anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What medications are used to treat depression?
Answer: Lack of sleep caused by another medical illness or by personal problems can make depression worse. Medications used to treat depression include antidepressants such as: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), like Zoloft, Prozac, Celexa and Paxil; these medications can perform double duty for patients by helping them sleep and elevating their mood, though some people taking these drugs may have trouble sleeping. Tricyclic antidepressants (including Pamelor and Elavil) Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like Effexor, Pristiq, Khedezla, Fetzima, or Cymbalta, that affect the functioning of brain circuits involved in mood regulation that communicate using chemicals such as serotonin and norepinephrine Novel antidepressants such as bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Some of the most effective types of psychotherapy for depression are cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.
Question: Who should you talk to if you or your loved one has clinical depression and a life-threatening illness?
Answer: If you see these signs in a loved one, or find that you're experiencing them yourself, it's important to talk with your doctor or someone else on your care team about them. Get immediate medical help if you or a loved one is having thoughts of suicide. Clinical depression in someone who is dying can be treated.
Question: Are people with life-threatening illnesses more likely to be depressed?
Answer: True, people facing a serious illness are more likely than healthy people to suffer depression or anxiety. One study of terminally ill cancer patients, for example, found that at least 17% were clinically depressed. Other research points to even higher numbers of people with terminal illness meeting the criteria for major depression.
Question: What are signs you or your loved one may have clinical depression due to a life-threatening illness?
Answer: Here are some of the signs that you or your loved one may be experiencing clinical depression: You don't feel like doing the activities you normally enjoy, even if they are things you can still physically do. Even when you do participate in things you once enjoyed, you find that you are getting little pleasure out of them. You have major changes in sleeping or eating habits -- sleeping or eating much more, or much less, than usual. ( These symptoms can sometimes be the side effects of certain medications or treatments.) You withdraw from your friends and family. You think or talk seriously about suicide.
Question: If you have life-threatening illness, why is talking about it important?
Answer: Much anxiety near the end of life may stem from not talking. Both the dying person and the people around the dying person are often reluctant to talk about what is happening because of how they think doing so will affect the other. Your palliative care team can help the family talk calmly and not be alarmist about the process, dispelling a lot of the anxiety and making it easier on everyone.
Question: How can clinical depression be treated?
Answer: The most effective treatments for clinical depression usually combine short-term psychotherapy with antidepressant medications as needed.
Question: What if you are feeling grief and anxiety rather than depression from a life-threatening illness?
Answer: In this case you might not need medications for anxiety or depression, but that doesn't mean your care team can't help. The social worker and other members of the palliative care team can answer questions, work with you through talk therapy, and help you live as well as you are able for as long as you can.
Question: What is true clinical depression due to a life-threatening illness?
Answer: Experts point out that it's perfectly natural to feel scared, sad, and anxious about death and the dying process. True clinical depression, however, goes beyond this usual sadness and anxiety. ( These symptoms can sometimes be the side effects of certain medications or treatments.)
Question: How is central pain syndrome treated?
Answer: Central pain syndrome is characterized by a mixture of pain sensations, the most prominent being a constant burning.
Question: What are symptoms of central pain syndrome?
Answer: The steady burning sensation is sometimes increased by light touch. Pain also increases in the presence of temperature changes, most often cold temperatures. A loss of sensation can occur in affected areas, most prominently on distant parts of the body, such as the hands and feet. There may be brief, intolerable bursts of sharp pain on occasion.
Question: What does a low CO2 level in a bicarbonate blood test mean?
Answer: A normal result is between 23 and 29 mmol/ L. A low CO2 level can be a sign of several conditions, including: Kidney disease Diabetic ketoacidosis, which happens when your body's blood acid level goes up because it doesn't have enough insulin to digest sugars Metabolic acidosis, which means your body makes too much acid Addison's disease, a rare condition that affects the hormone-producing adrenal glands Ethylene glycol poisoning. This sweet-tasting chemical is in antifreeze, detergents, paints, and other household products. Aspirin overdose High CO2 in blood may point to: Lung diseases like COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Dehydration Anorexia Adrenal gland problems, such as Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome
Question: What nonprescription meds help with back pain?
Answer: Ibuprofen ( Advil, Nuprin, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve) are excellent medications for the short-term treatment of low back pain. Because of the risk of ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding, talk with your doctor before using these medications, especially if you have any medical problems or take any other medicines. Acetaminophen can also be effective in relieving pain. Topical agents such as âdeep heating rubsâ may provide relief for some people. Some people seem to benefit from the use of ice or heat.
Question: What are some basic tips for taking care of back pain at home?
Answer: General recommendations are to gradually increase your activity to tolerance as soon as possible. Bed rest is usually not advised for more than a day or two. Stretching or activities that place additional strain on the back are also discouraged.
Question: Is bed rest good for caring for back pain?
Answer: Most experts agree that prolonged bed rest is associated with a longer recovery period. Further, people on bed rest are more likely to develop depression, blood clots in the legs, and decreased muscle tone. Very few experts recommend more than a 48-hour period of decreased activity or bed rest. In other words, get up and get moving to the extent you can.
Question: What are other ways to combat fatigue from prostate cancer?
Answer: Other ways to combat fatigue include: Maintaining good nutrition; extra B vitamins seem to help lessen fatigue during radiation treatments.
Question: What factors contribute to fatigue related to prostate cancer?
Answer: More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue. Several other factors could contribute to fatigue, including: Tumor cells compete for nutrients, often at the expense of the normal cells' growth. Decreased nutrition from the side effects of treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, taste changes, heartburn, or diarrhea) can also cause fatigue. Cancer treatments, specifically chemotherapy, can cause reduced blood counts, which may lead to anemia, a blood disorder that occurs when the blood cannot adequately transport oxygen through the body. When tissues don't get enough oxygen, fatigue can result. Medicines used to treat side effects such as nausea, pain, depression, anxiety, and seizures can also cause fatigue. Research shows that chronic, severe pain increases fatigue. Stress can worsen feelings of fatigue. Stress can result from dealing with the disease and the "unknowns," as well as from worrying about daily tasks or trying to meet others' needs. Fatigue may result when you try to maintain your normal daily routines and activities during treatments. Modifying your schedule and activities can help conserve energy. Depression and fatigue often go hand-in-hand. It may not be clear which started first. One way to sort this out is to try to understand your depressed feelings and how they affect your life. If you are depressed all the time, were depressed before your cancer diagnosis, or are preoccupied with feeling worthless and useless, you may need treatment for depression.
Question: What is fatigue related to prostate cancer?
Answer: It is not predictable by tumor type, treatment, or stage of illness. Usually, it comes on suddenly, does not result from activity or exertion, and is not relieved by rest or sleep. It may continue even after treatment is complete. Getting moderate exercise on a regular basis Learning to manage stress Although cancer-related fatigue is a common, and often an expected side effect of cancer and its treatments, you should feel free to mention your concerns to your health care providers.
Question: What can you do to combat fatigue from prostate cancer?
Answer: Some treatments may help improve fatigue caused by an underactive thyroid or anemia. Other causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis. Fatigue may be a clue to an underlying medical problem. Other times, there may be treatments to help control some of the causes of fatigue.
Question: How can you conserve energy to help with fatigue from prostate cancer?
Answer: You can conserve your energy in several ways. Here are some suggestions: Plan ahead and organize your work. Schedule rest. Balance periods of rest and work. Practice proper body mechanics. Limit work that requires reaching over your head. Limit work that increases muscle tension. Identify the effects of your environment. Prioritize your activities.
Question: Can artificial nails cause allergic reactions?
Answer: Issues you should watch for include: Allergic reaction: The chemicals used to attach or remove artificial nails can irritate your skin. You may see redness, pus, or swelling around your fingernails.
Question: What are some safety tips for using artificial nails?
Answer: If you've had nail fungus before, stay away from artificial nails. Don't use them to cover up nail problems. Get nails that can be soaked off instead of filed off. Ask your manicurist not to cut or push back the cuticles too much. They help guard against infections. Pick a salon that hardens gel polish with LED lights, which have smaller amounts of UV light. Apply a broad-spectrum ( UVA/ UVB) sunscreen to your hands before you go under the lights. Use cream moisturizer on your nails, especially after you soak them in acetone. Take a break from artificial nails every couple of months.
Question: Can artificial nails weaken your natural nails?
Answer: This chemical is very drying to your real nails and can irritate your skin. Some artificial nails must be filed off. That can make your natural nails thin, brittle, and weak. Use cream moisturizer on your nails, especially after you soak them in acetone.
Question: Is stem cell therapy approved to treat heart failure?
Answer: It's not approved to treat heart failure, yet. You can get it through a clinical trial. That's when the research moves from the lab to the hospital to see if a treatment is safe and if it works. If you want to try stem cell therapy, ask your doctors if there are studies that may be a good fit for you.
Question: How are stem cells used to treat heart failure?
Answer: Doctors are testing several different methods of giving people stem cells: Intramyocardial injection: Cells go right into the heart muscle, usually during another procedure like open-heart surgery, bypass surgery, or implanting a pacemaker. Intracoronary infusion: A catheter puts cells into your coronary artery. It goes into a large blood vessel in your groin and threaded through your heart. Intravenously: Cells go right into the bloodstream through a needle placed in a vein.
Question: How can I find a right nursing home?
Answer: They often include: Room and board Help with medication Personal care (including dressing, bathing, and using the toilet) 24-hour emergency care Social and recreational activities It takes time to research them and find one you like. So start your search for one long before you'll need to move to a facility. You may have to get on a waiting list, especially if you're using government funding such as Medicaid. Also, if you plan ahead, you can make the transition of moving much easier.
Question: Should I talk with other about the services I'll need for a nursing home?
Answer: Talk with your family and caregivers about the services you'll need. Think about the ones that are important to you before you start calling different nursing homes.
Question: What is Medicaid?
Answer: This is a joint federal/state health insurance program that provides medical care benefits to low-income Americans who qualify. The program covers nursing home care, but eligibility and covered services vary a lot from state to state.
Question: What questions about food service should I ask about a nursing home
Answer: Food Service How often does the center provide meals? What's a typical menu? Are there set meal times? Is the food hot and appetizing? Are snacks available? What if residents need special foods? Is it easy to get to drinking water from anywhere in the facility? Are there group dining areas, or do residents eat meals in their rooms? Are there staff who can assist residents who need help with eating?
Question: What questions should I look for in the facility of a nursing home?
Answer: Facility Does the nursing home offer the level of care you need, such as skilled care? Does it meet local or state licensing requirements? Does the administrator have an up-to-date license? What are the visiting hours? What's the policy on insurance and personal property? How does the staff respond to a medical emergency?
Question: What is private long-term care insurance?
Answer: You can purchase this health insurance option to supplement Medicare coverage. Private long-term care insurance policies vary greatly. Each has its own rules for eligibility, restrictions, costs, and benefits.
Question: What questions about medication and health care should I ask about a nursing home?
Answer: Medication and Health Care What is the policy on storing medication and helping residents take it? Can residents take their meds themselves? Who coordinates visits from physical, occupational, or speech therapists? Does a doctor or nurse visit the resident regularly to give checkups?
Question: What services do nursing homes offer?
Answer: They often include: Room and board Help with medication Personal care (including dressing, bathing, and using the toilet) 24-hour emergency care Social and recreational activities It takes time to research them and find one you like.
Question: What are the two types of care provided at nursing homes?
Answer: You may reach a point when you need a lot of extra help to take care of yourself and everyday tasks. Skilled care includes help from trained health professionals, like a registered nurse, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and respiratory therapists.
Question: What questions should I ask myself when deciding a nursing home?
Answer: How often do I need help? Before you schedule a visit to the nursing homes that interest you, ask about vacancies, admission requirements, the level of care they offer, and if they accept government-funded health insurance options. How often do they assess residents?
Question: How can I pay for a nursing home?
Answer: Talk with your family and caregivers about the services you'll need. Not all facilities accept each form of payment, so it's important to ask the staff which options they take when you're researching nursing homes. Medicaid.
Question: What are your chances of getting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) if one parent has the disease?
Answer: That's why this kind of PKD is called âautosomal dominant,â meaning only one parent has to pass on a broken gene. If one parent has the disease, each child has a 50-50 chance of getting it. You can get ADPKD even if neither of your parents had the disease. This happens when one of your PKD genes gets a defect on its own. But it's rare for someone to get it this way.
Question: What happens if your cysts from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) grow big enough to damage your kidneys?
Answer: Other signs that you have ADPKD include: Pain in your back or sides, often because of a burst cyst, a kidney stone, or a urinary tract infection Blood in your pee Swelling in your belly as the cysts grow Over time, cysts may grow big enough to damage your kidneys, and for some people, can cause them to fail. If that happens, you may have: Fatigue The need to pee often Irregular periods Nausea Shortness of breath Swollen ankles, hands, and feet Erectile dysfunction If your doctor thinks there's a problem with your kidneys, she may want you see a nephrologist, a specialist who treats kidney diseases.
Question: What is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
Answer: That can cause health problems like high blood pressure, infections, and kidney stones. It can also cause kidney failure, although that doesn't happen to everyone. You can have ADPKD and not know it for many years. It's often called âadult PKD,â because the symptoms don't usually appear until people reach ages 30 to 40. But over time, ADPKD can start to damage your kidneys. Other signs that you have ADPKD include: Pain in your back or sides, often because of a burst cyst, a kidney stone, or a urinary tract infection Blood in your pee Swelling in your belly as the cysts grow Over time, cysts may grow big enough to damage your kidneys, and for some people, can cause them to fail. What can I do to keep my kidneys working?
Question: What causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
Answer: A problem with either gene causes kidney cells to grow out of control and form cysts. This happens when one of your PKD genes gets a defect on its own. People with a defect in the PKD1 gene tend to get kidney failure before those with a problem in PKD2.
Question: How can you prevent the complications of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
Answer: Depending on the type of ADPKD you have, you can lead an active life for many years by managing your symptoms and working with your doctor. There's not a cure, but scientists are doing research to look for new treatments. Exercise can help control your weight and blood pressure.
Question: Can moisturizer help venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: A moisturizer can help with dry skin and keep the area soft. Choose one that has no fragrance, dyes, or perfumes so it doesn't irritate your skin. Petroleum jelly and thick creams can be good options.
Question: What are ways to get fluid moving in your legs?
Answer: Because circulation is the main issue, your doctor may suggest surgery to repair your veins. Whether or not that is an option, there are other ways to get the fluid moving in your legs: Wear compression stockings. They ease swelling and improve blood flow. Keep your feet elevated above your heart. When you can, do it for 15 minutes every 2 hours and while you sleep. Don't stand still for too long. Walk around often.
Question: What are other symptoms of venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: Other symptoms can include: The skin around or above your ankles looks reddish, yellowish, or a brown color Varicose veins, which look twisted, bulging, and dark purple or blue Itching Pain Sores that ooze, crust, or look scaly Thickened skin around your ankles or shins Hair loss on ankles or shins The condition often affects people who have circulation problems.
Question: What are some conditions that make you more likely to get venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: Some conditions that make you more likely to get venous stasis dermatitis include: High blood pressure Varicose veins Being very overweight Heart conditions such as congestive heart failure Kidney failure A blood clot, especially in your leg Many pregnancies Past surgery or injury in the area You also may be more likely to have it if you usually stand or sit for long periods of time or you don't get much exercise.
Question: How can you treat pain, redness, or swelling from venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: To treat pain, redness, or swelling, your doctor may give you a steroid or other medicine to rub on your ankles and legs. An antihistamine pill or cream might help if your legs are itchy. You might need to wrap the area with a medicated dressing to help it heal. If you have an infection, your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic pill or cream.
Question: What is venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: The veins in your legs have one-way valves that help blood move through. Take care of your skin.
Question: What causes venous stasis dermatitis?
Answer: Venous stasis dermatitis happens when there's a problem with your veins, usually in your lower legs, that keeps blood from moving through very well. Their job is to push blood up your legs. As you get older or have other health problems, the valves may not work like they should. This is called venous insufficiency.
Question: What foods are rich in beta carotene and other carotenoids?
Answer: Beta-carotene and other carotenoids: apricots, asparagus, beets, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, corn, green peppers, kale, mangoes, turnip and collard greens, nectarines, peaches, pink grapefruit, pumpkin, squash, spinach, sweet potato, tangerines, tomatoes, and watermelon Vitamin C: berries, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, cauliflower, grapefruit, honeydew, kale, kiwi, mango, nectarine, orange, papaya, snow peas, sweet potato, strawberries, tomatoes, and red, green, or yellow peppers Vitamin E: broccoli (boiled), avocado, chard, mustard and turnip greens, mangoes, nuts, papaya, pumpkin, red peppers, spinach (boiled), and sunflower seeds These foods are also rich in antioxidants: Prunes Apples Raisins Plums Red grapes Alfalfa sprouts Onions Eggplant Beans Other antioxidants that can help keep you healthy include: Zinc: oysters, red meat, poultry, beans, nuts, seafood, whole grains, some fortified cereals (check the ingredients to see if zinc has been added), and dairy products Selenium : Brazil nuts, tuna, beef, poultry, fortified breads, and other grain products Cooking tip: To get the biggest benefits of antioxidants, eat these foods raw or lightly steamed.
Question: Do beta carotene supplements help treat heart disease?
Answer: There's also no proof that beta-carotene supplements can fight heart disease. Some studies show that people who smoke or drink heavily and take beta-carotene supplements are actually more likely to get it.
Question: Do antioxidant supplements help prevent heart disease?
Answer: If you're thinking about taking supplements, keep in mind they don't offer the same benefits as the antioxidants you get from food. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF) says there's not enough evidence to show that multivitamins or mineral supplements can lower the odds of getting heart disease.
Question: Do vitamin E supplements help prevent heart disease?
Answer: You can get the same vitamin in foods such as nuts, leafy greens, seed oils, and fortified cereals. There's also no proof that beta-carotene supplements can fight heart disease. Some studies show that people who smoke or drink heavily and take beta-carotene supplements are actually more likely to get it. The USPSTF recommends against taking beta-carotene or vitamin E supplements if your goal is to prevent heart disease.
Question: Where can you get antioxidants for your heart?
Answer: You'll get plenty from fruits, veggies, whole grains, beans, legumes, and nuts. You'll also get fiber and great taste. That's a win-win plan. If you're thinking about taking supplements, keep in mind they don't offer the same benefits as the antioxidants you get from food.