anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Can poor dental health affect the rest of your body?
Answer: A growing body of research finds that bacteria and inflammation in your mouth are also linked to other problems, including heart attack and dementia, and may well jeopardize your overall health. Scientists have identified several links between poor oral health and other health problems -- although they can't yet establish cause and effect. This list of health problems has been growing as research continues. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth.
Question: How can you minimize the dangers of plaque and gingivitis?
Answer: A growing body of research finds that bacteria and inflammation in your mouth are also linked to other problems, including heart attack and dementia, and may well jeopardize your overall health. If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. Get your teeth cleaned professionally on a regular basis. Ask your dentist about the best cleaning schedule for you. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often begins.
Question: How can plaque affect your dental health?
Answer: Sticky bacterial plaque that builds up on your teeth and inflamed, bleeding gums do more than just threaten your dental health. The plaque is so sticky that it keeps the acids in contact with your teeth, in time breaking down the enamel and leading to tooth decay. Plaque buildup can also lead to gum disease -- first gingivitis, the tender and swollen gums that sometimes bleed. If it progresses, severe periodontal (gum) disease can develop. Gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, allowing the bacteria to destroy the underlying bone supporting the teeth. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often begins.
Question: How are plaque and gingivitis linked to diabetes?
Answer: Again, inflammation may be partly to blame. And, those with diabetes are more likely to contract infections, including gum disease. If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. People with RA are more likely to have periodontal disease, and one study found that they had more missing teeth than people who don't have RA.
Question: What are other skin tips to help treat acne?
Answer: Other skin tips: Don't use too much topical acne medicine -- apply just enough to cover problem areas. Many acne medicines (benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and tretinoin) make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Don't use oily makeup, sunscreen, or hair products. Don't pick at or squeeze your pimples. Keep your hair, hands, and phone off your face. For men, shaving can irritate your skin and make acne worse. Try an electric razor, or be very careful with a blade.
Question: How can I treat more serious acne?
Answer: For more serious acne, your doctor may prescribe: Antibiotics to kill bacteria Birth control pills for women with acne due to hormones Isotretinoin to help you make less oil You may need a combination of oral medicine and a cream or lotion. Don't stop using your treatments if your skin clears. Stick with it until the doctor tells you to stop. This can help keep acne from coming back.
Question: How can I treat acne without a prescription?
Answer: A skin doctor (dermatologist) can help. She might suggest a cream, lotion, gel, or soap that contains ingredients that can help. Many can be bought without a prescription: Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria and removes extra oil. Resorcinol is for whiteheads and blackheads. Salicylic acid keeps pores from getting clogged. Sulfur removes dead skin cells.
Question: What are natural or acidic treatments for acne?
Answer: Some people use natural treatments like tea tree oil (works like benzoyl peroxide, but slower) or alpha hydroxy acids (remove dead skin and unclog pores) for their acne care. Not much is known about how well many of these treatments work and their long-term safety. Many natural ingredients are added to acne lotions and creams. Talk to your doctor to see if they're right for you.
Question: How can I take care of my skin for acne treatment?
Answer: These already have cleanser in them and are easy to use, then throw away. Other skin tips: Don't use too much topical acne medicine -- apply just enough to cover problem areas. Try an electric razor, or be very careful with a blade.
Question: How can you prevent ingrown hair?
Answer: To prevent ingrown hairs, try these tips every time you shave: Every day, rub your face in a circular motion using a wet washcloth or an exfoliating scrub to tease out any stubborn ingrown hairs. Shave with a sharp, single-bladed razor. Wet your skin with warm water before shaving and apply a lubricating gel. Shave in the same direction your hair is growing. Use as few strokes of the razor as possible. That lessens the chance of a hair slipping back into your skin. Rinse the blade with water after every stroke. Don't shave too closely to your skin. Leave a little bit of stubble if you can. If you're using an electric razor, hold it slightly above the surface of your skin. Apply a cool washcloth to your skin after you shave to reduce irritation. You can also try other hair removal methods that are less likely to produce ingrown hairs. Those methods include depilatory creams that dissolve the hair, and a laser or electric current (electrolysis) to permanently remove the hair follicle.
Question: What should you know about an ingrown hair?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Ingrown hairs are hairs that have curled around and grown back into your skin instead of rising up from it. Sometimes, dead skin can clog up a hair follicle. That forces the hair inside it to grow sideways under the skin, rather than upward and outward. Sometimes, cutting naturally curly hair too closely will result in the sharpened end of the hair piercing the skin, causing an ingrown hair. Ingrown hairs aren't serious. But they can be irritating and embarrassing.
Question: What causes ingrown hair?
Answer: Anyone can get an ingrown hair. But the problem is more common in people who have very curly or coarse hair. Curly hair is more likely to bend back and re-enter the skin, especially after it's been shaved or cut. Also, people with high levels of certain sex hormones can have excessive hair growth, which makes it more likely to get ingrown hairs, especially after shaving. Many African- Americans, Latinos, and people with thick or curly hair develop a type of ingrown hair called pseudofolliculitis. More commonly known as "razor bumps," this collection of little bumps is common on the beard area after you've shaved, waxed, or tweezed to remove unwanted hair. The hair that grows back has a sharper edge, so it can more easily poke back through the skin and get trapped under the surface.
Question: How can you treat ingrown hair?
Answer: If it doesn't go away, an ingrown hair can become infected, darken the skin, or leave behind a scar, especially if you've been scratching or picking at it. If an ingrown hair is bothering you or has become infected, your doctor can make a small cut in your skin with a sterile needle or scalpel to release it. Your doctor may also prescribe medicine such as: Steroid medicine that you rub on your skin to bring down the swelling and irritation Retinoids ( Retin A) to remove dead skin cells and reduce the skin pigment changes that can occur from ingrown hairs Antibiotic that you take by mouth or rub onto your skin to treat an ingrown hair infection The gold standard for hair removal is laser. The 810 nm diode laser, the intense pulsed light device ( PL), and others are very efficient at hair removal.
Question: What does an ingrown hair look like?
Answer: An ingrown hair irritates the skin. It produces a raised, red bump (or group of bumps) that looks like a little pimple. Sometimes an ingrown hair can form a painful, boil-like sore. Or you may see the hair that's causing the problem. In men, ingrown hairs often pop up as a bunch of little bumps on the chin, cheeks, or neck after shaving. In women, ingrown hairs are common on the legs, as well as in the pubic area and armpits. You can also get ingrown hairs on your buttocks.
Question: What does recovery from a lung transplant look like?
Answer: After surgery, you'll recover in the hospital for up to 3 weeks. You'll need to cough to clear fluid from your lungs. You'll also do breathing exercises to learn to take slow, deep breaths. For 3 months after your surgery, your doctor will test your blood and lungs to make sure your body doesn't reject your new lung or you don't get any infections. You'll take medicines for the rest of your life to help prevent this from happening. It can take weeks or months to recover.
Question: How can pulmonary rehab help treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: You do exercises to help your breathing and build up your strength. Your therapist can give you tips for a healthy diet so you keep your weight and energy levels up. He can also show you how to save your energy for when you need it most.
Question: How long do lung transplants take?
Answer: A single lung transplant takes 4-8 hours, and a double transplant takes 6-12 hours.
Question: What can make me feel better if I have  idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: There's no cure, but medication and other kinds of therapy can ease your symptoms and make your life easier. Some new drugs may help slow down the disease. They can prevent more scar tissue from forming in your lungs. Other treatments help you breathe more easily, control your cough, give you more energy, or prevent infections that could make you sicker. The options you pick depend on your specific symptoms, overall health, and age. Talk to your doctor to figure out the best plan so you can enjoy your life and stay active.
Question: What will happen if I have surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: You won't be awake during your surgery. Doctors put tubes into your mouth and windpipe that help you breathe while it's going on. During the operation, your surgeon removes your lung and the blood vessels that connect it to your heart. He then attaches your new lung to these blood vessels. If you're getting two new lungs, you'll need a heart-lung bypass machine to pump oxygen into your blood during the surgery.
Question: If my IPF is severe, what can I do?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest: Corticosteroids like prednisone Drugs that slow down your immune system, like azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and mycophenolate mofetil ( Cell Cept) Drugs may treat your IPF scarring or symptoms, but you can do other things to breathe better and get more energy. Most people only think about doing this if other treatments aren't working. Most people who get lung transplants are younger than 65. But if you're older and have no other serious medical problems, it may be an option for you.
Question: How can oxygen therapy help treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: Whether you've got a hacking cough or feel short of breath, treatments can make a big difference. After surgery, you'll recover in the hospital for up to 3 weeks.
Question: What medications may keep your idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) from getting worse?
Answer: They can prevent more scar tissue from forming in your lungs. They may keep your IPF from getting worse and can help you breathe better. For 3 months after your surgery, your doctor will test your blood and lungs to make sure your body doesn't reject your new lung or you don't get any infections.
Question: What should you do while you wait for a lung donor for your IPF?
Answer: There aren't many lungs available from donors, so you'll go on a list to receive one. While you wait, avoid smoking, eat a healthy diet, do your breathing exercises, and stay as active as possible. Once you get word that a donor has been found, you may have to go to the hospital quickly for your surgery, so make sure your doctor can reach you at all times. During the operation, your surgeon removes your lung and the blood vessels that connect it to your heart.
Question: Do I need to cover up in the sun if I have had melanoma in the past?
Answer: Cover your skin with pants, long sleeves, and a wide-brimmed hat.
Question: Are condoms necessary while undergoing chemotherapy?
Answer: Chemo drugs can stay in semen or vaginal fluids for up to 3 days after you get them. Use a condom during that time (for oral sex, too) so you don't pass the chemicals to your partner.
Question: What drugs should I be weary of if I have had melanoma in the past?
Answer: Be extra careful if you're taking "photosensitive" drugs, which make you more sensitive to the sun. This includes some chemotherapy drugs.
Question: Can I still exercise if I have melanoma?
Answer: Exercise is one of the best things anyone can do for their health, and people with melanoma are no exception.
Question: How can I keep a normal life while having melanoma?
Answer: Cancer is a big deal, but it doesn't have to take over every second of every day of your life. Find places and times to put your disease on the back burner and keep things normal with schedules, family time, and hobbies. Celebrate all the successes in your cancer journey, big or small. You can schedule a special dinner when you finish chemo or a bigger gathering when you go one year cancer-free.
Question: Does melanoma affect my stamina?
Answer: Keep in mind that melanoma treatment may have affected your stamina. Even if you were super active before the diagnosis, start out slowly when you're getting back to your workouts after treatment.
Question: How can I keep exercising if melanoma is causing fatigue?
Answer: If your treatment makes you tired, plan exercise at times of the day when you have the most energy.
Question: How much sunscreen do I need to apply if I have had melanoma in the past?
Answer: If you've had one melanoma, it means you're at risk for more. It should have an SPF of at least 30. Reapply at least every 2 hours, and more often if you're swimming, sweating, or spending time near water or snow.
Question: Should I call my doctor if my baby is not eating that much?
Answer: Reasons to call your doctor include: Dark pee or orange crystals in his diaper He would rather sleep than eat He won't latch onto your breast, or he pulls away from you He's fussy right after feedings As a new parent, it's key to learn to trust your instincts. If you have any concerns about your baby's eating, check in with his doctor.
Question: What signs that a baby is full?
Answer: Remember: The exact amount your little one drinks will vary from day to day. For instance, he may want to eat more than normal when he's going through a growth spurt. Trust your baby to know how much food he needs. You can watch for a few signs that he's full: He pulls away from your breast or his bottle He falls asleep during a feeding He shakes his head or keeps his mouth closed Those signs can also help you know that you're not overfeeding your little one. And at regular checkups, your pediatrician will let you know if your baby's growth (height and weight) is on track.
Question: What are signs that my baby is eating enough?
Answer: When he's getting the right amount of food, you'll see: Plenty of wet diapers. The first few days after birth, he may only wet one or two diapers each day. After that, he should need six to eight cloth (five or six disposable) diaper changes every 24 hours, plus have two to five poopy ones each day. Steady weight gain. After the first 2 weeks, your baby should gain about 4-7 ounces per week until his sixth month, and 3-5 ounces from 6 to 18 months. Your baby is active and happy. A child that's eating well will look alert and be active. He'll also seem content between feedings.
Question: How much do babies eat depending on their age?
Answer: Some who are breastfeeding, though, can eat every 1.5 hours, and up to 15 times a day. If your baby isn't waking up on his own for a feeding during the first few weeks, you should get him up to eat on schedule. If you're breastfeeding, your little one will spend about 10 to 20 minutes on your breast. Some may nurse for longer, but make sure he's actually sucking and swallowing the whole time. Giving formula? Plan on your baby drinking 1.5 to 3 ounces at each feeding. After about a month, he'll start eating at least 4 ounces at each feeding. As breastfed babies get the hang of nursing, they'll get more milk from you, too. You may not notice, though, since they'll do it in less time. Whether you're nursing or bottle feeding, as your baby keeps growing, so will his appetite. At 2 months, he may drink 4-5 ounces at each feeding, 3-4 hours apart. At 4 months, he may need up to 6 ounces every time. The pediatrician also may encourage you to start to introduce solid foods. By 6 months, some babies drink as much as 8 ounces of breastmilk or formula even as they go longer between feedings.
Question: How can I tell if my baby is eating enough?
Answer: Every baby is unique, but there are some basic guidelines to keep in mind when it's time for a feeding. Remember: The exact amount your little one drinks will vary from day to day. When he's getting the right amount of food, you'll see: Plenty of wet diapers.
Question: Is there a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB)?
Answer: Doctors in the U. S. don't generally recommend it because TB isn't a widespread problem here. Still, health care workers who spend a lot of time around TB patients might benefit from the vaccine. Doctors make that decision based on the health care worker and their unique circumstances.
Question: How is tuberculosis (TB) treated?
Answer: This might involve taking a number of medications for 6 to 12 months. It's important to take all of your meds, as they're prescribed, the entire time -- even if you feel better. If not, you can get sick again. If you have TB germs in your body but they haven't become active, you have what doctors call âlatent TB.â You can't spread the disease to others. But your doctor may still recommend that you take medications to keep the germs from becoming active.
Question: Should you see a doctor for a boxer's fracture?
Answer: Any time you have an injury and a fracture is suspected, contact your doctor for instructions.
Question: What causes a boxer's fracture?
Answer: Boxer's fractures received their name from one of their most common causes-punching an object with a closed fist. This occurs commonly during fist fights or from punching a hard object such as a wall or filing cabinet. Although these breaks usually occur when the hand is closed into a fist, they can also occur when the hand is not clenched and strikes a hard object.
Question: What bones are broken in a boxer's fracture?
Answer: A boxer's fracture involves a break in the neck of the metacarpal. Boxer's fractures occur in the metacarpal bones that connect the ring finger or the little finger to the wrist. Some doctors include breaks in the neck of the second and third metacarpal bones in the definition of a boxer's fracture.
Question: How do you prevent a boxer's fracture?
Answer: The key to preventing boxer's fractures is to avoid situations in which the injury can occur. This can be accomplished with regular exercise and calcium supplements or adequate intake of dairy products.
Question: How do X-rays help diagnose a boxer's fracture?
Answer: X-rays of the hand are performed to look at the hand from 3 different directions. In certain cases, the doctor may order more x-rays, with special views to look for hard-to-find fractures. On physical examination the doctor will look for the presence of foreign bodies in the hand. Activities that could cause a foreign body to become lodged in the hand are these: punching another person in the mouth, being bitten by an animal, being cut with a sharp object, a penetrating injury, or abrasions or splinters from an object. Foreign bodies that may show up on x-rays are glass, bone, metal, and stones.
Question: What are symptoms of a boxer's fracture?
Answer: The typical symptoms of a boxer's fracture are pain or tenderness centered in a specific location on the hand corresponding to one of the metacarpal bones, around the knuckle. You may also note pain with movement of your hand or fingers. When a bone is broken, you may experience a snapping or popping sensation in the affected bone. Your hand may swell, discolor, or bruise around the injury site. Deformity of the broken bone or the knuckle, may also be noted. When making a fist, the finger involved may bend toward the thumb more than is usual. A cut in the skin associated with a boxer's fracture may indicate a more serious type of boxer's fracture.
Question: How is a skin biopsy done?
Answer: The doctor will first cleanse the biopsy site, and then numb the skin by using an anesthetic (pain-relieving) injection. The skin is then sampled using one of the above procedures. Shave biopsies do not usually need stitches, while punch, excisional, and incisional biopsies will usually be closed with sutures or steri-strips. The procedure is usually done in the doctor's office.
Question: What is done with a skin biopsy sample?
Answer: A skin biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor cuts and removes a small sample of skin to have it tested. The results usually come back within one to two weeks.
Question: What is a skin biopsy?
Answer: This sample may help your doctor diagnose diseases such as skin cancer, infection, or other skin disorders. The procedure is usually done in the doctor's office.
Question: What are serious health issues that may occur when you have pitting edema?
Answer: For some people, pitting edema can be a sign of a more serious health issue, such as: Blood clot: One of these in a deep vein can cause edema in the region of the clot.
Question: When should I call the doctor if I have pitting edema?
Answer: If you notice signs of pitting edema, see your doctor as soon as you can. He'll look at it and ask about other symptoms. He may test your blood or urine to check your liver or kidney function. You might have an electrocardiogram and other tests to check your heart. Get emergency medical help right away if you have chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes, trouble breathing, dizziness, confusion, or fainting spells. These are signs that you might have a severe heart problem or a blood clot in your lungs.
Question: What causes edema?
Answer: This can happen for many reasons. You may have been standing or sitting too long, for instance like during a plane flight. It could also be an allergic reaction to or side effect of a medicine. Some drugs for diabetes and high blood pressure can cause pitting edema. So can estrogen pills and over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen. Women hold onto more fluid when they're pregnant and can develop a pitting edema. This tends to happen toward the end of pregnancy. Talk with your doctor if you are pregnant and develop edema.
Question: What is the treatment for edema?
Answer: If something serious is the cause of your edema, your doctor will focus on treating the underlying cause. But you may need to eat less salt. Table salt and processed foods with a lot of sodium can make your swelling worse. You also may need to take a drug called a diuretic that helps your body get rid of extra fluid. Compression stockings, sleeves, or gloves can keep pressure on the swollen area to stop fluid from building up. Your doctor also may tell you to hold the part of your body with the pitted edema above your heart a few times during the day or to keep it raised while you sleep.