anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?
Answer: You can think of the highs and the lows as two "poles" of mood, which is why it's called "bipolar" disorder. How severe it gets differs from person to person and can also change over time, becoming more or less severe. If you or someone you know has symptoms of bipolar disorder, talk to your family doctor or a psychiatrist. They will ask questions about mental illnesses that you, or the person you're concerned about, have had, and any mental illnesses that run in the family. How long have they lasted? How often do they happen? The most telling symptoms are those that involve highs or lows in mood, along with changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. Talking to close friends and family of the person can often help the doctor distinguish bipolar disorder from major depressive (unipolar) disorder or other psychiatric disorders that can involve changes in mood, thinking, and behavior.
Question: What happens during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat bipolar disorder?
Answer: Prior to ECT treatment, a person is given a muscle relaxant and put under general anesthesia. Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp, and an electric current is applied that causes a brief seizure. Because the muscles are relaxed, the seizure will usually be limited to slight movement of the hands and feet. The patient is carefully monitored during the treatment. The patient awakens minutes later, does not remember the treatment or events surrounding the treatment, and may be briefly confused.
Question: What should I look for when I shop for baby clothes?
Answer: To make your final selection, though, you need to consider safety, comfort, and practicality -- easy to put on and washable. And you probably want to consider the price, too. It's OK to shop in secondhand stores or high-quality consignment shops for most things for babies. Just be sure to wash everything first. Safety first: no buttons, bows, or ties. Stay away from clothes with small buttons, decorative rhinestones, or bows, because they can be choking risks. Clothes with long ties or that pull tightly around your baby's arms, legs, or neck are also unsafe.
Question: How do I know if my baby's clothes are fire-safe?
Answer: Labels on your baby's sleepwear will tell you whether it needs to be worn snugly to be fire-retardant or if the fabric itself is flame-retardant. But be aware: Scientists haven't closely studied the long-term health effects of the chemicals that make fabrics fire-resistant. Some research has linked some of these chemicals to health problems, including delayed physical and mental development, thyroid trouble, and problems with mental activities like thinking and memory.
Question: How can I make my shopping for baby clothes easier?
Answer: Follow these tips when you're shopping for clothes to make it easier. Wide necks or snaps at the neck make dressing easier. ( If you pick clothes that pull over the head, do it quickly because babies panic when their breathing is blocked or when they can't see you.) Snaps and zippers in the front are easier to put on and take off than those on the back. Loose sleeves pull on and off easier than tight ones. Snaps or other easy openings at the crotch make it quicker and easier to change diapers -- you don't have to take off all of your baby's clothes.
Question: Should I shop for baby clothes by age or weight?
Answer: Shop by your baby's weight, not age. Age doesn't mean much when it comes to baby clothes. Different brands size clothing differently. Weight is a better measure, and many baby clothes list it along with age on their labels.
Question: What are your chances of survival when prostate cancer spreads?
Answer: If it's caught and treated in this point, which is known as "regional" stage, your odds or recovery are very good. If it travels further, the cancer usually ends up in your bones. At that point, the chances of survival drop to 29%. Your doctor will talk to you about your best treatment options. What you choose will largely depend on how far the cancer has spread and what symptoms, if any, you have. You may have already had surgery or radiation. Those treatments are sometimes used to target prostate cancer when it's still only in the prostate.
Question: How is prostate cancer treated once it has spread to my bones?
Answer: If prostate cancer has spread to your bones, you'll likely need medication to ease your pain, lower the risk of fractures, and keep your body's calcium levels steady. It can be dangerous if they go too high or too low. Your doctor might prescribe a drug to help keep your bones strong. You might take corticosteroids to control pain, probably along with a pain reliever. Which pain medicine you get could range from ibuprofen to morphine, depending on how bad your pain is. Your oncologist might also send you forradiation therapy in an effort to lessen bone pain and kill off cancer cells in your bones. Or he could inject you with a drug that gives off radiation. These medications are called radiopharmaceuticals.
Question: How should you take care of yourself if you have prostate cancer?
Answer: Self-care is also important: Take naps to fight fatigue and try to do some light exercise, like walking, to keep your energy levels up. Being active can also help combat weight gain, especially if you add some strength training to your routine. Check with your doctor first to make sure it's safe for you to exercise. He may suggest you work with a physical therapist.
Question: How can prostate cancer affect your daily life?
Answer: Those treatments are sometimes used to target prostate cancer when it's still only in the prostate. Loss of bladder control (incontinence), fatigue, and erectile dysfunction often go hand-in-hand with treatment. Men who have hormonal therapy may have hot flashes (similar to what many women have during menopause) or gain weight. Cancer that has spread to your bones can also be painful.
Question: What are my treatment options once my prostate cancer spreads?
Answer: When this type of cancer spreads (your doctor may say it has metastasized), it tends to first show up in the tissues or lymph nodes that are closest to the prostate gland. That usually means taking medication to lower the amount of androgen hormones (testosterone and DHT) in your body or prevent them from affecting cancer cells. A related but rarely used option is surgical castration. The doctor removes your testicles, where most of these hormones are made. If you don't like the idea of losing them, the doctor can fit you with silicone sacs to insert into your scrotum. They'll preserve the look and feel. If hormone therapy doesn't work, you might move on to vaccine therapy. The prostate cancer vaccine is designed to kick-start your immune system so it attacks cancer cells. Or your doctor might suggest chemotherapy. It might be a medication you take by mouth, or something your doctor injects into a vein. Men who have hormonal therapy may have hot flashes (similar to what many women have during menopause) or gain weight.
Question: What should you expect when prostate cancer spreads?
Answer: At that point, the chances of survival drop to 29%. You might think you'd know it if your cancer has spread, but that's not always true.
Question: What are some signs of trouble with prostate cancer?
Answer: What you choose will largely depend on how far the cancer has spread and what symptoms, if any, you have. This is why your follow-up doctor visits are important. You're most likely to find out the cancer has spread if your doctor tests your blood and finds high levels of prostate-specific antigen, or PSA. He might also find it with a digital rectal exam or on an X-ray or other test. If you do have symptoms, they often include trouble peeing or blood in your urine. You might also feel very tired, short of breath, or lose weight without trying. You're more likely to feel pain if the cancer has gone into your bones. Where it hurts will depend on which bones it affects. For instance, you might feel hip or back pain if cancer has spread into your pelvic bones.
Question: What does purging mean in regard to stem cells?
Answer: purging: The process of separating cancer cells from bone marrow or stem cells.
Question: What are white blood cells (leukocytes)?
Answer: white blood cells (leukocytes): Cells that are part of the body's immune system, which fights disease and infection.
Question: What is mucositis?
Answer: mucositis: Mouth sores that result when chemotherapy destroys the mucosal cells that line the mouth and intestinal tract.
Question: What is autologous stem cell transplantation?
Answer: autologous: Stem cell transplantation using your own stem cells.
Question: What are human leukocyte antigens?
Answer: human leukocyte antigens ( HLA): Proteins found on the surface of white blood cells and tissues. A tissue-typing test shows how many HLA matches the recipient has in common with a donor.
Question: What is a matched unrelated donor?
Answer: matched unrelated donor ( MUD): A donor who is not a blood relative, but who has a complete HLA match to the patient. These donors are often found through bone marrow registries.
Question: What is graft-versus-host disease?
Answer: graft-versus-host disease: A condition in which donor cells think the recipient's cells are foreign and attack them.
Question: What is conditioning (cytotoxic or myeloablative) treatment?
Answer: conditioning (cytotoxic or myeloablative) treatment: High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation given before a stem cell transplant.
Question: What is growth factor in regard to stem cells?
Answer: growth factor: Medicines that boost the numbers of infection-fighting white blood cells.
Question: What is graft-versus-tumor effect?
Answer: graft-versus-tumor effect ( GVT): The good response that happens when the donor cells attack any of the recipient's cancer cells that may remain after chemotherapy.
Question: What are platelets?
Answer: platelets: Cells that prevent or stop bleeding.
Question: What is an antigen?
Answer: antigen: A foreign substance, such as a bacteria, virus, or tissue, that does not come from your body.
Question: What is a cord blood transplant?
Answer: cord blood transplant: Stem cell transplant using cells collected from the umbilical cord and placenta following the birth of healthy newborns.
Question: What are red blood cells or erythrocytes?
Answer: red blood cells (erythrocytes): Cells that carry oxygen.
Question: What is a bone marrow transplant?
Answer: bone marrow transplant ( BMT): A transplant containing all three types of blood cells that develop in the bone marrow: red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Question: What are hematopoietic stem cells?
Answer: hematopoietic stem cells: Immature blood cells or blood-forming stem cells.
Question: What are embryonic stem cells?
Answer: embryonic stem cells: Immature cells from umbilical cord blood that can develop into many types of cells, including blood cells.
Question: What are monoclonal antibodies?
Answer: monoclonal antibodies: Molecules made in a laboratory, engineered to attach to your cancer cells so they can be seen as foreign and attacked by your immune system.
Question: What are granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drugs?
Answer: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drugs: Growth factor medicines given to draw stem cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream.
Question: What is a port catheter?
Answer: port catheter: A tube surgically placed in your chest near your neck through which to give chemotherapy and receive your stem cell infusion. It may also be used to draw blood. An indwelling catheter is more commonly used for catheters in the bladder.
Question: What is anemia?
Answer: anemia: A condition caused by a lack of red blood cells, the cells that transport oxygen to the body's tissues.
Question: What is the immune system?
Answer: immune system: A network of cells, tissues, and organs that protects your body from disease and infection.
Question: What is bone marrow in regard to stem cell transplantation?
Answer: bone marrow: The spongy part of some bones, where blood cells develop from immature marrow cells called stem cells.
Question: What is apheresis?
Answer: apheresis: A process in which whole blood is drawn from a donor, the stem cells are then harvested, and the other blood products are returned to the donor.
Question: What are antibodies?
Answer: antibodies: Proteins made by your body that fight off foreign substances.
Question: How can strep throat easily spread?
Answer: The bacteria that cause strep are highly contagious. You can spread it by close contact -- including sneezes and handshakes -- or sharing someone else's personal items. Be sure to wash your hands often and be cautious about touching objects when someone in your house has strep.
Question: What tests are used for strep throat?
Answer: Your doctor tests for strep throat with a rapid antigen test. She swabs the back of your throat with a cotton-tipped stick to get a sample. You usually get results in about 20 minutes. If the test is negative (meaning no signs of strep are found), the doctor may do what's called a throat culture. She'll take more swab samples from the back of your throat and send them to a lab. You may have to wait a couple of days for those results.
Question: When should I see a doctor about strep throat?
Answer: For your little ones, call the doctor right away if: An infant is 12 weeks or younger and has a temperature of 100.4 F or higher A fever goes above 104 F in any child You should also contact her if: A child younger than 2 has a fever lasting more than 24 hours A child 2 or older has a fever for more than 72 hours Your doctor will ask questions and do tests to find out whether you have strep or something else.
Question: What causes strep throat?
Answer: Another culprit, especially in children and young adults, is the bacteria that creates strep throat. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is the formal name of the bacterium. These are usually signs of a virus or allergy.
Question: What do you need when you visit a doctor for strep throat?
Answer: When you have strep, you'll usually find that your throat is quite raw and it really hurts to swallow. You should call your doctor if you or a child in your care show any symptoms of strep or you see this rash.
Question: How can you treat strep throat?
Answer: But how can you tell if it's strep and not something else? You'll find that it comes on very fast, not gradually like many other kinds of sore throats. You might also see a red, sandpaper-like rash that starts in the face and neck area and then spreads to the rest of the body. You can spread it by close contact -- including sneezes and handshakes -- or sharing someone else's personal items.
Question: What is CPAP for sleep apnea?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP blows air with continuous pressure down your throat at night to keep your airways open while you sleep. The treatment is done using a CPAP machine, which consists of three main parts: Mask that fits over your nose -- or your nose and mouth -- and is held in place with straps while you sleep Motor that blows air Large tube called a cannula that connects the motor to the mask CPAP machines are small, lightweight, and fairly quiet. If you travel, you should take your CPAP with you.
Question: Does CPAP have side effects?
Answer: Side effects of CPAP use are usually minor and may include: Feelings of confinement from the face mask Sore or dry mouth Nasal congestion, runny nose, sinusitis, or nosebleeds Irritation and sores over the bridge of the nose Stomach bloating and discomfort Discomfort in chest muscles. If you are having any of these or other problems, call your doctor. An adjustment to your CPAP machine may make it more comfortable.
Question: What is the best treatment for sleep apnea?
Answer: The best treatment for obstructive sleep apnea depends on a number of factors, including the severity of your problem, the physical structure of your upper airway, other medical problems you may have, as well as your personal preference. You should work with your doctor or sleep specialist to select the best treatment option for you.
Question: How does CPAP help treat sleep apnea?
Answer: Benefits of CPAP include keeping your airways open while you sleep, easing snoring, improving sleep quality, relieving daytime sleepiness, and lowering blood pressure. Although you will likely feel better rested and alert once you start CPAP, getting used to the device can take some time. Some people have difficulty sleeping the first few nights of treatment.
Question: What if CPAP doesn't work for my sleep apnea?
Answer: The most widely used mouth device for sleep apnea, MADs look much like a mouth guard used in sports. The devices snap over the upper and lower dental arches and have metal hinges that make it possible for the lower jaw to be eased forward. Used less commonly than MAD, this device is a splint that holds the tongue in place to keep the airway open.
Question: What should I have at home to help me recover from my neck lift?
Answer: The area should have: Ice packs Gauze and towels Thermometer Supply of comfortable, loose clothing (preferably button-down shirts or blouses that do not have to be pulled over your head and neck) Petroleum jelly and antibacterial ointment Telephone within reaching distance of where you'll be lying or sitting most of the time Pillows that will allow you to keep your head in a comfortable position Someone who can stay with you at least the first 24 hours after surgery On the day of surgery, wear loose, comfortable clothing.
Question: How is liposuction used as a neck lift?
Answer: Liposuction : During liposuction, your surgeon will make a small cut below your chin and remove excess fat. If you are also getting other procedures, it is very common for cosmetic surgeons to begin with liposuction. You will be able to determine this with your doctor during your consultation.
Question: How does surgery to get rid of extra skin on my neck work?
Answer: Too Much Skin on Your Neck: Your surgeon will trim parts of the skin and lift it into place, securing it with tissue glue or stitches. This takes about two to four hours, depending on the complexity of your procedure. Again, your type of anesthesia will depend on your own personal comfort level. Your surgeon will fit you with a compression bandage that you will have to wear for at least one week unless instructed otherwise.
Question: How can a neck lift fix a turkey waddle?
Answer: Here are some of the most common concerns that are addressed with a neck lift: Turkey wattle neck Excess fat Too much skin During your consultation, you should go over your goals and learn about the options: Turkey Wattle: Your surgeon may recommend surgery, which involves making cuts under your chin or behind your ears or both to access a neck muscle called the platysma. Sometimes, that may even mean removing some muscle.
Question: What is neck lift?
Answer: A neck lift is a set of procedures to enhance the appearance of your neck. Procedures can include: Removing excess skin Removing or altering neck muscles Liposuction to remove excess fat Botox injections to address problems with fullness or "bands" Kybella injections to remove excess fat under the chin Other neck lifting techniques involve lasers, ultrasound and radiofrequency devices, intense pulsed light, and fillers.
Question: How long does it take to recover from a neck lift?
Answer: Recovering from a neck lift takes time. Most people can return to work in 10 to 14 days. If you participate in sports or are physically active, you will have to wait three weeks or more to resume those activities.
Question: Will insurance cover my neck lift?
Answer: Be clear on what, if anything, your insurance will cover before the surgery. That way, you'll know what to expect. If your procedures will correct a medical condition, tell your health insurer before the surgery. Your surgeon can write a letter detailing your case. With certain insurance plans, cosmetic or plastic surgery can affect future coverage. It can also affect your premiums. Make sure you ask your health insurer about that before you get the procedure, so you know what to expect.
Question: How can chemotherapy help with treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Answer: Allogenic (from a donor) stem cell transplant Autologous (from yourself) stem cell transplant Chemotherapy uses strong drugs to kill cancer cells all over your body. You get these drugs by mouth, through an IV, or via an injection under your skin. If the cancer has spread, you'll get chemotherapy into the fluid around your brain and spinal cord. Doctors call this intrathecal chemotherapy.
Question: How can stem cell transplant help treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Answer: Your doctor can do a stem cell transplant after chemotherapy to replace your damaged bone marrow with young stem cells from your own body or from a donor. These stem cells will grow into new, healthy blood cells.
Question: How can radiation help treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. You might get radiation to treat AML that has spread to your brain and spinal cord, or to your bone. Radiation is sometimes also used before a stem cell transplant. Usually adult AML is treated with external radiation therapy, which is given from outside of your body.
Question: What is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?
Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Yet high-dose chemotherapy can also damage your bone marrow and cause a dangerous drop in your blood cell levels. Chemotherapy damages the leukemia cells and releases this protein, which can cause dangerous blood clots or severe bleeding.
Question: What are side effects of radiation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. Side effects from radiation include: Sunburn-like redness of the skin Mouth sores -- if you get radiation to your head or neck Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea -- if you get radiation to your belly Fatigue Bleeding or bruising Increased risk of infection If AML treatments don't work for you, or if they stop working and your cancer begins to grow again, you have another option: You can try a clinical trial.
Question: What is arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?
Answer: This is the most common type of stem cell transplant. If you have APL, you'll get medicine to make your leukemia cells change into mature, healthy blood cells so they don't burst open and release their protein. Arsenic trioxide ( Trisenox). Side effects include tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, belly pain, heart rhythm problems, and nerve damage.
Question: What treatments work on acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Answer: AML treatments destroy unhealthy blood cells in your bone marrow and blood. Several different treatments work on AML: Chemotherapy Stem cell transplant Radiation Targeted therapy Your treatment will have two phases: Phase 1: Remission induction therapy. After treatment, your bone marrow should start to make healthy blood cells.