anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does a screening test for lung cancer work?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT). It's a machine that uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of your lungs. It's a super-easy exam to take. You don't need any special prep, like fasting. You just need to hold your breath for about 6 seconds while a technician takes a scan. The whole thing takes about 10 minutes. One thing to keep in mind: Sometimes an LCDT can give a result that looks like cancer, but really isn't. Doctors call this situation a false-positive. You may need to take some other tests to double-check.
Question: How is a sputum cytology used to diagnose lung cancer?
Answer: This test looks for cancer cells in your mucus. To get a sample, you'll breathe deeply and then cough with enough force to bring some up from your lungs. Then you'll spit it out into a cup.
Question: How is a bronchoscopy done to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: For this test, he removes a tissue sample through a thin tube that he places into your lungs.
Question: How is an endoscopic ultrasound done to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: When you get this test, he inserts a needle through a lighted tube called an endoscope.
Question: How is a thoracentesis done to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: Your doctor puts a needle into the space between your lung and chest wall to remove fluid, which he checks for cancer cells.
Question: How is thoracentesis used to diagnose lung cancer?
Answer: Your doctor puts a needle into the space between your lung and chest wall to remove fluid, which he checks for cancer cells.
Question: What should I do as my doctor proposes a treatment plan for my lung cancer?
Answer: If you get a diagnosis of lung cancer, your doctor will discuss a treatment plan. But make sure you also get the emotional backing you need. Reach out to your family and friends. They can be a huge source of support while you manage and treat your condition. Also look into support groups, where you can talk to people who are going through the same things you are.
Question: How are imaging tests used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is.
Question: How is a biopsy used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: In this test, your doctor removes some cells from your lungs to check under a microscope for cancer, and to figure out which kind it is.
Question: How is a biopsy used to detect cancer?
Answer: In this test, your doctor removes some cells from your lungs to check under a microscope for cancer, and to figure out which kind it is.
Question: How is positron emission tomography (PET) used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: It uses a special type of radiation that collects in cancer cells. A camera then takes pictures of these areas. Your doctor can use this exam to find out if a growth that showed up on an X-ray is really cancer, and to see if it's moved to other places.
Question: How is a chest x-ray used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: If your doctor thinks you might have cancer because of your symptoms or your screening test, you may need to take some of these exams: Sputum Cytology. It uses radiation in low doses to make images of your lungs.
Question: What is the purpose of a screening test for lung cancer?
Answer: The heads up would let you start treatment early, when the condition is easier to fight. If your screening shows you may have lung cancer, your doctor will likely order up "diagnostic" tests. Those can pinpoint the type of the disease and whether it's spread to other places in the body. If your doctor thinks you might have cancer because of your symptoms or your screening test, you may need to take some of these exams: Sputum Cytology.
Question: When should you screen for lung cancer?
Answer: The heads up would let you start treatment early, when the condition is easier to fight. If your screening shows you may have lung cancer, your doctor will likely order up "diagnostic" tests. If your doctor thinks you might have cancer because of your symptoms or your screening test, you may need to take some of these exams: Sputum Cytology.
Question: What do your alkaline phosphatase test results mean?
Answer: Higher-than-normal ALP levels for your age and sex may not necessarily mean you have a problem. ( Children and teens naturally have higher levels than adults because their bones are still developing). If your ALP level is high, your doctor may have you take another test, called an ALP isoenzyme test, to determine whether the alkaline phosphatase in your blood is coming from your liver or your bones.
Question: How is an alkaline phosphatase test done?
Answer: Other conditions that can cause problems with your liver include: Liver cancer Cirrhosis Hepatitis Blockage in the bile ducts The test can also spot problems with your bones, including: Cancers that have spread to your bones Paget's disease, which affects how bones grow Issues caused by vitamin D deficiency The lab will need a small amount of blood to perform the test. The person in charge of taking your blood will start by placing a tight elastic band, called a tourniquet, around your upper arm. This makes your veins swell with blood. The lab tech will clean an area of your skin with a germ-killing solution. ( It might be a spot inside your elbow or the back of your hand). You'll feel a small stick when the needle goes into your vein. The blood flows into a small vial attached to the needle. When the test is done, the lab tech will take the tourniquet off, and you'll get a bandage on the spot where the needle went in. It takes only a few minutes.
Question: How is a kissing bug bite treated?
Answer: You usually don't need to do anything. You can wash the bitten area with soap and water. If it's itchy or uncomfortable you can use: An ice pack Antihistamine or steroid creams Over-the-counter antihistamine pills If you're in an area where Chagas disease is a serious health concern and you get a kissing bug bite, see your doctor if: You feel like you have a flu with a fever, nausea, or tiredness Your eyelids are swollen The bite looks infected (it's red, painful, and swollen) If you suddenly have trouble breathing, feel dizzy, or vomit, you may have a serious allergic reaction.
Question: Can kissing bugs cause Chagas disease?
Answer: Kissing bugs sometimes have a parasite in their poop that causes Chagas disease. In most people, that causes mild or no symptoms. But in some, the infection can lead to serious, long-term heart problems or disease in the intestines. Chagas disease from a kissing bug is very rare in humans in the U. S. But the number of cases is growing in southern parts of the country.
Question: What are kissing bugs?
Answer: They don't kiss. But they might bite you, probably while you sleep. Most bites are harmless. Sometimes, though, they can cause allergic reactions or spread disease. Very rarely, they can lead to heart disease or sudden deaths. If they live where you do, here's what you need to know. Like mosquitoes and ticks, kissing bugs need blood to live.
Question: Who is most likely to develop high blood pressure?
Answer: People with family members who have high blood pressure Smokers African- Americans Pregnant women Women who take birth control pills People over the age of 35 People who are overweight or obese People who are not active People who drink alcohol excessively People who eat too many fatty foods or foods with too much salt People who have sleep apnea
Question: How does diet and lifestyle influence essential hypertension?
Answer: Essential hypertension is also greatly influenced by diet and lifestyle. The link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. People living on the northern islands of Japan eat more salt per capita than anyone else in the world and have the highest incidence of essential hypertension. By contrast, people who add no salt to their food show virtually no traces of essential hypertension.
Question: What causes high blood pressure?
Answer: The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found.
Question: What other factors can raise the risk of having essential hypertension?
Answer: Most people with high blood pressure are "salt sensitive," meaning that anything more than the minimal bodily need for salt is too much for them and increases their blood pressure. Other factors that can raise the risk of having essential hypertension include obesity; diabetes; stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; lack of physical activity; and chronic alcohol consumption.
Question: What is "normal" blood pressure?
Answer: The top number is called the systolic, and bottom number is called the diastolic. The ranges are: Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80) Elevated: 120-129/less than 80 Stage 1 high blood pressure: 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 high blood pressure: 140 and above/90 and above Hypertension crisis: higher than 180/higher than 120 -- See a doctor right away If your blood pressure is above the normal range, talk to your doctor about how to lower it.
Question: What is essential hypertension?
Answer: The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found. This type of high blood pressure is called "essential hypertension."
Question: What is secondary hypertension?
Answer: Secondary Hypertension When a direct cause for high blood pressure can be identified, the condition is described as secondary hypertension. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney disease ranks highest. Hypertension can also be triggered by tumors or other abnormalities that cause the adrenal glands (small glands that sit atop the kidneys) to secrete excess amounts of the hormones that elevate blood pressure. Birth control pills -- specifically those containing estrogen -- and pregnancy can boost blood pressure, as can medications that constrict blood vessels.
Question: What is blood pressure?
Answer: The heart pumps blood into blood vessels, which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood out to the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, to stroke, kidney disease, and to heart failure.
Question: What risk factors are linked to essential hypertension?
Answer: High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood out to the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, to stroke, kidney disease, and to heart failure. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely as whites to have high blood pressure, although the gap begins to narrow around age 44. After age 65, black women have the highest incidence of high blood pressure.
Question: How do I wrap my ankle when it has been sprained?
Answer: RICE stands for ârest, ice, compress, and elevate.â Here's how it works: Rest the ankle (use crutches if needed) Ice the ankle for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 to 3 hours for the first 2 days Compress (wrap) the ankle lightly -- not tightly -- with an elastic bandage or ankle brace For the first 48 hours, elevate (raise) the ankle higher than your heart whenever you're lying down Take the compression wrap out of the packaging and unroll it. Place a small section of the cloth just behind your toes and begin to wrap it in a spiral toward your heart. Each layer should cover about half the width of the previous one. Continue wrapping around the foot, heel, and ankle until every bit of skin -- up to several inches above the injury -- is covered.
Question: What is a heart CT scan?
Answer: A heart computerized tomography ( CT) scan, also called a calcium-score screening heart scan, is used to find calcium deposits in plaque of people with heart disease. They're the most effective way to spot atherosclerosis before symptoms develop. The more coronary calcium you have, the more coronary atherosclerosis you have. That gives you a higher chance of cardiovascular problems in the future. Some kinds of coronary disease don't show up in a CT scan, so it's important to remember that this test can't completely predict things like a heart attack.
Question: Can you keep taking medications before a heart CT scan?
Answer: You can continue to take your medications. But you should avoid caffeine and smoking for 4 hours before the test. CT scanners use X-rays, so this is not recommended if you are pregnant.
Question: What happens during a heart CT scan?
Answer: You'll lie on a special scanning table. The technologist will clean three small areas of your chest and place small, sticky electrode patches there. This will help your coronary arteries to show up. During the scan, you'll feel the table move inside a doughnut-shaped scanner. The high-speed CT scan gets many images, in sync with your heartbeat. The whole thing takes only a few minutes.
Question: Are biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: They work on your immune system to ease inflammation and damage in your joints. Use this list to get to know the different types.
Question: How do you take abatacept?
Answer: You can get it by injection every week or by IV once a month.
Question: How do you take tocilizumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: How often do you take golimumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By shot or IV How often you take it: Monthly if by injection ( Simponi), every 8 weeks by IV ( Simponi Aria) ( Simponi Aria) Most common side effects: Runny nose; sore throat; hoarseness or laryngitis; pain, skin reactions, or tingling where you got the shot; and viral infections like flu and cold sores.
Question: What should your doctor look for after treatment with etancercept for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: What should my doctor look for in infliximab used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How does tocilizumab treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Most common side effects: cold, sinus infection, headache, high blood pressure, liver problems Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets IL-6, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. Your doctor will call this type of drug an â IL-6 blocker.â
Question: How do you take anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: How do you take certolizumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: How often do you take anakinra to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By injection How often you take it: Daily Most common side effects: Pain or skin reactions in the area where you get the shot, colds, headache, and nausea Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: What should my doctor ask about rituximab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How often do you take adalimumab?
Answer: You can get it by injection every week or by IV once a month.
Question: What are the most common side effects of infliximab used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Most common side effects: Respiratory infections (like sinus infections and sore throat), headache, coughing, stomach pain Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take them Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take them How they work: They target tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: What should your doctor look for if you are treated with golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How do you take etancercept to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: How do you take rituximab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: How does abatacept work?
Answer: Most common side effects: Headache, cold, sore throat, and nausea Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It blocks the immune system's T cells to lower inflammation.
Question: How often do you take etancercept to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By injection How often you take it: 1-2 times each week Most common side effects: Skin reactions or pain where you get the shot, sinus infections, headache.
Question: What are the most common side effects of adalimumab?
Answer: How you take them: By injection How often you take them: Once every 2 weeks Most common side effects: Colds, sinus infection, headache, and rash Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take them Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take them How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: What are the most common side effects of tocilizumab used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Most common side effects: cold, sinus infection, headache, high blood pressure, liver problems Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets IL-6, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: What are the most common side effects of golimumab used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By shot or IV How often you take it: Monthly if by injection ( Simponi), every 8 weeks by IV ( Simponi Aria) ( Simponi Aria) Most common side effects: Runny nose; sore throat; hoarseness or laryngitis; pain, skin reactions, or tingling where you got the shot; and viral infections like flu and cold sores.
Question: What should your doctor check for if you are taking anakinra to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How often do you take certolizumamb to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection How often you take it: Usually every 2-4 weeks (your doctor will decide) Most common side effects: Flu or cold, rash, urinary tract infections Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How often should I take infliximab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take them: By IV How often you take them: Your doctor will decide on the dose and how often you should take them.
Question: How do you take golimumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: How you take it: By injection or IV How often you take it: You can take it by IV once a month.
Question: What are the common side effects of anakinra used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By injection How often you take it: Daily Most common side effects: Pain or skin reactions in the area where you get the shot, colds, headache, and nausea Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.
Question: How often do you take rituximab to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By IV How often you take it: Your first two infusions with an IV are 2 weeks apart. You can repeat the infusions every 6 months.
Question: What are the most common side effects of etancercept to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor will call this type of drug a â TNF blocker.â How you take it: By injection How often you take it: 1-2 times each week Most common side effects: Skin reactions or pain where you get the shot, sinus infections, headache.
Question: What should your doctor ask about tocilizumab used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your doctor should: Test you for tuberculosis and hepatitis before you take it Check you for infections, including tuberculosis, while you take it How it works: It targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation.