anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How long does bonding material last?
Answer: The lifespan of bonding materials for the teeth depends on how much bonding was done and your oral habits. Typically, however, bonding material lasts from three years up to about 10 years before needing to be touched up or replaced.
Question: When do you get dental bonding?
Answer: Dental bonding is an option that can be considered: To repair decayed teeth (composite resins are used to fill cavities) To repair chipped or cracked teeth To improve the appearance of discolored teeth To close spaces between teeth To make teeth look longer To change the shape of teeth As a cosmetic alternative to amalgam fillings To protect a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed when gums recede Preparation.
Question: What's the procedure for having a tooth bonded?
Answer: Anesthesia is often not necessary unless the bonding is being used to fill a decayed tooth, the tooth needs to be drilled to change its shape, or the chip is near the nerve. Your dentist will use a shade guide to select a composite resin color that will closely match the color of your tooth. Next, the surface of the tooth will be roughened and a conditioning liquid applied. These procedures help the bonding material adhere to the tooth. The tooth-colored, putty-like resin is then applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A bright, usually blue, light, or laser is then used to harden the material. After the material is hardened, your dentist will further trim and shape it, and polish it to match the sheen of the rest of the tooth surface. Generally, bonding can range in cost from $100 to $400 per tooth.
Question: What findings point to further tests in a physical exam and history for Crohn's disease?
Answer: You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease.
Question: How are lab tests used to diagnose Crohn's disease?
Answer: She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease. These tests check for signs of infection, inflammation, internal bleeding, and low levels of substances such as iron, protein, or minerals.
Question: How is barium given in the diagnosis for Crohn's disease?
Answer: When barium fluid is given by mouth, it is called an upper GI series. When barium fluid is placed in the rectum, it is called a barium enema. The barium fluid flows through your intestines and looks white on X-ray film. This makes it easier to view problem areas. With a barium X-ray, your doctor may be able to see ulcers, narrowed areas of the intestine, abnormal connections between organs, known as fistulae, or other problems.
Question: How do you know if you have Crohn's disease?
Answer: There isn't any single test that can diagnose Crohn's disease. This condition has many symptoms that are the same as those for other health problems. To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources.
Question: What imaging studies are used to diagnose Crohn's disease?
Answer: If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies.
Question: How can imaging studies help with diagnosing Crohn's disease?
Answer: Crohn's disease may appear anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. X-rays and other images can help identify the severity and location of Crohn's disease.
Question: How does a video capsule endoscopy help with diagnosing Crohn's disease?
Answer: Video capsule endoscopy: For video capsule endoscopy, you swallow a small capsule or pill that holds a miniature video camera. As it travels through your small intestine, it sends images of the lining to a receiver you wear on a belt around your waist. The doctor downloads the images and reviews them on a computer. They can provide detailed information about early, mild problems associated with Crohn's disease. This technique may be especially helpful if you have symptoms of Crohn's disease that can't be seen by other small bowel tests.
Question: When do you need other tests after your barium X-ray for Crohn's disease?
Answer: If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease.
Question: What happens after the tests and exams for Crohn's disease?
Answer: You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. You should avoid it if: You have an obstruction in the small intestine.
Question: What happens during a colonoscopy or a sigmoidoscopy for Crohn's disease?
Answer: He'll inflate them and deflate the balloons to move the tube through your intestine. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy: Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy allow your doctor to directly view the large intestine, which is the lower part of the digestive tract. A colonoscopy can provide a view of all of the large intestine and often the end of the small intestine, which is frequently affected by Crohn's. In either case, the doctor can directly view the colon to check for signs of ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding. The doctor can also take small samples of tissue to examine under a microscope, known as a biopsy. This helps determine whether the tissue shows signs of Crohn's disease or other problems.\ Computed tomography ( CT) scan: CT scanning uses computer-aided X-ray techniques to make more detailed images of the abdomen and pelvis than can be seen in traditional X-rays.
Question: What are the goals of tests and exams to diagnose Crohn's disease?
Answer: To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources. You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease.
Question: How is fibromyalgia treated?
Answer: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and drugs that help you sleep. The three drugs approved specifically for fibro pain are: Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Milnacipran ( Savella) Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Over-the-counter painkillers may help, too. Stronger medicines, like opioids, tend not to work well in the long run, and you could become dependent on them.
Question: What is fibromyalgia?
Answer: Fibromyalgia is the second most common condition affecting your bones and muscles. But a combination of medication, exercise, managing your stress, and healthy habits may ease your symptoms enough that you can live a normal, active life. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and drugs that help you sleep.
Question: What causes fibromyalgia?
Answer: We do know certain things suggest you're more likely to get it: You're a woman. You have another painful disease, such as arthritis, or an infection. You have a mood disorder, like anxiety or depression. You were physically or emotionally abused or have PTSD. You rarely exercise. Other family members have it. If your doctor can't find another reason for how you feel, they'll use a two-part scoring system to measure how widespread your pain has been and how much your symptoms affect your daily life.
Question: How can a social worker help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: This professional isn't a doctor but someone who helps take care of any concerns you may have while you're living with HIV. She can offer support and teach you ways to handle issues. Social workers are sometimes called "patient navigators."
Question: What is an interdisciplinary care team for someone with HIV?
Answer: Many different medical professionals provide care, comfort, and treatment for people with HIV. They offer services that range from primary health care to information about the disease and about nutrition. This is known as an "interdisciplinary care team." The specific providers you need will depend on your overall health and preferences. For help finding HIV/ AIDS services, visit AIDS.gov.
Question: How can an infectious disease specialist help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: This doctor is trained to diagnose and manage infections like HIV. An infectious disease expert also can watch for other infections that are more likely to develop if you have HIV, including hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and certain types of pneumonia. You might choose this specialist as your HIV care team leader, or your primary care doctor may refer you to him.
Question: What does a case manager do if you have HIV?
Answer: This person helps you find and coordinate many of the needs that often come with a complicated disease. For example, your case manager may help you apply for insurance benefits or get housing, or find mental health or substance abuse services. Your case manager also will follow up to make sure you receive the service you need. You don't have to have a case manager. But research shows that people with HIV who use one are more likely to visit their doctor at least once every 6 months.
Question: How can nutritionist and dietitian help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: She will prescribe the medicines you need, such as an antiretroviral medication to control the HIV virus to help you stay well for many years. This doctor is trained to diagnose and manage infections like HIV.
Question: How can a pharmacist help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: You choose which you want to work with. This professional can answer your questions about drug safety and side effects. Many offer vaccines, including the flu shot, which people with HIV need every year.
Question: How can a primary HIV care provider help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: Your primary provider could be a medical doctor ( MD, DO), a physician assistant ( PA), or a nurse practitioner ( NP). You choose which you want to work with. It's best to find someone you're comfortable with because this person will be your main point of contact for a long time. She will prescribe the medicines you need, such as an antiretroviral medication to control the HIV virus to help you stay well for many years. If your primary HIV care provider is not an expert in infectious diseases, she may refer you to one. Your treatment involves caring for both your body and your mind.
Question: How can a mental health provider help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: This is your team leader, the person who plans your treatment and watches your progress. That can be life threatening in people with HIV. She can offer support and teach you ways to handle issues.
Question: How can I motivate a child with ADHD?
Answer: You don't have to spoil your child with money, expensive gifts, or food. Prizes can be small.
Question: Is normal for ADHD to cause my child to not get tasks done?
Answer: It's a common complaint: ADHD makes it hard for your child to focus on a task long enough to start it, let alone finish it. Sure, you could pick up that dirty sock on the floor yourself, but your child needs to learn ways to get things done on his own.
Question: How can I remind my child with ADHD about chores or tasks?
Answer: Write them down, so your kid can check off the tasks as she finishes each one. Add a picture of the clean room to the checklist so she can see the goal. Use large, colorful sticky notes. Put them where they'll do the most good, in places where your child needs to remember something -- " Brush your teeth" on the bathroom mirror or " Do you have your backpack?" by the door, for examples. Use a calendar for ongoing weekly tasks or projects that will take a while.
Question: Does it help to get frustrated with a child with ADHD?
Answer: If you get frustrated when your child doesn't follow through, remember that it's not her fault. It's just how her brain works. Having ADHD is hard for her, too. She probably gets called out by teachers, peers, and maybe even you many times a day. Don't dwell on her mistakes. Focus on her strengths and play up her successes.
Question: What kind of rewards won't motivate a child with ADHD?
Answer: You can't just tell a child with ADHD to go clean her room. That kind of goal is too abstract and too far off to inspire a kid with ADHD.
Question: How can I help my child complete chores on their own?
Answer: That chore is too big for a kid who's easily distracted. Write them down, so your kid can check off the tasks as she finishes each one. Add a picture of the clean room to the checklist so she can see the goal.
Question: What can trigger Charcot foot?
Answer: But other things can cause nerve damage, too, including: Alcohol or drug abuse An infection Spinal cord disease or injury Parkinson's disease HIV Syphilis There's no specific cause for Charcot foot. But some things can trigger it: A sprain or broken bone that doesn't get treatment quickly A sore on your foot that doesn't heal An infection Foot surgery that heals slowly As these problems begin, you may not know that your foot is hurt since nerve damage keeps you from feeling pain. So the injury or sore gets worse as you walk on it. Then the bones in the foot begin to lose the calcium that makes them strong.
Question: What causes Charcot foot?
Answer: Charcot foot affects people who can't feel anything in their feet and ankles because of nerve damage. That's a common problem for people with diabetes. But other things can cause nerve damage, too, including: Alcohol or drug abuse An infection Spinal cord disease or injury Parkinson's disease HIV Syphilis There's no specific cause for Charcot foot.
Question: Are there any adults who shouldn't get the meningococcal vaccine?
Answer: Early symptoms of both meningitis and blood infection can be confused with the flu or a cold, but symptoms can rapidly become more severe and may include: Sudden high fever Headache Stiff neck Aches Fatigue Purplish rash on arms and legs Other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental state The CDC recommends you get the vaccine if you are an adult and: Are living in a dorm as a first-year college student Work with meningococcal bacteria in a lab Are in the military Are traveling to or living in a country where meningococcal disease is common, such as in certain parts of Africa Have a damaged spleen, or it's been removed Have an immune system disorder called terminal complement deficiency Are taking eculizumab ( Soliris) May have been exposed to meningitis during an outbreak Have HIV You shouldn't get either type of meningococcal vaccine if you: Are moderately or seriously ill; wait until you recover. Have had a serious allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis) to a previous dose Had a severe reaction to any part of the vaccine If you are pregnant or have other concerns, ask your doctor which meningitis vaccine is right for you.
Question: What is the meningococcal vaccine?
Answer: The vaccine can't cause meningococcal disease.
Question: How and when should you get the meningococcal vaccine?
Answer: In most cases, adults only need one dose. But if you remain at risk, you may need a booster. Some adults may need another type of meningitis vaccine, the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine, if they are exposed to this virus through work or travel or if they have a damaged or missing spleen, or certain immune system disorders.
Question: Who should get the meningococcal vaccine?
Answer: Early symptoms of both meningitis and blood infection can be confused with the flu or a cold, but symptoms can rapidly become more severe and may include: Sudden high fever Headache Stiff neck Aches Fatigue Purplish rash on arms and legs Other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental state The CDC recommends you get the vaccine if you are an adult and: Are living in a dorm as a first-year college student Work with meningococcal bacteria in a lab Are in the military Are traveling to or living in a country where meningococcal disease is common, such as in certain parts of Africa Have a damaged spleen, or it's been removed Have an immune system disorder called terminal complement deficiency Are taking eculizumab ( Soliris) May have been exposed to meningitis during an outbreak Have HIV You shouldn't get either type of meningococcal vaccine if you: Are moderately or seriously ill; wait until you recover.
Question: Are there any dangers or side effects associated with the meningococcal vaccine?
Answer: Signs of this include: Hoarseness, wheezing, trouble breathing, or swallowing Hives, itching, skin warmth, or redness Paleness Stomach cramps, diarrhea, or vomiting Anxiety or headache Weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness If you have any signs of a severe reaction: Call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately.
Question: What are symptoms of meningococcal disease?
Answer: Early symptoms of both meningitis and blood infection can be confused with the flu or a cold, but symptoms can rapidly become more severe and may include: Sudden high fever Headache Stiff neck Aches Fatigue Purplish rash on arms and legs Other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental state The CDC recommends you get the vaccine if you are an adult and: Are living in a dorm as a first-year college student Work with meningococcal bacteria in a lab Are in the military Are traveling to or living in a country where meningococcal disease is common, such as in certain parts of Africa Have a damaged spleen, or it's been removed Have an immune system disorder called terminal complement deficiency Are taking eculizumab ( Soliris) May have been exposed to meningitis during an outbreak Have HIV You shouldn't get either type of meningococcal vaccine if you: Are moderately or seriously ill; wait until you recover.
Question: How can diabetes cause polydipsia?
Answer: Diabetes: Super high blood sugar will make you pee a lot. The more you pee, the more dehydrated and thirstier you get, and the more you drink.
Question: What is psychogenic polydipsia?
Answer: Mental illness: Some people have an uncontrollable urge to drink water, so they drink it all day even though they don't need to. This is called psychogenic polydipsia. Mental illnesses that can cause polydipsia include: Schizophrenia and other personality disorders Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety Anorexia Brain injuries and damage: This could be from diseases like HIV or other illnesses.
Question: How can diabetes insipidus cause polydipsia?
Answer: Diabetes insipidus: What most people think of when they hear "diabetes" has to do with your pancreas. Diabetes insipidus happens when there's a problem with your kidneys or your pituitary gland, which makes a hormone that helps control how much water your kidneys keep in your body.
Question: What's the treatment for psychogenic polydipsia?
Answer: For psychogenic polydipsia, treatment includes: Limiting the fluids you drink Counseling Medication
Question: What questions can you ask your doctor about acromegaly?
Answer: If you find out you have acromegaly, you'll probably have a lot of questions. You may want to start by asking your doctor: What is acromegaly? What is causing my acromegaly? What treatment do you recommend? How will treatment change my symptoms? What will success look like? What are the side effects? How many other people with acromegaly have you treated? Am I likely to get this again?
Question: Which medicines can treat acromegaly?
Answer: Your doctor may recommend taking one of these medicines after surgery to help control or cure the disease and bring hormone levels back to normal: Somatostatin analogs (lanreotide or octreotide) Growth hormone receptor antagonists (pegvisomant) Dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine) Those drugs either lower the level of growth hormone in your blood or block the effects it has on your body.
Question: How does surgery treat acromegaly?
Answer: There are three ways to treat acromegaly: Surgery Medicine Radiation Surgery is often the first treatment for people with large tumors affecting vital areas, especially if they are pressing on nerves that harm your vision. The surgeon will remove the tumor from the base of the brain. To get to it, they'll make a small cut in your nose or the inside of your upper lip. In some cases, your doctor may have you take medicine before the surgery to shrink the tumor.
Question: What can you do to prevent viral pneumonia?
Answer: If your lungs are invaded with bacteria, you might also get some of the same symptoms as bacterial pneumonia, like: A wet, gunky cough that produces green, yellow, or bloody mucus Chills that make you shake Fatigue (feeling very tired) Low appetite Sharp or stabby chest pain, especially when you cough or take a deep breath Sweating a lot Fast breathing and heartbeat Blue lips and fingernails Confusion, especially if you're older You can do these things to help lower your odds of getting viral pneumonia: Get a flu shot every year. Wash your hands regularly, especially after you go to the bathroom and before you eat. Eat right, with plenty of fruits and vegetables. Exercise. Get enough sleep. Don't smoke. Stay away from people who are sick. Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health.
Question: How is viral pneumonia diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. Chances are your doctor will listen to your lungs with a stethoscope. That's because certain sounds can mean fluid is in your lungs. But if your doctor isn't sure, you might have to get a chest X-ray.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose viral pneumonia?
Answer: Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. These might include: A pulse oximetry (a small gizmo clipped to your finger checks for enough oxygen in your blood) Blood tests Tests of the gunk you cough up (sputum tests) CT scan to look more closely at your lungs A pleural fluid culture (where your doctor takes some fluid from your chest through a needle) Bronchoscopy -- a look into your lungs through a scope Your doctor won't prescribe antibiotics, because they don't kill viruses.