anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Do symptoms of sickle cell disease vary?
Answer: These events trigger the symptoms of sickle cell disease. This is a condition called anemia. Some people have them often. And your experience may change. You'll want to work with your (or your child's) doctor to best understand the disease, what to watch out for, and how best to take care of the condition.
Question: What happens when you have sickle cell disease?
Answer: For example: The cells build up and block blood flow to organs and tissues. The cells die sooner. Sickle cells live about 10 to 20 days. Healthy red blood cells live from 90 to 120 days. Red blood cells may burst open (hemolyze). Even though your body constantly makes new red blood cells to replace the old ones, sickle cell disease may prevent your body from keeping up with the demand. These events trigger the symptoms of sickle cell disease. If they block the blood vessels in your eyes, you can develop vision problems.
Question: How is polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosed?
Answer: Under the new criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology and The European League Against Rheumatism, patients ages 50 years and older can be classified as having PMR if they meet the conditions below: Shoulder pain on both sides Morning stiffness that lasts at least 45 minutes High levels of inflammation measured by blood tests Reported new hip pain Absence of swelling in the small joints of the hands and feet, and absence of positive blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis The new classification criteria may also help to evaluate existing treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica.
Question: What is the long-term prognosis for people with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis?
Answer: With careful monitoring and appropriate treatment, most patients with polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis have a normal life span and lifestyle. Most of the time, these diseases can be successfully controlled with steroids and other drugs (including tocilizumab, a rheumatoid arthritis drug which has been touted for people who have trouble with or are nonresponsive to steroids), The success of treatment is related to prompt diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and careful follow-up to prevent or minimize side effects from the medications.
Question: What are the symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica tend to develop quickly and in addition to muscle pain, other symptoms may include: Stiffness around the shoulders and hips, especially in the morning and after resting Weakness Fatigue Generally feeling ill Mild fevers (occasionally) Weight loss About 15% of people with polymyalgia rheumatica also have temporal arteritis and about half of people with temporal arteritis also have polymyalgia rheumatica.
Question: What are the risks of long-term steroid treatment and how are they prevented?
Answer: Long-term steroid treatment (for a few months to several years) requires additional testing and monitoring. The long-term use of steroids can cause osteoporosis (bone loss), which can be detected with scans similar to X-rays. Taking supplements of calcium and vitamin D, sometimes along with prescription medication is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in people taking steroids. Discuss the potential side effects caused by your treatment with your doctor.
Question: How do steroids treat polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis?
Answer: The exact cause of these illnesses is unknown. Steroids also impair the immune system -- thus increasing the risk of infection.
Question: How is a biopsy done to diagnose throat cancer?
Answer: Common ones include: A biopsy collects a tissue sample that gets examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells. It's the only way to know for sure if a tumor is cancer and what kind it is. The procedure may be done with surgery, fine needles, or an endoscope -- a flexible tube with a camera that's lowered into the throat through your nose or mouth. A tool on the end will take the biopsy.
Question: What is oropharynx throat cancer?
Answer: This part is behind your mouth. Cancer is most likely to grow in the tonsils, the back of the tongue, or the soft palate.
Question: Are there different stages of throat cancer?
Answer: Each type of this cancer has its own rules for staging, which describes how severe the disease is.
Question: How does radiation therapy treat throat cancer?
Answer: Your treatment will depend on: The stage of your cancer Where it is Your general health Your preferences You may have one or more treatments: Radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It's given outside your body by a machine, or inside by radioactive seeds planted near the cancer. Sometimes radiation is the only treatment needed for early-stage cancers.
Question: What are the symptoms of throat cancers?
Answer: You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks.
Question: What happens if cancer in the oropharynx is found?
Answer: These include: MRI or CT scan PET scan X-rays If cancer of the oropharynx is found, the sample may be tested for HPV. Usually, someone's health outlook is better if their disease tests positive for this virus rather than being smoking-related cancer.
Question: What can you do to help your recovery from throat cancer?
Answer: Your treatment might take a lot out of you. So get enough rest, exercise when you can, and fill your plate with healthy food, like fruits and veggies. Quit tobacco and limit alcohol. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. Keep your appointments. Your doctor will follow you closely for the first few years.
Question: What are the symptoms of throat cancer?
Answer: You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks.
Question: How does surgery help treat throat cancer?
Answer: Surgery may be done through incisions with a scalpel. It may also be less invasive -- going in through the mouth with a tube called an endoscope, or with lasers or robotic techniques.
Question: How can you protect your kids from throat cancer?
Answer: You can help protect your kids from it in the future by having your children get the HPV vaccines. Kids should start the series of shots between 11 and 12 years old.
Question: What are other risk factors for throat cancer?
Answer: Other risk factors include: Gender. Men are five times more likely to get it than women. Age. Most people get diagnosed after 65. Race. African- American men are at the biggest risk. Chemical exposure. This includes being around asbestos, nickel, and sulfuric acid fumes.
Question: How are targeted therapy drugs used to treat throat cancer?
Answer: Targeted therapy drugs can starve cancer cells by blocking substances they need to grow. Your doctor can prescribe you medication to help you manage pain.
Question: What characterizes stage III throat cancer?
Answer: Stage III diseases may have gone to lymph nodes or other parts of the throat.
Question: What characterizes stage IV throat cancer?
Answer: And stage IV cancers may have spread to lymph nodes and different parts of the head, neck, or chest. The most serious stage IV cancers have traveled to distant parts of the body like the lungs or liver.
Question: How is throat cancer treated?
Answer: Learn as much as you can so you'll know what to expect. Your treatment will depend on: The stage of your cancer Where it is Your general health Your preferences You may have one or more treatments: Radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose throat cancer?
Answer: It's also called the "pharynx." These include: MRI or CT scan PET scan X-rays If cancer of the oropharynx is found, the sample may be tested for HPV. Usually, someone's health outlook is better if their disease tests positive for this virus rather than being smoking-related cancer. Doctors may use tissue from another spot in your body to rebuild parts of your throat to help you swallow.
Question: Where do throat cancers grow?
Answer: In the U. This may affect your ability to swallow, breathe, or speak normally.
Question: What puts you at risk for throat cancer?
Answer: Using tobacco for a long time. Smoking it and chewing it are the biggest risk factors for all head and neck cancers, including throat cancer. Drinking heavily and regularly. That means more than two drinks of alcohol a day if you're a man or more than one a day if you're a woman. You drive up your risk even more if you drink and you smoke. Human papillomavirus is linked to cancers in the back of the throat, including tongue and tonsil cancers. In the U. They can also show how big it is and if it has spread.
Question: How is a throat cancer diagnosed?
Answer: He might use devices to get a closer look at your throat. If the doctor thinks you may have cancer, he'll order tests and procedures depending on what kind he suspects. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer.
Question: How does throat cancer spread?
Answer: These diseases tend to grow quickly. That's why getting treated early on gives you the best chance to beat them and keep a good quality of life. Learn as much as you can so you'll know what to expect. In the U. It may also be less invasive -- going in through the mouth with a tube called an endoscope, or with lasers or robotic techniques. This may affect your ability to swallow, breathe, or speak normally.
Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat throat cancer?
Answer: But it can be used with chemotherapy or surgery to treat later-stage disease. Some chemo drugs can make radiation work better.
Question: How can I help my recovery from throat cancer?
Answer: Using tobacco for a long time. Specialists can: Show you how to care for your stoma Teach you to speak if you have no voice box Come up with ways to make swallowing or eating easier Take care of yourself. Your treatment might take a lot out of you. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. Your doctor will follow you closely for the first few years. He'll look for signs that the cancer has come back.
Question: How can isometrics help you deal with arthritis?
Answer: Some people with arthritis avoid exercise because of joint pain. However, a group of exercises called "isometrics" will help strengthen muscles without bending painful joints. Isometrics involve no joint movement but rather strengthen muscle groups by using an alternating series of isolated muscle flexes and periods of relaxation.
Question: How can exercising help with treating arthritis?
Answer: Exercise, as part of a comprehensive arthritis treatment plan, can improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and overall physical conditioning, and help you maintain a healthy weight. Once you know what type of arthritis you have and understand your symptoms, you and your doctor or physical therapist can develop a balanced program of physical activity to reduce the damaging effects of arthritis and promote optimal health.
Question: What are benefits of exercise as an arthritis treatment?
Answer: Although arthritis treatment usually includes medication, a tailored arthritis exercise program can help relieve pain and fatigue and preserve joint structure and function. Exercise also may: Help maintain normal joint movement Increase muscle flexibility and strength Help maintain weight to reduce pressure on joints Help keep bone and cartilage tissue strong and healthy Improve endurance and cardiovascular fitness To help relieve pain, people with arthritis often keep their affected joints bent -- especially those in the knees, hands, and fingers -- because it's more comfortable in that position.
Question: Can you reverse a vasectomy?
Answer: The procedure itself is simple, but reversing it is difficult, expensive, and can be unsuccessful. But, it is possible to store semen in a sperm bank to preserve the possibility of producing a pregnancy at some future date. However, doing this is costly, and the sperm in stored semen do not always remain viable (able to cause pregnancy).
Question: Who should get a vasectomy?
Answer: For all of these reasons, doctors advise that a vasectomy be undertaken only by men who are prepared to accept the fact that they will no longer be able to father a child.
Question: How long does it take to recover from a vasectomy?
Answer: After a vasectomy, you will probably feel sore for a few days. You should rest for at least one day. However, you can expect to recover completely in less than a week. Many men have the procedure on a Friday and return to work on Monday.
Question: How long does traveler's diarrhea usually last?
Answer: The typical symptoms of traveler's diarrhea include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Bloating Urgent need to have a bowel movement Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas Cramps Loss of appetite Traveler's diarrhea usually lasts from 3 to 7 days and is rarely life threatening.
Question: What is required when treating traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: The most important treatment requires the replacement of fluids and salts lost from diarrhea. This is best achieved by use of an oral rehydration solution such as the World Health Organization oral rehydration salts ( ORS) solution. ORS packets are available at stores or pharmacies in almost all developing countries. ORS is prepared by adding one packet to boiled or treated water. Packet instructions should be followed carefully to ensure that the salts are added to the correct volume of water. ORS solution should be consumed or discarded within 12 hours if stored at room temperature or within 24 hours if refrigerated.
Question: When should you call the doctor about traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine.
Question: How can I avoid traveler's diarrhea from tap water?
Answer: Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. Boiling is the most reliable method to make water safe to drink.
Question: What are side effects of Pepto-Bismol for treating traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: Side effects of Pepto- Bismol can include temporary blackening of tongue and stools, occasional nausea, constipation, and rarely, ringing in the ears. Do not take Pepto- Bismol if you have an aspirin allergy, renal insufficiency, gout, or if you are taking anticoagulants, probenecid ( Benemid, Probalan), or methotrexate ( Rheumatrex).
Question: How do you treat traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: As with all diseases, it is best to consult a doctor rather than attempting to self-medicate for traveler's diarrhea. This is especially relevant for pregnant women and children.
Question: How are antibiotics used to treat traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: Antibiotics such as cirpofloxacin ( Cipro), norfloxacin ( Noroxin), rifamycin ( Amecolo), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim ( Bactrim, Septra), and or may shorten the length of illness. The CDC does not recommend the use of most antibiotics to prevent traveler's diarrhea, with the exception of azithromycin ( Zithromax), because they can sometimes cause additional problems. Azithromycin is specificately used to treat traveler's diarrhea. Consult your doctor about taking these medications.
Question: How can you protect yourself from traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine. Avoid ice, as it may have been made from contaminated water. It is safer to drink from an unopened can or bottle than from a container that is not known to be clean and dry. Water on the surface of a beverage can or bottle may also be contaminated. Therefore, the area of a can or bottle that will touch the mouth should be wiped clean and dried. Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water.
Question: How can I use iodine to avoid traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: For disinfection with iodine, use either tincture of iodine or tetraglycine hydroperiodide tablets, such as Globaline or Potable- Aqua. These disinfectants can be found in sporting goods stores and pharmacies. Read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. If the water is cloudy, strain it through a clean cloth and double the number of disinfectant tablets added. If the water is very cold, either warm it or allow increased time for the disinfectant to work. Adding a pinch of salt or pouring water from one container to another will improve the taste.
Question: How is traveler's diarrhea treated in children and infants?
Answer: It is important for an infected person to consult a doctor about treating diarrhea in children and infants, because some of the drugs mentioned above are not recommended for children. The greatest risk for children, especially infants, is dehydration. Again, the best treatment for dehydration is the ORS solution.
Question: Where are you most likely to get traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: The risk of infection varies depending on the type of exposure -- from a fairly low risk from eating hot, cooked foods and drinking factory-sealed beverages to a higher risk from eating raw vegetables and fruits and drinking tap water. The most common culprit is a bacteria called E.coli. The typical symptoms of traveler's diarrhea include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Bloating Urgent need to have a bowel movement Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas Cramps Loss of appetite Traveler's diarrhea usually lasts from 3 to 7 days and is rarely life threatening.
Question: What precautions should I take with food to avoid traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. Unpasteurized milk and dairy products Raw meat and shellfish Food that has been cooked and is still hot is usually safe. Some fish is not guaranteed to be safe, even when cooked, because of the presence of toxins in its flesh. Tropical reef fish, red snapper, amberjack, grouper, and sea bass can occasionally be toxic at unpredictable times if they are caught on tropical reefs rather than in the open ocean. The barracuda and puffer fish are often toxic and should generally not be eaten. Seafood from the islands of the West Indies and the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans should be avoided, as it is more likely to contain toxins.
Question: What are common triggers of migraines?
Answer: Common triggers include: Lighting: Bright, flickering, or fluorescent lights can bring migraines to some people. So can glaring computer screens. Smells: You may get a migraine when faced with strong odors like perfumes, secondhand smoke, or cleaners. Different smells can affect people with migraine. Even a whiff of someone's lunch in the microwave can be a trigger. Noise: For some, loud sounds or too much noise can bring a migraine. Travel: Heading out of town for work can bring the pain. It can happen because you change how you sleep and eat when you're on the road. Stress: Many people have lots of pressure on the job. Migraines are most likely to happen when you're stressed.
Question: What can help migraines in the workplace?
Answer: A headache diary can help you look for patterns. Keep track of what was happening when your migraines started and what you think set them off. You can work with your boss or human resources department to come up with ways to make it easier to do your job.
Question: What are some conditions that can lead to erectile dysfunction?
Answer: Other options your doctor can help you explore include: Injections Suppositories Surgical penile implants Special devices, like vacuum pumps, which boost blood flow to the penis It can be linked to more serious health conditions like: High blood pressure Hardening of the arteries Diabetes It can also be linked to other medical treatments, such as: Prostate surgery Radiation therapy If your doctor can find the cause, treating that may also help you in the bedroom.
Question: If I see a urologist for erectile dysfunction, what will they ask?
Answer: The urologist will ask what happens when you have sex. This will help him know where to start. He'll use your answers to track your progress. He'll ask more questions about your health and give you a physical exam. You may have to have more blood work or an ultrasound.
Question: What if I'm concerned about talking to my doctor about my erectile dysfunction?
Answer: The best approach is just to say, " I think I may have ED." It's unlikely your doctor will feel uncomfortable. If he has trouble talking about sexual issues with you, ask him to refer you to a urologist. The doctor will start by asking about your medical history. He'll do this to learn more about your symptoms, conditions, and what medicines you're taking. The questions may seem personal. But it's important to answer them fully and honestly. The doctor needs this information to know how to treat you.
Question: What questions might my doctor ask about my erectile dysfunction?
Answer: The questions may include: Do you ever get an erection? If you do, is it firm enough to have sex? If you do start to have sex, do you then lose the erection? Does it ever come back? Can you get an erection by masturbation? Do you ever wake up with an erection? The doctor will ask if you smoke, how much alcohol you drink, and whether or not you use recreational drugs.
Question: What are medical causes of heartburn and acid reflux?
Answer: These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil