anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of skin cancer?
Answer: Skin cancer symptoms depend on the type of skin cancer that has developed.
Question: How can you prevent skin cancer?
Answer: You can reduce your risk of getting skin cancer by following these guidelines: Limit sun exposure. Attempt to avoid the sun's intense rays between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Apply sunscreen every day. Use a sunscreen with sun protection factor ( SPF) of at least 30 both before and every 60 to 80 minutes during outdoor exposure. Select products that filter both UVA and UVB light. The label will tell you. If you are likely to sunburn, wear a long-sleeved shirt, pants and a wide-brimmed hat. Avoid artificial tanning booths. Conduct monthly self-exams.
Question: How do you know if you have a cancerous melanoma related to skin cancer?
Answer: The majority of malignant or cancerous melanomas are brown-to-black pigmented lesions. Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other.
Question: How can you tell if you have skin cancer?
Answer: Skin Self- Exams Monthly skin self-exams improve your chances of finding a skin cancer early, when it has done a minimum of damage to your skin and can be treated easily. Regular self-exams help you recognize any new or changing features. The best time to do a self-exam is right after a shower or bath. Do the self-exam in a bright room; use a full-length mirror and a hand-held mirror. Learn where your moles, birthmarks, and blemishes are, and what they look like. Each time you do a self-exam, check these areas for changes in size, texture, and color, and for ulceration. If you notice any changes, call your primary care provider or dermatologist.
Question: How do you know if you have a malignant melanoma related to skin cancer?
Answer: Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other. Border irregularity -- Margins may be notched or irregular. Color -- Melanomas are often a mixture of black, tan, brown, blue, red, or white. Diameter -- Cancerous lesions can be larger than 6 mm across (about the size of a pencil eraser), although with early detection they will not reach this size. Evolution -- has a mole changed over time?
Question: Where can you get more information on skin cancer?
Answer: The American Cancer Society also has information about support groups throughout the U. S. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Information Service ( CIS) Toll-free: (800) 4- CANCER (800) 422-6237 TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): (800) 332-8615 Skin Cancer Foundation 255 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10016 (212)754-5176 www.skincancer.org For information about clinical trials in skin cancer treatment, visit the National Institute of Health's Clinical Trials database.
Question: What should doctors check for when looking for skin cancer?
Answer: Have your primary health care provider or a dermatologist check any moles or spots that concern you. See your health care provider to check your skin if you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of pigmented areas (such as darker or a change in areas of skin or moles).
Question: What tests do you need if you have malignant melanoma?
Answer: If a biopsy shows that you have malignant melanoma, you may undergo further testing to determine the extent of spread of the disease, if any. This may involve blood tests, a chest X-ray, and other tests as needed.
Question: What do you need to know about skin cancers?
Answer: Here are the basics on skin cancers: The vast majority of skin cancers are basal cell carcinomas and squamous cells carcinomas. While malignant, these are unlikely to spread to other parts of the body. They may be locally disfiguring if not treated early. A small but significant number of skin cancers are malignant melanomas. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that tends to spread to other parts of the body. These cancers may be fatal if not treated early.
Question: How common is skin cancer?
Answer: Almost 91,300 people are expected to be diagnosed with melanoma in the U. S. in 2018, and an estimated 12,000 people will die from some form of skin cancer the same year.
Question: What does a squamous cell carcinoma look like?
Answer: A squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is commonly a well-defined, red, scaling, thickened bump on sun-exposed skin. It may ulcerate and bleed, and left untreated, may develop into a large mass.
Question: What happens after a biopsy shows you have a malignant melanoma?
Answer: If a biopsy shows that you have malignant melanoma, you may undergo further testing to determine the extent of spread of the disease, if any. This may involve blood tests, a chest X-ray, and other tests as needed. This is only needed if the melanoma is of a certain size.
Question: How can you identify a cancerous melanoma?
Answer: Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other. Border irregularity -- Margins may be notched or irregular. Color -- Melanomas are often a mixture of black, tan, brown, blue, red, or white. Diameter -- Cancerous lesions can be larger than 6 mm across (about the size of a pencil eraser), although with early detection they will not reach this size. Evolution -- has a mole changed over time?
Question: What is the outcome of malignant melanoma related to skin cancer?
Answer: In most cases, the outcome of malignant melanoma depends on the thickness of the tumor at the time of treatment. Thin lesions are almost always cured by simple surgery alone. Thicker tumors, which usually have been present for some time but have gone undetected, may spread to other organs. Surgery removes the tumor and any local spread, but it cannot remove distant metastasis. Other therapies, such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy, are used to treat the metastatic tumors.
Question: What are skin cancer web links?
Answer: The American Cancer Society also has information about support groups throughout the U. S. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Information Service ( CIS) Toll-free: (800) 4- CANCER (800) 422-6237 TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): (800) 332-8615 Skin Cancer Foundation 255 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10016 (212)754-5176 www.skincancer.org For information about clinical trials in skin cancer treatment, visit the National Institute of Health's Clinical Trials database. For other valuable information, visit the following Web sites: American Academy of Dermatology American Cancer Society National Cancer Institute Media file 1: Skin cancer.
Question: What do you need to know about cancer?
Answer: Here are the cancer basics: As the cells multiply, they form a mass called a tumor. Tumors are cancerous only if they are malignant. This means that they encroach on and invade neighboring tissues (especially lymph nodes) because of their uncontrolled growth. Tumors may also travel to remote organs via the bloodstream. This process of invading and spreading to other organs is called metastasis. Tumors overwhelm surrounding tissues by invading their space and taking the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive and function.
Question: What does medical treatment for skin cancer entail?
Answer: Surgical removal is the mainstay of skin cancer treatment for both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
Question: What follow-up treatment do you need if you have advanced malignant melanoma?
Answer: If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. These visits may include total body skin exams, regional lymph node checks, and periodic chest X-rays and body scans. Over time, the intervals between follow-up appointments will increase. Eventually these checks may be done only once a year.
Question: How can you treat advanced cases of melanoma?
Answer: In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies.
Question: How common is skin cancer in the United States?
Answer: Although the number of skin cancers in the U. S. continues to rise, more skin cancers are being caught earlier, when they are easier to treat. Thus, illness and death rates have decreased.
Question: What does a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) look like?
Answer: A basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) usually looks like a raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin of the head, neck, or shoulders. Others signs include: Small blood vessels may be visible within the tumor. A central depression with crusting and bleeding (ulceration) frequently develops. A BCC often appears as a sore that does not heal.
Question: How can I tell if I have the early stages of skin cancer?
Answer: Many people, especially those who have fair coloring or have had extensive sun exposure, periodically check their entire body for suspicious moles and lesions. Have your primary health care provider or a dermatologist check any moles or spots that concern you. See your health care provider to check your skin if you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of pigmented areas (such as darker or a change in areas of skin or moles).
Question: Can skin cancer be cured?
Answer: Most skin cancer is cured surgically in the dermatologist's office.
Question: What are examinations like for skin cancer?
Answer: If you think a mole or other skin lesion has turned into skin cancer, your primary care provider will probably refer you to a dermatologist. The dermatologist will examine any moles in question and, in many cases, the entire skin surface. Any lesions that are difficult to identify, or are thought to be skin cancer, may then be checked.
Question: What does a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) look like?
Answer: A squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is commonly a well-defined, red, scaling, thickened bump on sun-exposed skin. It may ulcerate and bleed, and left untreated, may develop into a large mass.
Question: What are other important causes of skin cancer?
Answer: Other important causes of skin cancer include the following: Use of tanning booths Immunosuppression, or impairment of the immune system, which protects the body from germs or substances that cause an allergic reaction Exposure to unusually high levels of radiation, such as from X-rays Contact with certain chemicals, such as arsenic (miners, sheep shearers, and farmers) and hydrocarbons in tar, oils, and soot (which may cause squamous cell carcinoma) The following people are at the greatest risk of skin cancer: People with fair skin, especially types that freckle, sunburn easily, or become painful in the sun People with light (blond or red) hair and blue or green eyes Those with certain genetic disorders that deplete skin pigment , such as albinism and xeroderma pigmentosum (a disease in which DNA repair mechanisms, especially in response to ultraviolet light, is impaired) People who have already been treated for skin cancer People with numerous moles, unusual moles, or large moles that were present at birth People with close family members who have developed skin cancer People who had at least one severe sunburn early in life People with burns unrelated to sunburn People with indoor occupations and outdoor recreational habits Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in older people.
Question: What does advanced skin cancer treatment entail?
Answer: In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies.
Question: Do a lot of people die from skin cancer?
Answer: A small but significant number of skin cancers are malignant melanomas. When treated properly, the cure rate for both basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) approaches 95%. The remaining cancers recur at some point after treatment.
Question: How can you prevent getting skin cancer?
Answer: Many people, especially those who have fair coloring or have had extensive sun exposure, periodically check their entire body for suspicious moles and lesions. If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. Attempt to avoid the sun's intense rays between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Select products that filter both UVA and UVB light. If you are likely to sunburn, wear a long-sleeved shirt, pants and a wide-brimmed hat. Avoid artificial tanning booths.
Question: How do doctors treat skin cancer?
Answer: A sample of skin (biopsy) will be taken so that the suspicious area of skin can be examined under a microscope. Malignant melanoma, however, may require several treatment methods -- depending on the size of the tumor -- including surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Question: How do doctors remove malignant melanomas related to skin cancer?
Answer: Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers, with 1 million people in the U. S. diagnosed each year with some type of the disease. Depending on the thickness of the melanoma, neighboring lymph nodes may also be removed and tested for cancer.
Question: What is the outcome of cancerous melanoma?
Answer: Thin lesions are almost always cured by simple surgery alone. Thicker tumors, which usually have been present for some time but have gone undetected, may spread to other organs. Surgery removes the tumor and any local spread, but it cannot remove distant metastasis. Other therapies, such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy, are used to treat the metastatic tumors. Malignant melanoma causes more than 75% of deaths from skin cancer. Melanoma on the sole of the foot.
Question: How is surgery done for cancerous melanoma?
Answer: Usually, surgical removal of the lesion is adequate. To ensure the complete removal of this dangerous malignancy, 1-2 cm of normal-appearing skin surrounding the tumor is also removed. Depending on the thickness of the melanoma, neighboring lymph nodes may also be removed and tested for cancer. The sentinel lymph node biopsy method uses a mildly radioactive substance to identify which lymph nodes are most likely to be affected.
Question: What kinds of changes can lead to skin cancer?
Answer: Some specific dysplastic changes that occur in skin are as follows: Actinic keratosis is an area of red or brown, scaly, rough skin, which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. A nevus is a mole, and abnormal moles are called dysplastic nevi. These can potentially develop into melanoma over time. If a mole on your body looks different from the others, ask your health care provider to take a look at it. People sometimes have as many as 100 or more dysplastic nevi, which are usually irregular in shape, with notched or fading borders. Some may be flat or raised, and the surface may be smooth or rough ("pebbly"). They are often large, at a quarter-inch across or larger, and are typically of mixed color, including pink, red, tan, and brown.
Question: How common are skin cancers by age?
Answer: Melanomas are one of the most common cancers in younger people, especially in people ages 25 to 29. Surgical removal is the mainstay of skin cancer treatment for both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
Question: What are the different types of skin cancers?
Answer: Other unusual types of skin cancer include Merkel cell tumors and dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans. Like many cancers, skin cancers start as precancerous lesions. Basal cell carcinoma.
Question: How do you treat obstructive lung disease with medicines?
Answer: Airways may be narrowed by spasms in the smooth muscles that are in the wall of the airways (bronchospasm). Medicines that relax these smooth muscles and improve airflow are called bronchodilators, and are inhaled. These include: Albuterol ( Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, Accu Neb, Pro Air HFA) Ipratropium ( Atrovent) Formoterol ( Foradil) Salmeterol ( Serevent) Tiotropium ( Spiriva) Combined medications like Combivent Respimat, Duo Neb, Anoro Ellipta, and Advair, which include a bronchodilator Theophylline ( Theo- Dur and other brand names) is a rarely used bronchodilator taken as an oral tablet.
Question: What are symptoms of obstructive and restrictive lung disease?
Answer: In early stages of obstructive or restrictive lung disease, shortness of breath occurs only with exertion. If the underlying lung condition progresses, breathlessness may occur with minimal activity, or even at rest. Cough is a common symptom in restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Usually, the cough is dry or productive of white sputum.
Question: What medicines help reduce inflammation in obstructive lung disease?
Answer: Inflamed airway walls may be swollen and filled with mucus, obstructing airflow. Various medicines help reduce inflammation in obstructive lung disease, including: inhaled corticosteroids ( Flovent, Pulmicort, Advair, QVAR, Alvesco, and others) oral corticosteroids (prednisone and others) montelukast ( Singulair) A program of regular exercise will improve symptoms of breathlessness in virtually all people with obstructive lung disease.
Question: What are obstructive versus restrictive lung disease?
Answer: Obstructive lung diseases include conditions that make it hard to exhale all the air in the lungs. People with restrictive lung disease have difficulty fully expanding their lungs with air. Obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung disease cause shortness of breath.
Question: How do doctors diagnose obstructive or restrictive lung disease?
Answer: In pulmonary function testing, a person blows air forcefully through a mouthpiece. As the person performs various breathing maneuvers, a machine records the volume and flow of air through the lungs. These may include: Chest X-ray film Computed tomography ( CT scan) of the chest In some people, a bronchoscopy may be recommended to diagnose the lung condition causing obstructive or restrictive lung disease. In a bronchoscopy, a doctor uses an endoscope (a flexible tube with a camera and tools on its tip) to look inside the airways and take samples of lung tissue (biopsies).
Question: How is osteoarthritis of the hip treated?
Answer: The main goal of treating osteoarthritis of the hip is to improve the person's mobility (ability to get around) and lifestyle. Part of this goal involves improving the function of the hip and controlling pain. Treatment plans can involve: Rest and joint care Use of a cane to take weight off the affected hip Nondrug pain relief techniques to control pain Losing excess weight Exercise Medications, including acetaminophen ( Tylenol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen ( Advil), or a prescription pain medication Surgery Complementary and alternative therapies The hip joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism.
Question: What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hips?
Answer: If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins.
Question: What is the meaning of arthritis?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Arthritis means "joint inflammation." It causes pain and swelling in the body's joints, such as the knees or hips. There are many types of arthritis, but osteoarthritis is the most common. Also known as degenerative joint disease or age-related arthritis, osteoarthritis is more likely to develop as people get older.
Question: What are the two main types of osteoarthritis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. The two main types of osteoarthritis are: Primary: More generalized osteoarthritis that affects the fingers, thumbs, spine, hips, and knees Secondary: Osteoarthritis that occurs after injury or inflammation in a joint, or as a result of another condition that may affect the composition of the cartilage, such as hemochromatosis Patients who have osteoarthritis of the hip sometimes have problems walking.
Question: What is the use of hip resurfacing for osteoarthritis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins. Hip resurfacing is a surgical option that can provide relief while delaying hip replacement surgery. In hip resurfacing, the diseased hip joint surfaces are removed surgically and substituted with metal. Rather than removing the ball of the hip socket, the surgeon covers it with a metal cap.
Question: How does osteoarthritis affect the hip joint?
Answer: Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. That's because pain can appear in different locations, including the groin, thigh, buttocks, or knee. The pain can be stabbing and sharp or it can be a dull ache, and the hip is often stiff. If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins.