anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How widespread is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: In fact, about 30% of new HIV infections every year are transmitted by people who haven't been diagnosed. It's a good idea to be tested so you can know for sure. A negative result can remind you how important it is for you or your partner to wear a condom -- especially when you consider that 1 in 8 people with the virus don't know they have HIV.
Question: When should you call your doctor about back pain?
Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord. Seek immediate medical help. The pain in your back extends downward along the back of the leg; you may be suffering from sciatica. The pain increases when you cough or bend forward at the waist; this can be the sign of a herniated disc. The pain is accompanied by fever, burning during urination, or frequent and/or urgent urination. You may have an infection. You begin to have problems controlling your bowels or bladder; seek immediate medical help.
Question: What should you know about back pain?
Answer: Most people have experienced back pain sometime in their lives. The causes of back pain are numerous; some are self-inflicted due to a lifetime of bad habits. Other back pain causes include accidents, muscle strains, and sports injuries. Although the causes may be different, most often they share the same symptoms.
Question: What are the symptoms of back pain?
Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord.
Question: What are warnings that could mean a serious back pain problem?
Answer: Other "red flags" that could point to a serious back pain problem include: A history of cancer Unintentional weight loss You have been on steroids or medication that weakens your immune system A history of trauma Pain that is getting worse and does not get better after you rest Pain that has lasted more than a month Nighttime pain Unresponsive to earlier back pain therapies A history of IV drug use
Question: How are osmotic laxatives used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Osmotic laxatives include lactulose, which is prescribed by a doctor, and polyethylene glycol ( Miralax), which you can buy over the counter. They pull water back into the colon to soften stool. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation. They may actually make other symptoms worse. Side effects include diarrhea, dehydration, and bloating. Osmotics are considered fairly safe for long-term use for some people with IBS- C, but talk it over with your doctor before you use them regularly.
Question: Do people manage their irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) symptoms by changing their diet?
Answer: Here are some common treatment strategies to discuss with your doctor: Many people manage their symptoms by changing what they eat.
Question: Are antispasmodic drugs used to treat IBS?
Answer: Antispasmodics Antispasmodic drugs such as dicyclomine ( Bentyl) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin) relieve the stomach cramps brought on by IBS by relaxing the smooth muscle of the gut. But they also may cause constipation, so they aren't usually prescribed for people who suffer IBS- C. Other side effects are dry mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision.
Question: Do I need a doctor to treat my IBS-C?
Answer: It's also to soothe the stomachaches, pain, and bloating that are also common symptoms of IBS- C. Don't try to treat yourself without talking with your doctor. You need to be sure IBS- C is the cause of your symptoms. And there are health risks that come with taking laxatives and supplements regularly.
Question: How can I figure out which treatment is right for my IBS-C?
Answer: You may need to try several different therapies, or different combinations, before you find what works. Also, your symptoms may change with treatment. You may feel constipated and swollen now, have diarrhea and cramping in a few weeks, and then go back to being constipated. With proper treatment -- and some patience -- you can manage your IBS- C symptoms and lead an active life.
Question: Which beverages should I avoid if I have IBS?
Answer: Another good idea: Stay away from coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol. They can slow down your stools.
Question: What alternative treatments are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Some people find alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbs relieve their symptoms. But there isn't much scientific evidence that these therapies work for IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS- C, talk with your doctors first. Some herbs can affect how other medications work.
Question: Would a symptom journal help me treat my IBS-C?
Answer: Keep a symptom journal to figure out which foods your system can handle. Just jot down your IBS symptoms, then note the type and amount of foods you ate during the meals before the symptoms started.
Question: What are stimulant laxatives?
Answer: Stimulant laxatives include bisacodyl ( Correctol, Dulcolax), sennosides ( Ex- Lax, Senokot), castor oil, and the plant cascara. With these laxatives, the active ingredient triggers muscles in the bowels to contract, moving stool through. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications. Over time, senna can damage nerves in the colon wall, and the drugs may stop working.
Question: How are stimulant laxatives used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Stimulant laxatives include bisacodyl ( Correctol, Dulcolax), sennosides ( Ex- Lax, Senokot), castor oil, and the plant cascara. With these laxatives, the active ingredient triggers muscles in the bowels to contract, moving stool through. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications. Over time, senna can damage nerves in the colon wall, and the drugs may stop working.
Question: What antidepressants are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe you a low dose of antidepressants for your IBS. This doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. Antidepressants can block the brain's perception of pain in the gut. For IBS- C, your doctor may prescribe small doses of an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressant, such as citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft). Their side effects may include nausea, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.
Question: What's the best way to treat IBS-C?
Answer: There's no single, best approach to treating IBS- C. Often, people use a mix of therapies to get relief. They can include changes in diet, exercise, stress management, and medication.
Question: What alternative treatments are used to treat IBS or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) ?
Answer: Some people find alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbs relieve their symptoms. But there isn't much scientific evidence that these therapies work for IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS- C, talk with your doctors first. Some herbs can affect how other medications work.
Question: How can you prevent IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Another good idea: Stay away from coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol. They can slow down your stools. So can processed foods such as chips, cookies, and white bread and rice. Keep a symptom journal to figure out which foods your system can handle. Just jot down your IBS symptoms, then note the type and amount of foods you ate during the meals before the symptoms started.
Question: Other than fiber, which foods help loosen bowels?
Answer: Dried plums, prune juice, ground flaxseed, and water also help loosen bowels.
Question: Are antidepressants used to treat IBS-C?
Answer: Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe you a low dose of antidepressants for your IBS. This doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. Antidepressants can block the brain's perception of pain in the gut. For IBS- C, your doctor may prescribe small doses of an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressant, such as citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft). Their side effects may include nausea, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.
Question: How can changes in diet treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Here are some common treatment strategies to discuss with your doctor: Many people manage their symptoms by changing what they eat. Fiber reduces constipation by softening stool, making it easier to pass. Yet few of us come close to eating the daily 25 grams for women or the 38 grams for men that experts recommend. Good sources of fiber include whole-grain bread and cereals, fruits, vegetables, and beans.
Question: What is lubiprostone and how does it help IBS-C?
Answer: Lubiprostone ( Amitiza) treats IBS- C in women who haven't been helped by other treatments. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain.
Question: Can osmotic laxatives help with IBS-C?
Answer: Osmotic laxatives include lactulose, which is prescribed by a doctor, and polyethylene glycol ( Miralax), which you can buy over the counter. They pull water back into the colon to soften stool. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation. They may actually make other symptoms worse. Side effects include diarrhea, dehydration, and bloating.
Question: Should I add more fiber to my diet?
Answer: If you plan to add more high-fiber foods to your diet, do it gradually. Foods affect each person in different ways. Some people get diarrhea and gas when they eat too much fiber, especially all at once.
Question: What prescription medications are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: The drug is a capsule you take once daily on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before the first meal of the day. It helps relieve constipation by helping bowel movements happen more often. People age 17 or younger shouldn't take it. The most common side effect is diarrhea. Lubiprostone ( Amitiza) treats IBS- C in women who haven't been helped by other treatments. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain. Doctors may suggest other medications to help relieve some symptoms of IBS, such as constipation, diarrhea, or belly cramping.
Question: How should you add fiber to your diet to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: And some high-fiber foods may not agree with you. Dried plums, prune juice, ground flaxseed, and water also help loosen bowels. And they don't treat all IBS symptoms such as stomachaches and bloating. You can reduce stress in many ways.
Question: What supplements are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: These include: Wheat bran Corn fiber Calcium polycarbophil ( Fibercon) Psyllium ( Fiberall, Metamucil, Perdiem, and others) These agents may help with constipation, but they don't seem to help with other IBS symptoms such as stomachaches, discomfort, and swelling. The extra fiber may make belly pain, bloating, and discomfort worse. Osmotics are considered fairly safe for long-term use for some people with IBS- C, but talk it over with your doctor before you use them regularly.
Question: Are there different types of laxatives used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: And there are health risks that come with taking laxatives and supplements regularly. There are different kinds of laxatives. It's important to be aware of what you're taking. Some can be habit-forming and possibly harmful in the long run.
Question: How can you reduce stress to help manage IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Answer: Foods affect each person in different ways. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Regular exercise effectively lowers stress. Another stress-busting technique is behavioral therapy. This approach teaches you how to change the way your mind and body react to events. It can include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback, and relaxation therapy. Most of these therapies help people avoid overreacting to stressful situations and people. The American College of Gastroenterologists says behavioral therapy can work well for many IBS symptoms.
Question: Can laxatives help IBS-C?
Answer: Laxatives help you go to the bathroom and may work well for occasional constipation. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications.
Question: Does fiber help ease constipation?
Answer: Fiber reduces constipation by softening stool, making it easier to pass. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation.
Question: What are the side effects of drugs that treat depression?
Answer: Side effects vary, depending on what type of medication you are taking, and may improve once your body adjusts to the medication.
Question: What should I do if I decide to stop taking antidepressants?
Answer: Quitting antidepressants abruptly can cause discontinuation symptoms such as headache or dizziness or increase the chance that symptoms will return. It is important to discuss tapering off (or changing) medications with your health care provider first.
Question: What medications are used to treat depression?
Answer: When treating anxiety disorders, antidepressants, particularly the SSRIs, have been shown to be effective. Other anti-anxiety drugs include the benzodiazepines, such as as alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan). These drugs do carry a risk of addiction or tolerance (meaning that higher and higher doses become necessary to achieve the same effect), so they are not as desirable for long-term use. Other possible side effects include drowsiness, poor concentration, and irritability. Some anticonvulsant drugs (such as gabapentin [ Neurontin] or pregabalin [ Lyrica]) and some atypical antipsychotics (such as aripiprazole or quetiapine or Seroquel) are also occasionally used "off label" to treat anxiety symptoms or disorders.
Question: How should I clean my newborn's umbilical cord?
Answer: Now, they recommend leaving it alone until it falls off by itself. When your baby has a super-messy bowel movement, some stool may get on the cord. If that happens, clean it gently with soap and water. When you put diapers on your baby, fold them so that they rest below the cord.
Question: What do I need to know about my baby's umbilical cord?
Answer: This is the tube-like structure that carries food and oxygen from you to your baby while you're pregnant. It also carries waste products away from the baby so your body can get rid of them. After you give birth, doctors clamp and cut the cord. It has no nerves, so neither you nor your baby will feel anything. A small stump will be left on your child's belly. At first, the stump might look shiny and yellow. But as it dries out, it may turn brown or gray or even purplish or blue. It'll shrivel and turn black before it falls off on its own.
Question: What happens when my baby's umbilical cord stump comes off?
Answer: It'll shrivel and turn black before it falls off on its own. Call your doctor if you see: Blood on the end of the cord A white or yellow discharge Swelling or redness around the cord Signs that the area around the cord causes your baby pain (for example, he cries when you touch it) It's normal to see a few drops of blood in your baby's diaper. But if there's a lot of blood as the cord separates, call your doctor right away. If the cord hasn't come off after 3 weeks, be patient. Keep the area dry and make sure it's not covered by your child's diaper. If it hasn't come off in 6 weeks, or you see signs of fever or infection, call your doctor.
Question: How should you care for yourself during pregnancy if you have lupus?
Answer: In addition to seeing your doctor regularly and following your treatment plan, there are many things you can do to care for yourself and your baby: Get plenty of rest. Plan for a good night's sleep and take breaks throughout the day. Eat healthfully. Avoid excessive weight gain. Have your doctor refer you to a dietitian if needed. Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. If you have any unusual symptoms, speak to your doctor right away.
Question: Can you get pregnant if you have lupus?
Answer: Doctors once advised women with lupus not to get pregnant due to the potential risks to mother and baby. But while pregnancy with lupus still carries its own set of risks, most women with lupus can safely become pregnant and have healthy babies.
Question: How should you manage childbirth if you have lupus?
Answer: Women with lupus may have a greater risk of pregnancy complications. Your doctor will decide the method of delivery -- cesarean section or vaginal. But if the mother or baby is under stress, a cesarean section may be the safest and fastest way to deliver. If you have taken steroids during pregnancy, your doctor will increase your dose during labor to help your body cope with the added stress.
Question: What are the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Answer: Symptoms of ODD may include: Throwing repeated temper tantrums Excessively arguing with adults, especially those with authority Actively refusing to comply with requests and rules Deliberately trying to annoy or upset others, or being easily annoyed by others Blaming others for your mistakes Having frequent outbursts of anger and resentment Being spiteful and seeking revenge Swearing or using obscene language Saying mean and hateful things when upset In addition, many children with ODD are moody, easily frustrated, and have a low self-esteem. They also sometimes may abuse drugs and alcohol.
Question: Can oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) be prevented?
Answer: Although it may not be possible to prevent ODD, recognizing and acting on symptoms when they first appear can minimize distress to the child and family, and prevent many of the problems associated with the illness. Family members also can learn steps to take if signs of relapse (return of symptoms) appear. In addition, providing a nurturing, supportive, and consistent home environment with a balance of love and discipline may help reduce symptoms and prevent episodes of defiant behavior.
Question: What is the outlook for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Answer: If your child is showing signs of ODD, it is very important that you seek care from a qualified mental health professional immediately. Without treatment, children with ODD may experience rejection by classmates and other peers because of their poor social skills and aggressive and annoying behavior. In addition, a child with ODD has a greater chance of developing a more serious behavioral disorder called conduct disorder. When started early, treatment is usually very effective.
Question: How is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) treated?
Answer: Treatment usually consists of a combination of the following: Psychotherapy : Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is aimed at helping the child develop more effective coping and problem-solving skills, and ways to express and control anger. A type of therapy called cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to reshape the child's thinking (cognition) to improve behavior. A specialized therapy technique called parent management training ( PMT) teaches parents ways to positively alter their child's behavior. Medication: While there is no medication that is scientifically established or formally approved to treat ODD, drugs may sometimes be used to treat symptoms (impulsivity, irritability, etc.) or other mental illnesses that may be present, such as ADHD or depression.
Question: What causes oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Answer: Biological: Some studies suggest that defects in or injuries to certain areas of the brain can lead to serious behavioral problems in children. Further, many children and teens with ODD also have other mental illnesses, such as ADHD, learning disorders, depression, or an anxiety disorder, which may contribute to their behavior problems. Genetics: Many children and teens with ODD have close family members with mental illnesses, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. Environmental: Factors such as a dysfunctional family life, a family history of mental illnesses and/or substance abuse, and inconsistent discipline by parents may contribute to the development of behavior disorders.
Question: How is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosed?
Answer: As with adults, mental illnesses in children are diagnosed based on signs and symptoms that suggest a particular illness like ODD. Although there are no lab tests to specifically diagnose ODD, the doctor may sometimes use tests such as neuroimaging studies or blood tests if they suspect that there may be a medical explanation for the behavior problems that occur. The doctor also will look for signs of other conditions that often occur along with ODD, such as ADHD and depression. If the doctor cannot find a physical cause for the symptoms, he or she will likely refer the child to a child and adolescent psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses in children and teens. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a child for a mental illness. The doctor often must rely on reports from the child's parents, teachers, and other adults because children often have trouble explaining their problems or understanding their symptoms.
Question: What is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Answer: When this behavior lasts longer than six months and is excessive compared to what is usual for the child's age, it may mean that the child has a type of behavior disorder called oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD). The child's behavior often disrupts the child's normal daily activities, including activities within the family and at school. Many children and teens with ODD also have other behavioral problems, such as attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, mood disorders (such as depression), and anxiety disorders. Some children with ODD go on to develop a more serious behavior disorder called conduct disorder.
Question: What are some benefits of swimming?
Answer: Swimming will make you more flexible. Aerobic: Yes. Your heart will keep pumping as you use your entire body to move through the water. Strength: Yes. You'll get stronger from the resistance of the water, which is about 12 times the level of air resistance. Try using hand-held paddles, foam noodles, or a kickboard for extra resistance. Sport: Yes. You can compete at any age, and join a team. Low- Impact: Yes. The water gives you buoyancy, so you'll float through your exercise session without putting pressure on your joints. Yes.
Question: What do doctors say about swimming?
Answer: You'll need your arms for most swim strokes, so expect them to get a workout. If you are looking for a great aerobic and total body-strengthening workout, then look no further. Swimming can provide all that and more. Pools are ideal. If you are going to swim in lakes or oceans, you have to be very careful of currents, water temperature, and other obstacles. And never swim alone -- either inside or out.