anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Answer: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A condition causing a persistently low number of platelets in the blood, due to an unknown cause; usually, there are no symptoms, yet abnormal bruising, small red spots on the skin (petechiae), or abnormal bleeding can result.
Question: What is lymphoma?
Answer: Blood disorders that affect white blood cells include: Lymphoma : A form of blood cancer that develops in the lymph system. In lymphoma, a white blood cell becomes malignant, multiplying and spreading abnormally. Hodgkin's lymphoma and non- Hodgkin's lymphoma are the two major groups of lymphoma. Treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation can often extend life with lymphoma, and sometimes cure it.
Question: What is deep venous thrombosis?
Answer: Deep venous thrombosis: A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg; a deep venous thrombosis can dislodge and travel through the heart to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
Question: What is multiple myeloma?
Answer: Multiple myeloma: A blood cancer in which a white blood cell called a plasma cell becomes malignant. The plasma cells multiply and release damaging substances that eventually cause organ damage. Multiple myeloma has no cure, but stem cell transplant and/or chemotherapy can allow many people to live for years with the condition.
Question: What is hemophilia?
Answer: Blood disorders that affect blood plasma include: Hemophilia : A genetic deficiency of certain proteins that help blood to clot; there are multiple forms of hemophilia, ranging in severity from mild to life-threatening.
Question: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Answer: Disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC): A condition that causes tiny blood clots and areas of bleeding throughout the body simultaneously; severe infections, surgery, or complications of pregnancy are conditions that can lead to DIC.
Question: How do you treat a bee sting?
Answer: If you only have a reaction at the sting site, a cold compress or an ice pack should be enough treatment. For pain, take aspirin, an anti-inflammatory like Advil, or acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Don't give aspirin to a child under age 19 because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, which affects the liver and brain. Try diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) or another nonprescription antihistamine to calm the itch. Or you can use an over-the-counter steroid cream.
Question: What are the signs of anaphylactic shock?
Answer: If you have a serious reaction called anaphylactic shock, call 911. The symptoms are: Trouble breathing Hives or swelling Swelling of your lips or tongue Swelling or tightness in your throat Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Dizziness or fainting Fast heartbeat Low blood pressure Stomach pain If you have a severe allergic reaction, or a known bee sting allergy, make sure you have prescribed epinephrine injections handy.
Question: How do you know if your allergic to a bee sting?
Answer: If yours is like this, your doctor can tell if you're allergic to bees or wasps with a simple skin test that uses purified, freeze-dried venom. But if you had a severe or anaphylactic reaction, he may do a blood test called a RAST instead. It's safer for you, though it takes more time and is more expensive.
Question: How can I avoid getting stung by a bee?
Answer: You can also lower your odds of a sting by avoiding brightly colored, white, or pastel clothing. Don't use cosmetics or perfume with floral scents. Food odors attract insects, especially yellow jackets, so be alert when you cook or eat outdoors.
Question: How do you remove a stinger from a bee sting?
Answer: Try to remove the stinger immediately. Scrape a fingernail across the stinger to help remove it from your skin. Clean the area with soap and water. It's safer for you, though it takes more time and is more expensive.
Question: What should you do if you go into anaphylactic shock?
Answer: After you take the shot, call 911 right away for more treatment. If your doctor has prescribed an auto-injector for you, carry two at all times. Don't wait to use the auto-injector if you start to have symptoms of anaphylaxis. Even if what you're feeling turns out to not be allergy related, using it won't harm you. Also ask about a bee-sting kit (be sure you know how to give yourself the shot).
Question: How are night terrors managed?
Answer: No adequate treatment exists for night terrors. Management primarily consists of educating family members about the disorder and reassuring them that the episodes are not harmful. In severe cases in which daily activities (school performance, peer or family relations) are affected, a low-dose benzodiazepine or an antidepressant medication may be used as a temporary treatment.
Question: How is a frozen shoulder treated?
Answer: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like aspirin or ibuprofen can help relieve the pain and inflammation in your shoulder. If they don't help, your doctor might prescribe a stronger medication. Your treatment might also include going to a physical therapist for strengthening and stretching exercises to improve your range of motion.
Question: What are the symptoms of a frozen shoulder?
Answer: With frozen shoulder, the capsule becomes so thick and tight that it's hard to move. If you have frozen shoulder, you'll likely feel a dull or achy pain in one shoulder. You might also feel the pain in the shoulder muscles that wrap around the top of your arm. You might feel the same sensation in your upper arm. Your pain could get worse at night, which can make it hard to sleep. You'll typically go through three phases with a frozen shoulder. Each has its own unique symptoms and timeline.
Question: Can having a sense of humor keep you from getting sick?
Answer: It curbs the levels of stress hormones in your body and boosts a type of white blood cell that fights infection. Just anticipating a funny event can have a positive effect on your immune system. In one study, men were told 3 days in advance that they were going to watch a funny video. Their levels of stress hormones dropped.
Question: How can my diet affect my immune system?
Answer: This effect lasts for at least a few hours after downing a couple of sugary drinks. Eat more fruits and vegetables, which are rich in nutrients like vitamins C and E, plus beta-carotene and zinc. Go for a wide variety of brightly colored fruits and vegetables, including berries, citrus fruits, kiwi, apples, red grapes, kale, onions, spinach, sweet potatoes, and carrots. Other foods particularly good for your immune system include fresh garlic, which may help fight viruses and bacteria, and old-fashioned chicken soup. If you do come down with a cold or the flu, a bowl of chicken soup can help you get well faster, one study shows. Some mushroom varieties -- such as shiitake -- may also help your immune system.
Question: Can stress affect my immune system?
Answer: If stress drags on for a long time, it makes you more vulnerable to illness, from colds to serious diseases. Chronic stress exposes your body to a steady stream of stress hormones that suppress the immune system.
Question: Can loneliness or isolation affect your immune system?
Answer: Connect with other people. People who meditate regularly may have healthier immune system responses, some studies show. In one experiment, people who meditated over an 8-week period made more antibodies to a flu vaccine than people who didn't meditate. Laughing is good for you.
Question: What are ways to manage stress?
Answer: You may have noticed you're more likely to catch a cold or other infection when you're not getting enough sleep. If you do come down with a cold or the flu, a bowl of chicken soup can help you get well faster, one study shows. People who meditate regularly may have healthier immune system responses, some studies show. Although there are many other things that affect your health, making meaningful connections with people is always a good idea.
Question: How can reducing stress keep you healthy?
Answer: Not getting enough sleep can lead to higher levels of a stress hormone. Exercise can also boost your body's feel-good chemicals and help you sleep better. And they still showed an increased immune system response 4 months later. People who feel connected to friends - whether it's a few close friends or a large group - have stronger immunity than those who feel alone, studies show. In one study, lonely freshmen had a weaker immune response to a flu vaccine than those who felt connected to others.
Question: How much exercise do I need for a healthy immune system?
Answer: Your lifestyle can affect how well your immune system can protect you from germs, viruses, and chronic illness. You may have noticed you're more likely to catch a cold or other infection when you're not getting enough sleep. Both of those are good for your immune system. It also helps you sleep better, which improves immune function.
Question: How much sleep do I need for a healthy immune system?
Answer: Not getting enough sleep can lead to higher levels of a stress hormone. It may also lead to more inflammation in your body. Although researchers aren't exactly sure how sleep boosts the immune system, it's clear that getting enough - usually 7 to 9 hours for an adult - is key for good health. In one experiment, people who meditated over an 8-week period made more antibodies to a flu vaccine than people who didn't meditate.
Question: Does walking barefoot lead to athlete's foot?
Answer: Myth 5: You can only get athlete's foot by walking barefoot in areas where the fungus lives Walking barefoot in a locker room or public shower is one way to get athlete's foot, but it's not the only way. You can also become infected if you share a towel, socks, or shoes with someone who has athlete's foot.
Question: Can you prevent athlete's foot by showering?
Answer: Myth 3: Showering regularly can prevent athlete's foot Showering is actually one of the ways you can get athlete's foot. Step into a locker room or pool shower with bare feet and you can pick up the condition. Showering alone won't clear up the fungus that causes athlete's foot -- no matter how carefully you wash between your toes. But keeping your feet clean and dry can help prevent this fungus from returning.
Question: When should you stop using treatments for athlete's foot?
Answer: Myth 10: You can stop using medicine as soon as your symptoms clear up To prevent athlete's foot from returning, keep using the medicine for the length of time your doctor recommended.
Question: How can you tell if you have athlete's foot?
Answer: Myth 6: If you don't have peeling skin between your toes, it's not athlete's foot Athlete's foot can look different in each person. Some people do get peeling or cracking skin between their toes. Others have redness or dryness on the bottom of their feet that looks just like dry skin. If you're not sure what's going on with your feet, see a podiatrist or doctor.
Question: Is athlete's foot the same as jock itch?
Answer: Myth 2: Athlete's foot isn't the same as jock itch Actually, athlete's foot and jock itch are caused by the same fungus (called tinea), which leaves scaly patches on the skin. The conditions are named by the part of the body where they occur. On the feet, tinea infection is called athlete's foot. In the groin area, it's called jock itch.
Question: Does athlete's foot go away on its own?
Answer: Myth 9: Athlete's foot will clear up on its own Without treatment, athlete's foot will make your feet even itchier and more miserable. It can also turn into a more serious infection if you don't take care of it. Antifungal creams and pills are the best treatments for athlete's foot.
Question: How can athlete's foot spread?
Answer: Myth 7: Athlete's foot only affects the feet Athlete's foot can spread if you scratch the itch and then touch other parts of your body, including your groin (jock itch) and the skin under your arms. It can also spread to other parts of your body via contaminated sheets or clothing.
Question: Do cotton socks prevent athlete's foot?
Answer: The conditions are named by the part of the body where they occur. On the feet, tinea infection is called athlete's foot. Myth 8: You can't get athlete's foot if your feet are covered in shoes and socks all day The fungus that causes athlete's foot thrives in dark, damp places. Myth 12: To prevent athlete's foot, wear socks made of natural fibers - like cotton.
Question: How can counseling and support help with treating dementia?
Answer: A dementia diagnosis is stressful. If your loved one needs help coming to terms with it, ask the doctor treating their dementia to refer you to a trained mental health professional. ( You might also want to do this for yourself, if you'd like help adjusting to their condition.) This might include an individual or family therapist, social worker, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Joining a local or online support group for people with dementia can also be comforting.
Question: What does MIND diet include?
Answer: Researchers say the MIND diet includes: Vegetables, especially leafy greens (think of spinach, kale, and other greens) Nuts Berries Beans Whole grains Fish Poultry Olive oil Wine The plan limits red meat, butter and stick margarine, cheese, sweets, and fried foods.
Question: How can memantine (Namenda) help with treating dementia?
Answer: Memantine ( Namenda) helps control a different brain chemical needed for learning and memory. Sometimes doctors prescribe memantine along with donepezil in a combination drug ( Namzaric) for moderate to severe dementia.
Question: How can antipsychotic medicines help with treating dementia?
Answer: Antipsychotic medicines such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), haloperidol ( Haldol), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), and risperidone ( Risperdal) can help control feelings and behaviors such as aggression, agitation, delusions, or hallucinations.
Question: How can antidepressants help with treating dementia?
Answer: Antidepressants , especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), can improve low mood and irritability.
Question: How can reality orientation training help with treating dementia?
Answer: The person leading the session might use music from your loved one's past, or things like photos or treasured items, to help. They might have signs with that information placed around their home. Some people find this to be too much or even patronizing. If it's not working for your loved one, drop it.
Question: Why is good sleep so important for someone with dementia?
Answer: So encourage a calm routine. It helps for your loved one to avoid caffeinated tea and coffee, especially in the evening, and to limit daytime naps. Keep the end of the day quiet, without a blaring TV. Joining a local or online support group for people with dementia can also be comforting.
Question: What can happen if you have pancreatic cancer?
Answer: For this reason, most cases of pancreatic cancer are difficult to treat.
Question: What can affect your risk for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: A few risk factors for pancreatic cancer have been identified, but many people who get pancreatic cancer have no risk factors. Cigarette smoking is one controllable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. People who smoke are about twice as likely to get pancreatic cancer as are nonsmokers. Fortunately, the reverse is also true. After quitting smoking, the risk for pancreatic cancer steadily falls, eventually falling to the same risk as a nonsmoker after 10 to15 years.
Question: Does obesity affect your risk for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: A few risk factors for pancreatic cancer have been identified, but many people who get pancreatic cancer have no risk factors. Cigarette smoking is one controllable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. People who smoke are about twice as likely to get pancreatic cancer as are nonsmokers.
Question: What can reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer?
Answer: However, not smoking, exercising, and eating a proper diet is the best lifestyle choice for overall health.
Question: What factors do and do not have an impact on reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Other factors such as coffee and alcohol consumption and use of aspirin and NSAIDs have not been consistently shown to increase (or decrease) the risk of pancreatic cancer. Exercising, keeping a healthy weight, and not smoking should somewhat reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.
Question: How does cigarette smoking affect the risk for pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Cigarette smoking is one controllable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. People who smoke are about twice as likely to get pancreatic cancer as are nonsmokers. Fortunately, the reverse is also true. After quitting smoking, the risk for pancreatic cancer steadily falls, eventually falling to the same risk as a nonsmoker after 10 to15 years.
Question: Why is pancreatic cancer difficult to treat?
Answer: For this reason, most cases of pancreatic cancer are difficult to treat.
Question: Is there any way to prevent pancreatic cancer?
Answer: Bottom line: There is no definite technique to prevent pancreas cancer. However, not smoking, exercising, and eating a proper diet is the best lifestyle choice for overall health.
Question: How effective is a pancreatic cancer diet?
Answer: Numerous studies have tried to identify which foods, if any, contribute to developing pancreatic cancer. The results don't allow any firm conclusions: A typical American diet, high in fat and smoked or other processed meats, has been associated with pancreatic cancer in some but not all studies. A healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables seemed to protect against pancreatic cancer in some but not all studies. In experiments, lab rats fed a high-protein, high-fat diet were consistently found to develop pancreatic cancer. However, laboratory data doesn't necessarily apply to people. Bottom line: There is no definite technique to prevent pancreas cancer. However, not smoking, exercising, and eating a proper diet is the best lifestyle choice for overall health.
Question: What should you tell your doctor about before starting Savella?
Answer: Also, before starting Savella, tell your doctor if you are nursing or pregnant or plan to become pregnant. And tell your doctor about any medical conditions you have, including: high blood pressure fast heart rate or other cardiac condition liver problems or a history of heavy alcohol use kidney problems history of mania or seizure disorders bleeding disorders Take these precautions while on Savella: Do not drive or use machinery until you are certain Savella is not affecting your mental or physical abilities.
Question: How do you take Savella?
Answer: It is not exactly clear how Savella works. You take Savella in two divided doses each day. You start at 12.5 milligrams on the first day. Then you increase to 100 milligrams/day over a one-week period. Although the recommended dose is 100 milligrams/day, your doctor may increase it to 200 milligrams/day, based on your response to the medication. Your doctor may recommend the following regimen for taking Savella: Day 1: 12.5 milligrams once Days 2-3: 25 milligrams/day (12.5 milligrams twice daily) Days 4-7: 50 milligrams/day (25 milligrams twice daily) After Day 7: 100 milligrams/day (50 milligrams twice daily) Do not suddenly stop taking Savella.
Question: How does Savella work to treat fibromyalgia?
Answer: With fibromyalgia, you may have a lower threshold for pain. Experts believe this may result from changes in your nervous system. This could result from the wrong levels of neurotransmitters. Savella allows more of these neurotransmitters to travel from neuron to neuron. It is not exactly clear how Savella works. But increasing levels of neurotransmitters may ease pain and reduce fatigue or help with memory. However, not all these benefits have been tested in humans.
Question: When should you see your health care provider for symptoms of prostate cancer?
Answer: That discussion, which allows men to make an informed decision, should take place based on the following schedule: Age 50 for men who have an average risk for prostate cancer and an expectation of living at least 10 years or more Age 45 for men in the high-risk group, such as African Americans and those with a father, brother, or son that was diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65 Age 40 for men who have more than one close relative (father, brother, or son) who had proatate cancer at an early age See your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating or stopping a urine stream Frequent urination Pain on urination Pain on ejaculation Blood in your semen Go to the nearest hospital emergency department right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Urinary tract infection - Burning pain on urination, urgency, frequent urination, especially with fever Bladder obstruction - Not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluid; producing little urine despite straining; pain due to a full bladder Acute kidney failure - Not urinating or urinating little, with little discomfort, despite drinking enough fluid Deep bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or thighs, or bone fracture; this is a possible sign of advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the bones.
Question: Who should undergo regular screening for prostate cancer?
Answer: The American Cancer Society recommends that men should not be screened before they have received information from their health care provider during a discussion regarding the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits of prostate cancer screening. That discussion, which allows men to make an informed decision, should take place based on the following schedule: Age 50 for men who have an average risk for prostate cancer and an expectation of living at least 10 years or more Age 45 for men in the high-risk group, such as African Americans and those with a father, brother, or son that was diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65 Age 40 for men who have more than one close relative (father, brother, or son) who had proatate cancer at an early age See your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating or stopping a urine stream Frequent urination Pain on urination Pain on ejaculation Blood in your semen Go to the nearest hospital emergency department right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Urinary tract infection - Burning pain on urination, urgency, frequent urination, especially with fever Bladder obstruction - Not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluid; producing little urine despite straining; pain due to a full bladder Acute kidney failure - Not urinating or urinating little, with little discomfort, despite drinking enough fluid Deep bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or thighs, or bone fracture; this is a possible sign of advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the bones.