anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Can I give my children salt-water nose drops and sprays?
Answer: Saltwater nose drops, gels, and sprays, which you can buy at a drugstore or supermarket, are just as effective as chemical decongestants. They can be used with a bulb suction in little ones to clear the nostrils, they don't have any side effects, and you can give them to young children. They can improve your child's stuffy nose. But don't use them for more than 2 to 3 days. If you do, it can make your child more congested.
Question: What can I give my child to help with mucus in a cough?
Answer: Make sure he rests and gets plenty to drink. There is little scientific evidence that guaifenesin or any chemical expectorant actually works. Warm tea or water with lemon and honey -- a proven expectorant -- can soothe your child's inflamed throat. Warm liquids can also ease the feeling of a "tickle in the throat" and a dry cough. Breathing in steam, along with drinking plenty of fluids, can also help loosen up mucus. Be careful not to burn your child with the hot steam. Ask your pharmacist for specific directions and advice. Avoid combination products such as expectorant/antihistamine or cough expectorant/cough suppressant.
Question: What combination cold medicines should be avoided in children?
Answer: An expectorant like guaifenesin ( Mucinex) may help thin mucus, which lets your child cough it up more easily. These may work against each other. Some ingredients, such as antihistamines, may not work at all for a virus -- they can't help unless some of the symptoms are actually from an allergy. Read labels carefully. Many cold medicines contain a fever and pain reliever such as acetaminophen. You don't need to give a separate dose to relieve aches and fever. If you do, you may be "double dosing." This can be dangerous for your child. If your child has a stuffy or runny nose but no aches, avoid painkillers.
Question: How can radionuclide ventriculography test for heart failure?
Answer: Radioactive materials go into your bloodstream. Then a device called a gamma camera takes pictures of your heart to show how well it's working. The radioactive material is safe for most folks. Your kidneys will take care of it. However, if you're pregnant or nursing, you shouldn't have this test.
Question: What is left-sided heart failure?
Answer: It's usually broken down into several types: Left-sided heart failure: The left ventricle is larger and pumps more of the heart's blood. This type of heart failure is broken down into two categories: Systolic failure, where the left ventricle is too weak to push enough blood Diastolic failure, where the left ventricle is too stiff, can't relax, and can't fill with blood normally Right-sided heart failure: This usually happens after the left side fails.
Question: What is right-sided heart failure?
Answer: This type of heart failure is broken down into two categories: Systolic failure, where the left ventricle is too weak to push enough blood Diastolic failure, where the left ventricle is too stiff, can't relax, and can't fill with blood normally Right-sided heart failure: This usually happens after the left side fails. More fluid pressure through the lungs damages the right side of your heart.
Question: When should you have exercise ankle-brachial index test?
Answer: You might need the ankle-brachial index test for a few reasons: 1. If you took an exercise ankle-brachial index test, the range of results may be a little different.
Question: What do the results of an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test mean?
Answer: Your doctor uses the blood pressure results to come up with a number called the ankle-brachial index. Here's what the numbers mean: 0.9 or less. You have PAD. The lower the number, the more blockage you have. Over 1.4. The test isn't helpful to you. This result means you have stiff arteries, and you can't get useful blood pressure numbers with the cuff. Your doctor will turn to a different test.
Question: Other than preventing the flu, what are other health benefits of exercise?
Answer: There are other benefits to being more active, like less stress and better sleep. Stress is bad for your body and mind. You can ease it with regular exercise. Get 7 to 8 hours sleep a night, too, because that also helps keep your body's defenses in good shape.
Question: Can exercise help prevent the flu?
Answer: Experts say you should get at least 30 minutes of moderate cardio like walking, swimming, biking, or running each day. Extreme workouts can slash the number of white blood cells you have and boost the level of stress hormones in your bloodstream. Your immune system works best when it isn't in overdrive.
Question: How is biology related to depression?
Answer: Researchers have noted differences in the brains of people who have a clinical depression as compared to those who do not. For instance, the hippocampus, a small part of the brain that is vital to the storage of memories, appears to be smaller in some people with a history of depression than in those who've never been depressed.
Question: Is depression linked to chronic pain?
Answer: Hypothyroidism may also lead to depressed feelings. Researchers believe that treating the depression may sometimes also help the co-existing medical illness improve. When pain lingers for weeks to months, it's referred to as being "chronic." Not only does chronic pain hurt, it also disturbs your sleep, your ability to exercise and be active, your relationships, and your productivity at work.
Question: What is the link between depression and chronic illness?
Answer: In some people, a chronic illness causes depression. A chronic illness is an illness that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely. However, chronic illnesses can often be controlled through diet, exercise, lifestyle habits, and certain medications. Some examples of chronic illnesses that may cause depression are diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, kidney disease, HIV/ AIDS, lupus, and multiple sclerosis ( MS). Hypothyroidism may also lead to depressed feelings. Researchers believe that treating the depression may sometimes also help the co-existing medical illness improve.
Question: Can major events cause depression?
Answer: So can moving, losing a job or income, getting divorced, or retiring. However, the syndrome of clinical depression is never just a "normal" response to stressful life events.
Question: What causes depression?
Answer: No one knows exactly what causes it, but it can occur for a variety of reasons. Some people experience depression during a serious medical illness. Others may have depression with life changes such as a move or the death of a loved one. Still others have a family history of depression. Those who do may experience depression and feel overwhelmed with sadness and loneliness for no known reason. A chronic illness is an illness that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely.
Question: How do cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation treat liver cancer?
Answer: Cryotherapy, or freezing the tumor, and radiofrequency ablation ( RFA), using radio waves to destroy the tumor, may be used to treat some cases of liver cancer.
Question: Should I be screened routinely for liver cancer?
Answer: However, studies haven't determined if screening is beneficial for people who are not at increased risk. To diagnose liver cancer, a doctor must rule out other causes of liver dysfunction. Patients at high risk include patients with a condition called hemochromatosis, chronic hepatitis, and alcoholics.
Question: How is radiation therapy used for liver cancer?
Answer: Radiation therapy can be given in various ways, but has its limitations due to the liver's low tolerance to radiation. When used, the role of radiation is to alleviate symptoms outside of the liver or to relieve pain within the liver by shrinking the tumor. Radioembolization therapy uses substances to cut off the blood supply to the tumor.
Question: How is advanced liver cancer treated?
Answer: Chemotherapy and low-dose radiation may control the cancer's spread and ease pain, however these are of modest benefit in this type of cancer. Most patients receive painkilling medication along with drugs to relieve nausea, improve appetite, and reduce abdominal or lower body swelling. The drug sorafenib ( Nexavar) is the first drug to significantly improve the overall survival with advanced liver cancer and is considered the drug of choice for such patients. People with advanced liver cancer may choose to join clinical trials testing new approaches to treatment.
Question: What is laparoscopy in liver cancer diagnosis?
Answer: Laparoscopy, using tools and cameras through small incisions, is useful for detecting small tumors, determining the extent of cirrhosis, or obtaining a biopsy, and confirm previous tests, among other things.
Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose liver cancer?
Answer: Additional tests include: Blood tests that measure tumor markers -- the levels of these substances rise in the blood if someone has a particular cancer -- can aid diagnosis. Liver cancers secrete a substance called alpha fetoprotein ( AFP) that is normally present in fetuses but goes away at birth. An elevated AFP in adults may indicate liver cancer as it is produced in 70% of liver cancers. Elevated levels of iron may also be a tumor marker.
Question: Is liver cancer curable?
Answer: Any liver cancer is difficult to cure. Primary liver cancer is rarely detectable early, when it is most treatable. Secondary or metastatic liver cancer is hard to treat because it has already spread. The liver's complex network of blood vessels and bile ducts makes surgery difficult. Most treatment concentrates on making patients feel better and perhaps live longer.
Question: How is liver cancer treated at different stages?
Answer: This may also be done without chemotherapy (bland emoblization) in some cases, using ethanol instead. Radiation therapy can be given in various ways, but has its limitations due to the liver's low tolerance to radiation. When used, the role of radiation is to alleviate symptoms outside of the liver or to relieve pain within the liver by shrinking the tumor. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival. Chemotherapy and low-dose radiation may control the cancer's spread and ease pain, however these are of modest benefit in this type of cancer.
Question: Is a liver transplant an option for liver cancer?
Answer: Screening for early detection of primary liver cancer is not performed routinely, but it may be considered for people at high risk for the disease. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival.
Question: What is golfer's elbow?
Answer: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. The pain centers on the bony bump on the inside of your elbow and may radiate into the forearm. It can usually be treated effectively with rest.
Question: What causes golfer's elbow?
Answer: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. Golfer's elbow is usually caused by overusing the muscles in the forearm that allow you to grip, rotate your arm, and flex your wrist. Repetitive flexing, gripping, or swinging can cause pulls or tiny tears in the tendons. Despite the name, this condition doesn't just affect golfers. Risky sports include tennis, bowling, and baseball -- in fact, it's sometimes called pitcher's elbow.
Question: If Iâm taking pioglitazone (Actos) for my type 2 diabetes, what side effects should I call a doctor about?
Answer: If you take pioglitazone ( Actos) or a combination drug with pioglitazone in it ( Actoplus Met, Duetact), call your doctor if you have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Severe swelling Dark pee It's rare, but metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis.
Question: What kind of medication changes can happen as I treat my diabetes?
Answer: It's important to keep your blood sugar within a healthy range. This lowers your chances of diabetes complications. If your readings are too high on your current medication, your doctor might want to change the dose or try another. This can happen even if your medication worked very well at first. Sometimes it just doesn't do the trick by itself anymore. If one drug doesn't manage your blood sugar well enough, your doctor might add a second. If two don't work, she could add a third.
Question: Iâve made some changes to my lifestyle. How will I know if I need to change my type 2 diabetes medication?
Answer: Get medical help right away if you are on the drug or a combination that contains it, and if you have any of the following symptoms: Loss of appetite Abdominal discomfort or diarrhea Muscle cramping Fast, shallow breathing Weakness or unusual tiredness If you've made lifestyle changes like weight loss and regular exercise, you might need a lower dose. Your doctor will review your treatment plan and make any needed changes. Talk to your doctor before you change or stop any medication. Do not quit taking any mediation without her OK.
Question: What do my endometrial biopsy results mean?
Answer: You should get the lab results back in about a week. The possible causes of your abnormal bleeding could be: Polyps or fibroids (small or large growths in your uterus) An infection of your uterus, like endometritis Endometrial cancer A thyroid problem Your doctor will go over the results with you. Based on what they reveal, she'll also explain if any treatment is needed.
Question: Who gets tested for endometrial biopsy?
Answer: Your doctor may do this type of biopsy if your Pap test shows that you have âprecancerousâ cells in your uterus. She could also suggest one if you have any of these symptoms: Heavy or long periods Periods that don't come at the same time every month No periods Bleeding after menopause Bleeding after taking a breast cancer drug called tamoxifen A thickened uterine lining An endometrial biopsy can't fix or stop any of these symptoms. But it can help your doctor learn what may be wrong.
Question: What happens after an endometrial biopsy?
Answer: It's common to have some light spotting after this type of biopsy. You may also have some cramping. If so, ask your doctor which over-the-counter pain relievers are safe for you to take. Some, like aspirin, could make you bleed more. You can return to your normal routine as soon as you feel able, but skip sex until all your bleeding has stopped.
Question: What are the risks of endometrial biopsy?
Answer: An endometrial biopsy is a way for your doctor to check for problems in your uterus. The wall of your uterus could also get nicked by the tools used during the biopsy, but this is very rare. If you think you may be pregnant, make sure to tell your doctor ahead of time. The biopsy could cause you to miscarry.
Question: What is endometrial biopsy?
Answer: It's very safe. The procedure usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. This holds it open during the procedure. While an endometrial biopsy is safe, there is a chance of bleeding and infection.
Question: What can trigger my herpes symptoms?
Answer: Remember that triggers may not be the same for everyone, and doctors are not certain how much lifestyle affects herpes symptoms. If you think one triggers your symptoms, ask your doctor what you should do about it.
Question: What is pseudotumor cerebri?
Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands.
Question: What are symptomatic relief medications?
Answer: Stress: your reaction to any change that requires you to adjust or respond Symptomatic relief medications: drugs used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including the pain of a headache or the nausea and vomiting associated with migraine; these may include simple analgesics, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antiemetics, or sedatives.
Question: What is Raynaud's phenomena?
Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands. This condition may be associated with migraines.
Question: What is the nervous system?
Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. It also receives information, much of which is sent to the brain. This information is analyzed and coordinated by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain.
Question: What are tension-type headaches?
Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.
Question: What is photophobia?
Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.
Question: What is the definition of acute headaches?
Answer: Acute: sudden; occurs quickly and generally, without warning Acute headaches: headaches that occur suddenly for the first time with symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time; they are usually due to an illness, infection, cold, or fever.
Question: What is the definition of photophobia?
Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.
Question: What is the definition of acupuncture?
Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used. Acupuncture stimulates the body's ability to resist or overcome illnesses and conditions by correcting energy imbalances. Acupuncture also prompts the body to produce chemicals that decrease or eliminate painful sensations.
Question: What is the definition of episodic?
Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.
Question: What is the definition of biofeedback?
Answer: Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.
Question: What is the definition of basilar artery migraine?
Answer: Basilar artery migraine: a migraine that is preceded by symptoms of dizziness, pain at the base of the skull with numbness, confusion, or loss of balance; these symptoms usually occur suddenly and can be associated with vision changes, the inability to speak properly, ringing in the ears, and vomiting. This type of migraine is strongly related to hormonal changes and primarily affects young adult women.
Question: What is the definition of decongestant medications?
Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.
Question: What is the definition of adrenaline (epinephrine)?
Answer: Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain.
Question: What is the definition of narcotics?
Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.
Question: What is the definition of hemiplegic migraine?
Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.
Question: What is the definition of hydrocephalus?
Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.
Question: What is the definition of anticonvulsant?
Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.
Question: What is the definition of massage?
Answer: Massage: a type of headache treatment that involves rubbing, pinching, kneading, or otherwise manipulating the body to relieve muscular tension; massage can be helpful in promoting relaxation.