anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can you tell if you have support issues relative to breast pain?
Answer: Fibrous tissue (breast tissue that's scar-like or ropey) and cysts (fluid-filled sacs) form in your breasts. Certain prescription meds, as well as hormone medications, can cause breast pain. Reduction surgery can help, but it, too, can cause pain if tissue is damaged during the operation. A supportive, sturdy bra can help keep your breasts in place. Wearing a sports bra to bed and when exercising can also help.
Question: What hormone levels trigger breast pain?
Answer: Doctors aren't sure what triggers breast pain. It can happen at different times in your reproductive life, such as during: Puberty Your monthly period or when you have premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Pregnancy, usually in the first trimester Breastfeeding. Sometimes a blocked milk duct can get infected, a painful condition called mastitis. It needs to be treated immediately, usually with antibiotics. Menopause This is likely linked to hormones, as well. If there's an imbalance of them in your cells, your breasts can be more sensitive to hormones.
Question: How can trauma and infection affect the body?
Answer: Infections tend to become walled off from surrounding tissue, producing small abscesses. This may give them the appearance of cysts. If you think you have an infection, see your doctor. Your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics, although many times the infection will come back and may require the removal of the infected tissue. Cysts may produce pain, but breast cancer rarely does -- although pain does not rule out the possibility of cancer.
Question: What are breast lumps?
Answer: Breast lumps come in many forms, including cysts, adenomas, and papillomas. They differ in size, shape, and location, as well as in causes and treatment. About half of all women have lumpy breasts, or fibrocystic change. They are more common during the premenstrual period and usually disappear after menopause. Most lumps are benign and do not signal cancer; however, any time you find a new or unusual lump, have your doctor check it to make sure it is not precancerous or cancerous.
Question: How does sarcoidosis usually progress?
Answer: Usually, patients who experience more generalized symptoms, such as weight loss and fatigue, develop a mild form of the disease. Patients suffering from shortness of breath and skin rashes may develop more chronic, severe sarcoidosis. Race also seems to play a role; Caucasians are more likely to develop a mild form of the disease, while African- Americans tend to develop the more chronic, severe form.
Question: When should I call my doctor about sarcoidosis?
Answer: You have a cough that won't go away You develop a sudden, unexplained skin rash You experience sudden, unexplained weight loss You experience chronic fatigue or don't feel well
Question: What is a VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery) lobectomy?
Answer: Your surgeon does this operation through two to four small cuts in the side of your chest, one about 2 ½ inches long, and the others about a half-inch long. He uses a tube with a tiny video camera to see inside and guide his tools. Unlike open surgery, you don't get a big cut in your chest, so you're likely to heal faster with less pain.
Question: What is a robotic surgery lobectomy?
Answer: Your surgeon sits at a console next to you and controls robotic arms that do the operation. The procedure uses three or four half-inch cuts between your ribs, so you may have less bleeding, a lower chance of infection, and a faster recovery.
Question: How do I prepare for a lobectomy?
Answer: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.
Question: What happens in a lobectomy?
Answer: Doctors can do the surgery in a few different ways. The one that's right for you depends on the type and location of your lung problem as well as your overall health.
Question: What are the risks of lobectomy?
Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things.
Question: What is an open surgery lobectomy?
Answer: The types include: Open surgery, called a thoracotomy. Your surgeon makes a long cut along the side of your chest. He spreads your ribs apart so he can easily see and remove the affected lobe of your lung.
Question: What are the risks of a lobectomy?
Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.
Question: How do you prepare for a lobectomy?
Answer: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.
Question: What does a lobectomy accomplish?
Answer: The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.
Question: What are the chances of complications after a lobectomy?
Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.
Question: What is the recovery procedure for a lobectomy?
Answer: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . Most people have some discomfort the first few months after surgery. You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. Fatigue. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Constipation. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. Exercise. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.
Question: Why would you need a lobectomy?
Answer: It's usually the main treatment for people with the early stages of lung cancer, when there's a tumor in just one part of the lung. In that case, a lobectomy offers the best chance for a cure and may be the only treatment you need. But it doesn't help when cancer has spread to your whole lung or to other parts of your body. The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.
Question: What's recovery like from a lobectomy?
Answer: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.
Question: What is a lobectomy?
Answer: Your lungs are made up of five sections called lobes. A lobectomy removes one of these lobes. After the surgery, your healthy tissue makes up for the missing section, so your lungs should work as well or better than they did before. A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital.
Question: What cancer causes the most deaths in women in the United States?
Answer: Lung cancer has surpassed breast cancer as the cause of most cancer-related deaths in men and women in the U. S.
Question: How common is lung cancer?
Answer: Lung cancer is responsible for the most cancer-related deaths for both men and women throughout the world. The American Cancer Society estimated that about 234,030 new cases of lung cancer would be diagnosed and about 154,050 deaths due to lung cancer would occur in 2018.
Question: What factors led to the increased prevalence of lung cancer?
Answer: The American Cancer Society estimated that about 234,030 new cases of lung cancer would be diagnosed and about 154,050 deaths due to lung cancer would occur in 2018. Not counting skin cancer, it is the second most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the US.
Question: What are symptoms of esophagitis?
Answer: Irritation leading to esophagitis may be caused by any of the following: GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease Vomiting Surgery Medications such as aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs Taking a large pill with too little water or just before bedtime Swallowing a toxic substance Hernias Radiation injury as can occur following radiation treatment for cancer Symptoms of esophagitis include: Difficult and/or painful swallowing Heartburn A feeling of something of being stuck in the throat Chest pain Nausea Vomiting If you have any of these symptoms, you should contact your health care provider as soon as possible.
Question: What infections cause esophagitis?
Answer: This is a yeast infection of the esophagus caused by the same fungus that causes vaginal yeast infections. The infection develops in the esophagus when the body's immune system is weak, such as in people with diabetes or HIV.
Question: How is esophagitis diagnosed?
Answer: A test in which a long, flexible lighted tube, called an endoscope, is used to view the esophagus. Biopsy. During this test, a small sample of the esophageal tissue is removed and then sent to a laboratory to be examined under a microscope. Upper GI series (or barium swallow) . During this procedure, X-rays are taken of the esophagus after drinking a barium solution.
Question: How is esophagitis treated?
Answer: Possible treatments include: Medications that block acid production such as heartburn drugs Antibiotics, anti-fungals, or antivirals to treat an infection Pain medications that can be gargled or swallowed Corticosteroid medication to reduce inflammation Intravenous (by vein) nutrition to allow the esophagus to heal and to prevent dehydration and malnutrition Endoscopy to remove any lodged pill fragments Surgery to remove the damaged part of the esophagus While being treated for esophagitis, there are certain steps you can take to limit or reduce discomfort: Avoid spicy foods such as those with pepper, chili powder, curry, and nutmeg.
Question: Does your doctor need to know about any supplements you take if you're going to have aortic valve replacement surgery?
Answer: To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery.
Question: What does the aortic valve do?
Answer: When this valve opens, blood goes from your heart into your aorta (the largest artery in your body) and on to the rest of your body. When your aortic valve closes, it keeps blood from flowing the wrong way back into your heart. This cycle repeats with every heartbeat. If certain things go wrong with that valve, your doctor may recommend that you have surgery to replace it.
Question: What are biological valves for aortic valve replacement?
Answer: Biological valves come from animal tissue. They last 10-20 years. That's not as long as mechanical valves, but they don't lead to clots and you won't need blood thinners. You and your doctor should talk about the pros and cons of each type, and what's best for you.
Question: What is minimally invasive surgery for aortic valve replacement?
Answer: Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. You get a smaller cut in your chest, and your breastbone won't be opened all the way, if at all.
Question: What tests are done to make sure you're healthy enough for aortic valve replacement surgery?
Answer: To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery.
Question: What are mechanical valves for aortic valve replacement?
Answer: Mechanical valves are carbon, metal, or plastic. They last long but boost your chances of having blood clots. You'll have to take drugs called blood thinners for the rest of your life. Your doctor will check your med levels often because too little won't help with clots, but too much could cause heavy bleeding, especially after an injury.
Question: What are the risks from aortic valve replacement surgery?
Answer: Most people do well with this surgery. Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back
Question: How does a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) work?
Answer: With one type of operation, called transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( TAVR), you get a thin tube that runs through a small opening in your leg and up to your heart. Your doctor uses that tube to put in the new valve.
Question: When should you call a doctor after aortic valve replacement surgery?
Answer: Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back
Question: How can aortic valve problems cause stenosis?
Answer: Any of these issues can lead to: Regurgitation, when the valve doesn't close all the way and blood flows backward into the heart Stenosis, when the opening of the valve gets too narrow and not enough blood flows out Those problems can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms. If you don't get the valve replaced, it can be life-threatening.
Question: What happens in open-heart surgery for aortic valve replacement?
Answer: Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. It's usually recommended for people if open-heart surgery is too risky. You'll get tired easily.
Question: Can exercise help with constipation?
Answer: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. According to experts, exercise does more than tone your heart and other muscles. Exercise is essential for regular bowel movements. In fact, one of the key things that leads to constipation is inactivity.
Question: When is the best time to exercise to help relieve constipation?
Answer: Wait an hour after a big meal before doing any tough physical activity. After eating, blood flow increases to your stomach and intestines to help your body digest the food. If you exercise right after eating, blood flows away from your stomach and to your heart and muscles instead. Since the strength of your gut's muscle contractions depends on how much blood it has, less blood in the GI tract means weaker contractions and the food will move sluggishly through your intestines. This can lead to bloating, gas, and constipation. So after a big meal, give your body a chance to digest it before you start on that nature hike.
Question: What are the best exercises for constipation?
Answer: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. A regular walking plan -- even 10 to 15 minutes several times a day -- can help the body and digestive system work at their best. If you are already fit, you might choose aerobic exercise: running, jogging, swimming, or swing dancing, for example. All of these exercises can help keep the digestive tract healthy. Stretching may also help ease constipation, and yoga may, too.
Question: How can exercise help with constipation?
Answer: Exercise helps constipation by lowering the time it takes food to move through the large intestine. Plus, aerobic exercise speeds up your breathing and heart rate. This helps to stimulate the natural squeezing (or contractions) of muscles in your intestines. Intestinal muscles that squeeze better will help move stools out quickly.
Question: Why do people take ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?
Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is sometimes prescribed by doctors to clean toxic metals, such as lead, from the blood. In those cases it is given through an IV. EDTA is also an ingredient in some prescription cancer-fighting medicines.
Question: Does ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) work?
Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. There is no scientific evidence to support this. Preliminary studies show that intravenous EDTA therapy under physician supervision may help patients who have had a heart attack, particularly if they have diabetes. However, more study is needed to prove this. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.
Question: Which foods contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?
Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is a chemical that is added to certain foods and beverages to help them keep their color and flavor. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.
Question: What happens to your lungs and respiratory system when you breathe?
Answer: Breathing starts at the nose and mouth. You inhale air into your nose or mouth, and it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open during inhalation and exhalation and free from inflammation or swelling and excess or abnormal amounts of mucus. As the bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has over 300 million alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood. After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and is carried to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs. As the cells use the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when you exhale.
Question: What is the diaphragm's role in breathing?
Answer: Inhalation and exhalation are the processes by which the body brings in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide. The breathing process is aided by a large dome-shaped muscle under the lungs called the diaphragm. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of fresh air into the lungs. The opposite occurs with exhalation, where the diaphragm relaxes upwards, pushing on the lungs, allowing them to deflate.