anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is atopic eczema diagnosed?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema include: Itchiness Skin redness Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that might become thick and leathery from long-term scratching Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that might ooze when scratched Infection of the areas where the skin has been broken Atopic eczema usually is diagnosed with an analysis of a person's history of symptoms and with an exam of the skin. A doctor might test an area of scaly or crusted skin to rule out other skin diseases or infections.
Question: Can antibiotics be used to treat eczema?
Answer: These products may help control the itching, swelling, and redness associated with eczema.
Question: What causes granuloma annulare?
Answer: Treatment of granuloma annulare often is not necessary, except for cosmetic reasons.
Question: How is lichen planus treated?
Answer: Although lichen planus cannot be cured, its symptoms can be treated with anti-itch products such as antihistamines (for example, Benadryl, or diphenhydramine). If lichen planus affects only a small part of the body, medicated cream can be applied to the affected area. Drugs such as steroid injections, prednisone, other drugs to suppress the immune system, or retinoids may be prescribed in more severe cases. Another treatment for lichen planus is light therapy. Talk to your doctor about which treatment is right for you.
Question: How is lichen planus diagnosed?
Answer: A doctor can diagnose lichen planus by its distinctive appearance or with the use of a skin biopsy. In a skin biopsy, a small bit of skin is taken from the affected area and is sent to a lab for testing.
Question: What are symptoms of atopic eczema?
Answer: The appearance of eczema can vary from person to person. In adults, eczema occurs most frequently on the hands and elbows, and in "bending" areas such as the inside of the elbows and back of the knees. In young children, eczema is often seen on the inside of elbows, behind the knees, face, back of the neck, and scalp. Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema include: Itchiness Skin redness Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that might become thick and leathery from long-term scratching Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that might ooze when scratched Infection of the areas where the skin has been broken Atopic eczema usually is diagnosed with an analysis of a person's history of symptoms and with an exam of the skin.
Question: How is pityriasis rosea diagnosed?
Answer: A doctor can usually diagnose pityriasis rosea by looking at it. He or she may order blood tests, scrape the skin, or do a skin biopsy to rule out other skin conditions.
Question: How is granuloma annulare diagnosed?
Answer: The condition is diagnosed by a doctor who may use a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Question: What are risks associated with phototherapy for eczema?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema include: Itchiness Skin redness Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that might become thick and leathery from long-term scratching Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that might ooze when scratched Infection of the areas where the skin has been broken Atopic eczema usually is diagnosed with an analysis of a person's history of symptoms and with an exam of the skin. Your health care professionals will work with you to minimize any risks.
Question: What causes lichen planus?
Answer: Lichen planus is believed to be an autoimmune process where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. When lichen planus is thought to be caused by a triggering agent such as hepatitis B or C, it is known as a lichenoid reaction. Medications to treat high blood pressure, heart disease, and arthritis can cause lichen planus-type rashes that are allergic reactions to those drugs. Lichen planus is not contagious. The cause of pityriasis rosea is not known.
Question: What is a skin rash and what causes it?
Answer: There are many types of rashes, including eczema, granuloma annulare, lichen planus, and pityriasis rosea. A doctor might test an area of scaly or crusted skin to rule out other skin diseases or infections. The cause of granuloma annulare is unknown.
Question: What are the symptoms of pityriasis rosea?
Answer: The patch usually is followed by additional pink patches of skin. There is itching and redness or inflammation of the skin. Pityriasis rosea affects the back, neck, chest, abdomen, upper arms, and legs, but the rash may differ from person to person.
Question: What causes pityriasis rosea?
Answer: In most cases, the cause of lichen planus is not known. However, there is evidence that suggests pityriasis rosea may be caused by a virus because the rash resembles certain viral illnesses. The rash does not seem to spread from person to person.
Question: What are conditions that usually qualify for a handicap parking permit?
Answer: Check with your own state to find out the specific criteria regarding who qualifies for disabled parking. Common conditions include: Lung disease Heart disease Substantially impaired mobility, for example, use of a wheelchair, brace, or cane A disease that significantly limits your ability walk or to use your legs Documented vision problems, including low-vision or partial sightedness Loss of one or both legs or loss of both hands, or limited use of these parts Be aware that other conditions also may apply, so ask your doctor about your eligibility.
Question: How can I get a handicap parking permit?
Answer: Check on your state's specific process. Common conditions include: Lung disease Heart disease Substantially impaired mobility, for example, use of a wheelchair, brace, or cane A disease that significantly limits your ability walk or to use your legs Documented vision problems, including low-vision or partial sightedness Loss of one or both legs or loss of both hands, or limited use of these parts Be aware that other conditions also may apply, so ask your doctor about your eligibility.
Question: Before I join a clinical trial that involves immunotherapy, what questions should I ask?
Answer: Only you and your doctor can decide if that's right for you. Before you enroll, you'll want to find out: The benefits of receiving an immunotherapy drug The risks of the medication(s) you're considering Who you'll be working with.
Question: What should I expect during immunotherapy treatment?
Answer: So to get these medications, you have to take part in a clinical trial. What happens if the clinical trial is stopped, or if you need to stop treatment early The cost of treatment, including whether your health insurance will cover it Immunotherapy is a lot like other forms of cancer treatment. You'll go a doctor's office or hospital. Depending on your medication, it may be: Intravenous ( IV): It will be put into a vein through an IV. Oral: It comes in a pill or capsule you swallow. Topical: It's a cream you rub onto your skin. Intravesical: It goes directly into your bladder. This gives your body a break as you get ready for the next cycle.
Question: What do you need to know about the smallpox vaccine?
Answer: The smallpox vaccine prevents smallpox. The disease was declared to be eradicated worldwide in the late 1970s. However, the smallpox virus can be used as a bio-weapon, and there is a vaccine available for people who may encounter the agent. These reactions to the smallpox vaccine usually go away without treatment: The arm may be sore and red where the vaccine was given. The glands in the armpits may become large and sore. The vaccinated person may run a low fever.
Question: What are some serious reactions to the smallpox vaccine?
Answer: The smallpox vaccine prevents smallpox. The disease was declared to be eradicated worldwide in the late 1970s. However, the smallpox virus can be used as a bio-weapon, and there is a vaccine available for people who may encounter the agent. These reactions may require medical attention: A vaccinia rash or outbreak of sores limited to one area. This is an accidental spreading of the vaccinia virus caused by touching the vaccination site and then touching another part of the body or another person. A toxic or allergic rash in response to the vaccine that can take various forms (erythema multiforme). These reactions require immediate medical attention: Eczema vaccinatum. Serious skin rashes caused by widespread infection of the skin in people with skin conditions such as eczema or atopic dermatitis. Progressive vaccinia (or vaccinia necrosum). Ongoing infection of skin with tissue destruction frequently leading to death. Postvaccinal encephalitis. Inflammation of the brain.
Question: What are the warning signs of a potential asthma attack?
Answer: Warning signs of a potential asthma attack include: Needing more rescue inhaler medication (such as albuterol). A cough that gets worse. Feeling like you can't breathe or like someone's sitting on your chest. Waking up at night feeling like you can't breathe. Not being able to be active or exercise without getting winded or wheezing.
Question: How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy diagnosed?
Answer: You should let your child's doctor know about the symptoms you've been noticing. He'll want to know your child's medical history, then ask questions about his symptoms, like: How old was your child when he started walking? How well does he do things like run, climb stairs, or get up from the floor? How long have you noticed these problems? Does anyone else in your family have muscular dystrophy? If so, what kind? Does he have any trouble breathing? How well does he pay attention or remember things? The doctor will give your child a physical exam, and he may do some tests to rule out other conditions that can cause muscle weakness.
Question: Why is it important for a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy to see a heart doctor?
Answer: Because DMD can cause heart problems, it's important for your child to see a heart doctor, called a cardiologist, for checkups once every 2 years until age 10, and once a year after that. Girls and women who carry the gene have a higher risk of heart problems, too. They should see a cardiologist in their late teens or early adult years to check for any problems. Some blood pressure medicines may help protect against muscle damage in the heart. Kids with DMD might need surgery to fix shortened muscles, straighten the spine, or treat a heart or lung problem.
Question: What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Answer: Children with DMD have a hard time standing up, walking, and climbing stairs. Many eventually need wheelchairs to get around. They can also have heart and lung problems. Although there isn't a cure, the outlook for people with DMD is better than it has ever been. Years ago, children with the disease usually didn't live beyond their teens. There are therapies that can ease symptoms, and researchers are looking for new ones, as well. DMD is caused by a problem in one of your genes. A few other gene therapies may soon be ready for sale in the U. S. To learn more about Duchenne muscular dystrophy or find a support group in your area, visit: Cure Duchenne, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, or the Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy.
Question: What causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Answer: DMD is caused by a problem in one of your genes. Genes contain the information your body needs to make proteins, which carry out many different body functions. If you have DMD, the gene that makes a protein called dystrophin is broken. This protein normally keeps muscles strong and protects them from injury. It's rare, but sometimes people who don't have a family history of DMD get the disease when their genes get defects on their own.
Question: What is genetic counseling for if you have a risk of having a baby with Down syndrome?
Answer: They're highly trained in genetic conditions, as well as helping people talk through challenging issues. They can speak to you about risks, walk through possible results, and help you figure out which tests might make the most sense for you. If you have a higher risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, you might want to talk to a genetic counselor before you get pregnant, but it can be very helpful after, too.
Question: When you're pregnant, how does the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) test for Down syndrome work?
Answer: Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS) tests cells from the placenta, which passes nutrients from mother to baby. Your doctor gets the cells either through your cervix or with a needle through your belly. It can be done at 10 to 12 weeks -- earlier than you can get an amnio -- but has a slightly higher chance of causing a miscarriage or other problems.
Question: What is cordocentesis as a diagnostic test for Down syndrome in a pregnancy?
Answer: Then, during weeks 15-22, you get another blood test called the âquad screen.â It looks for four different markers that could be signs of Down syndrome. Your doctor uses a needle to take blood from the umbilical cord. This procedure has about a 1.4% to 1.9% chance of miscarriage , more than the other tests, so it's only done if the others don't give clear results.
Question: What types of tests check your baby for Down syndrome during pregnancy?
Answer: There are two types of tests you can get: Screening tests tell you how likely it is that your baby has Down syndrome. Diagnostic tests tell if your baby actually has it -- it's a clear yes or no. Typically, you might start with a screening test. Then, if it looks like Down syndrome is a possibility, you might get a diagnostic test. Diagnostic tests have some risk of causing a miscarriage.
Question: What is an amniocentesis test during pregnancy?
Answer: Ultrasound looks at the fluid in an area of the baby's neck called the ânuchal fold.â If the fluid level is higher than normal, it could be a sign of Down syndrome. These types of tests look at the baby's chromosomes to check for Down syndrome. Amniocentesis (âamnioâ) tests a sample of amniotic fluid, which surrounds your baby in the womb. There is a slight risk of miscarriage -- about 0.6% -- with a second-trimester amnio, while research shows the risk being higher before 15 weeks of pregnancy.
Question: Which dairy products have healthy fat?
Answer: Choose low-fat dairy products such as low-fat cheese, skim milk, nonfat yogurt, nonfat frozen yogurt, evaporated skim milk, and buttermilk. Remember to include dairy products in your daily carbohydrate count.
Question: Which meats have healthy fat?
Answer: Favor poultry, fish, and lean red meats. When preparing these foods, don't fry them. Instead, you can bake, broil, grill, roast, or boil. Or, have plant-based sources of protein, like beans or lentils.
Question: What kind of cooking spray should people with diabetes use?
Answer: Use low-fat vegetable cooking spray when preparing foods.
Question: Why is it important to reduce unhealthy fats if you have diabetes?
Answer: Instead, you can bake, broil, grill, roast, or boil. Healthy fats, such as polyunsaturated and mono fats, may help protect your heart from disease. For example, choose almonds, pecans and cashews and peanut butter, cold-water fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids such as mackerel, salmon and tuna, and olive, safflower and canola oils.
Question: How can managing stress help with sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Inner turmoil takes a huge toll on skin. Part of the reason is that stress increases the hormone cortisol. It keeps skin from holding on to water and triggers a spike in blood sugar that damages collagen and elastin. Any type of exercise can tame tension, but yoga seems to be an especially good way to lower cortisol levels.
Question: How can being active help with sun-damaged skin?
Answer: When you boost your heart rate and blood flow, you help your body undo skin aging by delivering more nutrients to cells that repair damage. A sweat session also makes your skin more taut and toned. Want proof? In a recent study, researchers found that people over 40 who were active for at least 3 hours a week had skin that was similar to that of people in their 20s and 30s -- even in someone up to age 65. As a bonus, exercise also helps you keep a healthy weight, which is key since extra pounds weaken your skin's support structure and lead to sagging.
Question: How can reducing stress help sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Inner turmoil takes a huge toll on skin. Part of the reason is that stress increases the hormone cortisol. It keeps skin from holding on to water and triggers a spike in blood sugar that damages collagen and elastin. Any type of exercise can tame tension, but yoga seems to be an especially good way to lower cortisol levels.
Question: How can limiting alcohol help sun-damaged skin?
Answer: When you get too much, it triggers a process called glycation that destroys collagen and elastin. It also saps skin's hydration, which makes wrinkles more noticeable, and causes spidery capillaries to show up on your face.
Question: How can alcohol affect sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Sure, alcohol has antioxidants that help protect skin from damage. But it's high in sugar, too. When you get too much, it triggers a process called glycation that destroys collagen and elastin. It also saps skin's hydration, which makes wrinkles more noticeable, and causes spidery capillaries to show up on your face. For most people, a daily beer or glass of wine won't have a visible effect on skin.
Question: How can sleep help sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Nighttime is when skin does the bulk of its repair work, such as making new cells and mending or shedding old, damaged ones. This is also when it makes the most of any creams and lotions you apply. Skin gets warmer at night, so products seep in better and yield faster results.
Question: How can vitamin A help sun-damaged skin?
Answer: When it comes to reversing sun damage, no skin care ingredient is better than retinoids, a form of vitamin A. They do everything from smoothing fine lines and fading dark spots to making pores look smaller.
Question: How can eating better help with sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Nutrition is just as important for your skin as it is for the rest of your body. In one study, people with sun damage who ate more vegetables, olive oil, fish, and legumes -- and less butter, meat, dairy, and sugar -- had fewer wrinkles. The results were similar for women with diets high in vitamin C, like citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, and leafy greens. Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds have another nutrient, a fatty acid called linoleic acid, which moisturizes skin. And since antioxidants offer UV protection from the inside out, foods high in lycopene (tomatoes), polyphenols (green tea), and flavanols (cocoa) can be part of your skin-saving strategy.
Question: How can vitamin A help with sun-damaged skin?
Answer: When it comes to reversing sun damage, no skin care ingredient is better than retinoids, a form of vitamin A. They do everything from smoothing fine lines and fading dark spots to making pores look smaller. You can start with an over-the-counter form -- look for retinol on the ingredients list. Or ask your doctor for a stronger prescription. Use the product at night since sunlight makes retinoids inactive. They can irritate your skin, so it's best to ease them into your skin care routine. Apply every third night to start, and slowly work up to nightly use. During the day, use a cream with antioxidants like vitamin C, coffeeberry extract, or green tea. They defend against the sun's damage to collagen and elastin, the proteins that keep skin firm and supple, and improve existing signs of aging.
Question: How can sunscreen help with sun-damaged skin?
Answer: Choose an SPF 30 sunscreen labeled âbroad-spectrumâ -- meaning it guards against the rays that cause wrinkles and brown spots -- and use it every day. They defend against the sun's damage to collagen and elastin, the proteins that keep skin firm and supple, and improve existing signs of aging. Sure, alcohol has antioxidants that help protect skin from damage.
Question: How can exercise help sun-damaged skin?
Answer: When you boost your heart rate and blood flow, you help your body undo skin aging by delivering more nutrients to cells that repair damage. A sweat session also makes your skin more taut and toned. As a bonus, exercise also helps you keep a healthy weight, which is key since extra pounds weaken your skin's support structure and lead to sagging.
Question: How much can I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Confused about how much you can eat when you have diabetes? First you need to know how much food is in a serving. It may be different from what you expect. Let's say you eat a cup of rice at dinner. But a serving is actually considered 1/3 cup. So you got three times as many carbs as you thought. To outsmart those mistakes, get to know what a serving size really holds. And for expert help, talk to your dietitian or a certified diabetes educator.
Question: How many nuts, poultry, fish, eggs, dry beans, cheese, and meat are in a serving?
Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)
Question: What is an example of one serving of bread, cereal, rice, starchy vegetables, and pasta?
Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)
Question: What is an example of one serving of fruit?
Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)