anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?
Answer: Most people have successfully fought it by the time they're 3 or 4 years old. PCP isn't hard to prevent. A healthy immune system can easily control it. But it can make people with weakened immune systems, such as someone with HIV, very sick. People who've gotten an organ transplant, with blood cancers, or who take drugs for autoimmume diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis could get it, too. Although it's rare, PCP can also affect other parts of your body, including lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. However, PCP is still the most common opportunistic infection in persons who get AIDS. Your doctor will get a sample by helping you cough up stuff or by using a special tool called a bronchoscope that goes into your airways through your mouth. Other drugs your doctor might prescribe to fight the infection include: Dapsone ( Aczone), sometimes with pyrimethamine ( Daraprim) Pentamidine ( Nubu Pent, Pentam) that you breathe in through a machine called a nebulizer, maybe in a doctor's office or a clinic ( You could also get a shot if your infection is serious.)
Question: Can you easily feel an irregular heartbeat caused by atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Fact: Some people with AFib -- a quivering or uneven heartbeat -- have no symptoms or they're not very noticeable. You may feel your heart race or flutter, or you might feel dizzy or lightheaded. Some people also feel short of breath, anxious, or more tired than usual. A heart test called an electrocardiogram ( EKG) can help your doctor know if you have it.
Question: Can I have caffeine if I have Afib?
Answer: Fact: One to three cups of coffee or tea a day should be fine. Don't load your coffee with sugar or creamy toppings, though. Those make it harder to control your weight, and obesity can make AFib worse.
Question: What are signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults?
Answer: The signs of hair loss and hair conditions in men may include: Thinning hair on the scalp A receding hairline A horseshoe-shaped pattern that leaves the crown of the head exposed Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in women may include: General hair thinning, especially at the crown of the head Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults may include: Sudden loss of patches of hair Complete loss of all hair on the body Patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Excessive shedding of hair, but not complete baldness, after various illnesses and drug treatments, rapid weight loss, anemia, or stress You or your child have a sudden loss of patches of hair Your child has patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Your child is rubbing or pulling out his or her hair You or your child suffer an unexplained loss of hair on any part of the body
Question: How does hair loss differ in men and women?
Answer: The signs of hair loss and hair conditions in men may include: Thinning hair on the scalp A receding hairline A horseshoe-shaped pattern that leaves the crown of the head exposed Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in women may include: General hair thinning, especially at the crown of the head Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults may include: Sudden loss of patches of hair Complete loss of all hair on the body Patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Excessive shedding of hair, but not complete baldness, after various illnesses and drug treatments, rapid weight loss, anemia, or stress You or your child have a sudden loss of patches of hair Your child has patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Your child is rubbing or pulling out his or her hair You or your child suffer an unexplained loss of hair on any part of the body
Question: How is paraphilia treated?
Answer: Most cases of paraphilia are treated with counseling and therapy to help the person modify his or her behavior. Medications may help to decrease the compulsiveness associated with paraphilia and reduce the number of deviant sexual fantasies and behaviors. In some cases, hormones are prescribed for individuals who experience frequent occurrences of abnormal or dangerous sexual behavior.
Question: What is transvestitism?
Answer: Transvestitism Transvestitism, or transvestic fetishism, refers to the practice by heterosexual males of dressing in female clothes to produce or enhance sexual arousal. The sexual arousal usually does not involve a real partner but includes the fantasy that the individual is the female partner as well. Some men wear only one special piece of female clothing, such as underwear, while others fully dress as female, including hair style and make-up.
Question: What is frotteurism?
Answer: Frotteurism With this problem, the focus of the person's sexual urges is on touching or rubbing his or her genitals against the body of a non-consenting, unfamiliar person. In most cases of frotteurism, a male rubs his genital area against a female, often in a crowded public location. The contact made with the other person is illegal.
Question: What is exhibitionism?
Answer: Exhibitionism (" Flashing") Exhibitionism involves someone exposing his or her genitals to an unsuspecting stranger. The individual with this problem, sometimes called a "flasher," feels a need to surprise, shock, or impress his or her victims. The condition is usually limited to the exposure with no other harmful advances being made. Nevertheless, "indecent exposure" is illegal.
Question: What is sexual masochism?
Answer: Sexual Masochism Individuals with this disorder use the act -- real, not simulated -- of being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer in order to achieve sexual excitement and climax. These acts may be limited to verbal humiliation, or they may involve being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused. Masochists may act out their fantasies on themselves by such acts as cutting or piercing their skin or burning themselves. Or they may seek out a partner who enjoys inflicting pain or humiliation on others.
Question: What causes paraphilia?
Answer: It is not clear what causes paraphilia. Some experts believe it is caused by a childhood trauma, such as sexual abuse. Others suggest that objects or situations can become sexually arousing if they are frequently and repeatedly associated with a pleasurable sexual activity. In most cases, the individual with a paraphilia has difficulty developing personal and sexual relationships with others.
Question: How common are paraphilias?
Answer: Most paraphilias are rare and are about 20 times more common among males than among females. However, the reason for this disparity is not clearly understood. While several of these disorders are associated with aggressive behavior, others are not aggressive or harmful.
Question: What are exclusive pedophiles?
Answer: Sadomasochistic fantasies and activities are not uncommon among consenting adults.
Question: What is voyeurism?
Answer: Voyeurism (" Peeping Tom") This disorder involves achieving sexual arousal by observing an unsuspecting and non-consenting person who is undressing or unclothed or engaged in sexual activity. This behavior may conclude with masturbation by the voyeur. The voyeur does not seek sexual contact with the person he or she is observing.
Question: What are paraphilias?
Answer: Paraphilias are abnormal sexual behaviors or impulses characterized by intense sexual fantasies and urges that keep coming back. The urges and behaviors may involve unusual objects, activities, or situations that are not usually considered sexually arousing by others.
Question: What is pedophilia?
Answer: Pedophilia People with pedophilia have fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve illegal sexual activity with a child or children. The children involved are generally 13 years of age or younger.
Question: What is sexual sadism?
Answer: Sexual Sadism Individuals with this disorder have persistent fantasies in which sexual excitement results from inflicting psychological or physical suffering (including humiliation and terror) on a sexual partner. This disorder is different from minor acts of aggression in normal sexual activity -- for example, rough sex.
Question: When does my baby need an eye exam ASAP?
Answer: During this first year, be on the lookout for signs of eye or vision problems: Strabismus: His eyes aren't aligned and don't move together. Nystagmus: His eyes seem to jump or wiggle around longer than after the first 3 months Any eye injury or physical change that concerns you. Any sign that his sight isn't developing properly.
Question: Why does my baby need all these follow-up exams?
Answer: The eye exam your baby had at birth is a great start -- but it's only a start. If he has problems, you'll want to find them during the first year so treatment can start while his eyes are still developing.
Question: What should a well-baby visit include?
Answer: Every well-baby visit should include: A family history of eye health or vision problems. A penlight exam of eyelids and eyeballs: Are his pupils the same size? Are his eyelids firm, not droopy? Is there any sign of infection, disease, tearing problems, or allergy? Do his eyes, lids, and lashes appear normal? Eye movement check (each eye and both together): How well does your baby follow an object (often a toy) as the doctor moves it about? Both eyes should respond the same. If not, there could be a problem. Light reaction test: You'll take your baby into a darkened room so his pupils can open up. That gives the doctor a better view inside his eyes. The doctor will use a tool to look for a red reflex in your baby's eyes. He'll check them one at a time and then together. An abnormal response could signal problems like cataracts or tumors.
Question: What should the doctor examine my baby for at 6 months of age?
Answer: At every routine doctor visit during the first year, your baby should be checked by his regular pediatrician to make sure: Each eye focuses His eyes are straight He doesn't have an internal eye disease If you catch and treat eye conditions early, you'll spare your child lifelong vision issues and boost his overall health.
Question: What should I do before I get an eye exam for my child?
Answer: Does your baby really need an eye exam in his first year? Check your health plan for a list of eye doctors in your area.
Question: Does my child need an eye exam in his first year?
Answer: If your baby is premature and born in less that 34 weeks, has a family history of cataracts, eye tumors, and other inherited diseases, a specialist should check him while he's still in the hospital nursery. At every routine doctor visit during the first year, your baby should be checked by his regular pediatrician to make sure: Each eye focuses His eyes are straight He doesn't have an internal eye disease If you catch and treat eye conditions early, you'll spare your child lifelong vision issues and boost his overall health. Your baby's doctor (a pediatrician or family doctor) should include a basic eye exam and look for vision problems during each checkup in the first year.
Question: What should I expect for my baby's eye exams during the first year?
Answer: Does your baby really need an eye exam in his first year? Check your health plan for a list of eye doctors in your area. Every well-baby visit should include: A family history of eye health or vision problems. Although most doctors know how to check babies' and children's eyes, yours may suggest your child get another exam, even if he doesn't find vision problems. Experts have different opinions on vision screening for children. Ask your doctor what's right for you.
Question: What is rheumatic fever?
Answer: A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. The main symptoms -- fever, muscle aches, swollen and painful joints, and in some cases, a red, lattice-like rash -- typically begin two to four weeks after a bout of strep. In some cases, though, the infection may have been too mild to have been recognized.
Question: How common is rheumatic fever?
Answer: A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. In recent years, though, it has begun to make a comeback in the U. S., particularly among children living in poor, inner-city neighborhoods. The disease tends to strike most often in cool, damp weather during the winter and early spring. In the U. S., it is most common in the northern states.
Question: What are types of digoxin?
Answer: Types of digoxin include: Digoxin ( Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps, Digitek) Digitoxin ( Crystodigin) Digoxin is usually taken once a day.
Question: What are some general guidelines for taking digoxin?
Answer: While taking this drug, your doctor may tell you to take and record your pulse daily. He or she will tell you how rapid your pulse should be. If your pulse is slower than recommended, contact your doctor about taking digoxin that day. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so your response to the drug can be monitored. You may have electrocardiograms ( ECGs) and blood tests, and your dose may be adjusted. This medication may cause drowsiness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
Question: What diet should you follow while taking digoxin?
Answer: Follow your doctor's dietary advice, which may include: following a low-sodium diet, taking a potassium supplement, or including high-potassium foods (such as bananas and orange juice) in your diet.
Question: What should you be aware of if you are taking diuretics with digoxin?
Answer: If you experience an increase in side effects after taking your medications together, contact your doctor. You may need to change the times you are taking each medication.
Question: What kind of testing is needed before getting allergy shots for asthma, and what kinds of allergens do they cover?
Answer: It will probably involve skin testing, in which a small amount of the allergen is scraped onto or injected under your skin. Allergy shots aren't available for every kind of allergy. Allergy shots for asthma include shots for: Pollen Mold Dander Dust mites Cockroaches Once you and your doctor have discovered which allergens affect you, the next step is to get the shots.
Question: How often can I get allergy shots for asthma?
Answer: Allergy shots for asthma include shots for: Pollen Mold Dander Dust mites Cockroaches Once you and your doctor have discovered which allergens affect you, the next step is to get the shots. The frequency of the injections varies, but you might get them once or twice a week for the first three to six months -- or until you reach the maximum dose. After that, you might only need maintenance injections every two to four weeks. This might continue for three to five years. Although some people feel asthma symptom relief from their allergy injections quickly, it may take up to a year for others. In some people, allergy shots have no effect.
Question: How do allergy shots for asthma work?
Answer: Allergy shots are one type of treatment for asthma that may benefit those with allergies and asthma that is triggered by allergies, called allergic asthma. Also called immunotherapy, allergy shots are not an asthma cure like an injection of antibiotics might cure an infection. Instead, allergy shots work a bit more like a vaccine. Allergy shots for asthma actually contain a very small amount of an allergen (something you're allergic to). Over time, the dose is increased. By exposing you to greater and greater amounts of the allergen, your body is likely to develop a tolerance to it. If the treatment goes well, your allergic reaction will become much less severe. Allergy shots can reduce the symptoms of allergies and prevent the development of asthma.
Question: What are risks of getting allergy shots for asthma?
Answer: It may not be safe for people who have uncontrolled asthma or other health conditions, such as heart disease. It may also not be a good idea for people taking certain medications, such as beta-blockers. Allergy shots for asthma are not used in children who are under age 5. The most common side effects are redness and swelling at the site of the injection. Very rarely, allergy injections can even lead to anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. This is why you should always get these shots in the presence of experts who can control any adverse reactions in the event of an asthma emergency.
Question: How is cancer-related pain typically treated?
Answer: Pain-relieving drugs are the most common treatment option. For mild aches, over-the-counter pain meds such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can work well. But check with your health care team before you take any to make sure they won't affect the way your cancer medicines work. For more severe pain, your doctor may prescribe a prescription painkiller, usually an opioid or narcotic drug like codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone.
Question: What should I do if I am having cancer pain?
Answer: If one approach doesn't work, you and your doctor can try others until you find relief. There are plenty of non-medical ways to ease your aches, too. Or you can use them on their own to get relief. Talk to your doctor or nurse about what you can do to feel better.
Question: Does cancer cause pain?
Answer: It can come from the disease itself, like when a tumor presses on a nerve. Treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation can also cause it. But whatever the reason, there's almost always a way to treat it. You don't have to live with pain either from cancer or from one of your treatments.
Question: Are there nonmedical options for treating cancer-related pain?
Answer: You're more likely to get a good handle on the problem if you tackle it early. There are many different ways to treat pain. You may need to try a few different methods to find one that works for you. And being pain-free can actually make your other cancer treatments more effective.
Question: How common is nerve damage?
Answer: The various types may have different symptoms and may require different types of treatment. It is estimated that about 20 million Americans suffers from peripheral nerve damage. This type of damage becomes increasingly common with age. Up to 70% of people with diabetes have some nerve damage.
Question: What are the types of nerves in the body?
Answer: There are three types of nerves in the body: Autonomic nerves. These nerves control the involuntary or partially voluntary activities of your body, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation. Motor nerves. These nerves control your movements and actions by passing information from your brain and spinal cord to your muscles. Sensory nerves. These nerves relay information from your skin and muscles back to your spinal cord and brain. The information is then processed to let you feel pain and other sensations.
Question: What medications are used to treat nerve damage?
Answer: This may mean: Regulating blood sugar levels for people with diabetes Correcting nutritional deficiencies Changing medications when drugs are causing nerve damage Physical therapy or surgery to address compression or trauma to nerves Medications to treat autoimmune conditions Additionally, your doctor may prescribe medications aimed at minimizing the nerve pain you are feeling. These may include: Pain relievers Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and desipramine ( Norpramin), as well as other antidepressants, including duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Certain anti-seizure drugs Capsaicin cream Complementary and alternative approaches may also help alleviate your nerve pain and discomfort.
Question: How do you know if your nerve damage is caused by drug side effects and toxic substances?
Answer: Various substances that are taken into the body intentionally or unintentionally have the ability to cause nerve pain and nerve damage. These include medications, such as some chemotherapies for cancer and certain drugs used to treat HIV. Toxic substances that may be ingested accidentally, including lead, arsenic, and mercury, may also cause damage to your nerves.
Question: What are symptoms of damage to motor nerves?
Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.
Question: How do you know if your nerve damage is caused by motor neuron diseases?
Answer: The motor neurons are nerves in your brain and spinal column that communicate with the muscles throughout your body. Diseases that affect these nerves, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, can result in progressively worsening nerve damage.
Question: What are other ways to manage nerve pain?
Answer: These may include: Pain relievers Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and desipramine ( Norpramin), as well as other antidepressants, including duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Certain anti-seizure drugs Capsaicin cream Complementary and alternative approaches may also help alleviate your nerve pain and discomfort. These include: Acupuncture Biofeedback Hypnosis Meditation Antioxidant vitamins Electrical nerve stimulation such as TENS
Question: What are symptoms of sensory nerve damage?
Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.
Question: How do autoimmune diseases cause nerve damage?
Answer: A variety of different types of autoimmune diseases can produce symptoms of nerve pain and nerve damage. These include: multiple sclerosis, Guillain- BarrÃ© syndrome (a rare condition in which the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves), myasthenia gravis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Question: Is it possible to have symptoms of nerve damage to different types of nerves?
Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves. For instance, you might experience weakness and burning of your legs at the same time.