anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is surgical biopsy?
Answer: Doctors rarely use this method on the thyroid. It requires making an opening in your neck to remove the node. It may even mean removing half your thyroid. Because it's surgery, you'll get medicines to put you under during the operation. It also means a longer recovery.
Question: What happens after getting thyroid biopsy?
Answer: When you get a thyroid biopsy, your doctor will take a little bit of your thyroid or lumps (known as nodules) growing on it to test in a lab. Ask your doctor when you should find out. What happens next depends on what the biopsy showed. If it's not cancer and you don't have other symptoms, you and your doctor may do âwatchful waiting.â That means follow-up visits on a schedule to check on things, like a change to a nodule or a new one showing up. If it's cancer, you'll likely need surgery. Most thyroid cancers can be treated.
Question: What is a thyroid biopsy?
Answer: Nodules are very common in the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. Although they can cause different problems, they're usually not cancer. You might also get a biopsy without a nodule if you're in a lot of pain and your thyroid is growing quickly.
Question: When might your doctor suggest a thyroid biopsy?
Answer: A biopsy helps your doctor find the cause of a nodule or goiter. But you don't need it for all thyroid problems. You might also get a biopsy without a nodule if you're in a lot of pain and your thyroid is growing quickly. If it's not cancer and you don't have other symptoms, you and your doctor may do âwatchful waiting.â That means follow-up visits on a schedule to check on things, like a change to a nodule or a new one showing up.
Question: What is the final word on the Glycemic Index Diet?
Answer: The Final Word The glycemic index diet was developed to help people with diabetes manage their blood sugar, and that's what it's best for. For those with diabetes or prediabetes, this diet is an important piece in the big picture of taking charge of the food you eat and staying healthy and active.
Question: How does the Glycemic Index Diet work?
Answer: Sticking to a low glycemic index diet may help prevent conditions like diabetes and heart disease. But it's not certain that this diet can help you lose weight any better or faster than a low-fat, low-carb, generally healthy diet. One study showed that people on a low-glycemic diet lost more fat than those on a high-glycemic diet with the same calories. Overall, the scientific evidence is mixed and unable to show consistent findings.
Question: What is neuropathy?
Answer: Neuropathy: Nerve damage; people who have had diabetes that is not well controlled may develop nerve damage.
Question: What is the definition of renal?
Answer: Renal: Relating to the kidneys.
Question: What is the definition of juvenile-onset diabetes?
Answer: Juvenile-onset diabetes: Former term used for type 1 diabetes.
Question: What are the adrenal glands?
Answer: Adrenal glands: Two endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys and make and release stress hormones, such as epinephrine (adrenaline), which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism; norepinephrine, which raises heart rate and blood pressure; and corticosteroid hormones, which control how the body utilizes fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals, and helps reduce inflammation. They also produce sex hormones like testosterone and can produce DHEA and progesterone.
Question: What are fats?
Answer: The results should show an elevated blood glucose of more than 200 mg/d L. Fats: Substances that help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy; they are also the main way the body stores energy. In food, there are many types of fats -- saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and trans fats. To maintain your blood cholesterol and triglyceride (lipid) levels as near the normal ranges as possible, the American Diabetes Association recommends limiting the amount of saturated fats and cholesterol in our diets. Saturated fats contribute to blood levels of LDL (''bad'') cholesterol. The amount of saturated fats should be limited to less than 10% of total caloric intake, and the amount of dietary cholesterol should be limited to 300 mg/day.
Question: What are injection sites?
Answer: Injection sites: Places on the body where people can inject insulin most easily.
Question: What is an artery?
Answer: Artery: A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body; arteries are thicker than veins and have stronger, more elastic walls. Arteries sometimes develop plaque within their walls in a process known as "atherosclerosis." These plaques can become fragile and rupture, leading to complications associated with diabetes, such as heart attacks and strokes.
Question: What is the definition of adverse effect?
Answer: Adverse effect: Harmful effect.
Question: What is ultralente insulin?
Answer: Ultralente insulin: A type of insulin that is long-acting; usually, the action of this type of insulin works for 25-36 hours after injection. This type of insulin has an onset of action four to five hours after injecting and works most powerfully at eight to 14 hours after injection. Other types of long-acting insulin include nsulin detemir ( Levemir) and iinsulin glargine ( Lantus).. Unit of insulin: The basic measure of insulin; U-100 is the most common concentration of insulin.
Question: What are fats and what role do they play in diabetes?
Answer: The results should show an elevated blood glucose of more than 200 mg/d L. Fats: Substances that help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy; they are also the main way the body stores energy. In food, there are many types of fats -- saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and trans fats. To maintain your blood cholesterol and triglyceride (lipid) levels as near the normal ranges as possible, the American Diabetes Association recommends limiting the amount of saturated fats and cholesterol in our diets. Saturated fats contribute to blood levels of LDL (''bad'') cholesterol. The amount of saturated fats should be limited to less than 10% of total caloric intake, and the amount of dietary cholesterol should be limited to 300 mg/day.
Question: What is non-insulin dependent diabetes?
Answer: Non-insulin dependent diabetes: Former term for type 2 diabetes.
Question: What is a bunion?
Answer: Bunion: Bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin and abnormalities in the joint; women are usually affected because of tight fitting or pointed shoes or high heels that put pressure on the toes, forcing the outward movement of the joint. People with flat feet or low arches are also prone to bunions. Shoes that fit well and are padded can prevent bunions from forming. Bunions may lead to other problems, such as serious infection from the big toe putting pressure on other toes.
Question: What does blood pressure mean?
Answer: Blood pressure: The measurement of the pressure or force of blood against the blood vessels (arteries); blood pressure is written as two numbers. The first number or top number is called the systolic pressure and is the measure of pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pushes more blood into the arteries. The second number, called the diastolic pressure, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. The ideal blood pressure for non-pregnant people with diabetes is 130/80 or less.
Question: What does brittle diabetes mean?
Answer: Brittle diabetes: When a person's blood sugar level often shifts very quickly from high to low and from low to high.
Question: What are adrenal glands?
Answer: Adrenal glands: Two endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys and make and release stress hormones, such as epinephrine (adrenaline), which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism; norepinephrine, which raises heart rate and blood pressure; and corticosteroid hormones, which control how the body utilizes fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals, and helps reduce inflammation. They also produce sex hormones like testosterone and can produce DHEA and progesterone.
Question: What is a urologist?
Answer: Urologist: A doctor who specializes in treatment of the urinary tract for men and women, as well as treatment of the genital organs for males.
Question: What is injection site rotation?
Answer: Injection site rotation: Changing the areas on the body where a person injects insulin; by changing the area of injection, the injections will be easier, safer, and more comfortable. If the same injection site is used over and over again, hardened areas, lumps, or indentations can develop under the skin, which keep the insulin from being used properly. These lumps or indentations are called "lipodystrophies."
Question: What is regular insulin?
Answer: Regular insulin: A type of insulin that is rapid-acting.
Question: What is a jet injector?
Answer: Jet injector: A device that uses high pressure to push insulin through the skin and into the tissue.
Question: What is polyphagia?
Answer: Polyphagia: Excessive hunger and eating; may be a sign of diabetes. When insulin levels are decreased or there is insulin resistance, the cells of the body do not get enough sugar, and hunger develops. People with polyphagia often lose weight, even though they are eating more than normal, because the excess calories are lost in the urine as sugar (glucose).
Question: What is the definition of vascular?
Answer: Vascular: Relating to the body's blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
Question: What is obesity?
Answer: Obesity: A term uses to describe excess body fat; it is defined in terms of a person's weight and height, or his/her body mass index ( BMI). A BMI over 30 is classified as being obese. Obesity makes your body less sensitive to insulin's action. Extra body fat is thought to be a risk factor for diabetes.
Question: What is laser treatment?
Answer: Laser treatment: The use of a strong beam of light (laser) to heal a damaged area; a person with diabetes might receive laser treatments to heal blood vessels in the eye.
Question: What is an anomaly?
Answer: Anomaly: Birth defects; deviation from the norm or average.
Question: What is the definition of brittle diabetes?
Answer: Brittle diabetes: When a person's blood sugar level often shifts very quickly from high to low and from low to high.
Question: What is emergency medical identification?
Answer: Emergency medical identification: Cards, bracelets, or necklaces with a written message, used by people with diabetes or other medical problems to alert others in case of a medical emergency, such as coma.
Question: What is the definition of blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure: The measurement of the pressure or force of blood against the blood vessels (arteries); blood pressure is written as two numbers. The first number or top number is called the systolic pressure and is the measure of pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pushes more blood into the arteries. The second number, called the diastolic pressure, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. The ideal blood pressure for non-pregnant people with diabetes is 130/80 or less.
Question: What is polydipsia?
Answer: Polydipsia: Excessive thirst that lasts for long periods of time; may be a sign of diabetes. Polyphagia: Excessive hunger and eating; may be a sign of diabetes.
Question: What is insulin-dependent diabetes?
Answer: Insulin-dependent diabetes: Former term used for type 1 diabetes.
Question: What is insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome?
Answer: Insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome: This syndrome is defined by a cluster of medical conditions that raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. A diagnosis is important, because you can make health improvements that lessen the risk. Insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has 3 or more of the following: Blood pressure equal to or higher than 130/85 mm Hg Fasting blood sugar (glucose) equal to or higher than 100 mg/d L Large waist circumference (a waistline of 40 inches or more for men; 35 inches or more for a woman) Low HDL cholesterol (under 40mg/d L for men; under 50 mg/d L for women) Triglycerides equal to or higher than 150 mg/d L Insulin shock: A severe condition that occurs when the level of blood sugar drops quickly.
Question: What is the glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)?
Answer: Glycated hemoglobin test ( Hb A1c): This is an important blood test to determine how well you are managing your diabetes; hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues. It can also attach to sugar in the blood, forming a substance called glycated hemoglobin or a Hemoglobin A1 C. The test provides an average blood sugar measurement over a 6- to 12-week period and is used in conjunction with home glucose monitoring to make treatment adjustments. The ideal range for people with diabetes is generally less than 7%. This test can also be used to diagnose diabetes when the Hb A1c level is equal to or greater than 6.5%.
Question: What is the definition of asymptomatic?
Answer: Asymptomatic: No symptoms; no clear sign that disease is present.
Question: What does cardiovascular mean?
Answer: Cardiovascular: Relating to the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
Question: What is a hormone?
Answer: Hormone: A chemical released in one organ or part of the body that travels through the blood to another area, where it helps to control certain bodily functions; for instance, insulin is a hormone made by the beta cells in the pancreas and when released, it triggers other cells to use glucose for energy.
Question: What is the Somogyi effect?
Answer: Somogyi effect: Also called "rebound effect," it occurs when there is an upward swing in blood sugar from an extremely low level of glucose in the blood to a very high level. It usually happens during the night and early morning hours. People who experience high levels of blood sugar in the morning may need to test their blood sugar levels in the middle of the night. If blood sugar levels are repeatedly low, addition of an evening snack or a lowering of insulin doses may be recommended.
Question: What is stevia?
Answer: Stevia: A natural sugar substitute that has no calories; Truvia is the brand name for a sweetener made from the stevia leaf.
Question: What is rapid-acting insulin?
Answer: Rapid-acting Insulin: Covers insulin needs for meals eaten at the same time as the injection; this type of insulin is used with longer-acting insulin.
Question: What is the retina?
Answer: Retina: The center part of the back lining of the eye that senses light; it has many small blood vessels that are sometimes harmed when a person has had diabetes for a long time. Retinopathy: A disease of the small blood vessels in the retina of the eye.
Question: What are triglycerides?
Answer: Triglyceride: Fats carried in the blood from the food we eat; most of the fats we eat, including butter, margarines, and oils, are in triglyceride form. Excess triglycerides are stored in fat cells throughout the body.
Question: What is insulin resistance, or metabolic, syndrome?
Answer: Insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome: This syndrome is defined by a cluster of medical conditions that raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. A diagnosis is important, because you can make health improvements that lessen the risk.
Question: What is vaginitis?
Answer: Vaginitis: An inflammation or infection of the vaginal tissues; a woman with this condition may have itching or burning or vaginal discharge. Women who have diabetes may develop vaginitis more often than women who do not have diabetes.
Question: What is human insulin?
Answer: Human insulin: Bio-engineered insulin very similar to insulin made by the body; the DNA code for making human insulin is put into bacteria or yeast cells and the insulin made is purified and sold as human insulin.
Question: What is the pancreas?
Answer: Pancreas: An organ behind the lower part of the stomach that is about the size of a hand; it makes insulin so the body can use sugar for energy.
Question: What does polydipsia mean?
Answer: Polydipsia: Excessive thirst that lasts for long periods of time; may be a sign of diabetes. Polyphagia: Excessive hunger and eating; may be a sign of diabetes.
Question: What is a vein?
Answer: Vein: A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.
Question: What does polyphagia mean?
Answer: Polyphagia: Excessive hunger and eating; may be a sign of diabetes. When insulin levels are decreased or there is insulin resistance, the cells of the body do not get enough sugar, and hunger develops. People with polyphagia often lose weight, even though they are eating more than normal, because the excess calories are lost in the urine as sugar (glucose).
Question: What are ketone bodies?
Answer: Ketone bodies: Often simply called ketones, one of the products of fat burning in the body; when there is not enough insulin, your body is unable to use sugar (glucose) for energy and your body breaks down its own fat and protein. When fat is used, ketone bodies, an acid, appear in your urine and blood. A large amount of ketones in your system can lead to a serious condition called ketoacidosis. Ketones can be detected and monitored in your urine at home using products such as Ketostix, Chemstrips, and Acetest. When your blood sugar is consistently greater than 250 mg/dl, if you are ill or if you are pregnant and have diabetes, ketones should be checked regularly.
Question: What is dehydration?
Answer: Dehydration: Large loss of body water; if a person with diabetes has a very high blood sugar level, it causes increased water loss through increased urination and therefore, extreme thirst.
Question: What is periodontal disease and how does it relate to diabetes?
Answer: Periodontal disease: Damage to the gums and tissues around the teeth; people who have diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease than people who do not have diabetes.
Question: What is an ophthalmologist?
Answer: Ophthalmologist: A doctor who treats people with eye diseases.
Question: What is a carbohydrate?
Answer: Carbohydrate: One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy; carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose (a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells).
Question: What is a unit of insulin?
Answer: Other types of long-acting insulin include nsulin detemir ( Levemir) and iinsulin glargine ( Lantus).. Unit of insulin: The basic measure of insulin; U-100 is the most common concentration of insulin. U-100 means that there are 100 units of insulin per milliliter (ml) of liquid. For the occasional patient who has severe insulin resistance, insulin is available as a U-500 form.
Question: What is polyuria?
Answer: Polyuria: Increased need to urinate often; a common sign of diabetes.
Question: What is a podiatrist?
Answer: Podiatrist: A health professional who diagnoses and treats foot problems.
Question: What is a coma?
Answer: Coma: An emergency in which a person is not conscious; may occur in people with diabetes because their blood sugar is too high or too low.
Question: What is high blood pressure?
Answer: High blood pressure: A condition when the blood flows through the blood vessels at a force greater than normal; high blood pressure strains the heart, harms the arteries, and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney problems; also called "hypertension." The goal for blood pressure in people with diabetes is less than 130/80.
Question: What are insulin receptors?
Answer: Insulin receptors: Areas on the outer part of a cell that allow insulin in the blood to join or bind with the cell; when the cell and insulin bind together, the cell can take glucose from the blood and use it for energy.
Question: What is sucralose?
Answer: Sucralose: An artificial sweetener that is 600 times sweeter than sugar; can be used in cooking. Splenda is a brand name of sucralose.
Question: What is an insulin reaction?
Answer: Insulin reaction: Another term for hypoglycemia in a person with diabetes; this occurs when a person with diabetes has injected too much insulin, eaten too little food, or has exercised without eating extra food.
Question: What is glaucoma?
Answer: Glaucoma: An eye disease associated with increased pressure within the eye; glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and cause impaired vision and blindness.
Question: What is juvenile-onset diabetes?
Answer: Juvenile-onset diabetes: Former term used for type 1 diabetes.
Question: What is late-onset diabetes?
Answer: Late-onset diabetes: Former term used for type 2 diabetes.
Question: What are exchange lists?
Answer: Exchange lists: A way of grouping foods together to help people on special diets stay on the diet; each group lists food in a serving size. A person can exchange, trade, or substitute a food serving in one group for another food serving in the same group. The lists put foods into six groups: starch/bread, meat, vegetables, fruit, milk, and fats. Within a food group, one serving of each food item in that group has about the same amount of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories.
Question: What is intermediate-acting insulin?
Answer: Intermediate-acting Insulin: Covers insulin needs for about half the day or overnight; this type of insulin is often combined with rapid- or short-acting insulin.
Question: What is sucrose?
Answer: Sucrose: Table sugar; a form of sugar that the body must break down into a more simple form before the blood can absorb it and take it to the cells.
Question: What does injection site rotation mean for diabetics?
Answer: Injection site rotation: Changing the areas on the body where a person injects insulin; by changing the area of injection, the injections will be easier, safer, and more comfortable. If the same injection site is used over and over again, hardened areas, lumps, or indentations can develop under the skin, which keep the insulin from being used properly. These lumps or indentations are called "lipodystrophies."
Question: What does metabolism mean?
Answer: Metabolism: All of the physical and chemical processes in the body that occur when food is broken down, energy is created and wastes are produced.
Question: What are oral diabetes medications?
Answer: Oral diabetes medications: Medications that people take to lower the level of sugar in the blood; oral diabetes medications are prescribed for people whose pancreas still produces some insulin. These medications are not used in diabetes during pregnancy.
Question: What does Mg/dL mean?
Answer: Mg/d L (milligrams per deciliter): Measurement that indicates the amount of a particular substance such as glucose in a specific amount of blood.
Question: What does "renal" mean?
Answer: Renal: Relating to the kidneys.
Question: What is a vitrectomy?
Answer: Vitrectomy: A procedure in which the gel from the center of the eyeball is removed because it has blood and scar tissue that blocks vision; an eye surgeon replaces the clouded gel with a clear fluid.
Question: What does adverse effect mean?
Answer: Adverse effect: Harmful effect.
Question: What is Acidosis?
Answer: Acidosis: Too much acid in the body, usually from the production of ketones like acetone, when cells are starved; for a person with diabetes, the most common type of acidosis is called "ketoacidosis."
Question: What are antibodies?
Answer: Antibodies: Proteins that the body produces to protect itself from foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses.
Question: What is blood glucose?
Answer: Blood glucose: See glucose.
Question: What is advantame?
Answer: Advantame: An FDA-approved sugar substitute similar to Aspartame; it can be used as both a tabletop sweetener and as an ingredient in cooking. Advantame can also be used in baked goods, soft drinks and other non-alcoholic beverages, chewing gum, candies, frostings, frozen desserts, gelatins and puddings, jams and jellies, processed fruits and fruit juices, toppings and syrups.