anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the National Resource Center on ADHD?
Answer: National Resource Center on ADHD This center calls itself âthe nation's clearinghouse for the latest evidence-based information on ADHD.â It has everything from information on medication and treatment, to tips on legal and insurance issues.n National Institute of Mental Health This government agency provides detailed information about ADHD, including statistics, symptoms and diagnosis.
Question: What is a kidney stone?
Answer: A kidney stone is exactly that -- a hard mass of minerals and salts that forms in the kidneys. Certain foods and drinks contain chemicals that can lead to these sometimes painful crystals. The stones come in several different types, and foods that are not so good for one kind may be OK to eat if you have another type.
Question: What foods that can make urine more alkaline do you need to limit when you have calcium phosphate kidney stones?
Answer: But do watch for: Animal protein-rich foods: Organ meats, like chicken or beef liver Milk, cheese, and other dairy products Eggs Seafood Foods that can make urine more alkaline, including: Fresh fruit juices (except orange, cranberry, and nectarine) Vegetable juices Molasses Processed foods.
Question: What is a calcium oxalate kidney stone?
Answer: More people get this kind than any other. It forms when calcium in your pee combines with oxalate, a chemical that's naturally in many foods.
Question: Why do you need to avoid foods that have too much acid when you have cystine kidney stones?
Answer: Cystine stones grow more easily in acidic pee. That's the opposite of calcium phosphate stones, which favor alkaline urine. So for this type of stone, curb your hunger for meat and eat more fruits and vegetables, which have lower acid levels.
Question: What are urine acid kidney stones?
Answer: You get these if your pee is too acidic. These stones contain uric acid, a substance the body produces as it breaks down chemicals in food.
Question: Should you limit eating animal protein to prevent kidney stones?
Answer: They can lead to stones.
Question: What foods should you limit if you have calcium oxalate kidney stones?
Answer: If you've had one of these, watch out for: High-oxalate foods. Many plants contain oxalate, so it's hard to avoid it entirely. But some foods have much more than others. Try to limit: Spinach Rhubarb Almonds and cashews Miso soup Grits Baked potatoes with skin Beets Cocoa powder Okra Bran cereals and shredded wheat cereals French fries Raspberries Stevia sweeteners Sweet potatoes If you eat or drink calcium-rich foods at the same time, they can help your body handle oxalate without turning it into a kidney stone.
Question: Why do you need to limit sugary drinks when you have urine acid kidney stones?
Answer: And it can rob your system of citrate, a substance that helps keep away kidney stones and maybe keep existing ones from growing. But hold back on foods and drinks flavored with sugar or, especially, high-fructose corn syrup. They can lead to stones.
Question: What is an A1c test?
Answer: An A1c test is key if you have diabetes or if your doctor thinks you might have a chance of getting it. It's a common blood test that gives information about your blood sugar. It's the main way to find out if someone has diabetes and how they're managing it. You might hear it called the hemoglobin A1c, Hb A1c, or glycohemoglobin test.
Question: Why are A1c tests important?
Answer: Your red blood cells have something called hemoglobin that carries oxygen from your lungs to cells all over your body. Glucose goes into your red blood cells and coats molecules of hemoglobin. The more glucose you have in your blood, the more coated hemoglobin molecules you have. The A1c measures how much of your hemoglobin is coated with sugar. The higher your level, the greater your chance for problems down the road. That means your blood sugar control plan isn't working at its best.
Question: How does an A1c test work?
Answer: Your red blood cells have something called hemoglobin that carries oxygen from your lungs to cells all over your body. Glucose goes into your red blood cells and coats molecules of hemoglobin. The more glucose you have in your blood, the more coated hemoglobin molecules you have. The A1c measures how much of your hemoglobin is coated with sugar. The higher your level, the greater your chance for problems down the road. That means your blood sugar control plan isn't working at its best.
Question: When will a doctor give me an A1c test?
Answer: Your doctor probably will have you take the A1c test as soon as you're diagnosed with diabetes. You'll also have the test if your doctor thinks you may get diabetes. The test will set a baseline level so you can see how well you're controlling your blood sugar.
Question: What is a valid option other than surgery for treating stage zero breast cancer?
Answer: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option. About one third of the women with DCIS will get invasive cancer. Your doctor might suggest that you skip immediate treatment and keep a close eye on your condition instead. It's controversial. If you have surgery (and maybe radiation) right away, you might protect yourself from ever getting invasive cancer. Or you could end up going through painful procedures for no good reason. But if you skip surgery and radiation at first and choose to get more frequent screening tests, there's a chance you'll end up with cancer that's more advanced (and harder to treat) by the time doctors find it. It's a choice only you and your doctor can make.
Question: What are the treatment options for stage zero breast cancer?
Answer: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option.
Question: What are the types of stage zero breast cancer?
Answer: There are two types of stage 0 breast cancer: Noninvasive Paget's disease, a rare form of breast cancer in the nipple Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS). This is what most people mean when they talk about stage 0 breast cancer. The abnormal cells are still in your milk ducts and haven't affected the fatty tissue that makes up most of your breast. There's no known cause, and most people don't have any symptoms, though you may notice a lump or bloody discharge from your nipple. The abnormal cells may or may not become invasive and start to spread. There's no way to predict if this will happen.
Question: What is aromatherapy used for?
Answer: You shouldn't use aromatherapy instead of your regular medical treatment. But for some conditions, research shows that aromatherapy can have health benefits. It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe.
Question: How does aromatherapy work?
Answer: Experts think aromatherapy activates areas in your nose called smell receptors, which send messages through your nervous system to your brain. The oils may activate certain areas of your brain, like your limbic system, which plays a role in your emotions. They could also have an impact on your hypothalamus, which may respond to the oil by creating feel-good brain chemicals like serotonin. Some experts think that when you put essential oils on your skin, they cause a response in your skin and other parts of your body, like your joints.
Question: How safe is aromatherapy?
Answer: It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe. Essential oils can cause side effects, though. Some can irritate your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes in your nose. They can also cause mild allergic reactions. If you drink some essential oils they can hurt your kidneys or liver. It's rare that people take essential oils by mouth, and you shouldn't do it unless your doctor says it's OK. If you're new to aromatherapy, work with an aromatherapist or your doctor.
Question: Why do doctors prescribe nitroglycerin for chest pain?
Answer: Doctors usually prescribe nitroglycerin for angina pectoris, which often is called just "angina." It's sudden heart-related chest pain. It happens because something prevents the flow of blood to your heart muscle. Nitroglycerin helps widen the blood vessels so more blood gets to your heart muscle. That helps stop the pain.
Question: Why is it dangerous to take ED medicine with nitroglycerin?
Answer: Prescription ED pills include: Avanafil ( Stendra) Sildenafil ( Viagra) Tadalafil ( Cialis) Vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) Why shouldn't you take your ED medicine with your nitroglycerin? The reason is that both lower your blood pressure. Taken together, your blood pressure may get to a very low, and dangerous, level. Because of this effect, the American Heart Association warns against it. You may still be able to take both medicines, at different times. Talk with your doctor about how long you should wait between taking the two medicines.
Question: What should you do if you take nitroglycerin and still have chest pain?
Answer: If you take your nitroglycerin as instructed and you still have chest pain, get medical help right away.
Question: When should you take nitroglycerin for chest pain?
Answer: That means taking it before activities that are more likely to cause it. For example, you might take it 5 to 10 minutes before you go for a bike ride. You might also take it before: Exercise Physical activity like carrying heavy items, using the vacuum, or raking leaves Sex (don't take erectile dysfunction medicines at the same time) Situations that make you feel worried, anxious, or angry You may take your nitroglycerin when you first feel the symptoms of angina. You should not take nitroglycerin if: You have taken the maximum amount of short-acting nitroglycerin prescribed by your doctor You know your blood pressure is very low.
Question: How can people with age-related macular degeneration see better?
Answer: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.
Question: What is photodynamic laser therapy for AMD?
Answer: Photodynamic laser therapy. A two-step treatment in which a light-sensitive drug ( Visudyne) is used to damage the abnormal blood vessels. A doctor injects the drug into the bloodstream to be absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the eye. The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: What medications treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.
Question: Can dry AMD become wet AMD?
Answer: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.
Question: Does wet macular degeneration ever go away?
Answer: Unfortunately, even after wet macular degeneration treatment, the condition can recur and require repeated treatments. Because of this, individuals with macular degeneration must test their own vision regularly and follow the recommendations of their ophthalmologist. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.
Question: What tests diagnose age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye.
Question: How fast does age-related macular degeneration progress?
Answer: The dry form of age-related macular degeneration is much more common and tends to progress more slowly, allowing you to keep most of your vision.
Question: How is age-related macular degeneration diagnosed?
Answer: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.
Question: Is there a cure for macular degeneration?
Answer: Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.
Question: How does laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.
Question: How can laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.
Question: How many people get dry or wet forms of macular degeneration?
Answer: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.
Question: How is macular degeneration diagnosed?
Answer: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.
Question: What happens after age-related macular degeneration is detected?
Answer: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye. Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.
Question: What is dry form age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. In the advanced stages, patients lose central vision.
Question: How do low vision aids treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.
Question: What are the risk factors for macular degeneration?
Answer: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.
Question: How do anti-angiogenesis drugs treat macular degeneration?
Answer: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.
Question: What are the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.
Question: Are there new treatments for age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: What are the types of age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. The "wet" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. These blood vessels leak blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central vision. These abnormal blood vessels and their bleeding eventually form a scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision.
Question: What is age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: It occurs when the small central portion of the retina, known as the macula, deteriorates. The retina is the light-sensing nerve tissue at the back of the eye. Although macular degeneration is almost never a totally blinding condition, it can be a source of significant visual disability. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60.
Question: What is the outlook for people with age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision. They may have poor central vision, but they are still able to perform many normal daily activities.
Question: How does photodynamic laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: What are experimental treatments for age-related macular degeneration?
Answer: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
Question: Does age-related macular degeneration recur?
Answer: It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.
Question: What does the wet form of macular degeneration cause?
Answer: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in people over age 60. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes.