anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Who is more likely to get brucellosis?
Answer: You are more likely to get brucellosis if you: Eat or drink unpasteurized dairy products from cows, goats, or other animals that are infected with the bacteria Eat other unpasteurized cheeses called "village cheeses." These come from high-risk regions, including the Mediterranean Travel to areas where Brucella is common Work in a meat-processing plant or slaughterhouse Work on a farm Brucellosis has also been reported in: Hunters in the U. S. Veterinarians who have immunized cattle with the Brucellavaccine General symptoms of brucellosis are often vague and similar to the flu.
Question: What does the treatment for brucellosis involve?
Answer: Brucellosis can be difficult to treat. If you have brucellosis, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics commonly used to treat brucellosis include: doxycycline ( Acticlate, Monodox, Vibra- Tabs, Vibramycin) streptomycin ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) or ofloxacin ( Floxin) rifampin ( Rifadin, Rimactane) sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ( Bactrim) tetracycline ( Sumycin) You will generally be given doxycycline and rifampin a in combination for 6-8 weeks. You must take the antibiotics for many weeks to prevent the disease from returning. The rate of relapse following treatment is about 5-15% and usually occurs within the first six months after treatment.
Question: How common is brucellosis?
Answer: Fewer than 200 people get sick with the disease each year in the U. S. It is most often seen in the spring and summer months in: Texas California Virginia Florida Brucellosis is considered a significant health threat in other parts of the world. The disease has been reported in more than a half-million people each year in 100 countries, according to the World Health Organization. There is no effective human vaccine to prevent brucellosis.
Question: Can you die from brucellosis?
Answer: Brucellosis is uncommon in children. Most brucellosis-related deaths are due to endocarditis.
Question: What is brucellosis?
Answer: Others occur in dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, and camels. Recently, scientists have seen new strains in the red fox and certain marine animals, including seals. Brucella in animals cannot be cured. Very rarely, the bacteria may spread from person to person. The infection from this type of bacteria spreads from dogs. You are more likely to get brucellosis if you: Eat or drink unpasteurized dairy products from cows, goats, or other animals that are infected with the bacteria Eat other unpasteurized cheeses called "village cheeses." B. suis may cause areas of infection (called abscesses) in different organs.
Question: Can you get brucellosis from your dog?
Answer: B. canis. But spreading brucellosis this way is uncommon. Most dogs infected with Brucella do NOT spread the bacteria to their owners. You are more likely to get brucellosis from an infected dog if you come in contact with blood or other fluids from the animal. Veterinarians have an increased risk of brucellosis. There is no effective human vaccine to prevent brucellosis.
Question: Are there tips for living an easier life with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Tips for Living With MS Take advantage of simple lifestyle changes to ease your multiple sclerosis symptoms. Some of the keys to a smoother day: Improve your sleep habits, eat healthy food, and get smart with technology.
Question: What are analgesics used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: â¢ increased risk of heart attack and stroke Abdominal cramps, diarrhea â¢ Dizziness or drowsiness â¢ Heartburn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, ulcer, or bleeding â¢ Increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and stroke Greater risk of complications for people with cardiovascular disease Analgesics reduce pain but they do not reduce swelling or joint damage. There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription analgesics. Narcotics are the most powerful type of analgesic. Use these carefully and be sure to let your doctor know if you have any history of alcoholism or drug abuse.
Question: Can biologic response modifiers cure rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These RA medications can't cure rheumatoid arthritis. If the drugs are stopped, symptoms may return. But just as with other DMARDs, biologic response modifiers may slow the progression of the disease or help put it into remission. If your doctor prescribes one of these RA drugs, you will likely take it in combination with methotrexate. Biologic response modifiers are taken by injection and/or by IV and are expensive. Their long-term effects are unknown. NOTE: Before taking biologics, it's important to get appropriate vaccinations and to be tested for tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C. Examples of biologic response modifiers: Name Brand Name Precautions Potential Side Effects abatacept Orencia â¢ Tell your doctor if you have a serious infection, such as pneumonia or COPD.
Question: What approach do most doctors use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They started first with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen. Then, they progressed to more potent RA drugs for people who showed signs of joint damage. Today, doctors know that an aggressive approach is often more effective; it will result in fewer symptoms, better function, less joint damage, and decreased disability. The goal, if possible, is to put the disease into remission.
Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If you've been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may recommend that you begin treatment with one of several types of DMARDs within a few months of diagnosis. One of the most important drugs in the arsenal for treating rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs can often slow or stop the progression of RA by interrupting the immune process that promotes inflammation. However, they may take up to six months to be fully effective. DMARDs have greatly improved the quality of life for many people with rheumatoid arthritis. These RA drugs are often used along with NSAIDs or glucocorticoids; however, with this type of medication, you may not need other anti-inflammatories or analgesics.
Question: What analgesics are used for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription analgesics. Narcotics are the most powerful type of analgesic. Use these carefully and be sure to let your doctor know if you have any history of alcoholism or drug abuse.
Question: What are the risks of using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Because DMARDs target the immune system, they also can weaken the immune system's ability to fight infections. This means you must be watchful for early signs of infection. In some cases, you may also need regular blood tests to make sure the drug is not hurting blood cells or certain organs such as your liver, lungs, or kidneys.
Question: What is the role of arthritis medications in rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Arthritis medications play an essential role in controlling the progression and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Starting treatment soon after diagnosis is most effective. And the best medical care combines rheumatoid arthritis medications and other approaches.
Question: When should you use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: As with glucocorticoids, you should use them for brief periods -- they can cause severe digestive tract problems. Which type, if any, your doctor prescribes may depend upon your medical history. If you have a history of liver, kidney, heart problems or stomach ulcers, it's best to not take these drugs. Ask your doctor whether any new NSAIDS producing fewer side effects are available.
Question: How do glucocorticoids help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: â¢ Upper respiratory tract infection â¢ Headache â¢ Diarrhea â¢ Inflammation of the nasal passage and the upper part of the throat Glucocorticoids are steroids. They are strong anti-inflammatory drugs that can also block other immune responses. These rheumatoid arthritis medications help relieve symptoms and may stop or slow joint damage. You receive these RA drugs by pill, or by injection.
Question: What medications are used for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: You may take rheumatoid arthritis medications alone, but they are often most effective in combination. These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Question: When should you use glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Because of the risk of side effects, you should only use these RA drugs for brief periods, for example, when disease flares up or until DMARDs reach their full effectiveness. If your side effects are severe, don't stop taking the drug suddenly. Talk first with your doctor about what to do.
Question: What should be noted before taking biologic response modifiers for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: NOTE: Before taking biologics, it's important to get appropriate vaccinations and to be tested for tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C. Examples of biologic response modifiers: Name Brand Name Precautions Potential Side Effects abatacept Orencia â¢ Tell your doctor if you have a serious infection, such as pneumonia or COPD.
Question: How do analgesics help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: â¢ increased risk of heart attack and stroke Abdominal cramps, diarrhea â¢ Dizziness or drowsiness â¢ Heartburn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, ulcer, or bleeding â¢ Increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and stroke Greater risk of complications for people with cardiovascular disease Analgesics reduce pain but they do not reduce swelling or joint damage.
Question: Are arthritis medications useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Starting treatment soon after diagnosis is most effective. And the best medical care combines rheumatoid arthritis medications and other approaches. These rheumatoid arthritis medications help relieve symptoms and may stop or slow joint damage.
Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. By reducing inflammation, NSAIDS help reduce swelling and pain. But they are not effective in reducing joint damage. These drugs alone are not effective in treating the disease. They should be taken in combination with other rheumatoid arthritis medications.
Question: What are biologic response modifiers for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They target the part of the immune system response that leads to inflammation and joint damage. By doing this, they can improve your condition and help relieve symptoms.
Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications help with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. By reducing inflammation, NSAIDS help reduce swelling and pain. But they are not effective in reducing joint damage. These drugs alone are not effective in treating the disease. They should be taken in combination with other rheumatoid arthritis medications.
Question: What are biologic response modifiers?
Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They target the part of the immune system response that leads to inflammation and joint damage. By doing this, they can improve your condition and help relieve symptoms.
Question: What happens in Tommy John surgery?
Answer: Tommy John surgery is most commonly recommended for athletes who: Don't respond to non-surgical treatments Want to resume strenuous overhead or throwing activities During Tommy John surgery, a tendon is taken from someplace in the patient's body, such as his or her: wrist forearm toe hamstring (thigh) hip knee foot ( Achilles tendon) Sometimes, surgeons use a tendon donated from the body of someone who has died. Surgeons drill tunnels in the ulna and humerus. The tendon (called a "graft") is passed through the tunnels. It is then woven into a figure-eight pattern to reconstruct the ligament. To give the graft added strength, any remnants of the original ligament are attached to the tendon.
Question: What are symptoms of an ulnar collateral ligament injury?
Answer: These sports include: javelin throw tennis gymnastics soccer softball football wrestling cheerleading Symptoms associated with a UCL injury include: Pain on the inside of the elbow A sense of looseness or instability in the elbow Irritation of the "funny bone" (ulnar nerve): This is felt as tingling or numbness in the small finger and ring finger. Decreased ability to throw a baseball or other object Only rarely do UCL injuries interfere with non-throwing activities, such as: activities of daily living exercising lifting weights batting in baseball running Sometimes, a doctor can diagnose a UCL injury through just a history and physical examination.
Question: Who are candidates for Tommy John surgery?
Answer: Tommy John surgery is most commonly recommended for athletes who: Don't respond to non-surgical treatments Want to resume strenuous overhead or throwing activities During Tommy John surgery, a tendon is taken from someplace in the patient's body, such as his or her: wrist forearm toe hamstring (thigh) hip knee foot ( Achilles tendon) Sometimes, surgeons use a tendon donated from the body of someone who has died.
Question: How are ulnar collateral ligament injuries diagnosed?
Answer: Decreased ability to throw a baseball or other object Only rarely do UCL injuries interfere with non-throwing activities, such as: activities of daily living exercising lifting weights batting in baseball running Sometimes, a doctor can diagnose a UCL injury through just a history and physical examination. Diagnostic tests may include: X-rays MRI MRI after gadolinium dye has been injected into the elbow Because such tests are not 100% accurate, however, it can be difficult to diagnose a UCL injury.
Question: What is Tommy John surgery?
Answer: It's most commonly done on college and pro athletes, especially baseball pitchers. But it's sometimes done on younger people as well. The surgery is named after former Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John. In 1974, he underwent the first surgery of this type. During Tommy John surgery, a surgeon replaces the injured UCL with a tendon taken from somewhere else in the patient's body.
Question: How do ulnar collateral ligament injuries happen?
Answer: But throwers have the highest risk. That's because throwing motions that twist and bend the elbow put extreme stress on the ligament. Over time, the UCL can develop tiny or large tears. The ligament stretches and lengthens to the point where it can't hold the bones tightly enough during throwing activities. Complications can occur in anywhere from 5% to 20% of patients, depending on the technique that is used.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose a cervicogenic headache?
Answer: Computerized tomography ( CT) scan: Several X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to show more information than is on a single X-ray. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan: Powerful magnets and radio waves are used to make detailed images of your head, neck, and spine.
Question: What will the doctor do to diagnose a cervicogenic headache?
Answer: He also may suggest a "nerve block." This is a shot done by a specialist that puts numbing medicine into certain nerves in the back of your head. If the pain goes away with the nerve block, it means your headache is probably caused by a problem with nerves in your neck. Nerve block is also one way to treat CH. Your doctor also may have you move your head and neck a certain way to see what's painful for you. He may press on certain areas of your neck to see if that causes a headache.
Question: When do you need emergency medical care for a cervicogenic headache?
Answer: Get emergency medical care if the headache comes on all of a sudden and is very painful or if you start to feel dizzy.
Question: What should you tell your doctor when diagnosing a cervicogenic headache?
Answer: Be sure to tell him if: The headache gets worse over time You also have fever or a rash You hit or hurt your head These might be signs of another health problem that needs attention.
Question: Where can a cervicogenic headache come from?
Answer: CH can come from problems with the bones in your neck (vertebrae), joints, or neck muscles that happen over time. For example, people in certain jobs, like hair stylists, carpenters, and truck drivers, can get CH from the way they hold their heads when they work. Sometimes CH happens in people who hold their heads out in front of their bodies. That's called "forward head motion," and it puts extra weight on your neck and upper back. It also can come from a fall, sports injury, whiplash, or arthritis. Or the nerves in your neck might be compressed (squeezed). You also can get cervicogenic headaches from a tumor or a fracture (small break) in your upper spine or neck.
Question: When should a person with shoulder and neck pain seek medical care?
Answer: See a doctor or go to a hospital emergency room if: Pain is from a severe blow or injury Neck pain radiates down the arms and legs Headaches, numbness, tingling, or weakness occur with pain The person has a stiff neck with fever, vomiting, and sensitivity to light Apply dry or moist heat.
Question: What OTC meds can help ease shoulder and neck pain?
Answer: Give pain medication such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), or Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).
Question: When are some tests for shoulder and neck pain?
Answer: The person may need an X-ray or CT scan depending on the symptoms or an MRI to determine whether the person has a herniated disc or other nerve compression.
Question: How should people with shoulder and neck pain rest?
Answer: The affected area should not be used for a day or two. Normal activities should be gradually resumed.
Question: How can people with shoulder and neck pain reduce swelling?
Answer: If the area is inflamed, apply ice for 20 minutes 4 to 8 times a day.
Question: How can you select the right treatment for acoustic neuroma?
Answer: Selecting the right treatment depends on a number of factors, including: Size of the tumor Whether the tumor is growing Your age Other medical conditions you may have Severity of your symptoms and their impact on your life
Question: How is radiation therapy for acoustic neuroma delivered?
Answer: Radiation therapy for this condition is usually delivered in one of two ways: Single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery ( SRS), in which many hundreds of small beams of radiation are aimed at the tumor in a single session. Multi-session fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy ( FRS), which delivers smaller doses of radiation daily, generally over several weeks. Early studies suggest multi-session therapy may preserve hearing better than SRS. Both of these are outpatient procedures, which means they don't require a hospital stay. They work by causing tumor cells to die. The tumor's growth may slow or stop or it may even shrink, but radiation doesn't completely remove the tumor. Other types of radiation therapy have also been used. Your doctor will explain your options to you.
Question: How does observation help treat acoustic neuroma?
Answer: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting. Because acoustic neuromas are not cancerous and grow slowly, immediate treatment may not be necessary. Often doctors monitor the tumor with periodic MRI scans and will suggest other treatment if the tumor grows a lot or causes serious symptoms.
Question: When is radiation therapy recommended for acoustic neuroma?
Answer: Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas. State-of-the-art delivery techniques make it possible to send high doses of radiation to the tumor while limiting expose and damage to surrounding tissue.
Question: What causes acoustic neuroma?
Answer: NF2 is an inherited disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the nervous system. Acoustic neuromas are the most common of these tumors and often occur in both ears by age 30. NF2 is a rare disorder. It accounts for only 5% of acoustic neuromas. This means the vast majority are the sporadic form. Doctors aren't certain what causes the sporadic form. One known risk factor for acoustic neuroma is exposure to high doses of radiation, especially to the head and neck.
Question: What are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma?
Answer: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting.
Question: What are other symptoms of acoustic neuroma?
Answer: Other symptoms, which may occur over time, include: Problems with balance Vertigo (feeling like the world is spinning) Facial numbness and tingling, which may be constant or come and go Facial weakness Taste changes Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness Headaches Clumsiness or unsteadiness Confusion It's important to see your doctor if you experience these symptoms. Symptoms like clumsiness and mental confusion can signal a serious problem that requires urgent treatment.
Question: How does an acoustic neuroma develop?
Answer: Acoustic neuromas -- sometimes called vestibular schwannomas or neurilemmoma -- usually grow slowly over a period of years. Although they do not actually invade the brain, they can push on it as they grow. Larger tumors can press on nearby cranial nerves that control the muscles of facial expression and sensation. If tumors become large enough to press on the brain stem or cerebellum, they can be deadly.
Question: How are endoscopic resections used to treat acoustic neuroma?
Answer: The downside of this technique is that it results in permanent hearing loss. Using this approach may enable surgeons to preserve a patient's hearing. Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas.
Question: What are the early symptoms of acoustic neuroma?
Answer: Many people attribute the symptoms to normal changes of aging, so it may be a while before the condition is diagnosed. The first symptom is usually a gradual loss of hearing in one ear, often accompanied by ringing in the ear (tinnitus) or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Less commonly, acoustic neuromas may cause sudden hearing loss. There are three main surgical approaches for removing an acoustic neuroma: Translabyrinthine, which involves making an incision behind the ear and removing the bone behind the ear and some of the middle ear.