anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What causes yeast infections in men?
Answer: Candida albicans is a common fungus. You've probably got a small amount living in your mouth, digestive tract, or on moist parts of your skin. Women often have some in their vagina. Most of the time, Candida doesn't cause any problems. But if too much of it grows in one place, you get a yeast infection. You could get this inside your mouth (doctors call this oral thrush) or as a skin infection. Men can also get a yeast infection on the tip of their penis. This leads to an inflammation called balanitis. It's more common in men who aren't circumcised and have a foreskin that's still intact.
Question: How are yeast infections in men diagnosed?
Answer: Since many sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) share some of the symptoms of a yeast infection, you shouldn't try to diagnose yourself. See your doctor. He'll ask about your symptoms and examine your penis.
Question: Can yeast infections in men cause complications?
Answer: If your immune system is weak, there's a chance that the fungus can spread into your bloodstream. This is a serious condition called invasive candidiasis. The odds are higher when you: Have HIV Have diabetes Are having chemotherapy or radiation Need dialysis Are taking immunosuppressants (drugs that quiet your immune system) Have a central venous catheter (a tube in your chest that's used to give you medicine) A high fever, chills, upset stomach, and headache are all signs that your yeast infection may have spread. If you notice these symptoms, call your doctor right away.
Question: What's the treatment for yeast infections in men?
Answer: You're more likely to get a yeast infection when you: Have been taking antibiotics for a long time Have diabetes Are overweight Have a weak immune system (like people who have HIV) Have trouble cleaning yourself You can also get a yeast infection on your penis through sex. This goes on the head of your penis and under your foreskin until your symptoms go away, which could take 7 to 10 days. You'll also need to avoid sex until you're better. If itching is a problem, your doctor can also give you a corticosteroid (steroid) cream to offer some relief. If an antifungal or corticosteroid cream doesn't clear up your infection, let your doctor know. He may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor).
Question: What are synthetic oxygen carriers in blood doping?
Answer: These are chemicals that have the ability to carry oxygen. Two examples are: HBOCs (hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers) PFCs (perfluorocarbons) Synthetic oxygen carriers have a legitimate medical use as emergency therapy. It is used when a patient needs a blood transfusion but: human blood is not available there is a high risk of blood infection there isn't enough time to find the proper match of blood type Athletes use synthetic oxygen carriers to achieve the same performance-enhancing effects of other types of blood doping: increased oxygen in the blood that helps fuel muscles.
Question: What are injections of erythropoietin in blood doping?
Answer: EPO is a hormone produced by the kidney. It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. In medical practice, EPO injections are given to stimulate the production of red blood cells. For example, a synthetic EPO can be used to treat patients with anemia related to chronic or end-stage kidney disease. Athletes using EPO do so to encourage their bodies to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood cells to enhance performance.
Question: What are the risks of synthetic oxygen carriers for blood doping?
Answer: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot
Question: What are the three widely used types of blood doping?
Answer: The three widely used types of blood doping are: blood transfusions injections of erythropoietin ( EPO) injections of synthetic oxygen carriers Here are some more details about each of these types of blood doping: Blood transfusions.
Question: What are the risks of erythropoietin injections for blood doping?
Answer: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot
Question: What are the risks of blood transfusions for blood doping?
Answer: Blood doping via transfusion carries additional risks. Tainted blood can spread infectious diseases such as: HIV hepatitis B hepatitis C Over time, repeated blood transfusions can cause a dangerous buildup of iron in the body.
Question: What are the types of blood transfusions used for blood doping?
Answer: Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance. There are two types. Autologous transfusion. This involves a transfusion of the athlete's own blood, which is drawn and then stored for future use. Homologous transfusion. In this type of transfusion, athletes use the blood of someone else with the same blood type.
Question: What are the risks of blood doping?
Answer: It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. This thickening forces the heart to work harder than normal to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, blood doping raises the risk of: blood clot heart attack stroke An estimated 20 European cyclists are believed to have died as a result of blood doping over the past 25 years.
Question: What is blood doping?
Answer: In many cases, blood doping increases the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance.
Question: Where can I get my fiber if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You don't have to get all that fiber at once. A few pieces of fruit, such as a banana together with an apple in its skin, provide 7 grams of fiber. One ounce of almonds gets you halfway there. Try whole grains instead of refined ones to add a few grams of fiber to your morning cereal or lunchtime sandwich.
Question: How much fiber should I get if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Fiber can help you feel full and control your blood sugar. But most people don't get enough. On average, Americans get about 16 grams of fiber per day, less than half the recommendation for men (30-36 grams) and about two-thirds of what women should get (25 grams). A recent study found that people who ate an extra 7 grams of fiber a day lowered their risk for heart disease. That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely.
Question: How much should I exercise if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You know how important exercise is for weight loss and overall health, but sometimes getting to the gym for even a half-hour just isn't in the cards. The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals.
Question: How much should I exercise in a week if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Aim to add 10 minutes of moderate exercise to your daily routine, and then continue tacking it on until you hit at least 150 minutes per week.
Question: How can I burn more calories if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: To burn more calories, take a brisk walk, or do strength training moves while you watch TV. Start slow and aim for regular sessions of at least three times a week. Over time, gradually make your workouts longer and more challenging. Find an activity you enjoy.
Question: What should I do if I have already lost weight if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: After you've lost that first 5% of your weight, press on. One study found that people with type 2 diabetes improved their blood sugar control when they lost as little as 2% of their body weight. But to see even more improvements, like a lower risk of heart disease and improved blood sugar over the long term, aim to drop 10 to 15% of your body weight.
Question: What is the most effective way to manage type 2 diabetes?
Answer: So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off. Later, you can build from that success. Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes.
Question: What can losing weight do for my type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Research shows that losing 5% of your extra weight will make you less likely to get heart disease by improving blood pressure, blood sugar, and HDL cholesterol (the good kind).
Question: How much vegetables should I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: And yet, most adults don't get the recommended three to five servings a day. You can start small. Just add one vegetable in place of another food once a day.
Question: How can I eat healthier if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Skip the bag of potato chips, and try fresh celery sticks. Cook a little less pasta, and bulk up the dish with vegetables such as artichoke hearts, zucchini, or mushrooms. Use lettuce as sandwich wraps for lunch, or toss leftover veggies in with eggs for a quick breakfast. Changes like these can shave off calories, give you more fiber, and help you feel full. That can mean weight loss and better blood sugar control.
Question: What are the benefits to losing more weight if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals. These changes can motivate you to continue shedding pounds if you need to. Keep adding more minutes of exercise, and more vegetables, too. It's all part of putting yourself in charge of your diabetes.
Question: How can I manage my type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes. You can start small.
Question: What activities can I do if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely. But everything counts, even fidgeting. Just standing or pacing while talking on the phone can help lower blood pressure and total cholesterol.
Question: How much weight should I lose if I have type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Here are five manageable goals to shoot for: You might see your ideal weight as 30, 40, or more pounds lighter than you are right now. So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off.
Question: How can you get help for gout?
Answer: The pain from a gout attack usually gets better in 3 to 10 days. But you'll feel better faster if the gout is treated. If you think you might have it, contact your doctor. An exam and tests will show if it's gout or something else, like an infection. Talk with your doctor about the best medicines for you. The type will depend on how well your kidneys work, the possible side effects, and other health issues.
Question: How is gout treated?
Answer: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack.
Question: How can prescription medicines help with gout?
Answer: Your doctor may recommend one of these medicines that you can't get over the counter: Allopurinol ( Aloprim, Zyloprim)reduces uric acid production. Colchicine ( Colcrys) reduces inflammation. Febuxostat ( Uloric) reduces uric acid production. Indomethacin ( Indocin) is a stronger NSAID pain reliever. Lesinurad helps your body get rid of uric acid when you pee. Pegloticase ( Krystexxa) breaks down uric acid. Probenecid ( Benemid) helps the kidneys excrete uric acid from your body. Steroids (also called corticosteroids) fight inflammation.
Question: What are other ways to prevent a gout attack?
Answer: Along with medicine, your doctor may suggest other ways to prevent another attack: Exercise and eat a balanced diet to control your weight. Drink lots of water. Stay away from sugary drinks. Avoid excessive alcohol use, especially beer. Eat less meat, especially liver and sweetbreads, and seafood. Get your protein from foods like low-fat dairy. products like yogurt, cheese and milk. These medicine and lifestyle change can help you get through an attack and prevent other attacks.
Question: What nonprescription medicines are used to treat gout?
Answer: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack. Popular types are ibuprofen and naproxen. If you take NSAIDs in the first 24 hours, it can help shorten the attack. Other ways to reduce the pain are to ice, rest, and raise the joint.
Question: Does a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score mean I have prostate cancer?
Answer: If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. Fact: Not necessarily. An inflamed prostate can drive up your numbers. The score helps your doctor decide if you need more tests to check for prostate cancer. Also, he'll watch your PSA score over time.
Question: If I get prostate cancer, will I die of the disease?
Answer: Fact: Many men with prostate cancer are likely to live to an old age or die of some other cause.
Question: Does prostate cancer surgery end your sex life and cause urine leakage?
Answer: Fact: Your surgeon may be able to spare the nerves that help trigger erections. That means you should be able to have an erection strong enough for sex again. But it may be a while. Recovery can take from 4 to 24 months, maybe longer. Younger men usually heal sooner. If you still have trouble, ask your doctor about treatments for erectile dysfunction. There are medications and devices that can help. He'll tell you if they're right for you. Other prostate cancer treatments, like radiation and hormone therapy, also can affect your sex life. Talk to your doctor about your choices. You might leak urine after surgery, but it's usually short-term. Within a year, about 95% of men have as much bladder control as they did before the operation.
Question: Do I have to start treatment right away for prostate cancer?
Answer: Fact: You and your doctor may decide not to treat your prostate cancer. Reasons include: It's in an early stage and is growing very slowly. You're elderly or have other illnesses. Prostate cancer treatment may not prolong your life and may make it harder to care for your other health problems. In such cases, your doctor will likely suggest âactive surveillance.â This means that he'll check you often and order tests to see if your cancer is getting worse. If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment.
Question: Do glucagon and insulin work similarly?
Answer: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel.
Question: How can you treat low blood sugar?
Answer: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.
Question: What does glucagon do?
Answer: To help you keep the level steady and healthy, your body makes a hormone called glucagon while you sleep and after you eat. It's made in your pancreas, a small organ above your liver, and it can raise levels of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. That's the fuel your muscles and organs use to work and stay healthy. Glucagon helps your liver break down the food you eat to make glucose.
Question: How does glucagon and insulin affect your blood sugar levels?
Answer: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make insulin or doesn't make enough. This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.
Question: How can you inform others about how to manage low blood sugar?
Answer: If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit.
Question: Can you have hypoglycemia in your sleep?
Answer: You might have it if you feel you are: Confused Dizzy Having difficulty with speech Headachy Hungry Lightheaded Nauseous Nervous Shaky or unsteady Sweaty You can have hypoglycemia in your sleep, too. That can cause nightmares or night sweats. You may cry out in your sleep or wake up feeling tired or confused.
Question: Can you make too much glucagon?
Answer: You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.
Question: What happens if your blood sugar gets too low?
Answer: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.
Question: How do you know if you have low blood sugar?
Answer: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.
Question: What can happen if you have low blood sugar?
Answer: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.
Question: What does hypoglycemia mean and what are its symptoms?
Answer: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.
Question: How can you treat hypoglycemia?
Answer: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.
Question: How does glucagon work?
Answer: Glucose goes from your liver into your blood to give you energy. Glucagon can tell your liver not to take in too much glucose from the food you eat and to release stored sugar into your blood instead. If your blood sugar dips too low, your pancreas releases glucagon to tell your liver to make more glucose. Glucagon can also play a role in how amino acids (compounds that help make up muscles and tissue in your body) make glucose. And it can break down triglycerides, or fat your body stores, into fuel. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals.
Question: How do you treat severe hypoglycemia?
Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels.
Question: What helps hypoglycemia?
Answer: This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. Glucagon can help with hypoglycemia so you feel right again. Hypoglycemia refers to a blood sugar level that's gotten too low.
Question: How does having diabetes affect glucagon?
Answer: This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin.
Question: How can you treat severe low blood sugar?
Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit. This contains the hormone in a powder and a syringe filled with fluid. It will have clear instructions on how to quickly mix and inject the glucagon shot.
Question: What are the warning signs of a stroke?
Answer: These are called transient ischemic attacks (also called TIA or "mini-stroke"), brief episodes of the stroke symptoms listed above. A TIA is when a blockage, caused by a clot, is temporary. These leave no permanent brain damage but do put you at higher risk for a subsequent stroke. Some people have no warning signs before a stroke, or symptoms are so mild that they are not noticeable. Regular check-ups are important in catching problems before they become serious. Report any symptoms or risk factors to your doctor.
Question: What are the types of strokes?
Answer: There are two types of stroke: Ischemic strokeis similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.
Question: What is a stroke?
Answer: These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.
Question: What growth problems can children with Williams syndrome have?
Answer: Babies born with Williams syndrome can be very small. They may have trouble eating, and might not gain weight or grow as quickly as other children. As adults, they are often shorter than most people.
Question: Which specialist can be involved in taking care of a child with Williams syndrome?
Answer: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too.
Question: What facial features do children with Williams syndrome have?
Answer: Children with Williams syndrome have unique facial features that may include: Wide forehead Bridge of the nose is flattened Short nose with a large tip Wide mouth with full lips Small chin Small, widely spaced teeth Missing or crooked teeth Uneven eyes Folds over the corners of the eyes White starburst pattern around the iris, or colored part of the eye Long face and neck (in adulthood) Many with Williams syndrome have problems with their heart and blood vessels.
Question: What learning problems can children with Williams syndrome have?
Answer: Learning problems are common in children with Williams syndrome. They range from mild to severe. Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. They may have a learning disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). On the other hand, lots of children with Williams syndrome have very good memories and learn new things quickly. They tend to speak and read well, and often have musical talent.