anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and how can it help ibipolar disorder mania?
Answer: What It Is: Doctors use electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT), also known as electroshock therapy, to treat hospitalized people who are severely depressed or manic, suicidal, psychotic, or persistently agitated and unable to take basic care of themselves. It works for nearly 75% of people. ECT is one of the fastest ways to relieve symptoms in people who have mania or severe depression. It's not a "last resort" only when the illness does not respond to medicine or psychotherapy. Instead, doctors should consider it sooner rather than later when medicines aren't effective or when there it's urgent to ease severe symptoms, such as when depression causes severe suicidal thoughts or psychosis that needs care very quickly.
Question: What does lithium do to help treat bipolar disorder mania?
Answer: And it may also help relieve or prevent bipolar depression in some people. Studies show that lithium can lower the risk of suicide among people with bipolar disorder. It also helps prevent future manic episodes. Doctors may prescribe it for long periods of time as maintenance therapy. What It Is: Lithium is a drug that acts on the brain and spinal cord. It helps people with bipolar disorder have more control over their emotions, sleep, energy, and extremes in behavior.
Question: What can I expect if I take benzodiazepines for bipolar disorder mania?
Answer: Benzodiazepines prescribed for bipolar disorder include (among others): Alprazolam ( Xanax) Clonazepam ( Klonopin) Diazepam ( Valium) Lorazepam ( Ativan) What to Expect: You'll probably take these for a brief time, up to 2 weeks or so, with other mood-stabilizing drugs. These medicines act quickly and bring on a sense of calmness. They can sometimes cause lightheadedness, slurred speech, or unsteadiness.
Question: Which medicines treat the mania associated with bipolar disorder?
Answer: Your doctor will also likely prescribe a mood stabilizer, also called an âantimanicâ medication. These help control mood swings and prevent them, and may help to make someone less likely to attempt suicide. You may need to take medicine for a long time, sometimes indefinitely. Your doctor may prescribe lithium and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), or valproate ( Depakote). You may need very close medical supervision and blood tests while you take these.
Question: What side effects are there from using antipsychotic drugs for bipolar disorder mania?
Answer: Antipsychotics used to treat bipolar disorder include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Lurasidone ( Latuda) (for bipolar depression) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) (for mania or bipolar depression) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Risks and Side Effects: Certain antipsychotics cause rapid weight gain and high cholesterol levels. They may also raise the chance of high blood sugar levels or eventual diabetes. Your doctor should first check on your risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Common side effects of antipsychotic drugs include: Blurry vision Dry mouth Drowsiness Muscle spasms or tremor Involuntary facial tics Weight gain Also, ziprasidone ( Geodon) has been linked to a rare but potentially fatal skin reaction called "drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms" ( DRESS syndrome).
Question: What treatments will I get if I'm hospitalized for bipolar disorder?
Answer: If you have mania, you'll probably need to take medicine to bring it quickly under control. Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may also be something your doctor considers. Your doctor may change your medicine dose, or add or subtract medicine. For instance, she may stop antidepressants, or add an antipsychotic or another drug to lessen your symptoms. You may also find that psychological therapy and a well-ordered daily routine help, along with your medicine.
Question: Are antiseizure drugs usedto treat bipolar disorder mania?
Answer: Your doctor may prescribe lithium and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), or valproate ( Depakote). But sometimes, lithium alone is enough. Some other anticonvulsant drugs -- such as gapabentin ( Neurontin), oxcarbazenpine ( Trileptal), and topiramate ( Topamax) -- aren't proven treatments for mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. But doctors sometimes prescribe them either experimentally or for symptoms other than mood (such as anxiety or pain).
Question: What are the side effects of lithium for bipolar disorder mania?
Answer: Risks and Side Effects: Most people who take lithium -- about 75% -- have some side effects, although they may be minor. They may become less troublesome after a few weeks as your body adjusts to the drug. Common side effects include: Weight gain Trouble remembering Poor concentration Mental slowness Hand tremor Drowsiness or tiredness Hair loss Acne Being very thirsty Peeing more than usual Your thyroid doesn't work as well Problems with how your kidney s work Tell your doctor if you have lasting symptoms from lithium or if you have diarrhea, vomiting, a fever, unsteady walking, tremors, fainting, confusion, slurred speech, or a rapid heart rate.
Question: What is applied behavior analysis (ABA), and how can it help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: This is one of the most widely accepted therapies for children with autism spectrum disorder. ABA training is most effective if therapy begins when children are younger than age 5, although older children with ASD can also benefit. ABA helps teach social, motor, and verbal behaviors, as well as reasoning skills, and works to manage challenging behavior. It’s based on teaching these skills through observation and positive reinforcement.
Question: How does sensory therapy work for children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: Therapists skilled in conducting sensory therapy for ASD work one-on-one with a child. The goal is to help regulate the child’s reaction to external stimuli. For example, if the child is hypersensitive to being touched, the therapist will work to desensitize the child over time.
Question: How should parents contribute in Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) to help their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: Parents’ involvement is key to its success. Parents are taught how to use all opportunities as “teachable moments.” These moments are chances to engage your child and build more appropriate social skills. Since RDI training is relatively new, there isn’t much clinical evidence to show its effectiveness. However, studies conducted by its developers have shown significant improvement in children treated with RDI. To provide your child with RDI training, you’ll need to devote time to workshops or watching videos to learn how to give your child an effective intervention program. This instruction for you can be both time-consuming and expensive. You’ll also have to commit to regular communication with a certified RDI program consultant, which includes regularly videotaping interactions with your child.
Question: What can therapies do for children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: Because every child with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) has unique symptoms, each child should receive treatment that meets their specific needs. There are a variety of therapy options that have been shown to be successful for improving learning, communication, and social skills of children with ASD.
Question: What is Relationship Development Intervention (RDI), and how can it help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: RDI training is a relatively new, trademarked therapy for autism spectrum disorder. The developers of the treatment think RDI training is most effective when children start getting therapy at a young age, but it can be beneficial for people of all ages. RDI training aims to teach children how to think flexibly and engage in social relationships with other people. Typically, RDI training begins by helping children develop relationships with their parents and other family members. It is very similar to other therapies for ASD in that it focuses on the disorder’s core deficit -- social skills and interaction.
Question: What are some sensory therapies used for children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Answer: Various sensory therapies can be used to address a variety of problems that affect children with ASD. For example, spinning in a chair can reduce hyperactivity in some children. Other sensory therapies may include swinging, vibration therapy, and aerobic exercise. You and your child's therapist may need to experiment with a variety of therapeutic options to determine which ones help your child improve. Your developmental pediatrician or neurologist also can provide guidance.
Question: What are the health effects of nightmares in adults?
Answer: Nightmares become much more than bad dreams when they have a significant effect on your health and well-being. Among people who experience nightmares, those who are anxious or depressed are more likely to be distressed about the experience and suffer even more psychological ill effects. Although the relationship is not understood, nightmares have been associated with suicide. Because nightmares may have a significant impact on your quality of life, it's important to consult a medical professional if you experience them regularly. Sleep deprivation, which can be caused by nightmares, can cause a host of medical conditions, including heart disease, depression, and obesity. If nightmares in adults are a symptom of untreated sleep apnea or post-traumatic stress disorder, the underlying disorders can also have significant negative effects on physical and mental health.
Question: What are some signs someone needs reading glasses?
Answer: Here are a few signs that you do: When you hold books and other reading materials up close, they look blurry. You have to hold them farther away to read them. You have trouble seeing smaller print in dim light. Your eyes hurt when you try to read, sew, or do other close work. You get a headache when you try to read.
Question: How do reading glasses treat astigmatism?
Answer: Keep in mind that these glasses might not fit you as well as prescription glasses. They also don't correct astigmatism (a common condition that causes blurred vision), and they can't be adjusted if you need a different strength in each eye. Also, your vision can change as you get older. You might need to buy a stronger pair of reading glasses in a year or two.
Question: When should I make a doctor's appointment for reading glasses?
Answer: If your close vision is blurry, make an appointment with your eye doctor for an exam. He can recommend a reading glass strength or write a prescription based on your exam. And it's always a good idea to get checked for other eye issues.
Question: How do I pick out reading glasses?
Answer: Test out a few to see which one works best. Hold a book or magazine 14 to 16 inches away from your face, and see if the glasses make the print easier to read. You might need two different strengths -- one pair for very close reading and one for middle distances like your computer screen. Choose the weakest (lowest number) glasses that will work for you.
Question: What happens to your eyes in your 40s?
Answer: When you reach your 40s, the natural internal lenses in your eyes become less flexible. They can't focus as easily from near to far vision like they could when you were younger. If your close vision is blurry, make an appointment with your eye doctor for an exam.
Question: Why does Koebner phenomenon happen?
Answer: Doctors aren't sure what makes your skin respond to an injury with plaques. You can have a Koebner response from anything that changes your skin on the outside or the inside, including: Injuries such as animal bites, stings, burns, cuts, bumps, or rubbed skin Conditions like diaper rash, eczema, infection, scabies, warts, or dermatitis Allergic reactions or skin irritations Sunburn or radiation You can also trigger the condition when you get a tattoo, vaccinations, or acupuncture.
Question: What is the Koebner phenomenon and who gets it?
Answer: Doctors sometimes call it âisomorphic responseâ or â Koebnerization." It happens most often in people with psoriasis, but it happens in other skin conditions, too, including warts and vitiligo. If you have active flares, you are more likely to have a Koebner response. But it can still happen even if you have never had plaques on your skin. Each reaction has its own pace. It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. Sometimes it can take as long as 2 years. Doctors aren't sure what makes your skin respond to an injury with plaques.
Question: What is the Koebner phenomenon?
Answer: For some people with psoriasis, even the tiniest pinprick or a bite from a mosquito can trigger plaques to appear in new places. Anytime your skin is hurt or irritated, you can get a new patch of psoriasis. Doctors call this reaction the Koebner phenomenon, and it happens to 1 out of 4 people who have psoriasis.
Question: What kind of reaction will someone have with the Koebner phenomenon?
Answer: Koebner phenomenon plaques are just like regular psoriasis flare-ups. They can be: Raised Red Scaly Itchy or painful They can also crack and bleed. In most cases, worse injuries mean more plaques. Unlike regular psoriasis flares that show up on knees, elbows, the scalp, and the lower back, Koebner phenomenon plaques can happen anywhere your skin has been hurt.
Question: How is the Koebner phenomenon treated?
Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future. Koebner phenomenon plaques get the same treatment as your regular psoriasis plaques. There are many options, including: An ointment, lotion, or cream. You can get them over the counter and by prescription. Some have steroids and some don't. Prescription medicines come as a pill, liquid, or shot. Some tamp down inflammation. Others work on your immune system. Your doctor may recommend a device that gives you exposure to UV light on a regular basis to slow down the growth of your psoriasis. Psoriasis treatments work differently for different people. Your doctor can help you find the one that works best for you.
Question: When should you call your doctor about the Koebner phenomenon?
Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future.
Question: What foods can affect your lower esophageal sphincter (LES) leading to heartburn?
Answer: Certain foods can relax your LES or increase stomach acid, including: Tomatoes Citrus fruits Garlic and onions Chocolate Coffee or caffeinated products Alcohol Peppermint Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) often lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can raise how much acid your stomach makes and can cause heartburn.
Question: What are two main thyroid disorders?
Answer: One is Graves' disease, where your thyroid makes too many hormones (hyperthyroidism). The other is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes low levels of hormones (hypothyroidism). Both happen when your immune system makes a mistake and attacks your thyroid gland instead of fighting infections. Because certain proteins in your eyes are similar to thyroid tissue, your immune system may attack them, too.
Question: What do I need to know about dry eyes and thyroid disorders?
Answer: Sometimes they may be the first sign of a thyroid disease. If you have dry eyes and a family member with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease, you may want to get checked, too.
Question: When should I see a diabetes educator?
Answer: The American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics created a guide to help doctors make referrals to certified diabetes educators. It recommends seeing someone once a year as well as when: You're first diagnosed New problems come up that might affect how you manage your diabetes Your treatment or care changes
Question: Will insurance cover diabetes education?
Answer: Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do. But to be covered, an education program has to meet standards set by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.
Question: What does a diabetes educator do?
Answer: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you.
Question: How effective is diabetes education?
Answer: After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.
Question: Why would I need a diabetes educator?
Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. There's research to suggest that diabetes education can lower your risk of complications like nerve and kidney damage, which helps you avoid dialysis and gives you a better quality of life. Knowing what's going on with your body also helps you feel more in control of your health.
Question: What studies have been done on the effectiveness of diabetes educators?
Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.
Question: What if the albumin test results are higher than normal?
Answer: They can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.
Question: Does diabetes education really work?
Answer: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do.
Question: What can diabetics learn from diabetes education?
Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions.
Question: How soon can you go home after a laminectomy?
Answer: Here's what will happen in the hospital or surgical center after the laminectomy: You'll be transported to a "post-op" area for observation and continued monitoring of your vital signs. Most people are awake but groggy for several hours after a laminectomy. Although some people go home the same day, most are admitted to the hospital for at least one day.
Question: What is recovery from a laminectomy like?
Answer: Depending on the extent of your surgery, you may need help getting out of bed and walking for up to a few days after the laminectomy. Most people can return to driving in one to two weeks; your surgeon will let you know when it is safe to get back on the road. You'll need to limit your activities that include bending, stooping, or lifting for several weeks after your laminectomy. Your doctor will remove your stitches or staples after about two weeks. You may not know if the surgery reduced your back pain until about six weeks or more after the laminectomy.
Question: How should you treat symptoms for a black widow spider bite?
Answer: Apply ice on the way to the health care provider's office or emergency room to relieve pain and swelling.
Question: How should you follow up regarding a black widow spider bite?
Answer: The health care provider will examine and clean the wound. The person may require a tetanus shot or booster, depending on the date of the last injection. A person with severe symptoms -- such as intense pain and cramping or high blood pressure -- may be admitted to the hospital. Antivenin may be needed.
Question: When should you call 911 about a black widow spider bite?
Answer: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room.
Question: When should you get help for a black widow spider bite?
Answer: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room. If possible, kill the spider and take it to the doctor with you. Symptoms include target-like marking and slight swelling at wound site, muscle pains and cramps within 2 hours of the bite, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, itching, anxiety, and increased blood pressure.
Question: How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor will order different types tests, including lung tests, to check for a PE.
Question: What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: PE won't always cause symptoms. You might have: Chest pain, which may get worse with a deep breath Sudden shortness of breath or rapid breathing Fast heartbeat Sudden cough Coughing up blood Lightheadedness or fainting Anxiety Call 911 if you notice these symptoms. They could also be symptoms of a heart attack, pneumonia, or other serious problems.
Question: How can you avoid a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: You and your doctor should figure out what may have caused your DVT, so you can take steps to avoid getting more clots.
Question: What is the treatment for a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may give you a drug called a thrombolytic to dissolve the clot. These medicines can save your life, but they can also cause bleeding that's hard to stop. You'll have to be in the hospital, and the staff will watch you carefully. For some very serious cases, a specialist may need to do surgery to break up and remove the clot. If your symptoms aren't life-threatening, or if using a thrombolytic would be too dangerous, your doctor will give you medication that interrupts the clotting process or stops platelets in your blood from sticking together. They don't break down the clot, but they'll keep it from getting bigger while your body works on dissolving it. Afterward, you'll probably take a blood thinner pill for at least 3 months.
Question: What is a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: A pulmonary embolism ( PE) usually happens when a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis ( DVT), often in your leg, travels to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel. That leads to low oxygen levels in your blood. It can damage the lung and other organs and cause heart failure, too.