Although some fat is necessary, it's important not to overdo it. Try to pick healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) over unhealthy ones (saturated and trans) as often as possible.
Question: What is metabolism?
Answer: Metabolism: The process of converting food into the energy that allows your body to function. People who have a fast metabolism (metabolic rate) use up calories more quickly than those with slower metabolisms. One way you can increase your metabolism is by exercising.
Question: What is a dietitian?
Answer: Dietitian: Also called a nutritionist, this is an expert who is trained in the science of nutrition and advises others about healthy eating. Some nutritionists are registered dietitians ( RD or RDN); this credential means that someone has completed a higher level of training and passed a registration exam.
Question: What are sugar alcohols and are they okay for people with diabetes?
Answer: Sugar alcohols: A type of low-calorie sweetener that's often used in "diet" and "sugar-free" foods. These usually end in "-ol." Examples include erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol. Foods containing these sweeteners may still have carbs and can increase blood sugar, so be sure to check the nutrition label. Sugar alcohols may cause stomach upset in some people.
Question: What is a starch and what is its role in diabetes?
Answer: Starch: A type of carbohydrate found in grains, as well as in starchy vegetables such as peas, corn, beans, and potatoes. Just like sugar (another type of carbohydrate), starch can raise your blood sugar; so it's important to pay attention to how much you're eating.
Question: What are glucose tablets?
Answer: Glucose tablets: Chewable sugar used by people with diabetes to raise their blood sugar quickly when it drops dangerously low (hypoglycemia). These products come in a variety of flavors and forms such as gels, liquids, and powders, as well. If you take a medication that makes you prone to this problem, your doctor may tell you to carry glucose tablets with you -- especially during exercise.
Question: What is chordee?
Answer: In chordee, the penis usually curves downward. The urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias). Surgery can usually correct chordee.
Question: What causes chordee?
Answer: During development in the womb, more elastic tissue may develop on the top half of the penis than on the bottom half. This can cause the penis to curve during erections. Other developmental problems that can lead to chordee include: Skin tethering, usually on the underside of the penis, making a straight erection impossible Abnormal development of scar tissue in or around the urethra (urinary tube) Often in chordee, the urinary opening also does not develop properly. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias).
Question: What happens to the urinary tract of a person with chordee?
Answer: Other developmental problems that can lead to chordee include: Skin tethering, usually on the underside of the penis, making a straight erection impossible Abnormal development of scar tissue in or around the urethra (urinary tube) Often in chordee, the urinary opening also does not develop properly. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias).
Question: How is hypospadias, in relation to chordee, treated?
Answer: If hypospadias is present, additional techniques are used during surgery to try to bring the urethral opening to its proper place at the tip of the penis. In infant boys, correction of hypospadias is usually a routine part of surgery to repair chordee. In adult men, correction of severe hypospadias can be difficult, and may require multiple surgeries.
Question: How is surgery for chordee done?
Answer: It can be done as outpatient surgery. After the surgery, a dressing will be wrapped around the penis to decrease swelling. The surgeon may ask that the child use a catheter instead of urinating for the first seven days after surgery.
Question: What are other forms of chordee?
Answer: Some doctors may use the term chordee for any downward curvature of the penis, including those not due to a problem with development. Most often, these forms of chordee occur in adulthood after surgery to correct some other problem with the penis.
Question: How can surgery help with treating chordee?
Answer: Surgery is the only effective treatment for chordee. The ideal time for chordee repair is before age 2. If chordee is detected prior to this time, surgery can usually repair chordee (and hypospadias, if present). If chordee is not diagnosed until adulthood, surgery can still be an effective treatment. Some men or older boys may require additional surgery to achieve a final repair of chordee.
Question: What are some household cleaning shortcuts?
Answer: For super speedy cleanups, try these shortcuts: Keep cleaning products together in a pail or basket so they're ready when you are and can be carried from room to room. While a disinfectant is sitting, tackle another chore. Use a plastic can liner to help control trash spills and leaking and to cut down on wastebasket and garbage can cleaning. To keep spills in the refrigerator and on floors from turning into bigger messes, clean and sanitize them as they happen.
Question: What will my doctor do if I have paronychia?
Answer: If you seek medical help: The doctor may sample pus or fluid and prescribe an oral antibiotic. In chronic cases of paronychia, your doctor may prescribe an anti-fungal topical. If a pus-filled abscess pocket develops, a doctor may need to drain it.
Question: What are the different types of ejaculation disorders?
Answer: There are different types of ejaculation disorders in men, including: Premature ejaculation: This refers to ejaculation that occurs before or soon after penetration. Inhibited or retarded ejaculation: This is when ejaculation is slow to occur. Retrograde ejaculation: This occurs when, at orgasm, the ejaculate is forced back into the bladder rather than through the urethra and out the end of the penis.
Question: How are male sexual problems diagnosed?
Answer: To diagnose a man's sexual problem, the doctor likely will begin with a thorough history of symptoms and a physical exam. He or she may order other tests to rule out any medical problems that may be contributing to the dysfunction. The doctor may refer you to other health professionals, including a urologist (a doctor specializing in the urinary tract and male reproductive system), sex therapist, and other counselors.
Question: What causes low sexual desire?
Answer: Reduced libido can result from physical or psychological factors. It has been associated with low levels of the hormone testosterone. It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties.
Question: Who has sexual dysfunction?
Answer: Both men and women are affected by sexual problems.
Question: What is erectile dysfunction?
Answer: Also known as impotence, erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to attain and/or maintain an erection suitable for intercourse. Causes of erectile dysfunction include diseases affecting blood flow, such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries); nerve disorders; psychological factors, such as stress, depression, and performance anxiety (nervousness over his ability to sexually perform); and injury to the penis. Chronic illness, certain drugs, and a condition called Peyronie's disease (scar tissue in the penis) also can cause erectile dysfunction.
Question: How can diabetes affect sexual performance for men?
Answer: Retrograde ejaculation is common in males with diabetes who suffer from diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage). This is due to problems with the nerves in the bladder and the bladder neck that allow the ejaculate to flow backward.
Question: What are the most common sexual problems for men?
Answer: The most common sexual problems in men are ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, and inhibited sexual desire.
Question: What can cause sexual dysfunction in men?
Answer: These conditions include diabetes, heart and vascular (blood vessel) disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, the side effects of certain medications, including some antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual desire and function. Psychological causes: These include work-related stress and anxiety, concern about sexual performance, marital or relationship problems, depression, feelings of guilt, and the effects of a past sexual trauma.
Question: How common is sexual dysfunction?
Answer: Both men and women are affected by sexual problems.
Question: When should I call my doctor about sexual dysfunction?
Answer: Many men experience a problem with sexual function from time to time. However, when the problems are persistent, they can cause distress for the man and his partner and have a negative impact on their relationship. If you consistently experience sexual function problems, see your doctor for evaluation and treatment.
Question: What is sexual dysfunction?
Answer: A sexual problem, or sexual dysfunction, refers to a problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents the man or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the activity.
Question: How are male sexual problems treated?
Answer: Many cases of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems. Medications: Medications, such as Cialis, Levitra, Staxyn, Stendra, or Viagra may help improve erectile function in men by increasing blood flow to the penis. Promescent is a drug used to treat premature ejaculation. Hormones: Men with low levelsof testosterone may benefit from testosterone replacement therapy. Mechanical aids: Aids such as vacuum devices and penile implants may help men with erectile dysfunction. Education and communication: Education about sex and sexual behaviors and responses may help a man overcome his anxieties about sexual performance.
Question: Can I prevent sexual dysfunction?
Answer: It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties. Increase communication with your partner. If you consistently experience sexual function problems, see your doctor for evaluation and treatment.
Question: Can psychological factors cause sexual problems for men?
Answer: Premature ejaculation, the most common form of sexual dysfunction in men, often is due to nervousness over how well he will perform during sex. It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties.
Question: How can you treat a brown recluse spider bite?
Answer: If you suspect your small child was bitten by a brown recluse, see your doctor right away. Their bodies can't ward off the dangerous effects of the spider's venom. For adults, most brown recluse spider bites can be treated at home with good results. But about 10% of them cause ulcers or blisters that damage your skin so badly that you need a doctor's care.
Question: What are the symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite?
Answer: A bite might not hurt at first or even leave a mark. For some people, it feels like a pinch or a bee sting. Within the first day or two after you've been bitten, you may notice: Pain or redness at the site of the bite A deep sore (ulcer) that forms where you were bitten, with the skin at the center turning purple Fever Chills Nausea Joint pain Feeling weak Seizures or coma (very rare) Your doctor will want to be as certain as he can that you were, in fact, bitten by a spider.
Question: What are home remedies for a brown recluse spider bite?
Answer: If your symptoms are mild, try these simple home remedies: Clean it with soap and water. Apply antibiotic cream. If you were bitten on an arm or leg, keep it raised while you're resting. This can reduce swelling. Put ice on it. Take over-the-counter pain medicine. Watch for more severe symptoms.
Question: What should you know about brown recluse spiders?
Answer: They tend to live in indoor and outdoor spaces where people don't go most of the time. If you do find yourself in the same place as one, though, it won't want to attack you -- it'll want to get out of your way. But if it feels trapped, it may bite you. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Brown recluse spiders are one of two spiders found in the United States that can cause real trouble if they bite you. They produce harmful venom that may cause a painful sore at the site of the bite. It may cause even more severe symptoms in some people. If you have a run-in with a brown recluse, it's wise to have a doctor check you out, just in case. Some people try to catch the bug to show the doctor.
Question: Does sleep help if you have summertime depression?
Answer: Vacations, summer barbecues, the short nights â they can all encourage you to stay up later than usual. But not getting enough sleep is a common trigger for depression. So make a concerted effort to get to bed on time.
Question: How does exercise help if you have summer depression?
Answer: Many studies have found that regular physical activity can help keep depression at bay. Start earlier in the morning or later in the evening, when it's not so hot. If an annual membership to a gym is too expensive, consider joining one for a couple of months just to get you through the summer. Or will it stretch your finances, stress you out, and make you fall behind at work? You keep asking yourself, â What's wrong with me?â Try not to think that way.
Question: Why should I not overdo dieting and fitness when I have summer depression?
Answer: Especially hard is that you feel like you're supposed to be having a great time. You may rely on unhealthy takeout because it's just too stifling to cook. Instead, exercise sensibly and eat moderately.
Question: How should I plan my summer vacation if I have summer depression?
Answer: â People are feeling more financially strapped. Before you book your plane tickets or load up your car's roof rack for your annual summer vacation, ask yourself this: Is this what you really want? Instead of taking a whole week off at once, might it be better to take off several long weekends spread out through the summer? Would taking time off but staying at home â a âstaycationâ â be more relaxing? Don't get locked into a vacation that won't feel like a vacation.
Question: How should I get help if I have summer depression?
Answer: Get help. Talk to a therapist, like a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker. Or see your general medical doctor or a psychiatrist who can evaluate whether medicines for depression might be appropriate. Never take the signs of depression lightly. Don't wait them out, assuming they'll resolve. Sometimes, what started as summer depression can turn into a longer-lasting bout of major depression, Cook tells Web MD.
Question: When might my doctor need to adjust my medicine for summer depression?
Answer: Start earlier in the morning or later in the evening, when it's not so hot. Talk to your doctor about adjusting your medication. If you're on medicine for depression, and you find that summer â year after year â makes your depression worse, talk to your doctor about changing your dosage.