anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Does a cervical shield come in more than one size?
Answer: But you will need a prescription for it.
Question: What is Hashimoto's disease?
Answer: Your immune system starts attacking your thyroid and gradually weakens the gland until it can't produce enough thyroid hormones.
Question: What causes thyroiditis?
Answer: There are many things that can make your thyroid swell. You may have gotten an infection from a virus or bacteria. You may be taking a drug like lithium or interferon. Or you may have problems with your immune system. One form of thyroiditis shows up after childbirth. Pregnancy has a major impact on the thyroid in general.
Question: How is hypothyroidism treated?
Answer: With subacute thyroiditis, there is generally a predictable pattern of how the thyroid functions. These are taken as pills. As your metabolism returns to normal, your doctor may adjust the dosage.
Question: Do antidepressants help ADHD?
Answer: These nonstimulants are FDA-approved for ADHD in children and teens: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ER ( Intuniv) Antidepressants aren't specifically approved to treat ADHD, but they can help with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. They're an option for children who haven't done well on a stimulant alone. Taking an antidepressant along with a stimulant seems to work well for children who have ADHD along with a mood disorder such as depression or anxiety.
Question: What specific non-stimulant drugs treat ADHD?
Answer: These nonstimulants are FDA-approved for ADHD in children and teens: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ER ( Intuniv) Antidepressants aren't specifically approved to treat ADHD, but they can help with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
Question: What is behavioral therapy for ADHD?
Answer: This type of therapy uses positive reinforcement for good behavior and negative reinforcement for unwanted behaviors. A mental health professional -- a psychologist, social worker, or family therapist -- works with you and your child's teachers to set up a program to improve your child's behaviors. Behavioral therapy is often used along with ADHD medications, but it can also be used alone.
Question: Is ADHD treatment safe for children and how do I know if treatment is right for my child?
Answer: These treatment options have been evaluated for safety, but no two children are alike, and what works for some kids may not work as well for yours. Together with the doctor, you'll develop a plan that meets your child's specific needs. It may take time to figure out what works best. The plan may include medications, behavioral therapy, or both.
Question: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Answer: These are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants for people with depression. These have been tried for ADHD: Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Venlafaxine ( Effexor).
Question: Which specific drugs are considered stimulants?
Answer: Stimulants include: Amphetamine ( Adzenys XR- ODT) Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Ritalin, Quillivant XR) If the first drug the doctor prescribes doesn't seem to help with symptoms, he may raise the dosage, suggest a different medication, or suggest your child take another drug along with the stimulant.
Question: What are stimulants for ADHD?
Answer: Stimulants are the most common treatment in children and teens. They help the brain control impulses and control behavior and attention. Kids with certain medical conditions shouldn't take stimulants. Make sure the doctor knows your child's medical history before he prescribes any medication. The doctor may prescribe this if your child doesn't do well with stimulants.
Question: Do omega-3 supplements help ADHD?
Answer: For some kids, they may be a better option than stimulants, but they're often used along with stimulants. There are several types of antidepressants.
Question: What other health conditions are common in people with Down syndrome?
Answer: People with Down syndrome are born with an extra chromosome.
Question: Who is at high risk of getting a baby with Down syndrome?
Answer: While doctors don't know what causes it, they do know that women 35 and older have a higher chance of having a baby with Down syndrome. If you've already had a child with Down syndrome, you're more likely to have another one who has it as well.
Question: What are mental abilities of a person with Down syndrome?
Answer: Their mental abilities will vary, but most have mild to moderate issues with thinking, reasoning, and understanding. They'll learn and pick up new skills their whole lives, but may take longer to reach important goals like walking, talking, and developing social skills.
Question: Does appearance show what type of Down syndrome someone has?
Answer: The parent doesn't have Down syndrome because they have the right number of genes, but their child may have what's called âtranslocation Down syndrome.â Not everyone with translocation Down syndrome gets it from their parents -- it may also happen by chance.
Question: What is translocation Down syndrome?
Answer: Sometimes, a parent has what experts call âtranslocatedâ genes. That means some of their genes aren't in their normal place, perhaps on a different chromosome from where they'd usually be found. The parent doesn't have Down syndrome because they have the right number of genes, but their child may have what's called âtranslocation Down syndrome.â Not everyone with translocation Down syndrome gets it from their parents -- it may also happen by chance.
Question: What are types of Down syndrome?
Answer: There are three types of Down syndrome: Trisomy 21. This is by far the most common type, where every cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. Translocation Down syndrome. In this type, each cell has part of an extra chromosome 21, or an entirely extra one. But it's attached to another chromosome instead of being on its own. Mosaic Down syndrome. This is the rarest type, where only some cells have an extra chromosome 21.
Question: What causes Down syndrome?
Answer: Your genes hold the keys to how your body looks and works. But with Down syndrome, something goes wrong and you get an extra copy of chromosome 21. That means you have three copies instead of two, which leads to the signs and symptoms of Down syndrome.
Question: Can you outgrow Down syndrome?
Answer: Although it can't be cured, doctors know more about it now than ever. If your child has it, getting the right care early on can make a big difference in helping him live a full and meaningful life. Translocation Down syndrome.
Question: Should you use paper goods when someone in your home is sick?
Answer: Switch to paper goods. If everyone's sick, use paper towels instead of hand towels in the bathroom. Switch out glasses for paper cups, and toss them after one use. You'll be less likely to swap germs.
Question: What should you disinfect when someone in your home is sick?
Answer: You don't need to spend all day spraying every surface with disinfectant. You may just want to disinfect some heavily touched items -- like doorknobs, remote controls, and phones -- each day.
Question: How do flu shots help you prepare for flu season?
Answer: Get your kids to bed on time, too. Get your flu shot. One of the best ways to help keep the flu away from your home is to make sure your whole family gets vaccinated.
Question: What supplies should you stock up on in case someone in your family catches a cold or the flu?
Answer: Be ready before cold and flu season starts. Load up on tissues, hand soap, hand sanitizer, and paper towels. Make sure it contains pain relievers, fever reducers, and any other medications you use when your family is fighting colds or the flu, like decongestants or cough syrups. Review the correct doses based on age and weight. Check to see if any medications overlap or interact. Test your thermometer to make sure the batteries still work. Clean your humidifier.
Question: How should everyone in your home wash their hands during cold and flu season?
Answer: Before the virus knocks you and your family out, try these tips to prepare for colds and flu. Load up on tissues, hand soap, hand sanitizer, and paper towels. Germy hands spread colds and the flu. Tell your family to scrub their hands well with soap for 20 seconds. Tell kids to wash for as long as it takes to sing " Happy Birthday" twice. Make sure you do it, too!
Question: Who defines what it means to be legally blind?
Answer: You might be surprised to learn that it's Uncle Sam, not the doctor, who defines whether you're legally blind. The government uses the term âlegal blindnessâ to decide who can get certain benefits, like disability or job training. It is not the same as being totally blind.
Question: Can I diagnose myself as legally blind?
Answer: You can't diagnose yourself with the condition. Your doctor has to make that call, so let her know if you're having eye trouble.
Question: What is "legally blind"?
Answer: If you're legally blind, your vision is 20/200 or less. That means if an object is 200 feet away, you have to stand 20 feet from it in order to see it clearly. But a person with normal vision can stand 200 feet away and see that object perfectly.
Question: How do I determine if I'm legally blind?
Answer: She'll measure your eyesight while you're wearing glasses or contact lenses. Your vision might fall below 20/200 without them. If it improves when you put on your glasses or contacts, you're not considered legally blind. Talk to your doctor about your concerns.
Question: Is incontinence likely after prostate cancer surgery?
Answer: After surgery, most men have temporary urine leakage, called incontinence, but they usually regain complete urinary control over time. If it is severe or lasts a long time, incontinence can be managed with special disposable underwear, exercises, condom catheters, biofeedback, penile clamps, implants around the urethra, or a urethral sling.
Question: What is a PCA-3 test?
Answer: For men who have high PSA levels but biopsies don't find cancer, there is a urine test known as a PCA-3 that looks for cancer. This test can prevent the need for repeat biopsies in some men.
Question: What does watchful waiting for prostate cancer mean?
Answer: Watchful Waiting Since prostate cancer can grow slowly and may not be fatal in many men, some patients -- after discussing the options with their doctors -- opt for "watchful waiting." Watchful waiting means not treating it. Instead, the doctor regularly checks the prostate cancer for signs that it is becoming more aggressive. Watchful waiting is typically recommended for men who are older or have other life-threatening conditions. In these cases, a less aggressive cancer may be growing so slowly that it's not likely to be fatal.
Question: How can chemotherapy help with treating prostate cancer?
Answer: Other Treatments Chemotherapy is effective for some men with advanced prostate cancer who didn't do well or respond on hormone therapy. When traditional hormonal treatments stop working, newer hormonal therapies may be considered.
Question: Does a PSA test tell if you have prostate cancer?
Answer: It is important to discuss this test with your doctor before having one. A high PSA level does not mean that you have cancer; a normal PSA level does not mean you don't have cancer.
Question: What is hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?
Answer: Hormone Therapy Hormone therapy is the recommended treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Since testosterone can make prostate cancer grow, hormone therapy works by tricking the body to stop making testosterone, thus stopping or slowing the cancer's growth. The following drugs decrease the amount of testosterone being made by the testicles: leuprolide ( Eligard, Lupron) goserelin ( Zoladex) triptorelin ( Trelstar) histrelin ( Vantas) Even advanced cases that cannot be cured may be controlled for many years with hormone therapy. But there is a higher risk of heart disease with this treatment. Fractures are also a risk due to thinning of bone. Medications are given to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Question: What is a radical retropubic prostatectomy?
Answer: Surgery The standard operation, a radical retropubic prostatectomy, removes the prostate and nearby lymph nodes. In most cases, surgeons can remove the gland without cutting nerves that control erections or the bladder, making impotence or incontinence much less common than in the past.
Question: How does brachytherapy help treat prostate cancer?
Answer: Though it may take less time than IMRT, it may have more side effects.. Radioactive seeds (brachytherapy) deliver radiation to the prostate with little damage to surrounding tissues. During the procedure, the tiny radioactive seeds, each like a grain of rice, are implanted in the prostate gland using ultrasound guidance. The implants remain in place permanently and become inactive after many months. In some patients, brachytherapy may be used with traditional radiation. In some patients, if the prostate gland is too large for brachytherapy, hormone therapy can shrink the prostate to allow brachytherapy to be done.
Question: When do you get radiation for prostate cancer?
Answer: Radiation Radiation is often the main treatment for prostate cancer that has not spread. It may also be given as follow-up to surgery. Radiation may also be used, in advanced cases, to relieve pain from the spread of cancer to bones. Incontinence and impotence also occur with radiation. Radiation to the pelvis may also be done if PSA levels rise after surgery.
Question: What's the treatment for impotence after prostate cancer surgery?
Answer: After surgery or radiation, men may have impotence. Treatment for this side effect includes drugs such as sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra), tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis), and vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn). Other treatments include teaching the man to perform a painless self-injection into the penis (of a drug called Caverject), or vacuum pumps. A penile prosthesis is only used when all other options have failed. Radiation to the pelvis may also be done if PSA levels rise after surgery.
Question: What are the treatments for prostate cancer?
Answer: If cancer is found, the doctor may do abdominal and pelvic X-rays to see if the cancer has spread outside of the prostate. Decisions about how to treat this cancer are complex, and it makes sense for men to seek a second opinion before making a treatment decision. Treatment may include watchful waiting, a single therapy, or some combination of radiation, surgery, hormone therapy, and less commonly chemotherapy. The choice depends on many things. Prostate cancer that hasn't spread usually can be cured with surgery or radiation.
Question: Does a high PSA level mean I have prostate cancer?
Answer: PSA levels in blood are higher if there is prostate cancer, making it a valuable tool in finding early prostate cancer. But PSA levels can also be high from infection or inflammation in the prostate or from an enlarged prostate. Watchful waiting means not treating it.
Question: What are possible side effects of benzodiazepines?
Answer: Possible benzodiazepine side effects include: Drowsiness or dizziness Lightheadedness Fatigue Blurred vision Slurred speech Memory loss Muscle weakness Benzodiazepines can be habit-forming and addictive.
Question: What happens if you have been taking benzodiazepines in high doses?
Answer: If you have been taking the benzodiazepines in high doses or for a long time, you may suffer withdrawal symptoms if you stop the drug suddenly. Talk with your doctor about whether you still need the medication and, if not, how to taper off the drug.
Question: Can you drink alcohol while taking benzodiazepines?
Answer: They are usually avoided in people with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, unless they are necessary on a short-term basis as part of a drug or alcohol detox. Benzodiazepines can slow thinking or interfere with judgment. It is also dangerous to combine them with alcohol or certain other medications.
Question: How can benzodiazepines help with treating bipolar disorder?
Answer: They are usually taken for a brief time, up to two weeks or so, with other mood-stabilizing drugs. Benzodiazepines slow the activity of the brain. In doing so, they can help treat mania, anxiety, panic disorder, and seizures.
Question: How is a modified radical mastectomy done for breast cancer?
Answer: The surgeon removes all of your breast tissue, including your nipple and lymph nodes in the armpit. He leaves the chest muscles intact. This may be a good option if you have invasive breast cancer.
Question: When should you get a simple or total mastectomy for breast cancer?
Answer: You're most likely to have this procedure when the cancer isn't in your lymph nodes, or if you're having a mastectomy to lower your risk of getting breast cancer.
Question: What is lymph node surgery for breast cancer?
Answer: Before you have surgery for breast cancer, take some time to learn about the different types of procedures. A radical mastectomy is usually only recommended if the cancer has spread to your chest muscles.
Question: What should you do before a breast cancer surgery?
Answer: It may not be an option for you if you have cancer cells close to your skin, or if you plan to wait to have breast reconstruction. The length of your stay in the hospital will vary, depending on the type of surgery you have, how well you tolerate the operation, and your general health.
Question: How can you tell if your pain is caused by an ovarian cyst?
Answer: Sometimes your doctor finds cysts during a pelvic (female) exam. Your doctor will ask questions about your pain and other symptoms. She might give you an ultrasound. This is a device that uses sound waves to take pictures inside your body. It can show the details of a cyst. She also may do some blood tests to: Find out if you are pregnant See whether your problems are caused by hormones Check for cancer (if you are past menopause) Most cysts are considered âfunctional.â They're a part of your monthly cycle.
Question: What is an ovarian cyst?
Answer: Ovarian cysts are common, especially with woman who still get their period. They're solid or fluid-filled pockets in or on your ovary. Most of the time they're painless and harmless. You might get one every month as part of your cycle and never know it. They usually go away on their own without treatment. Cysts are also common when you're pregnant. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A cyst becomes a problem when it doesn't go away or gets bigger. It can become painful. There's also the possibility of cancer, but it's rare. The chances go up as you get older.
Question: What is the treatment for ovarian cysts?
Answer: They go away on their own. If a cyst is large or causes problems, then your doctor may want to watch it. That means you don't do anything right away. She'll check it again later. Your doctor may suggest medicine for the pain. Sometimes she'll prescribe birth control pills. The hormones in the pills won't make the cysts go away, but they can help prevent new ones. Some ovarian cysts will need surgery. That includes cysts that are large, do not go away, or cause symptoms. Cysts in women near menopause may need surgery. That's because they may be cancerous. The surgeon may take just the cyst, or the ovary. It depends on your cyst.
Question: How can you tell what kind of ovarian cyst you have?
Answer: She also may do some blood tests to: Find out if you are pregnant See whether your problems are caused by hormones Check for cancer (if you are past menopause) Most cysts are considered âfunctional.â They're a part of your monthly cycle. Your ovaries usually release one egg each month. It grows inside a tiny sac called a follicle. When the egg is ready, the follicle breaks open and releases it. If the sac doesn't open, it causes a follicle cyst. These often go away in 1 to 3 months. Corpus luteum cyst. Once the egg is released, the empty follicle usually shrinks and helps get ready for the next egg. It becomes a cyst when it closes back up and fluid collects inside. It may go away in a few weeks. Nonfunctional. In some women, their ovaries make a lot of small cysts. This condition is called polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). It can make it hard to get pregnant. Other nonfunctional cysts may be caused by cancer. Ovarian cysts in women after menopause (once your period has stopped) are more likely to be cancerous than those in younger women.
Question: What are the symptoms of an ovarian cyst?
Answer: When there are symptoms, you might have pressure, bloating, swelling, or pain in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst. This pain may be sharp or dull, and it can come and go. Sometimes a cyst may need emergency attention. See your doctor right away if you have these symptoms: Sudden, severe belly pain Pain with fever and throwing up Dizziness, weakness, feeling faint Fast breathing These signs could mean your cyst has caused the ovary to twist. She also may do some blood tests to: Find out if you are pregnant See whether your problems are caused by hormones Check for cancer (if you are past menopause) Most cysts are considered âfunctional.â They're a part of your monthly cycle.
Question: What is lactose?
Answer: Lactose is the sugar that's in milk.
Question: Who's most likely to be lactose intolerant?
Answer: It is most common among: Asian- Americans African- Americans Mexican- Americans Native Americans It can also be inherited or associated with other specific diseases.
Question: What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: This condition causes pain as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve. The pain is described as intense and lightning like, and it can occur in the lips, scalp, forehead, eye, nose, gums, cheek, and chin on one side of the face. The pain can be set off by touching a trigger area or by slight motion.
Question: What kind of pain is caused by nerve damage?
Answer: Damage to nerves can interfere with the way those signals are transmitted and cause pain signals that are abnormal. For instance, you may feel a burning sensation even though no heat is being applied to the area that burns. Nerves can be damaged by diseases such as diabetes, or they can be damaged by trauma. Certain chemotherapy drugs may cause nerve damage. Nerves can also be damaged as a result of stroke or an HIV infection, among other causes. The pain that comes from nerve damage could be the result of damage to the central nervous system ( CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Or it could result from damage to peripheral nerves, those nerves in the rest of the body that send signals to the CNS. The pain caused by nerve damage, neuropathic pain, is often described as burning or prickling. Some people describe it as an electrical shock. Others describe it as pins and needles or as a stabbing sensation. Some people with nerve damage are often hypersensitive to temperature and to touch. Just a light touch, such as the touch of a bed sheet, can set off the pain.