anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the definition of ophthalmology?
Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.
Question: What are endorphins?
Answer: Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches.
Question: What is ataxia?
Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.
Question: What is a headache?
Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.
Question: What is a headache history?
Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.
Question: What are food additives?
Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. MSG, nitrates, or phenylethalamine are examples of food additives.
Question: What is an anticonvulsant?
Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.
Question: What is an ophthalmologic migraine?
Answer: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: Pain around the eye, including paralysis in the muscles surrounding the eye; this is an emergency medical condition, as the symptoms can be caused by pressure on the nerves behind the eye. Other symptoms of recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy include a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, or other vision changes.
Question: What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. People taking MAO inhibitors must be careful not to eat foods containing tyramine, as this can cause increased blood pressure.
Question: What is a transformed migraine?
Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.
Question: What is biofeedback?
Answer: Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.
Question: What is an antihistamine?
Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.
Question: What does episodic mean?
Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.
Question: What is an electromyograph test?
Answer: Electromyograph ( EMG): a test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles to determine the amount of muscle tension; small, flat metal sensors, called electrodes, are attached to the skin (usually on the forehead). The electrodes measure the electrical activity in the muscles directly underneath the electrodes and adjoining muscles. The electrical activity of the muscles will be measured and displayed as numbers or electrical waves on a screen that the person can view.
Question: What is a hemorrhage?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.
Question: What is aspartame?
Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.
Question: What does anti-inflammatory mean?
Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.
Question: What is encephalitis?
Answer: Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection; encephalitis is a serious cause of headache.
Question: What does chronic mean?
Answer: CAT scan: see computed axial tomography Chronic: ongoing or occurring over an extended period of time; a chronic headache occurs at least every other day or 15 days per month for at least six months.
Question: What is cyclic vomiting?
Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.
Question: What is a confusional migraine?
Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.
Question: What is an aneurysm?
Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.
Question: What is head trauma?
Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.
Question: What is a hormone headache?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.
Question: What does idiopathic mean?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.
Question: What is epilepsy?
Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.
Question: What is adrenaline?
Answer: Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain.
Question: What is a computed axial tomography (CAT) scan?
Answer: Common migraine: another term for migraine without aura Computed axial tomography ( CAT) scan: a diagnostic test in which X-rays and computers are used to produce an image of a cross-section of the body; a CT scan of the head may be recommended if you are getting daily or almost daily headaches. It can also be used to rule out other conditions that may contribute to headaches.
Question: What are secondary headaches?
Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.
Question: What is a migraineur?
Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches.
Question: What is a neurologist?
Answer: Neurologist: a medical specialist with advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles Neurology: the study of the nervous system Neuron: a nerve cell Neurotransmitter: a specialized chemical, produced in nerve cells, that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells Nitrite: a food additive that may trigger headaches in some people; nitrites are commonly found in processed meats, such as bacon, pepperoni, hot dogs, ham, sausage, luncheon meats, and deli-style meats and other cured or processed meats.
Question: What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Answer: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): a test in which the electrical signals of the brain are recorded; electrical activity detected by electrodes, or sensors, placed on a person's scalp are transmitted to a machine that records the activity.
Question: What is a lumbar puncture?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. This diagnostic procedure is only done to rule out conditions that may be affecting the brain and spinal cord. This test is used only if the symptoms warrant it. It can cause a headache for a few hours afterward.
Question: What is the definition of antidepressant?
Answer: Antidepressant: a type of medication used primarily to treat depression; some of these medications have been useful in treating headaches, even when headaches aren't associated with depression.
Question: What is the definition of anti-inflammatory?
Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.
Question: What is the definition of paroxysmal torticollis?
Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.
Question: What is the definition of status migrainosus?
Answer: Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities on the face Spinal tap: see Lumbar puncture Status migrainosus: a rare and severe type of migraine that can last 72 hours or longer; the pain and nausea are so intense that people who have this type of headache must be hospitalized. Certain medications can cause this type migraine syndrome.
Question: What is the definition of sinuses?
Answer: Sinuses: air-filled cavities (spaces) located in your forehead, cheekbones, and behind the bridge of your nose; the sinuses produce a thin mucus that drains out of the channels of the nose.
Question: What is paroxysmal torticollis?
Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.
Question: What is mental imagery relaxation?
Answer: Meningitis: an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord Menstrual migraine: see Hormone headache Mental imagery relaxation: also called guided imagery, it is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body; guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape."
Question: What is a retinal migraine?
Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.
Question: What is the definition of hormone headache?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.
Question: What is the definition of endorphins?
Answer: Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches.
Question: What is the definition of abdominal migraine?
Answer: Abdominal migraine: a migraine, more common in children and adolescents, that is associated with cyclic vomiting (symptoms occur about once a month).
Question: What is paroxysmal vertigo?
Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.
Question: What are seizures?
Answer: Sedative: medication that helps a person rest Seizures: an abnormal movement or behavior caused by unusual electrical activity in the brain Serotonin: a chemical messenger, called a neurotransmitter, which acts on blood vessels and pain control pathways in the brain; some medications which affect serotonin levels are used to prevent headaches.
Question: What is meningitis?
Answer: Meningitis: an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord Menstrual migraine: see Hormone headache Mental imagery relaxation: also called guided imagery, it is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body; guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape."