anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can you lower your chances of getting diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Studies have shown that maintaining near-normal blood sugar can decrease the chance of developing retinopathy and can help keep existing retinopathy from getting worse. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.
Question: How can diabetic retinopathy be detected early?
Answer: Routine screening offers the best hope for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. People with type 1 diabetes should have a complete eye exam within five years of diagnosis; those with type 2 should have an eye exam at the time their diabetes is diagnosed. After these initial exams, all people with diabetes should have an eye exam at least once a year.
Question: Does treatment for diabetic retinopathy restore lost vision?
Answer: Although both of these treatments can be very effective, your expectations for either treatment should be realistic. Typically laser or surgical treatment will not restore lost vision; however, treatment can prevent any additional loss of eyesight. If you already have vision loss, your doctor can counsel you about options for visual rehabilitation.
Question: What exams can help to diagnose diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. To get a better look at the inside of the eye, your doctor might administer drops to dilate your pupils and will then view the retina with lenses and a special light called a slit lamp.
Question: Are there complications of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Rare complications of treatment may include blurred vision, headache, glaucoma, difficulty seeing in the dark, decreased peripheral and color vision, and bleeding. In most cases when treatment is recommended, the benefits outweigh the risks.
Question: Can I get retinopathy if I have gestational diabetes?
Answer: Women who suddenly develop diabetes during a pregnancy (gestational diabetes) are not at risk of developing retinopathy during the pregnancy.
Question: What raises your chances of getting diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity can all promote diabetic retinopathy and should be treated. Smoking is also a culprit: Consult with your doctor about methods for quitting. Never ignore the symptoms of infection, which can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery can affect existing retinopathy, too, so discuss the timing of treatments for retinopathy and cataracts with your doctor.
Question: How can I be treated for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Treatment for diabetic retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. Your medical doctor can help you better control blood sugar and can treat other complications of diabetes that may worsen diabetic retinopathy, such as impaired kidney or heart function.
Question: What causes macular edema?
Answer: Frequently, fluid accumulates in the part of the retina used in tasks such as reading; this condition is called macular edema.
Question: What is checked in an eye exam if you have diabetes?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function.
Question: When should you call your doctor about diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar. You have vision loss and would like to discuss options for improving your vision.
Question: How often should I get an eye exam if I am having a baby and have diabetes?
Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams.
Question: What does diabetic retinopathy affect?
Answer: High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity can all promote diabetic retinopathy and should be treated. Smoking is also a culprit: Consult with your doctor about methods for quitting. Never ignore the symptoms of infection, which can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery can affect existing retinopathy, too, so discuss the timing of treatments for retinopathy and cataracts with your doctor.
Question: How do doctors test for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. For this test, the doctor injects a fluorescent yellow dye into one of your veins and then photographs your retina as the dye outlines the blood vessels.
Question: How can I decrease the chances of developing diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Studies have shown that maintaining near-normal blood sugar can decrease the chance of developing retinopathy and can help keep existing retinopathy from getting worse. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.
Question: What is neovascularization?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma.
Question: Are there drugs or surgeries that can prevent diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.
Question: How does laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy work?
Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.
Question: How can I decrease the chances of diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.
Question: Are there any complications of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Rare complications of treatment may include blurred vision, headache, glaucoma, difficulty seeing in the dark, decreased peripheral and color vision, and bleeding. In most cases when treatment is recommended, the benefits outweigh the risks.
Question: What happens in an eye exam for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: When you visit an ophthalmologist, he or she will question you about your medical history and vision and will ask you to read an eye chart. Treatment for diabetic retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor.
Question: What causes diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. The vitreous fluid is then replaced with a substitute fluid.
Question: What treatments are available for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.
Question: Does pregnancy affect diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy.
Question: What causes advanced diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: In advanced cases, the retina is robbed of its blood supply and grows new, but defective, vessels -- a process called neovascularization. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision.
Question: How much treatments do I need to treat diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.
Question: Is diabetic retinopathy preventable?
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy can be minimized with a combination of strict blood sugar control and routine screening with eye exams -- though even with optimal medical care, it is not always possible to prevent or slow retinal damage. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar.
Question: How can I be tested for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. It's not always easy to stick to the disciplined lifestyle necessary to control your blood sugar; don't hesitate to tell your doctor if you need extra support to adhere to his guidelines. After these initial exams, all people with diabetes should have an eye exam at least once a year.
Question: Can diabetic retinopathy be directly treated?
Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your ophthalmologist can directly treat retinopathy with a laser or a surgical procedure called vitrectomy, to prevent further vascular changes and preserve vision. Don't be surprised if your doctor recommends one of these treatments before you notice any vision problems: Before problems start is usually the best time for treatment. Your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings depending on the severity of retinal damage and on other diabetes complications you have.
Question: How often should you be tested for high triglycerides?
Answer: Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years. Children should have it done at least once between the ages of 9 and 11, and one more between 17 and 21. If you're making changes to your diet or taking a medication for high cholesterol or triglycerides, experts advise you to get a lipid profile afterward.
Question: What do triglycerides results mean?
Answer: Your triglyceride levels are measured in one of two ways: milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or millimoles per liter (mmol/ L). Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years.
Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) treated?
Answer: When treatment is sought, behavioral therapy or psychotherapy in individual or group settings may help. Doctors sometimes use certain psychiatric medications like mood stabilizers or some atypical antipsychotics to treat symptoms like impulsive aggression. The FDA has not approved any medications specifically for antisocial personality disorder.
Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosed?
Answer: To be diagnosed with ASPD, a person would have to have shown symptoms before age 15. A diagnosis can't be made until age 18, though. Symptoms are usually at their worst during a person's late teenage years and in their 20s, but may improve on their own over time. The disorder is hard to treat. People with ASPD rarely seek help on their own, because they often think they don't need it.
Question: What conditions are related to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?
Answer: ASPD makes people uncaring. Modern diagnostic systems consider ASPD to include two related but not identical conditions: A "psychopath" is someone whose hurtful actions toward others tend to reflect calculation, manipulation and cunning; they also tend not to feel emotion and mimic (rather than experience) empathy for others. By contrast, "sociopaths" are somewhat more able to form attachments to others but still disregard social rules; they tend to be more impulsive, haphazard, and easily agitated than people with psychopathy.
Question: How long does a spinal x-ray last?
Answer: An X-ray takes about 5 minutes to complete. But you may in the room for longer, depending on how many images and views your doctor needs. When your X-ray session is done, the technician will process the images. He may ask you to wait a few minutes to make sure the pictures are clear.
Question: What is a rare complication of impetigo?
Answer: The most common cause of impetigo is bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus.
Question: What are causes of impetigo?
Answer: A rare complication of impetigo is a severe kidney disease called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The most common cause of impetigo is bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. Another bacteria source is group A streptococcus. These bacteria lurk everywhere. The most common way for your child to get impetigo is when he has contact with someone who has the infection, such as playing contact sports like wrestling. It's especially easy to pick it up if your kid has an open wound or a fresh scratch. You can also catch impetigo if you share the same clothes, bedding, towels, or other objects with someone with the infection. Your child is more likely to get impetigo if he has other skin problems, such as eczema, body lice, insect bites, or fungal infections.
Question: What is impetigo?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If your child gets red sores, especially around the nose and mouth, he could have impetigo. It's a skin infection caused by a bacteria, and it spreads easily. It's most common in babies and young children, but adults can get it too.
Question: Do you need allergy shots for insect sting allergies?
Answer: Insect sting allergies: Again, the best thing is to try to avoid getting stung. But allergy shots can make a reaction less severe. If you're highly allergic and anaphylaxis is a possibility, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit with an epinephrine shot. Carry two with you at all times if your doctor prescribes them. Use one in case of an emergency, then call 911.
Question: Which over-the-counter antihistamines can help with treating allergies?
Answer: Antihistamines , which you can get over the counter, block the effects of chemicals your body makes that cause the allergic reactions.
Question: How do results of allergy tests vary?
Answer: Results can differ from one test or one lab to another. Your doctor can help figure out which tests are best for you and help you understand what the results mean.
Question: What helps if you have food allergies?
Answer: Food allergies: Your best bet is to stay away from the problem food. If your reaction is mild -- the food makes you itch or makes your eyes water -- antihistamines or topical creams might be all you need. If you're highly allergic and likely to go into anaphylactic shock, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit and show you how to use it. Keep two with you at all times. They contain a preloaded epinephrine shot. If you think you're having an emergency, don't wait to take it. Then call 911.
Question: How can an epinephrine shot help with treating allergies?
Answer: If you're highly allergic and anaphylaxis is a possibility, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit with an epinephrine shot.
Question: What is the most common test for allergies?
Answer: The most common test for respiratory, penicillin, insect sting, skin, and food allergies is a skin prick or scratch test. The doctor scratches a small amount of the allergen into your skin and watches for swelling, itchiness, and redness in that area. Other tests look for signs in the blood that are linked to allergies.
Question: How can allergy shots help with treating allergies?
Answer: Allergy shots -- also called immunotherapy or allergy desensitization therapy -- may help ease attacks. You'll get small amounts of things that trigger your symptoms, like pollen. They'll help your body get used to that allergen. It may take a year before they really start to work.
Question: How can antihistamines help with treating allergies?
Answer: Antihistamines , which you can get over the counter, block the effects of chemicals your body makes that cause the allergic reactions.
Question: Is adrenal fatigue real?
Answer: Do you crave salty foods? Maybe you've been to several doctors and none of them can say what's wrong with you. If you see a naturopathic (a system of alternative medicine based on the theory that diseases can be successfully treated or prevented without the use of drugs, by techniques such as control of diet, exercise, and massage) or a complementary (non-mainstream) medicine doctor, they might say that you have adrenal fatigue. Yet most traditional doctors say this condition isn't real.
Question: What is the theory behind adrenal fatigue?
Answer: Your body's immune system responds by revving up when you're under stress. Your adrenal glands, which are small organs above your kidneys, respond to stress by releasing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones are part of your "fight or flight" response. They increase your blood pressure and your heart rate. According to the theory, if you have long-term stress (like the death of a family member or a serious illness), your adrenal glands burn out from prolonged production of cortisol. So adrenal fatigue sets in. There's no approved test for adrenal fatigue. Blood tests can't detect a small drop in adrenal production.
Question: What is the treatment for adrenal fatigue?
Answer: The suggested treatments for healthy adrenal function are a diet low in sugar, caffeine, and junk food, and âtargeted nutritional supplementationâ that includes vitamins and minerals: Vitamins B5, B6, and B12 Vitamin C Magnesium There's no science to back it up.
Question: Is adrenal fatigue a myth?
Answer: The suggested treatments for healthy adrenal function are a diet low in sugar, caffeine, and junk food, and âtargeted nutritional supplementationâ that includes vitamins and minerals: Vitamins B5, B6, and B12 Vitamin C Magnesium There's no science to back it up. The Endocrine Society, the world's largest organization of endocrinologists (people who research and treat patients with diseases related to glands and hormones), flatly says that adrenal fatigue is not a real disease. And it says the symptoms of adrenal fatigue are so general, they can apply to many diseases or conditions (depression, sleep apnea, fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, or many other conditions) or stem from everyday life. And the society says some of the treatments can be dangerous. Improving your diet will probably make you feel better, no matter what ailment you have, but taking unidentified supplements to help your body produce extra cortisol if you don't need them may cause your adrenal glands to stop working, it warns.
Question: What is adrenal fatigue?
Answer: The term "adrenal fatigue" was coined in 1998 by James Wilson, Ph D, a naturopath and expert in alternative medicine. He describes it as a "group of related signs and symptoms (a syndrome) that results when the adrenal glands function below the necessary level." He says it's usually associated with intense stress and often follows chronic infections like bronchitis, flu, or pneumonia. Wilson says people with it may not have any physical signs of illness but still may feel tired, "gray," and have fatigue that doesn't get better with sleep. They also crave salty snacks.
Question: What are some hormonal imbalances of pancreatic cancer?
Answer: A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.
Question: What symptoms of pancreatic cancer may arise as the cancer progresses?
Answer: Symptoms that may arise include: Significant weight loss accompanied by abdominal pain -- the most likely warning signs. Vague but gradually worsening abdominal pain that may decrease when leaning forward and increase when lying down. Pain is often severe at night and may radiate to the lower back. Digestive or bowel complaints such as diarrhea, constipation, gas pains, bloating, or belching. Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Jaundice, which is usually painless and is indicated by yellowish discoloration of the skin and eye whites, very dark urine, and light-colored stools. Sudden onset of glucose tolerance disorder, such as diabetes. Black or bloody stool, indicating bleeding from the digestive tract. Overall weakness. Enlarged liver and gallbladder. Itching. Blood clots in the legs. Mental status changes, such as a new onset of depression.
Question: What are symptoms of hormonal imbalances caused by pancreatic cancer?
Answer: A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.
Question: Why is pancreatic cancer usually not detected until late?
Answer: Because signs and symptoms of most pancreatic cancer may be mistaken for less-serious digestive problems, the disease is rarely detected before it has spread to nearby tissues or distant organs via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.