anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do I know if I have stomach cancer?
Answer: These signs typically indicate an advanced cancer. If you complain of vague symptoms such as persistent indigestion, pain, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, your doctor should order tests. The CT scan can also detect fluid in the abdomen (ascites) as well as abdominal and pelvic nodules.
Question: What is a neurologist?
Answer: Your doctor might recommend that you see one if he thinks you have an illness that needs expert care. A neurologist has at least a college degree and 4 years of medical school plus a 1 year internship and 3 years of special training in neurology. Many also spend extra time learning about a specific field, like movement disorders or pain management. Imaging tests of the brain or spine to look for tumors, brain damage, or problems with your blood vessels, bones, nerves, or discs.
Question: Where does Strep A bacteria live?
Answer: They also can create infections of the: Ear Sinuses Skin Tonsils Strep A bacteria normally live in your nose and mouth, and on your skin. Many people carry these microbes but don't get sick.
Question: How long are you contagious after getting strep throat?
Answer: You can stay contagious for up to a month if you don't get treated. Antibiotics can prevent the infection from spreading. People who take antibiotics stop being contagious after about 24 hours.
Question: How can you avoid getting strep?
Answer: This includes anyone who: Was born with an immune system problem Has HIV, AIDS, or cancer Had an organ transplant Takes medicine that suppresses the ability to fight off germs The best way to avoid strep is to stay away from anyone who looks or sounds sick. Signs can include: A sore throat Swollen glands Fever Nausea, vomiting Rash Try not to share any personal items with someone who is sick. This includes: Cups and plates Knives, forks, spoons Toothbrushes Food and drinks Wash your hands and your children's hands often. Or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Always clean your hands before you eat and after you use the bathroom.
Question: How does strep throat spread?
Answer: But when it is left untreated, it can cause complications such as: Rheumatic fever, a disease that can damage the joints and heart Kidney problems Strep throat makes the rounds when someone who has the infection coughs or sneezes. Droplets filled with bacteria spray into the air.
Question: What complications can untreated strep throat cause?
Answer: Strep throat usually isn't serious. But when it is left untreated, it can cause complications such as: Rheumatic fever, a disease that can damage the joints and heart Kidney problems Strep throat makes the rounds when someone who has the infection coughs or sneezes.
Question: How quickly do symptoms of strep throat occur?
Answer: When you get infected, you typically start to show symptoms about 2 to 5 days after you were exposed to the bacteria.
Question: What age of people are most likely to get strep throat?
Answer: And practice good hygiene so you -- and children in your care -- can stay well. People 5 to 15 years old are most likely to get strep. But adults can get it, too.
Question: Are certain people more likely to get strep?
Answer: Learn how to spot someone who may have strep so you can stay away. This includes anyone who: Was born with an immune system problem Has HIV, AIDS, or cancer Had an organ transplant Takes medicine that suppresses the ability to fight off germs The best way to avoid strep is to stay away from anyone who looks or sounds sick.
Question: What should you do to prevent getting strep throat again if you have it already?
Answer: When you get infected, you typically start to show symptoms about 2 to 5 days after you were exposed to the bacteria. You can stay contagious for up to a month if you don't get treated. People who take antibiotics stop being contagious after about 24 hours. If you have strep, here are some things you or your child can do to avoid getting sick again: Take all the medicine your doctor prescribed, even if you start to feel better.
Question: Is strep throat contagious?
Answer: It might be strep throat. The bacteria that cause strep pass easily from person to person through close contact. Learn how to spot someone who may have strep so you can stay away. And practice good hygiene so you -- and children in your care -- can stay well. Signs can include: A sore throat Swollen glands Fever Nausea, vomiting Rash Try not to share any personal items with someone who is sick.
Question: How else can you catch strep throat besides when infected people cough or sneeze?
Answer: They also can create infections of the: Ear Sinuses Skin Tonsils Strep A bacteria normally live in your nose and mouth, and on your skin. You can also catch strep when: You touch something these droplets land on -- such as a doorknob or table -- and then rub your eyes, nose, or mouth. You share personal items such as a fork or spoon, glass, or toothbrush with someone who is sick. You kiss a person who has it.
Question: What are survival rates of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: The five-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients, according to the stage of their disease at diagnosis, who live at least five years after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. Many of these patients live longer than five years. Stage I: 90%-95% Stage II: 90%-95% Stage III: 85%-90% Stage IV: about 65% Long-term health problems may occur after being treated for Hodgkin lymphoma, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, breast cancer, heart disease, thyroid disease, lung disease, lung cancer, and infertility.
Question: What is refractory or recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: Refractory disease is the term used when the disease does not respond to initial therapy. Recurrent disease means that Hodgkin lymphoma has come back after it has been treated. This may occur shortly after treatment or, less commonly, years later.
Question: What tests do I need if a biopsy reveals that I have Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: If a biopsy reveals that you do have Hodgkin lymphoma, you may need additional tests to determine the extent, or stage, of the disease. Tests include blood tests, chest X-ray, computed tomography ( CT) scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and possibly the neck, and PET scans. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scans, bone scans, spinal tap (lumbar puncture), and bone marrow studies are useful under special circumstances. These tests will reveal the stage of the Hodgkin lymphoma and determine the best type of therapy.
Question: What are the stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: Hodgkin lymphomais found in two or more lymph node areas on the same side of the diaphragm (the muscle beneath the lungs that moves up and down to help you breathe). Stage III. Hodgkinlymphoma is in lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, or the cancer may also have extended to an area or organ adjacent to the lymph node or to the spleen. Stage IV. Hodgkin lymphoma has spread to one or more organs outside the lymphatic system such as the bone marrow or liver.
Question: When is autologous stem cell transplantation done for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: In this procedure, higher doses of chemotherapy or total body irradiation are applied in an effort to destroy Hodgkin lymphoma cells that have survived standard therapy. As a side effect, the higher doses of therapy are likely to destroy normal blood and bone marrow cells. Therefore, normal bone marrow stem cells are taken from the patient's bloodstream before he or she undergoes chemotherapy or radiation. The stem cells are then frozen and saved and returned to the body intravenously after the treatment in order to repopulate the bone marrow. A new drug, brentuximab vedotin ( Adcetris), is designed to treat patients whose lymphoma has progressed after treatment with bone marrow stem cell transplantation or those who have had two chemotherapy treatments and are not eligible for transplant.
Question: How can brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) help treat Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: A new drug, brentuximab vedotin ( Adcetris), is designed to treat patients whose lymphoma has progressed after treatment with bone marrow stem cell transplantation or those who have had two chemotherapy treatments and are not eligible for transplant.
Question: What is the treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: The goal of treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma is to eradicate the lymphoma cells without damaging normal cells in order to minimize treatment side effects. Talk with your doctor about any treatment-related side effects you experience.
Question: How do I know if I have Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answer: The diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma can only be made by a tissue biopsy -- cutting a tissue sample for examination. If you have an enlarged, painless lymph node that your doctor suspects may be due to Hodgkin lymphoma, tissue will be taken for biopsy or the entire node will be removed. These tests will reveal the stage of the Hodgkin lymphoma and determine the best type of therapy.
Question: Is there anything I need to do to prepare for bioelectric therapy?
Answer: If you are taking insulin or blood-thinning medications, your doctor may give you specific instructions to follow before getting bioelectric therapy. You may be asked to fast before the procedure, and you may need to make arrangements for someone to drive you home after treatment.
Question: Other than the common cold and flu, what can cause sore throats?
Answer: Some other causes of sore throat may include: Pollution: Smoking or chemicals inside the home can cause a sore throat. Bad air pollution can also irritate it. Overuse: Yelling or speaking for a long time can strain throat muscles. Allergies: You could react to things such as mold, dust, pollen, and pet dander (tiny pieces of skin shed by animals). Strep throat: The pain of this can be so strong that it may hurt a lot when you swallow. You may also see a white or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils, which are those two clumps of tissue at the back of the throat. You should see your doctor if you think you have strep. She can swab your throat and run a test to find out if you really have it. You're likely to be prescribed antibiotics, a type of medicine that kills bacteria, if you do. Tonsillitis: Inflamed tonsils can also make your throat sore and you might have a hard time swallowing. Mononucleosis: A virus causes mono, and it's spread through saliva. That's why it's often called âthe kissing disease.â Other symptoms include fatigue, fever, headache, and swelling in your tonsils, neck, or armpits.
Question: What is the most common cause of a sore throat?
Answer: The most common reason you get a sore throat is because of a cold or flu. It may be just one of several side problems you get. Cold symptoms tend to develop slowly, but a flu tends to hit you quickly. If you are coughing, your voice is hoarse, or you have a runny nose, a cold is the most likely culprit. The common cold is less harmful than a flu, which attacks your nose, throat, and lungs. And you may get more intense symptoms, including fever, body aches, and headaches.
Question: Will resting help a sore throat?
Answer: These can include: Body aches Fever Headache Nausea or vomiting Runny nose and sneezing Stomach pains There's no instant cure for a sore throat, but there are steps you can take to make it feel better. Be sure to get lots of rest. Sleep is important in your body's fight against an infection. Give your voice a break, too. Rest your throat if it has gotten irritated from speaking too long.
Question: Which pain relievers can be used for a sore throat?
Answer: Pain relievers: Follow directions if you decide to use a pain reliever -- acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin). Make sure you read the directions on whether it should be given to kids and teens.
Question: How do you gargle for a sore throat?
Answer: Gargle with salt water: Combine one-fourth to one-half teaspoon of table salt with 4 to 8 ounces of warm water. Gargle and spit it out.
Question: Why do sore throats occur?
Answer: Usually, you have an infection to go along with it. But your throat could also get irritated by things such as dry air, heavy pollution, or tobacco smoke.
Question: What symptoms may accompany a sore throat?
Answer: Some other causes of sore throat may include: Pollution: Smoking or chemicals inside the home can cause a sore throat. These can include: Body aches Fever Headache Nausea or vomiting Runny nose and sneezing Stomach pains There's no instant cure for a sore throat, but there are steps you can take to make it feel better.
Question: What can happen when taking a potassium blood test?
Answer: Hypokalemia may also be caused by: Diarrhea Dehydration Overuse of certain medicines Sometimes, a blood sample may be poorly taken or poorly tested, which can affect the test results. To make sure of the diagnosis, your doctor might ask you to take a second blood test. Or, she might ask you to take a urine test.
Question: What can cause hypokalemia relative to a potassium blood test?
Answer: If your potassium level is high (a condition called hyperkalemia) you may have: Kidney disease (the most common cause of hyperkalemia) Addison's disease (when your adrenal glands, which are above your kidneys, are damaged and cannot make enough of an important hormone called cortisol) Type 1 diabetes Rhabdomyolysis (a disease of the muscles often related to drug and alcohol use or muscle trauma) If your potassium level is low (hypokalemia), you may have: Kidney disease Diabetic ketoacidosis Folic acid deficiency ( Folic acid is an important B vitamin that helps make new cells in your body.) Hypokalemia may also be caused by: Diarrhea Dehydration Overuse of certain medicines Sometimes, a blood sample may be poorly taken or poorly tested, which can affect the test results.
Question: How much potassium should you have?
Answer: Your body should maintain a specific amount of potassium in the blood, ranging from 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/ L).
Question: Which foods contain potassium?
Answer: Some foods with a lot of this mineral include: Avocados Bananas Beets Oranges and orange juice Pumpkins Spinach Potassium is one mineral that plays an important role in controlling the amount of fluid in the body.
Question: What is the role of potassium in your body?
Answer: Some foods with a lot of this mineral include: Avocados Bananas Beets Oranges and orange juice Pumpkins Spinach Potassium is one mineral that plays an important role in controlling the amount of fluid in the body. Another is sodium. Too much sodium -- which the body mainly gets from salt -- leads to the body retaining fluid. This can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension) and other issues. Potassium balances the effects of sodium and helps keep fluid levels within a certain range.
Question: How do you prepare for a potassium blood test?
Answer: Your doctor may ask you not to eat for at least 6 hours before the test, and to drink only water. She'll probably want to talk with you about your medical history and any medicines you're taking. Some medicines may affect the results, so she might advise you not to take them before the test.
Question: What do your potassium blood test results mean?
Answer: If your potassium level is high (a condition called hyperkalemia) you may have: Kidney disease (the most common cause of hyperkalemia) Addison's disease (when your adrenal glands, which are above your kidneys, are damaged and cannot make enough of an important hormone called cortisol) Type 1 diabetes Rhabdomyolysis (a disease of the muscles often related to drug and alcohol use or muscle trauma) If your potassium level is low (hypokalemia), you may have: Kidney disease Diabetic ketoacidosis Folic acid deficiency ( Folic acid is an important B vitamin that helps make new cells in your body.)
Question: What is a potassium blood test used for?
Answer: Kidney disease is a common cause of a high potassium level. Your doctor may want you to get a blood test to check for potassium levels if she suspects you're having health issues like: Kidney disease High blood pressure Diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious complication of diabetes) Any condition treated with diuretics (drugs that force the body to shed water and sodium and cause you to pee a lot) Other terms used to describe this test are: BMP (basic metabolic panel) Chem 7 Electrolyte panel In addition to potassium levels, the test may check your blood for chloride, sodium, and urea nitrogen ( BUN). If your potassium level is high (a condition called hyperkalemia) you may have: Kidney disease (the most common cause of hyperkalemia) Addison's disease (when your adrenal glands, which are above your kidneys, are damaged and cannot make enough of an important hormone called cortisol) Type 1 diabetes Rhabdomyolysis (a disease of the muscles often related to drug and alcohol use or muscle trauma) If your potassium level is low (hypokalemia), you may have: Kidney disease Diabetic ketoacidosis Folic acid deficiency ( Folic acid is an important B vitamin that helps make new cells in your body.)
Question: How common is asthma?
Answer: Asthma is a serious -- even dangerous -- disease that affects about 25 million Americans and causes nearly 2 million emergency room visits every year. With proper treatment, you can live well.
Question: Are asthma attack symptoms the same for everyone?
Answer: Common symptoms include: Coughing, especially at night Wheezing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Chest tightness, pain, or pressure Not every person with asthma has the same symptoms of an asthma attack. You may not have all of them, or you may have different ones at different times. They may be subtle, like having less energy. They may also vary from mild to severe between one asthma attack and the next.
Question: What is status asthmaticus or severe asthma attacks?
Answer: These prolonged asthma attacks don't respond to treatment with bronchodilators and are a medical emergency. They need immediate treatment.
Question: What are common triggers for asthma?
Answer: Common asthma triggers include: Infections like sinusitis, colds, and flu Allergens such as pollens, mold, pet dander, and dust mites Irritants like strong odors from perfumes or cleaning solutions Air pollution Tobacco smoke Exercise Cold air or changes to the weather, such as changes in temperature or humidity Strong emotions such as anxiety, laughter, crying, or stress Medications such as aspirin An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of symptoms.
Question: How many American children have asthma?
Answer: Asthma can affect you at any age, although it's more common in people under age 40. More than 20 million adult Americans, or 8.3% of the adult population, has it. Asthma in children.
Question: What are the common symptoms of an asthma attack?
Answer: Common symptoms include: Coughing, especially at night Wheezing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Chest tightness, pain, or pressure Not every person with asthma has the same symptoms of an asthma attack. An X-ray is an image of the inside of your body created by using low doses of radiation. You'll take these along with a rescue inhaler during an asthma attack.
Question: How is a heart attack diagnosed?
Answer: To diagnose a heart attack, an emergency care team will ask you about your symptoms and begin to evaluate you. The diagnosis of the heart attack is based on your symptoms and test results. The goal of treatment is to treat you quickly and limit heart muscle damage.
Question: What drugs are used during a heart attack?
Answer: Drugs used during a heart attack may include: Aspirin to prevent blood clotting that may worsen the heart attack Other antiplatelets, such as Brilinta, Effient, or Plavix, to prevent blood clotting Thrombolytic therapy ("clot busters") to dissolve any blood clots in the heart's arteries Any combination of the above Other drugs, given during or after a heart attack, lessen your heart's work, improve the functioning of the heart, widen or dilate your blood vessels, decrease your pain, and guard against any life-threatening heart rhythms.
Question: How is a cardiac catheterization used to diagnose a heart attack?
Answer: Cardiac catheterization, also called cardiac cath, may be used during the first hours of a heart attack if medications are not relieving the ischemia or symptoms. The cardiac cath can be used to directly visualize the blocked artery and help your doctor determine which procedure is needed to treat the blockage.
Question: How does the wound heal after a heart attack?
Answer: Healing of the heart muscle begins soon after a heart attack and takes about eight weeks. Just like a skin wound, the heart's wound heals and a scar will form in the damaged area. But, the new scar tissue does not contract. So, the heart's pumping ability is lessened after a heart attack. The amount of lost pumping ability depends on the size and location of the scar.
Question: What are the goals of drug therapy for a heart attack?
Answer: The goals of drug therapy are to break up or prevent blood clots, prevent platelets from gathering and sticking to the plaque, stabilize the plaque, and prevent further ischemia. These medications must be given as soon as possible (within one to two hours from the start of your heart attack) to decrease the amount of heart damage. The longer the delay in starting these drugs, the more damage can occur and the less benefit they can provide.
Question: How are future heart attacks prevented?
Answer: Your best bet to ward off future attacks are to take your medications, change your lifestyle, and see you doctor for regular heart checkups. Keep a list of your medications and bring them to each of your doctor visits.
Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack?
Answer: The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between injury and treatment. These enzymes are normally found inside the cells of your heart and are needed for their function. Troponins are proteins found inside of heart cells that are released when they are damaged by the lack of blood supply to the heart. Detecting troponin in the blood may indicate a heart attack.
Question: How is an echocardiography used to diagnose a heart attack?
Answer: So, the heart's pumping ability is lessened after a heart attack. The "echo" can also tell if any structures of the heart (valves, septum, etc.) have been injured during the heart attack.
Question: What is the final word in the Baby Food Diet?
Answer: The Final Word The Baby Food Diet may be an option if you are just trying to kick-start some weight loss. Your actual food prep is minimal unless you choose to puree your own baby food. All you need to do is pick out jars of baby food at the store. It would be far better to look into another eating plan that you can stick with and not quickly grow out of. And while you are at it, look for one that involves some age-appropriate exercise, as well.
Question: What are atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease?
Answer: Atherosclerosis -- sometimes called hardening of the arteries -- can slowly narrow the arteries throughout your body. When atherosclerosis affects arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle, it's called coronary artery disease. 1 killer of Americans. Most of those deaths are from heart attacks caused by blood clots. Half of all men who have severe atherosclerosis with no symptoms. More men than women die from coronary artery disease.