anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How common are infections from H. pylori?
Answer: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) is a type of bacteria. As more of the world gets access to clean water and sanitation, fewer people than before are getting the bacteria. With good health habits, you can protect yourself and your children from H. pylori. The germs live in the body for years before symptoms start, but most people who have it will never get ulcers. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.
Question: How does H. pylori affect your body?
Answer: After H. pylori enters your body, it attacks the lining of your stomach, which usually protects you from the acid your body uses to digest food. These may bleed, cause infections, or keep food from moving through your digestive tract. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.
Question: What is the most common type of diabetic eye disease?
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common type of diabetic eye disease. The longer you have diabetes, the more likely you are to have some degree of diabetic retinopathy. How bad it will be depends on how well you control your blood sugar.
Question: What is background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)?
Answer: Background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR): This is the earliest stage. Damaged blood vessels begin to leak into the retina.
Question: What is macular edema?
Answer: NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells. Located in the center of your retina, it's what gives you your pinpoint vision. This won't lead to blindness, but it can cause blurred vision. It can get better once you get your blood sugar and blood pressure under control. If it doesn't improve, lasers or medications injected directly into your eye may help.
Question: What are cataracts and glaucoma?
Answer: Cataracts, when the eye's lens clouds up, are a common cause of vision loss and a normal part of the aging process. Glaucoma, a disease that damages your optic nerve, is a leading cause of blindness for people over 60.
Question: How often should I get a dilated eye exam if I have diabetes?
Answer: If you have diabetes, get a dilated exam as soon as you're diagnosed. Your doctor will put drops in your eye to widen the pupil. That lets him get a better look at your retina and optic nerve. Adults with type 2 diabetes should get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Your eye doctor will let you know if you need to come in more often. Let him know if you notice sudden vision changes. Blurry vision can result from blood sugar that's too high or too low.
Question: Am I more at risk for cataracts and glaucoma if I have diabetes?
Answer: They're not specific to diabetes, but they can show up earlier if you have it. It all depends on how well you control your blood sugar. And they're just two more reasons you need to work closely with your doctor to keep the disease under control.
Question: What is macular ischemia?
Answer: Macular ischemia: This loss of blood flow results when small blood vessels in your retina close up. Your vision blurs because the macula no longer gets enough blood to work like it should.
Question: How does having high blood sugar cause vision problems?
Answer: This thin layer of light-sensitive tissue lines the back of the eye and sends light to your brain. That's what allows you to see. NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells.
Question: Can immune system problems cause achy joints?
Answer: When the lining inside your joints becomes inflamed, the area around them is tender to the touch. It might also be stiff or swollen, and it can happen with more than one joint. You may notice that it's worse in the morning.
Question: Can immune system problems cause dry eyes?
Answer: If you have an autoimmune disorder, that means your immune system attacks your body instead of defending it. Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are two examples. Many people who have an autoimmune disorder find that they have dry eyes. You might feel a sandy, gritty feeling like something is in your eye. Or you may notice pain, redness, a stringy discharge, or blurred vision. Some people find they can't cry even when they're upset.
Question: Can immune system problems lead to infections?
Answer: Other red flags: Chronic sinus infections, being sick with more than four ear infections in a year (for anyone over the age of 4), or having pneumonia more than once.
Question: Can immune system problems cause tingling or numbness in your hands and feet?
Answer: It can be completely innocent. But in some cases it can mean that your body is attacking nerves that send signals to your muscles. People who have Guillain- Barre syndrome, for instance, may have numbness that starts in their legs then moves up to their arms and chest. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP) has symptoms similar to the demyelinating form of GBS (called acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or AIDP), but while GBS lasts two weeks to 30 days.
Question: What can happen if your immune system is working too hard?
Answer: If it kicks into action too often, you may get a condition like allergies, asthma, or eczema. Or if your immune system starts to attack your body instead of safeguarding it, you could have an autoimmune disorder like rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes.
Question: Can immune system problems cause weight change?
Answer: You find yourself gaining extra pounds even though your eating habits and workouts haven't changed.
Question: Can immune system problems cause a fever?
Answer: If you're running a higher temperature than normal, it could be that your immune system is starting to overwork. That can happen due to an oncoming infection or because you're starting to have a flare of an autoimmune condition.
Question: Can immune system problems cause swallowing issues?
Answer: If you have a tough time getting food down, your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) could be swollen or too weak to work well. Some people feel like food is stuck in their throat or chest. Others gag or choke when they swallow. One of the possible causes can be a problem with your immune system.
Question: Can immune system problems cause bathroom problems?
Answer: Diarrhea that lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks can be a warning sign that your immune system is harming the lining of your small intestine or digestive tract. Constipation is a concern, too. If your bowel movements are hard to pass, very firm, or look like they're made up of small rabbit pellets, your immune system may be forcing your intestine to slow down. Other possible causes include bacteria, viruses, and other health conditions.
Question: Can immune system problems cause headaches?
Answer: In some cases, headaches can be related to the immune system. For example, it could be vasculitis, which is inflammation of a blood vessel caused by an infection or autoimmune disease.
Question: Can immune system problems cause fatigue?
Answer: Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. You might feel a sandy, gritty feeling like something is in your eye. But in some cases it can mean that your body is attacking nerves that send signals to your muscles.
Question: Could my illness be related to immune system problems?
Answer: They can all cause inflammation. But do you know the other warning signs? Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. For example, it could be vasculitis, which is inflammation of a blood vessel caused by an infection or autoimmune disease.
Question: Can immune system problems cause hair loss?
Answer: If you lose hair on your scalp, face, or other parts of your body, you could have a condition called alopecia areata. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. Sometimes your immune system decides to fight the skin's pigment-making cells, called melanocytes.
Question: Can immune system problems cause white patches on the skin?
Answer: To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. Sometimes the immune system attacks hair follicles.
Question: Can immune system problems cause cold hands?
Answer: The skin in these areas may turn white, then blue, when you're exposed to the cold. Once blood flow returns, the skin may then turn red. Doctors call this â Raynaud's phenomenon.â Immune system problems can cause it, but so can other things, including smoking, some prescription drugs, and conditions that affect your arteries. If your bowel movements are hard to pass, very firm, or look like they're made up of small rabbit pellets, your immune system may be forcing your intestine to slow down.
Question: Can immune system problems cause rashes?
Answer: People with lupus often get a butterfly-shaped rash across their nose and cheeks. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. If so, you'll start to see white patches of skin on your body. Called jaundice, it may mean that your immune system is attacking and destroying healthy liver cells.
Question: What does yellow poop mean?
Answer: This shade is also normal for many people. It's common for babies, especially those who breastfeed. But if you have yellow poop that looks greasy and smells very bad, it may have too much fat. That could be a sign your body isn't digesting food properly. For example, if you have celiac disease, your body can't handle a protein called gluten, which is in wheat, barley, and rye. If you have the condition and eat foods that have gluten, like many breads, pastas, and cookies, your intestines won't work as they should. There may be other causes of yellow poop that's greasy and smelly. If it happens to you often, tell your doctor.
Question: What is the main treatment for childhood leukemia?
Answer: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for childhood leukemia. Your child will get anticancer drugs by mouth, or into a vein or the spinal fluid. To keep leukemia from returning, there may be maintenance therapy in cycles over a period of 2 or 3 years.
Question: Can gene therapy be used for childhood leukemia?
Answer: The FDA has approved a type of gene therapy for children and young adults up to age 25 whose B-cell ALL doesn't get better with other treatments. Scientists are working on a version of this treatment for people over 25 and for other kinds of cancer.
Question: What initial tests are used for childhood leukemia?
Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope.
Question: What does treatment for childhood leukemia involve?
Answer: Before cancer treatment begins, sometimes a child needs treatment to address illness complications. For example, changes in blood cells can lead to infections or severe bleeding and may affect the amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues. Treatment may involve antibiotics, blood transfusions, or other measures to fight infection.
Question: How does a pathologist diagnose childhood leukemia?
Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope. This specialist also checks bone marrow samples for the number of blood-forming cells and fat cells.
Question: What are the types of childhood leukemia?
Answer: ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia ( AML). AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Hybrid or mixed lineage leukemia. This is a rare leukemia with features of both ALL and AML. Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML). CML is rare in children. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL). CLL is very rare in children. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia ( JMML). This is a rare type that is neither chronic nor acute and happens most often in children under age 4.
Question: How is a stem cell transplant used for childhood leukemia?
Answer: If standard treatment is likely to be less effective, a stem cell transplant may be the best option. It involves a transplant of blood-forming stem cells after whole body radiation combined with high-dose chemotherapy happens first to destroy the child's bone marrow.
Question: How do children get leukemia?
Answer: But certain things may raise the chances of getting it. Keep in mind, though, that having one of these things does not necessarily mean a child will get leukemia. In fact, most children with leukemia don't have any known risk factors. ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia.
Question: What is the outlook for childhood leukemia?
Answer: AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. And treatment at special centers for children and teens has the advantages of specialized care. Childhood cancers tend to respond to treatment better than adult cancers do, and children's bodies often tolerate treatment better.
Question: What is childhood leukemia?
Answer: Childhood leukemia, the most common type of cancer in children and teens, is a cancer of the white blood cells. As tough as it is for a child to have cancer, it's good to know that most children and teens with childhood leukemia can be successfully treated. AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Many signs and symptoms of childhood leukemia happen when leukemia cells crowd out normal cells. It can also help prevent or treat the spread of leukemia to other parts of the body.
Question: What does a hamstring strain feel like?
Answer: Mild hamstring strains may not hurt too much. But severe ones can be agonizing, making it impossible to walk or even stand.
Question: What causes ulcerative colitis?
Answer: He makes an opening in your belly wall and joins the reservoir to your skin with a nipple valve.
Question: What are diet changes for ulcerative colitis?
Answer: While food doesn't appear to play a role in causing ulcerative colitis, certain foods may cause more symptoms when your disease is active. Your doctor may suggest diet changes, depending on your symptoms. He may also recommend vitamins or nutritional supplements.
Question: When should you get surgery to remove your entire colon if you have ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest diet changes, depending on your symptoms. When you have an operation to remove your entire colon, the surgeon most often creates an opening, or stoma, in your belly wall. He attaches a bag there and brings the tip of your lower small intestine through the opening. Waste passes through it and collects in a pouch, which gets attached to the stoma. You'd need to wear the pouch all the time.
Question: What is ulcerative colitis (UC)?
Answer: These treatments won't cure your ulcerative colitis, unless you have surgery that removes the colon and rectum, which is considered curative, but they can help ease your symptoms. These medicines sometimes have side effects and long-term complications, so doctors often suggest them for short periods of time to help you get in remission. While food doesn't appear to play a role in causing ulcerative colitis, certain foods may cause more symptoms when your disease is active. Your doctor may suggest this if your medicine isn't working, your symptoms get worse, or your ulcerative colitis leads to serious complications.
Question: What are the symptoms of an infected venous skin ulcer?
Answer: If that happens, you might notice: A redness or swelling of the surrounding skin Worsening pain A fever Pus If you have a wound that isn't healing or you think is infected, you should see your doctor.
Question: What can raise your chances of getting venous skin ulcer?
Answer: They're more common in older people, particularly women. You also may have a chance of getting one if you: Have previous leg injuries Have varicose veins Smoke Are obese Have had other circulation problems such as blood clots or phlebitis, a painful swelling of the veins A venous ulcer often feels itchy or burns, and the leg around it may be swollen.
Question: What are the symptoms of a venous skin ulcer?
Answer: You also may have a chance of getting one if you: Have previous leg injuries Have varicose veins Smoke Are obese Have had other circulation problems such as blood clots or phlebitis, a painful swelling of the veins A venous ulcer often feels itchy or burns, and the leg around it may be swollen. Other signs may include: A rash or dry skin Brownish discoloration A foul-smelling fluid oozing from the sore An ulcer can also become infected.
Question: What are the causes of venous skin ulcer?
Answer: A venous skin ulcer is a sore on your leg that's very slow to heal, usually because of weak blood circulation in the limb. The veins in the leg, which should send blood back to the heart, might not be doing their job all that well. That's often because the valves that stop the flow of blood back into the veins aren't working like they should. This backflow of blood means increased pressure in the end of the limb. When that happens, it can weaken the skin and make it harder for a cut or scrape to heal.
Question: How do you prevent venous skin ulcers?
Answer: But there are steps you can take to prevent them from happening. Your doctor will ask you if you have a history of ongoing (or âchronicâ) conditions, such as diabetes or hardening of the arteries.
Question: What is a venous skin ulcer?
Answer: They can last anywhere from a few weeks to years. You may hear a doctor or nurse call them âvenous leg ulcers.â They can sometimes lead to more serious problems if you don't have them treated. The pressure should improve the blood circulation in your leg, boosting your body's ability to heal the sore.
Question: What is an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: The alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) test is a blood test that checks for liver damage. Your doctor can use this test to find out if a disease, drug, or injury has damaged your liver.
Question: Why should your doctor order an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your doctor might recommend ALT if you have symptoms of liver disease or damage, such as: Stomach pain or swelling Nausea Vomiting Yellow skin or eyes (a condition called jaundice) Weakness Extreme tiredness (fatigue) Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Itchy skin Here are some reasons you might get this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus. You drink a lot of alcohol. You have a family history of liver disease. You take medicine that's known to cause liver damage. The ALT test can be done as part of a blood panel during a regular exam. If you've already been diagnosed with liver disease, your doctor can use the ALT test to see how well your treatment is working.
Question: When do you get results from an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: Risks are usually minor, and can include: Bleeding Bruising Infection Slight pain when the needle is inserted Fainting or feeling dizzy You should get your results in about a day.
Question: What causes slightly high alanine aminotransferase levels?
Answer: Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel.
Question: What causes very high alanine aminotransferase levels?
Answer: Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel.
Question: What is the role of the liver relative to an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: Your liver does a lot of important things for you: It makes a fluid called bile that helps your body digest food. It removes waste products and other toxins from your blood. It produces proteins and cholesterol. Diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis can damage your liver and prevent it from doing its many jobs.
Question: When should you talk to your doctor about an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: To find out what type of liver disease you have, your doctor might also test the levels of other enzymes and proteins found in your liver, including: Albumin Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) Total protein Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. Also find out how these results might affect your treatment.
Question: How do you prepare for an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: You don't need any special preparation for the ALT test. Your doctor might ask you to stop eating or drinking a few hours before the test. Tell your doctor what prescription drugs or supplements you take. Some medicines can affect the results of this test.
Question: What are the risks in an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: The ALT blood test is safe. Risks are usually minor, and can include: Bleeding Bruising Infection Slight pain when the needle is inserted Fainting or feeling dizzy You should get your results in about a day.
Question: What causes moderately high alanine aminotransferase levels?
Answer: Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel.
Question: What other tests are done in addition to an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: To find out what type of liver disease you have, your doctor might also test the levels of other enzymes and proteins found in your liver, including: Albumin Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) Total protein Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results.