anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can liver transplant help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: Some children get cirrhosis by age 10 or older and may be more likely to get liver cancer. If this happens, your doctor may suggest a liver transplant. A successful transplant can greatly ease the symptoms and complications of low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis. However, there can be a long wait for a liver to become available. After surgery, your child will need to take drugs to keep the body from rejecting the new organ.
Question: What causes low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: If your child has the disorder, a gene that helps form the liver carries faulty instructions. When that happens, bile can't flow through your child's liver, leading to a condition called cholestasis. One of the signs is that his body doesn't make enough of a chemical called gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma- GT for short, that helps digestion.
Question: How common is low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: It happens to about 1 in every 50,000 to 100,000 children.
Question: What are non-surgery treatments for low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: There's no single treatment for low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis, but there are a variety of steps that can ease the symptoms and slow down the liver damage that happens as the condition goes on. Small children may get special formula that has a form of fat that's easier for the body to absorb. Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease.
Question: How can surgery help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease. In one procedure, doctors use a short section of intestine to make a new duct to let bile drain out of your child's body through an opening in the skin on the belly, called a stoma. This type of surgery, called an external biliary diversion, can work in kids who don't have cirrhosis. In another procedure, a surgeon bypasses a section of the intestine where bile salts get absorbed back into the body and routes it to the colon, the last section of your intestines.
Question: What are symptoms of low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?
Answer: Low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis is a rare liver disease that usually shows up in children. The result can be low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis, which causes bile to build up in liver cells and damage the organ. Other symptoms your child may get are: Jaundice, which causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to look yellow Diarrhea or pale, greasy stool Dark-colored urine Discolored teeth Vitamin deficiencies, especially the vitamins A, D, E, and K Delayed growth Gallstones, which happen when solid particles block a bile duct If your doctor suspects a liver problem in your child, you'll probably get referred to a specialist who knows about liver ailments in children.
Question: What corticosteroids can cause anxiety?
Answer: You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes. They treat conditions like asthma, allergies, arthritis, and bronchitis. Doctors aren't sure why, but these medicines can make some people irritable and anxious. You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain.
Question: What medicines for Parkinsonâs disease can cause anxiety?
Answer: Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's. The extended-release capsule form of this drug ( Rytary) can cause anxiety. Ask your doctor if another medication might be an option. If your meds are causing you problems, ask your doctor about adjusting doses or switching drugs.
Question: What headache or migraine medicines have caffeine in them?
Answer: They include: Some headache and migraine medicines include caffeine. It's a drug that stimulates your nervous system, which can rev up your heart and blood pressure and make you jittery, nervous, and anxious. If you're prone to anxiety, caffeine can heighten your symptoms. You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes.
Question: What asthma medications can cause anxiety?
Answer: Some bronchodilators, medicines that open up airways in your lungs, may also cause anxiety, even if you didn't have it before. They include: Albuterol. It's common for albuterol to cause trembling or shakiness and, less commonly, racing heartbeats. All those can seem like the signs of a panic attack. Salmeterol. Possible side effects include nervousness, sweating, fast heartbeat, and anxiety. Theophylline. This drug has been around for decades, but fewer doctors prescribe it today.
Question: What ADHD drugs can cause anxiety?
Answer: You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain. They also change the way your nerve cells send messages. Both of these things can make you restless and anxious, especially if you're taking high doses. Mood changes are a common side effect of these medications: Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine ( Adderall) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Ritalin) Some of these drugs can make mood disorders worse, such as depression and anxiety.
Question: Can medications for seizures cause anxiety?
Answer: But some drugs target the same parts of your body that play a role in anxiety symptoms. Both of these things can make you restless and anxious, especially if you're taking high doses. But it can cause panic attacks, agitation, and anxiety. Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's.
Question: What seizure drugs can cause anxiety?
Answer: But some drugs target the same parts of your body that play a role in anxiety symptoms. But it can cause panic attacks, agitation, and anxiety. Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's.
Question: What other signs and symptoms can I develop from an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?
Answer: If you have an enlarged spleen, you may develop other signs or symptoms, too. These are related to the underlying disease. They may include signs and symptoms such as: Fatigue Weight loss Frequent infections Easy bleeding Jaundice Anemia Your doctor will ask you questions and do a physical exam to diagnose an enlarged, painful spleen.
Question: How will my doctor diagnose an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?
Answer: They may include signs and symptoms such as: Fatigue Weight loss Frequent infections Easy bleeding Jaundice Anemia Your doctor will ask you questions and do a physical exam to diagnose an enlarged, painful spleen. This involves palpating (examining by touch) your spleen. You will also likely need diagnostic tests to confirm the cause of the swollen spleen. These may include blood tests, an ultrasound, or computerized tomography ( CT) scan. In some cases, other tests may be needed.
Question: Can cancer cause an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?
Answer: Here are some common causes of an enlarged spleen: Infections Viral infections, such as mononucleosis Parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis Bacterial infections, such as endocarditis (an infection of your heart's valves) Cancer Leukemia, a cancer in which white blood cells displace normal blood cells Lymphoma, a cancer of lymph tissue, such as Hodgkin's disease Other causes of an enlarged spleen include: Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis Trauma, such as an injury during contact sports Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the spleen A cyst, a noncancerous fluid-filled sac A large abscess, a pus-filled cavity usually caused by a bacterial infection Infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher disease, amyloidosis, or glycogen storage diseases Most people don't know they have an enlarged spleen because symptoms are rare.
Question: How is an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) treated?
Answer: Here are some common causes of an enlarged spleen: Infections Viral infections, such as mononucleosis Parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis Bacterial infections, such as endocarditis (an infection of your heart's valves) Cancer Leukemia, a cancer in which white blood cells displace normal blood cells Lymphoma, a cancer of lymph tissue, such as Hodgkin's disease Other causes of an enlarged spleen include: Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis Trauma, such as an injury during contact sports Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the spleen A cyst, a noncancerous fluid-filled sac A large abscess, a pus-filled cavity usually caused by a bacterial infection Infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher disease, amyloidosis, or glycogen storage diseases Most people don't know they have an enlarged spleen because symptoms are rare. A ruptured spleen can cause lots of blood loss and be life threatening. It's important to seek treatment for the cause of your enlarged spleen. Left untreated, an enlarged spleen can lead to serious complications. In most cases, treatment of the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen can prevent removal of the spleen. In some cases, the spleen will need to be removed surgically (splenectomy).
Question: What does it mean if you have an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?
Answer: But diseases can cause it to swell and become many times its normal size. Because the spleen is involved in many functions, many conditions may affect it. An enlarged spleen is not always a sign of a problem. When a spleen becomes enlarged, though, it often means it has been doing its job but has become overactive. For example, sometimes the spleen is overactive in removing and destroying blood cells. This is called hypersplenism. It can happen for many reasons, including problems with too many platelets and other disorders of the blood. In most cases, treatment of the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen can prevent removal of the spleen.
Question: What are the symptoms of an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?
Answer: A doctor usually can't feel it during an exam. These are the most common symptoms of an enlarged spleen: Being unable to eat a large meal. Feeling discomfort, fullness, or pain on the upper left side of the abdomen; this pain may spread to your left shoulder.
Question: What should my triglyceride level be?
Answer: Your doctor may recommend a goal of 150 mg/d L or less. Recently, though, The American Heart Association has suggested a lower level is best for health. That level is less than 100 mg/d L. 3.
Question: How long will I be on medicine for high triglycerides?
Answer: That depends. You may need to take meds indefinitely to keep your triglyceride levels out of the danger zone. Stick with your new healthy habits, and you may be able to work with your doctor to reduce the amount of medicine you take or stop it altogether.
Question: Whatâs the best way to lose weight?
Answer: Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you. Make positive changes, like choosing smaller portions, keeping a food diary, and limiting your snacks. Add physical activity to help boost your metabolism and burn fat.
Question: Why are high triglycerides dangerous?
Answer: They can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke, especially when you have a low level of HDL. They also make you more likely to develop diabetes. Here are some facts to keep in mind: You are on your way to being high risk if your number is between 151 and 200 mg/d L. You have a higher risk of heart disease if your number is above 200 mg/d L. Your doctor may prescribe medicine in addition to other steps you already take if your number is above 500 mg/d L. 4.
Question: What can I do on my own to lower my triglycerides?
Answer: You get some from the food you eat, and your body makes some. If your numbers are very high, you will likely need to take medicine to reach a healthy range. Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you.
Question: What cancer treatments can help me get to remission?
Answer: Different treatments can help you get to remission: Drugs like chemotherapy or targeted therapies Radiation Surgery Hormone therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow or stem-cell therapy You may need to combine two or more treatments to get to remission.
Question: What are the types of cancer remission?
Answer: There are two types: Partial: Treatments have killed off most of your cancer cells, but tests show you still have some in your body. Your tumor has shrunk at least to half of its original size or doesn't grow bigger. Your doctor may also say it's stable. Complete: All signs of your cancer and its symptoms are gone.
Question: Can I combine cancer treatments?
Answer: Different treatments can help you get to remission: Drugs like chemotherapy or targeted therapies Radiation Surgery Hormone therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow or stem-cell therapy You may need to combine two or more treatments to get to remission. You could have surgery to remove a tumor, then take medicine or radiation to kill cancer cells left behind.
Question: Does cancer remission mean that it is gone forever?
Answer: That doesn't mean your cancer is gone forever. You can still have cancer cells somewhere in your body. Regular checkups will help your doctor make sure the disease isn't active again.
Question: What are the side effects and risks of cancer treatment?
Answer: Every cancer treatment has risks and side effects. Some drugs and radiation can lower fertility or make it hard to get pregnant later on. Talk to your doctor to decide which treatments are right for you.
Question: How does maintenance therapy keep my cancer in remission?
Answer: That means you take lower doses of cancer drugs or hormones to keep the disease from coming back. You're still in remission, and these treatments help you stay there.
Question: What does a treatment plan for remission depend on?
Answer: You may be able to stop your treatments once you get there. What's in the plan depends on: Your type of cancer What stage it's in Side effects or risks of each treatment Your age or other health problems If your cancer is in an early stage and hasn't spread to other areas of your body, you might choose aggressive treatment.
Question: What does the treatment for psoriatic arthritis depend on?
Answer: Medications can often help manage psoriatic arthritis, but when they don't, surgery might be an option. Your treatment will depend on how severe your condition is. You may need to try more than one thing before you and your doctor find what works.
Question: When is surgery needed to treat psoriatic arthritis?
Answer: Most people with psoriatic arthritis will never need surgery. But when nothing else has worked, surgery can relieve pain, help an affected joint work, and allow you to move more. A procedure called synovectomy removes the diseased lining of a joint. If the damage is very bad, you may need surgery to replace your joint, called arthroplasty. When a joint can't easily be replaced, joint fusion might make it stronger, more stable, and less painful.
Question: How are steroids used to treat psoriatic arthritis?
Answer: These can slow or stop pain, swelling, and joint and tissue damage. You take them by mouth or inject them directly into a joint or muscle. They're not the same as the muscle-building type of anabolic steroids. Prednisone is a common steroid. It can help for a short time, but it might make the skin rash worse. Doctors prescribe steroids only when you really need them. If you use them for a long time, you could have serious side effects such as brittle bones, weight gain, hypertension, and diabetes.
Question: What are the types of motor tics?
Answer: Motor tics can be classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics may include movements such as eye-blinking, nose-twitching, head-jerking, or shoulder-shrugging. Complex motor tics consist of a series of movements performed in the same order. For instance a person might reach out and touch something repeatedly or kick out with one leg and then the other.
Question: Do ADHD medications cause tics?
Answer: Doctors once believed that certain medications, including some used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, induced tics in children that were prone to them. Newer studies, though, suggest this is not the case.
Question: Can Tourette's get better?
Answer: The severity of Tourette's syndrome often changes over time. There may be periods of reduced tic frequency followed by heightened tic activity. Fortunately, many people with Tourette's syndrome find that their condition improves as they get older.
Question: Who gets tics?
Answer: While people of all ages can experience tics, they are most prevalent in children. Experts say that around 25% of children experience tics. And tics are far more likely to affect boys than girls.
Question: What is benign essential blepharospasm?
Answer: Blepharospasm refers to the muscles of one or both eyelids twitching uncontrollably. This often occurs repeatedly over a sustained period of time. In extreme cases, which are rare, benign essential blepharospasm may also involve the eyebrows, mouth, and neck.
Question: How do doctors identify and diagnose tic disorders?
Answer: Doctors use four characteristics to identify and diagnose tic disorders: the age when tics began duration of the tics severity of the tics whether tics are motor or vocal or both Transient tic disorder.
Question: How are tic disorders treated?
Answer: The treatment for tic disorders depends on the severity of the condition. In many instances, no treatment is needed and the tics will resolve on their own. In other cases, doctors may prescribe behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of the two. Behavioral therapy helps people learn to manage their tic symptoms and reduce tic frequency. Medications are typically used to reduce tic frequency and enhance a person's daily life. This usually does not result in the complete remission of tic symptoms.
Question: What are chronic motor or vocal tic disorders?
Answer: While transient tics disappear within a year, chronic tics can last for a year or more. Chronic tic disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more long-lasting tics. They may be either motor or vocal, but not both.
Question: What is a transient tic disorder?
Answer: It affects between 5% and 25% of school-age children. Transient tic disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more tics for at least one month but less than one year. The majority of tics seen in this disorder are motor tics, though vocal tics may also be present. Many children with the disorder experience multiple episodes of the transient tics, which may vary in how they manifest over time.
Question: What are the types of tics?
Answer: Tics. There are two types of tics -- motor tics and vocal tics. These short-lasting sudden movements (motor tics) or uttered sounds (vocal tics) occur suddenly during what is otherwise normal behavior. For instance a person might reach out and touch something repeatedly or kick out with one leg and then the other.
Question: How can removing spinal fluid help with papilledema?
Answer: Removing some spinal fluid often eases the pressure and symptoms. Sometimes, just the fluid needed for testing is enough to make a difference.
Question: What is the link between papilledema and being overweight?
Answer: The exact link to being overweight isn't clear. It's possible that belly fat increases pressure in the chest and starts a chain reaction to the brain.
Question: Can treatment cure papilledema?
Answer: Unless your doctor finds a specific cause and you treat it successfully, papilledema can return.
Question: How can pain relievers help with papilledema?
Answer: You can take a pain reliever for your headaches. Topiramate ( Topamax), used for migraines and seizures, also helps some people lose weight and lowers the pressure inside the skull.
Question: What medications can cause papilledema?
Answer: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH).
Question: How is mild vision loss in papilledema treated?
Answer: For mild vision loss, treatment is usually to lose weight and take a diuretic (water pill) called acetazolamide. This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.
Question: What is the treatment for papilledema?
Answer: If you don't treat it, papilledema can lead to vision loss. For instance, you might need antibiotics for a brain infection, surgery to drain an abscess or remove a tumor, or medicine to dissolve a blood clot. Your doctor may be able to switch a problem medication. Otherwise, your symptoms will likely guide your treatment. With slight papilledema and no symptoms, your doctor might simply keep checking you and do regular testing to spot any vision problems as soon as possible.
Question: How is papilledema diagnosed?
Answer: Papilledema is swelling of your optic disc, the place where the nerve that goes to your brain connects inside your eye. An imaging test, such as an MRI, can provide more details and possibly show what's causing the pressure in your brain. Later on, MRIs can measure how well treatment is working. Your doctor may want you to have a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. This test measures the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid that runs through your brain and spinal cord. Further tests on a sample of this fluid can help diagnose an infection or tumor.
Question: What can untreated papilledema lead to?
Answer: If you don't treat it, papilledema can lead to vision loss. In later stages, your vision can become completely blurred. Some people go blind in one or both eyes.
Question: What causes papilledema?
Answer: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH). This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.