anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How do I know if steroid treatment is right for me?
Answer: In general, people with the following conditions should not take steroids: Infection Uncontrolled diabetes Uncontrolled high blood pressure or congestive heart failure Peptic ulcer Osteoporosis (bone thinning) Glaucoma The decision to prescribe steroids is always made on an individual basis. Your doctor will consider your age, your overall health, and other drugs you are taking. Your doctor also will make sure you understand the potential benefits and risks of steroids before you start taking them.
Question: How can the side effects from steroids to treat arthritis be minimized?
Answer: Steroids reduce the production of inflammatory chemicals in order to minimize tissue damage. Monitor closely to detect the development of serious side effects. If possible, use steroid injections for problems in a specific area. Use the minimal dose required to gain control of the disease. Reduce the dose gradually if the disease remains under control. Monitor blood pressure often and treat if necessary. Recommend calcium supplements, vitamin D, and bone-building prescription medications to help maintain bone strength (this is done especially if steroids will be taken for a long period of time). Have your bone density checked every one to two years.
Question: What role do steroid injections play in an overall treatment program?
Answer: For these people, steroid therapy may eliminate the need for kidney dialysis or transplant. Whether one or more of these treatment methods are used depends on the nature of the problem. For example, in an otherwise healthy person, tendinitis may be adequately treated with only a steroid injection into the inflamed area. However, in a person with rheumatoid arthritis, injections are generally a small part of a multifaceted treatment approach.
Question: What other conditions besides arthritis are treated with steroids?
Answer: They are used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases and conditions. They may also be used selectively to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, or gout.
Question: Why are steroids injected to treat arthritis?
Answer: Steroids can be given topically (cream or ointment), by mouth (orally), or by injection. Whether one or more of these treatment methods are used depends on the nature of the problem. Side effects are much more common with oral drugs.
Question: How are steroids for arthritis given?
Answer: When injected, they can be given into a vein or muscle, directly into a joint or bursa (lubricating sac between certain tendons and the bones beneath them) or around tendons and other soft tissue areas. When doctors give steroids by mouth or IV, they cannot be sure an adequate amount will eventually reach the problem area.
Question: What are steroids for arthritis?
Answer: They are used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases and conditions. Corticosteroids are different from anabolic steroids, which some athletes use to build bigger muscles. Examples of corticosteroid medications include triamcinolone, cortisone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone. Steroids decrease inflammation and reduce the activity of the immune system. Your doctor will consider your age, your overall health, and other drugs you are taking.
Question: What are the expected benefits of steroid injections?
Answer: Also, the injections may help avoid the need for oral steroids or increased doses of oral steroids, which could have greater side effects. Some side effects are more serious than others.
Question: Will you need surgery to treat autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: Sometimes, if you get cirrhosis or liver failure, you may need a liver transplant. This is surgery to take out the diseased liver and replace it with a healthy one from a donor.
Question: Who gets autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: There are two major types of autoimmune hepatitis, and both are rare. Type 1 is the more common of the two. You're more likely to get it if you're a woman ages 15 to 40, although people of any age or gender can get it. Type 2 usually happens to girls ages 2 to 14.
Question: What is the recovery like for autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: After 3 years of treatment, 80% of people find their disease is under control. You may be able to stop treatment while your doctor keeps an eye on your health. If your symptoms come back, you'll start treatment again.
Question: What are symptoms of cirrhosis from autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: If this happens to you, you may also have some of these symptoms: Itching Bruising Bleeding that won't stop Swollen stomach or ankles Spidery blood vessels You feel confused Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and how long you've had them. They'll also want to know what medications you take and how much alcohol you drink. Both can damage your liver.
Question: Is there a cure for autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: Both can damage your liver.
Question: What can you do to keep healthy with autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: There are also lifestyle changes that can help keep you healthy. Eat healthy foods and plenty of fruits and vegetables, and stay away from alcohol. Don't take any drugs or supplements without checking first with your doctor.
Question: What are the side effects of treatments for autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: Steroids can make your bones weak, cause you to add pounds, and give you eye problems. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine can lower the number of your white blood cells and raise your chances of getting cancer.
Question: How is autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed?
Answer: If this happens to you, you may also have some of these symptoms: Itching Bruising Bleeding that won't stop Swollen stomach or ankles Spidery blood vessels You feel confused Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and how long you've had them. They'll also want to know what medications you take and how much alcohol you drink. Both can damage your liver. They'll order blood tests that can rule out other causes like viral hepatitis. Blood tests can also spot substances called autoantibodies, which suggest you've got an autoimmune disease. Other blood tests can tell if your liver has been damaged. Your doctor will do a liver biopsy. They take out a small piece of your liver and look at the cells under the microscope.
Question: What are the signs of autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: The most common sign of AIH is feeling tired. You may also notice problems like: Joint or muscle pain You're not hungry Nausea, vomiting, or belly pain Weight loss Acne and skin rashes Your pee is dark or extra yellow Your bowel movements look light Diarrhea If you're a woman, your periods stop Sometimes, AIH can cause liver damage called cirrhosis.
Question: What other drugs are used to treat autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: If your doctor says you have autoimmune hepatitis ( AIH), it means your immune system -- the body's main defense against germs -- starts to attack your liver cells. At first your doctor will likely suggest you take prednisone, a steroid that lessens inflammation.
Question: What is autoimmune hepatitis?
Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes your immune system to turn against your liver. Sometimes, if you get cirrhosis or liver failure, you may need a liver transplant.
Question: What do I do if I have a chemical burn in my eye?
Answer: Have the person immediately rinse the eye or eyes under a faucet, in a gentle shower, or with a clean container of water. Position the person's face so that the injured eye is down and to the side. Avoid spraying a high-pressure water stream into the eye or eyes. Flush with lukewarm water for 15 to 30 minutes. For severe burns, which are commonly caused by household drain cleaner, continue flushing until you see a doctor or you arrive in an emergency room. The person should keep the eye open as wide as possible. Wash the person's hands thoroughly to make sure no chemical is still on them. Flush the eye to remove contact lenses. If they do not come out, try to gently remove them AFTER flushing. Do not rub the eye or place a bandage over the eye. While waiting for medical care, have the person wear sunglasses to decrease light sensitivity. Call 911 for severe burns, otherwise see a doctor or go to an emergency room as soon as possible. Be aware that alkali chemicals (such as ammonia and oven cleaner) might not be painful but they can cause the most serious injuries. Make sure you know what chemical got into the eye so the medical team can give the right treatment. While waiting for medical care, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or the emergency number on the container if you have it for further advice. The health care provider may continue flushing the eye with saline solution, checking periodically until p H is normal. The health care provider may place anesthetic drugs in the eye to decrease discomfort with flushing.
Question: What is the follow-up care for a chemical eye burn?
Answer: The health care provider may place anesthetic drugs in the eye to decrease discomfort with flushing.
Question: How can you flush your eye if you have a chemical eye burn?
Answer: Have the person immediately rinse the eye or eyes under a faucet, in a gentle shower, or with a clean container of water. Position the person's face so that the injured eye is down and to the side. Avoid spraying a high-pressure water stream into the eye or eyes. Flush with lukewarm water for 15 to 30 minutes. For severe burns, which are commonly caused by household drain cleaner, continue flushing until you see a doctor or you arrive in an emergency room. The person should keep the eye open as wide as possible. Wash the person's hands thoroughly to make sure no chemical is still on them. Flush the eye to remove contact lenses. If they do not come out, try to gently remove them AFTER flushing. Do not rub the eye or place a bandage over the eye. While waiting for medical care, have the person wear sunglasses to decrease light sensitivity.
Question: How should you get immediate help if you have a chemical eye burn?
Answer: For severe burns, which are commonly caused by household drain cleaner, continue flushing until you see a doctor or you arrive in an emergency room. Be aware that alkali chemicals (such as ammonia and oven cleaner) might not be painful but they can cause the most serious injuries. Make sure you know what chemical got into the eye so the medical team can give the right treatment. While waiting for medical care, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or the emergency number on the container if you have it for further advice.
Question: Who talks in their sleep?
Answer: Many people talk in their sleep. Half of all kids between the ages of 3 and 10 years old carry on conversations while asleep, and a small number of adults -- about 5% -- keep chit-chatting after they go to bed. The utterances can take place occasionally or every night. A 2004 poll showed that more than 1 in 10 young children converse in their sleep more than a few nights a week. Girls talk in their sleep as much as boys. And experts think that sleep talking may run in families.
Question: What are other causes of sleep talking?
Answer: Other things that can cause sleep talking include: Certain medications Emotional stress Fever Mental health disorder Substance abuse It is a good idea to see a sleep specialist if your sleep talking occurs suddenly as an adult or if it involves intense fear, screaming, or violent actions.
Question: How is talking in your sleep treated?
Answer: A sleep specialist will ask you how long you've been talking in your sleep. You'll have to ask your bed partner, roommate -- even your parents -- this question. Keep in mind, you may have started sleep talking in childhood. There are no tests needed to diagnose sleep talking. However, your doctor may order tests, such as a sleep study or sleep recording (polysomnogram), if you have signs of another sleep disorder. Sleep talking rarely requires treatment. However, severe sleep talking may be the result of another more serious sleep disorder or medical condition, which can be treated. Talk to your doctor about your treatment options.
Question: What are the symptoms of talking in your sleep?
Answer: It's hard to tell if you've been talking in your own sleep. Usually, people will tell you they've heard you shout out during the night or while you were napping. Or maybe someone might complain that your sleep talking is keeping him or her up all night.
Question: How can someone reduce his or her amount of sleep talking?
Answer: There are no tests needed to diagnose sleep talking. Avoiding stress and getting plenty of sleep might make you less likely to talk in your sleep. Keeping a sleep diary can help identify your sleep patterns and may help your doctor find out if an underlying problem is causing your sleep talking. Keep a sleep diary for two weeks. Note the times you go to bed, when you think you fell asleep, and when you woke up. You'll also want to write down the following: the medicines you take, and the time of day you take them what you drink each day and when, especially caffeinated drinks such as cola, tea, and coffee, as well as alcohol when you exercise
Question: What is sleep talking?
Answer: Sleep talking, or somniloquy, is the act of speaking during sleep. It's a type of parasomnia -- an abnormal behavior that takes place during sleep. It's a very common occurrence and is not usually considered a medical problem. Sleep talking may involve simple sounds or long, involved speeches. Sleep talkers usually seem to be talking to themselves. But sometimes, they appear to carry on conversations with others. They may whisper, or they might shout.
Question: What is GABA?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } GABA is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain. Low levels of GABA may be linked to: Anxiety or mood disorders Epilepsy Chronic pain Researchers suspect that GABA may boost mood or have a calming, relaxing effect on the nervous system. People take GABA as a supplement to try to: Improve mood Relieve anxiety Improve sleep Help with premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) They may also take GABA to try to: Relieve pain or discomfort from injuries Increase tolerance to exercise Lower blood pressure Burn fat Increase the growth of lean muscle mass Limited studies have shown a possible link between GABA and lowered blood pressure.
Question: Can you get GABA naturally from foods?
Answer: You cannot get GABA naturally from foods. But a variety of foods contain substances such as flavonoids that influence how GABA works in the brain. These foods include: Fruits Vegetables Teas Red wine Side effects.
Question: What are the risks of taking GABA?
Answer: Researchers haven't confirmed whether or not it works for the many reasons people take it. There has not been enough research to uncover the side effects of GABA supplements.
Question: Are all teas the same?
Answer: But the leaves are processed in different ways and each tea is a little different.
Question: What happens if I go to the hospital because of chest pain?
Answer: Any allergies you have, especially ones to medications Not everyone who goes to the emergency room with chest pain is admitted to the hospital. But if there's a reasonable chance that the pain is due to a heart attack or other serious condition, you will be. For the first 24 hours after a heart attack, you're usually in a coronary care unit ( CCU) or an intensive care unit ( ICU). There, skilled staff will closely check your heart. A series of electrocardiograms and blood tests will be performed. Doctors will continue to keep close watch over you and give you meds as needed.
Question: What are symptoms that mean I might be having a heart attack?
Answer: If you have these symptoms, go to the emergency room immediately: Discomfort that feels like pressure, fullness, or a squeezing pain in the center or left side of your chest. It lasts for more than a few minutes, or goes away and comes back. Pain and discomfort that extend beyond your chest to other parts of your upper body, such as one or both arms, back, neck, stomach, and jaw Unexplained shortness of breath, with or without chest discomfort Any of the symptoms above that come with a cold sweat, nausea, lightheadedness, anxiety, or indigestion You never know when you may need to go to the emergency room, so it's best to be ready.
Question: What is the BODE Index for emphysema?
Answer: The BODE Index This staging system measures how much emphysema impacts your daily life. It looks at four main areas: Body mass index ( B). This describes how much body fat you have compared to your height and weight. Airflow limitation ( O for obstruction). Your doctor can tell how damaged your lungs are by how well you do on pulmonary (lung) function tests.
Question: What are the methods that describe stages of emphysema?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Doctors describe how bad your emphysema is by using what they call âstages.â They use two main methods to come up with this information -- the GOLD Emphysema Staging System and the BODE Index.
Question: What are the GOLD stages of emphysema?
Answer: This is a set of guidelines established by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ( GOLD). Your FEV1 is 80% or more. You might have had no flare-ups over the past year, or perhaps just one. You weren't hospitalized for your symptoms. Group B ( GOLD 1 or 2): Your FEV1 is between 50% and 80%. Your FEV1 is between 30% and 50%. You've had more than two flare-ups in the past year, or you've been admitted to the hospital at least once. Group D ( GOLD 3 or 4): It's extremely hard for you to breathe in or out. You've had at least two flare-ups in the past year, or you've been hospitalized at least once. Doctors call this âend-stageâ COPD.
Question: What is the function of the set of guidelines established by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) to determine the stages of emphysema?
Answer: Doctors call this the forced expiratory volume ( FEV1). If you have emphysema, your doctor will look at your FEV1. He'll also look at your other symptoms, as well as how many times you've been hospitalized in the past year because of them. Doctors call this an âexacerbation.â It means your symptoms flare up or suddenly get worse. This measures how far you can walk in 6 minutes.
Question: When does cradle cap (seborrhea) usually show up in babies?
Answer: Greasy, yellowish crusts appear on the scalp and may include a red, irritating rash on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, and even in the armpits. Your doctor will tell you how to best treat this common condition, depending on your baby's symptoms.
Question: How often do new rashes appear in newborns?
Answer: New rashes may appear in babies after a few days, weeks, or even months.
Question: When should you worry about your newborn's rash?
Answer: While most rashes are not serious, a few need very close attention: Fluid-filled blisters (especially ones with opaque, yellowish fluid) can indicate a serious infection, like a bacterial infection or herpes. Small red or purplish dots over the body (''petechiae'') can be caused by a viral infection or a potentially very serious bacterial infection. These will not lighten with pressure. Any infant with possible petechiae should be evaluated by a doctor immediately.
Question: What are salmon patches in newborns?
Answer: Salmon patches (called a ''stork bite'' at the back of the neck or an ''angel's kiss'' between the eyes) are simple nests of blood vessels (probably caused by maternal hormones) that fade on their own after a few weeks or months. Occasionally, stork bites never go away.
Question: What are Mongolian spots in newborns?
Answer: Mongolian spots are very common in any part of the body of dark-skinned babies. They are flat, gray-blue in color (almost looking like a bruise), and can be small or large. They are caused by some pigment that didn't make it to the top layer when baby's skin was being formed. They are harmless and usually fade away by school age.
Question: What causes little white bumps on the nose and face of your newborn?
Answer: When a baby's oil glands enlarge and open up in a few days or weeks, the white bumps disappear.
Question: Is dry, peeling skin normal in newborns?
Answer: The underlying skin is perfectly normal, soft, and moist. New rashes may appear in babies after a few days, weeks, or even months.
Question: How do you know if your baby has eczema and how do you treat it?
Answer: Greasy, yellowish crusts appear on the scalp and may include a red, irritating rash on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, and even in the armpits. It is caused by dry, sensitive skin, and sometimes allergies (although it can be difficult at this age to know what the trigger might be). Your doctor can determine if the rash looks like eczema and prescribe the appropriate treatment. In general, treatment consists of: Using a very gentle soap Using a gentle detergent and no fabric softener in baby's laundry Using skin moisturizers Applying a steroid cream (like hydrocortisone or even a stronger one) if the eczema won't go away Prickly heat looks like small red bumps, mostly on areas of your baby's body that tend to overheat and sweat, like the neck, diaper area, and armpits.
Question: What is erythema toxicum in newborns?
Answer: A newborn's skin is prone to rashes of all sorts. It looks like red blotches with ill-defined borders that are slightly raised, and may have a small white or yellow dot in the center. Its cause is unknown, and it resolves without treatment after a few days or weeks.
Question: How do pink pimples appear in newborns?
Answer: New rashes may appear in babies after a few days, weeks, or even months. It is caused by dry, sensitive skin, and sometimes allergies (although it can be difficult at this age to know what the trigger might be).
Question: What is jaundice in newborns?
Answer: It is caused by an excess of bilirubin (a breakdown product of red blood cells). If the bilirubin level becomes sufficiently high, blue or white lights may be focused on the baby's skin to lower the level, because excess bilirubin can sometimes pose a health hazard. Eczema is red, itchy patches on the skin, often seen on the baby's chest, arms, legs, face, elbows, and behind the knees.
Question: Is it normal for your newborn to have rashes?
Answer: Fortunately, most of these rashes are harmless and go away on their own. Erythema toxicum is another common newborn rash.
Question: How can you prevent appendicitis?
Answer: There is no way to prevent appendicitis. However, appendicitis may be less common in people who eat foods high in fiber, such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Question: What is an interval appendectomy?
Answer: If your doctor suspects appendicitis, he or she will likely quickly remove the appendix to avoid its rupture. If the appendix has formed an abscess, you may have two procedures, one to do a CT-guided drainage of the pus and fluid, and a second one to remove the appendix eight to 12 weeks later. This delayed surgery is called an interval appendectomy.
Question: What are the treatments for appendicitis?
Answer: This delayed surgery is called an interval appendectomy.
Question: Which conditions have similar symptoms with appendicitis?
Answer: Diagnosing appendicitis can be tricky: Time is critical, yet symptoms are frequently vague or extremely similar to other, less urgent ailments, such as bladder infection, colitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, gastroenteritis, and ovary problems.