anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are some tips on finding an oral surgeon on the Internet?
Answer: So if you don't have a regular dentist who can recommend an oral surgeon, and friends or family can't help you out, take advantage of the web. Lots of sites rate surgeons and their offices. To one person, someone who's all-business has no bedside manner. To another, that same professional is great because he's all-business. Web sites can also give you background on the doctor, too. Make sure you look for information about the staff and how it cares for patients.
Question: When should you call a doctor about dehydration in children under 12 years?
Answer: Has extremely dry mouth or no tears Is lethargic Is older and does not urinate in 12 or more hours Isn't alert or able to think clearly Passes out Is too weak or dizzy to stand In young children, mild to moderate dehydration can happen very easily, particularly if the child has diarrhea or is vomiting. Contact your child's pediatrician if your child: Is not drinking enough or eating enough Looks tired Has dark yellow urine or decreased urination Has dry mouth and eyes Is cranky or irritable Vomits more than once Is under 1 year old For dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old: If you breast-feed, nurse more often.
Question: How can you replace fluids for mild dehydration in a child age 1 to 11?
Answer: For mild dehydration in a child age 1 to 11: Give extra fluids in frequent, small sips, especially if the child is vomiting. Choose clear soup, clear soda, or Pedialyte, if possible. Give popsicles, ice chips, and cereal mixed with milk for added water or fluid. Continue a regular diet.
Question: When should you call 911 about dehydration in children under 12 years?
Answer: Has extremely dry mouth or no tears Is lethargic Is older and does not urinate in 12 or more hours Isn't alert or able to think clearly Passes out Is too weak or dizzy to stand In young children, mild to moderate dehydration can happen very easily, particularly if the child has diarrhea or is vomiting.
Question: How can you replace fluids for dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old?
Answer: Contact your child's pediatrician if your child: Is not drinking enough or eating enough Looks tired Has dark yellow urine or decreased urination Has dry mouth and eyes Is cranky or irritable Vomits more than once Is under 1 year old For dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old: If you breast-feed, nurse more often. If you bottle feed, give your baby the usual amount of fluid, unless the baby is vomiting. If your baby is vomiting, give smaller amounts more frequently. For example, instead of 6 ounces every 4 hours, give 3 ounces every 2 hours. If she vomits more than once, call your doctor. If your baby eats solid food, cereal, strained bananas, and mashed potatoes, also provide fluids. Give an oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte, if possible. It replaces salt, sugar, potassium, and other nutrients. Ask your doctor what type and quantity to use.
Question: What are the different types of ear drops?
Answer: For the most part, there are three main types of eye drops: Artificial tears Allergy drops Anti-redness drops Some eye drops might do a combination of things, but if you understand these basic types, you'll know how to choose wisely. You might also notice some natural, homeopathic, or herbal eye drops. Generally, there's just not a lot of evidence about how well these really work.
Question: Why should you watch out for preservatives in artificial tears relative to eye drops?
Answer: Artificial tears with them can be great because they're often cheaper. But for some people, they can make dry eyes worse. Some people are allergic to preservatives, and others may find that they irritate their eyes.
Question: What's in allergy eye drops?
Answer: The key ingredient in allergy eye drops is a drug called an antihistamine, which blocks histamines from doing their work and prevents allergy symptoms. Some newer allergy eye drops, called mast-cell stabilizers, work by stopping your body from making histamines in the first place.
Question: How can I find preservative-free eye drops?
Answer: When you're looking for preservative-free eye drops, note that they don't come in the typical eye drop bottle. You usually find them in single-use vials instead. You snap the lid off, put the drops in, and throw out the vial. They also tend to be more expensive than other kinds.
Question: When should I use anti-redness drops for my eyes?
Answer: But use with caution. If you put them in for more than a few days, they can irritate your eyes and make the redness even worse. Another problem: If you use them often, your eyes get dependent on them and may get red when you stop using them. Avoid these drops if you have dry eyes. Sometimes, anti-redness drops also have antihistamines in them, which can relieve itchiness from allergies. But again, you're limited in how much you can use them without bothering your eyes. You're typically better off with allergy drops.
Question: When should I see a doctor about my eye drops?
Answer: That makes the redness go away. Also, see her if taking drops makes your eye problem worse or affects your vision.
Question: What are artificial tears?
Answer: They try to mimic real tears, but it turns out, that's pretty complicated. So various brands use different mixes of ingredients, such as: Lubricants to keep your eyes moist (all artificial tears will have some) Electrolytes, like sodium and potassium, which can help heal the surface of your eye Guar gum, found in more oily drops. Preservatives to keep bacteria from growing in the bottle of drops You may need to try different brands to see which one works best for your eyes. Avoid artificial tears that contain preservatives if: They bother your eyes.
Question: How do decongestants work?
Answer: They help reduce swelling in the passageways of your nose, which relieves the feeling of pressure and improves the flow of air. You'll be able to breathe a whole lot better. Decongestants come in pill form or nasal sprays. Don't use the sprays for more than 3 days, or you may get more stuffed up.
Question: What medicines are used for congestion?
Answer: Decongestants and antihistamines can help. They come in different forms, and they're often mixed into combination drugs that you can buy without a prescription. It pays to do a little homework to make sure you're picking the right medicine for your symptoms.
Question: What are the side effects of decongestants?
Answer: Decongestants may keep you awake and are usually taken during the day. Nasal sprays are less likely to have that side effect and may be helpful at night for congestion. Decongestants can also raise blood pressure. So if your BP is high already, or you've got heart disease, check with your doctor before you use them.
Question: Which antihistamines help for cold symptoms?
Answer: Some types of them can help relieve your runny nose and sneezing when you have a cold. Even so, some of the older antihistamines, such as brompheniramine and chlorpheniramine, can bring relief. Newer antihistamines like fexofenadine ( Allegra) and loratidine ( Claritin) have not been shown to work for cold symptoms.
Question: What does radiation therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve?
Answer: Radiation therapy, the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells; this is not used often for ALL, but may be used to treat leukemia in the brain or bone, for example, or before a stem cell transplant.
Question: What are the symptoms of anemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: A shortage of red blood cells may cause symptoms of anemia, including: Fatigue or weakness Dizziness Feeling cold Light-headedness Shortness of breath A shortage of normal white blood cells may result in: Fevers Recurring infections A shortage of blood platelets may cause symptoms such as: Lots of bruising for no obvious reason Frequent or severe nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or other unusual bleeding such as from minor cuts Depending upon where leukemia cells are present, other symptoms may include: A full or swollen belly from leukemia cells in the liver or spleen Enlarged lymph nodes such as in the neck or groin, under arms, or above the collarbone Bone or joint pain Headache, trouble with balance, vomiting, seizures, or blurred vision if the cancer has spread to the brain Trouble breathing if spread has occurred in the chest area ALL is really a group of related diseases, or subtypes.
Question: What is the outlook for people with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: The outlook for acute lymphoblastic leukemia depends on factors such as: Your age: Younger patients tend to have a better outlook. Your lab test results: The prognosis is better if you have a lower white blood count when you're diagnosed. Your subtype of ALL ( B-cell ALL or T-cell ALL) Whether you have a chromosome abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome; having it suggests a poorer prognosis. Your response to chemotherapy: The prognosis is better if you have no evidence of leukemia four to five weeks after starting treatment.
Question: What does a bone marrow transplant involve for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: A bone marrow transplant, which involves use of high doses of chemotherapy and possibly radiation followed by a transplant of bone-forming stem cells. Stem cells usually come from a donor, or less likely, from your own bone marrow or peripheral blood. If you cannot tolerate high doses of chemotherapy and radiation, lower doses may be used with a "mini-transplant."
Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: These include: Chemotherapy, the use of anticancer drugs in combination, generally over a couple of years. Agents used for ALL include: cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan)cytarabine ( Cytosar)daunorubicin ( Cerubidine) or doxorubicin ( Adriamycin)etoposide ( VP-16) L-asparaginace ( Elspar) or PEG- L-asapraginase ( Oncaspar)6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol)methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall)methoterate oral ( Xatmep)steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone)teniposide ( Vumonvincristine ( Oncovin) Targeted therapy, drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells and tend to have fewer or less severe side effects than chemotherapy; examples include blinatumomab ( Blincyto), dasatinib ( Sprycel), imatinib ( Gleevec), and nilotinib ( Tasigna), ponatinib ( Iclusig), which attack cells with the Philadelphia chromosome.
Question: What are the goals of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: Treatment occurs in two parts -- induction therapy and post-induction therapy. The goal of induction therapy is to achieve remission by: Killing as many leukemia cells as possible Returning blood counts to normal Ridding the body of signs of disease for a long time About eight or nine out of 10 adults achieve remission after treatments, but many relapse, which lowers the overall cure rate to 30% to 40%.
Question: What does targeted therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve?
Answer: Agents used for ALL include: cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan)cytarabine ( Cytosar)daunorubicin ( Cerubidine) or doxorubicin ( Adriamycin)etoposide ( VP-16) L-asparaginace ( Elspar) or PEG- L-asapraginase ( Oncaspar)6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol)methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall)methoterate oral ( Xatmep)steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone)teniposide ( Vumonvincristine ( Oncovin) Targeted therapy, drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells and tend to have fewer or less severe side effects than chemotherapy; examples include blinatumomab ( Blincyto), dasatinib ( Sprycel), imatinib ( Gleevec), and nilotinib ( Tasigna), ponatinib ( Iclusig), which attack cells with the Philadelphia chromosome.
Question: What are the symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: For most people, the cause of ALL is unknown. Some of these can be vague and not specific just to leukemia. They include: Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite or weight Night sweats Many symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are the result of a shortage of normal blood cells. That's because leukemia cells crowd out these normal cells in the bone marrow. A shortage of red blood cells may cause symptoms of anemia, including: Fatigue or weakness Dizziness Feeling cold Light-headedness Shortness of breath A shortage of normal white blood cells may result in: Fevers Recurring infections A shortage of blood platelets may cause symptoms such as: Lots of bruising for no obvious reason Frequent or severe nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or other unusual bleeding such as from minor cuts Depending upon where leukemia cells are present, other symptoms may include: A full or swollen belly from leukemia cells in the liver or spleen Enlarged lymph nodes such as in the neck or groin, under arms, or above the collarbone Bone or joint pain Headache, trouble with balance, vomiting, seizures, or blurred vision if the cancer has spread to the brain Trouble breathing if spread has occurred in the chest area ALL is really a group of related diseases, or subtypes.
Question: What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Answer: It develops from cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell central to the immune system, or from lymphoblasts, an immature type of lymphocyte. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia invades the blood and can spread throughout the body to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. But it does not normally produce tumors as do many types of cancer. It is an acute type of leukemia, which means it can progress quickly. Without treatment, it can be fatal within a few months. That's because leukemia cells crowd out these normal cells in the bone marrow.
Question: What does the treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve?
Answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) is a type of blood cancer. Therefore, your treatment options depend upon your subtype and other factors. You may have more than one type of treatment.
Question: When should I see my doctor to treat symptomatic relief medications?
Answer: Note: if symptomatic relief medications are used more than twice a week, you should see your doctor, who may prescribe preventive headache medications. Overuse of symptomatic medications can actually cause more frequent headaches or worsen headache symptoms.
Question: How is migraine and headache pain treated?
Answer: Many of these medications are over-the-counter, or available without a doctor's prescription, while other headache drugs require a prescription. When taking these headache drugs, avoid products that contain caffeine. Any medication containing barbiturates or narcotics should be used sparingly. Note: if symptomatic relief medications are used more than twice a week, you should see your doctor, who may prescribe preventive headache medications. Overuse of symptomatic medications can actually cause more frequent headaches or worsen headache symptoms. Carefully consider how you use pain relievers and all medications.
Question: What medications are usually recommended by doctors for migraines and headaches?
Answer: Many of these medications are over-the-counter, or available without a doctor's prescription, while other headache drugs require a prescription. When taking these headache drugs, avoid products that contain caffeine. Any medication containing barbiturates or narcotics should be used sparingly. Carefully consider how you use pain relievers and all medications.
Question: How is gestational diabetes treated?
Answer: Do urine tests that check for ketones, which mean that your diabetes is not under control Eat a healthy diet that's in line with your doctor's recommendations Make exercise a habit Your doctor will track how much weight you gain and let you know if you need to take insulin or other medicine for your gestational diabetes.
Question: Who is more likely to get gestational diabetes?
Answer: You are more likely to get gestational diabetes if you: Were overweight before you got pregnant Are African- American, Asian, Hispanic, or Native American Have high blood sugar levels, but not high enough to be diabetes Have a family history of diabetes Have had gestational diabetes before Have high blood pressure or other medical complications Have given birth to a large baby before (greater than 9 pounds) Have given birth to a baby that was stillborn or had certain birth defects Are older than 25 Gestational diabetes usually happens in the second half of pregnancy.
Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent diabetes?
Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.
Question: Are there any treatments that help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people at risk?
Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.
Question: How can I prevent the development of type 2 diabetes?
Answer: In fact, studies have shown that exercise and a healthy diet can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in people with pre-diabetes -- a condition that often develops prior to full-blown type 2 diabetes.
Question: What medications can help prevent type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.
Question: How can I prevent type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Because of the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, you can do a great deal to reduce your chance of developing the disease by slimming down if you are overweight. This is especially true if diabetes runs in your family.
Question: How can I avoid problems if I have high blood sugar?
Answer: Because of the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, you can do a great deal to reduce your chance of developing the disease by slimming down if you are overweight. In someone who already has diabetes, exercise and a nutritionally balanced diet can greatly limit the effects of both types 1 and 2 diabetes on your body.
Question: What can help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?
Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have.
Question: How can diet and exercise help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?
Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight. Exercise is also good for all types of MS. It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover.
Question: What are common symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?
Answer: If you have primary progressive multiple sclerosis ( PPMS), you probably first saw a doctor because your legs were weak or you had trouble walking. Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time.
Question: Drugs help reduce what symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: You'll take medications to help you with: Tight muscles Bladder and bowel problems Pain Fatigue You'll also get rehabilitation, such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy.
Question: How fast should I start exercising to treat multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover.
Question: What are the symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?
Answer: This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself.
Question: How many people have primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?
Answer: Only 10% to 15% of people with multiple sclerosis have this form. Those that do are usually diagnosed later in life than people with other types.
Question: How does primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) develop over time?
Answer: Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions.
Question: How is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) diagnosed?
Answer: It can be hard for doctors to diagnose PPMS. This complex disease is different for everyone who has it. You may have symptoms for a few years, but no major flares, before doctors can tell you're getting worse.
Question: What types of exercise help treat multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly.
Question: In treatment for multiple sclerosis, what does rehabilitation help address?
Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have.
Question: Is it important to stay healthy if I have multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight.
Question: Does primary progressive multiple sclerosis get worse over time?
Answer: Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions.
Question: What are the main symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
Answer: This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself.