anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are treatment options for chronic illness and depression?
Answer: Risk is especially high in someone who has a history of depression. Early diagnosis and treatment can ease distress along with the risk of complications and suicide. Many times, depression treatment can improve your overall medical condition, a better quality of life, and a greater likelihood of sticking to a long-term treatment plan. When depressive symptoms are related to the physical illness or the side effects of medication, your doctor may need to adjust or change your treatment. When the depression is a separate problem, it can be treated on its own. More than 80% of people with depression can be treated successfully with medicine, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. Antidepressant drugs usually take effect within a matter of weeks. You should work closely with your doctor or psychiatrist to find the most effective medication.
Question: How is chronic illness linked to depression?
Answer: A chronic illness is a condition that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely, although some illnesses can be controlled or managed through lifestyle (diet and exercise) and certain medications. In fact, depression is one of the most common complications of chronic illness. It's estimated that up to one-third of people with a serious medical condition have symptoms of depression. Serious illness can cause tremendous life changes and limit your mobility and independence. A chronic illness can make it impossible to do the things you enjoy, and it can eat away at your self-confidence and a sense of hope in the future. In some cases, the physical effects of the condition itself or the side effects of medication lead to depression, too.
Question: Who gets the plague?
Answer: Symptoms include: Cough, sometimes with blood Trouble breathing Nausea and vomiting For most people, the chances of the plague are low. But you're more likely to get if you visit or live in an area with the plague and you: Touch a living or dead animal that might have been infected, like a rat, mouse, squirrel, rabbit, or chipmunk Work with animals regularly Spend a lot of time outdoors working, hiking, camping, or hunting Spend time with someone who has the plague If you've been in an area with the plague and have symptoms, see a doctor right away.
Question: What are symptoms of bubonic plague?
Answer: This is the most common type. It causes buboes, which are very swollen and painful lymph nodes under the arms, in the neck, or in the groin. Without treatment, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body.
Question: What is the treatment for the plague?
Answer: If you've been around someone who has the plague, your doctor may start treatment even if you don't have symptoms. You'll get antibiotics like: Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) Doxycycline ( Vibramycin) Gentamicin ( Garamycin) Levofloxacin ( Levaquin) Treatment works well. With antibiotics, most people get better within a week or two. But without treatment, most people with the plague die.
Question: What are symptoms of pneumonic plague?
Answer: This is the most common type. It's the rarest form of the disease. It's deadly without treatment. It's also very contagious because the plague can spread through the air when a person coughs. Symptoms include: Cough, sometimes with blood Trouble breathing Nausea and vomiting For most people, the chances of the plague are low.
Question: What do I need to know about the plague?
Answer: This type is more dangerous than bubonic plague. It's the rarest form of the disease. It's deadly without treatment. If you must be near the person, wear tight-fitting disposable surgical masks so you won't breathe in the plague bacteria.
Question: What are symptoms of the plague?
Answer: You can also catch the plague directly from infected animals or people. You feel very sick and weak and may have a fever, chills, and headaches. Other symptoms depend on the three main kinds of plague: Bubonic plague.
Question: How can I prevent the plague?
Answer: If you have the plague, you'll be admitted to the hospital. Avoid areas with the plague if you can, and stay away from sick or dead animals while you're there.
Question: Why do you need a stool culture?
Answer: Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).
Question: What are the steps in a stool culture?
Answer: In most cases, you'll follow these steps: Place something in your toilet to catch your poop. Your doctor may give you a small container or you could use a clean, empty plastic one that you have. If your stool isn't loose or watery, you could also spread newspaper or plastic wrap over the toilet rim. Make sure your poop doesn't touch the inside of your toilet. It could pick up germs that aren't yours. Place the sample into the container. Don't use your hands. Your doctor should give you a small spoon or spatula you can throw away after you use it. Don't overfill the container. For the test, you'll only need to provide a sample that's about the size of a walnut. Make sure to include any pieces that are bloody, slimy, or watery. Avoid getting urine mixed up with your stool. If you need to pee, do so before starting. Put the container in a sealed plastic bag and wash your hands well with soap and water. Flush any leftover poop down your toilet. Return the sample to your doctor's office as soon as you can. It can be kept in your refrigerator until then, but for no more than 24 hours. Tell your doctor about any medicines you're taking, since these can affect your test results. He should also know if you're taking any herbs, supplements, vitamins, over-the-counter, or illegal drugs.
Question: What are concerns when taking a stool culture?
Answer: Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).
Question: When do you get results from a stool culture?
Answer: Most of the time, you should get results back within 1 or 2 days.
Question: How is a stool culture done?
Answer: You'll need to give your doctor a sample of your poop. You won't need to do this at the doctor's office. Instead, you'll be given a special container with a lid to take home. This may have your name and birthdate on it. If not, you can write it on the label. Your doctor will go over how to collect the sample and any special instructions.
Question: What do results from a stool culture mean?
Answer: If your test results are negative, that means that they're normal. No germs were found in your poop and you don't have an infection. A positive test result means that your poop was infected with a germ, virus, or other type of bacteria. The lab will tell your doctor which type it is and which medicines will fight against it.
Question: What is a stool culture?
Answer: This test can look in your poop for bacteria, a virus, or other germs that might be making you sick. Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).
Question: What's the treatment for complex regional pain syndrome?
Answer: The options may include: Pain killers ranging from over-the-counter aspirin to more powerful medicines that you can only get with a prescription. Anti-swelling medicine. Anesthetic creams and patches that numb the affected area. Physical therapy to improve blood circulation and make the injured arm or leg more flexible. Spinal cord stimulation by a battery-powered device put in during surgery. Surgery that destroys some of the nerves. Doctors disagree about whether this helps.
Question: What is good self-care when you have complex regional pain syndrome?
Answer: As you work on getting better, these steps may help: Keep up your usual daily routine as much as you can. Get plenty of rest. Don't try to do more than your strength can handle. Look to your family and friends for support. Share with them information about complex regional pain syndrome so they can better understand what you're dealing with. Long-term pain can take a toll on your mind and emotions. They might teach you relaxation or meditation techniques, for instance.
Question: How does complex regional pain syndrome progress?
Answer: Anyone can sprain a wrist or fracture a bone. The condition's main sign is intense pain that affects you all the time. As it does the symptoms get more severe: Up to three months: You feel burning pain, and the affected area is more sensitive to touch. Those are the most common early symptoms. Swelling and joint stiffness usually start next. Three months to a year: Swelling is more lasting, and wrinkles in the skin go away. Pain spreads, and joints get stiffer. A year or more: Skin becomes pale, stretched, and shiny. Pain may lessen. Stiffness may mean that the affected limb won't ever move as well as it used to.
Question: What are symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome?
Answer: Anyone can sprain a wrist or fracture a bone. The condition's main sign is intense pain that affects you all the time. If you have it, you might see or feel some of these in a hand, foot, arm, or leg: Constant burning or throbbing pain Swelling Sensitivity to touch or cold Changes in skin temperature between sweaty and cold Skin that becomes white, mottled, red, or blue Skin that turns thin or shiny Joint stiffness or swelling Nails or hair growing faster than normal Muscle spasms or weakness Difference in temperature between the affected limb and the opposite one ( One may sweat more than the other.) Pain in the opposite limb from the one that was injured Complex regional pain syndrome usually goes through three stages.
Question: What causes complex regional pain syndrome?
Answer: Anyone can sprain a wrist or fracture a bone. Even though complex regional pain syndrome most often appears after an injury, that isn't the only cause. It also can be triggered by an infection, heart attack, stroke, cancer, neck problems, or pressure on a nerve. The condition is a rare disorder. It mainly shows up in people from 20 to 35 years old. And it affects women more often than men. Seniors rarely get it, and very few children do. Almost no one younger than age 5 gets it.
Question: How is complex regional pain syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: But sometimes, an injury may trigger other trouble for no apparent reason. Doctors sometimes divide the disease into two categories: Type 1 happens after an injury that didn't directly affect a nerve. Type 2 follows an injury that harmed a nerve. No single test will show whether you have complex regional pain syndrome. So your doctor will probably start with your symptoms and other clues, such as whether you've had an injury that could have triggered the condition. You may get tests that can rule out other things, such as arthritis. X-rays and other tests of your bones may shed light on the trouble. Your doctor may also want to see whether the ailing limb is warmer than the opposite one or sweats a different amount.
Question: Why do people take schisandra?
Answer: People take schisandra to try to raise their: Energy levels Physical performance Resistance to stress and disease They may also take it to treat: Lung problems and coughing Digestive system issues Liver disease Some people take it to help reduce their sweating.
Question: What are side effects of taking schisandra?
Answer: Some people develop allergic skin reactions (rashes) or gastrointestinal problems such as: Less appetite Stomach pain Heartburn Acid indigestion Risks.
Question: What is schisandra and why do people take it?
Answer: It is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in traditional Russian medicine. For example, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory traits. People take schisandra to try to raise their: Energy levels Physical performance Resistance to stress and disease They may also take it to treat: Lung problems and coughing Digestive system issues Liver disease Some people take it to help reduce their sweating. But there is only anecdotal evidence that this truly works. Yes, people can eat the fruit of schisandra as food, but the effects may not match what has been shown for specialized extracts.
Question: What are some precautions about taking schisandra?
Answer: It is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in traditional Russian medicine. Some people develop allergic skin reactions (rashes) or gastrointestinal problems such as: Less appetite Stomach pain Heartburn Acid indigestion Risks. There isn't enough evidence to know whether or not it is safe for you and your baby. Avoid using schisandra if you have: Epilepsy Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Peptic ulcers High brain pressure There is some concern that schisandra could worsen these conditions.
Question: What is schisandra?
Answer: There, it was described as a tonic, reducing hunger, fatigue, delaying the aging process, increasing vitality, and improving mental health Schisandra may work in many ways. Yes, people can eat the fruit of schisandra as food, but the effects may not match what has been shown for specialized extracts. There isn't enough evidence to know whether or not it is safe for you and your baby. Be sure to tell your doctor about any you're taking, even if they're natural.
Question: How effective is schisandra?
Answer: Avoid using schisandra if you have: Epilepsy Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Peptic ulcers High brain pressure There is some concern that schisandra could worsen these conditions. Be sure to tell your doctor about any you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications or foods. He or she can let you know if the supplement might raise your risks.
Question: Does the amount of monacolin vary in red yeast rice extract (RYRE)?
Answer: Keep in mind that the amount of monacolin -- perhaps the most important ingredient -- in a red yeast rice extract can vary a lot. There are many different strains of the yeast. Different types of fermentation are used. One study of different brands of red yeast rice supplements showed that the amount of monacolin ranged from 0% to 0.58%. So even though studies have shown that RYRE can lower cholesterol, you can't really know if the supplement brand you're using will have that effect.
Question: How well does red yeast rice lower cholesterol?
Answer: Studies have shown that certain red yeast rice products that contain statin can significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and specifically LDL, or "bad" cholesterol. One showed that taking 2.4 grams per day reduced LDL levels by 22% and total cholesterol by 16% in 12 weeks. Another study showed that taking 1.2 grams per day lowered LDL levels by 26% in just eight weeks. However, the results of these studies depend on the amount of statin that is in the extract, and it can vary widely. The FDA considers extracts that contain statins to be illegal in the U. S., but many are still available.
Question: What is red yeast rice extract (RYRE)?
Answer: RYRE is a substance that's extracted from rice that's been fermented with a type of yeast called Monascus purpureus. It's been used in China and other Asian countries for centuries as a traditional medicine. It's also used as a food coloring, additive, and preservative. RYRE naturally contains several ingredients that may help control cholesterol levels. These include a number of monacolins, most importantly monacolin K. It also contains sterols, isoflavones, and monounsaturated fatty acids, or "healthy fats."
Question: Should you talk to your doctor before using red yeast rice extract (RYRE)?
Answer: Whatever the state of your health, always talk to your doctor before you start using red yeast rice or any other supplement. Remember that not all brands are equal, and that RYRE isn't safe for everyone. Though red yeast rice extract looks like a promising treatment, more research needs to be done. For now, you should be cautious.
Question: Is red yeast rice extract (RYRE) a drug or a supplement?
Answer: One of the most important ingredients in RYRE is monacolin K. It's also known as lovastatin, the active ingredient in the prescription drug Mevacor. So on one hand, the extract is a traditional remedy that helps lower cholesterol. On the other, the pharmaceutical manufacturer of Mevacor argues that it owns the rights to the ingredient lovastatin.
Question: What are the risks of red yeast rice?
Answer: Studies have shown that certain red yeast rice products that contain statin can significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and specifically LDL, or "bad" cholesterol. We do know that some types may be more dangerous than others because of high levels of other substances such as citrinic acid. Experts say that the risks of lovastatin would logically apply to RYRE -- elevation of liver and muscle enzymes, muscle problems, and liver problems. Though red yeast rice extract looks like a promising treatment, more research needs to be done.
Question: What is red yeast rice extract (RYRE) used for and is it safe?
Answer: Red yeast rice may be appealing because it's "natural," but you need to be careful. Experts have not studied it extensively. The ideal dosing and its long-term safety are unclear. It could be dangerous for some people. And because the ingredients of different brands of red yeast rice extract might vary so much, it's hard to make firm statements about its effectiveness or safety. So on one hand, the extract is a traditional remedy that helps lower cholesterol. Different types of fermentation are used.
Question: What is the correct dosage of red yeast rice extract (RYRE)?
Answer: The ideal dosing and its long-term safety are unclear. It's been used in China and other Asian countries for centuries as a traditional medicine. Another study showed that taking 1.2 grams per day lowered LDL levels by 26% in just eight weeks.
Question: How is red yeast rice extract (RYRE) related to statins?
Answer: One of the most important ingredients in RYRE is monacolin K. It's also known as lovastatin, the active ingredient in the prescription drug Mevacor. Experts say that the risks of lovastatin would logically apply to RYRE -- elevation of liver and muscle enzymes, muscle problems, and liver problems.
Question: What does surgery do for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Answer: These include surgeries that: Result in simple decompression of the ulnar nerve Shift the nerve to the front of the elbow Move the nerve under a layer of fat, under the muscle, or within the muscle Trim the bump of the inner portion of the elbow -- the medial epicondyle -- under which the ulnar nerve passes If you undergo surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome, recovery may involve restrictions on lifting and elbow movement, and rehabilitation therapy.
Question: How can you treat mild cases of cubital tunnel syndrome?
Answer: Mild cases of cubital tunnel syndrome often respond to physical therapies such as: Avoidance of undue pressure on the elbow during daily activities Wearing a protective elbow pad over the "funny bone" during daily activities Wearing a splint during sleep to prevent over-bending of the elbow In cases where splinting doesn't help or nerve compression is more severe, about 85% of patients respond to some form of surgery to release pressure on the ulnar nerve.
Question: What are the causes of radial tunnel syndrome?
Answer: Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by increased pressure on the radial nerve, which runs by the bones and muscles of the forearm and elbow. Causes include: Injury Noncancerous fatty tumors (lipomas) Bone tumors Inflammation of surrounding tissue Symptoms of radial tunnel syndrome include: Cutting, piercing, or stabbing pain at the top of the forearm or back of the hand, especially when you try to straighten your wrist and fingers.
Question: What are the first treatments for radial tunnel syndrome?
Answer: Conservative treatments for radial tunnel syndrome include medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce soft tissue swelling, corticosteroid injections to relieve inflammation and pressure on the radial nerve, and wrist and/or elbow splints to reduce irritation of the radial nerve.
Question: When are you more likely to get cubital tunnel syndrome?
Answer: You're more likely to develop cubital tunnel syndrome if you: Repeatedly lean on your elbow, especially on a hard surface Bend your elbow for sustained periods, such as while talking on a cell phone or sleeping with your hand crooked under your pillow Sometimes, cubital tunnel syndrome results from abnormal bone growth in the elbow or from intense physical activity that increases pressure on the ulnar nerve.
Question: How is radial tunnel syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: Electromyography is a procedure in which electrodes placed into muscles and on the skin measure the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them, to confirm the diagnosis, identify the area of nerve damage, and determine the severity of the condition. Just as with cubital tunnel syndrome, if you have any of these symptoms, your doctor may be able to diagnose radial tunnel syndrome by physical examination alone. He or she also may order electromyography to confirm the diagnosis, identify the area of nerve damage, and stage the severity of the condition.
Question: What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cubital tunnel syndrome and radial tunnel syndrome aren't as familiar as their better-known relative -- carpal tunnel syndrome -- but they also can cause severe pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness in the hands and arms. Cubital tunnel syndrome -- also known as ulnar neuropathy -- is caused by increased pressure on the ulnar nerve, which passes close to the skin's surface in the area of the elbow commonly known as the "funny bone."
Question: What blood tests can help diagnose a stroke?
Answer: Complete blood count. This includes a check for your level of platelets, which are cells that help clot blood. A lab will also measure electrolyte levels in your blood to see how well your kidneys are working. Clotting time. A pair of tests called PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) can check how quickly your blood clots. If it takes too long, it could be a sign of bleeding problems.
Question: How can magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help diagnose a stroke?
Answer: This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make a detailed picture of your brain. It's sharper than a CT scan and can show injuries earlier than a traditional CT. Carotid ultrasound.