anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is thrombocytopenia diagnosed?
Answer: You'll also get an exam to look for bruises, petechiae or spots of blood in your skin, and other signs of low platelets. You'll be checked for signs of infection, like a fever or rash. You might get a blood test that measures the number of platelets. A normal count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. You can have bleeding problems if your count drops below 50,000. Your doctor will most likely consult with a blood specialist (hematologist). You might get other tests, including: Blood smear to look at your platelets under a microscope and see how healthy they are Bone marrow test to see what cells are in the bone marrow, how full the bone marrow is with cells, and whether they are normall Your doctor might want you to take other tests that check if your blood clots normally.
Question: How can you prevent bleeding if you have thrombocytopenia?
Answer: To prevent bleeding when your platelets are low: Avoid medicines that can affect your platelet function, like aspirin and ibuprofen Limit how much alcohol you drink, because it can make bleeding worse. Don't play contact sports, like football or boxing, where you might get injured. Use a soft toothbrush to prevent bleeding gums. Wear a seatbelt in the car, and put on gloves and goggles when you work with power tools to prevent injury.
Question: How is thrombocytopenia treated?
Answer: You might also have: Blood in your urine or bowel movement Heavy menstrual periods These symptoms might not start until your platelet count is very low. You won't bleed too much, even if you get cut. Sometimes your platelet count will go up when you avoid the cause of the problem. For instance, if taking a certain medicine is behind your thrombocytopenia, your doctor will have you stop that drug. For severe thrombocytopenia, you might get: Steroid medicines to stop your body from destroying platelets if the cause is related to your immune system. Blood or platelets from a healthy person, called a transfusion Surgery to remove your spleen If your condition is ongoing despite other treatments, your doctor may prescribe medicines such as romiplostim ( Nplate) and eltrombopag ( Promacta, Revolade).
Question: What causes thrombocytopenia?
Answer: You can get thrombocytopenia if your body doesn't make enough of them, or if they're destroyed faster than they can be made. Your body might not make enough platelets if you have a: Blood disorder that affects bone marrow, called aplastic anemia Cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma, which damages your bone marrow Platelet-lowering disease that runs in your family, like Wiskott- Aldrich or May- Hegglin syndrome Virus such as chickenpox, mumps, rubella, HIV, or Epstein- Barr Aplastic anemia Chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer destroys stem cells that form platelets. If you've been in contact with chemicals like pesticides and arsenic, your body might slow down the process of making platelets. You might get other tests, including: Blood smear to look at your platelets under a microscope and see how healthy they are Bone marrow test to see what cells are in the bone marrow, how full the bone marrow is with cells, and whether they are normall Your doctor might want you to take other tests that check if your blood clots normally.
Question: What is thrombocytopenia?
Answer: It might not cause you any health problems at all. But if you do have symptoms like bleeding too much, treatments can help. Sometimes you don't have any symptoms from thrombocytopenia.
Question: What are seasonal allergies like?
Answer: Common triggers include: Pollen Grass Weeds Dust Pet dander If you have seasonal allergies, you generally have symptoms for a short time. You may be bothered in the spring by tree pollen, in the summer by grass pollen, or in the fall by weed pollen. The symptoms tend to clear up during other times of the year, especially in the winter.
Question: How can I treat the symptoms of my eye allergies at home?
Answer: If that's the case for you, these at-home treatments may give you some relief: Apply cool compresses to your eyes to ease the allergic reaction. Use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops. Use over-the-counter medications , like allergy eye drops and oral antihistamines for mild allergies. Try not to rub your eyes, since that can make your symptoms worse.
Question: Are there over-the-counter treatments for eye allergies?
Answer: Lots of over-the-counter meds, like allergy or antihistamine eye drops as well as antihistamines you take by mouth, can help against mild allergies. Follow the directions on the packages exactly.
Question: How often should I see my doctor for my eye allergies?
Answer: Some common corticosteroids used for eye allergies are: Fluorometholone ( FML, FML Forte, FML Liquifilm) Loteprednol 0.02% ( Alrex) Loteprednol 0.05% ( Lotemax) Medrysone ( HMS) Prednisolone ( AK- Pred) Rimexolone ( Vexol) For mild cases of seasonal or perennial allergies, annual follow-up visits with your eye doctor are a good idea. You may need to go more often for a severe case.
Question: How can hyperthyroidism affect your metabolism?
Answer: When you first get hyperthyroidism, you may feel very energetic. This is because your metabolism is sped up. But over time, this increase in your metabolism can break your body down, and cause you to feel tired.
Question: How do I know if I have hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Some common signs include: Feeling nervous, anxious, or irritable Experiencing mood swings Feeling very tired or weak Sensitivity to heat An enlarged thyroid (goiter). This can make the base of your neck look swollen. Losing weight suddenly with no known cause Fast or irregular heartbeat or palpitations (pounding in your heart) Increased frequency in your bowel movements Shaking in your hands and fingers (tremor) Sleep problems Thinning skin Changes in your hair that make it fine and brittle Changes in your menstrual cycle These are less likely to show up if you're an older adult, but sometimes there will be subtle symptoms.
Question: When should you call your doctor about loss of bladder or bowel control due to back pain?
Answer: Loss of bladder or bowel control: If you have back pain and suddenly can't control your bladder or bowels, call your doctor right away. This could be a sign of several things, like spinal tumors or cauda equina syndrome, a rare but serious condition caused by a severe compression of the nerve roots in the spine. It could also signal lumbar spinal stenosis, which causes compression of the nerves in the lower back.
Question: Should you call your doctor if you have a fever and back pain?
Answer: Fever: When you have a high temperature and back pain, take it seriously. It could be the sign of a spinal infection, which needs urgent medical attention.
Question: Should you call your doctor about radiating back pain?
Answer: Radiating pain: Low back strains and sprains, sciatica, and a herniated disk can cause back pain to âradiateâ -- move to other parts of your body. If it's causing aching, numbness or tingling in your butt, genitals, legs, feet, arms or hands, see your doctor. He'll be able to find out why and give you something to ease your symptoms.
Question: When is burping a problem?
Answer: Burping as many as four times after a meal is normal. But some illnesses can make you burp a lot more than that: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), sometimes called acid reflux, happens when acid in your stomach flows back into your esophagus and causes heartburn. If you have this only occasionally, you can treat it with over-the-counter medicines. But if you have it a lot, you may need to make changes in your diet or take prescription drugs. Indigestion, also called dyspepsia, causes pain or discomfort in your upper belly. It can come with belching, bloating, heartburn, nausea, or vomiting. Gastritis happens when the lining of your stomach is irritated. Helicobacter pylori is a kind of bacteria that can cause an infection in your stomach and lead to ulcers. Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) can also cause belly cramps, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation.
Question: Why am I burping?
Answer: But if it happens often, it can be a sign of a health problem. If you burp a lot, it's probably time to find out why.
Question: When are you most likely to burp?
Answer: You're more likely to swallow air and burp if you: Chew gum Smoke Eat too quickly Suck on hard candies Have dentures that don't fit right Foods with a lot of fat or oil in them can cause heartburn. This also can make you burp. So can drinks with caffeine or alcohol.
Question: How can I stop burping?
Answer: If you're concerned about how much you burp, talk with your doctor. She might have some suggestions to help keep it from happening. She also may run tests to look for signs of a health problem. If no medical issue is causing you to burp, you might try some of these: Eat or drink more slowly. You're less likely to swallow air. Don't eat things like broccoli, cabbage, beans, or dairy products. They can lead to gas in your stomach or intestines and make you burp. Stay away from soda and beer. Don't chew gum. Stop smoking. Your doctor will give you lots of reasons to do this, but it also can help cut down on how much you burp. Take a walk after eating. A bit of exercise can help your digestion. Take an antacid.
Question: Why do people burp?
Answer: There your body uses acid, bacteria, and chemicals called enzymes to break it down into nutrients it uses for energy. If you swallow air along with your food or if you drink something like a soda or beer that has bubbles in it, those gases can come back up through your esophagus. That's a burp.
Question: How does haptoglobin work?
Answer: Your liver makes haptoglobin, and it's found in your plasma, the watery part of the blood. It's an antioxidant. That means it protects your body from damage caused by certain chemical reactions. Your body makes more when you have an injury, infection, or inflammation. Hemoglobin is what carries iron in red blood cells. When these cells reach the end of their natural lifespan, they break down, and what's left goes into your bloodstream. That loose hemoglobin can damage your blood vessels. Haptoglobin's job is to soak up loose hemoglobin molecules before they make trouble.
Question: How can you find out what kind of haptoglobin you have?
Answer: A DNA test is the only way to find out what kind of haptoglobin you have. Ask your doctor whether you should get tested.
Question: How do genes affect how protective haptoglobin is?
Answer: A certain gene controls haptoglobin, and it has two versions. You get one gene from each parent. So your pair of haptoglobin genes could be both version 1, both version 2, or one of each. Your particular combination is called your genotype. Problems come when you have diabetes and 2-2 (version 2 from both your parents). 2-2 haptoglobin doesn't get rid of hemoglobin molecules as well as the other types do. Among other problems, that seems to keep âgoodâ cholesterol from doing what it should to lower your overall cholesterol level.
Question: How can you prevent heart problems if you know you are at a higher risk for heart complications of diabetes?
Answer: If you have diabetes, there's a higher chance that you could have many other health problems, like heart disease and high blood pressure. Get to a healthy weight. Exercise most days. Eat less saturated fat, cholesterol, and salt. Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Question: What does haptoglobin do for people with diabetes?
Answer: But whether it works like it should depends on your DNA, or genes. Several studies have looked at why some people with diabetes have heart and artery problems and others don't. It appears that the kind of haptoglobin you have has a lot to do with it. Your liver makes haptoglobin, and it's found in your plasma, the watery part of the blood. If you know you're more likely to have problems with your heart and your blood vessels, you can manage the other things that cause them, like your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
Question: What is melanoma like in people with dark skin?
Answer: Although dark-skinned people have a natural protection against skin cancer, that doesn't mean it can't occur. It does -- most frequently where skin is lightest, such as the palms, soles of the feet, and around the nail bed. This is most true for Asians, Native Americans, and people of African descent. In Hispanics, melanoma occurs most frequently on the legs. Because it is frequently misdiagnosed as plantar warts (on the soles of the feet), tinea manuum (a fungus occurring on the palms of the hands), or a condition known as talon noir or black heel, and because many people do not seek treatment early on, the melanoma death rate is highest among people with dark skin. The lifesaving answer lies in awareness and early diagnosis.
Question: What should you know about skin conditions in dark skin?
Answer: Skin problems, however, are generally color-blind, meaning that most skin conditions can occur in every race and in all skin types. That said, there are certain skin conditions that seem to affect dark skin more frequently or with more severity. Further, many treatments used for common skin conditions can sometimes lead to even more problems when used on people of color. But before you can learn how to protect your face and body, it's important to know a little something about the biology of dark skin.
Question: What is pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) like for people with dark skin?
Answer: This skin condition is characterized by bumps under the surface of the skin, and is often confused with acne. But the problem actually stems from ingrown hairs. It most often occurs in black and Hispanic people, due to the distinct shape of the hair follicle. If the bumps are squeezed or manipulated in any way, they can become inflamed or infected. But even when left alone, they can be difficult to cover and sometimes cause pain. Recent studies have shown that laser hair removal is an effective treatment. Because this condition is often confused with acne, it's important to have your diagnosis confirmed by a dermatologist familiar with dark skin.
Question: Who is at greatest risk for pigmentation problems?
Answer: Those with sensitive skin are at greatest risk for pigmentation problems. In fact, any skin care product ingredient that irritates or dries skin increases the risk.
Question: What are keloids like in people with dark skin?
Answer: Acne develops when there is an overproduction of oil in the skin. The most common locations are the earlobes, chest, back, and arms. While they can develop immediately after an injury, they can also take months or even years to grow -- and they can continue growing over a period of time. In some people, keloids may itch, cause pain and burning, and be tender to the touch. Though no one is certain why keloids develop, they are thought to be linked to a defect in collagen production. Treatments include cortisone injections, radiation therapy, pressure dressings, and silicone gel applications. Keloids can also be removed via surgery or with a laser. Regardless of the treatment, keloids return between 45% and 100% of the time.
Question: What is an electrophysiology (EP) study?
Answer: An electrophysiology ( EP) study is a test that records the electrical activity and the electrical pathways of your heart. This test is used to help determine the cause of your heart rhythm disturbance and the best treatment for you. During the EP study, your doctor will safely reproduce your abnormal heart rhythm and then may give you different medications to see which one controls it best or to determine the best procedure or device to treat your heart rhythm.
Question: What can I expect during an electrophysiology (EP) study?
Answer: An electrophysiology study is used: To determine the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm To decide the best treatment for an abnormal heart rhythm Ask your doctor what medications you are allowed to take. Before an electrophysiology study, you will lie on a bed and the nurse will start an intravenous ( IV) line into your arm or hand. You will be given a medication through your IV to relax you and make you drowsy, but it will not put you to sleep. The nurse will connect you to several monitors. The skin at the top of both of your legs will be shaved and cleansed with an antiseptic solution. Sterile drapes are used to cover you, from your neck to your feet. A soft strap will be placed across your waist and arms to prevent your hands from coming in contact with the sterile field.
Question: How long does the electrophysiology (EP) study take?
Answer: An electrophysiology study is used: To determine the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm To decide the best treatment for an abnormal heart rhythm Ask your doctor what medications you are allowed to take. The EP study takes about two to four hours to perform. However, it can take longer if additional treatments such as catheter ablation are performed at the same time.
Question: How should I prepare for an electrophysiology (EP) study?
Answer: An electrophysiology study is used: To determine the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm To decide the best treatment for an abnormal heart rhythm Ask your doctor what medications you are allowed to take. Your doctor may ask you to stop certain medications one to five days before your EP study. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the evening before the EP study. If you must take medications, take them only with a small sip of water. When you come to the hospital, wear comfortable clothes. You will change into a hospital gown for the procedure. If you are able to go home, bring a companion to drive you home.
Question: How does an electrophysiology (EP) study work?
Answer: An electrophysiology ( EP) study is a test that records the electrical activity and the electrical pathways of your heart. An electrophysiology study is used: To determine the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm To decide the best treatment for an abnormal heart rhythm Ask your doctor what medications you are allowed to take. The skin at the top of both of your legs will be shaved and cleansed with an antiseptic solution. The catheters sense the electrical activity in your heart and are used to evaluate your heart's conduction system. The doctor will use a pacemaker to deliver the electrical impulses through one of the catheters to increase your heart rate.
Question: What happens when you're exposed to the virus that causes cold sores?
Answer: When you're first exposed to the virus, you're likely to get a cold sore. After a week or two, it'll go away on its own. Then the virus goes dormant in your body. You may never have another cold sore outbreak again, but many people do.
Question: How do you spread the virus that causes cold sores?
Answer: Herpes simplex is spread by close contact. If you kiss someone with a cold sore, or you touch his face and then touch your own face, you can catch the virus. You can also get herpes simplex by sharing lip balm, a fork, a mug or a razor with someone who has it. You're most likely to get the virus from someone who has an active cold sore, but it's also possible to contract it from someone who doesn't have a sore or blister showing.
Question: What are things that bring on cold sores?
Answer: Some things that make an outbreak more likely are: A cold or other illness A fever Stress Too much sun Your period There are many that you can do at home to soothe the sting of a cold sore, such as: Ice.
Question: Can aloe vera gel treat cold sores?
Answer: The same gel used for sunburn may help a cold sore to heal.
Question: Can the virus that causes cold sores affect other body parts?
Answer: The virus also can spread to the eyes or the genitals. For example, if you rub your eyes after getting saliva from an infected person on your hands, or if you receive oral sex from someone who has cold sores. Don't touch. If you pick your cold sore, you may spread the virus to another part of your body. That will just make your outbreak worse. Keep your hands away from your mouth, and wash your hands often, especially when you touch your face.
Question: What are examples of sensory integration therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: Examples of sensory integration therapy include: Being brushed or deeply touched and massaged Compressing elbows and knees Swinging Spinning on a scooter Wearing a weighted vest You can obtain occupational therapy services either privately, through a statewide early childhood intervention program, or at school.
Question: What are benefits of occupational therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: These OT strategies include: Physical activities, such as stringing beads or doing puzzles, to help a child develop coordination and body awareness Play activities to help with interaction and communication Developmental activities, such as brushing teeth and combing hair Adaptive strategies, including coping with transitions The overall goal of occupational therapy is to help the person with autism improve his or her quality of life at home and in school. The therapist helps introduce, maintain, and improve skills so that people with autism can be as independent as possible.
Question: What are some signs of processing issues in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: That's because some researchers estimate that eight out of 10 children with autism have problems processing sensory input. For example, they can't filter out background noise. Other signs of processing issues include: Problems with balance Problems with body position in space Oversensitivity to touch and the feel of certain types of clothing, such as socks with seams With autism, social, behavioral, or attention problems can be partly a result of these sensory challenges.
Question: What kinds of things does an occupational look at to help evaluate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children?
Answer: The therapist observes children to see if they can do tasks they are expected to do at their ages -- getting dressed or playing a game, for example. Sometimes, the therapist will have the child videotaped during the day in order to see how the child interacts with his or her environment so that he or she can better assess the kind of care the child needs. The therapist might note any of the following: Attention span and stamina Transition to new activities Play skills Need for personal space Responses to touch or other types of stimuli Motor skills such as posture, balance, or manipulation of small objects Aggression or other types of behaviors Interactions between the child and caregivers Once an occupational therapist has gathered information, he or she can develop a program for your child.
Question: What are skills that occupational therapy may foster in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: These are some of the skills occupational therapy may foster: Daily living skills, such as toilet training, dressing, brushing teeth, and other grooming skills Fine motor skills required for holding objects while handwriting or cutting with scissors Gross motor skills used for walking, climbing stairs, or riding a bike Sitting, posture, or perceptual skills, such as telling the differences between colors, shapes, and sizes Awareness of his or her body and its relation to others Visual skills for reading and writing Play, coping, self-help, problem solving, communication, and social skills By working on these skills during occupational therapy, a child with autism may be able to: Develop peer and adult relationships Learn how to focus on tasks Learn how to delay gratification Express feelings in more appropriate ways Engage in play with peers Learn how to self-regulate You may have heard a lot about sensory integration therapy.
Question: When should I get surgery for a deviated septum?
Answer: If possible, it is best to wait until after the nose has stopped growing, around age 15, to have surgery.