anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is restrictive cardiomyopathy diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor will figure out if you have restrictive cardiomyopathy based on: Your symptoms Your family's history of heart disease A physical exam Blood tests An electrocardiogram A chest X-ray An echocardiogram An exercise stress test Cardiac catheterization A CT scan An MRI A biopsy of the heart muscle (your doctor may call this a myocardial biopsy) is sometimes done to figure out the cause. A tissue sample is taken from your heart and looked at under a microscope.
Question: What medications can help with treating arrhythmia related to restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Answer: If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe something to control your heart rate or make the arrhythmia happen less often. Therapy may also be given to treat things like sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and hemochromatosis. Your doctor will let you know which medications are best for you.
Question: What condition is confused with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Answer: Symptoms can happen at any age and may include: Shortness of breath (at first with exercise, but eventually at rest, too) Fatigue Inability to exercise Swelling of the legs and feet Weight gain Nausea, bloating, and poor appetite Palpitations (fluttering in the chest due to abnormal heart rhythms) Fainting Chest pain or pressure Its cause is often unknown but may include: Buildup of scar tissue Buildup of proteins in the heart muscle (your doctor may call this amyloidosis) Chemotherapy or chest exposure to radiation Too much iron in the heart (also called hemochromatosis) Other diseases In some cases, restrictive cardiomyopathy may be confused with something called constrictive pericarditis. That's where the layers of the sac that surrounds the heart (called the pericardium) become thickened, calcified, and stiff.
Question: Can surgery help with treating restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Answer: In some cases, if the condition is severe, your doctor may talk to you about a heart transplant.
Question: What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Answer: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is when the walls of the lower chambers of your heart (called the ventricles) are too rigid to expand as they fill with blood. The pumping ability of the ventricles may be normal, but it's harder for the ventricles to get enough blood. This leads to heart failure. Exercise at a time of day when you have the most energy.
Question: When should you call your doctor about low blood pressure?
Answer: You have been diagnosed with low blood pressure and are experiencing an increase in the frequency of symptoms, such as falling down or passing out.
Question: What are the symptoms of low blood pressure?
Answer: Dizziness Lightheadedness Unsteadiness Dimming or blurring of vision Weakness Fatigue Nausea Cold, clammy skin Fainting Pale skin You experience any of the symptoms listed above.
Question: What can happen if you have low blood pressure?
Answer: If your blood pressure gets severely low, there's a significant danger that your body will not receive enough oxygen to carry out its normal functions. Decreased oxygen can result in impaired functioning of the heart and brain and cause difficulty with breathing. Someone with low blood pressure can lose consciousness or go into shock (when the organs shut down).
Question: How common is lung cancer and what causes it?
Answer: More than four out of every five cases of lung cancer are associated with cigarette smoking.
Question: How is Munchausen syndrome treated?
Answer: Although a person with Munchausen syndrome actively seeks treatment for the various disorders he or she invents, the person often is unwilling to admit to and seek treatment for the syndrome itself. This makes treating people with Munchausen syndrome very challenging, and the outlook for recovery poor. When treatment is sought, the first goal is to modify the person's behavior and reduce his or her misuse or overuse of medical resources. Once this goal is met, treatment aims to work out any underlying psychological issues that may be causing the person's behavior. Another key goal is to help patients avoid dangerous and unnecessary medical diagnostic or treatment procedures (such as surgeries), often sought from different doctors who may be unaware that physical symptoms are either being faked or self-inflicted.
Question: What is Munchausen syndrome?
Answer: Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder, a mental disorder in which a person repeatedly and deliberately acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick. Munchausen syndrome is considered a mental illness because it is associated with severe emotional difficulties. Most of the symptoms in people with Munchausen syndrome are related to physical illness -- symptoms such as chest pain, stomach problems, or fever -- rather than those of a mental disorder.
Question: What happens when coronary arteries narrow?
Answer: When the coronary arteries narrow to the point that blood flow to the heart muscle is limited (coronary artery disease), a network of tiny blood vessels in the heart that aren't usually open (called collateral vessels) may enlarge and become active. This allows blood to flow around the blocked artery to the heart muscle, protecting the heart tissue from injury.
Question: How does blood flow through your lungs?
Answer: This is called the pulmonary circulation. From your pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary arteries and eventually to tiny capillary vessels in the lungs. Here, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, passes from the blood into the air sacs. Carbon dioxide leaves the body when you exhale. Once the blood is oxygenated, it travels back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
Question: What do valves do in the heart?
Answer: The heart valves work the same way as one-way valves in the plumbing of your home. They prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. Each valve has a set of flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve has two leaflets; the others have three. The leaflets are attached to and supported by a ring of tough, fibrous tissue called the annulus. The annulus helps to maintain the proper shape of the valve. The leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves are also supported by tough, fibrous strings called chordae tendineae. These are similar to the strings supporting a parachute. They extend from the valve leaflets to small muscles, called papillary muscles, which are part of the inside walls of the ventricles.
Question: How does blood flow through the right side of the heart?
Answer: Right side of the heart Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the right atrium while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Question: How does the heart beat?
Answer: The atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to pump blood through your heart. This is your heartbeat. The electrical system of your heart is the power source that makes this possible.
Question: What does the heart look like on the inside?
Answer: On the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ. It is divided into the left and right side by a muscular wall called the septum. The right and left sides of the heart are further divided into two top chambers called the atria, which receive blood from the veins, and two bottom chambers called ventricles, which pump blood into the arteries.
Question: What is a normal heart rate?
Answer: This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping five or six quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day.
Question: How does blood travel through the heart?
Answer: As the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels, called the circulatory system. The vessels are elastic, muscular tubes that carry blood to every part of the body. Blood is essential. In addition to carrying fresh oxygen from the lungs and nutrients to your body's tissues, it also takes the body's waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from the tissues. This is necessary to sustain life and promote the health of all the body's tissues.
Question: What are the two major coronary arteries?
Answer: Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet: Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. It branches into the posterior descending artery, which supplies the bottom portion of the left ventricle and back of the septum with blood. Left main coronary artery branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery. The circumflex artery supplies blood to the left atrium, as well as the side and back of the left ventricle. The left anterior descending artery supplies the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the front of the septum with blood.
Question: How does blood flow through the left side of the heart?
Answer: Left side of the heart The pulmonary veins empty oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.
Question: What are the coronary arteries in your heart?
Answer: Like all organs, your heart is made of tissue that requires a supply of oxygen and nutrients. Although its chambers are full of blood, the heart receives no nourishment from this blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries, called the coronary arteries.
Question: Where is your heart and what does it look like?
Answer: The heart is located under the rib cage, under and to the left of your breastbone (sternum), and between your lungs. Looking at the outside of the heart, you can see that the heart is made of muscle. The strong muscular walls contract (squeeze), pumping blood to the arteries. The major blood vessels that are connected to the heart include the aorta, the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery (which takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated), the pulmonary veins (which bring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart) and the coronary arteries (which supply blood to the heart muscle).
Question: What valves are involved in the heart?
Answer: As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve. There are four heart valves within the heart: Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Aortic valve Pulmonic valve (also called pulmonary valve) The tricuspid and mitral valves lie between the atria and ventricles. The aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart. The atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to pump blood through your heart.
Question: What triggers a heart beat?
Answer: This is your heartbeat. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells called the SA node (sinoatrial node), located in the right atrium. This node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract. A cluster of cells in the center of the heart between the atria and ventricles, the AV node (atrioventricular node) is like a gate that slows the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles. This delay gives the atria time to contract before the ventricles do. The His- Purkinje network is a pathway of fibers that sends the electrical impulse from the AV node to the muscular walls of the ventricles, causing them to contract.
Question: What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Answer: In addition to carrying fresh oxygen from the lungs and nutrients to your body's tissues, it also takes the body's waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from the tissues. These are small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from cells. Veins. These are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart; this blood contains less oxygen and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body. Veins become larger as they get closer to the heart. The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood from the head and arms to the heart, and the inferior vena cava brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart. This vast system of blood vessels -- arteries, veins, and capillaries -- is over 60,000 miles long. That's long enough to go around the world more than twice! Blood flows continuously through your body's blood vessels. Your heart is the pump that makes it all possible. Here, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries, called the coronary arteries.
Question: How much blood does your heart pump?
Answer: This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping five or six quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day. Blood flows continuously through your body's blood vessels. On the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ.
Question: Who shouldn't get the chickenpox vaccine?
Answer: You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus.
Question: Are there any risks associated with the chickenpox vaccine?
Answer: The most common side effect from the chickenpox vaccine is swelling, soreness, or redness at the site of the injection. A small number of people may also develop a mild rash or a low-grade fever after vaccination. Serious reactions to the chickenpox vaccine are extremely rare, but they may include: Seizures Brain infection Pneumonia Loss of balance Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) If you think you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine, call your health care provider right away.
Question: What should you do if you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine?
Answer: Serious reactions to the chickenpox vaccine are extremely rare, but they may include: Seizures Brain infection Pneumonia Loss of balance Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) If you think you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine, call your health care provider right away. Make a note of the symptoms you're experiencing, and report them to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System ( VAERS) at 1-800-822-7967. Women who receive the chickenpox vaccine during pregnancy should contact their health care provider right away. Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause birth defects, so there may be a risk that the chickenpox vaccine could cause the same birth defects. As with other vaccines, the risks associated with the chickenpox vaccine are much lower than the risks associated with the disease itself.
Question: What is the best way to prevent chickenpox?
Answer: Some complications that can arise from chickenpox include: Skin infections Pneumonia Encephalitis (swelling in the brain) Shingles (later in life) Joint inflammation Vaccination is the best way to prevent chickenpox. A chickenpox vaccine has been available in the U. S. since 1995 and is easy to get from a doctor or a public health clinic. The chickenpox vaccine is very effective at preventing the disease -- between 70% and 90% of people who get vaccinated will be completely immune to chickenpox. If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, the symptoms will be very mild and only last for a few days.
Question: What's in the chickenpox vaccine?
Answer: You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus. That means the virus is able to produce immunity in the body without causing illness.
Question: What complications can arise from chickenpox?
Answer: Some complications that can arise from chickenpox include: Skin infections Pneumonia Encephalitis (swelling in the brain) Shingles (later in life) Joint inflammation Vaccination is the best way to prevent chickenpox.
Question: When should adults be vaccinated against chickenpox?
Answer: Two doses of the vaccine should be given at least four weeks apart. If you've never had chickenpox or been vaccinated and you are exposed to chickenpox, being vaccinated right away will greatly reduce your risk of getting sick. Studies have shown that vaccination within three days of exposure is 90% effective at preventing illness; vaccination within five days of exposure is 70% effective. If you do get sick, the symptoms will be milder and shorter in duration. You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus.
Question: What is chickenpox?
Answer: Symptoms of chickenpox include fever and itchy spots or blisters all over the body. Chickenpox is usually mild and runs its course in five to 10 days, but it can cause more serious problems when teens and adults get it. People with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible to developing serious complications from chickenpox. That means the virus is able to produce immunity in the body without causing illness.
Question: How can a disorder of the hypothalamus lead to hypothyroidism?
Answer: An extremely rare form of hypothyroidism can occur if the hypothalamus in the brain does not produce enough of a hormone called TRH. TRH affects the release of TSH from the pituitary gland.
Question: What is the role of the thyroid in people with hypothyroidism?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The thyroid gland is located in the front lower part of your neck. Hormones released by the gland travel through your bloodstream and affect nearly every part of your body, from your heart and brain, to your muscles and skin. The thyroid controls how your body's cells use energy from food, a process called metabolism. Among other things, your metabolism affects your body's temperature, your heartbeat, and how well you burn calories. If you don't have enough thyroid hormone, your body processes slow down. That means your body makes less energy, and your metabolism becomes sluggish.
Question: What causes hypothyroidism?
Answer: Thyroiditis" is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder. With Hashimoto's, your body produces antibodies that attack and destroy the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis may also be caused by a viral infection.
Question: How is hypothyroidism treated?
Answer: If you have hypothyroidism, your doctor will prescribe a synthetic (man-made) thyroid hormone T4. You take this pill every day. Certain other medications can interfere with how your body absorbs synthetic thyroid hormone. Make sure you doctor knows about all the medicines, herbs, and supplements you take, including over-the-counter products. You will need regular blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels. Your doctor may need to adjust your medication dose from time to time.
Question: What causes primary hypothyroidism?
Answer: Rarely, a problem with the pituitary gland can interfere with the production of thyroid hormone.
Question: How can radiation therapy to the neck area cause hypothyroidism?
Answer: Treating certain cancers, such as lymphoma, requires radiation to the neck. Radiation damages the cells in the thyroid. This makes it more difficult for the gland to produce hormone.
Question: How can use of certain medications lead to hypothyroidism?
Answer: Certain medicines to treat heart problems, psychiatric conditions, and cancer can sometimes affect the production of thyroid hormone. These include amiodarone ( Cordarone, Pacerone), , interferon alpha, and interleukin-2.
Question: How can problems with the thyroid at birth lead to hypothyroidism?
Answer: Some babies may be born with a thyroid gland that did not develop correctly or does not work properly. This type of hypothyroidism is called congenital hypothyroidism. Most hospitals in the U. S. screen babies at birth for this disease.
Question: Who is at risk for hypothyroidism?
Answer: Women, particularly older women, are more likely to develop hypothyroidism than men. You are also more likely to develop hypothyroidism if you have a close family member with an autoimmune disease. Other risk factors include: Race (being white or Asian) Age (growing older) Prematurely graying hair Autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, Addison's disease, pernicious anemia, or vitiligo Bipolar disorder Down syndrome Turner syndrome If you have symptoms of hypothyroidism, your doctor will order blood tests to check hormone levels.
Question: What causes tertiary hypothyroidism?
Answer: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid disease, is a common disorder.
Question: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Answer: Symptoms of hypothyroidism may be vague and can often mimic other conditions. They may include: Changes in the menstrual cycle Constipation Depression Dry hair and hair loss Dry skin Fatigue Greater sensitivity to cold Slow heart rate Swelling of the thyroid gland (goiter) Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight Carpal tunnel syndrome Babies with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms.