anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What complications can happen in infants or children who have rumination disorder?
Answer: Among the many potential complications associated with untreated rumination disorder in infants and children are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory problems (from vomit that is breathed into the lungs) Choking Death In most cases, infants and young children with rumination disorder will outgrow the behavior and return to eating normally.
Question: How is rumination disorder treated in infants and children?
Answer: Treatment of rumination disorder mainly focuses on changing the child's behavior. Several approaches may be used, including: Changing the child's posture during and right after eating Encouraging more interaction between mother and child during feeding; giving the child more attention Reducing distractions during feeding Making feeding a more relaxing and pleasurable experience Distracting the child when he or she begins the rumination behavior Aversive conditioning, which involves placing something sour or bad-tasting on the child's tongue when he or she begins to vomit Psychotherapy for the mother and/or family may be helpful to improve communication and address any negative feelings toward the child due to the behavior.
Question: How common is rumination disorder in babies and children?
Answer: Rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children (between 3 and 12 months), and in children with cognitive impairments. It is rare in older children, adolescents, and adults. It may occur slightly more often in boys than in girls, but few studies of the disorder exist to confirm this.
Question: Can you prevent rumination disorder?
Answer: There is no known way to prevent rumination disorder in infants and children. However, careful attention to a child's eating habits may help catch the disorder before serious complications can occur.
Question: What are symptoms of rumination disorder in infants and children?
Answer: Symptoms of rumination disorder in babies and young kids include: Repeated regurgitation of food Repeated re-chewing of food Weight loss Bad breath and tooth decay Repeated stomachaches and indigestion Raw and chapped lips In addition, infants with rumination may make unusual movements that are typical of the disorder.
Question: Do children and infants outgrow rumination disorder?
Answer: Among the many potential complications associated with untreated rumination disorder in infants and children are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory problems (from vomit that is breathed into the lungs) Choking Death In most cases, infants and young children with rumination disorder will outgrow the behavior and return to eating normally. For older children, this disorder can continue for months.
Question: What causes rumination disorder in infants and children?
Answer: The exact cause of rumination disorder is not known; however, there are several factors that may contribute to its development: Physical illness or severe stress may trigger the behavior. It may be a way for the child to gain attention. It may be a manisfestation of mental illness such as depression or anxiety Because most children outgrow rumination disorder, and older children and adults with this disorder tend to be secretive about it out of embarrassment, it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected. Several approaches may be used, including: Changing the child's posture during and right after eating Encouraging more interaction between mother and child during feeding; giving the child more attention Reducing distractions during feeding Making feeding a more relaxing and pleasurable experience Distracting the child when he or she begins the rumination behavior Aversive conditioning, which involves placing something sour or bad-tasting on the child's tongue when he or she begins to vomit Psychotherapy for the mother and/or family may be helpful to improve communication and address any negative feelings toward the child due to the behavior.
Question: What is rumination disorder?
Answer: Rumination disorder is an eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant or young child -- brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already been swallowed. To be considered a disorder, this behavior must occur in children who had previously been eating normally, and it must occur on a regular basis -- usually daily -- for at least one month. The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating. These movements may be done as the infant is trying to bring back up the partially digested food.
Question: How do doctors diagnose rumination disorder in infants and children?
Answer: The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating. If symptoms of rumination are present in an infant or child, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to look for and rule out possible physical causes for the vomiting, such as a gastrointestinal condition. Testing can also help the doctor evaluate how the behavior has affected the body by looking for signs of problems such as dehydration and malnutrition.
Question: What are symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: As time goes on, other symptoms can appear, including: Trouble focusing A hard time doing ordinary activities Feeling confused or frustrated, especially at night Dramatic mood swings -- outbursts of anger, anxiety, and depression Feeling disoriented and getting lost easily Physical problems, such as an odd walk or poor coordination Trouble communicating People with Alzheimer's might forget their loved ones.
Question: Does ApoE cause Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: Researchers aren't sure what causes this damage or how it happens, but it could be a protein in blood called Apo E (for apolipoprotein E), which the body uses to move cholesterol in the blood. There are a few types of Apo E that may be linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer's. It could be that certain forms of it cause brain damage. Some scientists think it plays a role in building the plaques in the brains of people with Alzheimer's.
Question: How long can you live with Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: More often, however, people live with it for about 9 years.
Question: What is Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: As time goes on, other symptoms can appear, including: Trouble focusing A hard time doing ordinary activities Feeling confused or frustrated, especially at night Dramatic mood swings -- outbursts of anger, anxiety, and depression Feeling disoriented and getting lost easily Physical problems, such as an odd walk or poor coordination Trouble communicating People with Alzheimer's might forget their loved ones. They might forget how to dress themselves, feed themselves, and use the toilet. The disease makes brain tissue break down over time. It usually happens to people over age 65. Some scientists think it plays a role in building the plaques in the brains of people with Alzheimer's. There is some evidence that people with high blood pressure and high cholesterol have a greater chance of getting Alzheimer's.
Question: Who gets Alzheimer's disease?
Answer: Alzheimer's is a disease that robs people of their memory. More rarely, head injuries may be a reason, too -- the more severe they are, the greater the risk of Alzheimer's later in life. Scientists are still studying many of these theories, but it's clear that the biggest risks linked to Alzheimer's disease are being older and having Alzheimer's in your family.
Question: How long do you need to take tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: You may have to take these medications for a long time. If you go off them because you feel better, your inflammation can come back. Some people can cut down their dose instead of stopping the drugs altogether. Always take your medication as your doctor prescribes.
Question: Do some people have allergic reactions to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Other possible side effects include: Coughing Headaches Heartburn Nausea or vomiting Stomach pain Weakness A few people have a serious allergic reaction. If your lips swell, you have trouble breathing, or you feel dizzy, it could be an allergic reaction. Seek emergency care right away.
Question: How can inflammation damage the body?
Answer: Inflammation that's out of control can damage your body. You might have pain or swelling or feel ill. These drugs block the action of TNF.
Question: Are tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors made in the lab?
Answer: Your doctor wil help find one that is available and that's best for you: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-adaz ( Hyrimoz), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade TNF inhibitors are antibodies made in a lab from human or animal tissue. ( Your body makes antibodies to fight off infections.) Once they're put into your blood, they cause a reaction in your immune system that blocks inflammation.
Question: What are the side effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: Like any drug, TNF inhibitors may have side effects. You may have redness, burning, or itching where the needle goes into your skin. This usually goes away in a few days. Other possible side effects include: Coughing Headaches Heartburn Nausea or vomiting Stomach pain Weakness A few people have a serious allergic reaction. If your lips swell, you have trouble breathing, or you feel dizzy, it could be an allergic reaction. Seek emergency care right away.
Question: Am I at a higher risk of getting cancer if I take tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: It's rare, but you also could be at higher risk of getting cancer if you take TNF inhibitors, including lymphoma or skin cancer. Some people may get serious brain reactions. Those with heart failure or multiple sclerosis shouldn't take these drugs.
Question: Should I take tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors during pregnancy?
Answer: You probably shouldn't take your TNF drug while pregnant because doctors don't yet know how they might affect your unborn baby. You may be able to take other treatments for your inflammation while you are pregnant.
Question: How do you take tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: Some TNF inhibitors, including Cimzia, Humira, Enbrel, Erelzi, and Simponi, are given as shots under the skin. You'll get your first one or two at your doctor's office; then your doctor or a nurse will show you how to give them to yourself. Once you get comfortable with that, pre-filled shots can be shipped to your home. Every 1 to 4 weeks, you'll inject your TNF inhibitor under the skin of your thigh or abdomen. You can use a different spot each time. Remicade, Inflectra, and Simponi Aria, a version of Simponi, are given as infusions at a clinic or your doctor's office. While you lie still, it's slowly dripped into your vein through a tube. For Remicade, each session can take around 2 hours, and you'll need treatment every 4 to 8 weeks. With Simponi Aria, the sessions last 30 minutes. After two starter doses one month apart, they're given once every 8 weeks.
Question: What should you do before taking tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: You should make sure you're up to date on all vaccines before taking TNF medications because after you start taking them, your immune system could be diminished. And you shouldn't get live viruses while taking these drugs because of possible adverse reactions and they can interfere with how well the vaccines work.
Question: How long will I need to take tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: You may have to take these medications for a long time. If you go off them because you feel better, your inflammation can come back. Some people can cut down their dose instead of stopping the drugs altogether. Always take your medication as your doctor prescribes.
Question: When should you avoid taking tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: You probably shouldn't take your TNF drug while pregnant because doctors don't yet know how they might affect your unborn baby. You may be able to take other treatments for your inflammation while you are pregnant.
Question: What should you do if one tumor necrosis factor inhibitor doesn't work well for you?
Answer: If one TNF inhibitor doesn't work well for you, your doctor may switch you to another to see if it works better.
Question: What tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are available for use?
Answer: Your doctor wil help find one that is available and that's best for you: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-adaz ( Hyrimoz), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade TNF inhibitors are antibodies made in a lab from human or animal tissue.
Question: What is a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor?
Answer: TNF inhibitors are drugs that help stop inflammation. They're used to treat diseases like rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis ( UC), and Crohn's disease. They're also called TNF blockers, biologic therapies, or anti- TNF drugs.
Question: What infections can be worsened by tumor necrosis factor inhibitors?
Answer: Your doctor probably will test you for TB and hepatitis B before you start taking a TNF inhibitor to make sure you don't have either of those without knowing it. The drugs can make the effects of those infections worse. If you need antibiotics for an infection, you may have to stop taking your TNF inhibitor until the infection is cleared up. It's rare, but you also could be at higher risk of getting cancer if you take TNF inhibitors, including lymphoma or skin cancer. Some people may get serious brain reactions. Those with heart failure or multiple sclerosis shouldn't take these drugs.
Question: What are the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors available for prescription usage?
Answer: Your doctor wil help find one that is available and that's best for you: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-adaz ( Hyrimoz), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade TNF inhibitors are antibodies made in a lab from human or animal tissue.
Question: Can I switch tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors that I use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If you need antibiotics for an infection, you may have to stop taking your TNF inhibitor until the infection is cleared up.
Question: Will I get tested for tuberculosis and hepatitis B before I start taking tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor probably will test you for TB and hepatitis B before you start taking a TNF inhibitor to make sure you don't have either of those without knowing it. The drugs can make the effects of those infections worse.
Question: Should I be up to date on all vaccines if I'm going to take tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: You should make sure you're up to date on all vaccines before taking TNF medications because after you start taking them, your immune system could be diminished. And you shouldn't get live viruses while taking these drugs because of possible adverse reactions and they can interfere with how well the vaccines work.
Question: Can I take tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors if I'm also taking antibiotics for an infection?
Answer: If you need antibiotics for an infection, you may have to stop taking your TNF inhibitor until the infection is cleared up.
Question: What are the side effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Like any drug, TNF inhibitors may have side effects. You may have redness, burning, or itching where the needle goes into your skin. This usually goes away in a few days. Other possible side effects include: Coughing Headaches Heartburn Nausea or vomiting Stomach pain Weakness A few people have a serious allergic reaction.
Question: How common is diabetic neuropathy?
Answer: Anywhere from 60%-70% of people with diabetes have some sort of neuropathy. Most get it after having the disease for 10 years or more. There are many types.
Question: What is peripheral neuropathy?
Answer: This is the most common form of diabetic joint pain. It can affect your legs, arms, hands, feet, fingers, and toes. With ongoing diabetes, joints can no longer respond like they should to the strain and stress placed on them. As a result, they sustain small traumas and even tiny breaks called microfractures.
Question: What is diabetic nerve pain?
Answer: It could be: Muscle strains or sprains A broken or dislocated bone Gout Hypothyroidism Leukemia Lupus Osteoarthritis Rickets Lyme disease Rheumatoid arthritis Your doctor might call it diabetic neuropathy. It's pain in your nerves, not in your bones. It happens when high blood sugar harms the nerve fibers. You can get it anywhere in your body, but it most often affects your legs and feet.
Question: What are causes of joint pain?
Answer: If you have it, you'll probably notice changes to your joint like: Stiffness Less range in motion Swelling Redness Tenderness or warmth A tougher time using it A difference in shape The causes of joint pain vary greatly. It could be: Muscle strains or sprains A broken or dislocated bone Gout Hypothyroidism Leukemia Lupus Osteoarthritis Rickets Lyme disease Rheumatoid arthritis Your doctor might call it diabetic neuropathy.
Question: What is joint pain and how common is it?
Answer: It's the leading cause of disability in the U. S. It affects more than 50 million adults. Often referred to as arthritis, it's broadly defined as discomfort where two or more bones meet. Though often mild, sometimes sporadic, and rarely an emergency, the pain can be severe, making it hard to move the joint.
Question: What does it feel like to have joint pain?
Answer: If you have it, you'll probably notice changes to your joint like: Stiffness Less range in motion Swelling Redness Tenderness or warmth A tougher time using it A difference in shape The causes of joint pain vary greatly.
Question: What is autonomic neuropathy?
Answer: This affects the part of your nervous system that controls your heart, lungs, bladder, digestive tract, sex organs, and eyes. It also goes after your blood vessels and can increase blood flow to your limbs.
Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy?
Answer: Symptoms include: Bladder problems, including incontinence and urinary tract infections Constipation Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Trouble swallowing Erectile dysfunction in men Vaginal dryness in women Increased or decreased sweating Lack of awareness of lower blood sugar levels Sharp drops in blood pressure Increased heart rate So if you have joint pain and one or more of the above symptoms, diabetic autonomic neuropathy might be the culprit.
Question: When should I call my doctor after treatment for prostate cancer?
Answer: When you go home from the hospital after prostate cancer treatment, call your doctor if you have: A fever higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit Increased pain not eased by pain medication Trouble urinating, such as an inability to urinate at all, pain with urination, blood in the urine (when it is not expected), or unusually frequent urination
Question: When can I start driving after prostate cancer surgery?
Answer: Small pieces of tape (called Steri- Strips), if used, may remain over the incision site and may be removed 10 to 14 days after surgery. Ask your doctor for specific advice.
Question: Why are women more prone to oral health problems?
Answer: Women may be more susceptible to oral health problems because of the unique hormonal changes they experience. Hormones affect not only the blood supply to the gum tissue but also the body's response to the toxins (poisons) that result from plaque buildup.
Question: When are women more at risk for oral health problems?
Answer: There are five situations in a women's life during which hormone fluctuations make them more susceptible to oral health problems â during puberty, at certain points in the monthly menstrual cycle, when using birth control pills, during pregnancy, and at menopause.
Question: What are tips to prevent oral health problems?
Answer: Some tips for preventing oral health problems like gum disease and tooth decay include: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Floss and rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash at least once a day. Visit your dentist twice a year for a professional oral examination and cleaning. Eat a well balanced diet. Avoid sugary or starchy snacks. Ask your dentist if he or she thinks you should use an antimicrobial mouth rinse. If you have dry mouth, ask your dentist about treatments for this condition, such as artificial saliva. Biotene is one such product and is available over the counter.
Question: Why are women more at risk for oral health problems during the use of birth control pills?
Answer: Hormones affect not only the blood supply to the gum tissue but also the body's response to the toxins (poisons) that result from plaque buildup. Use of birth control pills Women who take certain birth control pills that contain progesterone, which increases the level of that hormone in the body, may experience inflamed gum tissues due to the body's exaggerated reaction to the toxins produced from plaque. Tell your dentist if you are taking an oral contraceptive.
Question: What results can you expect from pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD?
Answer: You're usually able to do more things without becoming short of breath. In a large analysis of some programs, nearly all people in pulmonary rehab had seen their symptoms get better. Almost all of them reported feeling: Less short of breath More energetic More in control of their COPD Being in rehab may help prevent you from going to the hospital because of COPD flare-ups, or âexacerbations.â Even people with advanced lung disease can get something out of rehab. For people who keep up their exercise level, the benefits from pulmonary rehab can last for years.
Question: How does pulmonary rehabilitation help you manage your COPD?
Answer: Many pulmonary rehab programs offer group or one-on-one education sessions to help you learn to better manage your COPD. Sessions might focus on things such as: Understanding your medication treatment plan.
Question: How does pulmonary rehabilitation help with COPD?
Answer: Basically, it's a formal program that will build your fitness and help you breathe as well as you possibly can. Pulmonary rehab will help you with: Exercise Breathing techniques Nutrition Relaxation Emotional and group support Learning more about your medications Strategies for living better with COPD To join a program, you'll probably need a referral from your doctor and a test that shows you've had COPD in the past year.