anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do doctors decide which medication to prescribe for epilepsy?
Answer: Even the best doctors don't know which drug will work best for any given person. As part of managing the condition, your doctors will try to get a sense of the full picture: your type of seizures, your age and gender, other medical conditions, medicines you're on or may be on later, and epilepsy drugs you've tried in the past. Based on that information, she may narrow down the field to a few drugs to try. But after that, it's an educated leap of faith.
Question: Can you switch your epilepsy medication to generic drugs?
Answer: Switching to a generic can lower the price tag of living with epilepsy. Other people don't choose to switch; their insurance company substitutes generic drugs for them. Though generics save money, there is concern. One generic drug is often switched for another, on as frequently as a monthly basis. Although generic drugs are tightly regulated by the FDA, small differences are allowed. Most epilepsy experts believe frequent switches among generic drugs can increase chances for seizures. Until scientific studies settle the issue, they generally advise sticking with brand-name drugs if you can afford them.
Question: How effective are epilepsy medications?
Answer: Or you might get your seizures under control but find you can't handle the drug's side effects. Over time, most people become seizure-free with minimal side effects while taking epilepsy drugs. Your doctor will work closely with you to decide on the next drug to try.
Question: Why is it important to make sure that a donor and recipient are a good match before doing an organ transplant?
Answer: The transplant team will put you through a series of tests to determine whether your blood and tissue types are compatible with the recipient's. Some medical centers can transplant an organ even if the donor's and recipient's blood and tissue types don't match. In that case, the recipient will receive special treatments to prevent his or her body from rejecting the donor organ.
Question: How can you become an organ donor?
Answer: To donate your organs after death, you can either register with your state's donor registry (visit Organ Donor.gov), or fill out an organ donor card when you get or renew your driver's license. To become a living donor, you can either work directly with your family member or friend's transplant team, or contact a transplant center in your area to find out who's in need of an organ.
Question: How is alcohol withdrawal diagnosed?
Answer: Those that do may also have: Confusion Racing heart High blood pressure Fever Heavy sweating If the doctor thinks you might have it, he'll ask you questions about your drinking history and how recently you stopped. He'll want to know if you've ever gone through withdrawal before. He'll also discuss your symptoms. During an exam, he'll look for other medical conditions to see if they could be to blame.
Question: What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
Answer: They can range from mild to serious. What yours are depends on how much you drank and for how long. Mild symptoms usually show up as early as 6 hours after you put down your glass. They can include: Anxiety Shaky hands Headache Nausea Vomiting Insomnia Sweating More serious problems range from hallucinations about 12 to 24 hours after that last drink to seizures within the first 2 days after you stop.
Question: What causes alcohol withdrawal?
Answer: It slows down brain function and changes the way your nerves send messages back and forth. Over time, your central nervous system adjusts to having alcohol around all the time. Your body works hard to keep your brain in a more awake state and to keep your nerves talking to one another. When the alcohol level suddenly drops, your brain stays in this keyed up state. That's what causes withdrawal.
Question: What is alcohol withdrawal?
Answer: This is called alcohol withdrawal. Symptoms can range from mild to serious. What yours are depends on how much you drank and for how long.
Question: What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal?
Answer: But if you've gone through alcohol withdrawal once, you're more likely to go through it again the next time you call it quits. That includes: A quiet place Soft lighting Limited contact with people A positive, supportive atmosphere Healthy food and lots of fluids If your blood pressure, pulse, or body temperature rises, or if you have more serious symptoms like seizures and hallucinations, your doctor could suggest inpatient care and drug treatment. Common medications include benzodiazepines to help treat symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. You might also take anti-seizure meds and antipsychotics, along with other drugs.
Question: Can you prevent alcohol withdrawal?
Answer: This is called alcohol withdrawal. When you talk to your doctor about symptom relief, it's a good idea to discuss treatment for alcohol abuse or dependence. The doctor can give you advice to help you stop drinking.
Question: How can I get pelvic pain?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Although pelvic pain often refers to pain in the region of women's internal reproductive organs, pelvic pain can be present in men, too, and can stem from multiple causes. Pelvic pain may be a symptom of infection or may arise from pain in the pelvic bone or in non-reproductive internal organs, such as the bladder or colon. In women, however, pelvic pain can very well be an indication that there may be a problem with one of the reproductive organs in the pelvic area (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina).
Question: How is pelvic pain treated?
Answer: Other tests that may be given include: Blood and urine tests Pregnancy tests in females of reproductive age Vaginal or penile cultures to check for sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and/or chlamydia Abdominal and pelvic X-rays Bone density screening (special type of X-ray to determine the strength of bone) Diagnostic laparoscopy (procedure allowing a direct look at the structures in the pelvis and abdomen) Hysteroscopy (procedure to examine the uterus) Stool test (checking a stool sample for microscopic blood) Lower endoscopy (insertion of a lighted tube to examine the inside of the rectum and part or all of the colon) Ultrasound (test that uses sound waves to provide images of internal organs) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (scan that uses X-rays and computers to produce an image of a cross-section of the body) The treatment of pelvic pain varies depending on the cause, how intense the pain is, and how often the pain occurs. Sometimes, pelvic pain is treated with medications, including antibiotics if necessary. If the pain results from a problem with one of the pelvic organs, the treatment may involve surgery or other procedures. A doctor can provide more information about various treatments for pelvic pain.
Question: How is the cause of pelvic pain determined?
Answer: Possible causes of pelvic pain in both men and women may include: Appendicitis Bladder disorders Sexually transmitted diseases Kidney infection or kidney stones Intestinal disorders Nerve conditions Hernia Pelvis disorder Broken pelvis Psychogenic pain Possible causes of pelvic pain in women only may include: Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Pelvic inflammatory disease Ovulation Menstrual cramps Ovarian cysts or other ovarian disorders Fibroids Endometriosis Uterine cancer Cervical cancer Worsening of menstrual cramps Menstrual pain Vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge Painful or difficult urination Constipation or diarrhea Bloating or gas Blood seen with a bowel movement Pain during intercourse Fever or chills Pain in the hip area Pain in the groin area To determine what is causing pelvic pain, your doctor will first ask you several questions about your symptoms and past medical problems. He or she will also perform a physical exam and may offer you tests to determine what is causing your pain. Other tests that may be given include: Blood and urine tests Pregnancy tests in females of reproductive age Vaginal or penile cultures to check for sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and/or chlamydia Abdominal and pelvic X-rays Bone density screening (special type of X-ray to determine the strength of bone) Diagnostic laparoscopy (procedure allowing a direct look at the structures in the pelvis and abdomen) Hysteroscopy (procedure to examine the uterus) Stool test (checking a stool sample for microscopic blood) Lower endoscopy (insertion of a lighted tube to examine the inside of the rectum and part or all of the colon) Ultrasound (test that uses sound waves to provide images of internal organs) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (scan that uses X-rays and computers to produce an image of a cross-section of the body) The treatment of pelvic pain varies depending on the cause, how intense the pain is, and how often the pain occurs.
Question: What symptoms suggest problematic pelvic pain?
Answer: Possible causes of pelvic pain in both men and women may include: Appendicitis Bladder disorders Sexually transmitted diseases Kidney infection or kidney stones Intestinal disorders Nerve conditions Hernia Pelvis disorder Broken pelvis Psychogenic pain Possible causes of pelvic pain in women only may include: Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Pelvic inflammatory disease Ovulation Menstrual cramps Ovarian cysts or other ovarian disorders Fibroids Endometriosis Uterine cancer Cervical cancer Worsening of menstrual cramps Menstrual pain Vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge Painful or difficult urination Constipation or diarrhea Bloating or gas Blood seen with a bowel movement Pain during intercourse Fever or chills Pain in the hip area Pain in the groin area To determine what is causing pelvic pain, your doctor will first ask you several questions about your symptoms and past medical problems.
Question: What should I ask my doctor if I have chronic constipation?
Answer: Since you were recently diagnosed with chronic constipation, ask your doctor these questions at your next visit. What is chronic constipation? Can the medications I take be the cause of chronic constipation? Are psyllium powder mixes or other over-the-counter ( OTC) remedies effective for ending constipation? How can exercise help me avoid chronic constipation?
Question: When is radiation therapy used to treat a prolactinoma?
Answer: In rare cases, radiation therapy is used if medicine and surgery don't bring down prolactin levels. This works for about 1 in 3 people.
Question: When is surgery needed to treat a prolactinoma?
Answer: If medication doesn't shrink the tumor, or you can't take it because of side effects (like nausea or dizziness), your doctor may recommend surgery to take the tumor out through your nasal cavity. This returns prolactin levels to normal for about 80% of people with small tumors. But it's successful for only 30% to 40% of people with larger tumors.
Question: Which women are more likely to get a prolactinoma?
Answer: For women, typical symptoms of a small tumor include: Irregular menstrual periods Lack of menstrual periods Low sex drive Painful intercourse (caused by vaginal dryness) Problems with fertility Unusual production of breast milk Because changes in a woman's period are obvious, prolactinomas are more likely to be found early in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women, who no longer get their periods, may not notice symptoms when the tumor is small. When a prolactinoma becomes large, it may press up against other nearby tissues. Symptoms then can include vision loss, vision changes, and headaches.
Question: What are the signs of a prolactinoma in women?
Answer: The signs of a prolactinoma are different in men and women. For women, typical symptoms of a small tumor include: Irregular menstrual periods Lack of menstrual periods Low sex drive Painful intercourse (caused by vaginal dryness) Problems with fertility Unusual production of breast milk Because changes in a woman's period are obvious, prolactinomas are more likely to be found early in premenopausal women.
Question: What causes prolactinoma?
Answer: Doctors don't know what causes it, but it's fairly common. It happens more often in women than men, and it's rare in kids.
Question: How is prolactinoma found in postmenopausal women?
Answer: Postmenopausal women, who no longer get their periods, may not notice symptoms when the tumor is small. When a prolactinoma becomes large, it may press up against other nearby tissues. Symptoms then can include vision loss, vision changes, and headaches.
Question: What can I expect if prolactinoma is found in initial testing?
Answer: If a prolactinoma is found, you may need more blood tests to see if your pituitary gland is making other hormones like it should. You may also need more MRIs to see if the tumor grows and if it responds to treatment.
Question: How can I be tested for prolactinoma?
Answer: You can expect a physical exam, a medical history questionnaire, and a blood test. If the test shows a high prolactin level, your blood also may be tested to find out how well your thyroid is working. If your doctor thinks you might have a pituitary tumor, he may order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to get a clear picture of your pituitary gland.
Question: What is prolactinoma?
Answer: Sometimes, a tumor grows on the pituitary gland and makes too much prolactin. This kind of tumor is called a prolactinoma. It's the most common type of pituitary tumor and is most often benign, which means it's not cancer.
Question: What are the signs of a prolactinoma?
Answer: A new mom's prolactin levels go up every time her baby nurses. But for men or women who aren't nursing, high prolactin in the blood can be a sign of a prolactinoma.
Question: What is prolactin?
Answer: The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain.
Question: Can premenopausal women regain fertility after being treated for prolactinoma?
Answer: When medical treatment works, most premenopausal women get their periods again and regain their fertility.
Question: How is prolactinoma treated if medication doesn't work or can't be taken?
Answer: If medication doesn't shrink the tumor, or you can't take it because of side effects (like nausea or dizziness), your doctor may recommend surgery to take the tumor out through your nasal cavity. This returns prolactin levels to normal for about 80% of people with small tumors. But it's successful for only 30% to 40% of people with larger tumors. In rare cases, radiation therapy is used if medicine and surgery don't bring down prolactin levels. This works for about 1 in 3 people.
Question: What causes a prolactinoma?
Answer: It's the most common type of pituitary tumor and is most often benign, which means it's not cancer. The signs of a prolactinoma are different in men and women.
Question: What is high blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pumping through the circulatory system is under pressure, much like the water in the pipes of a house. And just as too much water pressure can damage pipes and faucets, high blood pressure can spell trouble. Hypertension occurs when the force exerted against artery walls is abnormally high. Over time, the increased pressure can cause a wide range of problems. Small bulges, called aneurysms, may form in blood vessels. The heart can become enlarged, increasing the danger of heart failure. Damage to blood vessels in the kidneys can cause them to fail. Because tiny blood vessels in the eyes are especially vulnerable to damage, hypertension can lead to vision problems and even blindness.
Question: What are other things you can do to prevent high blood pressure?
Answer: Along with a healthier diet, it is smart to be as active as possible to prevent high blood pressure. Researchers at the University of Minnesota published results from a study of almost 4,000 people between the ages of 15 and 30 who were followed over time. The more active they were, the lower their risk of developing hypertension. A few other changes can also keep your blood pressure in check. Both excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can raise blood pressure.
Question: How can I prevent high blood pressure?
Answer: How can I prevent high blood pressure? And the results show up fast -- often within two weeks. At the same time, cut down on salt (sodium chloride), which can raise blood pressure. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program recommends no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day. The ideal is even lower -- only 1,500. For the average person, who consumes about 4,200 milligrams a day, that requires a big change. But studies show that the lower your salt intake, the lower your blood pressure.
Question: What are symptoms of too high or low blood sugar levels?
Answer: When your blood sugar is high, you can get symptoms like a foggy-headed feeling that makes it hard to focus or think clearly. Your energy may also take a dive, and you may feel nervous or moody. If your levels go too low, you could even pass out. In the long run, if your blood sugar stays up, you could be at risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, or other problems.
Question: How much is normal for my blood sugar to spike after eating?
Answer: What levels are too high after a meal? Experts vary on what the number should be, but the ADA says a general goal is a blood sugar level under 180 mg/d L, 1 to 2 hours after a meal. Talk to your doctor about what you should aim for, and don't adjust your medicine without speaking to him first.
Question: Is it normal for my blood sugar to spike after eating if I have diabetes?
Answer: If you're trying to manage diabetes, you already know it's important to keep track of your blood sugar levels. But how do you handle a spike that comes after you eat? It's called "postprandial" blood glucose, and if you take some simple steps, you can get it under control and help avoid health problems.
Question: Does managing blood sugar before meals help spikes after meals?
Answer: Keep blood sugar in check before meals. That way, even if it goes up after you eat, it won't be so dramatic.
Question: Will walking after dinner help with post-meal blood sugar spikes?
Answer: Go for an after-dinner walk. It's a healthy habit for everyone, but if you have diabetes, it's also a good way to burn extra glucose from a meal.
Question: Can medicine help manage my after-meal spikes?
Answer: Get medicine that works for you. The right insulin or medication program can make a big difference. In general, to cover after-meal spikes, those that kick in quickly and for a short time are a better choice than ones that work slowly over a long period. Your doctor can explain your options.
Question: How does medicine manage blood sugar spikes?
Answer: Get medicine that works for you. The right insulin or medication program can make a big difference. In general, to cover after-meal spikes, those that kick in quickly and for a short time are a better choice than ones that work slowly over a long period. Your doctor can explain your options.
Question: How does watching what you eat manage blood sugar spikes?
Answer: They tend to trigger post-meal spikes. The type of fat you eat may play a role, as well. One study shows you may be able to curb blood sugar spikes after you eat if you skip foods with lots of butter and choose a meal made with a little olive oil instead.
Question: What blood sugar levels are too high after a meal?
Answer: Experts vary on what the number should be, but the ADA says a general goal is a blood sugar level under 180 mg/d L, 1 to 2 hours after a meal. Talk to your doctor about what you should aim for, and don't adjust your medicine without speaking to him first.
Question: What is postprandial blood glucose?
Answer: But how do you handle a spike that comes after you eat? It's called "postprandial" blood glucose, and if you take some simple steps, you can get it under control and help avoid health problems. Even when you're in a hurry to get out the door, don't be tempted to skip it.
Question: How should I measure spikes in my blood sugar level while eating?
Answer: Then do it again 1 to 2 hours after that first bite of food. Keep this up for a week or so. Write down the time and the blood sugar number. Make a note about anything you think might affect your levels, like medicine or exercise. Keep blood sugar in check before meals.
Question: Why is eating breakfast every morning important for people with diabetes?
Answer: Eat breakfast every morning. Even when you're in a hurry to get out the door, don't be tempted to skip it. A small study shows that when people ate a 500-calorie breakfast that was 35% protein, their post-meal blood sugar levels were lower than those who started their day with high-carb food. But check with your doctor to see what's right for you.
Question: Does the type of food I eat affect my blood sugar spikes after meals?
Answer: But how do you handle a spike that comes after you eat? They tend to trigger post-meal spikes. The type of fat you eat may play a role, as well.
Question: How does keeping blood sugar in check before meals manage blood sugar spikes?
Answer: The American Diabetes Association ( ADA) recommends you check your blood sugar levels right before mealtime with a blood sample from a finger stick. That way, even if it goes up after you eat, it won't be so dramatic.
Question: How often does autism happen to children in the United States?
Answer: Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of diagnosed cases of autism in the U. S. and around the world. Experts do not know if this is because the disorder is actually on the rise, or if doctors are simply diagnosing it more effectively. We should learn more answers to questions like these over the next few years. That's because many researchers are currently looking into autism's origins, prevalence, and treatment.
Question: What are signs and symptoms in children with autism?
Answer: Varying widely, signs and symptoms in children with autism typically include: Impaired communication skills Difficulty making eye contact Repetitive behaviors and activities such as arm flapping, head banging, or twirling an object over and over Rigid behavior and difficulty with change and transitions Narrow range of interests and activities Experts do not know exactly what causes autism.
Question: What is the treatment for children with autism?
Answer: There is no cure for autism, but early intervention using skills-training and behavior modification can yield excellent results. This type of educational and behavioral treatment tackles autism symptoms -- impaired social interaction, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors. It can also boost the chances of a child with child autism being able to go to school and participate in typical activities. Other treatment options for children with autism include: Medication .
Question: What are some features of autism?
Answer: Some features of autism include: Social withdrawal Verbal or nonverbal communication problems Rigid and repetitive behavior In severe cases, an autistic child may never learn to speak or make eye contact. But many children with autism and other autism spectrum disorders are able to live relatively normal lives.
Question: What does molluscum contagiosum look like?
Answer: The condition usually results in papules that: Are generally painless, but can itch Are small (2 to 5 millimeter diameter) Have a dimple in the center Are initially firm, dome-shaped, and flesh-colored Become softer with time May turn red and drain over time Have a central core of white, waxy material Molluscum contagiosum usually disappears spontaneously over a period of months to years in people who have normal immune systems.
Question: How is molluscum contagiosum diagnosed?
Answer: If the diagnosis is in question, a doctor can confirm the diagnosis with a skin biopsy -- the removal of a portion of skin for closer examination.