anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the follow-up care for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: Your neurologist or neurosurgeon should discuss with you and your family what to expect as time goes on. These visits allow the doctor to monitor your symptoms. Changes in symptoms may require adjustments in care.
Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain. MRI of the head : This scan uses radio signals and a strong magnet to create a detailed picture of the brain.
Question: How can obesity affect your health?
Answer: Obesity can help explain some conditions you may have, such as: High blood pressure Heart disease and stroke Type 2 diabetes High cholesterol Joint problems caused by extra weight Trouble breathing, including sleep apnea, in which you briefly stop breathing while you're asleep Gallstones The good news is that you can take steps to lose weight.
Question: How does methotrexate treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: It's the first drug most doctors prescribe after you're diagnosed. It will help ease symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, redness, and swelling. It may also help prevent damage to your organs and joints. Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time. Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug.
Question: What are some other drugs prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Or you may also take other drugs like aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose steroids, or other DMARDs. You'll probably take folic acid supplements along with methotrexate. This vitamin can help you lower your chance of certain side effects. Talk to your doctor before you take any drug or supplement. Not all drugs mix well.
Question: Is methotrexate used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Methotrexate is one of the most effective medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis ( RA). It's the first drug most doctors prescribe after you're diagnosed. It will help ease symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, redness, and swelling. It may also help prevent damage to your organs and joints.
Question: How does methotrexate treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time.
Question: How much methotrexate can I take per week to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: You will take 7.5 to 10 milligrams each week. Your doctor may raise that to 20-25 milligrams per week if needed. The pills will come with directions about how many to take and when. If you're not sure about those instructions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist.
Question: How does taking methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis affect the liver?
Answer: This drug can harm your liver. You'll visit the doctor regularly to check on how methotrexate affects your body. Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug. After that, you may get a liver test every 3 months.
Question: What are some other concerns with taking methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Methotrexate can also: Cause lung problems. Tell your doctor if you cough frequently or have shortness of breath. Make lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) more likely. Make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and don't use sunlamps or tanning beds. Cause birth defects. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate. Men should continue to use protection for 3 months after the last dose. Women should stay on birth control for at least 1 menstrual cycle after the last dose and not breastfeed while taking methotrexate.
Question: How does methotrexate work to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time. Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug. ( DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug).
Question: How is methotrexate taken in shot form?
Answer: Shots work better for some people, especially if you forget to take your pills on schedule or if the pills cause nausea. Methotrexate liquid comes in vials with a hypodermic needle or in prefilled pens with various doses. You inject the drug under the skin on your stomach or thigh. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home. If you use a prefilled pen, you'll stick the pen into your stomach or thigh and press on it to inject the drug. Try to give yourself your shot in a different spot each time. This will help you avoid skin reactions. It can take 3 to 6 weeks to start to feel your methotrexate work. It takes even longer -- 12 weeks -- to get the full effects. Your doctor will test your blood often to check on how well your treatment works and to make sure it's safe for organs such as your liver.
Question: Will my doctor test my blood when I'm using methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug.
Question: How does methotrexate affect my liver?
Answer: This drug can harm your liver. You'll visit the doctor regularly to check on how methotrexate affects your body. Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug. After that, you may get a liver test every 3 months.
Question: How long does it take to feel the effects of methotrexate on rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: It can take 3 to 6 weeks to start to feel your methotrexate work. It takes even longer -- 12 weeks -- to get the full effects.
Question: Are there specific concerns with taking methotrexate if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Methotrexate can also: Cause lung problems. Tell your doctor if you cough frequently or have shortness of breath. Make lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) more likely. Make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and don't use sunlamps or tanning beds. Cause birth defects. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate. Men should continue to use protection for 3 months after the last dose. Women should stay on birth control for at least 1 menstrual cycle after the last dose and not breastfeed while taking methotrexate.
Question: Are there other drugs besides methotrexate that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug. ( DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug). You'll probably take folic acid supplements along with methotrexate. This vitamin can help you lower your chance of certain side effects. Talk to your doctor before you take any drug or supplement. Not all drugs mix well.
Question: What are some steps to stay well while taking methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: So take these steps to stay well: Try to avoid people with infections like colds or flu. Wash your hands regularly. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough. Don't take live vaccines like the nasal flu mist, measles, mumps, or shingles shots while you take methotrexate. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate.
Question: What are the side effects of methotrexate?
Answer: He can adjust your dose so you feel better. Minor side effects should lessen over time. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough.
Question: How is methotrexate taken in pill form?
Answer: You will take 7.5 to 10 milligrams each week. Your doctor may raise that to 20-25 milligrams per week if needed. The pills will come with directions about how many to take and when. If you're not sure about those instructions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist. Shots work better for some people, especially if you forget to take your pills on schedule or if the pills cause nausea. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home.
Question: How do people take methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: You can take methotrexate in either pills or shots. Methotrexate liquid comes in vials with a hypodermic needle or in prefilled pens with various doses. You inject the drug under the skin on your stomach or thigh. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home. If you use a prefilled pen, you'll stick the pen into your stomach or thigh and press on it to inject the drug. Try to give yourself your shot in a different spot each time. This will help you avoid skin reactions.
Question: How can cutting back on dietary salt/sodium help treat prehypertension?
Answer: A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.
Question: Who is at risk for prehypertension?
Answer: Nearly half of all adults older than age 18 have prehypertension or hypertension, as measured by average of two or more readings at two or more doctor's visits. According to the American Heart Association, 59 million people in the U. S. have prehypertension. People with prehypertension may have a greater risk for other cardiovascular disease ( CVD) risk factors. These risk factors -- such as high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes -- are seen more in people with prehypertension than in those with normal blood pressure.
Question: Is prehypertension a result of aging?
Answer: You may wonder if high blood pressure happens with aging, but experts say no. Some populations across the globe have minimal rise in blood pressure with aging. In some parts of Mexico, the South Pacific, and other parts of the world, people have very low salt intake. In these areas, the age-related rise in blood pressure is small compared with the U. S. Prehypertension is a warning sign.
Question: How can eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy treat prehypertension?
Answer: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and low-fat dairy . This[ TM1] diet is low in sodium and high in potassium, magnesium, calcium, protein, and fiber. A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.
Question: How can losing weight if you're overweight treat prehypertension?
Answer: Being overweight increases the risk of high blood pressure. Studies show high blood pressure can be lowered and prevented with the DASH diet.
Question: How can eating a plant-based or vegetarian diet help treat prehypertension?
Answer: A low-sodium diet can lower high blood pressure -- or prevent it. Increase servings of fruits and vegetables by adding one serving at a time. You can add a serving of fruit at lunchtime. Then add a serving of vegetables at dinner. Talk to your doctor about your blood pressure. Ask if diet and exercise can help lower your risk of getting high blood pressure.
Question: How closely should I monitor my blood pressure?
Answer: Exercise regularly. Know your blood pressure number. Let your doctor know if your blood pressure number is higher. You can monitor your blood pressure between doctor's visits with a home blood pressure monitor. Or, you can use an electronic blood pressure monitor at your local pharmacy, grocery store, or fire station.
Question: Can strength training lower my triglycerides?
Answer: Choose any of these: Basketball Bicycling Elliptical Jogging at a steady pace Jumping rope Kickboxing Racquetball Soccer Spinning Step aerobics Stair climbing (traditionally or on a machine) Swimming Tennis Walking briskly Zumba While working with weights hasn't been shown to lower triglycerides, it can still boost the results of aerobic exercise. Stronger muscles burn more calories all day, not just after a workout. And burning calories results in weight loss, which lowers triglycerides. If you've never lifted weights, learn proper form from a professional so you don't hurt yourself.
Question: Can exercise really help lower triglycerides?
Answer: Do that 5 days a week, and your overall numbers may drop while your good cholesterol will rise. Squeeze in 10 minutes of exercise, and build up to several times a day.
Question: When should you see a doctor about the symptoms of breast cancer?
Answer: Many of the symptoms of breast cancer can also be symptoms of something else. Only your doctor can tell for sure. If you have any of these, make an appointment with your doctor. A lump in the breast or armpit Thickening of breast skin or tissue that lasts through your period A change in the size, shape, or contour of the breast Clear or bloody fluid coming from the nipple A change in how the skin on your breast or nipple looks or feels. It may look dimpled, puckered, scaly, or inflamed. Redness of your breast or nipple An area on your breast that clearly looks different from any other A hard, marble-like area under the skin Your doctor will do tests to find out the cause.
Question: What are corticosteroids for the treatment of uveitis?
Answer: You may know these as steroids. They're probably the first treatment you'll try. They block a chemical that causes inflammation. They can be given in a few different forms.
Question: What are some immunosuppressants that treat uveitis?
Answer: They include: Azathioprine Cyclosporine Methotrexate Mycophenolate You may need to have blood tests regularly while you take these. This would be to watch for serious side effects, like liver damage.
Question: What are the long term problems of oral steroids that treat uveitis?
Answer: They can include: Weight gain Acne Anxiety Mood changes Sleeplessness In the long term, they can cause more serious problems like: Osteoporosis Cataracts Glaucoma Diabetes Because of all this, you'll take the lowest dose you need, and only for as long as you have to.
Question: What are the side effects of oral steroids that treat uveitis?
Answer: If you take steroid pills for a short time, you may have side effects. They can include: Weight gain Acne Anxiety Mood changes Sleeplessness In the long term, they can cause more serious problems like: Osteoporosis Cataracts Glaucoma Diabetes Because of all this, you'll take the lowest dose you need, and only for as long as you have to.
Question: What biologics can treat uveitis?
Answer: Biologics your doctor may prescribe include: Abatacept ( Orencia) Adalimumab ( Humira) Daclizumab ( Zinbryta) Infliximab ( Remicade) Rituximab ( Rituxan) These drugs can make it harder for you to fight off infections. They also may raise your chance of having certain types of cancer.
Question: How do shots treat uveitis?
Answer: You may need these if your uveitis is in the middle or back of your eye, or if your eye drops don't work. The good news is that you may only need one shot. The bad news is that you'll get it in your eye, usually on the side. Your eye doctor can give you drops to numb the area so you don't feel the shot.
Question: How do pills treat uveitis?
Answer: If your uveitis doesn't respond to drops or shots, oral steroids are an option. They can also work if you have disease in the back of your eye. They're much stronger than other forms of steroids. Take your steroid pills for as long as your doctor says. Your dose will get smaller toward the end of your treatment. If the pills don't work, you'll probably try something else.
Question: What can treatment for uveitis do?
Answer: Your treatment plan should include things to control your inflammation. Treatment can also: Ease eye pain Prevent the damage to your eyes from getting worse Help get back eyesight you've lost What your doctor will prescribe depends on what kind of uveitis you have, where it is in your eye, and if you have it in both eyes. If your first course doesn't work well, your doctor can switch you to something else.
Question: What can treat the symptoms of uveitis?
Answer: They won't treat the cause of your uveitis: Drugs for mild pain, like ibuprofen A warm towel over your eye to ease aches Sunglasses in bright or harsh light to cut glare
Question: How does a vitrectomy treat uveitis?
Answer: Your eye surgeon can take out part of the gel inside your eye, known as your vitreous humor. Air, gas, or liquid is pumped in to replace what your surgeon takes out, but your eye will eventually fill up the space with its own fluid. You can have this under either local or general anesthesia.
Question: What are biologic drugs that treat uveitis?
Answer: You may need these if your uveitis is in the middle or back of your eye, or if your eye drops don't work. In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation.
Question: When can uveitis occur?
Answer: In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation. Biologic drugs target certain parts of your immune system to stop inflammation. Your eye surgeon can take out part of the gel inside your eye, known as your vitreous humor.
Question: Why is it important to treat uveitis right away?
Answer: Take your steroid pills for as long as your doctor says. It's used on uveitis in the back of the eye that's harder to treat.
Question: What is TORCH syndrome?
Answer: TORCH syndrome may sound like a single illness, but actually it stands for a group of infectious diseases that can cause problems -- some serious -- for your unborn baby: Toxoplasmosis Other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth disease) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex If you get one of the TORCH infections while you're pregnant, and it spreads through your blood to your baby, he can get it, too.
Question: Can herpes simplex spread to a baby?
Answer: This is rare. You could have a genital outbreak during delivery. This is the most common way babies are infected. He can also get herpes while he is a newborn.
Question: Can HIV spread to a baby before birth?
Answer: Almost all U. S. children under age 13 who have HIV got it from their mothers during pregnancy. If you are HIV-positive, tests might not show that your baby has it at birth, but it can show up later, even after he is 6 months old. He might have symptoms like delayed growth, pneumonia, or swollen lymph nodes and abdomen. If you have HIV and are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, anti-retroviral medications can help lower your chances of passing the virus on to your baby.
Question: What is toxoplasmosis and can it pass to a baby before birth?
Answer: If you're pregnant, you can pass it to your unborn child. This is rare. The greatest risk to your baby is if you get your first outbreak of herpes while you're pregnant.
Question: Does rubella affect a baby before birth?
Answer: If you're pregnant and get rubella in your first trimester, it's likely that you'll pass it on to your baby. It can be very serious -- you could have a miscarriage, or your baby could have severe birth defects. The first 3 months of your pregnancy is when rubella can cause the most problems in your baby's development. That's why it's important to tell your doctor right away if you think you might have gotten it. If you're thinking of becoming pregnant and you haven't already had the MMR vaccine, you should get it at least 28 days before you conceive.
Question: Can syphilis affect a baby before birth?
Answer: Pregnant women in the first or second stage of this sexually transmitted disease ( STD) pass it to their babies 75% of the time if it's not treated. Syphilis is caused by bacteria and can create serious problems during a baby's development. Babies born with syphilis can have misshaped bones, anemia, meningitis, skin rashes, and nerve problems that can cause blindness and deafness. If you're pregnant, you should be tested for syphilis. If you test positive, your doctor can treat it with antibiotics.
Question: What tests are used to check for conditions that can cause muscular dystrophy?
Answer: The doctor may use different tests to check for conditions that can cause muscle weakness. Blood tests.
Question: What are clinical trials for muscular dystrophy?
Answer: Scientists also are looking for new ways to treat muscular dystrophy in clinical trials. These trials test new drugs to see if they are safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for your child.
Question: What are the symptoms of muscular dystrophy?
Answer: For most types of muscular dystrophy, symptoms start to show up in childhood or in the teen years. In general, children with the condition: Fall down often Have weak muscles Have muscle cramps Have trouble getting up, climbing stairs, running, or jumping Walk on their toes or waddle Some will also have symptoms like: A curved spine (called scoliosis) Droopy eyelids Heart problems Trouble breathing or swallowing Vision problems Weakness in the muscles of the face Your doctor will need to check different parts of your child's body to know if he has muscular dystrophy.
Question: When should you seek emergency help for thunderclap headaches?
Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain.
Question: What activities could trigger a thunderclap headache?
Answer: Narrowed blood vessels surrounding the brain Inflamed blood vessels Extremely high blood pressure in late pregnancy Some activities such as the following could trigger a thunderclap headache: Hard physical labor Taking certain drugs, including illegal ones Hitting warm or hot water too fast, such as when you first enter a shower or bath Your doctor will probably ask you questions, like: Have you had other headaches like this?
Question: When should I seek emergency help for a thunderclap headache?
Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain.
Question: What are thunderclap headaches like?
Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain. Describe the headaches and their symptoms How severe were your headaches?
Question: What is the treatment for a thunderclap headache?
Answer: Arteries are vessels that supply blood to your brain. Your doctor will also use tests like: CT scan of the head. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). Thunderclap headache treatment depends on what's causing the pain.
Question: What are the signs of early puberty?
Answer: It's the timing that's different. Signs include: In girls Breast development (which is often the first sign) Menstruation (typically not until two to three years after the earlier symptoms start) In boys Growth of the testicles, penis, and scrotum A deepening voice (usually late signs of puberty) Growth spurts are another sign of early puberty in both boys and girls.
Question: How early does puberty happen?
Answer: Many experts say that, on average, puberty is starting earlier in the U. S. than it did in the past. The average age of menstruation has stayed roughly the same. Yet studies suggest that early signs -- like breast development -- are happening a year earlier than they did decades ago.
Question: What causes central precocious puberty?
Answer: Underlying causes are equally common in boys and children under age 6, especially if puberty is advancing rapidly. They can include: Tumors and other growths, which are often benign Brain injury, either from surgery or a blow to the head, that affects hormonal balances Inflammation of the brain, sometimes from an infection That probably looks like a worrisome list. Just remember that only in a small number of cases in boys is central precocious puberty caused by a medical problem. In girls, it is extremely rare for a medical problem to be the cause.