anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do doctors treat skin cysts?
Answer: Your doctor can easily treat them. Options include: Draining the cyst. The doctor cuts the cyst and pushes out the gunk inside. Cysts can still return after this. Injecting medicine into the cyst to reduce swelling if it's tender, swollen or growing, Removing it by minor surgery to take out the entire cyst wall. This usually keeps them from coming back. Laser removal.
Question: What should you know about skin cysts?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } People often get painless little bumps under their skin, called cysts. Cysts can develop on most parts of the body. Some are found in hair follicles. They can develop for many reasons -- and sometimes for no obvious reason. They are more common in men than in women. Skin cysts don't need treatment most of the time. They're usually painless and nothing to worry about, unless they get sore or infected. But if you have a cyst that bothers you or is embarrassing, you should discuss it with your doctor. Also, let your doctor know about any skin conditions you have so he can check them for signs of a serious problem.
Question: What should you avoid doing if you have skin cysts?
Answer: It might be tempting, but don't try to pop or drain the cyst yourself. That can cause infection, and the cyst will probably come back.
Question: How can shingles cause chest pain?
Answer: Caused by the varicella zoster virus, shingles may prompt a sharp, band-like pain before a telltale rash appears several days later.
Question: How can pneumonia or lung abscess cause chest pain?
Answer: These lung infections can cause pleuritic and other types of chest pain, such as a deep chest ache. Pneumonia often comes on suddenly, causing fever, chills, cough, and pus coughed up from the respiratory tract.
Question: How do anxiety and panic attacks cause chest pain?
Answer: Another potential cause of chest pain is anxiety and panic attacks. Some associated symptoms can include dizziness, sensation of shortness of breath, palpitations, tingling sensations, and trembling.
Question: How can pancreatitis cause chest pain?
Answer: You may have pancreatitis if you have pain in the lower chest that is often worse when you lie flat and better when you lean forward.
Question: How can gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) cause chest pain?
Answer: Also known as acid reflux, GERD occurs when stomach contents move back into the throat. This may cause a sour taste in the mouth and a burning sensation in the chest or throat, known as heartburn. Factors that may trigger acid reflux include obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and spicy or fatty foods. Heart pain and heartburn from acid reflux feel similar partly because the heart and esophagus are located close to each other and share a nerve network.
Question: How can esophageal rupture or perforation cause chest pain?
Answer: A sudden, severe chest pain following vomiting or a procedure involving the esophagus may be the sign of a rupture in the esophagus.
Question: How can pulmonary hypertension cause chest pain?
Answer: With chest pain resembling that of angina, this abnormally high blood pressure in the lung arteries makes the right side of the heart work too hard.
Question: When should you see the doctor for chest pain?
Answer: When in doubt, call your doctor about any chest pain you have, especially if it comes on suddenly or is not relieved by anti-inflammatory medications or other self-care steps, such as changing your diet. Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms along with chest pain: A sudden feeling of pressure, squeezing, tightness, or crushing under your breastbone Chest pain that spreads to your jaw, left arm, or back Sudden sharp chest pain with shortness of breath, especially after a long period of inactivity Nausea, dizziness, rapid heart rate or rapid breathing, confusion, ashen color, or excessive sweating Very low blood pressure or very low heart rate Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: Fever, chills, or coughing up yellow-green mucus Problems swallowing Severe chest pain that does not go away
Question: How can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause chest pain?
Answer: This genetic disease causes the heart muscle to grow abnormally thick. Sometimes this leads to problems with blood flow out of the heart. Chest pain and shortness of breath often occur with exercise. Over time, heart failure may occur when the heart muscle becomes very thickened. This makes the heart work harder to pump blood. Along with chest pain, this type of cardiomyopathy may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, and other symptoms.
Question: How can esophageal contraction disorders cause chest pain?
Answer: Uncoordinated muscle contractions (spasms) and high-pressure contractions (nutcracker esophagus) are problems in the esophagus that can cause chest pain.
Question: How can hiatal hernia cause chest pain?
Answer: This common problem occurs when the top of the stomach pushes into the lower chest after eating. This often causes reflux symptoms, including heartburn or chest pain. The pain tends to get worse when you lie down.
Question: How can myocarditis cause chest pain?
Answer: In addition to chest pain, this heart muscle inflammation may cause fever, fatigue, fast heart beat, and trouble breathing. Although no blockage exists, myocarditis symptoms can resemble those of a heart attack.
Question: How can pneumothorax cause chest pain?
Answer: This can cause pain known as angina. This common problem occurs when the top of the stomach pushes into the lower chest after eating.
Question: How can esophageal hypersensitivity cause chest pain?
Answer: Heart pain and heartburn from acid reflux feel similar partly because the heart and esophagus are located close to each other and share a nerve network. This occurs when the esophagus becomes very painful at the smallest change in pressure or exposure to acid. The cause of this sensitivity is unknown.
Question: How can rib problems cause chest pain?
Answer: Sometimes chest pain may result from overuse or an injury to the chest area from a fall or accident. Pain from a rib fracture may worsen with deep breathing or coughing. It is often confined to one area and may feel sore when you press on it. The area where the ribs join the breastbone may also become inflamed.
Question: As Iâm being treated for cancer, how can I get support for everyday tasks?
Answer: Let people help. If someone says, " What can I do?" have an answer for them. Let people pitch in with everyday chores like cooking, cleaning, and running errands. Ask a friend to write down important questions, and make sure you ask them. Let someone help keep track of your insurance and appointments. They'll probably be happy if you reach out with a quick call or message saying you'd love a certain snack or could use help with a task like walking the dog or doing the laundry.
Question: How can joining a support group help me and my family deal with cancer?
Answer: This can help you manage your feelings by letting you talk and share with people who feel the same way. Members often talk about which treatments worked for them and how they faced challenges. When you talk to other people, you feel like part of a community. Some are just for people who have cancer. Others include your main caregiver, often a spouse or other close family member. Family members or children may find one just for them. Remember that your friends and family members may not know what you need or even what you want to talk about.
Question: What are the signs of infection after a colposcopy?
Answer: But call your doctor right away if you show any signs of infection, such as: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Heavy, yellow, stinky vaginal discharge Severe pain in your lower abdomen that isn't relieved by over-the-counter pain relievers Vaginal bleeding that lasts more than 7 days There's always a risk that test results are incorrect.
Question: What is a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for cervical cancer?
Answer: Your doctor removes abnormal cells with a wire loop that carries an electric current.
Question: Is it possible that colposcopy results are incorrect?
Answer: But call your doctor right away if you show any signs of infection, such as: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Heavy, yellow, stinky vaginal discharge Severe pain in your lower abdomen that isn't relieved by over-the-counter pain relievers Vaginal bleeding that lasts more than 7 days There's always a risk that test results are incorrect. It's rare, but it happens. And there's a chance that abnormal cells can come back, even after your doctor removes them. That's why it's important to continue to get regular Pap smears and check-ups.
Question: What is cryotherapy for cervical cancer?
Answer: Your doctor uses liquid gas to freeze abnormal cells from your cervix.
Question: Why would my doctor recommend I have a colposcopy?
Answer: Your doctor can use a colposcopy to diagnose cervical cancer, genital warts, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer, as well.
Question: How can I prepare for a colposcopy?
Answer: Don't put anything inside your vagina -- like creams. This will make it hard for your doctor to see your cervix. And don't use tampons or have vaginal intercourse for a few days before. Call your doctor to reschedule if your period is heavy on the day of your appointment. And let her know if you're taking medicines that thin your blood. These could cause heavy bleeding during your procedure, especially if you have a biopsy, which is the removal of a tiny piece of tissue for testing. Lastly, let your doctor know if you're pregnant.
Question: What is a cone biopsy for cervical cancer?
Answer: Your doctor cuts a cone-shaped piece of tissue from your cervix to remove any precancerous cells. The abnormal cells are typically precancerous or cancerous.
Question: What is the recovery time for a colposcopy?
Answer: With both the colposcopy and the cervical biopsy, you should be able to go back to work or school right away. But don't put anything inside your vagina -- tampons, creams, etc. -- and don't have intercourse for at least 48 hours after your biopsy.
Question: What do the results of the biopsy show after a colposcopy?
Answer: The biopsy samples will be sent off for testing. The results will give your doctor an idea of what steps she should take next. If she's able to remove all the abnormal cells during the biopsy, you may not need more treatment.
Question: What are the risks of colposcopy?
Answer: A colposcopy is a simple procedure that lets your doctor get a good look at your cervix. Your doctor may apply a liquid bandage to your cervix after the procedure to stop any bleeding. If she does, you might have brown or black vaginal discharge. It may even look like coffee grounds. Don't worryâit should clear up in a few days.
Question: What should I do if I see someone in sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: If you witness someone experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, dial 911 or your local emergency personnel immediately and initiate CPR. If done properly, CPR can save a person's life, as the procedure keeps blood and oxygen circulating through the body until help arrives. If there is an AED available, the best chance of rescuing the person includes defibrillation with that device. The shorter the time until defibrillation, the greater the chance the person will survive.
Question: What are symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: Some people may experience symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest, such as a racing heartbeat or feeling dizzy, alerting them that a potentially dangerous heart rhythm problem has started. In over half of the cases, however, sudden cardiac arrest occurs without prior symptoms.
Question: Who is at risk for sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: There are many risk factors that can increase a person's risk of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death, including the following: Previous heart attack with a large area of the heart damaged (75% of SCD cases are linked to a previous heart attack.) A person's risk of SCD is higher during the first 6 months after a heart attack. Coronary artery disease (80% of SCD cases are linked with this disease.) Risk factors for coronary artery disease include smoking, hypertension, family history of heart disease, and high cholesterol.
Question: How can you lower your risk for  sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: These lifestyle changes include: Quitting smoking Losing weight Exercising regularly Following a heart-healthy diet Managing diabetes Managing other health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol If you have questions or are unsure how make these changes, talk to your doctor. Patients and families should know the signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease and the steps to take if symptoms occur. Medications: To help reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest, doctors may prescribe medications to people who have had heart attacks or who have heart failure or arrhythmias such as irregular heart rhythms.
Question: Can medications lower your risk of sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: These drugs may include ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and other antiarrhythmics. For patients with high cholesterol and coronary artery disease, statin drugs may be prescribed.
Question: Are athletes at risk for sudden cardiac death?
Answer: Cause: Many cases of SCD are related to undetected heart disease. In the younger population, SCD is often caused by congenital heart defects, while in older athletes (ages 35 and older), the cause is more often related to coronary artery disease. Prevalence: In the younger population, most SCD occurs while playing team sports. It occurs in about one in 50,000 athletes, and more often in males. In older athletes (ages 35 and older), SCD occurs more often while running or jogging. Screening: The American Heart Association recommends cardiovascular screening for high school and collegiate athletes and should include a complete and careful evaluation of the athlete's personal and family history and a physical exam.
Question: Can you prevent sudden cardiac death?
Answer: Keeping regular follow-up appointments with your doctor, making certain lifestyle changes, taking medications as prescribed, and having interventional procedures or surgery (as recommended) are ways you can reduce your risk.
Question: Can your family members help if you're at risk for sudden cardiac death?
Answer: Educate Your Family Members: If you are at risk for SCD, talk to your family members so they understand your condition and the importance of seeking immediate care in the event of an emergency. Family members and friends of those at risk for SCD should know how to perform CPR.
Question: How is sudden cardiac arrest different from a heart attack?
Answer: Sudden cardiac arrest is not a heart attack (myocardial infarction) but can occur during a heart attack. Heart attacks occur when there is a blockage in one or more of the arteries to the heart, preventing the heart from receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. The heart beats dangerously fast. In the first few minutes, the greatest concern is that blood flow to the brain will be reduced so drastically that a person will lose consciousness. Death follows unless emergency treatment is begun immediately.
Question: What is sudden cardiac death?
Answer: Sudden cardiac death ( SCD) is a sudden, unexpected death caused by a change in heart rhythm (sudden cardiac arrest). It is the largest cause of natural death in the U. S., causing about 325,000 adult deaths in the U. S. each year. Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias. The most common life-threatening arrhythmia is ventricular fibrillation, which is an erratic, disorganized firing of impulses from the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers). When this occurs, the heart is unable to pump blood and death will occur within minutes, if left untreated.
Question: Can you survive sudden cardiac arrest?
Answer: Survival can be as high as 90% if treatment is initiated within the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest. The rate decreases by about 10% each minute longer it takes to initiate therapy. It is CPR plus defibrillation that saves a person.
Question: Can an ICD prevent sudden cardiac death?
Answer: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD): For people whose risk factors put them at great risk for sudden cardiac death, an ICD may be inserted as a preventive treatment. An ICD is a small machine similar to a pacemaker that is designed to correct arrhythmias. The ICD may be used in patients who have survived sudden cardiac arrest and need their heart rhythms constantly monitored. It may also be combined with a pacemaker to treat other underlying irregular heart rhythms.
Question: Can eating too much sodium make you more likely to get kidney stones?
Answer: It can raise your chances of getting several types of kidney stones. So watch out for salty snacks, canned foods, packaged meats, and other processed foods.
Question: Are gut problems linked to kidney stones?
Answer: Stones are the most common kidney problem in people with inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Bowel problems can give you diarrhea, so you make less pee. Your body may absorb extra oxalate from the intestine, so more gets in your urine.
Question: How can not drinking enough water cause kidney stones?
Answer: You need to make enough urine to dilute the things that can turn into stones. If you don't drink enough or sweat too much, your pee may look dark. It should be pale yellow or clear.
Question: How can eating the wrong foods play a role in you getting kidney stones?
Answer: What you eat can play a big role in whether you get one of these stones. The most common type of kidney stone happens when calcium and oxalate stick together when your kidneys make urine. Oxalate is a chemical that's in many healthy foods and vegetables. Your doctor may tell you to limit high-oxalate foods if you've had this type of stone before. Examples include: Spinach Rhubarb Grits Bran cereal You may have heard that drinking milk can bring on kidney stones.
Question: Is animal protein linked to kidney stones?
Answer: Another kind of kidney stone forms when your pee is too acidic. Red meat and shellfish can make uric acid in your body rise. This can collect in the joints and cause gout or go to your kidneys and make a stone. More importantly, animal protein raises your urine's calcium level and lowers the amount of citrate, both of which encourage stones.
Question: Is gout linked to kidney stones?
Answer: This condition makes uric acid build up in the blood and form crystals in the joints and the kidneys. The kidney stones can become large and very painful.
Question: Can you get kidney stones from drinking milk?
Answer: Examples include: Spinach Rhubarb Grits Bran cereal You may have heard that drinking milk can bring on kidney stones. That's not true.
Question: Can obesity raise your odds of getting kidney stones?
Answer: You're almost twice as likely to get a kidney stone if you're obese. That's when your body mass index is 30 or above. If you're 5 feet 10 inches tall, obesity starts at 210 pounds. Weight loss surgery can help you shed pounds and improve your health. But studies suggest that people who have the most common weight loss operation, the Roux-en- Y gastric bypass, have an increased risk of stones. Not every weight loss surgery carries this risk. Only the ones that cause malabsorption..
Question: Can type 2 diabetes raise your risk for kidney stones?
Answer: It can make your urine more acidic, which encourages stones.
Question: Can certain medications bring on kidney stones?
Answer: Some that can cause stones include: Certain antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and sulfa antibiotics Some drugs to treat HIV and AIDS Certain diuretics used to treat high blood pressure. But some thiazide-type diuretics actually help prevent stones.
Question: Will your doctor check your abdomen during a physical exam?
Answer: Your doctor can use a range of examination techniques including tapping your abdomen to detect liver size and presence of abdominal fluid, listening for bowel sounds with a stethoscope, and palpating for tenderness.
Question: Will your doctor check your heart and lungs during a physical exam?
Answer: Listening to your heart with a stethoscope, a doctor might detect an irregular heartbeat, a heart murmur, or other clues to heart disease. Lung Exam. Using a stethoscope, a doctor listens for crackles, wheezes, or decreased breath sounds. These and other sounds are clues to the presence of heart or lung disease.
Question: What might be included in an annual physical exam for a man?
Answer: Penis exam: A doctor might notice evidence of sexually transmitted infections such as warts or ulcers on the penis. Prostate exam: Inserting a finger in the rectum lets a doctor feel the prostate for its size and any suspicious areas.
Question: What vital signs will your doctor check during a physical exam?
Answer: Vital Signs.
Question: Will you get a screening lipid panel (cholesterol test) during an annual physical exam?
Answer: A screening lipid panel (cholesterol test) is recommended every 4 to 6 years, according to the American Heart Association. Your doctor might check more frequently if you have risk factors for heart disease. Abnormal cholesterol levels increase the risk for heart attacks and strokes.
Question: What might be included in an annual physical exam for a woman?
Answer: An annual physical exam for men might also include: Testicular exam: A doctor can check each testicle for lumps, tenderness, or changes in size. Feeling for abnormal lumps may detect breast cancer or benign breast conditions. The doctor will also check the lymph nodes in the underarm area and look for visual abnormalities of the breasts and nipples. Pelvic exam: The pelvic exam allows examination of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Routine checks for sexually transmitted infections are often done. A Pap test and HPV test can screen for cervical cancer and help assess risk.
Question: What are mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder?
Answer: Mood stabilizers are medicines that treat and prevent highs (mania) and lows (depression). They also help to keep your moods from interfering with work, school, or your social life.
Question: Which antipsychotic drugs are used for bipolar disorder today?
Answer: These drugs include: Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Loxitane) or loxapine inhaled ( Adasuve) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Today, doctors may prescribe newer antipsychotic drugs, including: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Quetiapine fumarate ( Seroquel) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) If you have sleep problems along with bipolar symptoms, you may get a type of drug called a benzodiazepine.
Question: What should you know about mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder?
Answer: Not all of these drugs have the same effects, though. Some (such as lithium) are better at treating mania. Others (such as lamotrigine) may be more useful for depression. Keep in mind that the term "mood stabilizer" can be misleading. If you take one, your mood can still change during the day. These medicines treat full episodes of mania or depression that last for several days or weeks at a time.
Question: What are some tips for taking medications for bipolar disorder?
Answer: If you have bipolar disorder, taking your medication should be part of your routine. Take it at the same time every day. It's easier to remember if you do it along with another daily activity, like brushing your teeth, eating breakfast, or getting into bed. A weekly pillbox can help you see if you've missed a dose. Be sure to talk to your pharmacist or doctor about the best time of day to take your bipolar medications. Some are best if you take them in the morning or at bedtime and others with meals or after meals. Make sure you know what to do if you accidentally miss a dose. Ask your doctor. Don't assume that doubling up is a good idea.