anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What kind of tumors can form in the liver?
Answer: Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have. The more common benign tumors of the liver include: Hemangioma Hepatic adenoma Focal nodular hyperplasia Cysts Lipoma Fibroma Leiomyoma None of these tumors are treated like liver cancer.
Question: Which liver tumors are cancerous?
Answer: Liver cancers include: Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) Cholangiocarcinoma ( These are really cancers of the bile duct.
Question: What does the liver do?
Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver.
Question: What increases risk for liver cancer?
Answer: Various cancer-causing substances are associated with primary liver cancer, including certain herbicides and chemicals such as vinyl chloride and arsenic. Smoking, especially if you abuse alcohol as well, also increases risk. Aflatoxins, cancer-causing substances made by a type of plant mold, have also been implicated. Aflatoxins can contaminate wheat, peanuts, rice, corn, and soybeans. These are rare problems in most developed countries like the U. S. Other causes include the hormones androgen and estrogen and a dye formerly used in medical tests called thorotrast.
Question: What is primary liver cancer and how common is it?
Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver. Most liver cancer is secondary or metastatic, meaning it started elsewhere in the body. Primary liver cancer, which starts in the liver, accounts for about 2% of cancers in the U. S., but up to half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This is mainly due to the prevalence of hepatitis, caused by contagious viruses, that predisposes a person to liver cancer. In the U. S., primary liver cancer strikes twice as many men as women, at an average age of 67.
Question: What are the risk factors for liver cancer?
Answer: Other risk factors for liver cancer may include: Your sex. Men are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma than women. Your weight. Obesity can increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Your race. In the U. S., liver cancer is most common in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Anabolic steroid use. Male hormonesabused by athletes to increase muscle can slightly increase liver cancer risk with long-term use. History of diabetes. Studies have suggested a link between diabetes and liver cancer. This is likely due to the link between diabetes and fatty liver disease. Inherited metabolic diseases. Diseases that disrupt the normal metabolism of the body have been shown to increase your risk of liver cancer. Rare diseases. Studies have found a link between liver cancer and some rare diseases like alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and Wilson's disease.
Question: Which liver tumors are benign?
Answer: These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. They will not be discussed in this article.)
Question: How can the severity of fractures vary?
Answer: An oblique fracture is when the break is on an angle through the bone A pathologic fracture is caused by a disease that weakens the bone A stress fracture is a hairline crack The severity of a fracture depends upon the fracture subtype and location. Serious fractures can have dangerous complications if not treated promptly; possible complications include damage to blood vessels or nerves and infection of the bone (osteomyelitis) or surrounding tissue. Recuperation time varies depending on the age and health of the patient and the type of fracture. A minor fracture in a child may heal within a few weeks; a serious fracture in an older person may take months to heal.
Question: What are fractures?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Fractures are common; the average person has two during a lifetime. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. For example: A greenstick fracture in which the bone is bent, but not broken all the way through A buckle fracture results from compression of two bones driven into each other.
Question: What kind of doctor should I see if I can't see a rheumatologist for my rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If you can't see a rheumatologist for all your RA care, look for one who will partner with your regular doctor. You'll still need to see the rheumatologist once in a while, but your primary care doctor may handle your day-to-day treatment. If it's not possible to see a rheumatologist at all, look for a primary care doctor who treats many people with RA and ask if they can work with a rheumatologist remotely.
Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Key things to know about your doctor include: Are they part of a group, or do they work on their own? Can I see the doctor of my choice in the practice, or must I see the first available doctor? How long is the average wait for an appointment? Does the office offer evening or weekend appointments?
Question: Is it best to see a rheumatologist if I have arthritis?
Answer: If your doctor doesn't have all the traits you'd like, tell them how you feel and ask for what you need. If you're still unhappy, look for another doctor.
Question: Why do I need to be comfortable talking to my doctor about rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: It's simple: You need to be able to tell your doctor what's going on, and she should be able to communicate clearly to support you. Your doctor should also help you better understand your RA, what to expect from treatment, and what complementary treatments might help or hurt your condition.
Question: What should you do if you missed two birth control pills?
Answer: If you don't remember until the next day, go ahead and take 2 pills that day. If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day. You will then be back on schedule.
Question: What should you do if you missed one birth control pill?
Answer: If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day.
Question: Should you use another form of birth control if you forgot to take a birth control pill
Answer: Any time you forget to take a pill, you must use another form of birth control until you finish the pill pack. When you forget to take a birth control pill, you increase the chance of releasing an egg from your ovary.
Question: What happens if you forget to take your placebo pills for birth control?
Answer: But if you forget to take any of the last 7 (or last 4 of a 4-pill placebo pack or last 2 of a 2-pill placebo pack) out of the 28 day pills, you will not raise your chance of pregnancy, because these pills contain only inactive ingredients. Some pill packs don't have any placebo pills, so it's best to take all of your pills on schedule so you can stay on track.
Question: What should you do if you miss your period and forgot to take a birth control pill?
Answer: If you miss more than 2 birth control pills, call your doctor for instructions. Many women do not have a period on low-dose birth control pills even if they don't miss any pills. This is normal, so don't be concerned -- but do take the test to be sure.
Question: What should you do if you missed more than two birth control pills?
Answer: You may need to take one pill daily until Sunday and then start a new pack. Or you might need to throw out the rest of the pill pack and start over with a new pack that same day. If you miss your period and have forgotten to take one or more pills, get a pregnancy test.
Question: What should you know about allergic asthma triggers?
Answer: If your child has allergic asthma and inhales one of his triggers, that can launch an attack, making him cough, wheeze, and have trouble breathing. It's best to know what your child's triggers are so you can help him avoid them altogether or at least keep them far, far away. Each person has their own set of asthma triggers, but there are some common ones you can watch for.
Question: How should you watch for smoke as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: There are a million good reasons to keep yourself and your child away from tobacco smoke, and allergic asthma is one of them. Secondhand smoke is extra toxic to young children because their lungs aren't mature yet. Make sure no one smokes in your home or your car. Other types of smoke, such as from wood-burning stoves, can also make asthma worse. If you can, avoid wood fires, inside and outside.
Question: How should you watch for cockroaches as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states. They eat and drink the same things you do: water and leftovers. But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. To prevent them, keep food stored in the fridge or in an airtight container, wash dishes right after you use them, sweep up any crumbs, and plug any holes or cracks that let cockroaches get inside. You can also set out traps. If you see any roach droppings, sweep them up right away and put them in the trash. And keep a lid on your trash can inside and take it out often.
Question: How should you watch for dust mites as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: There's not much you can do about shedding dead skin, but you can work to keep dust mites from bothering your family. Wash any bed linens that you can at least once a week in hot water, then put them in a hot dryer. Wash stuffed toys the same way. There are also special covers for mattresses and pillows. If you can, trade in carpets, rugs, and fabric furniture for wood, vinyl, and other smooth surfaces. These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states.
Question: How should you watch for mold as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. Outside, it thrives in soil and plant debris, which doesn't really pose a health problem. Inside, mold is a hazard, lurking in damp places like basements, the kitchen sink, and anywhere you have leaks or standing water. Your best defense is to get rid of as much moisture as possible from your home. Clean up any mold you can see, use exhaust fans when you're in the shower, and run a dehumidifier or air conditioner. A drier house will also cut down on roaches and mites.
Question: How should you watch for pollen as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: But the fur and feathers aren't the problem. ( Climate change also means that pollen seasons can last longer than they used to.) Thunderstorms can also cause plants to release their pollen. Keep an eye on local weather forecasts and pollen counts, and have your child stay indoors on days when the counts are high.
Question: How should you watch for smells as a trigger for allergic asthma?
Answer: It's both an indoor and outdoor trigger for allergic asthma. This includes cleaning agents with chlorine, scented candles, incense, hairspray, air fresheners, deodorants and perfumes, paint, and pesticides. Look for fragrance-free personal care products. If you need to use paint or pesticides, make sure your child is not nearby.
Question: How is pain for most ankle injuries controlled?
Answer: For most ankle injuries, pain is controlled by using an over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen. The specific treatment of the injury depends on the type of injury.
Question: Can you put weight on ankle after it has been injured
Answer: It is important not to put any weight on the ankle until after it's been evaluated by a doctor, which should be done as soon as possible. Fractures and sprains that are ignored or aren't treated properly can lead to long-term chronic problems with the ankle, such as repeated injury, ankle weakness, and arthritis.
Question: What is an ankle fracture versus an ankle sprain?
Answer: A fracture describes a break in one or more of the bones. A sprain is the term that describes damage to ligaments when they are stretched beyond their normal range of motion. A ligament sprain can range from many microscopic tears in the fibers that comprise the ligament to a complete tear or rupture. A strain refers to damage to muscles and tendons as a result of being pulled or stretched too far.
Question: What are ankle injuries?
Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. The ankle is where three bones meet -- the tibia and fibula of your lower leg with the talus of your foot. These bones are held together at the ankle joint by ligaments, which are strong elastic bands of connective tissue that keep the bones in place while allowing normal ankle motion. Tendons attach muscles to the bones to do the work of making the ankle and foot move, and help keep the joints stable.
Question: What does the overall treatment process of an ankle sprain look like?
Answer: On average, the initial treatment of a sprain, includes resting, and protecting the ankle until swelling goes down for about one week. That's followed by a period of one to two weeks of exercise to restore range of motion, strength, and flexibility. It can take several more weeks to several months to gradually return to your normal activities while you continue to exercise.
Question: How long do bones take to heal after an ankle break?
Answer: It's important to rest the ankle to prevent further damage and keep weight off of it. Elevating the injured ankle to at least the level of your heart will reduce swelling and pain. Ligaments and tendons can take longer to heal after a fracture is fully mended. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months. After the doctor has determined it is safe for you to start moving your ankle, you may need physical therapy to provide gait training, balance, strengthening, and mobility exercises. The therapist will develop a home program that you can use to regain your previous normal function. It can take several months to return to a normal walking pattern without limping.
Question: How do you treat tendon injuries?
Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. They include: Immobilization using a cast or splint Oral or injected anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain Physical therapy for range of motion, strength, and balance A brace to provide support during activities Surgery to repair the tendon or tendons and sometimes to repair the supporting structures of the foot The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases recommends the following steps for reducing your risk of an ankle injury: Avoid exercising or playing sports when you are tired or in pain.
Question: What are symptoms of tendinosis?
Answer: Symptoms include: Sporadic pain on the outside of the ankle Weakness or instability in the ankle An increase in the height of the foot's arch With the subluxation you will notice ankle instability or weakness. You also may notice sporadic pain behind the outside ankle bone and a "snapping" feeling around the ankle bone. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months.
Question: Who is most likely to get ankle injuries?
Answer: However, men between 15 and 24 years old have higher rates of ankle sprain, compared to women older than age 30 who have higher rates than men. Half of all ankle sprains occur during an athletic activity. Every day in the U. S., 25,000 people sprain their ankle. And more than 1 million people visit emergency rooms each year because of ankle injuries. The most common ankle injuries are sprains and fractures, which involve ligaments and bones in the ankle. But you can also tear or strain a tendon. The doctor may order an ankle X-ray to determine whether there are any broken bones.
Question: Are fractures treated surgically or nonsurgically?
Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. Typically the doctor will do this by putting on a brace that works as a splint or by putting on a cast. If the ankle is unstable, the fracture will be treated surgically. Often, the ankle is made stable by using a metal plate and screws to hold the bones in place. Following the surgery, the ankle is protected with a splint until the swelling goes down and then with a cast.
Question: How do you treat mild ankle sprains?
Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. With a mild sprain, you won't need a splint or a cast. Your doctor will tell you to put weight on the ankle fairly soon -- within one to three days -- as long as you can tolerate it and will prescribe range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises.
Question: What are some questions I should ask my doctor about my skin allergy?
Answer: Do I need allergy testing? Should I see a specialist? What will make my rash feel better? Will it go away? Can I use over-the-counter medications, or do I need prescription drugs? If I need medicine, what are the possible side effects? Are there things I should avoid? Can I take something to prevent an allergic reaction? Are there other treatments that could help? Should I be worried about an allergic emergency? What should I watch for? Do I need to be concerned about other allergies?
Question: Can physical problems of the uterus cause abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: Millions of women have fibroids -- noncancerous tumors that grow in the muscles of the wall of the uterus. A polyp is another kind of growth that can form in the lining of your uterus. And a condition called adenomyosis causes the endometrium to grow into the tissue of the uterus.
Question: How do NSAIDs treat abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: If you take anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen or naproxen a few days before your period starts, they may help lighten the bleeding.
Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a hysteroscopy?
Answer: Hysteroscopy: Your doctor will look inside your uterus with a tiny lighted scope that they put in through your cervix.
Question: What are less common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: These are much less common, but abnormal uterine bleeding also can be caused by: Bleeding or clotting disorders or blood-thinning medicines Cancer of the cervix, endometrium, or uterus Illnesses that affect your kidneys, liver, thyroid, or adrenal glands Infection of your cervix or endometrium It can help to take detailed notes over a few cycles so you can give your doctor specific information about your symptoms.
Question: Do doctors look at how often you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: Doctors check these things when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding: How often you get your period: Your period should be fairly regular -- the length of each cycle usually shouldn't change by more than a week. And if it's shorter than 3 weeks or longer than 5, that could be a sign of a problem.
Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an ultrasound?
Answer: Ultrasound: This uses sound waves to make images of the inside of your uterus so your doctor can look for fibroids or polyps.
Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an MRI scan?
Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging scan: This uses radio waves and powerful magnets to make detailed pictures of your uterus. It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.
Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a biopsy?
Answer: Biopsy: Your doctor may take out a small piece of tissue so it can be checked under a microscope for abnormal cells.
Question: What is endometrial ablation?
Answer: This uses heat, cold, electricity, or a laser to destroy the lining of the uterus. It may end your periods entirely. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do. You'll need to use birth control until menopause.
Question: What is a myomectomy or uterine artery embolization?
Answer: It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.
Question: What things can throw off your hormones and lead to abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: These things can throw off your hormones, too: Birth control pills and other medicines Fast weight loss or gain Emotional or physical stress An intrauterine device ( IUD) Another possible reason for abnormal bleeding is a physical problem with your uterus.
Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with blood work?
Answer: You'll probably get a pregnancy test, and you may also have: Blood work: Heavy bleeding can leave your body short of iron. A blood test can see if that's a problem for you. It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.
Question: What causes abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: Problems with your hormones are the most common reason for abnormal uterine bleeding. When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). With teenagers and women who are getting close to menopause, the endometrium can build up too much, and that can lead to an irregular or heavy period or spotting between periods.
Question: How does tranexamic acid treat abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: This is when your uterus is taken out.
Question: Do doctors look at how long you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: How long it lasts: A typical period lasts 4 or 5 days. If yours is often less than 2 days or longer than a week, that could mean something's wrong.
Question: How do hormones treat abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: Birth control pills and other hormone treatments may be able to give you regular menstrual cycles and lighter periods.
Question: How do you treat abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: This will depend on the cause of the abnormal uterine bleeding -- if a chronic illness or a blood disorder is at the root of your symptoms, treating that can help. Your treatment also can depend on whether you plan to have children. It might not be safe to get pregnant after some treatments, while others can make it impossible. If you're close to menopause, your doctor may want to take a wait-and-see approach because your symptoms may get better on their own.
Question: How do gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) treat abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.
Question: What is abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer: If it's so heavy or unpredictable that it keeps you from doing some activities or makes you miss work or school, you may have a medical condition that should be treated. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do.