anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the do's and don'ts of moving your feet for people with diabetes?
Answer: Diabetes & Your Feet: Dos and Don'ts of Foot Care One of the best things you can do for your feet is to keep your blood sugar levels under control. DON' T: Don't stand in one position for a long time or sit with your legs crossed. These can block blood flow to your feet. DO: Stay active. Aim to move your body at least 30 minutes a day. Ask your doctor what type of activity is best for you. DON' T: Don't smoke. Smoking can also curb blood flow to your feet.
Question: How does tailored medicine begin?
Answer: The field is still in its early stages, but doctors already use it for: Certain forms of cancer, including lung, breast, and colon cancer Rare childhood illnesses HIV and AIDS Cystic fibrosis Pharmacogenomics, or prescribing medication based on your genes Most of the time, tailored medicine begins with a genetic test. This may involve a blood or saliva sample, or in the case of cancer, a biopsy of your tumor. Your doctor will also talk to you about your health history, your condition, and your possible treatments.
Question: Is tailored medicine right for you?
Answer: Tailored medicine is mostly used for people with advanced-stage cancers or conditions where there are few or no treatments, like rare childhood illnesses. If you think tailored medicine might work for you, talk to your doctor about it. You can ask, â Would getting a genetic test help guide my choice of treatment?â It's also a good idea to discuss genetic testing if you have things that raise your chances of certain health conditions, like a family history of it. If your genes show your odds are higher than average, your doctor may suggest ways to make it less likely that you'll get that disease. If your doctor says tailored medicine or targeted treatment isn't for you, standard medicines and treatments, like traditional chemotherapy for cancer, still work. And if one treatment doesn't help, your medical team will keep working with you to find others. Keep in mind that tailored medicine is still in its early stages. Medical centers and universities around the country are working to come up with new information that will help doctors pair the right patients with the right medications.
Question: How does tailored medicine work?
Answer: They also might: Check your genes to decide if a medication will work for you Test cells in your tumor to find out what kind of treatment to use to treat it Do a genetic test to see if you have changes that make it more likely that you'll get certain diseases Tailored medicine isn't just about genetics, though. Doctors can also use your individual and family health history, things in your lifestyle like diet and exercise habits, and your environment (for example, pollution levels near you) to decide on the right treatment for you. If your genes show your odds are higher than average, your doctor may suggest ways to make it less likely that you'll get that disease.
Question: What are the symptoms of tachycardia?
Answer: No matter which type of tachycardia you have, you may feel: Dizziness Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Chest pain Heart palpitations In extreme cases, you could become unconscious or go into cardiac arrest. But sometimes, a super-fast heart rate causes no symptoms at all.
Question: What are the causes of sinus tachycardia?
Answer: Strenuous exercise, a fever, fear, stress, anxiety, certain medications, and street drugs can lead to sinus tachycardia. It can also be triggered by anemia, an overactive thyroid, or damage from a heart attack or heart failure.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose tachycardia?
Answer: This records the electrical activity in your heart and helps your doctor search for things that don't look normal. You may have to wear a holter monitor, a portable machine that records your ECG signals over 24 hours. Exercise stress test. Your doctor will have you walk on a treadmill while he monitors your heart activity. Magnetic source imaging: This measures the heart muscle's magnetic fields and looks for weaknesses. These might include lifestyle changes like easing stress or taking medicine to lower a fever.
Question: When should someone call their doctor after laser eye surgery?
Answer: If you have any questions, or if there's pain, a sudden decrease in vision, redness, or discharge from your eye, contact your doctor right away.
Question: What are some precautions to take after laser eye surgery?
Answer: into your eyes during the first few days after surgery. Be careful when you're in the shower or bath. Be sure to keep soap out of your eye when you wash your hair, and watch out for hair spray and shaving lotion. Don't rub your eyes for at least a month. Don't drive until you feel comfortable. Get your doctor's OK first. Wear the eye shield/goggles the doctor gave you while you sleep for the first week. Keep tap water out of your eyes for at least a week. Avoid pools, whirlpools, saunas, and lakes for at least 3 weeks. No eye makeup for at least a week. Toss out partly used products to avoid an infection. Don't get your hair colored or permed for at least 10 days. No exercise for two days. Wear eye protection for at least a month once you start exercise and sports activities again. Bright sunshine may cause scarring, so wear sunglasses on bright days for at least a year.
Question: What is an esophageal stricture?
Answer: Esophageal stricture: Over time, the damage caused by stomach acid can scar the lining of the esophagus.m When this scar tissue builds up, it makes the esophagus narrow. Called strictures, these narrow spots make it hard to swallow food and drinks, which can lead to weight loss and dehydration. Strictures are treated with a procedure that gently stretches your esophagus.
Question: How can heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) lead to esophageal ulcers?
Answer: Esophageal ulcers: GERD is the top cause of ulcers, or sores in the lining of the esophagus. Symptoms include painful swallowing, nausea, and chest pain. Your doctor will prescribe medicine to control your GERD and treat the ulcer.
Question: Where is your heart?
Answer: The heart is located under the rib cage, to the left of your breastbone (sternum) and between your lungs.
Question: When do collateral vessels become active in the heart?
Answer: When the coronary arteries narrow to the point that blood flow to the heart muscle is limited (coronary artery disease), a network of tiny blood vessels in the heart that aren't usually open called collateral vessels may enlarge and become active. This allows blood to flow around the blocked artery to the heart muscle, protecting the heart tissue from injury.
Question: How does the left side of the heart work?
Answer: Left side The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.
Question: What does the heart do?
Answer: Blood flows continuously through your body's blood vessels. On the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ. Exercise, emotions, fever, and some medications can cause your heart to beat faster, sometimes to well over 100 beats per minute.
Question: What is cardiac catheterization for heart disease?
Answer: Cardiac catheterization (also called cardiac cath or coronary angiogram) is an invasive imaging procedure that tests for heart disease by allowing your doctor to "see" the inside of the arteries and how well your heart is functioning. During the test, a long, narrow tube, called a catheter, is inserted into a blood vessel in your arm or leg and guided to your heart with the aid of a special X-ray machine. Contrast dye is injected through the catheter so that X-ray movies of your valves, coronary arteries, and heart chambers can be created.
Question: Why is my baby's skin blue?
Answer: There are two reasons why the blood under you baby's skin might look blue: The lungs are not getting enough oxygen. Since oxygen is what makes blood turn red, blood cells without oxygen remain blue ("cyanosis"). The underlying blood is moving sluggishly, so the normal veins underneath that carry blue, oxygen-poor blood back to the heart are more noticeable.
Question: What are tips for concerned parents of a baby with skin that looks blue?
Answer: If you are concerned about a blue tinge to your baby's skin, check his entire body. An off-and-on blue cast to the hands and feet, with pink skin elsewhere, is not a sign of a problem, but rather just a little bit of immaturity of the circulatory system, which will go away over time.
Question: When should I worry about my baby's blue skin?
Answer: If there is a bluish cast over the entire body, the blood may be lacking sufficient oxygen. Blue primarily around the lips may also indicate low blood oxygen. This is very worrisome and you should seek medical attention immediately. It's also concerning if you notice any blueness at all when it seem like your baby might be having trouble breathing. But you don't need to worry if your baby's hands and feet turn blue for a short period of time when the rest of the body is pink and your baby is breathing normally.
Question: What does it mean if your baby's skin looks blue?
Answer: Fortunately, in most cases it's quite normal and harmless as long as it's temporary. An off-and-on blue cast to the hands and feet, with pink skin elsewhere, is not a sign of a problem, but rather just a little bit of immaturity of the circulatory system, which will go away over time.
Question: How is cradle cap prevented?
Answer: Once the cradle cap is under control, you can keep it at bay by washing your baby's hair often enough with baby shampoo and brushing her scalp with a soft brush. Ask your pediatrician how often to wash your baby's hair after cradle cap goes away. Your doctor may also suggest that you use the hydrocortisone cream or another lotion or ointment after the cradle cap has stopped being a problem.
Question: What are the causes of cradle cap?
Answer: They think the rough patches may appear when the oil glands in your baby's skin produce more oil than they need to. Doctors think the glands sometimes work harder because of the influence of the mother's hormones. They're left over from when your baby was in your womb. Some doctors may prescribe hydrocortisone cream for cradle cap, but only if the scalp is inflamed.
Question: What are tear ducts?
Answer: Tear ducts are like tiny tunnels that your tears pass through. They're part of the drainage system that goes from your eyes to your throat. Glands inside your eyelids and the white part of your eyes constantly release tears into your eyes. As you blink, they drain out. They exit through two small holes called puncta in the upper and lower inside corners of your eyelids, next to your nose.
Question: What causes blocked tear ducts in infants?
Answer: Sometimes babies are born with blocked tear ducts. This happens because a piece of tissue that covers the duct doesn't open up at birth like it should. It will usually open on its own within a few months. Less often, tear ducts get blocked because the tear drainage system didn't form correctly in the womb.
Question: What causes blocked tear ducts in adults?
Answer: In adults, tear ducts can get blocked for lots of reasons: The holes in the corners of the eyes, the puncta, narrow due to age. Trauma cuts the drainage duct. A broken nose or other injury leaves scar tissue that presses on the tear duct. Small, rounded growths called polyps form in the nose and block the duct. An infection in the eye or nose causes swelling around the tear duct. Sinus surgery damages the tear ducts or the holes that drain to them. Eye drops to treat glaucoma make the conjunctiva and the tear ducts swell. Radioactive iodine and chemotherapy treatment for cancer cause swelling in the tear ducts.
Question: What are blocked tear ducts?
Answer: They flow across the surface of your eyes to clean and moisten them, then they leave your eyes through a system of tiny drainage tubes that run along your nose. Sometimes these tubes can get narrowed or blocked, which prevents the tears from draining out of your eyes. This extra fluid can leave your eyes watery. If your eyes are watery and irritated, get them checked to find out whether it's a blocked tear duct. If it is, your eye doctor has things he can do to open up the blockage and help your tears flow normally again. If the portion of the tear duct in the bone of the nose is blocked, it can cause a serious infection of the tear sac called dacryocystitis. Tear duct probing.
Question: How should I tell my family about my melanoma diagnosis?
Answer: Who you tell about your diagnosis is completely up to you. When you're deciding, it helps to keep some things in mind: If you have melanoma, it means your parents, siblings, and children have a higher risk for skin cancer, too. So your information could help them protect their own health. If you have kids, you can tell them as much about your diagnosis as you think they can handle, based on their age or how mature they are. But be prepared to have more than one conversation with them about it.
Question: How can I be sure that my melanoma diagnosis is true?
Answer: Melanoma can be tricky to diagnose and to treat. You don't have to take your doctor's word as the final say on either of them. Think about asking another specialist to confirm the diagnosis and to discuss your options for treatment.
Question: When should I tell my family about my melanoma diagnosis and how much should I tell them?
Answer: Don't let yourself be rushed. You can decide if and when you're ready to reveal information. It's OK to put limits on how much you say.
Question: Where can I find information on melanoma?
Answer: Your doctor is a good starting point for information, but you can also look up support networks and online message boards. Be sure you're looking at information from reliable, well-known groups, though. Also, keep in mind that what some people went through with melanoma may not happen to you.
Question: When should I consider seeing a professional for mental support after a melanoma diagnosis?
Answer: It can be scary to learn you have melanoma. You don't have to take your doctor's word as the final say on either of them. There are lots of them who can give advice and, most importantly, hope. One day, you may be able to return the favor.
Question: Why is it important to learn about melanoma after being diagnosed?
Answer: It can be scary to learn you have melanoma. And less stress means a better shot at recovery.
Question: Do I still need a second opinion if I am sure that I have melanoma after the first diagnosis?
Answer: There are many cancer treatments out there, and what works for one person may not work for you. Don't feel bad. Doctors are used to patients asking for second opinions. Some even recommend it. And not only will most insurance companies pay for a visit to another doc, some require it. But be prepared to have more than one conversation with them about it.
Question: How is a biopsy used to diagnose peritoneal cancer?
Answer: A surgeon removes tissue by opening the abdomen during a laparotomy or by inserting tools through small holes in the abdomen (laparoscopy). If the doctor suspects cancer, he or she may remove one or more organs. A pathologist studies the tissue sample under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of cancer.
Question: How is a paracentesis used to diagnose peritoneal cancer?
Answer: In cases where surgery is not possible or ascites could be due to other causes, the doctor may instead remove fluid for examination under a microscope. This is called paracentesis.
Question: How is peritoneal cancer related to ovarian cancers?
Answer: Peritoneal cancer acts and looks like ovarian cancer. This is mainly because the surface of the ovaries is made of epithelial cells, as is the peritoneum. Therefore, peritoneal cancer and a type of ovarian cancer cause similar symptoms. Doctors also treat them in much the same way. Despite its similarities with ovarian cancer, you can have peritoneal cancer even if your ovaries have been removed. Peritoneal cancer can occur anywhere in the abdominal space. It affects the surface of organs contained inside the peritoneum.
Question: How is a CA-125 blood test used to diagnose peritoneal cancer?
Answer: This test measures levels of a chemical in the blood called CA-125. If levels are high, peritoneal or ovarian cancer may be present. But CA-125 can be high for other reasons. So, this test cannot confirm a diagnosis of these cancers.
Question: What does hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal cancer consist of?
Answer: This is administration of heated chemotherapy into the peritoneum after surgery. This technique is common for peritoneal cancer that has spread from the appendix, colon, or stomach.
Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat peritoneal cancer?
Answer: The drugs for treating peritoneal cancer are similar to those used for ovarian cancer. You may receive these drugs by injection on an outpatient basis every one, two, or three weeks. Sometimes, chemotherapy is delivered directly into the abdomen through a catheter that was placed under the skin during surgery. This is called intraperitoneal chemotherapy. You also receive it about every three weeks, but it is a more complex treatment cycle.
Question: What is the prognosis for peritoneal cancer?
Answer: Peritoneal cancer can spread quickly because the peritoneum is rich in lymph and blood through which it can travel. Recurrence after treatment is common with peritoneal cancer. That's because this cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage. You may need more than one round of chemotherapy or other surgeries.
Question: How is peritoneal cancer treated?
Answer: You may have more than one type of treatment for peritoneal cancer. The type of treatment you have depends upon: The stage and grade of the cancer The size and location of the cancer Your age and overall health Treatments for peritoneal cancer include: Surgery.
Question: How similar is peritoneal cancer to ovarian cancer?
Answer: Peritoneal cancer acts and looks like ovarian cancer. This is mainly because the surface of the ovaries is made of epithelial cells, as is the peritoneum. Therefore, peritoneal cancer and a type of ovarian cancer cause similar symptoms. Doctors also treat them in much the same way.
Question: Can you still have peritoneal cancer if your ovaries are removed?
Answer: Despite its similarities with ovarian cancer, you can have peritoneal cancer even if your ovaries have been removed. Peritoneal cancer can occur anywhere in the abdominal space. It affects the surface of organs contained inside the peritoneum.
Question: How is HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) used to treat peritoneal cancer?
Answer: This is administration of heated chemotherapy into the peritoneum after surgery. This technique is common for peritoneal cancer that has spread from the appendix, colon, or stomach.
Question: Who is most at risk for peritoneal cancer?
Answer: Peritoneal cancer starts in the peritoneum, and hence is called primary peritoneal cancer. Despite its similarities with ovarian cancer, you can have peritoneal cancer even if your ovaries have been removed. Older age is another risk factor for peritoneal cancer.
Question: What tests may be given for peritoneal cancer?
Answer: High-frequency sound waves produce a picture called a sonogram. CA-125 blood test. This test measures levels of a chemical in the blood called CA-125. If levels are high, peritoneal or ovarian cancer may be present. But CA-125 can be high for other reasons. So, this test cannot confirm a diagnosis of these cancers. CT scan . A computer linked to an X-ray machine produces detailed pictures of the inside the body. Lower GI series or barium enema. With this test, you first receive an enema containing a white, chalky solution called barium. This outlines the colon and rectum on an X-ray. It makes it possible to spot some tumors and other problems. Upper GI series. With this test, barium is swallowed and the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) are outlined on an X-ray. Biopsy . A surgeon removes tissue by opening the abdomen during a laparotomy or by inserting tools through small holes in the abdomen (laparoscopy). If the doctor suspects cancer, he or she may remove one or more organs. A pathologist studies the tissue sample under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. Paracentesis. In cases where surgery is not possible or ascites could be due to other causes, the doctor may instead remove fluid for examination under a microscope. You may have more than one type of treatment for peritoneal cancer.
Question: How is palliative care used to treat peritoneal cancer?
Answer: Supportive care can help relieve symptoms of peritoneal cancer such as pain, weight loss, or fluid buildup. That's because this cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage.
Question: How can you tell if you have peritoneal cancer in an exam?
Answer: A pathologist studies the tissue sample under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. So, the pattern and location of any tumors helps indicate which type of cancer is present.
Question: What causes peritoneal cancer?
Answer: However, there are different theories about how it begins. Some believe it comes from ovarian tissue implants left in the abdomen during fetal development. Others think the peritoneum undergoes changes that make it more like the ovaries. The type of treatment you have depends upon: The stage and grade of the cancer The size and location of the cancer Your age and overall health Treatments for peritoneal cancer include: Surgery.
Question: How is a CT scan used to diagnose peritoneal cancer?
Answer: Just as with ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer can be hard to detect in the early stages. A computer linked to an X-ray machine produces detailed pictures of the inside the body.
Question: How is an upper GI series used to diagnose peritoneal cancer?
Answer: Just as with ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer can be hard to detect in the early stages. With this test, you first receive an enema containing a white, chalky solution called barium. With this test, barium is swallowed and the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) are outlined on an X-ray.
Question: Are the symptoms of peritoneal cancer easy to spot?
Answer: Then, symptoms resemble those of ovarian cancer. Many of these symptoms are due to buildup of fluid (ascites) in the abdomen. Doctors often diagnose peritoneal cancer in advanced stages.
Question: What is peritoneal cancer?
Answer: It also covers the uterus, bladder, and rectum. Made of epithelial cells, this structure is called the peritoneum. It produces a fluid that helps organs move smoothly inside the abdomen. Peritoneal cancer is not the same as intestinal or stomach cancer. Nor is it to be confused with cancers that spread (metastasize) to the peritoneum. Peritoneal cancer starts in the peritoneum, and hence is called primary peritoneal cancer. Some believe it comes from ovarian tissue implants left in the abdomen during fetal development.
Question: What should you expect if you have peritoneal cancer?
Answer: To stage and treat this cancer, a surgeon removes all visible disease. These doctors have special knowledge of gynecologic cancers. Your doctors will closely watch you after treatment. Peritoneal cancer can spread quickly because the peritoneum is rich in lymph and blood through which it can travel. Recurrence after treatment is common with peritoneal cancer. That's because this cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage. You may need more than one round of chemotherapy or other surgeries. Be sure to seek support for yourself as you go through treatment and healing.