anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can talk therapy help treat adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Answer: For most people, it's a combination of medicine and talk therapy. Talk therapy can help you and your family members learn more about how ADHD works and how to better deal with the problems it can create. There are many types of talk therapy. Two common ones for ADHD are: Cognitive behavioral therapy. You learn to change your thoughts and actions in a way that gives you more control over your life. It can help with challenges in school, work, and relationships. And it's used to address issues like substance abuse and depression. Marriage counseling and family therapy. You and your family members learn how to communicate better and spot patterns that may cause issues. The counseling can help loved ones understand that the problems aren't simply about your being messy or forgetful.
Question: How do antidepressants help in treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Answer: These are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. Antidepressants. Your doctor might recommend it if you have a substance abuse problem or mood disorder, as well as ADHD.
Question: What are common side effects of stimulants for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Answer: These are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. Usually, you start at a low dose. You may be able to manage your side effects by changing the dose or time of day you take it. Common side effects include: Anorexia or loss of appetite Anxiety or panic Dry mouth Headache Jitteriness Moodiness Slight increase in blood pressure and pulse Trouble sleeping Stimulants are effective, but they're not for everyone.
Question: What are healthy sleep habits?
Answer: Go to sleep and wake up at about the same times every day. Try to get 7-8 hours of shut-eye per night. Don't eat a big meal close to your bedtime. Take your computer and TV out of your bedroom. Put your smartphone in a drawer, so the screen light doesn't keep you up. Exercise most days this week. Start a sleep diary. Write down how well and how long you rest. Don't drink alcohol at night.
Question: How can I prevent allergy when I am traveling?
Answer: Pack your allergy meds in your carry-on bag. Saline nasal spray can be especially helpful on planes and in hotel rooms where the air is dry. Bring an extra supply of medication in case you need them. Ask for a non- smoking room. Ask for non-allergenic pillows. Or bring your own hypoallergenic pillow cover from home. If possible, keep the vent on the room air conditioner shut. Eat in smoke-free restaurants.
Question: How can I prevent allergies when I'm outside?
Answer: Stay indoors as much as possible on hot, dry, windy days, when pollen counts tend to be highest. Wear a mask (like a low-cost painter's mask) when mowing the lawn if you're allergic to grass pollen or mold. Wear a mask when gardening if pollen bothers you. Avoid raking leaves or working with hay or mulch if you're allergic to mold. After being outdoors, take a shower, wash your hair, and change your clothes to remove pollen. To protect yourself from insect stings , wear shoes, long pants, and sleeves. Don't wear scented deodorants, perfumes, shampoos, or hair products. Don't hang clothes or linens outdoors to dry.
Question: How is multiple sclerosis (MS) disability rated?
Answer: It also involves observation of functions like these: Weakness or trouble moving limbs Tremor or loss of coordination Problems with speech, swallowing, or involuntary eye movements Numbness or loss of sensation Bowel and bladder function Visual function Mental functions With the help of the FSS, the examiner rates your disability on the EDSS scale. It ranges from 0 to 10, with half points for greater specificity. Lower numbers indicate less severe disability. Higher numbers reflect a greater degree of disability, mostly in relation to mobility: 0 = Normal 1-1.5 = No disability, but some abnormal neurological signs 2-2.5 = Minimal disability 3-4.5 = Moderate disability, affecting daily activities, but you can still walk 5-8 = More severe disability, impairing your daily activities and requiring assistance with walking 8.5-9.5 = Very severe disability, restricting you to bed 10 = Death It's important to recognize that a one-point change at the lower end of the scale reflects more subtle changes than at the upper end of the scale. For example, a one-point change between 2 and 3 is not as great a progression of disability as between 8 and 9.
Question: How is the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) used to measure disability?
Answer: The MSFC is a newer measurement system. It is sensitive to changes other than mobility. Although office staff can administer it, the MSFC takes more time to do, so it is currently used less in clinical practice and more for clinical trials. Computer-based tests are being developed, however, which may make it easier to use in the future. Here's what the MSFC measures: Walking speed, using a timed 25-foot walk Arm and hand dexterity, using a nine-hole peg test Cognitive function, such as how well you can do math calculations, using the Paced Auditory Serial Additions Test ( PASAT) A wide range of other measures is used to assess multiple sclerosis disability.
Question: How does multiple sclerosis (MS) progression vary?
Answer: Multiple sclerosis progression varies from person to person. And, the various MS types of disease progress in different ways, too. Scans and other multiple sclerosis tests don't always tell the whole story about MS disability; signs and symptoms and how well you are functioning each day -- from seeing to moving to thinking -- are also important measures of how well your central nervous system is working.
Question: What specific aspects of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) do other scales measure?
Answer: For example, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life questionnaire asks you questions about your: Physical, cognitive, social, and sexual function Limitations due to physical or emotional problems Perceptions about your health Pain Energy Overall quality of life Emotional health Other scales measure specific aspects of disability such as: Bladder or bowel control Visual impairment Fatigue Mental health Pain Additional tests may help with measuring MS progression in the future. Work closely with your neurologist to determine which tests are recommended.
Question: How are disease steps (DS) used to measure multiple sclerosis (MS) disability?
Answer: This is a simple way to measure MS disability, mainly based on your ability to walk. Doctors use it as a way to know when to begin therapy and to tell how you are responding to therapy. Scores range from 0, which is normal, to 6, which means you are unable to walk at all. To establish the rating, you walk 25 feet. In addition, the doctor takes a medical history and performs both physical and neurological exams. Altogether, the time needed to create the rating is no more than about 30 minutes.
Question: What are other measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) disability?
Answer: Here's what the MSFC measures: Walking speed, using a timed 25-foot walk Arm and hand dexterity, using a nine-hole peg test Cognitive function, such as how well you can do math calculations, using the Paced Auditory Serial Additions Test ( PASAT) A wide range of other measures is used to assess multiple sclerosis disability. In many cases, these are simple questionnaires. For example, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life questionnaire asks you questions about your: Physical, cognitive, social, and sexual function Limitations due to physical or emotional problems Perceptions about your health Pain Energy Overall quality of life Emotional health Other scales measure specific aspects of disability such as: Bladder or bowel control Visual impairment Fatigue Mental health Pain Additional tests may help with measuring MS progression in the future.
Question: What is the functional system score for multiple sclerosis?
Answer: On a scale of 0 to 6, FSS measures how well your major central nervous systems are working and assigns a score to your disability. This incorporates information about your gait and use of assistive devices. It also involves observation of functions like these: Weakness or trouble moving limbs Tremor or loss of coordination Problems with speech, swallowing, or involuntary eye movements Numbness or loss of sensation Bowel and bladder function Visual function Mental functions With the help of the FSS, the examiner rates your disability on the EDSS scale.
Question: How is the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) used to measure multiple sclerosis (MS) disability?
Answer: The EDSS focuses mainly on your ability to walk. It is a less sensitive measure of other types of multiple sclerosis disability. It takes about 30 minutes to create a score. Then a few minutes are needed to establish the ratings in the EDSS scale.
Question: How is the functional system score (FSS) used to measure multiple sclerosis (MS) disability?
Answer: On a scale of 0 to 6, FSS measures how well your major central nervous systems are working and assigns a score to your disability. This incorporates information about your gait and use of assistive devices. It also involves observation of functions like these: Weakness or trouble moving limbs Tremor or loss of coordination Problems with speech, swallowing, or involuntary eye movements Numbness or loss of sensation Bowel and bladder function Visual function Mental functions With the help of the FSS, the examiner rates your disability on the EDSS scale.
Question: What is the ranking system for the EDSS scale for multiple sclerosis?
Answer: It also involves observation of functions like these: Weakness or trouble moving limbs Tremor or loss of coordination Problems with speech, swallowing, or involuntary eye movements Numbness or loss of sensation Bowel and bladder function Visual function Mental functions With the help of the FSS, the examiner rates your disability on the EDSS scale. It ranges from 0 to 10, with half points for greater specificity. Lower numbers indicate less severe disability. Higher numbers reflect a greater degree of disability, mostly in relation to mobility: 0 = Normal 1-1.5 = No disability, but some abnormal neurological signs 2-2.5 = Minimal disability 3-4.5 = Moderate disability, affecting daily activities, but you can still walk 5-8 = More severe disability, impairing your daily activities and requiring assistance with walking 8.5-9.5 = Very severe disability, restricting you to bed 10 = Death It's important to recognize that a one-point change at the lower end of the scale reflects more subtle changes than at the upper end of the scale. For example, a one-point change between 2 and 3 is not as great a progression of disability as between 8 and 9.
Question: What is the multiple sclerosis progression expanded disability status scale?
Answer: The EDSS focuses mainly on your ability to walk. It is a less sensitive measure of other types of multiple sclerosis disability. It takes about 30 minutes to create a score. Then a few minutes are needed to establish the ratings in the EDSS scale.
Question: Does multiple sclerosis progression vary from person to person?
Answer: Multiple sclerosis progression varies from person to person. And, the various MS types of disease progress in different ways, too. Scans and other multiple sclerosis tests don't always tell the whole story about MS disability; signs and symptoms and how well you are functioning each day -- from seeing to moving to thinking -- are also important measures of how well your central nervous system is working. That's why a variety of tools are useful in assessing multiple sclerosis disability. These help you and your doctor gauge whether your MS is improving, progressing, or staying about the same. Doctors also use these measures in clinical studies. This helps to see how well multiple sclerosis treatment is working.
Question: What are measures that are used to assess multiple sclerosis disability?
Answer: Doctors also use these measures in clinical studies. In many cases, these are simple questionnaires. For example, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life questionnaire asks you questions about your: Physical, cognitive, social, and sexual function Limitations due to physical or emotional problems Perceptions about your health Pain Energy Overall quality of life Emotional health Other scales measure specific aspects of disability such as: Bladder or bowel control Visual impairment Fatigue Mental health Pain Additional tests may help with measuring MS progression in the future.
Question: What are the disease steps (DS) of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: The EDSS focuses mainly on your ability to walk. Doctors use it as a way to know when to begin therapy and to tell how you are responding to therapy. Scores range from 0, which is normal, to 6, which means you are unable to walk at all. To establish the rating, you walk 25 feet. In addition, the doctor takes a medical history and performs both physical and neurological exams. Altogether, the time needed to create the rating is no more than about 30 minutes.
Question: What happens when you have a stroke on the left side of your brain?
Answer: With a stroke on the right side of your brain, you might have: Problems judging distances and picking things up Trouble reading facial expressions or tone of voice Weakness or paralysis on your left side With a stroke on the left side of your brain, you might have: Slurred speech Trouble getting your words out or understanding others Weakness or paralysis on your right side
Question: What is a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?
Answer: Subarachnoid hemorrhage: This is when a blood vessel around your brain bursts or leaks. It bleeds into the area between your brain and the tissue around it (the subarachnoid space). Like with an intracerebral hemorrhage, brain cells are damaged by lack of oxygen and added pressure. The more blood there is, the more pressure, and the more damage.
Question: What happens when you have a stroke on the right side of your brain?
Answer: With a stroke on the right side of your brain, you might have: Problems judging distances and picking things up Trouble reading facial expressions or tone of voice Weakness or paralysis on your left side With a stroke on the left side of your brain, you might have: Slurred speech Trouble getting your words out or understanding others Weakness or paralysis on your right side
Question: What is a thrombotic stroke?
Answer: This one's also caused by a clot in your brain. This time, a clot or blockage forms in one of the arteries that moves blood through your brain. Brain cells begin to die because blood flow is blocked.
Question: What is an embolic stroke?
Answer: In this case, a clot forms in some part of your body, often your heart, and starts floating through your blood vessels. Or a piece of plaque (a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances in your arteries) might break off and move along in your blood. Eventually, the clot or chunk of plaque gets wedged in a small blood vessel in your brain. Once it's stuck, blood flow to that area stops.
Question: What is an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke?
Answer: Intracerebral hemorrhage: With this type, a blood vessel inside your brain bursts or leaks, and that affects how much oxygen your brain gets. So as blood starts to build up, it puts pressure on your brain, and that can cause damage, too. And as blood spreads through your brain, it can block nerve cells and keep them from sending messages to other parts of your body. That can affect how well you remember, speak, and move.
Question: Do I need to do anything to prepare for an estrogen test?
Answer: A man might have an estrogen test to: Check on whether puberty is delayed Diagnose enlarged male breasts, a condition with doctors call gynecomastia Find if high estrogen levels are due to low levels of testosterone or androgen --two key hormones in men Find tumors that make estrogen You don't need to do anything special to prepare for an estrogen test. You don't need to stop eating or drinking anything before it as you do with some types of blood tests. But before the test, you should tell your doctor about all the medications and supplements you take. It's especially important to tell your doctor if you take birth control pills or hormone therapy, which may affect the test results.
Question: What happens during an estrogen test?
Answer: An estrogen test measures any of three forms of the hormone: Estrone ( E1) Estradiol ( E2) Estriol ( E3) A test for one type may be called an âestrone testâ or an â E1 test,â for example. During the test, your doctor or another health care professional will take a little blood from a vein in your arm. A lab will then test that blood sample.
Question: How are denture adhesives applied?
Answer: Apply less than you think you need, and then gradually increase the amount until you feel comfortable. Distribute the adhesive evenly on the tissue bearing surface of the denture. Apply or reapply when necessary to provide the desired effect. Always apply the adhesive to a thoroughly clean denture. Remember adhesives work best with a well-fitting denture.
Question: Will dentures change how I speak?
Answer: After getting dentures, you may have difficulty pronouncing certain words. If so, practice by saying the difficult words out loud. With practice and with time you will become accustomed to speaking properly with dentures. If dentures "click" while you're talking, contact your dentist. Dentures may occasionally slip when you laugh, cough, or smile. Reposition the dentures by gently biting down and swallowing. If any speaking problem persists, consult your dentist or prosthodontist.
Question: Are there alternatives to dentures?
Answer: Yes, dental implants can be used to support cemented bridges, eliminating the need for a denture. The cost is usually greater, but the implants and bridges more closely resemble the feel of real teeth.
Question: Will eating with new dentures be difficult?
Answer: Eating with new dentures will take a little practice and may be uncomfortable for some wearers for a few weeks. To get used to the new denture, start with soft foods cut into small pieces. Chew slowly using both sides of your mouth. As you get used to new dentures, add other foods until you return to a normal diet. Be cautious with hot or hard foods and sharp-edged bones or shells. And, avoid foods that are extremely sticky or hard.
Question: Are denture adhesives safe?
Answer: Dental adhesives are safe as long as they are used as directed. If the denture is well-fitting and the adhesive is only used to give added stability, there should be no ill effects. If adhesives are used excessively to fill voids for an ill-fitting denture, they can be harmful to the underlying soft and hard tissues. Occasionally, in these cases, inflammation of the soft tissues can result. In addition, because of its movement on the soft tissue and underlying bone, an ill-fitting denture can cause bone loss.
Question: What are the types of denture adhesives?
Answer: Paste application. Apply this denture adhesive to a dry or preferably wet denture. Avoid placing adhesive close to the denture borders. For dentures on the upper jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- along the ridge area and one down the center. For dentures on the lower jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- in the center of the ridge area. Sprinkle a thin, uniform layer throughout the tissue-bearing surface of the denture. Shake off excess powder and press the denture into place. Powders may be preferred over pastes because they are easier to clean off the denture and tissue.
Question: What do new dentures feel like?
Answer: Cast a final denture Adjustments will be made as necessary New dentures may feel a little odd or loose for a few weeks until the muscles of the cheeks and tongue learn to keep them in place and you get comfortable inserting and removing them. Also, it is not unusual for minor irritation or soreness to occur and for saliva flow to increase when you first start wearing dentures, but these problems will diminish as the mouth adjusts. You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.
Question: When shouldn't you use denture adhesives?
Answer: Made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has begun to heal, a conventional denture is ready for placement in the mouth about eight to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed. There are situations when denture adhesives should not be used. Those cases include: When it is used as a "fix" for ill-fitting or poorly constructed dentures. When a dentist has not evaluated dentures for a long time. These developments may indicate the need for a denture adjustment or new dentures. Apply less than you think you need, and then gradually increase the amount until you feel comfortable.
Question: Does insurance cover the cost of dentures?
Answer: However, contact your company to find out the specifics of what they will cover. For dentures on the lower jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- in the center of the ridge area.
Question: What are complete dentures?
Answer: Two types of dentures are available -- complete and partial dentures. Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain. Complete dentures can be either "conventional" or "immediate." You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.
Question: Will dentures make me look different?
Answer: Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain. In fact, dentures may even improve your smile and fill out your facial appearance. You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.
Question: When should you seek medical care for myxedema coma?
Answer: People who have hypothyroidism and develop fever, changes in behavior or mental status, shortness of breath, or increased swelling of the hands and feet should be taken to an emergency department.
Question: How can myxedema coma be prevented?
Answer: People with myxedema coma are in a coma or nearly in a coma.
Question: What are treatments for myxedema coma?
Answer: Intravenous fluids Electrolytes replacement as necessary Thyroid hormones are usually administered through a vein (intravenously or IV) to quickly correct the low thyroid hormone blood level. Oral thyroid hormone is usually not used for severe myxedema because it may take days or weeks to obtain the proper blood level, and swallowing pills may not be safe. Intravenous cortisol or other adrenal cortical hormone Warming blanket if body temperature is low Glucose supplements if the blood sugar level is low Antibiotics if an infection is present Following the start of treatment, careful monitoring, usually in the intensive care unit, is necessary.
Question: How can blood tests help in the diagnosis of myxedema coma?
Answer: Blood tests are performed to check blood cell count, electrolytes, sugar, and thyroid hormone levels. Tests are also performed to evaluate how the liver and adrenal glands are functioning.
Question: What are symptoms of myxedema coma?
Answer: If you have severe hypothyroidism, then any of the following can contribute to myxedema coma: Infections, especially lung and urine infections Heart failure Stroke Trauma Surgery Drugs, such as phenothiazines, amiodarone, lithium, and tranquilizers, and prolonged iodide use Not taking prescribed thyroid medications Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include the following: Weakness Confusion or non-responsiveness Feeling cold Low body temperature Swelling of the body, especially the face, tongue, and lower legs Difficulty breathing People who have myxedema coma are in or near a coma and not able to function normally. In the emergency room, they may be treated for shock, low blood pressure, hypothermia, and electrolyte abnormalities.