anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is a glycated hemoglobin test?
Answer: It measures your average blood glucose level for 2 to 3 months. If you have an A1c level of 6.5 or higher on two separate exams, you have diabetes.
Question: What is a random blood sugar test?
Answer: It checks your blood glucose at a random time of day. A level of 200 mg/d L or higher is a sign that you have diabetes.
Question: Will my doctor suggest exercise if I have type 1 diabetes as an adult?
Answer: Your doctor will probably encourage you to get regular exercise. It can help you stay at a healthy weight and keep your blood glucose levels within a normal range.
Question: How does type 1 diabetes affect the immune system?
Answer: What experts do know is that when you have type 1 diabetes, something goes wrong with your immune system -- the body's defense against germs. It destroys beta cells in your pancreas that are responsible for making a hormone called insulin. Insulin allows glucose -- or sugar -- to get into your cells, where it's turned into energy. But if you have type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't make insulin. Glucose builds up in your bloodstream and, over time, can cause serious health problems.
Question: What is a fasting blood sugar test?
Answer: Your doctor does this first thing in the morning, before you've eaten. You have diabetes if your level is 126 mg/d L or higher on two separate tests.
Question: What populations are most affected by type 1 diabetes as adults?
Answer: People of all races and ethnic groups can get type 1 diabetes, but it's most common among those of northern European descent. You may also be at higher risk for getting the disease if one of your parents or a brother or sister has it.
Question: How is insulin managed in adults with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: But if you have type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't make insulin. You'll also need to monitor your blood glucose levels.
Question: When is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) usually spotted?
Answer: It can be diagnosed as late as age 3. If the disease is found early, 80% to 90% of children respond well to treatment. They won't have vision problems in the future.
Question: What causes primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)?
Answer: We know that if a baby's eye cells and tissues don't grow like they should before birth, he can have trouble with drainage after he's born. But we don't clearly understand most causes at this time. Some cases are inherited, while others aren't.
Question: How is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) diagnosed?
Answer: You're likely to notice that your baby: Closes his eyelids like he's protecting his eye Seems painfully sensitive to light Tears up a lot Depending on how far the disease has worsened, other eye symptoms can include: A cloudy cornea (the front layer of your eye that's normally clear) One or both eyes larger than normal Redness Your child will need a full eye exam. It isn't easy for eye doctors to check an infant or small child's eyes, so they usually do it in an operating room. Your child will get anesthesia (medicines that help him go to sleep) during the procedure. The doctor will: Measure his eye pressure Thoroughly examine all parts of his eye The doctor will make a formal diagnosis only after he rules out all other conditions that could have caused your child's problems.
Question: What does primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) do to your eye?
Answer: In a healthy eye, the fluid circulates inder normal pressure and brings in nutrients. It drains through a network of cells and tissue. To replace what's lost, your eye constantly makes more. With PCG, this process goes off track. In most cases, the fluid doesn't drain like it should and the buildup makes your eye pressure rise. The optic nerve, at the back of your eye, sends signals to your brain.
Question: How is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) treated?
Answer: Because it's risky for young children to get anesthesia, doctors like to do it right after the diagnosis is confirmed. If both eyes are affected, the doctor will operate on both at the same time. If surgery can't take place right away, the doctor may prescribe eye drops, medicine to be taken by mouth, or a combination of the two to help control fluid pressure. If the usual methods don't work, the doctor may perform laser surgery to destroy the area where fluid is produced.
Question: What is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)?
Answer: Primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) is a serious condition that needs attention. It affects about one in every 10,000 infants. Untreated cases are a major cause of childhood blindness. " Primary" means the disease doesn't result from another illness or condition, like a tumor. " Congenital" means it's present at birth. The optic nerve, at the back of your eye, sends signals to your brain.
Question: What do I need to know about iodine?
Answer: Iodine is essential for everyone. Supplements may be needed if you don't get enough in your diet. But most people in the U. S. get enough iodine through their normal diet. In other parts of the world, though, low iodine levels are a serious cause of health problems.
Question: What are side effects of iodine?
Answer: More than 1,100 micrograms of iodine a day for adults can be dangerous. It could cause thyroid problems and other issues. Iodine supplements can also cause: Upset stomach Stomach pain Headache Runny nose Diarrhea Metallic taste in the mouth Risks.
Question: Where can you get iodine?
Answer: Most people get more than enough iodine in their diets. One teaspoon of iodized salt contains 400 micrograms of iodine. That's more than twice as much as most adults need each day. For other uses of iodine for specific medical conditions, ask your doctor about the amount you need.
Question: Why should you tell your doctor if you're taking iodine supplements?
Answer: Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications.
Question: Does iodine affect your thyroid?
Answer: As a treatment, iodine helps with goiters (enlargements of the thyroid gland) and high thyroid levels such as in thyroid storm. After exposure to radiation, iodine can provide some protection against thyroid damage.
Question: What foods contain iodine?
Answer: Other seafood sources include: Tuna Sardines Salmon Lobster Shrimp Iodine is also in foods such as: Dairy products Grains Eggs Vegetables Iodine is in breast milk and added to baby formula. It's also added to many brands of table salt.
Question: What are the risks of taking iodine?
Answer: It's available in the U. S. as an FDA-approved treatment and a supplement. In the U. S., pregnant women have a higher risk of low iodine levels. For other uses of iodine for specific medical conditions, ask your doctor about the amount you need.
Question: What is Severâs disease?
Answer: In the case of Sever's (or Sever) disease, though, your child's growth spurt can lead to serious pain. It's not actually a disease but a heel injury.
Question: How can sever's disease be prevented?
Answer: Have your child: Wear supportive, shock-absorbing shoes. Stretch her calves, heels, and hamstrings. Not overdo it. Warn against over-training, and suggest plenty of rest, especially if she begins to feel pain in her heel. Try to avoid lots of running and pounding on hard surfaces. If she's overweight, help her lose those extra pounds, which can increase pressure on her heels.
Question: How is sever's disease treated?
Answer: Symptoms typically go away after a few months. The best treatment is simply rest. Your child will need to stop or cut down on sports until the pain gets better. When she's well enough to return to her sport, have her build up her playing time gradually. Your doctor may also recommend: Ice packs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, to relieve the pain Supportive shoes and inserts that reduce stress on the heel bone.
Question: What causes sever's disease?
Answer: In the case of Sever's (or Sever) disease, though, your child's growth spurt can lead to serious pain. When the muscles and tendons can't grow fast enough to keep up, they are stretched too tight. If your child is very active, especially if she plays a sport that involves a lot of running and jumping on hard surfaces (such as soccer, basketball, or gymnastics), it can put extra strain on her already overstretched tendons. This leads to swelling and pain at the point where the tendons attach to the growing part of her heel.
Question: What is the treatment for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Treatment for chronic pancreatitis also may include hospitalization.
Question: How are various pancreatic conditions treated?
Answer: Treatment for various pancreatic conditions may include a specialized technique using an endoscope. It is called therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP). A doctor can use this technique to: Enlarge a duct opening Remove pancreatic or bile duct stones Place a stent to keep a pancreatic or bile duct open Dilate or stretch a narrowed pancreatic or bile duct Drain pseudocysts In some cases, surgery or other procedures are needed. Treatment for pancreatic cancer may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
Question: What causes an enlarged pancreas?
Answer: You may simply have a pancreas that is larger than normal. Or, it can be because of an anatomic abnormality. But other causes of an enlarged pancreas may include the following: Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes become active inside the pancreas, attacking and damaging its tissues. This can cause an enlarged pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation that occurs suddenly in the pancreas. It can be very serious, even life-threatening. But it usually goes away within a few days of treatment. Gallstones and alcohol are common causes of acute pancreatitis. Other causes include high levels of fats in the blood, certain drugs, certain medical procedures, and some infections. Chronic pancreatitis is inflammation that gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage in the pancreas. Heavy alcohol use is the most common cause. Other causes include heredity, cystic fibrosis, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, certain medications, and some autoimmune conditions. Pancreatic pseudocyst is an accumulation of fluid and tissue debris in the pancreas, which can occur after a case of pancreatitis. Cystadenoma is a tumor that is usually benign. Abscess is a pus-filled cavity, usually caused by a bacterial infection. A pancreatic pseudocyst that becomes infected can become an abscess. Pancreatic cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the pancreas that can spread to other parts of the body.
Question: What are the symptoms of an enlarged pancreas?
Answer: The pancreas is a gland that sits behind your stomach in the upper abdomen and helps with digestion. Pain may spread to the back and feel worse when you're eating and drinking, such as in cases of pancreatitis. See a doctor right away if you have these symptoms. Other causes of an enlarged pancreas may produce few or no symptoms at all. Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the deadliest cancers. It is difficult to catch at an early stage because of its usual lack of symptoms. The doctor will ask questions and do a thorough physical exam. Your doctor may also order blood, urine, or stool tests and a scan to diagnose and confirm the cause of an enlarged pancreas. For example, you may have an X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan (computerized tomography scan), ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), or MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography).
Question: What are the symptoms of cirrhosis from fatty liver disease?
Answer: Your doctor weighs you and checks your body for signs of liver problems such as an enlarged liver or jaundice.
Question: What are the two main types of fatty liver disease?
Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells.
Question: What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease?
Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. It usually doesn't get worse or cause problems with your liver. With ALD and NAFLD, there are usually no symptoms.
Question: How can you get acute fatty liver of pregnancy?
Answer: It usually gets better when you stop drinking alcohol. If you keep drinking, ALD can cause serious problems. If so, there could be a problem with your liver. If you have complications due to NASH, such as cirrhosis or liver failure, you may need to have a liver transplant. Lose weight if you need to.
Question: What are other symptoms of fatty liver disease?
Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. Some people may have signs such as tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the belly where your liver is. If you have NASH or get cirrhosis, you may have symptoms such as: Swollen belly Enlarged blood vessels underneath your skin Larger-than-normal breasts in men Red palms Skin and eyes that appear yellowish, due to a condition called jaundice For ALD, the cause is too much alcohol.
Question: How is fatty liver disease diagnosed?
Answer: You might hear your doctor call it hepatic steatosis. Your doctor may use different methods to find out if you have fatty liver disease. Your doctor weighs you and checks your body for signs of liver problems such as an enlarged liver or jaundice. Blood tests. These can show if you have high levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST). You may get an ultrasound, computerized tomography ( CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Not everyone with NAFLD needs to have a liver biopsy. For the biopsy, your doctor numbs the area and uses a special needle to take a small piece of tissue from your liver.
Question: What is the treatment for fatty liver disease?
Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is preventable. Alcoholic hepatitis. NAFLD or NASH is more likely if: You're overweight or obese Your body doesn't respond to insulin as it should (called insulin resistance) or if you have type 2 diabetes You have high levels of triglycerides or âbadâ ( LDL) cholesterol, or low levels of âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol You're older You have polycystic ovary syndrome You have sleep apnea You have an underactive thyroid (the doctor will call this hypothyroidism) You have an underactive pituitary gland (you'll hear this called hypopituitarism) You're malnourished You've lost weight rapidly You've been exposed to certain toxins and chemicals You have metabolic syndrome. Usually the first line of treatment is to lose weight. Talk to your doctor about how you can get help. Lose weight if you need to.
Question: What does it mean if you have fatty liver disease?
Answer: Fatty liver disease means you have extra fat in your liver. Heavy drinking makes you more likely to get it. You may even be able to undo some of the liver damage that's already happened. If you're trying to lose weight, you might find that it helps to exercise more.
Question: What is rhythmic breathing?
Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Rhythmic breathing: If your breathing is short and hurried, slow it down by taking long, slow breaths. Inhale slowly then exhale slowly. As you exhale slowly, pay attention to how your body naturally relaxes. Recognizing this change will help you to relax even more.
Question: What is progressive muscle relaxation?
Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Progressive muscle relaxation: Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Quickly loosen up these areas. Let go of as much tension as you can. Roll your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. Let all of your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and exhale slowly. Select the type of music that lifts your mood or that you find soothing or calming.
Question: What is deep breathing?
Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed.
Question: What is mental imagery relaxation?
Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape." By making affirmations, you can counteract negative thoughts and emotions. I am healthy, vital, and strong. There is nothing in the world I cannot handle. Every day in every way I am getting stronger.
Question: What are symptoms of allergic asthma?
Answer: The symptoms of allergic asthma are generally the same as those of non-allergic asthma. They include: Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Fast breathing Tightening of the chest Allergens you inhale are some of the most likely to worsen your allergic asthma.
Question: How do I know which allergens cause my allergic asthma?
Answer: Tobacco smoke Air pollution Cold air Strong chemical odors Perfumes or other scented products Intense emotions that cause you to laugh or cry Your doctor might recommend allergy tests to figure out what allergens affect you. These tests usually involve pricking your skin with a tiny amount of the suspected allergen or injecting it under your skin. Your doctor then checks your skin for a reaction. If a skin test isn't possible, you might get a blood test instead.
Question: How do I avoid my allergic asthma triggers?
Answer: When pollen counts are high, stay inside as much as possible. Keep the windows closed. Wash your sheets once a week in hot water. Get rid of items where dust can gather, such as on heavy curtains or piles of clothing. If moisture is a problem in your home, get a dehumidifier to cut down on mold. If you have pets, keep them out of the bedroom. Keep your kitchen and bathroom very clean to avoid mold and cockroaches. Gardening and raking can stir up pollen and mold.
Question: What is bipolar mania?
Answer: Bipolar mania is a prolonged state (at least one week at a time) of extreme elation or agitation accompanied by excessive energy. Symptoms of the manic "highs" include increased energy, racing thoughts and fast speech, excessive talkativeness, distractibility, reckless and aggressive behavior, grandiose thoughts, decreased need for sleep, feelings of invincibility, sexual inappropriateness including infidelity, excessive spending, and exaggerated self-confidence.
Question: Can environmental stress increase the risk of bipolar disorder?
Answer: People are sometimes diagnosed with bipolar following a stressful or traumatic event in their lives. These environmental triggers can include seasonal changes, holidays, and major life changes such as starting a new job, losing a job, going to college, family disagreements, marriage, or a death in the family. Stress, in and of itself, does not cause bipolar disorder (much the way pollen doesn't cause seasonal allergies), but in people with the biological vulnerability to bipolar disorder, having effective skills for managing life stresses can be critical to a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid things that can aggravate the illness (such as drugs and alcohol).
Question: Does bipolar disorder run in families?
Answer: Numerous studies have found that people with bipolar often have at least one close relative with depression or bipolar disorder. Children who have one parent with the disorder have about a 10%-25% chance of developing the disorder themselves; children with two parents with the disorder have a 10%-50% chance. If a non-identical twin sibling has the disorder, the chance that another sibling will have it is about 10%-25%. Studies of identical twins have shown that genetics are not the only factor in determining who is at risk for bipolar disorder. Because identical twins share all the same genes, if bipolar disorder were purely hereditary, then all identical twins would share the disorder. However, it has been found that if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the chances of the other twin also having bipolar disorder ranges from 40% to 70%.
Question: What is bipolar depression?
Answer: Bipolar mania is a prolonged state (at least one week at a time) of extreme elation or agitation accompanied by excessive energy. Symptoms of the bipolar depression may include a pessimistic attitude, social withdrawal, thoughts of death or suicide, extreme sadness, and irritability.
Question: What does a negative result from a D-Dimer test mean?
Answer: If your result is "negative," you most likely don't have a problem with blood clots, such as DVT.
Question: What are the symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Answer: You have higher odds of a clot with: Antiphospholipid syndrome, a disease in your immune system Clotting diseases that you're born with Major surgery, such as a knee replacement Major injury, such as a broken leg Long periods of sitting or lying down, such as a long plane ride or hospital stay Pregnancy or if you recently had a baby Some cancers To test for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: D-dimer can also be used to help test for what's called disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC), in which blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout your body while also causing bleeding. It can be life-threatening.
Question: What should I prepare my family and friends for after being diagnosed with lung cancer?
Answer: Depending on what you feel comfortable with, you could try: Counseling Organizations that will match you with someone who's had the same kind of lung cancer Telephone and email cancer helplines Support groups, either online or in person Talk to your family and friends. Chances are there will be a few changes in your routine. There may be days when it's harder to do the things you normally do. You might need a hand with things like cooking, cleaning, or running errands. Sit down with your loved ones and let them know what you might need help with.
Question: Should I bring someone with me when choosing a treatment center for lung cancer?
Answer: You might have a few choices, so find out about some of the practical things, like: Where it is and how you're going to get there and back How often the center works with your type of cancer If there's a place for you and your family to stay if it's far away or you have to stay overnight What services it can offer you and your family If you're going to have chemotherapy, many cancer centers will let someone sit with you when you go in for treatment. Think about who could come along. This person can help you ask questions and take notes, or just keep you company.