anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are examples of stimulants?
Answer: The National Institute on Drug Abuse says the three classes of prescription drugs that are often abused are: Opioids used to treat pain Central nervous system ( CNS) depressants, such as benzodiazepines ( Xanax, Valium, Ativan, ), used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders Stimulants, such as amphetamine and ( Adderall) or ( Concerta, Daytrana, Methylin, Ritalin), used to treat attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder). Today, they're also prescribed to treat problems such as ADHD, ADD, depression, narcolepsy, and other problems. Examples of stimulants are dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Pro Centra), lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse), methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Methylin, Ritalin), and the combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine ( Adderall).
Question: What will your doctor prescribe to treat pruritus?
Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat pruritus, including antihistamines and topical steroids. Rarely, steroid pills and antibiotics may also be needed.
Question: How is pruritus treated?
Answer: Anyone can get pruritus but certain groups of people are more susceptible to the condition, including: People with seasonal allergies, hay fever, asthma, and eczema People with diabetes People with HIV/ AIDS and various types of cancer, especially those with leukemia or lymphoma Pregnant women The elderly Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. If a drug reaction is suspected, switching to a different medication may be helpful to reduce the itching. However, most drug reactions have a rash along with itching.
Question: What is the best way to prevent pruritus?
Answer: The best way to prevent pruritus is to take care of your skin. To protect skin: Use skin creams and lotions that moisturize your skin and prevent dryness. Use sunscreens regularly to prevent sunburns and skin damage. Use mild bath soap that won't irritate your skin. Take a bath or shower in warm -- not hot -- water. Avoid certain fabrics, such as wool and synthetics, that can make skin itch. Switch to cotton clothing and bed sheets. Since warm, dry air can make skin dry, keep the thermostat in your house down and use a humidifier. To relieve itching, place a cool washcloth or some ice over the area that itches, rather than scratching.
Question: What symptoms should I look out for if my blood pressure is extremely high?
Answer: If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for, including: Severe headache Fatigue or confusion Vision problems Chest pain Difficulty breathing Irregular heartbeat Blood in the urine If you have any of these hypertension symptoms, see a doctor immediately.
Question: When should I call my doctor about high blood pressure?
Answer: Your diastolic pressure -- the second, or bottom, number in a blood pressure reading -- suddenly shoots above 120 ,or your systolic pressure, the first number, is over 180; you may have malignant hypertension (also known as ''hypertensive emergency''), a life-threatening condition that can result in heart attack, stroke, kidney and eye problems. You are experiencing severe headaches, nausea, blurred vision, and confusion or memory loss; this may be a sign of malignant hypertension. You are pregnant and develop hypertension; symptoms may include severe headache and sudden swelling of the legs. High blood pressure during pregnancy can affect not only your own health, but also the health of your unborn child. You're taking drugs for high blood pressure and experiencing worrisome side effects, such as angioedema (swelling of your mouth or tongue), drowsiness, constipation, dizziness, or loss of sexual function; your doctor may prescribe a different anti-hypertensive drug.
Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  naltrexone (Contrave) work?
Answer: It contains two medications and may affect the reward system in your brain, so eating certain foods that would normally make you feel good no longer do. It also works on the hypothalamus, the part of your brain that regulates appetite, temperature, and other functions.
Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  phentermine (Qsymia) work?
Answer: It's a combo of two drugs. Phentermine is a stimulant that makes you feel less hungry. Topiramate is a medicine used for seizures and headache, but as part of a combo with phentermine may make you feel less hungry and more full.
Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug liraglutide (Saxenda) work?
Answer: It was originally marketed as a diabetes treatment under the brand name Victoza. The drug dampens hunger by acting on a hormone in the gut. Yes, but probably not as much as you might hope.
Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  lorcaserin (Belviq) work?
Answer: The drug may help you feel full after you eat less food than you normally would. It also works on the hypothalamus, the part of your brain that regulates appetite, temperature, and other functions.
Question: What are some tests and tools used to diagnose insomnia?
Answer: During the exam, your doctor will seek to identify any medical or psychological illness that may be contributing to your insomnia. Epworth Sleepiness Scale: a validated questionnaire that is used to assess daytime sleepiness. Polysomnogram: a test measuring activity during sleep. Actigraphy: a test to assess sleep-wake patterns over time. Actigraphs are small, wrist-worn devices (about the size of a wristwatch) that measure movement.
Question: How much surgery will you get to treat ovarian cancer?
Answer: How much surgery you have depends on how far the cancer has spread. In some cases, the ovaries, uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes may need to be removed. Other tissue typically removed includes lymph nodes, the omentum (fatty apron covering the intestines) and all visible cancer. If your surgery is in the very early stages or you want to have children, your doctor may not remove all your reproductive organs.
Question: What are alternative treatments for chronic pain?
Answer: Other alternative treatments such as massage, chiropractic therapies, therapeutic touch, certain herbal therapies, and dietary approaches have the potential to alleviate chronic pain in some people.
Question: Can herbal remedies help with treating chronic pain?
Answer: However, it is not possible to draw final conclusions regarding the effectiveness of massage to treat pain because of the shortcomings of available studies. Others, such as white willow bark, devil's claw, ginger, and turmeric have some evidence to support their use to treat pain. If you decide to use herbs to better manage your pain, it is of critical importance to share this information with your doctor. Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health.
Question: What are symptoms of spondylolisthesis?
Answer: Symptoms include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy.
Question: What's the treatment for spondylolisthesis?
Answer: Symptoms include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy. For patients who continue to have severe pain and disability after physical therapy, there is the option of surgical fusion (arthrodesis) of the vertebra to the bone below.
Question: What do prostate ultrasounds and biopsies evaluate?
Answer: Prostate ultrasound and biopsy are tests that check the abnormal results of a digital rectal exam or an elevated prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) blood test.
Question: Will I need to stop taking certain medications before a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: Tell your doctor if you're taking clopidogrel ( Plavix), rivaroxaban ( Xarelto), warfarin ( Coumadin), or other blood thinners. You may need to stop taking them a week before the procedure. The doctor might prescribe another method to thin your blood.
Question: What happens after receiving a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: The doctor will send the biopsy to a lab for analysis. They'll discuss the results with you when they're ready, which is usually within a week. Meanwhile: You can go back to your normal meals and activities. Do NOT take aspirin, products with aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advil, Motrin, or Naprosyn, or indomethacin ( Indocin) for at least 3 days after the procedure. Drink six to eight glasses of water every day for 3 days after the test to help flush your urinary system. You may notice a small amount of blood in your urine, semen, or stool up to 7 days afterward. This is normal. If your rear end is sore, soak in a warm bath for 20 minutes. Take your antibiotics until all the pills are gone. If you miss a dose, take it when you remember and then go back to your regular schedule.
Question: When should someone call the doctor after a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: Call the nearest emergency department if: You have a fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 C).
Question: How does someone prepare for a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: Tell your doctor if you have a lung or heart condition or any other diseases, or if you're allergic to any medicines. Also let them know if you have an artificial heart valve or if you've ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure. If you have any of these conditions, you'll get antibiotics to take before the biopsy.
Question: Which medications should not be taken before a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: The week before, don't take aspirin, products with aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advil, Motrin, or Naprosyn, or indomethacin ( Indocin). You'll get antibiotics to take the night before or morning of the test to prevent infection. Don't stop taking any medication without talking to your doctor first.
Question: What happens the day of a prostate cancer biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: A doctor or nurse will explain the test in detail, including possible complications and side effects. You'll be able to ask questions.
Question: Why does someone need an enema before getting a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?
Answer: Enemas: You'll get one enema before the procedure to empty your colon and minimize the risk of infection. The doctor may have you take the enema at home. Try to hold the enema solution for at least 5 minutes before you release it.
Question: What are symptoms of osteomalacia?
Answer: If you have soft bones, you may have symptoms, including: Easily broken bones Feeling tired Pain Stiffness Trouble getting up from sitting or walking up stairs Weak muscles in your arms and thighs People with osteomalacia may walk with a waddling, side-to-side stride.
Question: What tests are done to diagnose osteomalacia?
Answer: Your doctor probably will recommend: Blood tests to measure the level of vitamin D in your body X-rays to look at your bone structure Bone mineral density scans to test the amount of calcium and phosphate in your bones It doesn't happen often, but your doctor may want to do a bone biopsy. This involves taking a piece of your bone tissue to check it.
Question: What would happen if your body has trouble absorbing vitamin D when you have osteomalacia?
Answer: The main ones are: You're not taking in enough vitamin D. You need this vitamin to absorb calcium from your diet. Your doctor probably will recommend: Blood tests to measure the level of vitamin D in your body X-rays to look at your bone structure Bone mineral density scans to test the amount of calcium and phosphate in your bones It doesn't happen often, but your doctor may want to do a bone biopsy. But talk to your doctor about it, and be sure to wear sunscreen. If the problem is severe, you may need surgery.
Question: What is osteomalacia?
Answer: That makes them weak and more likely to bend and break. It's not the same as osteoporosis. Both can cause bones to break. But while osteomalacia is a problem with bones not hardening, osteoporosis is the weakening of the bone. It's rare, but some people have a genetic condition that causes osteomalacia.
Question: What causes osteomalacia?
Answer: When the same thing happens in children, it's called rickets. The main ones are: You're not taking in enough vitamin D. You need this vitamin to absorb calcium from your diet. You can get it from sunlight or certain foods or supplements. Some seizure medications may cause it. It's rare, but some people have a genetic condition that causes osteomalacia.
Question: What are different ways of taking naloxone?
Answer: As an injectable medication, the naloxone kit, called Evzio, comes with two auto-injectors and a trainer device, so you can learn how to use it ahead of time. The nasal spray form of naloxone should be given to the person when he/she is lying down.
Question: What is naloxone?
Answer: Paramedics and emergency room doctors have used it for years to save lives. Naloxone blocks the effects of drugs made from opium, or opioids.
Question: Will I still get periods while on the pill?
Answer: But technically that's âmonthly withdrawal bleeding.â It's slightly different than a regular period. Normally, you ovulate in the middle of your menstrual cycle. If the egg your ovaries release isn't fertilized, your hormone levels drop, causing you to shed the lining inside your uterus, and you get your period. Birth control pills, though, prevent ovulation. With most types, you take hormones for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of pills without them. Though they keep your body from releasing an egg, they don't prevent it from building up the lining of your uterus all month. The period-like bleeding during that fourth week is your body's reaction to the lack of hormones from the last week of the pill.
Question: When should I call my doctor about PMS?
Answer: Talk with your doctor if you notice that something seems off. You have more options to help you manage that time of the month.
Question: Can I get pregnant during my period?
Answer: It's time to squash that age-old myth: Your period doesn't protect you from pregnancy. There are a couple of reasons why. First, some women may bleed when their ovaries release an egg each month, called ovulation, and mistake it for their period. You're at your peak fertility when you ovulate. So if you have sex during this time, it could actually make you more likely to get pregnant. Second, you may ovulate before your period is over or within a few days after the bleeding stops. Since sperm can hang out in your body for up to 3 days, having sex during your period could lead to conception. Use a condom or other form of birth control to prevent an unplanned pregnancy, no matter what time of the month it is.
Question: How does my period change throughout my life?
Answer: Just when you start to feel like you can predict exactly when your period is going to show, everything can change. For that, you can thank the hormone shifts that happen throughout your lifetime. Once you get your very first period, your cycles may be longer, meaning more time may pass between when one period starts to the next. A typical cycle for a teenage girl may be 21 to 45 days. Over time, they get shorter and more predictable, averaging about 21 to 35 days. Hormone changes that happen during perimenopause -- the years before menopause when your body starts to make less estrogen -- can throw you for a loop. The time from one period to the next may get shorter or longer, and you may have heavier or lighter bleeding during your period. This phase can last up to 10 years before you start menopause and stop getting your period for good. Gradual life changes are normal, but sudden, unusual issues like very heavy bleeding or missed periods are not. Talk with your doctor if you notice that something seems off.
Question: What is PMS?
Answer: The time from one period to the next may get shorter or longer, and you may have heavier or lighter bleeding during your period. But doctors don't know exactly why that is. It seems to be a mix of hormone changes during your menstrual cycle, chemical changes in the brain, and other emotional issues you might have, such as depression, that can make PMS worse. What's more, once you get your period, the rollercoaster may continue. One study found that period-related pains such as cramps, bloating, backaches, and headaches can cloud your thinking, because the pain may make it harder for you to focus on the tasks at hand. Not that you can't still do them -- you can. It may just feel like it takes more work. Lifestyle changes are usually the best way to take control of PMS. Aim to get about 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week, get 8 hours of shut-eye per night, and don't smoke. Your diet makes a difference, too, so fill up on fruits, veggies, and whole grains while you limit salt (hello, bloating) as well as sugar, caffeine, and alcohol.
Question: How is high blood pressure linked to obesity?
Answer: As your heart beats, it pumps blood through the walls of your arteries. This creates a force, or pressure. If this pressure is too high and goes unchecked for too long, it can damage other organs, such as your kidneys or brain. High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. But it also can change, for the better, as you start to take the weight off.
Question: How does being overweight lead to sleep apnea?
Answer: When you're overweight, extra fat around your neck could narrow your airway and also affect your breathing. You might not know that this is happening. If you feel tired a lot and don't feel more rested after you try simple things like going to bed earlier, tell your doctor. She may send you to a specialist to find out if you have sleep apnea. If you do, there are treatments. And again, it could get better as you lose weight.
Question: What is metabolic syndrome?
Answer: People over 40 who are overweight are most at risk for this disease. But younger people -- even kids and teens -- also get it, and extra pounds make it more likely. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body's blood sugar level is too high.
Question: Is cancer linked to obesity?
Answer: But they do know that fat feeds the growth of existing cancer cells. Of course, people who aren't overweight can get cancer, too. So just like anyone else, it's important for you to keep up with any cancer tests that your doctor recommends.
Question: Who is most at risk for type 2 diabetes?
Answer: It doesn't handle insulin like it should. This is a combination of conditions that put you at risk for other problems, like heart disease, diabetes, or stroke. For example, you might be overweight, especially around your waistline, and have high blood pressure, high blood sugar, as well as cholesterol problems. If you're overweight, the extra pounds put more pressure on your weight-bearing joints.
Question: How is osteoarthritis linked to obesity?
Answer: High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. You develop this type of arthritis after the tissue that cushions your bones, called cartilage, wears down as you age. Fat also makes proteins that can cause inflammation. As you start to lose weight, you'll feel and move better, and your joints will have less stress.
Question: When should you call 911 about your child's congestion or stuffy nose?
Answer: Has difficulty breathing or is unable to breathe Suddenly starts coughing or choking after being fed Has a cough associated with any skin color change such as turning blue Seems out of breath Is unable to talk or eat Colds, flu, and allergies cause congestion in babies and toddlers.
Question: How do you clear out mucus from your child's congestion or stuffy nose?
Answer: Use an infant nasal bulb, or aspirator, to suck mucus from your baby's nose. It's OK to use nasal saline to loosen the mucus. If your child is able, have her blow her nose regularly. Never use a cold or cough medicine in kids under age 4 unless a pediatrician suggests it.
Question: How can you add moisture to help your child with congestion or stuffy nose?
Answer: Use a cool-mist humidifier if the air is dry. Use saline nose drops to moisten the nasal passages. Sit in the bathroom with the hot shower running and have your child breathe in the steam.
Question: What is the follow-up for ganglion cysts?
Answer: After you have been diagnosed with a ganglion cyst and have chosen to have treatment, follow-up will be different based on what you have chosen to do. After simple aspiration, your doctor may ask you to start moving the joint soon after the procedure. Most likely after surgery, your joint will be splinted for up to 7 to 10 days. A splint is a hard wrap that will keep you from moving your joint. Recent studies show that splinting for a long period of time doesn't really help, and use of the joint soon after treatment is being encouraged. Your doctor may ask you to return for a check-up after your surgery and will decide if physical or occupational therapy is needed. Follow-up care will be based on your personal needs.
Question: When should you seek medical care for ganglion cysts?
Answer: Your doctor can be sure that you have a ganglion cyst, keep you from worrying, and help decide on the best treatment plan for you. A ganglion cyst does not need to have emergency treatment unless you have significant trauma. A routine check by either your doctor or a specialist in bones and joints (an orthopedist) is often enough.
Question: What are the symptoms and characteristics of ganglion cysts?
Answer: The ganglion cyst usually appears as a bump (mass) that changes size. It is usually soft, anywhere from 1-3 cm in diameter, and doesn't move. The swelling may appear over time or appear suddenly, may get smaller in size, and may even go away, only to come back at another time. Most ganglion cysts cause some degree of pain, usually following acute or repetitive trauma, but up to 35% are without symptoms except for appearance. If pain is present, it is usually chronic and made worse by joint motion. When the cyst is connected to a tendon, you may feel a sense of weakness in the affected finger.
Question: How can I treat ganglion cysts at home?
Answer: In the past, home care has included topical plaster, heat, and various poultices. It even extended to use of a heavy book to physically smash the cyst. ( Sometimes this is called " Bible therapy.") These forms of treatment are no longer suggested, however, because they have not been shown to keep the ganglion cysts from returning and could, in fact, cause further injury.
Question: When is surgery needed for ganglion cysts?
Answer: When found on the back of the wrist, they become more prominent when the wrist is flexed forward.
Question: Where do ganglion cysts occur?
Answer: Ganglion cysts most commonly occur on the back of the hand at the wrist joint but they can also develop on the palm side of the wrist. When found on the back of the wrist, they become more prominent when the wrist is flexed forward. Other sites, although less common, include these: The base of the fingers on the palm, where they appear as small pea-sized bumps The fingertip, just below the cuticle, where they are called mucous cysts The outside of the knee and ankle The top of the foot The cause of ganglion cysts is not known.
Question: How can you prevent ganglion cysts?
Answer: Because the cause of a ganglion cyst is not known, it is difficult to tell how to prevent them. Early evaluation and treatment are recommended.