anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is congenital scoliosis?
Answer: Causes include: Cerebral palsy Muscular dystrophy Birth defects Infections Tumors Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome Congenital scoliosis begins as a baby's back develops before birth. Problems with the tiny bones in the back, called vertebrae, can cause the spine to curve. The vertebrae may be incomplete or fail to divide properly. Doctors may detect this condition when the child is born. Or, they may not find it until the teen years.
Question: Can structural scoliosis be reversed?
Answer: In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can't be reversed.
Question: Can you prevent scoliosis?
Answer: Why does this happen?
Question: When does scoliosis most often show up?
Answer: Scoliosis shows up most often during growth spurts, usually when kids are between 10 and 15 years old.
Question: Who gets degenerative scoliosis?
Answer: Degenerative scoliosis affects adults. It usually develops in the lower back as the disks and joints of the spine begin to wear out as you age.
Question: Should I watch what I eat if I have psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
Answer: So opt for lean protein, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Avoid sugars or starchy items that give you a short-term lift and then leave you drained.
Question: Should I follow a treatment plan to prevent psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
Answer: Follow your treatment plan. Take your medications as prescribed to ease inflammation and pain. That should minimize fatigue. Set reminders on your phone so you don't forget to take them. Don't be afraid to ask your doctor if a medication could be to blame, but never adjust the dose or stop taking them on your own.
Question: Should I relax before bedtime to avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
Answer: Take a soothing, warm bath to ease your joint pain and stiffness. Listen to soft music or read a book to take your mind off your daily stress.
Question: I have psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue, what should I do if my mattress or pillows aren't comfortable?
Answer: Use comfortable, supportive bedding. If your mattress and pillows aren't comfy, you might not be able to stay asleep. Your pain may even get worse. Think about getting pillows or buying a new mattress.
Question: If I have fatigue due to psoriatic arthritis, can caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol make it harder for me to fall asleep?
Answer: Skip caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bedtime. You might think smoking a cigarette, sipping hot tea, or having a cocktail will relax you. The truth is, they'll make it harder for you to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Question: What are some energy boosters that can help prevent psoriatic arthritis-related  fatigue?
Answer: Find ways to perk up when you feel tired during the day. Listen to upbeat music. Step outside into the sunshine. Take a short walk break at work.
Question: To avoid psoriatic arthritis-related  fatigue, when should I stop eating before bedtime?
Answer: Stomach gas can also keep you awake. Relax before bedtime. If your mattress and pillows aren't comfy, you might not be able to stay asleep.
Question: Should I stay active to avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
Answer: A medication might help you get better rest. If you have psoriatic arthritis and need a nap to get through the day, some simple changes can boost your energy and make you feel better. Take your medications as prescribed to ease inflammation and pain.
Question: What should I remove from my bedroom to prevent psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
Answer: They make your joints swell and become painful or stiff. Keep the room dark, quiet, and cool.
Question: What are causes for pericardial effusion?
Answer: In most cases, inflammation of the sac, a condition called pericarditis, leads to the effusion. As it becomes inflamed, more fluid is produced. Viral infections are one of the main causes of the inflammation and the effusions it leads to. These infections include: Cytomegalovirus Coxsackieviruses Echoviruses HIV Other conditions that can cause these effusions include: Cancer Injury to the sac or heart from a medical procedure Heart attack Severe kidney failure, also called uremia Autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) Bacterial infections, including tuberculosis In many cases, no cause can be found. Your doctor may call these idiopathic pericardial effusions.
Question: What medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions?
Answer: Some medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions, like: HIV infection Lupus Tuberculosis In these cases, treating the underlying medical condition will often help treat the effusion.
Question: What are symptoms of pericardial effusion?
Answer: When inflammation of the sac causes a pericardial effusion, the main symptom is chest pain. It may get worse when you breathe deeply and better when you lean forward. Other symptoms may include: Fever Fatigue Muscle aches Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (if you have a virus) When there's no inflammation of the sac, there are often no symptoms.
Question: How is drainage done for a pericardial effusion?
Answer: In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately. Drainage is done in two ways: Pericardiocentesis: A doctor inserts a needle through the chest into the pericardial effusion. A catheter is put into the fluid, and it's suctioned out. Pericardiectomy or pericardial window: A surgeon makes an incision in the chest, reaches in, and cuts away part of the pericardium. This drains the pericardial effusion and usually prevents it from coming back.
Question: How is a pericardial effusion diagnosed?
Answer: If one is suspected, the best test to confirm it is an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) because your doctor would easily see any excess fluid. To find the cause of a pericardial effusion, your doctor may take a sample of the pericardial fluid. In this procedure, called pericardiocentesis, a doctor inserts a needle through your chest, into your pericardial effusion, and takes some fluid.
Question: How is pericardial effusion treated?
Answer: Once the effusion is identified, its size and severity are figured out. Small ones that don't have symptoms and are due to known causes (for example, kidney failure) require no special treatment. For pericardial effusions due to inflammation of the sac, treating the inflammation also treats the effusion. In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately.
Question: How many people have prediabetes?
Answer: About 86 million people in the U. S. over age 20 have prediabetes. And doctors see the need to diagnose it more often. By the time you're diagnosed with diabetes, many of these problems have already taken hold.
Question: Should I use cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin?
Answer: Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin.
Question: Should I take time to rethink my treatment for psoriasis?
Answer: If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.
Question: What should I do if psoriasis causes pus-filled blisters or red and scaly skin?
Answer: Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin. If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.
Question: Where can I use cosmetics to treat psoriasis?
Answer: Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin. If your psoriasis causes pus-filled blisters or red and scaly skin on large parts of your body, ask your doctor before you use any cover-up product. If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.
Question: What causes folliculitis?
Answer: Different kinds of folliculitis have other names you might have heard, such as: Barber's itch Hot tub rash Razor bumps Shaving rash Staph, a kind of bacteria, is most often to blame. You have staph on your skin all the time, and it normally doesn't cause any issues. But if it gets inside your body, say through a cut, then it can cause problems. These other things can also cause folliculitis: Blockages from skin products, such as moisturizers with oils A fungus Hair removal, such as shaving, waxing, and plucking Ingrown hairs Other bacteria, such as the kind you might find in a hot tub Some drugs, such as corticosteroids that are used to ease inflammation In general, you're more likely to get the condition if you have damaged follicles.
Question: How should I shave to prevent folliculitis?
Answer: You might want to try an electric razor. If that doesn't work for you either, then be sure to: Wash your skin with warm water and a gentle cleanser. Apply plenty of gel or shaving cream, not soap, and let it sit 5 to 10 minutes to soften your hairs. Use a new blade each time you shave so you know it's clean and sharp; single blades are ideal. Shave in the direction your hairs grow. Rinse with warm water and use moisturizing lotion.
Question: How should I clean around folliculitis?
Answer: To help yourself heal and ease symptoms, you can: Clean the infected area: Wash twice a day with warm water and antibacterial soap. Be sure to use a fresh cloth and towel each time.
Question: What are symptoms of folliculitis?
Answer: You may have: Groups of small red bumps like pimples, some with white heads on them Blisters that break open, ooze, and become crusty Large areas of red, swollen skin that may leak pus These areas of your skin may be itchy, tender, and painful as well.
Question: How is folliculitis diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor can usually tell if you have it by looking at your skin closely and asking questions about your medical history. You don't usually need tests unless other treatments don't work. In that case, your doctor may use a swab to take a skin sample and find out exactly what's causing the problem.
Question: How can you get folliculitis?
Answer: Hair follicles are tiny pockets in your skin. You have them just about everywhere except for your lips, your palms, and the soles of your feet. If you get bacteria or a blockage in a follicle, it may become red and swollen. You can get this condition anywhere you have hair, but it's most likely to show up on your neck, thighs, buttocks, or armpits.
Question: What should you do when you have Parkinson's but you're too tired to eat?
Answer: If you don't have energy for meals later in the day, you can: Pick foods that are easy to fix, and save your energy for eating. If you live with your family, let them help you make your meal. Look into a delivery service. Some grocery stores have them. Or you can check if you might be able to get food delivered from your local Meals on Wheels program for free or for a small fee. Keep healthy snack foods on hand, like fresh fruit and vegetables or high-fiber cold cereals. Freeze extra portions of what you cook so you have a quick meal when you feel worn out. Rest before you eat so you can enjoy your meal. And eat your biggest meal early in the day to fuel yourself for later.
Question: How should you eat if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Eat a variety of foods from each food category, like fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. If you think you need vitamin supplements, check with your doctor first. Keep your weight in the healthy range for your age and height with exercise and a good diet. Load up on fiber with foods like broccoli, peas, apples, cooked split peas and beans, whole-grain breads, cereals, and pasta. Cut down on sugar, salt, and saturated fats from meat and dairy, and cholesterol. Drink 8 cups of water every day. Ask your doctor you can drink alcohol. It may keep your medications from working right.
Question: Should you take your drugs and food together if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Levodopa is the best medication for Parkinson's. Ideally, you should take it on an empty stomach, about 30 minutes before eating or at least one hour after a meal. But that can cause nausea in some people. Your doctor may prescribe something else or a different mix of drugs, which may not always make the nausea go away. In that case, your doctor may recommend you take medication for your side effects. Also, ask your doctor if you should cut down on protein. In rare cases, a high-protein diet can make levodopa work less well.
Question: What should you do if you have no appetite with Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Some days, you just may not feel like eating at all. Talk to your doctor. Sometimes, depression can cause poor appetite. Your hunger likely will return when you get treatment. Walk or do another light activity to rev up your appetite. Drink beverages after you've finished eating so you don't feel full before the meal. Eat the high-calorie foods on your plate first. But avoid empty calories from sugary sodas, candies, and chips. Choose high-protein and high-calorie snacks, including: Ice cream Cheese Granola bars Custard Sandwiches Nachos with cheese Eggs Crackers with peanut butter Cereal with half and half Greek yogurt Malnutrition and weight loss are often problems for people with Parkinson's.
Question: How can you stay at a healthy weight when you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: If you think you need vitamin supplements, check with your doctor first. Choose high-protein and high-calorie snacks, including: Ice cream Cheese Granola bars Custard Sandwiches Nachos with cheese Eggs Crackers with peanut butter Cereal with half and half Greek yogurt Malnutrition and weight loss are often problems for people with Parkinson's. So it's good to keep track of your weight. Weigh yourself once or twice a week, unless your doctor says to do it more often. If you are taking diuretics or steroids, such as prednisone, you should step on the scale daily. If you gain or lose weight noticeably (2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week), talk to your doctor. Avoid low-fat or low-calorie foods unless you've been told otherwise. Instead, use whole milk, whole milk cheese, and yogurt.
Question: Should I go to the doctor for laryngitis?
Answer: Laryngitis in adults is not serious, but you should see a doctor if you've been hoarse for more than 2 weeks, are coughing up blood, have a temperature above 103 F, or are having trouble breathing.
Question: What happens when you get laryngitis?
Answer: The vocal cords, two folds of tissue within your larynx, become inflamed. Sound from the area is muffled, and you are hoarse. Laryngitis usually isn't a big deal. With proper treatment, it should go away in no more than 3 weeks.
Question: What medicines are bad to use if you have laryngitis?
Answer: Stay away from decongestants. They dry you out when your throat wants moisture. Certain herbs -- such as licorice, marshmallow, and slippery elm -- have reputations as throat pain relievers, but they interact with some medications. Talk to your doctor before taking them.
Question: Should children go to the doctor for laryngitis?
Answer: However, it can be very serious in children. Watch for fever and call a doctor if: Your child is younger than 3 months old and has a temperature of 100 F or higher or is older than 3 months old has a fever of 102 F or higher. He's having trouble swallowing or breathing, or is making high-pitched sounds when inhaling, or drooling more than usual.
Question: What are some home remedies for laryngitis?
Answer: You can try a number of home remedies to aid in your healing: Drink plenty of fluids. Early on, swallowing may be painful, but the more you're hydrated, the better. But, avoid alcohol and caffeine. Use humidifiers and menthol inhalers. Moisture is your friend, and menthol can be soothing. Gargle with warm salt water. The salinity not only soothes the area, but also reduces swelling. Avoid dry, smoky, or dusty rooms. You may also suck on throat lozenges, which often contain herbs such as eucalyptus and mint, known for calming sore throats.
Question: What causes laryngitis?
Answer: Though it's usually virus-related, there are also ongoing, or chronic, forms of the illness, generally brought on by smoking and alcohol abuse. Acid reflux can also play a role. Strong acids can travel up from the stomach into your throat and get all the way to your larynx. This can irritate it and make you lose your voice. Other causes of chronic cases include: Allergies Bacterial infection Fungal infection, such as thrush Injury, such as a hit to the throat Inhalation of chemical fumes Sinus disease Some health conditions, including cancer, can also help cause laryngitis.
Question: What are the symptoms of laryngitis?
Answer: An infection, such as a cold, the flu, or bronchitis, may spur the swelling. Symptoms include: Sore throat A low-grade fever Hoarseness Trouble speaking A dry cough A constant urge to clear your throat Swollen glands You have a greater chance of getting it if you smoke, overuse your voice a lot (if you are a singer or public speaker, for example), or are prone to colds, the flu, and bronchitis.
Question: How do you get corneal diseases?
Answer: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped "window" at the front of your eye. It helps to focus the light that comes in. Disease, infection, injury, and exposure to toxins can damage it.
Question: How does glaucoma affect you?
Answer: A common form is primary open angle glaucoma. Most people who have it don't have early symptoms or pain. So it's important to keep up with your regular eye exams.
Question: When does presbyopia happen?
Answer: This happens when you lose the ability, despite good distance vision, to clearly see close objects and small print. After age 40 or so, you may have to hold a book or other reading material farther away from your eyes to make it easier to read.
Question: What does it mean when you have corneal diseases?
Answer: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped "window" at the front of your eye. It helps to focus the light that comes in. Disease, infection, injury, and exposure to toxins can damage it. Signs include: Red eyes Watery eyes Pain Reduced vision, or a halo effect The main treatment methods include: A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription Medicated eye drops Surgery Your eyelids do a lot for you.
Question: How can you treat vision changes as you get older?
Answer: As you get older, you may find that you can't see as well as you once did. That's normal. You'll probably need glasses or contacts. You may choose to have surgery ( LASIK) to correct your vision. If you already have glasses, you may need a stronger prescription.
Question: When should you see an eye doctor about problems with contact lenses?
Answer: If you do everything right and still have problems with your contacts, see your eye doctor. You might have allergies, dry eyes, or just be better off with glasses. Once you know what the problem is, you can decide what's best for you.
Question: What can you do to restore good reading vision if you have presbyopia?
Answer: Reading glasses, contact lenses, LASIK, which is laser eye surgery, and other procedures can be used to restore good reading vision.
Question: What are floaters?
Answer: These are tiny spots or specks that float across your field of vision. Most people notice them in well-lit rooms or outdoors on a bright day.
Question: What does it mean to have crossed eyes (strabismus)?
Answer: If your eyes aren't lined up with each other when you look at something, you could have strabismus. You might also hear it called crossed eyes or walleye. This problem won't go away on its own. You'll need to get an ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, to correct it.
Question: What does it mean if you see floaters?
Answer: Floaters are usually normal, but they sometimes can be a sign of a more serious eye problem, like retinal detachment. That's when the retina at the back of your eye separates from the layer underneath. When this happens, you might also see light flashes along with the floaters or a dark shadow come across the edge of your sight.
Question: What does it mean to be colorblind?
Answer: When you can't see certain colors, or can't tell the difference between them (usually reds and greens), you may be colorblind. It happens when the color cells in your eye (the doctor will call them cone cells) are absent or don't work. When it's most severe, you can only see in shades of gray, but this is rare. Most people who have it are born with it, but you can get it later in life from certain drugs and diseases. Your doctor can tell you what's to blame. Men are much more likely to be born with it than women.
Question: How can you avoid problems with contact lenses?
Answer: They work well for many people, but you need to take care of them. Wash your hands before you touch them. Follow the care guidelines that came with your prescription. And follow these rules: Never wet them by putting them in your mouth. That can make an infection more likely. Make sure your lenses fit properly, so they don't scratch your eyes. Use eye drops that say they're safe for contact lenses. Never use homemade saline solutions. Even though some lenses are FDA-approved for sleeping in them, doing so raises the risk of a serious infection.
Question: How can you avoid pinkeye?
Answer: People of all ages can get it. Causes include infection, exposure to chemicals and irritants, or allergies.
Question: What does it mean if you have retinal disorders?
Answer: The retina is a thin lining on the back of your eye that is made up of cells that collect images and pass them on to your brain. Retinal disorders block this transfer.
Question: What causes glaucoma?
Answer: It doesn't happen often, but glaucoma can be caused by: An injury to the eye Blocked blood vessels Inflammatory disorders of the eye Treatment includes prescription eye drops or surgery.
Question: What does it mean when I have cross eyes?
Answer: If your eyes aren't lined up with each other when you look at something, you could have strabismus. You might also hear it called crossed eyes or walleye. This problem won't go away on its own. You'll need to get an ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, to correct it.
Question: Why do you have red eyes?
Answer: Their surface is covered in blood vessels that expand when they're irritated or infected. That gives your eyes the red look.
Question: When should you see a doctor about floaters?
Answer: As you get older, you may find that you can't see as well as you once did.
Question: Who can get conjunctivitis (pinkeye)?
Answer: People of all ages can get it. Causes include infection, exposure to chemicals and irritants, or allergies.
Question: How do you get eyestrain?
Answer: Anyone who reads for hours, works at a computer, or drives long distances knows about this one. It happens when you overuse your eyes. They get tired and need to rest, just like any other part of your body.
Question: How do doctors diagnose colorblindness?
Answer: Your eye doctor can diagnose it with a simple test. There's no treatment if you're born with it, but special contacts and glasses can help some people tell the difference between certain colors.
Question: How is a lazy eye treated?
Answer: Lifelong vision problems can be avoided if a lazy eye is detected and treated during early childhood. Treatment includes corrective glasses or contact lenses and using a patch or other strategies to make a child use the lazy eye.
Question: What does it mean to have dry eyes?
Answer: This happens when your eyes can't make enough good-quality tears. You might feel like something is in your eye or like it's burning. Rarely, in severe cases, extreme dryness can lead to some loss of vision.