anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What other tips beyond dietary changes and medicine are useful in treating gassiness in people expressing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: One of the main causes of gas is swallowing air. That can happen when you chew gum, eat or drink too fast, or drink through a straw. What you don't get rid of by burping ends up in your intestines. Anything that keeps your IBS under control may also help with gas. Eating smaller, regular meals may reduce bloating. So may regular exercise. Get enough sleep and take care of your mental health.
Question: What medications are used to lower gassiness in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: The enzyme lactase helps you digest milk and dairy products. It can be bought as a supplement, and it is added to some milk products for people with lactose intolerance. Alpha-galactosidase, an enzyme found in some gas-relieving over-the counter medications, helps your body break down the sugar in beans and other vegetables.
Question: What are common gas-producing foods?
Answer: Because IBS different for everyone, it may help to keep a food diary to see what triggers your symptoms. Once you know the problem foods, you can avoid them. Foods on most people's lists include: Beans and other legumes like peas, peanuts, and lentils Cabbage Raw broccoli and cauliflower Onions Brussels sprouts Raisins " Get more fiber" is standard advice for people with IBS, especially if you have constipation.
Question: Does insoluble fiber make more gas in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Insoluble fiber, found in whole wheat, tends to make more gas. Two types of fiber appear to reduce gas: methylcellulose and polycarbophil. They can be found in some fiber supplements.
Question: What should you know about irritable bowel syndrome and gas?
Answer: Dealing with IBS and gas is hard. Symptoms vary widely from one person to the next, and no single treatment works for everyone. What gives someone else gas may not bother you at all. What brings you relief may have no effect on someone else. There are many different strategies you can try. Most have to do with what you eat.
Question: How can probiotics affect irritable bowel syndrome and gas?
Answer: Among the foods the diet suggests you stop eating: Apples and apple juice, pears and pear juice, watermelon, mangos, cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and blackberries Asparagus, artichokes, legumes like beans and lentils, sugar snap peas, snow peas, onions, garlic, leeks, cauliflower, mushrooms, celery, and corn Milk, yogurt, soft cheeses like ricotta, cottage cheese, and cream cheese, custard, and ice cream Honey, high-fructose corn syrup, and certain sugar-free gums and candy Wheat and rye Cashews and pistachios One theory about IBS is that the normal blend of helpful bacteria that live in the intestines has been disrupted. Some of them make more gas than others as they help break down your food. People with IBS may have too much of those types of bacteria. Probiotics are supplements that add bacteria to the digestive system to bring back the right balance. Studies on taking probiotics for IBS show some promise.
Question: How can antibiotics affect irritable bowel syndrome and gas?
Answer: Some people with IBS have reported less gassiness after taking antibiotics. That could be because the drug is killing gas-producing bacteria in your gut.
Question: Are certain carbohydrates bad for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Certain carbs called FODMAPs are a problem for people with IBS. These carbs aren't absorbed by the small intestine. When they hit the large intestine, they quickly break down and make gas. It happens to everyone, but it can be a problem for people with IBS.
Question: How fast should I increase my fiber intake if I have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Answer: Increase your fiber gradually. It may give you more gas at first, but that should get better as your body gets used to it.
Question: What foods are high in FODMAPs?
Answer: Once you know the problem foods, you can avoid them. Certain carbs called FODMAPs are a problem for people with IBS. But the foods you're supposed to cut out are good for you in general. So you should try it for no more than 2 months, and only with your doctor's approval. Among the foods the diet suggests you stop eating: Apples and apple juice, pears and pear juice, watermelon, mangos, cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and blackberries Asparagus, artichokes, legumes like beans and lentils, sugar snap peas, snow peas, onions, garlic, leeks, cauliflower, mushrooms, celery, and corn Milk, yogurt, soft cheeses like ricotta, cottage cheese, and cream cheese, custard, and ice cream Honey, high-fructose corn syrup, and certain sugar-free gums and candy Wheat and rye Cashews and pistachios One theory about IBS is that the normal blend of helpful bacteria that live in the intestines has been disrupted.
Question: Are people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) gassy?
Answer: Dealing with IBS and gas is hard. Symptoms vary widely from one person to the next, and no single treatment works for everyone. What gives someone else gas may not bother you at all. What brings you relief may have no effect on someone else. There are many different strategies you can try. Most have to do with what you eat. The type and amount of fiber you add matters. Certain carbs called FODMAPs are a problem for people with IBS. Some of them make more gas than others as they help break down your food. People with IBS may have too much of those types of bacteria. Anything that keeps your IBS under control may also help with gas.
Question: What are you allergic to if you have year round hay fever?
Answer: People with year-round (perennial) hay fever are usually allergic to one or more allergens found indoors. These include house dust mites, feathers, and animal dander (the tiny skin flakes animals such as cats and dogs shed along with fur), all of which may be found in pillows, and bedding, heavy draperies, upholstery, and carpeting. Another common allergen, mold, is usually found in damp areas such as bathrooms and basements.
Question: How can getting vaccinated help prevent autism?
Answer: Make sure you get the German measles (rubella) vaccine before you get pregnant.
Question: How does immunotherapy or biologic therapy treat advanced melanoma?
Answer: Immunotherapy or biologic therapy. These drugs help your immune system find and attack cancer cells. Depending on the ones you take, you might have to go in for treatment every 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Your doctor might want you to take more than one drug.
Question: What is targeted therapy for advanced melanoma and what are the risks?
Answer: These drugs turn off the genes in melanoma cells that make them grow out of control. Targeted therapy can do a good job at first, but it tends to stop working in time. Then you'd need to try another treatment. It's rare, but targeted therapy can cause problems with your heart, liver, kidneys, skin, or eyes. Some people may get a different kind of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.
Question: What are the side effects of treatment for advanced melanoma?
Answer: But they have some in common: Feeling very tired Changes in your appetite Constipation or diarrhea Itching Rashes Tell your doctor if you have any side effects, even if they don't seem too bad. Your doctor can help you manage them or keep them from getting worse.
Question: What are the risks of chemotherapy for advanced melanoma?
Answer: Some chemo drugs can damage your nerves and cause pain, burning, tingling, or weakness or make you more sensitive to heat or cold. Those problems usually go away when you stop treatment. Other side effects include: Hair loss Mouth sores Infection Bruising or bleeding Each kind of treatment has its own particular side effects to look out for.
Question: Is there treatment for melanoma once it's spread?
Answer: Based on where the disease spreads and how healthy you are, your doctor can suggest some treatments that would help you the most. It's important to have an open, honest talk with him about the kind of therapy you want, how long you want it, and your goals for your care.
Question: How will I feel if melanoma is spreading?
Answer: How the disease makes you feel depends on where in your body the cancer has spread to. For example, if it spreads to lymph nodes, they can get swollen and painful. If the melanoma goes to your lungs, you may have trouble breathing or a cough that won't go away. If it shows up in your liver, you may have indigestion, a swollen belly, or yellow skin and eyes, a condition called jaundice. In general, though, it's common for people with advanced melanoma to feel very tired, not feel hungry, and lose weight without trying.
Question: How does radiation treat advanced melanoma?
Answer: Radiation.
Question: How does surgery treat advanced melanoma?
Answer: This is the main way to remove melanoma from the skin and lymph nodes. You might also have an operation on organs where the cancer has spread. There's no guarantee your surgeon will get all of it. Some melanoma is too small to see, even with high-tech scans.
Question: How does melanoma spread?
Answer: Melanoma spreads when the tumor's cells travel through your body's tissues, blood, or lymph nodes. They can settle in your organs and keep growing there. They can do this because they're sneaky. Every day, your body makes cancerous cells. Normally they don't make it past âcheckpointsâ in your immune system, which destroys them. But melanoma cells can use these checkpoints to avoid attack.
Question: Can melanoma spread?
Answer: But others find out they have the disease when it's in an advanced stage. Some people find out it has spread after they've had a melanoma removed, sometimes years later. How the disease makes you feel depends on where in your body the cancer has spread to. For example, if it spreads to lymph nodes, they can get swollen and painful. This is the main way to remove melanoma from the skin and lymph nodes.
Question: Is there a cure for advanced melanoma?
Answer: This is called advanced, metastatic, or stage IV melanoma. But some can help you live longer and feel better. The goal of any therapy you get will be to shrink or remove your tumor, keep the cancer from spreading further, and ease your symptoms.
Question: What are uterine fibroids?
Answer: These tumors, usually benign, are generally found in the smooth muscles of the uterus, and can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Uterine fibroids are a common reason why women have hysterectomies, accounting for between 177,000 and 366,000 of the annual total.
Question: Can vaginal pessary help with avoiding hysterectomy if I have prolapse?
Answer: One treatment option is a vaginal pessary -- a removable device placed into the vagina to support areas where prolapse is happening. There are several different kinds of pessaries, and your doctor can help you decide which is best for your situation. They don't cure the prolapse, but can relieve symptoms partially or completely. Often, they can be helpful in pregnancy, holding the uterus in place before it enlarges and invades the vaginal canal.
Question: What is laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis?
Answer: A more long-term treatment for endometriosis that is more likely to help with fertility problems is laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive approach to either remove the endometrial growths and scar tissue, or burn them away with intense heat. If the growths can't all be safely destroyed this way, surgeons can take a more invasive approach, a laparotomy, which involves making a larger cut in the abdomen. This requires a much longer recovery period, but is still less invasive than hysterectomy and offers the prospect of retaining fertility.
Question: What is uterine artery embolization or uterine fibroid embolization?
Answer: Uterine artery embolization ( UAE), also known as uterine fibroid embolization ( UFE). This is a fairly simple, noninvasive procedure in which small particles are injected into the uterine arteries feeding the fibroids, cutting off their blood supply. Unlike a hysterectomy, this procedure preserves the uterus and helps women potentially avoid surgery.
Question: How many women every year have a hysterectomy?
Answer: One-third of American women experience some type of pelvic health disorder by the time they're age 60. And about 600,000 women every year have a hysterectomy -- removing their uterus to relieve troubling symptoms. Overall, an estimated 20 million women have had a hysterectomy. But if you have painful periods with excessive bleeding, fibroids, endometriosis, or another pelvic health problem, you should know that there are alternatives to hysterectomy to consider.
Question: What is hysteroscopy?
Answer: The insertion of a thin, telescope-like instrument through the vagina can be used if the fibroid is primarily within the cavity of the uterus. This is a minor surgical procedure with minimal recuperation time, but can only be offered to women who have fibroids within the lining of the uterine cavity.
Question: What is endometriosis?
Answer: About 5 million American women experience endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that behaves like the lining of the uterus -- the endometrium -- grows in other areas of the abdominal cavity, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outer surface of the uterus. Symptoms include pelvic pain, painful intercourse, spotting between periods, and infertility. The average woman with endometriosis has symptoms for two to five years before being diagnosed.
Question: What's the first type of treatment for uterine fibroids?
Answer: Painful symptoms of uterine fibroids can be initially treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Motrin. If that isn't effective, another option is a class of drugs that blocks the ovaries' production of estrogen and other hormones. Their side effects can include symptoms of premature menopause and a decrease in bone density. This is done only prior to scheduled fibroid removal, not long term.
Question: What does menorrhagia mean?
Answer: These tumors, usually benign, are generally found in the smooth muscles of the uterus, and can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and heavy menstrual bleeding. In many cases, the bleeding has a known cause, like uterine fibroids (see above), but in other cases the cause remains unknown. There's a medical threshold for menorrhagia -- losing more than 80 m L of blood in each menstrual cycle -- but most doctors now tend to define menorrhagia by how much it affects your daily life: causing pain, mood swings, and disruptions in your work, sexual activity, and other activities.
Question: What percentage of hysterectomies are done due to endometriosis?
Answer: About 5 million American women experience endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that behaves like the lining of the uterus -- the endometrium -- grows in other areas of the abdominal cavity, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outer surface of the uterus. As many as 13% of women see their endometriosis return within three years if their ovaries are left in place; the number climbs to 40% in five years. And since endometriosis often affects young women -- with an average age of about 27 -- a surgical option that removes all possibility of pregnancy isn't really an alternative.
Question: What is uterine prolapse?
Answer: One-third of American women experience some type of pelvic health disorder by the time they're age 60. Advancing age, smoking, pregnancy, and obesity are also significant risk factors.
Question: Can people with ocular albinism drive?
Answer: Children may have a hard time at school because they can't see things on a blackboard or screen.
Question: Do glasses help people with ocular albinism?
Answer: Bifocal glasses, prescription reading glasses, and contact lenses can help with vision. Some people also like using handheld magnifiers. And something as simple as having indoor lighting behind the shoulder instead of in front can help someone with ocular albinism see better.
Question: What are suggestions for helping children deal with ocular albinism?
Answer: Even though people who have this condition can be legally blind, they can still get a driver's license in some states if they wear special glasses with small telescopes, called bioptics, mounted on them. Your child's eye doctor also may suggest: Glasses or mini-telescopes Computerized dictation programs and computer devices, such as video cameras, that can bring images closer
Question: What are the causes of ocular albinism?
Answer: In most cases, it happens because of a problem with a gene they inherit from their mothers. Women carry this gene but don't usually have symptoms. Almost everyone who has the most common type, called type 1 or Nettleship- Falls, is male. About 1 in 60,000 males have this. Most people with ocular albinism have blue eyes.
Question: What are the symptoms of ocular albinism?
Answer: The condition affects the retina and the nerves behind the eyes. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye that sends the brain signals about what a person sees. Things look blurry because the retina doesn't develop the way it should. It can't make a sharp image and the nerves behind the eyes can't transmit a clear image to the brain. Another symptom is the way the eyes look. Albinism keeps the body from making enough of a chemical called melanin, which gives eyes, skin, and hair their color. Most people with ocular albinism have blue eyes. But the blood vessels inside can show through the colored part (the iris), and the eyes can look pink or red. Other eye symptoms include: Quick eye movements that can't be controlled. Eyes that look in different directions.
Question: How does the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) diagnose diabetes?
Answer: Research has shown that the OGTT is more sensitive than the FPG test for diagnosing prediabetes, but it is less convenient to administer. The OGTT requires you to fast for at least eight hours before the test. Your plasma glucose is measured immediately before and two hours after you drink a liquid containing 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water. Results and what they mean are shown in table 2. If your blood sugar level is between 140 and 199 mg/d L 2 hours after drinking the liquid, you have a form of prediabetes called impaired glucose tolerance or IGT, meaning that you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes but do not have it yet. A two-hour glucose level of 200 mg/d L or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means that you have diabetes.
Question: How is diabetes diagnosed?
Answer: The following tests are used for the diagnosis of diabetes: A fasting plasma glucose test measures your blood glucose after you have gone at least 8 hours without eating. This test is used to detect diabetes or prediabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test measures your blood sugar after you have gone at least eight hours without eating and two hours after you drink a glucose-containing beverage. This test can be used to diagnose diabetes or prediabetes. In a random plasma glucose test, your doctor checks your blood sugar without regard to when you ate your last meal. This test, along with an assessment of symptoms, is used to diagnose diabetes, but not prediabetes. Positive test results should be confirmed by repeating the fasting plasma glucose test or the oral glucose tolerance test on a different day. When first diagnosed with diabetes, your doctor may suggest a zinc transporter 8 autoantibody ( Zn T8 Ab) test. This blood test -- along with other information and test results -- can help determine if a person has type 1 diabetes and not another type. The goal of having the Zn T8 Ab test is a prompt and accurate diagnosis and that can lead to timely treatment.
Question: How are random blood glucose tests or hemoglobin A1c screenings used in the diagnosis of diabetes?
Answer: A random blood glucose level of 200 mg/d L or more, plus presence of the following symptoms, can mean that you have diabetes: Increased urination Increased thirst Unexplained weight loss Other symptoms include fatigue, blurred vision, increased hunger, and sores that do not heal. Your doctor will check your blood glucose level on another day using the FPG or the OGTT to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. Newer guidelines use hemoglobin A1c as a screening tool for prediabetes or diabetes (the test is normally used to measure blood glucose control in diabetes patients over several months). An Hb A1c of 5.7% to 6.4% is consistent with prediabetes and marks a time when it can be reversed by lifestyle changes. An Hb A1c of 6.5% or higher is consistent with diabetes.
Question: How is the oral glucose tolerance test used to diagnose diabetes?
Answer: The OGTT requires you to fast for at least eight hours before the test. Your plasma glucose is measured immediately before and two hours after you drink a liquid containing 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water. Results and what they mean are shown in table 2. If your blood sugar level is between 140 and 199 mg/d L 2 hours after drinking the liquid, you have a form of prediabetes called impaired glucose tolerance or IGT, meaning that you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes but do not have it yet. A two-hour glucose level of 200 mg/d L or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means that you have diabetes.
Question: How is gestational diabetes diagnosed?
Answer: Positive test results should be confirmed by repeating the fasting plasma glucose test or the oral glucose tolerance test on a different day. Blood sugar levels are checked four times during the test. If your blood sugar levels are above normal at least twice during the test, you have gestational diabetes.
Question: What are germicidal air cleaners?
Answer: Germicidal air cleaners use ultraviolet ( UV) lights to kill bacteria, viruses, and molds that pass through the area with the UV light. Such UV lights can be included with other air cleaner devices, which use a fan.
Question: What are mechanical air filters?
Answer: There are many types of air filters available, including: Mechanical air filters use a fan to force air through a special screen that traps particles such as smoke, pollens, and other airborne allergens.
Question: What type of air filters are ozone generators?
Answer: Ozone generators are devices that intentionally produce high concentrations of ozone to clean the air in a room. They are often used to decontaminate rooms after smoke exposure following a fire. Ozone causes bronchospasm in people with asthma, even in low concentrations, and thus should be avoided.
Question: How can air filters help control asthma?
Answer: If you or a loved one has asthma symptoms and there's a smoker in your home, an air filter is likely to improve your asthma control. If there is no secondhand smoke in your home, air cleaners may not help your asthma. If you are the one smoking, a room air cleaner will only help the nonsmokers in your home, not you. The bottom line on using air filters to prevent an asthma attack? If you're a healthy individual living in a relatively unpolluted environment, there's probably no need to spend the money.
Question: What are hybrid air filters?
Answer: Hybrid air filters contain elements of both mechanical and electrostatic filters.
Question: What are electronic air filters?
Answer: Electronic air filters use electrical charges to attract and deposit allergens and irritants. If the device contains collecting plates, the particles are captured within the system; otherwise, they stick to room surfaces and have to be cleared away. A disadvantage of these units is that almost all of them create small amounts of ozone. Ozone irritates airways, causing temporary bronchospasm in those with asthma, and nasal congestion in those with hay fever or rhinitis.