anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Why does diabetes cause oral health issues?
Answer: Bacteria love to feast on sugar, turning it into tooth-damaging acid. Uncontrolled diabetes means more sugar in your saliva, and that means a free banquet for bacteria. As bacteria gather, they combine with saliva and pieces of leftover food to form plaque. When it builds up, it leads to tooth decay and gum disease.
Question: Is burning mouth syndrome harmful to your health?
Answer: This isn't really harmful, unless you make up for the lack of taste by adding sugar to your food. That will boost your risk of cavities and gum disease.
Question: How does periodontitis form in people with diabetes?
Answer: If left untreated, gingivitis can turn into periodontitis, a more serious type of gum disease that erodes the bone and tissues that support your teeth. In the worst case, you might lose your teeth. If you don't floss and brush regularly, bacteria and plaque can build up on your teeth. That causes your gums to pull away from them.
Question: What is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes?
Answer: Gum disease is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes. The first stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. This is when bacteria cause your gums to bleed, turn red, and feel sore.
Question: Does diabetes cause dry mouth?
Answer: Both diabetes and older age (especially if you're a woman) slow down saliva production. This puts you at risk for dry mouth, which your doctor might call xerostomia.
Question: Does diabetes cause slow healing time and what does that mean for oral health?
Answer: If you wear dentures, smoke, or take antibiotics, you may be even more likely to get thrush. That's a byproduct of both diabetes and getting older. At the same time, your risk of infection goes up. That plus slower healing means that if something does go wrong with your gums or teeth, it'll take longer to get better. And it might get worse faster. This can also be a problem after dental surgery.
Question: What is thrush and how is it related to diabetes?
Answer: Gum disease is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes. Saliva makes the enzymes that attack bacteria. Thrush can cause white or red patches on your tongue and inside your cheeks. Sometimes they turn into open sores.
Question: What are the risks of diabetes-associated dry mouth?
Answer: When it builds up, it leads to tooth decay and gum disease. Bacteria aren't the only organisms that like sugar. Both thrush and dry mouth can lead to burning mouth syndrome.
Question: What are the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome?
Answer: Both thrush and dry mouth can lead to burning mouth syndrome. You might lose some of your ability to taste. This can also result from aging.
Question: What other risk factors put me at risk for thrush other than diabetes?
Answer: If you have diabetes, you're more likely to have oral health problems like cavities and gum disease. Bacteria aren't the only organisms that like sugar.
Question: What are symptoms of insomnia relative to menopause?
Answer: Symptoms of insomnia can include one or more of the following: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up frequently during the night with difficulty returning to sleep Waking up too early in the morning Non-refreshing sleep (feeling tired upon waking and throughout the day) Alcohol may help you relax and fall asleep, but it should not be used as a sleep aid, because it has a rebound effect.
Question: What treatments are there for insomnia during menopause?
Answer: He or she may be able to prescribe temporary medicine to help you sleep and get you sleeping regularly. In addition, your doctor can rule out other conditions that may be causing your sleep problem. For example, if depression is causing your sleep problems, your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant. If your insomnia is a result of menopausal symptoms, you may also want to talk to your doctor about taking hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) for a short period of time. HRT may help alleviate symptoms that are causing your sleep problem.
Question: What steps may help you sleep better during menopause?
Answer: Do not nap during the day. Exercise daily. However, be sure to avoid vigorous exercise three hours or less before bedtime. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine throughout the day. Keep your bedroom cool to prevent night sweats. Do not go to bed until you are tired. Take a warm bath or shower at bedtime. Do not watch television, eat, or read in bed. Do these activities in another room until you feel sleepy. Follow the same bedtime routine each night. Avoid using sleeping pills.
Question: Why should you not use alcohol as a sleep aid, even if menopause symptoms keep you awake at night?
Answer: It can disturb your sleep later and can cause you to awaken in the middle of the night.
Question: What do you need to know about menopause and sleep problems?
Answer: There are many steps you can take to get yourself sleeping soundly through the night. If your insomnia is a result of menopausal symptoms, you may also want to talk to your doctor about taking hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) for a short period of time.
Question: How do I track my personal triggers for migraine attacks?
Answer: The first step is to track your migraine symptoms in a diary. Note what you were doing before and when your headache came on. What were you eating? How much sleep did you get the night before? Did anything stressful or important happen that day? These are key clues.
Question: What are the common migraine triggers?
Answer: When you look at your diary, you might find that these things tend to lead to a migraine: Stress Menstrual periods Changes in your normal sleep pattern Extreme fatigue Certain foods and drinks Too much caffeine or withdrawal from it Skipping meals or fasting Changes in the weather Exercise Smoking Bright, flickering lights Certain smells Watch what you eat and drink.
Question: What are some triggers of migraines found in food?
Answer: Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits.
Question: How does someone track their migraine headaches?
Answer: With migraine, one of the best things you can do is learn your personal triggers that bring on the pain. Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits. The first step is to track your migraine symptoms in a diary. Note what you were doing before and when your headache came on. What were you eating? How much sleep did you get the night before? Did anything stressful or important happen that day? These are key clues.
Question: Should I track my personal triggers for migraine headaches?
Answer: With migraine, one of the best things you can do is learn your personal triggers that bring on the pain. Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits.
Question: How can I avoid migraines?
Answer: If you get a headache, write down the foods and drinks you had before it started. If you see a pattern over time, stay away from that item. Eat regularly. Don't skip meals. So try to slowly ease off caffeine if it seems to be one of your headache triggers. Ask your doctor what would help. Get regular shut-eye. There are many ways to do it. You could exercise, meditate, pray, spend time with people you love, and do things you enjoy. Eat on a regular schedule, and don't let yourself get dehydrated.
Question: What are the symptoms of fainting?
Answer: Depending on the cause of your fainting spell, you may have some or all of these symptoms before or during the episode: Dizziness Weakness Sweating Blurred vision, seeing spots Headache Sensation that the room is moving Ringing in the ears (see tinnitus) Nausea, vomiting Paleness Tingling or numbness of fingertips and around lips Bluish cast to the skin Shortness of breath Incontinence (involuntary urination or defecation) You have an unexplained fainting episode.
Question: What do you need to know about circumcision?
Answer: Approximately two-thirds of boys in the United States are circumcised, some because of the family's religious beliefs or cultural norms. There are some potential medical benefits of circumcision in terms of a slightly lower risk of urinary tract infections ( UTIs) in little boys, certain sexually transmitted infections in men, and penile cancer.
Question: How is circumcision done?
Answer: It should be performed in the first few days of your son's life by a medical doctor, under local anesthesia. If it is performed a few weeks after birth, the circumcision is generally done by a urologist who will use general anesthesia. Some religious groups have the circumcision done later as part of a meaningful ceremony, either by a specially trained non-physician or a physician.
Question: How should you deal with your son's pain during and after circumcision?
Answer: Dealing with your son's pain: Circumcision hurts. The hospital may also give acetaminophen for 24 hours after the procedure. You may ask if your infant can suck on sugar during the circumcision procedure to try to lessen the pain.
Question: Do headaches run in families?
Answer: Headaches, especially migraine headaches, tend to run in families. Most children and teens (90%) who have migraines have other family members who get them. When both parents have a history of migraines, there is a 70% chance their child will also have them. If only one parent has a history of these headaches, the risk drops to 25%-50%.
Question: What should you do if your headaches get worse?
Answer: If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist.
Question: How do you get headaches from stress?
Answer: Emotional stress and depression as well as alcohol use, skipping meals, changes in sleep patterns, and taking too much medication.
Question: How do you get a diagnosis for your headache?
Answer: The first step is to talk to your doctor about your headaches. They'll give you a physical exam and ask you about the symptoms you have and how often they happen. It's important to be as complete as possible with these descriptions. Give your doctor a list of things that cause your headaches, things that make them worse, and what helps you feel better. You can track details in a headache diary to help your doctor diagnose your problem.
Question: Can physical activity trigger migraines?
Answer: Too much physical activity can also trigger a migraine in adults.
Question: What are hormone headaches?
Answer: Hormone Headaches You can get headaches from shifting hormone levels during your periods, pregnancy, and menopause. The hormone changes from birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy can also trigger headaches.
Question: How are headaches treated?
Answer: The type of headache treatment you need will depend on a lot of things, including the type of headache you get, how often, and its cause. Some people don't need medical help at all. But those who do might get medications, electronic medical devices, counseling, stress management, and biofeedback. Your doctor will make a treatment plan to meet your specific needs.
Question: What is a sinus headache?
Answer: It's usually one of the four types of primary headache: Chronic migraine Chronic tension headache New daily persistent headache Hemicrania continua Sinus Headaches With sinus headaches, you feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or on the bridge of your nose. They happen when cavities in your head, called sinuses, get inflamed. The pain usually comes along with other sinus symptoms, like a runny nose, fullness in the ears, fever, and a swollen face.
Question: What should I do after I start headache treatment?
Answer: Once you start a treatment program, keep track of how well it's working. A headache diary can help you note any patterns or changes in how you feel. Know that it may take some time for you and your doctor to find the best treatment plan, so try to be patient. Be honest with them about what is and isn't working for you. Even though you're getting treatment, you should still steer clear of the things you know can trigger your headaches, like foods or smells. And it's important to stick to healthy habits that will keep you feeling good, like regular exercise, enough sleep, and a healthy diet. Also, make your scheduled follow-up appointments so your doctor can see how you're doing and make changes in the treatment program if you need them.
Question: Do doctors know what causes a migraine?
Answer: Doctors don't know exactly what causes migraines. A popular theory is that triggers cause unusual brain activity, which leads to changes in the blood vessels there. Some forms of migraines are linked to genetic problems in certain parts of the brain.
Question: What causes headaches?
Answer: Specific nerves in your blood vessels and head muscles switch on and send pain signals to your brain. But it isn't clear how these signals get turned on in the first place.
Question: What should you know about headaches?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Headaches can be more complicated than most people realize. Different kinds can have their own set of symptoms, happen for unique reasons, and need different treatments. Once you know the type of headache you have, you and your doctor can find the treatment that's most likely to help and even try to prevent them.
Question: How do you get headaches from your environment?
Answer: Your environment, including secondhand tobacco smoke, strong smells from household chemicals or perfumes, allergens, and certain foods. Stress, pollution, noise, lighting, and weather changes are other possible triggers.
Question: How do you get headaches from illnesses?
Answer: Some are like tension headaches. Headaches are also common with conditions like sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), a throat infection, or an ear infection. In some cases, headaches can result from a blow to the head or, rarely, a sign of a more serious medical problem.
Question: What illnesses often cause headaches?
Answer: Some people find that it strikes after an infection, flu-like illness, surgery, or stressful event. Headaches are also common with conditions like sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), a throat infection, or an ear infection.
Question: What are chronic progressive headaches?
Answer: Common causes of headaches include: Illness. If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist. Some people don't need medical help at all.
Question: Should I see a headache specialist?
Answer: If you have one, see the doctor. If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist.
Question: What is mixed headache syndrome?
Answer: Migraine Headaches Migraine headaches are often described as pounding, throbbing pain. Most children and teens (90%) who have migraines have other family members who get them.
Question: Do you need to fast before you get anesthesia?
Answer: Your doctor will likely tell you not to eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before your operation. That's because anesthesia makes you sleepy and relaxed. The muscles of your stomach and throat also relax, which can cause food to back up and get into your lungs. An empty stomach helps prevent this.
Question: What type and how much anesthesia will I get?
Answer: It depends on the kind of surgery you have. Your doctor will also take into account things like your age, weight, gender, and overall health. A special doctor called an anesthesiologist will make sure you get just the right type and amount of medicine. Your medical team will also monitor you closely during the operation to make sure you don't have a bad reaction to the anesthesia.
Question: Do I need someone to take me home after I've had anesthesia?
Answer: It depends. If you have "local" anesthesia, which just numbs part of your body during surgery, you may be able to drive yourself home. But you won't be able to drive after "general" anesthesia, which puts you to sleep during the operation. The same is true if you get some kind of "sedation" medicine, which relaxes you. Arrange for a friend or family member to take you home. And have someone stay with you for the first day while you recover at home.
Question: What is anesthesia before surgery?
Answer: Before it gets underway, you'll get medicine called anesthesia to block pain, help you relax, and sometimes let you sleep through the operation.
Question: What should I tell my anesthesia doctor?
Answer: Let him know if you: Are allergic to latex, rubber, or medicines Have a health condition, including high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, liver or kidney disease, sleep apnea, or thyroid disease Have asthma, COPD, bronchitis, or other breathing problems Smoke, drink alcohol, or take street drugs Take NSAIDs or steroid medicines Have numbness or weakness in your arms or legs Have bleeding problems Are pregnant Reacted to anesthesia in the past Ask your anesthesia doctor any questions you have about your surgery or the medicine you'll get.
Question: Why might I need to stop taking certain medicines before surgery?
Answer: Your doctor may tell you not to use some of your medications a few days or more before your surgery because they don't mix well with the drugs used for anesthesia. You may also need to stop certain meds because they can make you bleed more during the operation, like blood thinners such as clopidogrel ( Plavix) and warfarin ( Coumadin), and NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen. Blood pressure drugs and reflux medicines should be OK to take, but ask your doctor to know for sure.
Question: What herbal supplements should you avoid before you get anesthesia?
Answer: Some of them can react with your anesthesia, increase bleeding, or affect your blood pressure during surgery. They include supplements like: Black cohosh Feverfew Garlic Ginger Ginkgo Ginseng Kava St. John's wort Valerian Tell your doctor about every supplement you take and get her opinion on whether you need to stop using it.
Question: What are the side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) when you use them to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Side effects from these drugs include: Nausea Diarrhea High blood pressure Pain in the hands and feet Liver problems m TOR inhibitors are medicines that target the m TOR protein, which helps cancer cells grow.
Question: What are the side effects of radiation treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Side effects of radiation treatment include: Fatigue Skin redness Upset stomach Diarrhea Chemotherapy uses medicine to kill cancer cells all over your body.
Question: What are the side effects of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors when you use them to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Side effects from m TOR inhibitors include: Mouth sores Rash Weakness Not feeling hungry Fluid buildup in the face or legs High blood sugar and cholesterol This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.
Question: What are the side effects of interferon alpha when you use it to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Side effects of this treatment include: Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills Nausea Fatigue Checkpoint inhibitors.
Question: What are the treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Treatments for metastatic renal cell cancer include: Surgery Immunotherapy Targeted therapy Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Talk about all your options with your doctor.
Question: How do you take interleukin-2 (IL-2) to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: You can take IL-2 in one of two ways: Through a thin tube that goes into a vein ( IV). You get it in a hospital. As a shot under your skin. You can get this in a doctor's office or give it to yourself at home.
Question: What are the side effects of nivolumab (Opdivo) when you use it to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Side effects of Opdivo include: Red patches or a rash on your skin Feeling tired Diarrhea Belly pain Trouble breathing, cough, or chest pain Nausea Sore or dry mouth Headache These medicines target parts of cancer cells that help them grow and survive.
Question: How can intense stress cause you to hear things that aren't real?
Answer: Serious stress, as you might have after going through something traumatic, can cause hallucinations. It's especially common to hear the voice of a loved one after their recent death.
Question: Which mental illnesses can cause you to hear things that aren't real?
Answer: It can sometimes happen with other mental illnesses as well, including: Bipolar disorder Borderline personality disorder Major depressive disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) Schizoaffective disorder Migraines.
Question: How can epilepsy cause you to hear things that aren't real?
Answer: When seizures from epilepsy affect the brain area that processes hearing, you might hear a buzzing sound or voices. In some cases, it warps how you hear things, so they're not as loud or clear.
Question: How can migraines cause you to hear things that aren't real?
Answer: Often, if you get migraines with auras, you see things. But some people hear things instead. Usually, it's voices. And that may be more likely if you also have depression.
Question: What tests will help your doctor find out why you are hearing things that aren't real?
Answer: After that, you'll get some tests based on what your doctor thinks might be the cause. For example, your doctor might suggest you see a psychiatrist to check for a mental illness. You could have some tests based on what your doctor thinks might be the cause: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This measures electrical signals in your brain, to look for epilepsy. Hearing exam: This checks for hearing loss or tinnitus.
Question: How can thyroid disease cause you to hear things that aren't real?
Answer: Certain street drugs, like ecstasy and LSD, can make you see and hear things that aren't there. And it's usually not something to see your doctor about.
Question: How do H2 blockers treat heartburn and reflux?
Answer: In prescription form (usually higher doses than the over-the-counter versions), H2 blockers can generally relieve heartburn and treat reflux, especially if you've never had treatment before. These drugs are particularly useful at alleviating heartburn, but may not be as good for treating esophagitis (inflammation that occurs in the esophagus) that is the result of GERD. Histamine stimulates acid production, especially after meals, so H2 blockers are best taken 30 minutes before meals. They can also be taken at bedtime to suppress nighttime production of acid. Examples of prescription H2 blockers: Famotidine ( Pepcid) Cimetidine Ranitidine ( Zantac) Side effects can include headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, gas, sore throat, runny nose, and dizziness.
Question: How do proton pump inhibitors treat heartburn and reflux?
Answer: Depending on the source of your heartburn or reflux, your doctor can prescribe drugs that block acid production more effectively and for a longer period of time than the H2 blockers, namely the family of medications doctors call proton pump inhibitors. PPIs are best taken an hour before meals. They include: Rabeprazole ( Aciphex) Esomeprazole ( Nexium) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Omeprazole ( Prilosec, Zegerid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Most doctors do not believe that one drug is significantly more effective than the others in managing GERD.
Question: How do promotility agents treat heartburn and reflux?
Answer: Promotility agents work by stimulating the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, which may help prevent acids from staying in the stomach too long, and strengthening the lower esophageal sphincter, reducing reflux into the esophagus. Metoclopramide ( Reglan) is a promotility agent occasionally used to treat heartburn associated with GERD.