anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What else could a lump in your thyroid be?
Answer: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all. Your doctor will examine your thyroid during routine physical exams. If you have any symptoms between checkups, such as a new nodule on the gland or a rapidly growing one, you should make an appointment to have your thyroid gland checked. Your doctor will do several tests to diagnose the source of the problem and decide on the best treatment.
Question: What could a lump in the thyroid be other than cancer?
Answer: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
Question: Are symptoms always a sign of thyroid cancer?
Answer: In fact, they're usually caused by other things. You'll need to see your doctor to find out what it is. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
Question: Are symptoms of thyroid cancer basis for diagnosis?
Answer: In fact, they're usually caused by other things. You'll need to see your doctor to find out what it is. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
Question: Why are cockroaches an asthma trigger?
Answer: Cockroach droppings contain a protein that is a primary asthma trigger. Cockroaches need water to survive and they thrive on what you leave behind. So, they'll be less likely to be a problem in a clean, dry house. Fix leaks, keep food in containers, don't leave out dirty dishes, clean the kitchen thoroughly after meals, including under appliances, and take out the garbage regularly. Also block any openings through which cockroaches could enter from outside, including windows, wall cracks, and floor gaps.
Question: What medicines can treat ulcerative colitis (UC)?
Answer: When you have ulcerative colitis ( UC), you'll definitely take medicine to help manage it. There are several kinds your doctor will consider, depending on what you need. Most people with UC take prescription drugs called aminosalicylates (or â5- ASAsâ) that tame inflammation in the gut. These include balsalazide ( Colazal), mesalamine ( Asacol HD, Delzicol), olsalazine ( Dipentum), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Which one you take, and whether it is taken by mouth or as an enema or suppository, depend on the area of your colon that's affected. As long as you avoid your triggers, these may be enough if your disease is mild to moderate. You may need something else if your condition is more severe or if those standard treatments stop working.
Question: What are side effects of taking steroids to treat ulcerative colitis (UC)?
Answer: These turn down your immune system to fight inflammation. But steroids aren't a long-term solution, because they can cause side effects like: Weight gain Acne High blood pressure High blood sugar Mood swings Bone loss They also don't prevent future flares. So it's best to use them only for a short time and at the lowest dose that helps.
Question: What can cause acute insomnia?
Answer: Causes of acute insomnia can include: Major life stress (job loss or change, death of a loved one, divorce, moving) Illness Emotional or physical discomfort Noise, light, or being too hot or too cold while you're trying to sleep Some medications (including certain ones for colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma) Changes to a normal sleep schedule (like jet lag or switching from a day shift to night shift, for example) Causes of chronic insomnia include: Irregular sleep schedules Substances that interfere with sleep (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) Activities that stimulate the brain (playing video games, watching TV) right before bedtime For some people, exercising too close to bed time Using the bedroom for activities other than sleep and sex Depression or anxiety Chronic stress Pain or discomfort at night Poor sleep habits If you think you have insomnia, talk to your doctor or health care provider.
Question: Whatâs the difference between primary and secondary insomnia?
Answer: People with insomnia have one or more of these symptoms: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up during the night and having trouble going back to sleep Waking up too early in the morning Feeling tired when you wake up Being sleepy or tired during the day Feeling cranky or irritable Problems with focus or memory Primary insomnia is not directly linked to any other health condition or problem. Secondary insomnia comes from something else, like a health condition (such as asthma, depression, arthritis, cancer, or heartburn), pain, a medication, or a substance like alcohol.
Question: What can cause chronic insomnia?
Answer: Causes of acute insomnia can include: Major life stress (job loss or change, death of a loved one, divorce, moving) Illness Emotional or physical discomfort Noise, light, or being too hot or too cold while you're trying to sleep Some medications (including certain ones for colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma) Changes to a normal sleep schedule (like jet lag or switching from a day shift to night shift, for example) Causes of chronic insomnia include: Irregular sleep schedules Substances that interfere with sleep (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) Activities that stimulate the brain (playing video games, watching TV) right before bedtime For some people, exercising too close to bed time Using the bedroom for activities other than sleep and sex Depression or anxiety Chronic stress Pain or discomfort at night Poor sleep habits If you think you have insomnia, talk to your doctor or health care provider.
Question: How is insomnia treated?
Answer: You may not even need any treatment for acute insomnia. In mild cases, it often can be cured with good sleep habits (see below). If your insomnia makes it hard for you to function during the day because you are tired, your doctor may prescribe sleeping pills for a limited time. These quick-working, short-acting drugs can help you avoid next-day drowsiness. There is not a lot of evidence that over-the-counter sleeping pills are effective for insomnia. They may have troubling side effects including daytime drowsiness.. Good sleep habits, also called sleep hygiene, can help you get a good night's sleep and beat insomnia.
Question: How can alcohol affect chronic pain?
Answer: If you're living with chronic pain, drinking less or no alcohol can improve your quality of life. When you focus on pain, it makes it worse rather than better.
Question: How long does it take to get the results of a lung biopsy?
Answer: Your lung biopsy sample will be sent to a lab, and you'll get results within a week. You may get a chest X-ray to make sure your lungs are working OK. If you weren't asleep, you should be able to go home after a few hours. Have someone pick you up, because it's not safe to drive. Otherwise, you may need to stay in the hospital for one or more nights.
Question: What can you expect after getting a thoracoscopy or open lung biopsy?
Answer: However, doctors remove fewer cells than with other procedures, which sometimes makes it more difficult to make a diagnosis If you're getting a thoracoscopy or open biopsy, you can get the sample of cells tested right away. Depending on the results, your doctor can remove more samples, or even an entire lung, during the same surgery.
Question: How can a lung biopsy cause pneumonia?
Answer: Pneumonia is a risk for all types of lung biopsies. Pneumothorax, where air leaks out between the lung and chest cavity, can make it hard to breathe or cause your lung to collapse with these procedures, but your doctor will watch for this and suck out air as needed. Other rare but serious complications of surgical lung biopsies may include severe bleeding, wound infection, and blood clots.
Question: When might someone get a lung needle biopsy (transthoracic biopsy)?
Answer: You usually get this type of lung biopsy when cells can't be reached with a bronchoscopy. Your doctor places a needle through your chest between two ribs to take a sample from the outer area of your lungs. You'll be awake and your skin will be numbed, and you may get a sedative to relax. To find the best place to do the procedure, you'll get an ultrasound, CT scan, or a special type of X-ray known as fluoroscopy. When the needle enters your lung, you may feel discomfort or pressure. You'll need to avoid coughing, and you may have to hold your breath.
Question: When should you call a doctor about lung biopsy complications?
Answer: Call your doctor if you have any signs of infection or complications, which include: Fever over 100.4 F Redness, swelling, or blood or fluid leaking from the wound Severe chest pain Shortness of breath Coughing up blood or blood-tinged mucus
Question: What tests are done to help make sure a lung biopsy is safe for you?
Answer: To make sure a lung biopsy is safe, your doctor may suggest you get a full physical exam and blood tests. Let him know if you're pregnant or have any allergies, including to latex or drugs.
Question: What is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery?
Answer: It checks for problems on the outside of your lungs. You'll get general anesthesia for this procedure, which means you won't be awake for it. Your doctor puts a breathing tube down your throat and into your lungs and keeps tabs on your breathing, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and heart rate. The doctor makes up to three small cuts on your chest between your ribs, then puts a thin, lighted tube with a camera on the end and uses tiny tools to pull out some cells.
Question: What do you need to know about lung biopsy?
Answer: In this procedure, a doctor removes a small sample of cells from your lung and checks it under a microscope for signs of disease. You may also get a lung biopsy to help figure out why there's fluid in your lungs or to diagnose cancer. Whatever the reason, you may have lots of questions about how it's done and how to get ready. A lot depends on which type of lung biopsy your doctor recommends. To find the best place to do the procedure, you'll get an ultrasound, CT scan, or a special type of X-ray known as fluoroscopy.
Question: What is an open lung biopsy (limited thoracotomy)?
Answer: In this procedure, a doctor removes a small sample of cells from your lung and checks it under a microscope for signs of disease. A light and camera help guide tiny tools that take cells from your lung out through the tube. You usually get this type of lung biopsy when cells can't be reached with a bronchoscopy. You'll get general anesthesia for this procedure, which means you won't be awake for it.
Question: Can you eat before you have a lung biopsy?
Answer: You'll need to avoid coughing, and you may have to hold your breath. If you'll be awake during the procedure, you may be able to drink water in the morning.
Question: What should I do for someone with hypothermia?
Answer: Confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech Drop in body temperature below 95 Farenheit Exhaustion or drowsiness Loss of consciousness Numb hands or feet Shallow breathing Shivering In infants, symptoms include: Bright red, cold skin Very low energy level Get the person indoors. Remove wet clothing and dry the person off, if needed. Warm the person's trunk first, not hands and feet. Warming extremities first can cause shock. Warm the person by wrapping him or her in blankets or putting dry clothing on the person. Do not immerse the person in warm water. Rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia. If using hot water bottles or chemical hot packs, wrap them in cloth; don't apply them directly to the skin.
Question: What are symptoms of hypothermia in adults and children?
Answer: Confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech Drop in body temperature below 95 Farenheit Exhaustion or drowsiness Loss of consciousness Numb hands or feet Shallow breathing Shivering In infants, symptoms include: Bright red, cold skin Very low energy level Get the person indoors.
Question: How can cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) help with treating hypothermia?
Answer: Hypothermia causes respiratory rates to plunge, and a pulse might be difficult to detect. For a child, start CPR for children. For an adult, start adult CPR. Continue CPR until the person begins breathing or emergency help arrives.
Question: What are symptoms of hypothermia in infants?
Answer: Confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech Drop in body temperature below 95 Farenheit Exhaustion or drowsiness Loss of consciousness Numb hands or feet Shallow breathing Shivering In infants, symptoms include: Bright red, cold skin Very low energy level Get the person indoors.
Question: Can drinking fluids help with hypothermia?
Answer: If the person is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Avoid caffeine or alcohol.
Question: What is the link between ADHD and marijuana use?
Answer: Researchers have also found links between ADHD and the use of marijuana and other recreational drugs, particularly in people who also have other psychological disorders (such as obsessive-compulsive disorder). What's more, people with ADHD typically start having problems with drugs and alcohol at an earlier age than people without the condition.
Question: What kind of problems can ADHD turn into?
Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.
Question: What do long-term studies suggest about substance abuse in boys with ADHD?
Answer: One of the longest-term studies, which followed 100 boys with ADHD for 10 years, showed no greater risk for substance abuse in boys who took stimulant drugs compared to those who didn't take the drugs. An earlier study by the same authors even suggested that stimulant use might protect against later drug abuse and alcoholism in children with ADHD by relieving the ADHD symptoms that often lead to substance abuse problems. The earlier the stimulants are started, the lower the potential for substance abuse down the road.
Question: When is it more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol?
Answer: It is also more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol during their teenage years. In one study, 14% of children ages 15-17 with ADHD had problems with alcohol abuse or dependence as adults, compared to peers without ADHD. Another study found that at a mean age of 14.9 years, 40% of children with ADHD began using alcohol, compared to 22% of children without an ADHD diagnosis -- a strong predictor of alcohol and substance abuse in adulthood. Young adults (mean age of 25), on the other hand, were just as likely to use alcohol whether or not they had an ADHD diagnosis, but those with ADHD were likelier to use alcohol excessively .
Question: Why are people with ADHD more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol?
Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say. Also, both ADHD and alcoholism tend to run in families. A child with ADHD who has a parent with alcoholism is more likely to also develop an alcohol abuse problem. Researchers have pointed to common genes shared between ADHD and alcoholism.
Question: Why do parents worry about treating their children for ADHD?
Answer: Parents sometimes worry whether the stimulant drugs their children are taking to treat ADHD (such as Ritalin and Adderall) are themselves addictive.
Question: Why are people with ADHD more likely to have problems with drugs or alcohol?
Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.
Question: Is ADHD more common in people with alcohol or substance abuse problems?
Answer: Several studies have shown a strong connection between ADHD, drug abuse, and alcoholism. ADHD is five to 10 times more common among adult alcoholics than it is in people without the condition. Among adults being treated for alcohol and substance abuse, the rate of ADHD is about 25%.
Question: Are Ritalin or other stimulants effective in someone with both ADHD and substance abuse problems?
Answer: Whether Ritalin and other stimulants are effective treatments for ADHD patients with substance abuse problems is less clear. These drugs may be useful when prescribed in a long-acting form and in a controlled way to minimize the risk for becoming physically dependent on or misusing them.
Question: What treatment is available to someone with ADHD who develops an alcohol or substance abuse problem?
Answer: It's important to remember that not everyone with ADHD will develop an alcohol or substance abuse problem. In adults who do develop a problem, doctors suggest treatment with nonstimulant medications, including guanfacine ( Tenex, Intuniv), Clonidine ( Kapvay), or atomoxetine ( Strattera), and sometimes certain antidepressants such as Desipramine ( Norpramin) and Bupropion ( Wellbutrin).
Question: How do stimulant medications work to treat ADHD?
Answer: Stimulant medications work by raising levels of a chemical messenger called dopamine in the brain, which helps improve focus and attention -- skills that people with ADHD often find difficult to master.
Question: Is it more common for children with ADHD to abuse alcohol as teenagers?
Answer: It is also more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol during their teenage years. In one study, 14% of children ages 15-17 with ADHD had problems with alcohol abuse or dependence as adults, compared to peers without ADHD.
Question: How are ADHD medications abused?
Answer: There have been reports of people using ADHD stimulants that weren't prescribed for them. People have crushed and snorted Ritalin tablets or dissolved the drug in water and taken it intravenously. Studies show that abusing Ritalin can lead to dependence on the drug. When carefully taken as prescribed, though, Ritalin is less likely to be addictive in children or adults.
Question: Do ADHD and alcoholism run in families?
Answer: Also, both ADHD and alcoholism tend to run in families. A child with ADHD who has a parent with alcoholism is more likely to also develop an alcohol abuse problem. Researchers have pointed to common genes shared between ADHD and alcoholism.
Question: What kind of substance abuse programs are available for people with ADHD?
Answer: Individual or group therapy, as well as 12-step support groups, can also be an important part of the substance abuse program for people with ADHD.
Question: Are children with ADHD more at risk for substance abuse problems as adults?
Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.
Question: What happens if someone develops a tolerance to ADHD medication?
Answer: Long-term use of all stimulants can sometimes lead to a phenomenon called tolerance -- that is, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect of a controlled substance. If and when this happens, a doctor may then be more likely to consider using nonstimulant medicines to treat ADHD.
Question: How effective is Ritalin in ADHD patients?
Answer: Parents sometimes worry whether the stimulant drugs their children are taking to treat ADHD (such as Ritalin and Adderall) are themselves addictive. When carefully taken as prescribed, though, Ritalin is less likely to be addictive in children or adults. It's important to remember that not everyone with ADHD will develop an alcohol or substance abuse problem.
Question: How similar is Ritalin to cocaine?
Answer: What's more, people with ADHD typically start having problems with drugs and alcohol at an earlier age than people without the condition. However, researchers have found marked differences between the two drugs. One of the factors that leads to addiction and drug abuse is how quickly a drug raises dopamine levels. The faster dopamine levels go up, the greater the potential for abuse. One researcher found that Ritalin takes about an hour to raise dopamine levels in the brain, compared to only seconds with inhaled cocaine. The doses of Ritalin and other stimulants used to treat ADHD tend to be lower and longer-acting, which reduces the risk of addiction. Long-term use of all stimulants can sometimes lead to a phenomenon called tolerance -- that is, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect of a controlled substance. If and when this happens, a doctor may then be more likely to consider using nonstimulant medicines to treat ADHD.
Question: What are signs of a dust mite allergy?
Answer: If you are sensitive or allergic to them, you may have: Watery, red eyes Runny or itchy nose and sneezing Sore throat or hoarse voice Coughing and other breathing problems Skin rash and itching Worsening of your asthma Dust mites settle down in carpet, draperies, stuffed animals, and upholstered furniture.
Question: What are some tips for using dust mite covers for mattresses and pillows to prevent allergies?
Answer: You can find dust mite covers for mattresses, pillows, and box springs at mattress and allergy supply stores and in a variety of materials. Plastic or vinyl covers with zippers help seal in allergens so you don't inhale them when sleeping. Plastic or vinyl covers are easier to keep clean than covers made of natural fibers. Many plastic covers have an outer layer of material like nylon to make them more comfortable. If possible, cover your mattress and pillows when they are new. Put duct tape or electrical tape over cover zippers to double-block dust-mites from coming and going.
Question: Where do dust mites live?
Answer: Dust mites are everywhere -- anywhere there are people or animals, warm temperatures, and high humidity. They like to be indoors, where they can get plenty of food like mold spores and dead skin cells from people and pets. If you are sensitive or allergic to them, you may have: Watery, red eyes Runny or itchy nose and sneezing Sore throat or hoarse voice Coughing and other breathing problems Skin rash and itching Worsening of your asthma Dust mites settle down in carpet, draperies, stuffed animals, and upholstered furniture. Mattresses, pillows, and soft bedding are favorite hangouts.
Question: What are some ways to minimize dust mites to prevent allergies?
Answer: You can find dust mite covers for mattresses, pillows, and box springs at mattress and allergy supply stores and in a variety of materials. Cold water does not kill dust mites. Wash sheets and pillowcases at least once a week. Wash comforters and bedspreads every one to two months. Consider using an electric blanket, which can reduce humidity on bed surfaces. Wash and dry stuffed animals often and keep them off beds. Clean mattresses in late winter and early spring by vacuuming them with the upholstery attachment on your vacuum cleaner or a powerful handheld vacuum.
Question: What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: That's because your kidneys can't remove waste products from your body like they should.
Question: Why do you need to limit potassium when you have chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: This mineral helps your nerves and muscles work properly. But when you have CKD, your body can't filter out excess potassium. When you have too much of it in your blood, it can lead to serious heart problems.
Question: How can you cut sodium in your diet when you have chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: Try these simple tips to cut the sodium in your diet: Avoid table salt and high-sodium seasonings (soy sauce, sea salt, garlic salt, etc.). Cook at home -- most fast foods are high in sodium.