anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can you protect your baby from food allergies?
Answer: In a reversal of earlier policy, the American Academy of Pediatrics is now recommending that potential allergens be introduced to your infant earlier rather than later. In doing so, the move may actually help prevent her from developing allergies to those foods. Breastfeeding you baby for 4-6 months is the best way to prevent a milk allergy. Remember that breast milk or formula is higher in nutrition. When you begin to introducing whole milk, you should do so under a doctor's supervision. Yogurt and soft cheeses are fine, because the proteins in these dairy products are broken down and less likely to cause tummy trouble. The AAP now advises that, in the case of infants who are at high risk of allergies, peanuts should be introduced between 4-6 months. Infants at highest risk of developing peanut allergies are those with eczema or egg allergies or both. It was originally believed that introducing your baby to the foods when she is older might make any reactions more manageable. Other potential allergens such as tree nuts and fish should be introduced over a period of time as you introduce your baby to solid foods, between 6 and 9 months You should wait until at least age 1 (some experts say age 2) to introduce honey, which can cause a potentially serious disease called infant botulism. Ask your pediatrician for guidance.
Question: What are some top allergenic foods to keep in mind when feeding a baby?
Answer: With any new food, you'll want to be on the lookout for any allergic reactions. There are more than 160 allergenic foods; certain foods may be more allergenic than others. The following eight foods and food groups are known to possibly cause problems with allergic reactions possibly up to 90% of the time. Cow's milk Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts (such as walnuts or almonds) Fish Shellfish Soy Wheat New nutrition guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics say it's okay to introduce these allergy-causing foods when your baby is ready to eat solids. Infants at highest risk of developing peanut allergies are those with eczema or egg allergies or both.
Question: When should you call 911 about food allergy symptoms in your baby?
Answer: The following eight foods and food groups are known to possibly cause problems with allergic reactions possibly up to 90% of the time. If your baby is having trouble breathing/wheezing, has swelling on her face/lips, or develops severe vomiting or diarrhea after eating, immediately call 911. You can inform your pediatrician at a later time.
Question: What is the most important treatment for burning feet due to neuropathy?
Answer: The most important treatment for burning feet due to neuropathy is to stop any ongoing nerve damage. In some cases treatment of the underlying disease will improve the neuropathy and symptoms. In other situations, like a small fiber neuropathy, where no cause can be identified, the physician will focus on treating the person's symptoms.
Question: Can infections and inflammation cause burning sensation of the feet?
Answer: Many other conditions can cause neuropathy or a burning sensation in the feet: Chronic kidney disease (uremia) Small fiber neuropathy Vitamin deficiency (vitamin B12, folate, and occasionally vitamin B6) Alcohol abuse Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) Lyme disease HIV/ AIDS Amyloid polyneuropathy Drug side effects, including chemotherapy drugs, vitamin B6 overdose, HIV medicines, amiodarone, isoniazid, metformin, and others Erythromelalgia Heavy metal poisoning (lead, mercury, arsenic) Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) Sarcoidosis Guillain- Barre syndrome ( GBS) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP) Besides neuropathy, infections and inflammation of the feet can also cause a burning sensation. The most common of these is athlete's foot, an infection of the skin caused by fungus.
Question: How does neuropathy cause burning feet?
Answer: See More: What Your Feet Say About Your Health Most often, neuropathy is the cause of burning feet. Damaged nerve fibers are more likely to become overactive and misfire. The damaged nerves send pain signals to the brain even though there is no wound. In most people with neuropathy, the leg nerves become damaged first. These people often have tingling and numbness in the feet as well. Many people complain that their feet are overly sensitive to touch (hyperesthesia) and can have varying degrees of burning pain. It can range from mild to disabling.
Question: What is the cause of burning feet?
Answer: See More: What Your Feet Say About Your Health Most often, neuropathy is the cause of burning feet. Damaged nerve fibers are more likely to become overactive and misfire. The damaged nerves send pain signals to the brain even though there is no wound. In most people with neuropathy, the leg nerves become damaged first. These people often have tingling and numbness in the feet as well. Many people complain that their feet are overly sensitive to touch (hyperesthesia) and can have varying degrees of burning pain. It can range from mild to disabling.
Question: What medications are used to treat burning feet?
Answer: Burning feet treatments include treating the pain and abnormal sensations created by neuropathy. Some commonly prescribed medications for burning feet include: amitriptyline carbamazepine ( Tegretol) desipramine ( Norpramin) duloxetine ( Cymbalta) gabapentin ( Neurontin) pregabalin ( Lyrica) topiramate ( Topamax) venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Other pain medications may be necessary to reduce the severe discomfort some people experience from burning feet.
Question: How are nerve conduction studies used to treat burning feet?
Answer: Nerve conduction study. A nerve conduction study tests the ability of nerves to transmit impulses. A nerve is stimulated, and the response in the muscle controlled by that nerve is measured.
Question: What is the treatment for burning feet caused by athlete's foot?
Answer: For burning feet caused by athlete's foot, antifungal drugs can cure the fungal infection and relieve burning feet symptoms. Over-the-counter medicines like miconazole ( Micatin) or terbinafine ( Lamisil AT) should be used first. Prescription antifungals like fluconazole ( Diflucan), itraconazole ( Sporanox), and naftifine ( Naftin) are also available.
Question: Are additional pain medications necessary to treat severe burning feet?
Answer: Some commonly prescribed medications for burning feet include: amitriptyline carbamazepine ( Tegretol) desipramine ( Norpramin) duloxetine ( Cymbalta) gabapentin ( Neurontin) pregabalin ( Lyrica) topiramate ( Topamax) venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Other pain medications may be necessary to reduce the severe discomfort some people experience from burning feet. Over-the-counter medicines like Advil, Aleve, Motrin IB, and Tylenol control pain in many people with burning feet. Prescription pain relievers like tramadol ( Ultram) or low-dose opiates (narcotics) may be necessary for severe pain.
Question: How are other forms of neuropathy that cause burning feet treated?
Answer: Most burning feet treatments focus on preventing further nerve damage and reducing pain. Many other conditions can cause neuropathy or a burning sensation in the feet: Chronic kidney disease (uremia) Small fiber neuropathy Vitamin deficiency (vitamin B12, folate, and occasionally vitamin B6) Alcohol abuse Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) Lyme disease HIV/ AIDS Amyloid polyneuropathy Drug side effects, including chemotherapy drugs, vitamin B6 overdose, HIV medicines, amiodarone, isoniazid, metformin, and others Erythromelalgia Heavy metal poisoning (lead, mercury, arsenic) Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) Sarcoidosis Guillain- Barre syndrome ( GBS) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP) Besides neuropathy, infections and inflammation of the feet can also cause a burning sensation. Specific conditions and their treatments include: Vitamin deficiency. Taking additional vitamin B12 orally or by injection can replace low levels of this nutrient. Alcoholism. Stopping excessive drinking prevents ongoing nerve damage and allows nerves to heal. Chronic kidney disease. Dialysis may be necessary to eliminate toxins causing neuropathy and burning feet symptoms. Hypothyroidism. Taking oral thyroid hormone raises low thyroid levels, often reversing neuropathy as well as burning feet symptoms. Treatments are very specialized and include plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) or immune globulin therapy ( IVIG).
Question: What causes burning feet?
Answer: Diabetes and alcohol abuse are by far the most common causes of neuropathy in the legs. Poor absorption of B vitamins after gastric bypass can cause neuropathy in the legs and a sensation of burning feet. For people with other forms of neuropathy that cause burning feet, preventing further nerve damage is equally important.
Question: What if you hate exercise but need to treat high triglycerides?
Answer: Solution: You're more likely to make exercise a part of your healthier life if it's convenient and enjoyable. It also helps to work out with a buddy who shares your goals. If you have aches or pains, see if your doctor can recommend a physical therapist. Your health insurance company may cover the cost if your doctor refers you. If your insurer doesn't cover physical therapy, also check out certified personal trainers to design a custom approach to exercise that will work with your lifestyle.
Question: What if you don't like how your medicine makes you feel but you need to treat high triglycerides?
Answer: Solution: Let your doctor know. It may be possible to switch to another drug or adjust your dose. It is possible that lifestyle changes alone will be the best approach.
Question: What conditions are caused by syphilis?
Answer: It's easily treated with antibiotics. If you have syphilis and don't get treated, the infection can lead to a number of serious -- even life-threatening -- conditions. They develop over many years and may include: Heart disease Nervous system disorders Mental disorders Blindness Aortic aneurysms If you have syphilis and are pregnant, you can pass it on to your unborn child.
Question: Can having syphilis raise your chances of getting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Answer: That's because syphilis sores can be open, making it easy for HIV to get into your body while you're having sex.
Question: What are gummas, and how are they related to syphilis?
Answer: These are small bumps of dead tissue and fiber. They can form throughout your body if you don't get treated. You can get them in your internal organs and on bones or skin in the late stages. They typically go away with treatment.
Question: What problems with your nervous system are caused by syphilis?
Answer: It's easily treated with antibiotics. Symptoms include: Severe headache Stroke Loss of muscle coordination Paralysis or inability to move part of your body Numbness A mental disorder called dementia Blindness or changes to vision
Question: When can you do normal activities after a pacemaker implant?
Answer: Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the incision site Warmth along the incision Increased body temperature (fever or chills) After your pacemaker is implanted, you may move your arm; you don't have to restrict its motion during normal daily activities. Avoid extreme pulling or lifting motions (such as placing your arm over your head without bending at the elbow). Activities such as golf, tennis, and swimming should be avoided for six weeks from when the pacemaker was implanted. Microwave ovens, electric blankets, and heating pads may be used. Cellular phones should be used on the side opposite your pacemaker. Ask your doctor or nurse for more specific information regarding what types of equipment may interfere with your pacemaker.
Question: How can you care for your wound after a pacemaker implant?
Answer: Keep the area where the pacemaker was inserted clean and dry. After about five days, you may take a shower. Look at your wound daily to make sure it is healing. Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the incision site Warmth along the incision Increased body temperature (fever or chills) After your pacemaker is implanted, you may move your arm; you don't have to restrict its motion during normal daily activities.
Question: What is a follow-up schedule for a pacemaker?
Answer: Here is an outline of a typical pacemaker follow-up schedule: Check before you are discharged from the hospital, the day after implant Telephone call two weeks after implantation to make sure the wound is healing and to ensure the transmitter is working Six-week check Telephone checks every three to six months starting three months after your six-week check Pacemaker analysis every three to six months (in between telephone checks) Pacemakers usually last 6 to 10 years.
Question: How long will my pacemaker last?
Answer: Here is an outline of a typical pacemaker follow-up schedule: Check before you are discharged from the hospital, the day after implant Telephone call two weeks after implantation to make sure the wound is healing and to ensure the transmitter is working Six-week check Telephone checks every three to six months starting three months after your six-week check Pacemaker analysis every three to six months (in between telephone checks) Pacemakers usually last 6 to 10 years. Biventricular pacemakers that are combined with an ICD do not tend to last as long.
Question: How do they keep the area sterile of where they insert the pacemaker?
Answer: Because it is very important to keep the area of insertion sterile to prevent infection, your chest will be shaved (if necessary) and cleansed with a special soap. Sterile drapes will be used to cover you from your neck to your feet. A soft strap will be placed across your waist and arms to prevent your hands from coming in contact with the sterile field.
Question: How is a pacemaker places inside your heart?
Answer: The tip of the lead attaches to your heart muscle. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your upper chest. This technique is done under local anesthesia (you will not be asleep). Outside the Heart ( Epicardial approach): Your chest will be opened and the lead tip is attached to the outside of the heart. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your abdomen.
Question: What happens during the final pacemaker check after the pacemaker is implanted?
Answer: Final pacemaker check: For your final pacemaker check, you will sit in a reclining chair. A small machine known as a programmer is used to check your pacemaker. It has a wand that is placed directly over the device. This machine allows the technician to read your pacemaker settings and make changes during testing. With these changes, the function of the pacemaker and leads can be evaluated. You may feel your heart beating faster or slower. This is normal; however, report all symptoms to the technician. Results of the pacemaker check are discussed with your doctor who will then determine your pacemaker settings.
Question: How do I care for my wound after a pacemaker implant?
Answer: Keep the area where the pacemaker was inserted clean and dry. After about five days, you may take a shower. Look at your wound daily to make sure it is healing. Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the incision site Warmth along the incision Increased body temperature (fever or chills) After your pacemaker is implanted, you may move your arm; you don't have to restrict its motion during normal daily activities.
Question: What should you wear when you go to the hospital for your biventricular pacemaker implant?
Answer: When you come to the hospital, wear comfortable clothes. You will change into a hospital gown for the procedure. Leave all jewelry and valuables at home.
Question: What are leads and how can they help with heart failure?
Answer: Leads are tiny wires implanted through a vein into the right ventricle and into the coronary sinus vein to pace or regulate the left ventricle. Usually (but not always), a lead is also implanted into the right atrium. This helps the heart beat in a more balanced way.
Question: How does a biventricular pacemaker help treat heart failure?
Answer: Cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT), also called biventricular pacing, uses a special kind of pacemaker, called a biventricular pacemaker, designed to help the ventricles contract more normally. It keeps the right and left ventricles pumping in sync by sending small electrical impulses through the leads. This therapy has been shown to improve the symptoms of heart failure and overall quality of life in certain patients with significant symptoms that aren't controlled with medication.
Question: How does heart failure affect the way your heart pumps blood?
Answer: When a person has heart failure, often the right and left ventricles do not pump synchronously. And when the heart's contractions become out of sync, the left ventricle may not be able to pump enough blood to the body. This eventually leads to an increase in heart failure symptoms, such as shortness of breath, dry cough, swelling in the ankles or legs, weight gain, increased urination, fatigue, or rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Question: Does cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) help with heart failure?
Answer: This therapy has been shown to improve the symptoms of heart failure and overall quality of life in certain patients with significant symptoms that aren't controlled with medication.
Question: Who do biventricular pacemakers help?
Answer: Biventricular pacemakers improve the symptoms of heart failure in about 50% of people that have been treated with medications but still have significant heart failure symptoms.
Question: When will I be able to go home after a pacemaker implant?
Answer: Usually, you will be able to go home the day after your pacemaker is implanted. Your doctor will discuss the results of the procedure and answer any questions you may have. A doctor or nurse will go over specific instructions for your care at home. Please ask a responsible adult to drive you home, as the medications you received may cause drowsiness, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate heavy machinery.
Question: How is a pacemaker placed outside the heart?
Answer: Outside the Heart ( Epicardial approach): Your chest will be opened and the lead tip is attached to the outside of the heart. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your abdomen. This technique is done under general anesthesia (you will be asleep) by a surgeon. This is typically performed in conjunction with open heart surgery being performed for another reason.
Question: When will the doctor need to check my pacemaker?
Answer: A follow-up pacemaker check is scheduled every three to six months. This check differs from the telephone check because the leads are also tested. Leads cannot be checked thoroughly over the telephone.
Question: How do doctors implant a biventricular pacemaker?
Answer: Pacemakers can be implanted two ways: Inside the Heart ( Endocardial, Transvenous approach): This is the most common technique used. A lead is placed into a vein (usually under your collarbone), and then guided to your heart. The tip of the lead attaches to your heart muscle. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your upper chest. This technique is done under local anesthesia (you will not be asleep). Outside the Heart ( Epicardial approach): Your chest will be opened and the lead tip is attached to the outside of the heart. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your abdomen. This technique is done under general anesthesia (you will be asleep) by a surgeon. This is typically performed in conjunction with open heart surgery being performed for another reason. Your doctor will decide which approach is best for you, although almost all patients receive the transvenous approach.
Question: When can you go home after your pacemaker implant?
Answer: Usually, you will be able to go home the day after your pacemaker is implanted. Your doctor will discuss the results of the procedure and answer any questions you may have. A doctor or nurse will go over specific instructions for your care at home. Please ask a responsible adult to drive you home, as the medications you received may cause drowsiness, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate heavy machinery.
Question: What is a pacemaker identification card?
Answer: Pacemaker Identification: You will receive a temporary ID card that tells you what type of pacemaker and leads you have, the date of implant and the doctor who implanted it. In about three months following implantation, you will receive a permanent card from the company. It is important that you CARRY THIS CARD AT ALL TIMES in case you need medical attention at another hospital.
Question: How will you know if your pacemaker needs to be changed?
Answer: After getting a pacemaker, you will need to follow-up with the doctor and nurses in a pacemaker clinic and through phone check-ups. This will allow them to monitor your pacemaker's function and anticipate when it will need to be changed. In addition, the pacemaker may be programmed to beep when the battery is low. Your doctor will demonstrate this beep for you. Resynchronization therapy is only one part of a comprehensive heart failure management program. Device and/or surgical therapy, when combined with taking medications, following a low-sodium diet, making lifestyle changes, and following up with a heart failure specialist, will help you decrease symptoms and live a longer, more active life. Your doctor will help determine what treatment options are best for you.
Question: How does the doctor test if the leads are in place for the pacemaker?
Answer: After the leads are in place, the doctor tests the leads to make sure lead placement is correct, the leads are sensing and pacing appropriately and the right and left ventricle are synchronized. This is called "pacing" and involves delivering small amounts of energy through the leads into the heart muscle. This causes the heart to contract. When your heart rate increases, you may feel your heart is racing or beating faster. It is very important to tell your doctor or nurse any symptoms you feel. Any pain should be reported immediately.
Question: When is a combination implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker therapy recommended to treat heart failure?
Answer: People with heart failure who have poor ejection fractions (measurement that shows how well the heart pumps with each beat) are at risk for fast irregular heart rhythms -- some of which can be life-threatening -- called arrhythmias. Currently, doctors use an ICD to prevent these dangerous rhythms. The device works by detecting such a rhythm and shocking the heart back to normal. These devices can combine biventricular pacing with anti-tachycardia (fast heart rate) pacing and internal defibrillators ( ICDs) to deliver treatment as needed. Current studies are showing that resynchronization may even lessen the amount of arrhythmia that occurs, decreasing the times the ICD needs to shock the heart. These devices are helping heart failure patients live longer and improving their quality of life. This check is very important because adjustments will be made that can prolong the life of your pacemaker.