anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What happens to your bones if you have precocious puberty?
Answer: Bones matures during puberty, and when puberty starts early, the growth spurt begins and ends sooner than normal. At first, children with precocious puberty tower over their friends who haven't started to grow. But within a few years, they may stand among the shortest in their class. Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate.
Question: How does early puberty occur in girls?
Answer: If a girl shows any sign of beginning puberty -- the onset of breasts -- before turning age 7, she may have precocious puberty.
Question: What questions should parents ask their child's pediatrician about precocious puberty?
Answer: Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate. What tests are you going to use to determine if my child has precocious puberty? Do you see any signs to suggest this is caused by a tumor or some other medical condition? What options are available to treat this condition? What are the side effects? How long do you recommend my child stay on this treatment? How will I know if the treatment is working or not working? What local services are available to help me support my child's emotional well-being?
Question: How do doctors diagnose early puberty?
Answer: Your pediatrician will probably start out asking a lot of questions about the child's development and both parents' medical history. A physical exam allows the doctor to compare the child's development to his or her actual age. An X-ray of the child's wrist can help determine how quickly the bones are maturing.
Question: How does early puberty occur in boys?
Answer: Rarely, early puberty is the first sign of a serious medical condition like a tumor or neurological disorder. Later changes include the development of pubic hair, underarm hair, and acne.
Question: What should you do if you think your child has precocious puberty?
Answer: Parents concerned about their children's development can compare their child's age to how old they were when they started puberty. Often puberty simply starts early for no apparent medical reason. Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate.
Question: How do I choose safe toys for my children?
Answer: Follow these tips for choosing safe and appropriate toys for children: Select toys to suit the age, abilities, skills, and interest level of the intended child. For infants, toddlers, and all children who still mouth objects, avoid toys with small parts, which could pose a fatal choking hazard. Never give young children small balls or balloons. How small is too small? Avoid toys that have sharp edges and points, especially for children under age 8. Avoid toys with strings, straps, or cords longer than seven inches. Check toys that make loud noises, which may damage young ears.
Question: What are ways to cope with stress?
Answer: Anger Inability to concentrate Excessive worry Sadness Frequent mood swings Stooped posture Sweaty palms Chronic fatigue Weight gain or loss Erectile dysfunction Shaking Over-reacting Acting on impulse Using alcohol or drugs Withdrawing from relationships Changing jobs often Lower your expectations; accept that there are events beyond your control. Ask others to help you, delegate. Take responsibility for the situation. Engage in problem solving. Express distressing emotions; be assertive instead of aggressive. Maintain emotionally supportive relationships and emotional composure. Avoid sources of stress. Learn to relax. Eat and drink sensibly. Stop smoking or other bad habits. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy sense of self-esteem.
Question: How can your behaviors show that youâre under stress?
Answer: Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Confrontations Marital difficulties/divorce Deadlines Legal problems Job loss/new job Retirement Money problems Illnesses When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress. Once you can identify these signs, you can learn how your body responds to stress and can take steps to reduce it. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress.
Question: How can your body show you that youâre under stress?
Answer: Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Confrontations Marital difficulties/divorce Deadlines Legal problems Job loss/new job Retirement Money problems Illnesses When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress. Once you can identify these signs, you can learn how your body responds to stress and can take steps to reduce it. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress.
Question: Where do I go to get help for stress?
Answer: Take responsibility for the situation. Your doctor can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If the situation is an emergency, call a crisis hotline or go to the nearest emergency room.
Question: What should you do if there's a chance you have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: It's easy to forget or not care about safe sex. You might be able to take medicine to stop the infection. You need to start within 72 hours, and sooner is better for it to work. It's not like a morning-after pill. The treatment lasts for several weeks, and there can be serious side effects. But it could keep you from getting HIV.
Question: What safe sex practices can lower your chance of getting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. A female condom, called a vaginal pouch, also protects against HIV. Oral sex without a condom or dental dam isn't safe, but it's far less risky than unprotected vaginal or anal sex. Don't have unprotected sex outside marriage or a committed, exclusive relationship. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.
Question: How can you prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy?
Answer: It's easier for you to get a cold than it is to get HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. You can lower your risk a lot by using a latex or polyurethane condom when you have sex. You'll still need to try to prevent contact with the virus.
Question: How do you catch the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. When either person's penis, vagina, or anus gets involved with the other's -- or a mouth -- there's a chance of passing HIV. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.
Question: What are the main symptoms of dermatitis?
Answer: Nummular dermatitis, common in people who have dry skin or live in dry environments, shows up as red, itchy, circular patches of weeping, scaly, or crusted skin.
Question: When should you call your doctor about dermatitis?
Answer: Your skin has oozing sores; honey-yellow crusting; red, swollen, tender areas; or other signs of infection. You may need treatment with antibiotics or other drugs. The affected skin does not respond to treatment with over-the-counter creams or medicated shampoos. You should have a medical diagnosis and treatment. You are exposed to anyone with herpes simplex virus infection while you are having a flare-up of atopic dermatitis (eczema). You are at increased risk of contracting the viral disorder.
Question: What is recovery from ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib) like?
Answer: If you go home, plan to have someone drive you. You may feel a little sore and tired at first, but you'll be back to normal soon. For surgical ablation called mini-maze, you're in the hospital just a couple of days and will need to take it easy for a few weeks. Open-heart maze is major surgery. You'll spend a day or two in intensive care, and you may be in the hospital up to a week.
Question: What is the outlook for someone who has catheter ablation?
Answer: Catheter ablation may not cure your AFib, but it will often relieve your symptoms. If you've had AFib a long time, you'll likely need a repeat treatment to keep your heartbeat normal. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.
Question: What complications can happen after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Catheter ablation is considered safe. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.
Question: What complications can happen after open-heart maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Open-heart maze is major surgery. You run the risk of: Pneumonia Heart attack or stroke New heart rhythm problems Because it's surgery, there is a slim chance you might die from having a maze procedure.
Question: What are types of ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Surgical ablationâinvolves cutting into your chest. Your recovery and the results you can expect will depend on which procedure you have. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.
Question: How do you prepare for ablation?
Answer: The night before, you should stop eating and drinking after midnight and wash with antibacterial soap. Your doctor will give you specific instructions for the kind of ablation you're having. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.
Question: Can I treat my sciatica at home?
Answer: Mild sciatica usually responds well to do-it-yourself treatment, like over-the-counter medicines and hot and cold packs. But if your back pain lasts for more than a week or gets worse, it's time to call the doctor. If you have pain that comes on suddenly, is caused by an injury, or makes you lose control of your bladder or bowels, these are emergencies and you should call your doctor immediately.
Question: How should you take your medication?
Answer: 5 Drug DOs... DO take each medication exactly as it has been prescribed. DO make sure that all your doctors know about all your medications. DO let your doctors know about any other over-the-counter medications, vitamins and supplements, or herbs that you use. DO try to use the same pharmacy to fill all your prescriptions, so that they can help you keep track of everything you're taking. DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets.
Question: What are things not do to when you take medication?
Answer: 5 Drug DON' Ts... DON' T change your medication dose or schedule without talking with your doctor. DON' T use medication prescribed for someone else. DON' T crush or break pills unless your doctor instructs you to do so. DON' T use medication that has passed its expiration date. DON' T store your medications in locations that are humid, too hot or too cold. For example, the bathroom cabinet may not be the best place for your medication.
Question: How can you safely get rid of old medicines?
Answer: Before flushing old medicines down the toilet or tossing them in a trash can, check if your city or county has a medicine take-back program. These are programs that allow the public to bring unused drugs to a central location for proper disposal. Call your city or county government's household trash and recycling service (see blue pages in phone book or go to your municipality's website) or check with your pharmacy to see if a take-back program is available in your community. While experts used to recommend flushing old medication down the toilet, the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) recommends against this because sewage plants may not be able to adequately remove drug ingredients from the water.
Question: How should you dispose of dangerous medication?
Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. These are usually medicines that are very dangerous or fatal if they are taken by the wrong person, or if they are found by a child or pet. This includes the following medications: fentanyl buccal tablets ( Fentora) fentanyl citrate ( Actiq) fentanyl transdermal system ( Duragesic) hydromorphone hydrochloride ( Dilaudid) meperidine HCL tablets ( Demerol) methylphenidate transdermal patch ( Daytrana) morphine sulfate capsules ( Avinza, MS Contin) oxycodone and acetaminophen ( Percocet) oxycodone tablets ( Oxy Contin) sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) Other medications that should be flushed can be found on the FDA's website.
Question: What are the best tips for taking your medication right?
Answer: 5 Drug DOs... DO take each medication exactly as it has been prescribed. DO make sure that all your doctors know about all your medications. DO let your doctors know about any other over-the-counter medications, vitamins and supplements, or herbs that you use. DO try to use the same pharmacy to fill all your prescriptions, so that they can help you keep track of everything you're taking. DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets. 5 Drug DON' Ts... DON' T change your medication dose or schedule without talking with your doctor. DON' T use medication prescribed for someone else. DON' T crush or break pills unless your doctor instructs you to do so. DON' T use medication that has passed its expiration date. DON' T store your medications in locations that are humid, too hot or too cold.
Question: When is it OK to flush away medications?
Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. These are usually medicines that are very dangerous or fatal if they are taken by the wrong person, or if they are found by a child or pet. This includes the following medications: fentanyl buccal tablets ( Fentora) fentanyl citrate ( Actiq) fentanyl transdermal system ( Duragesic) hydromorphone hydrochloride ( Dilaudid) meperidine HCL tablets ( Demerol) methylphenidate transdermal patch ( Daytrana) morphine sulfate capsules ( Avinza, MS Contin) oxycodone and acetaminophen ( Percocet) oxycodone tablets ( Oxy Contin) sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) Other medications that should be flushed can be found on the FDA's website.
Question: How do you safely dispose of unused medication?
Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.
Question: What medications can I throw out?
Answer: DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets. Most other drugs can be disposed of with your household garbage. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.
Question: When should you call a doctor about a hammertoe?
Answer: Foot doctors are called podiatrists. Call one, or ask your doctor for a referral. The earlier you seek treatment, the likelier it is that the problem won't get worse. If you have diabetes or can't feel your feet well, you may need to have custom shoes to avoid open sores or infections.
Question: What are some warning signs of suicide in people with bipolar disorder?
Answer: Some warning signs of suicide include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up lose ends, changing a will Recent worsening of sleep Not sleeping Seeming restless or agitated Think you cannot stop from harming yourself Hear voices telling you to harm yourself Want to commit suicide You know someone who has mentioned wanting to commit suicide
Question: What are the risk factors for suicide in people with bipolar disorder?
Answer: Risk factors for suicide include: Having mental and substance abuse disorders Family history of mental or substance abuse disorders Having attempted suicide previously Having a family history of physical or sexual abuse Having family members or friends who have attempted suicide Keeping a firearm in the home If you or someone you know is at risk for suicide -- and has shown warning signs -- do not leave them alone.
Question: What are some warning signs of suicide that I should call 911 about for someone with bipolar disorder?
Answer: Some warning signs of suicide include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up lose ends, changing a will Recent worsening of sleep Not sleeping Seeming restless or agitated Think you cannot stop from harming yourself Hear voices telling you to harm yourself Want to commit suicide You know someone who has mentioned wanting to commit suicide
Question: How common is suicide in people with bipolar disorder?
Answer: People with bipolar disorder are at great risk for suicide if they are not getting treatment. The National Mental Health Association reports that 30%-70% of suicide victims have suffered from a form of depression. Men commit almost 75% of suicides, even though twice as many women attempt suicide.
Question: If my cat or dog gets West Nile virus, can I catch the disease from them?
Answer: While cats and dogs can get West Nile infections, they cannot spread the virus to people.
Question: What are the symptoms of West Nile meningitis?
Answer: The symptoms of West Nile meningitis include: Fever Headache Stiff neck The symptoms of West Nile encephalitis include: Changes in consciousness ranging from mild (sluggishness) to severe (mental confusion, convulsions, or coma).
Question: What are the symptoms of West Nile encephalitis?
Answer: The symptoms of West Nile meningitis include: Fever Headache Stiff neck The symptoms of West Nile encephalitis include: Changes in consciousness ranging from mild (sluggishness) to severe (mental confusion, convulsions, or coma). Fever and headache. Neurological symptoms, including paralysis of one or more limbs or palsy, may occur. Tremors and movement problems sometimes occur. Some people with West Nile infection become weak or paralyzed in one or more limbs.
Question: When is the peak season of West Nile virus (WNV)?
Answer: Mosquitoes are most plentiful in late summer. West Nile season usually peaks in August and September. Even in areas where the virus is circulating, very few mosquitoes are infected with the virus.
Question: What should your blood pressure be to control for diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)?
Answer: Readings vary, but most people with diabetes should have a blood pressure of no more than 130/80. The first, or top, number is the "systolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart squeezes and fills the vessels with blood. The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels.
Question: How can high blood pressure (hypertension) affect you?
Answer: Compared to those with normal blood pressure readings, people with hypertension more often have: Coronary artery disease or heart disease Strokes Peripheral vascular disease, hardening of the arteries in the legs and feet Heart failure Even blood pressure that's at the higher end of normal (120/80 to 129/80), called elevated, impacts your health. Studies show that you have a two to three times greater chance of getting heart disease over 10 years.
Question: What should your blood pressure be?
Answer: Readings vary, but most people with diabetes should have a blood pressure of no more than 130/80. The first, or top, number is the "systolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart squeezes and fills the vessels with blood. The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels.
Question: What are the symptoms of high blood pressure (hypertension)?
Answer: Usually, high blood pressure has no symptoms. That's why you need to check your blood pressure regularly. Your doctor will probably measure it at every visit, and you may need to check it at home, too.
Question: How is high blood pressure related to diabetes?
Answer: High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to many complications of diabetes, including diabetic eye disease and kidney disease, or make them worse. Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems. Diabetes damages arteries and makes them targets for hardening, called atherosclerosis. That can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to trouble including blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure.
Question: What can you do to prevent diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)?
Answer: The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. Eat healthy. Keep your weight in a healthy range. Limit how much salt you eat. Visit your doctor regularly.
Question: How is diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) treated?
Answer: Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems. That can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to trouble including blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels. Find out from your doctor what your prescribed medicines might do. Other drugs known commonly as "water pills" or diuretics help your body get rid of extra fluid.