anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
Answer: Some people lose vision quickly over a few months. Most people will have vision loss ranging from 20/100 to 20/400 by the time they're 30 or 40. It doesn't affect peripheral, or side, vision. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places. Color vision goes away in later stages of the disease. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Symptoms: It causes central vision loss between 20/60 and 20/120.
Question: What does juvenile retinoschisis do to your eye?
Answer: Signs: This condition causes your retina to split into two layers. Blisters and blood vessels fill the space between them. Blood leaks into the vitreous fluid, the clear liquid that fills the inside of your eye. Over time, the vitreous fluid may pull away from your retina. Or the retina can detach from the inside wall of your eye. But surgery can help repair detached retinas.
Question: What does juvenile macular degeneration (JMD) damage in the eye?
Answer: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. There's a variety of inherited diseases that can lead to JMD. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
Question: How does juvenile macular degeneration affect vision?
Answer: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places.
Question: Are there remissions and flare-ups of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Typically, there are periods when the symptoms of JRA are better or disappear ("remissions") and times when symptoms are worse ("flare-ups"). The condition is different in each child. Some may have just one or two flare-ups and never have symptoms again. Others get many flare-ups or have symptoms that never go away.
Question: Will pain from rheumatoid arthritis limit my joint movement?
Answer: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. Many children, especially younger ones, don't complain of pain.
Question: Is eye inflammation a complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Answer: Eye inflammation is a potentially severe complication that sometimes happens in children with another type of JRA called âpauciarticular JRA.â Eye diseases such as iritis and uveitis usually don't happen for a while after a child first gets JRA.
Question: What areas of the body does juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) commonly affect?
Answer: JRA commonly affects the knees and joints in the hands and feet. One of the earliest warning signs of the disease is limping in the morning because of a stiff knee.
Question: Besides joint pain, what are symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Answer: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. The rash and fever may appear and disappear quickly. Systemic JRA may cause the lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body to swell. In less than half of cases, internal organs including the heart and, very rarely, the lungs, may be involved.
Question: What common fungal infections are typically associated with diabetes?
Answer: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.
Question: How can you develop atherosclerosis if you have diabetes?
Answer: When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.
Question: How can you develop disseminated granuloma annulare if you have diabetes?
Answer: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.
Question: How do shin spots (diabetic dermopathy) develop in diabetics?
Answer: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.
Question: What is necrobiosis lipoidica and how is it related to diabetes?
Answer: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.
Question: How can you develop digital sclerosis if you have diabetes?
Answer: Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.
Question: How can you develop scleredema diabeticorum if you have diabetes?
Answer: Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.
Question: How can you develop eruptive xanthomatosis if you have diabetes?
Answer: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).
Question: How do fungal infections occur in diabetics?
Answer: Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).
Question: What is disseminated granuloma annulare and is it related to diabetes?
Answer: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.
Question: What are diabetes-related shin spots?
Answer: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.
Question: What is eruptive xanthomatosis and how is it related to diabetes?
Answer: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).
Question: What are diabetes-related blisters?
Answer: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.
Question: How common are diabetes-related skin problems?
Answer: Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early.
Question: What bacterial infections are commonly associated with diabetes?
Answer: Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.
Question: How can you develop diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum)?
Answer: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.
Question: How can you develop necrobiosis lipoidica if you have diabetes?
Answer: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.
Question: How does vitiligo develop in diabetics?
Answer: Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.
Question: Where do diabetics usually get fungal infections?
Answer: Women are likely to get this in their vaginas. People also tend to get this infection on the corners of their mouth. It feels like small cuts and is called "angular cheilitis." Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails that is more prevalent among people with diabetes. It causes discoloration, thickening, and separation from the nail bed. Medicines that kill fungus -- called antifungals -- are usually needed to treat these infections.
Question: Why does diabetes cause itching?
Answer: Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as dry skin, poor blood flow, or a yeast infection. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, you'll likely feel it in your lower legs and feet. Lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.
Question: What is scleredema diabeticorum?
Answer: Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.
Question: What is digital sclerosis and how is it related to diabetes?
Answer: Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.
Question: What is diabetes-related acanthosis nigricans?
Answer: Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help.
Question: How does acanthosis nigricans develop in diabetics?
Answer: Acanthosis nigricans: This condition is most common in people with type 2 diabetes. It causes darkened and thickened skin, especially in skin folds. It looks like a small wart. Skin becomes tan or brown. It's sometimes slightly raised and may look velvety. It can be found on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Sometimes, the top of your knuckles will look strange. This condition usually affects people who are very overweight. It usually starts before diabetes, and it can be a sign of insulin resistance. While there's no cure, losing weight may help.
Question: What is diabetes-related vitiligo?
Answer: Vitiligo: This condition affects your skin color. It's more common with type 1 diabetes. With vitiligo, the cells that make the substance that gives your skin color, melanin, are destroyed. Patches of skin look discolored. They often appear on the chest and stomach. But they can also show up on the face around the mouth, nose, and eyes. Steroid creams, ultraviolet light treatments, and micropigmentation (tattooing) are a few treatment options. Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on your discolored skin.
Question: How are fungal infections due to diabetes treated?
Answer: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.
Question: How are fungal infections from diabetes treated?
Answer: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.
Question: Are there other factors besides the environment and genetics that can cause multiple sclerosis?
Answer: There's growing proof that hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by your immune system. For example, estrogen and progesterone, two important female sex hormones, may suppress your immune system. When these hormone levels are higher during pregnancy, women with MS tend to have less disease activity. Testosterone, the primary male hormone, may also suppress the immune response. Men's higher levels of testosterone may partly account for the fact that more than twice as many women as men have MS.
Question: Do genetics play a role in contracting multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Doctors still don't understand what causes multiple sclerosis.
Question: Does the environment affect a person's risk of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. People who live close to the equator are least likely to get it. In the U. S., it affects white people more than other racial groups.
Question: Is multiple sclerosis more common in certain parts of the world?
Answer: MS is an autoimmune condition. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. But the risk factors could be in your genes. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.
Question: What diseases can Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cause other than mono?
Answer: EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.
Question: How is your activity restricted if you're recovering from an Epstein-Barr virus infection?
Answer: There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen Very little urine, a sign of dehydration Trouble breathing or swallowing -- call 911 immediately Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks.
Question: How can an Epstein-Barr virus infection be prevented?
Answer: No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.
Question: How do you protect yourself from catching mono?
Answer: No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person.
Question: How common is Epstein-Barr virus?
Answer: Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick.
Question: How does mono, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), spread?
Answer: The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.
Question: How is mono diagnosed?
Answer: It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests.
Question: What are symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus  infection?
Answer: If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer.
Question: How does the Epstein-Barr virus spread?
Answer: The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who's infected. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more.
Question: What are the symptoms of mono?
Answer: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later.
Question: What are other disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus?
Answer: EBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Ear infections and diarrhea in children Guillain- Barre syndrome Certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and cancers of the nose and throat Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis ( MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS.
Question: How long does it take to recover from an Epstein-Barr virus infection?
Answer: If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Rash Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Weakness and sore muscles Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later.
Question: What is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
Answer: You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.
Question: How is an Epstein-Barr virus infection treated?
Answer: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.