anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is acanthosis nigricans?
Answer: Acanthosis nigricans usually strikes people who are very overweight. While there is no cure for acanthosis nigricans, losing weight may improve the skin condition. Acanthosis nigricans usually precedes diabetes and is considered to be a marker for the disease. There are other health conditions that also are known to cause acanthosis of the skin and these include acromegaly and Cushing syndromes. It is thought that this health condition is a skin manifestation of insulin resistance.
Question: What causes diabetic blisters?
Answer: Diabetic blisters (bullosis diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes develop skin problems, such as blisters that resemble burn blisters. These blisters can occur on the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. Diabetic blisters usually are painless and heal on their own. These skin problems often occur in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Bringing your blood sugar level under control is the medical treatment for this health condition.
Question: What is vitiligo?
Answer: Vitiligo: Vitiligo, a skin problem more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes, affects skin coloration. With vitiligo, the special cells that make pigment (the substance that controls skin color) are destroyed, resulting in patches of discolored skin. Vitiligo often affects the chest and abdomen, but may be found on the face around the mouth, nostrils, and eyes. Current treatment options for vitiligo include topical steroids and micropigmentation (tattooing). If you have vitiligo, you should use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on the discolored skin.
Question: How is necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) linked to skin problems in diabetes associated with red blood supply to the skin?
Answer: Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum ( NLD) is thought to be caused by changes in the collagen and fat content underneath the skin. The overlaying skin area becomes thinned and reddened. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can ulcerate if subjected to trauma. Lesions have fairly well defined borders between them and normal skin. Sometimes, NLD is itchy and painful. As long as the sores do not break open, treatment is not necessary. If the sores do break open, see your doctor for medical treatment.
Question: How does disseminated granuloma annulare show up in diabetics?
Answer: Disseminated granuloma annulare: This skin condition causes sharply defined, ring or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often occur on the fingers and ears, but they can occur on the chest and abdomen. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin colored. Medical treatment usually is not required, but sometimes a topical steroid medication, such as hydrocortisone, may help.
Question: How is digital sclerosis linked to skin problems in diabetes associated with red blood supply to the skin?
Answer: Digital sclerosis: Digital sclerosis is a health condition in which the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands become thick, waxy, and tight. Stiffness of the finger joints also may occur. The medical treatment is to bring your blood sugar level under control. Lotions and moisturizers may help soften the skin.
Question: How is diabetic dermopathy linked to skin problems in diabetes associated with red blood supply to the skin?
Answer: Diabetic dermopathy: Also called shin spots, this skin condition develops as a result of changes to the blood vessels that supply the skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion of thin skin over the front lower parts of the lower legs. The patches do not hurt, although rarely they can be itchy or cause burning. Medical treatment generally is not necessary.
Question: How is acanthosis nigricans linked to diabetes and insulin resistance?
Answer: This is a skin problem that results in the darkening and thickening of certain areas of the skin especially in the skin folds. The skin becomes tan or brown and is sometimes slightly raised and described as velvety. Most often the condition, which typically looks like small warts, appears on the sides or back of the neck, the armpits, under the breast, and groin. Occasionally the top of the knuckles will have a particularly unusual appearance. Acanthosis nigricans usually strikes people who are very overweight. While there is no cure for acanthosis nigricans, losing weight may improve the skin condition. Acanthosis nigricans usually precedes diabetes and is considered to be a marker for the disease. There are other health conditions that also are known to cause acanthosis of the skin and these include acromegaly and Cushing syndromes. It is thought that this health condition is a skin manifestation of insulin resistance.
Question: What skin problems do atherosclerosis cause?
Answer: When the blood vessels supplying the skin become narrow, changes occur to the skin due to a lack of oxygen, such as hair loss, thinning and shiny skin especially on the shins, thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, legs and feet affected by atherosclerosis heal more slowly when they are injured.
Question: What causes rashes and bumps in people with diabetes?
Answer: Rashes and bumps: Allergic reactions to foods, bug bites, and medicines can cause rashes, depressions, or bumps on the skin. It is especially important for people with diabetes to check for skin problems, such as rashes or bumps, in the areas where they inject their insulin.
Question: What is the appearance of eruptive xanthomas?
Answer: The bumps -- which are surrounded by red halos and are itchy -- usually are found on the face and buttocks. They also can be seen on the back side of the arms and legs as well as in the creases of the extremities. Treatment for eruptive xanthomatosis consists of controlling the level of fats in your blood. The skin eruptions will resolve over a few weeks. Drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs) may also be needed. Rashes and bumps: Allergic reactions to foods, bug bites, and medicines can cause rashes, depressions, or bumps on the skin.
Question: What bacterial infections are associated with diabetes?
Answer: Skin infections with the bacteria known as Staphylococcus are more common and more serious in people with diabetes which is not under control. These bacteria can result in 'boils', an inflamed nodule from a hair follicle, which can occur in areas where hair follicles can be irritated. Other infections include styes, which are infections of the glands of the eyelids, and bacterial nail infections. Most bacterial infections require medical treatment with antibiotics in the form of pills and/or creams.
Question: What is "candida albicans" and where does it occur in people with diabetes?
Answer: Fungal infections : A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" is responsible for many of the fungal infections causing skin problems in people with diabetes. Women in particular are prone to infection with this fungus in the vagina. Other commonly seen areas of infection include the corners of the mouth with what is known as "angular cheilitis," which feels like small cuts on the corners of the mouth. Fungus also can occur in between the toes and fingers and in the nails (onychomycosis). This fungus creates itchy, bright red rashes, often surrounded by tiny blisters and scales. These infections most often occur in warm, moist folds of the skin.
Question: What is diabetic dermopathy?
Answer: Diabetic dermopathy: Also called shin spots, this skin condition develops as a result of changes to the blood vessels that supply the skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion of thin skin over the front lower parts of the lower legs. The patches do not hurt, although rarely they can be itchy or cause burning. Medical treatment generally is not necessary.
Question: How do bacterial infections affect people with diabetes?
Answer: Bacterial infections: There are different kinds of bacterial infections commonly affecting the skin of those with diabetes. Skin infections with the bacteria known as Staphylococcus are more common and more serious in people with diabetes which is not under control. These bacteria can result in 'boils', an inflamed nodule from a hair follicle, which can occur in areas where hair follicles can be irritated. Other infections include styes, which are infections of the glands of the eyelids, and bacterial nail infections. Most bacterial infections require medical treatment with antibiotics in the form of pills and/or creams.
Question: How do fungal infections affect diabetics?
Answer: Fungal infections : A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" is responsible for many of the fungal infections causing skin problems in people with diabetes. Women in particular are prone to infection with this fungus in the vagina. Other commonly seen areas of infection include the corners of the mouth with what is known as "angular cheilitis," which feels like small cuts on the corners of the mouth. Fungus also can occur in between the toes and fingers and in the nails (onychomycosis). This fungus creates itchy, bright red rashes, often surrounded by tiny blisters and scales. These infections most often occur in warm, moist folds of the skin. Three common fungal infections are: jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs), athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes), and ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest and abdomen, scalp, or nails). Medicines that kill the fungus are usually needed to treat these infections. A rare but potentially fatal fungal infection with Mucormycosis is seen in people with diabetes. The infection usually starts in the nasal cavities and can spread to the eyes and brain.
Question: Does necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum need to be treated?
Answer: As long as the sores do not break open, treatment is not necessary. If the sores do break open, see your doctor for medical treatment.
Question: What causes itching in people with diabetes?
Answer: Itching: Itching skin, also called pruritus, can have many causes, such as a yeast infection, dry skin, or poor blood flow. When itching is caused by poor blood flow, the lower legs and feet are most often affected. Using lotion can help to keep your skin soft and moist, and prevent itching due to dry skin.
Question: What causes acanthosis nigricans?
Answer: Acanthosis nigricans usually strikes people who are very overweight. While there is no cure for acanthosis nigricans, losing weight may improve the skin condition. Acanthosis nigricans usually precedes diabetes and is considered to be a marker for the disease. There are other health conditions that also are known to cause acanthosis of the skin and these include acromegaly and Cushing syndromes. It is thought that this health condition is a skin manifestation of insulin resistance.
Question: How can people with diabetes prevent skin problems?
Answer: Keeping your diabetes under control is the most important factor in preventing these skin problems. Follow your health care provider's advice regarding nutrition, exercise, and medication. Keep your blood sugar level within the range recommended by your doctor. Proper skin care can also help reduce your risk of skin problems with diabetes.
Question: How is vitiligo linked to diabetes?
Answer: Vitiligo: Vitiligo, a skin problem more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes, affects skin coloration. With vitiligo, the special cells that make pigment (the substance that controls skin color) are destroyed, resulting in patches of discolored skin. Vitiligo often affects the chest and abdomen, but may be found on the face around the mouth, nostrils, and eyes. Current treatment options for vitiligo include topical steroids and micropigmentation (tattooing). If you have vitiligo, you should use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on the discolored skin.
Question: What are symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?
Answer: They also mimic other conditions. If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor right away: Severe low back pain Pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs that causes you to stumble or have trouble getting up from a chair Loss of or altered sensations in your legs, buttocks, inner thighs, backs of your legs, or feet that is severe or gets worse and worse; you may experience this as trouble feeling anything in the areas of your body that would sit in a saddle (called saddle anesthesia) Recent problem with bladder or bowel function, such as trouble eliminating urine or waste (retention) or trouble holding it (incontinence) Sexual dysfunction that has come on suddenly A doctor can diagnose cauda equina syndrome.
Question: How do you diagnose cauda equina syndrome?
Answer: Here's what you may need to confirm a diagnosis: A medical history, in which you answer questions about your health, symptoms, and activity A physical exam to assess your strength, reflexes, sensation, stability, alignment, and motion. You may also need blood tests Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan, which uses magnetic fields and computers to produce three-dimensional images of your spine A myelogram -- an X-ray of the spinal canal after injection of contrast material -- which can pinpoint pressure on the spinal cord or nerves A computed tomography ( CT) scan If you have cauda equina syndrome, you'll need prompt treatment to relieve pressure on nerves.
Question: What causes of cauda equina syndrome?
Answer: CES occurs more often in adults than in children. But it can occur in children who have a spinal birth defect or have had a spinal injury. These are the most common causes of cauda equina syndrome: A severe ruptured disk in the lumbar area (the most common cause) Narrowing of the spinal canal (stenosis) A spinal lesion or malignant tumor A spinal infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, or fracture A complication from a severe lumbar spine injury such as a car crash, fall, gunshot, or stabbing A birth defect such as an abnormal connection between blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation) It may be hard to diagnose cauda equina syndrome.
Question: How do you treat cauda equina syndrome?
Answer: You may need fast treatment to prevent lasting damage leading to incontinence and possibly permanent paralysis of the legs. It is best if this occurs within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Depending on the cause of your CES, you may also need high doses of corticosteroids. If a tumor is responsible, radiation or chemotherapy may be needed after surgery. You will need to learn ways to adapt to changes in your body's functioning. Depending on your limitations, you can seek help from: An occupational or physical therapist A social worker A continence advisor and continence physiotherapists A sex therapist And, as with many conditions, there may be nothing quite as helpful as support from those who really understand what you're going through.
Question: Does medication help with alcohol use disorder?
Answer: No medicine can âcureâ alcohol use disorder, but some can help as you recover. They can make drinking less enjoyable so you don't want to do it as much: Disulfiram ( Antabuse) will make you feel sick or throw up if you drink. Acamprosate ( Campral) can help with cravings. Naltrexone ( Revia) blocks the high you get from drinking. Drugs used for other conditions -- like smoking, pain, or epilepsy -- also may help with alcohol use disorder. Talk to your doctor to see of one of those might be right for you.
Question: What are treatment options for alcohol use disorder?
Answer: The one that's right for you depends on your situation and your goals. Many people find that a combination of treatments works best, and you can get them together through a program. Some of these are inpatient or residential programs, where you stay at a treatment center for a while. Others are outpatient programs, where you live at home and go to the center for treatment.
Question: What is alcohol use disorder?
Answer: Alcohol use disorder is what doctors call it when you can't control how much you drink and have trouble with your emotions when you're not drinking.
Question: What should you expect in recovery from alcohol use disorder?
Answer: Recovery can take a long time, so you may need ongoing treatment. And some people in recovery do relapse and drink again. But less than half of people who've stayed sober at least a year relapse. If you do, don't think you've failed. It's often a stage in the process, and recovery gets easier. After 5 years, only 1 out of 7 people have issues with drinking. Treatment can work -- just give yourself time.
Question: Does joining a support group help with alcohol use disorder?
Answer: Group therapy or a support group can help during rehab and help you stay on track as life gets back to normal. Group therapy, led by a therapist, can give you the benefits of therapy along with the support of other members. Support groups aren't led by therapists. Instead, these are groups of people who have alcohol use disorder. Examples include Alcoholics Anonymous, SMART Recovery, and other programs. Your peers can offer understanding and advice and help keep you accountable. Many people stay in groups for years.
Question: Does going to detox help with alcohol use disorder?
Answer: The goal is to stop drinking and give your body time to get the alcohol out of your system. That usually takes a few days to a week. Most people go to a hospital or treatment center because of withdrawal symptoms like: Shaking (tremors) Seeing or feeling things that aren't really there (hallucinations) Seizures Doctors and other experts can keep an eye on you and give you medicine to help with your symptoms. Instead, these are groups of people who have alcohol use disorder.
Question: How should I talk to my doctor about alcohol use disorder?
Answer: Your doctor may say you have alcohol use disorder if you: Feel like you have to drink Can't control how much you drink Feel bad when you can't drink When you meet with your doctor, talk about your goals. Are you trying to drink less or stop drinking completely? Together, you can start to make a treatment plan. You doctor also can refer you to a treatment center or experts who can help. With alcohol use disorder, controlling your drinking is only part of the answer. No medicine can âcureâ alcohol use disorder, but some can help as you recover.
Question: Does seeing a counselor or therapist help with alcohol use disorder?
Answer: The goal is to stop drinking and give your body time to get the alcohol out of your system. You also need to learn new skills and strategies to use in everyday life. Psychologists, social workers, or alcohol counselors can teach you how to: Change the behaviors that make you want to drink Deal with stress and other triggers Build a strong support system Set goals and reach them Some people just need a short, focused counseling session. Others may want one-on-one therapy for a longer time to deal with issues like anxiety or depression. Alcohol use can have a big effect on the people close to you, so couples or family therapy can help, too.
Question: How does a computed tomography (CT) scan help to diagnose a ruptured spleen?
Answer: Your doctor may refer to a ruptured spleen as a "splenic rupture." The severity and even the location of the pain depend on how badly the spleen has ruptured and how much blood leaks out. This can cause: Blurred vision Confusion Light-headedness Fainting Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness A physical exam may be the only test done to diagnose a ruptured spleen. A computed tomography ( CT) scan of the abdomen is one of the most common methods used. However, a CT scan of the abdomen may only be done if time allows.
Question: What are the symptoms of low blood pressure caused by a ruptured spleen?
Answer: Depending on the size of the rupture, a large amount of internal bleeding can occur. Your doctor may refer to a ruptured spleen as a "splenic rupture." This can cause: Blurred vision Confusion Light-headedness Fainting Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness A physical exam may be the only test done to diagnose a ruptured spleen.
Question: What are common causes of spleen injuries?
Answer: It contains special white blood cells that destroy bacteria and help your body fight infections. The following are among the frequent causes of spleen injuries: Motor vehicle accidents Injury during contact sports, such as football and hockey Bicycle accidents, such as falling into your bicycle's handlebars Domestic violence Certain diseases and illnesses can also lead to a ruptured spleen. In such cases, the spleen becomes swollen and the capsule-like covering becomes thin. This makes the organ especially fragile and more likely to rupture if the abdomen receives a direct hit (such as forceful football tackle).
Question: Should I tell my children about my migraines?
Answer: It may make them feel sad, scared, or even that they caused it. You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. What you tell them can depend on their age and how much information you think they can handle. For younger kids, you can try a statement like this: " Sometimes, my head really hurts, so when that happens I may need quiet time so I can feel better."
Question: How can migraines affect relationships?
Answer: Migraines are so common, there's a special name for people who get them: migraineur. Yet, loved ones don't always understand the condition, and even if they do, serious headaches can put a strain on time with spouses, family, and at work. You may not be able to cut migraines out of your life, but you can help others understand how they affect you. That way, everyone will know what to expect and how they can help you.
Question: Is communication important in dealing with migraines?
Answer: Understand and anticipate the impact migraine pain can have on others in your life. Talk to them about how you feel. This goes a long way to prevent or repair any problems. Clear communication is key.
Question: How might migraines affect my sex life?
Answer: You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. When a migraine is about to hit or is already in full swing, migraineurs may not be able to attend to family chores such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping. And for many, the migraines disrupt their sex life. And let them know that "not tonight" doesn't mean "not ever." It's only temporary.
Question: How might migraines affect my job and what can I tell my coworkers and boss about my migraines?
Answer: You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. Even if you can't prevent your migraines (and there are medicines that can help you do that), you can try to plan for the times when they might happen. On average, migraineurs take about 4 days off from work a year because of migraine pain.
Question: Is it normal for cold or the flu symptoms to get worse over time?
Answer: Remember, serious conditions can masquerade as the common cold and a mild infection can evolve into something more serious. If you have severe symptoms or are feeling sicker with each passing day or must travel, see a doctor.
Question: Is it healthy to blow your nose when you have a cold?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } It's important to blow your nose regularly when you have a cold rather than sniffling mucus back into your head. But when you blow hard, pressure can cause an earache. The best way to blow your nose: Press a finger over one nostril while you blow gently to clear the other. Wash your hands after blowing your nose.