anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What other eye conditions can lead to vision problems?
Answer: Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are disorders of the functional eye and its processing units. There are other eye conditions that respond in varying degrees to medical and surgical treatment. The most common of these eye problems include: Cataracts Conjunctivitis, or pink eye Glaucoma Crossed or out-turned eyes (strabismus) Lazy eye (amblyopia) Macular degeneration The lens of the human eye focuses light so that you can see objects clearly at various distances. Not every case of strabismus develops amblyopia, and not all cases of amblyopia are due to strabismus.
Question: What are vision problems?
Answer: The most common forms of vision impairment are errors of refraction -- the way light rays are focused inside the eye so images can be transmitted to the brain. Nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are examples of refractive disorders and often occur when the eyes are otherwise healthy. Refractive errors are correctable usually with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, such as LASIK. Other vision problems may be related to eye disease. Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are disorders of the functional eye and its processing units. These problems can lead to blurry or defective vision. The goals of treatment depend on the eye disease and may include restoring vision, halting vision loss, and preserving remaining eyesight. Any problems that are identified need to be addressed in order to preserve good eyesight in both eyes.
Question: What causes amblyopia (lazy eye)?
Answer: Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7. As long as the underlying eye problem remains untreated, the vision in the weaker eye does not develop fully. Lazy eye can also result from other eye problems, such as: Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid). A significant refractive error in one eye.
Question: How do I know if I have acute closed-angle glaucoma?
Answer: Closed-angle glaucoma can be either chronic and acute. If you have sudden, severe pain in your eyes, blurred vision, or rainbow halos -- along with headache, nausea, or vomiting.
Question: What is chronic open-angle glaucoma?
Answer: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have to do with the way the eye brings images into focus on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of delicate nerve tissue make up the retina. Types of glaucoma include the following: Chronic open-angle glaucoma ( COAG), which accounts for 90% of all cases in the U. S., usually appears in middle age and seems to have a genetic component. Most COAG patients have no symptoms whatsoever and can experience profound loss of visual function before it is identified. Regular eye checkups usually include measuring eye pressure and other tests in order to identify glaucoma. Unfortunately, half of all Americans with high eye pressure are unaware of the problem.
Question: Who can get macular degeneration?
Answer: More than 2 million adult Americans suffer from glaucoma, making it one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Because the symptoms usually do not appear in people under 55 years of age, the disorder is more accurately referred to as age-related macular degeneration ( AMD).
Question: What could happen if the retina is detached?
Answer: If the retina is not reattached to the eye wall promptly, retinal cells starve and permanent blindness can result. Risk factors for retinal detachment include the following: Moderate or extreme nearsightedness Previous eye surgery or injury Previous retinal detachment Inherited thinness of retinal tissue Color blindness is most commonly a disorder of the retina's light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, which respond to different colored light rays. Although infectious conjunctivitis can be highly contagious, it is rarely serious and will not usually harm vision permanently if detected and treated promptly.
Question: What is opthalmia neonatorum?
Answer: It must be treated immediately by a doctor to prevent permanent eye damage or blindness. These infants may have infections elsewhere, such as in the lungs. Congenital glaucoma is a rare problem in babies and requires surgery to preserve eyesight.
Question: What happens if amblyopia is not treated?
Answer: Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7. As long as the underlying eye problem remains untreated, the vision in the weaker eye does not develop fully.
Question: What is retinal detachment?
Answer: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have to do with the way the eye brings images into focus on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of delicate nerve tissue make up the retina. Unlike wallpaper, however, there is no glue. Small holes can develop in areas where the retina is exceptionally thin or damaged. If that happens, the clear liquid vitreous that fills the eye can seep behind the retina and cause the wallpaper to come off. This is retinal detachment. Color vision works much the same way because visible light is a mixture of different light rays (wavelengths).
Question: How can triptans help with menstrual migraines?
Answer: Your doctor can prescribe these drugs to treat a migraine once it's started, but they also prevent menstrual migraine headaches. You start them 2 days before you usually get a migraine and keep taking them for 6 to 7 days total. Triptans can cause side effects like nausea, dizziness, a stuffy nose, and cramps. They might also lead to rebound headaches -- new or more severe headaches that happen when you overuse medication.
Question: What should you write in your diary about menstrual migraine attacks?
Answer: Write down in your diary: When your symptoms begin -- the number of days before or into your period How often you get migraine How long they last What they feel like (throbbing, aching, etc.) What other symptoms you have Share your diary with your doctor. This symptom record will help you get the right diagnosis and treatment.
Question: How can a diary help to prevent migraines during your period?
Answer: Watch for patterns. You'll start to notice whether your headaches are tied to your menstrual cycle and if they start before, during, or after your periods. If you know ahead of time when they're likely to start, you can take steps to prevent them. Write down in your diary: When your symptoms begin -- the number of days before or into your period How often you get migraine How long they last What they feel like (throbbing, aching, etc.) What other symptoms you have Share your diary with your doctor. This symptom record will help you get the right diagnosis and treatment.
Question: How can magnesium help prevent menstrual migraine attacks?
Answer: Some research has linked the onset of a migraine to low levels of this mineral. To help prevent a menstrual migraine from occurring, start taking magnesium on the 15th day of your cycle. Keep taking it until you get your period.
Question: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent menstrual migraine attacks?
Answer: Pain relievers such as ibuprofen and naproxen prevent menstrual migraines or make them less severe. You typically take them twice a day starting 2 to 3 days before your period begins, and then for another 3 to 5 days after it arrives.
Question: How can estrogen pills, gel, or patch prevent menstrual migraine attacks?
Answer: A menstrual migraine can strike around the start of your period. You can prevent them by taking a steady dose of estrogen throughout your menstrual cycle. If you have migraine with aura, talk to your doctor before you start taking estrogen -- it may raise your odds for a stroke.
Question: How can magnesium help with menstrual migraines?
Answer: Some of the medicines that relieve the pain of regular migraine symptoms don't work on menstrual migraine. You can prevent them by taking a steady dose of estrogen throughout your menstrual cycle. You start them 2 days before you usually get a migraine and keep taking them for 6 to 7 days total.
Question: How can you prevent migraines during your period?
Answer: Some of the medicines that relieve the pain of regular migraine symptoms don't work on menstrual migraine. You can try a few different approaches to preventing your menstrual migraine. Work with your doctor to figure out which one is best for you. Talk to your doctor about whether these medications might help you stop your headaches before they start. You typically take them twice a day starting 2 to 3 days before your period begins, and then for another 3 to 5 days after it arrives. Your doctor can prescribe these drugs to treat a migraine once it's started, but they also prevent menstrual migraine headaches. Some research has linked the onset of a migraine to low levels of this mineral.
Question: What medications can you use to prevent menstrual migraines?
Answer: Talk to your doctor about whether these medications might help you stop your headaches before they start. Triptans.
Question: What drugs can prevent menstrual migraine headaches?
Answer: Take estrogen during the days when you'd normally skip pills or take inactive ones. If your periods don't come on schedule or you also get migraine headaches at other times in your menstrual cycle, you can take preventive medicine every day. Drugs that prevent migraine headaches include: Some types of antidepressants Some types of antiseizure medicines Blood pressure medicines such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers CGRP inhibitors, these are a new class of preventive medicine Devices which may be used for treatment or prevention include:.
Question: How intense is indoor cycling?
Answer: Indoor cycling is intense. Your heart rate will soar and stay elevated for 45-60 minutes. There will be brief moments of slower pedaling, but most of the class will be steady work.
Question: What can I expect in an indoor cycling class?
Answer: The instructor chooses music to go along with each phase of the class. She may play an upbeat song for 5 minutes as you pedal as fast as you can. Then she may play a slower tune while you catch your breath and pedal slowly. You may bike for 5 minutes with a lot of resistance, to mimic riding up a major hill, with a song to match the mood. Some instructors use imagery to keep you going. You'll imagine yourself pedaling fast through a desert straightaway, or steadily up a green mountain on a Caribbean island.
Question: What are indoor cycling classes?
Answer: Many gyms offer indoor cycling classes. Or you can join one of the popular cycling boutiques, like Flywheel, which combines indoor cycling with a weighted workout for your arms, or Soul Cycle, which adds mind-body exercise to its bike routine. By the end of the workout, you may feel like you've been through a real adventure. Legs: Yes. All that pedaling will boost your muscle strength and endurance.
Question: How can I get the most out of an indoor cycling class?
Answer: Plan to do 3-5 classes a week for best results. Sometimes you'll get off the saddle and pedal in a standing position. There's a bike for each person in the class. They usually face the same direction, either toward the instructor or a mirror. Your heart rate will soar and stay elevated for 45-60 minutes. There will be brief moments of slower pedaling, but most of the class will be steady work. Cost: Plan to pay for a gym membership or class fees.
Question: What are more serious cases of food poisoning?
Answer: Some bacteria cause fewer cases of food poisoning but can make you very sick. They can even cause death. They include: E. coli. This is the name of a type of bacteria found in the intestines of animals. You can get this from undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, sprouts, or any food or liquid that has had contact with animal feces or sewage. Some strains are harmless. Others can make you very sick. Listeria is an unusual bacterium that can grow in cold temperatures such as in the refrigerator. It's found in smoked fish, raw (unpasteurized) cheeses, ice cream, pates, hot dogs, and deli meats. Pregnant women and others with weakened immune systems, can feel sick from milder infections from listeria within a day. Other people with a more serious listeria infection called listeriosis may not show symptoms for a week or even a couple of months. In addition to diarrhea and vomiting, listeria can cause unusual symptoms, including weakness, confusion, and a stiff neck. It can also be deadly. If you have a stiff neck with a fever, you may need antibiotics.
Question: What should you know about food poisoning?
Answer: An estimated 48 million Americans, that's 1 out of every 6, come down with food poisoning every year. Most get better on their own without medical treatment. You may have symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within hours of eating. But sometimes the symptoms can take days or more than a week to show up. That can make it hard to know if it's food poisoning or something else. The delay also makes it tricky to trace the illness back to the specific food or drink. The same food can affect people differently. Some may feel unwell after just a few bites. Others can eat a lot and have no reaction at all. Food poisoning is both more common and riskier for people with weakened immune systems, infants and young children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Food poisoning can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Question: How does salmonella cause food poisoning?
Answer: Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. They grow in undercooked eggs and meat. But you can also get salmonella from unpasteurized milk or cheese. Some fruits and vegetables, such as melons or sprouts, can also cause it. Symptoms start within 1-3 days and can last up to a week.
Question: How does clostridium perfringens cause food poisoning?
Answer: Foods made in bulk are problematic, too. You may have cramps and diarrhea but no other symptoms. You get sick within 6-24 hours and are usually feeling better in a couple of days. You can get this from undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, sprouts, or any food or liquid that has had contact with animal feces or sewage.
Question: What is a hydrofluoroalkane inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: The HFA consists of a pressurized canister inside a plastic case, with a mouthpiece attached. With an HFA, you press on the device while inhaling the COPD medication directly into your lungs. Its portability makes it easy to use anywhere,anytime. HFAs use a chemical propellant to push medication out of the inhaler. Some medications can be taken in the form of a dry powder, using a dry powder inhaler, which is also a handheld device.
Question: How do I keep track of how much medication is in my dry powder inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: Your DPI should have an indicator on the top or sides, telling you how many doses you have left. Make sure you have a new dry powder inhaler available before the old one is empty.
Question: How do I use a dry powder inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: These are the general steps for using a dry powder inhaler for COPD: Remove the cap from the dry powder inhaler. Load a dose of medicine (how you do this depends on the type of inhaler you have). Turn your head and breathe out as much air as you can -- try and empty your lungs. Put the dry powder inhaler up to your mouth. Place the mouth-piece in your mouth and seal your lips firmly around the opening so no air or medicine can escape out the sides. Using just your mouth, breathe in once -- very deep and fast -- filling your lungs as deeply as you can. Dry powder inhalers are breathe-activated, so it's the breathing in deep and fast that gives you the right dose of medicine. Never breathe into the inhaler. Take your mouth off the inhaler and hold your breath for at least 10 seconds. Then slowly breathe out. If your doctor prescribed more than one dose of COPD medication, wait about 1 minute before taking the next dose. Replace the cap on the dry powder inhaler. Gargle and rinse your mouth with water or mouthwash (usually advised only for steroid-type inhalers).
Question: Why is it important to learn how to use my inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: If you use the hydrofluoroalkane inhaler or dry powder inhaler the right way, you receive the right amount of COPD medication and it can reach deep inside your lungs. Then you can gain the full benefit of the medication. Also, if you use your inhaler the right way, you are less likely to experience side effects.
Question: How do I use a hydrofluoroalkane inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: These are the general steps for using a hydrofluoroalkane inhaler for COPD: Remove the cap from the hydrofluoroalkane inhaler. Shake the inhaler for a few seconds. Place your index finger on top of the canister and thumb on the bottom of the mouthpiece. Tilt your head back slightly and breathe out. Hold the inhaler upright about the width of two fingers from your mouth. Press down on the inhaler once as you breathe in as slowly and deeply as you can - about 3 to 5 seconds. If possible, hold your breath for at least 10 seconds. If your doctor prescribed more than one puff of COPD medication, wait about 1 minute and repeat steps 2-8. Replace the cap on the metered dose inhaler. Gargle and rinse your mouth with water or mouthwash (usually advised only for steroid-type inhalers).
Question: How do I keep track of how much medication is in my hydrofluoroalkane inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: Check the side of the canister for the number of puffs it contains. Then keep track of how many times you use it each day. This way, you can estimate when your HFA is likely to run out. Put that date right on the canister. Some HFAs contain a color-coded side window that indicates when the medication is running out. If so, ask your doctor about HFAs that count the puffs each time you press the inhaler. Or ask about getting two inhalers at a time. When one runs out, get a refill so you always have an inhaler handy. Throw away the HFA when it is empty, even if it continues to spray.
Question: What is a dry powder inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: A hydrofluoroalkane inhaler is a handheld device that delivers a specific amount of medication in aerosol form, rather than as a pill or capsule. A DPI delivers medication to the lungs as you inhale through it. It doesn't contain propellants or other ingredients -- just your medication.
Question: What tests do doctors use to diagnose pancreatitis?
Answer: To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis. Other tests can include: Pancreatic function test to find out whether your pancreas is making the right amounts of digestive enzymes Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI, which make images of your pancreas ERCP, in which your doctor uses a long tube with a camera on the end to look at your pancreatic and bile ducts Biopsy, in which your doctor uses a needle to remove a small piece of tissue from your pancreas to be studied In some cases, your doctor may test your blood and poop to confirm the diagnosis.
Question: What is acute pancreatitis?
Answer: Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation that lasts a short time. It can range from mild discomfort to a severe, life-threatening illness. Most people with acute pancreatitis recover completely after getting the right treatment. In severe cases, acute pancreatitis can cause bleeding, serious tissue damage, infection, and cysts. Severe pancreatitis can also harm other vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
Question: What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
Answer: Symptoms of acute pancreatitis Fever Higher heart rate Nausea and vomiting Swollen and tender belly Pain in the upper part of your belly that goes into your back. Eating may make it worse, especially foods high in fat.
Question: How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?
Answer: To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis.
Question: What are the risk factors for chronic pancreatitis?
Answer: Another top cause is drinking lots of alcohol for a long period of time. People with chronic pancreatitis are usually men between ages 30 and 40.
Question: What causes pancreatitis?
Answer: Diarrhea and weight loss because your pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to break down food Upset stomach and vomiting Acute pancreatitis causes include: Autoimmune diseases Drinking lots of alcohol Infections Gallstones Medications Metabolic disorders Surgery Trauma In up to 15% of people with acute pancreatitis, the cause is unknown. Chronic pancreatitis causes include: Cystic fibrosis Family history of pancreas disorders Gallstones High triglycerides Longtime alcohol use Medications In about 20% to 30% of cases, the cause of chronic pancreatitis is unknown. Pain medicine If your case is more severe, your treatment might include: ERCP to take out gallstones if they're blocking your bile or pancreatic ducts Gallbladder surgery if gallstones caused your pancreatitis Pancreas surgery to clean out fluid or dead or diseased tissue Treatment for chronic pancreatitis If you have chronic pancreatitis, you might need more treatments, including: Insulin to treat diabetes Pain medicine Pancreatic enzymes to help your body get enough nutrients from your food Surgery or procedures to relieve pain, help with drainage, or treat blockages Because many cases of pancreatitis are caused by alcohol abuse, prevention often focuses on limiting how much you drink or not drinking at all.
Question: How is chronic pancreatitis treated?
Answer: It releases insulin and glucagon into your bloodstream. Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis are similar to those of acute pancreatitis. Treatment for acute pancreatitis You'll probably need to stay in the hospital, where your treatment may include: Antibiotics if your pancreas is infected Intravenous ( IV) fluids, given through a needle Low-fat diet or fasting. Pain medicine If your case is more severe, your treatment might include: ERCP to take out gallstones if they're blocking your bile or pancreatic ducts Gallbladder surgery if gallstones caused your pancreatitis Pancreas surgery to clean out fluid or dead or diseased tissue Treatment for chronic pancreatitis If you have chronic pancreatitis, you might need more treatments, including: Insulin to treat diabetes Pain medicine Pancreatic enzymes to help your body get enough nutrients from your food Surgery or procedures to relieve pain, help with drainage, or treat blockages Because many cases of pancreatitis are caused by alcohol abuse, prevention often focuses on limiting how much you drink or not drinking at all. Stop smoking, follow your doctor's and dietitian's advice about your diet, and take your medications so you'll have fewer and milder attacks of pancreatitis.
Question: How is depression in men treated?
Answer: More than 80% of people with depression -- both men and women -- can be treated successfully with antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both.
Question: Why is it harder for men to get help for depression?
Answer: For example, men tend to deny having problems because they are supposed to "be strong." And American culture suggests that expressing emotion is largely a feminine trait. As a result, men who are depressed are more likely to talk about the physical symptoms of their depression -- such as feeling tired --- rather than symptoms related to emotions.