anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the signs of sexual abuse in children?
Answer: Signs of physical abuse may include: Bruises, welts, or other injuries that can't be explained or don't match with the child's story Burns, especially from cigarettes, that can't be explained Injury marks that have a pattern, like from a hand, belt, or other objects Injuries that are at different stages of healing Medical or dental issues that go untreated Kids who've been physically abused may also: Avoid any kind of touch or physical contact Be afraid to go home Seem to always be on high alert Wear clothing that doesn't match the weather -- such as long sleeves on hot days -- to cover up bruises Withdraw from friends and activities Signs of sexual abuse may include: Avoiding a certain person for no clear reason Bloody, torn, or stained underwear Bruising or bleeding around the genitals Pain or itching around the genitals that might cause problems walking or sitting Pregnancy or STDs, especially for boys and girls under 14 years old Refusing to change clothes in front of others Running away from home Sexual activity or knowledge that people usually have only when they're older Signs of emotional abuse may include: Constant worry about doing something wrong Speech problems or delays in learning and emotional development Depression and low self-esteem Doing poorly in school Extreme behavior, such as being way too obedient or way too demanding Headaches and stomachaches with no clear cause The child doesn't seem close to a parent or caregiver Showing little interest in friends and activities Signs of neglect may include: Always looking dirty Being left alone or in the care of other young children Eating more than usual at a meal or saving food for later Doesn't get medical, dental, or mental health care Missing a lot of school Poor weight gain and growth If you suspect child abuse, it's important to report it.
Question: What should I do if I think my child has vision problems?
Answer: You child might be having trouble with her sight if she: Complains about headaches or blurry vision Closes one eye Rubs her eyes Complains about pain in one or both eyes Has an eye that turns in, out, up, down, or wanders Has eyes that cross or can't focus Holds books really close to see the words If you spot one of these symptoms, make an appointment with her pediatrician or an eye doctor. Getting a checkup right away can let the doctor find vision problems before they can affect her sight -- and school performance. It's very important to watch your child, since many kids don't know something is wrong!
Question: What does it mean when my child can't see things far away?
Answer: It might be: Nearsightedness, or myopia. What to do: Get her vision checked. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can improve distance vision.
Question: What does it mean when my child squints?
Answer: Does she have a vision problem? It can be a sign of nearsightedness, or myopia, as your doctor would call it. Nearsightedness is just one of several common childhood vision problems. One out of every 4 kids has trouble with eyesight. Often, parents don't know there's a problem. That's why all children should get regular eye exams. To get your child fitted, see an eye specialist.
Question: How can I know if my child has vision problems?
Answer: Some kids have a lazy eye. Most of the time, they squint. You child might be having trouble with her sight if she: Complains about headaches or blurry vision Closes one eye Rubs her eyes Complains about pain in one or both eyes Has an eye that turns in, out, up, down, or wanders Has eyes that cross or can't focus Holds books really close to see the words If you spot one of these symptoms, make an appointment with her pediatrician or an eye doctor.
Question: Which sites should be used for self-injection?
Answer: Important: Only use the sites on the front of your body for self-injection. Any of the sites may be used if someone else is giving you the injection.
Question: What can happen if someone withdraws too much cloudy insulin?
Answer: Important: This must be an exact measurement. If you withdraw too much cloudy insulin, the total dosage in the syringe must be discarded. Be careful not to push any of the clear insulin from the syringe into the cloudy insulin. If there are large air bubbles after mixing the insulin in the syringe, discard this dosage and start the procedure again. Do not push the insulin back into the bottle.
Question: How do you select and clean an injection site when giving yourself an insulin shot?
Answer: Do not inject near joints, the groin area, navel, the middle of the abdomen, or near scars. Clean the injection site (about 2 inches of your skin) in a circular motion with an alcohol wipe or a cotton ball dampened with rubbing alcohol. Leave the alcohol wipe or cotton ball nearby.
Question: What is an insulin shot?
Answer: Subcutaneous tissue (also called "sub Q" tissue) is found throughout your body.
Question: What are the guidelines for injections?
Answer: Follow these guidelines: Ask your doctor, nurse, or health educator which sites you should use. Move the site of each injection. Inject at least 1 1/2 inches away from the last injection site. Try to use the same general injection area at the same time of each day (for example, use the abdomen for the injection before lunch). Note: The abdomen absorbs insulin the fastest, followed by the arms, thighs, and buttocks. Keep a record of which injection sites you have used.
Question: How does someone prepare the insulin and syringe?
Answer: Remove the plastic cap from the insulin bottle. Roll the bottle of insulin between your hands two to three times to mix the insulin. Do not shake the bottle, as air bubbles can form and affect the amount of insulin withdrawn. Wipe off the rubber part on the top of the insulin bottle with an alcohol pad or cotton ball dampened with alcohol. Set the insulin bottle nearby on a flat surface. Remove the cap from the needle.
Question: Where should someone go to learn about proper disposal of insulin needles?
Answer: Do NOT put this container in the recycling bin. Some communities have specific disposal laws. Check with your local health department for specific disposal instructions in your community.
Question: How do I rotate insulin injection sites?
Answer: Important: Only use the sites on the front of your body for self-injection. Follow these guidelines: Ask your doctor, nurse, or health educator which sites you should use. Move the site of each injection. Try to use the same general injection area at the same time of each day (for example, use the abdomen for the injection before lunch). Keep a record of which injection sites you have used.
Question: What should someone do when they are finished injecting insulin?
Answer: Select a clean, dry work area, and gather the following insulin supplies: Bottle of insulin Sterile insulin syringe (needle attached) with wrapper removed Two alcohol wipes (or cotton balls and a bottle of rubbing alcohol) One container for used equipment (such as a hard plastic or metal container with a screw-on or tightly secured lid or a commercial "sharps" container) Wash hands with soap and warm water and dry them with a clean towel. Remove the needle cap. When the container is full, put the lid or cover on it and throw it away with the trash.
Question: How do I treat symptoms of broken or knocked-out teeth?
Answer: Control bleeding with sterile gauze or cloth. For pain and swelling, apply a cool compress. Encourage a child to suck on a frozen pop. For pain, take ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
Question: What are some first aid steps for a knocked-out teeth?
Answer: Touch only the crown, the top part of the tooth. Rinse the tooth gently in a bowl of lukewarm water for no more than 10 seconds only if there is dirt or foreign matter on it. Rinse mouth with warm water. If possible, reinsert permanent teeth into the correct sockets and have the person bite on a gauze pad to hold teeth in place. If you can't reinsert permanent teeth, or for baby teeth or teeth fragments, store them in whole milk or between your cheek and gum to prevent drying. For teeth that have been knocked out, see a dentist or go to an emergency room immediately. Take the teeth or teeth fragments with you.
Question: What are salicylates?
Answer: Salicylates are chemicals found in plants and are a major ingredient in aspirin and other pain-relieving medications. They're also naturally in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in many common health and beauty products.
Question: How can autoimmune thyroiditis cause goiter?
Answer: As the disease goes on, your thyroid may become enlarged, a condition called a goiter. The front of your neck will look swollen, and it might make your throat feel full. It may not hurt. Left alone, the thyroid will eventually shrink on its own, but that doesn't mean you're cured. That just means your thyroid is damaged.
Question: What foods and supplements can mess with your treatment for autoimmune thyroiditis?
Answer: You'll need to take medicine for the rest of your life.
Question: What causes autoimmune thyroiditis?
Answer: Or it could be a combination of causes.
Question: How is autoimmune thyroiditis treated?
Answer: The usual therapy is a prescription medicine called levothyroxine ( Levo- T, Levothroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, Unithroid). It's a man-made version of what a healthy thyroid makes. Your doctor will keep an eye on you and may have to adjust your dosage every once in a while. You'll need to take medicine for the rest of your life.
Question: Who is more likely to get autoimmune thyroiditis?
Answer: You may be more likely to get autoimmune thyroiditis if you: Are a woman Are middle-aged Have another autoimmune disorder like lupus, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis Are related to someone who has autoimmune thyroiditis Have been exposed to environmental radiation You may not have any in the beginning.
Question: How is autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed?
Answer: Symptoms can include: Tiredness Sensitivity to cold Puffy face Trouble pooping Enlarged tongue Pale, dry skin and brittle nails Hair loss Weight gain Muscle aches and joint pain Depression Memory lapse Heavy menstrual bleeding Your doctor will order blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels. The tests also look for something called thyroperoxidase antibodies. You also might have an ultrasound so your doctor can look at your thyroid, especially if your blood test results aren't clear. Your doctor might spot the problem through regular blood tests even if you don't have any symptoms, especially if they're aware that your family has a history of thyroid problems.
Question: What is autoimmune thyroiditis?
Answer: That can affect your energy level, mood, and weight. If your thyroid becomes inflamed, you have thyroiditis. Sometimes it happens because your body makes antibodies that attack your thyroid by mistake. This condition is called autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or Hashimoto's disease. The front of your neck will look swollen, and it might make your throat feel full. That just means your thyroid is damaged.
Question: Is hyperhidrosis serious?
Answer: Focal hyperhidrosis isn't medically serious. Other forms of excessive sweating, though, can signal underlying medical problems. Sweating all over the body at once is called generalized hyperhidrosis. It's frequently caused by diseases affecting the whole body. Infections, hormone problems, cancer, or nerve problems can be responsible. It often occurs during sleep, unlike focal hyperhidrosis, which occurs only when awake. Anyone with all-over body sweating should see a doctor as soon as possible.
Question: Can hyperhidrosis treatment help?
Answer: Despite the serious negative impact hyperhidrosis has on the lives of those who suffer from it, most never seek treatment. Generally, people with focal hyperhidrosis have been living with their problem since they were young. After learning to live with excessive sweating, they often don't recognize their problem is treatable. That's too bad, because effective hyperhidrosis treatments are available. Although no treatment is perfect, hyperhidrosis medications and procedures can help many people with the condition.
Question: How does hyperhidrosis begin?
Answer: Sweating is worst in the palms, soles, or underarms. When excessive sweating is limited to these areas, it's called focal hyperhidrosis. Most people with focal hyperhidrosis are otherwise completely healthy. Studies suggest that they are no more nervous or easily upset than people who sweat normally.
Question: Which doctors can help with hyperhidrosis?
Answer: Dermatologists are generally the best doctors for treating excessive sweating that's not controlled by OTC products. They are usually more familiar with hyperhidrosis treatment, especially when sweating is severe. Depending on your insurance, you may need a referral to a dermatologist from your regular doctor.
Question: What does the treatment of hyperhidrosis involve?
Answer: Hyperhidrosis that's controllable by OTC treatment doesn't need a doctor's visit. Antiperspirants can even be used at bedtime. Prescription antiperspirants: Most people with hyperhidrosis will sweat through OTC antiperspirants. A doctor can prescribe a higher-strength, aluminum salt-based antiperspirant. This can be effective for mild cases of excessive sweating. Some more advanced treatments for hyperhidrosis include: Iontophoresis: This involves soaking the hands or feet in a basin of water through which a mild electric current is passed.
Question: What are the symptoms of a pleural effusion?
Answer: You're more likely to have symptoms when a pleural effusion is moderate or large-sized, or if there is also inflammation. If you do have symptoms, they may include: Shortness of breath Chest pain, especially when breathing in deeply ( This is called pleurisy or pleuritic pain.)
Question: How is a pleural effusion treated?
Answer: Your doctor may need to treat only the medical condition that caused the pleural effusion. You would get antibiotics for pneumonia, for instance, or diuretics for congestive heart failure.
Question: What are common causes of a pleural effusion?
Answer: But it can also come from liver or kidney disease, when fluid builds up in your body and leaks into the pleural space. Cancer. Infections. Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis are some diseases that can cause it. Pulmonary embolism. You can then drain the pleural effusion at home.
Question: What are some non-food ways to reward yourself for losing weight?
Answer: Rewards may include treating yourself to a movie or massage, taking an afternoon off from work, or giving an hour of time to yourself. Keep in mind that many small rewards, given for meeting small goals, can work better than bigger rewards for long, difficult goals.
Question: How does setting the right goals help with long-term weight loss?
Answer: Most people trying to lose weight only focus on their ultimate goal: dropping pounds. But it's important not to lose sight of the diet and exercise changes that will get you there. Choose two or three diet and exercise goals at a time that you are willing to take on. And make sure they are specific and realistic.
Question: What are examples of good goals for long-term weight loss?
Answer: For example, "exercise more" is a wonderful goal, but it's not specific. " Walk 5 miles every day" is specific and measurable. But is it realistic if you're just starting out? " Walk 30 minutes every day" is better, but what happens if work or weather interferes? " Walk 30 minutes for 5 days each week" is specific and realistic.
Question: How can knowing your food triggers help with long-term weight loss?
Answer: Are there situations that make you want to eat more? Start noticing them. For example, you may learn that you're more likely to overeat while you're bored or stressed. Then figure out ways to get around those triggers. Do something else to soothe your stress, for instance. Also, you might want to put treats away. You're more likely to eat them if they're visible and easy to get to.
Question: What tips can help you eat healthier and feel full longer when you're trying to lose weight?
Answer: So eat slower, giving your brain enough time to notice that you've eaten. What you eat can also help. Think fiber (like fruits and veggies) to fill up. Another trick is to use smaller plates so that small portions do not appear too small. Also, changing your eating schedule can help you reach your goal, especially if you tend to skip or delay meals and overeat later.
Question: What if my shampoo irritates my scalp?
Answer: What helps: Switch to a new shampoo. Look for fragrance-free, organic shampoo for color-treated hair or mild "baby" shampoos. Be sure to give your hair a good rinse.
Question: What hair products can irritate your scalp?
Answer: Treatments that color, bleach, or straighten your hair are the most likely hair products to irritate your scalp. If you use heat during processing -- to help lighten hair, for example -- the irritation can be worse.
Question: What can I do if the weather affects my sensitive scalp?
Answer: What helps: Try to keep indoor temperatures "just right" -- not too warm or too cool. Wash your hair less in winter to keep in oils and moisture that protect your scalp.
Question: Why do some shampoos cause irritation to my sensitive scalp?
Answer: Wash your hair less in winter to keep in oils and moisture that protect your scalp.
Question: How should I experiment with a new hair product?
Answer: What helps: Always do a patch test to see how your skin reacts before using a new hair product. If it stings or itches, try a different brand. If you're coloring your hair, try a semi-permanent color or a rinse. Permanent color has an ingredient called PPDA that can cause an allergic reaction. To limit exposure to harsh chemicals, retouch the roots instead of doing all-over color every time. Or highlight instead of lightening all over.
Question: What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Answer: It is a rare condition of irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia. The heart has an electrical system that works a certain way. Signals travel in an exact pattern from the upper to the lower chambers of the heart. This system keeps the heart beating regularly. People with Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome have an extra electrical pathway. It causes the abnormal heartbeats. And it could lead to a very serious arrhythmia called supraventricular tachycardia. This is when the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) beat very quickly.
Question: What are symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Answer: Some people have symptoms and some do not. You may have the following: Dizziness or feeling light-headed Palpitations or feeling your heart flutter or beat harder Loss of consciousness Trouble breathing or shortness of breath Your doctor will recommend that you see a cardiologist or heart specialist.
Question: How can a Holter monitor help in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Answer: You'll wear a monitor that records your heart rhythm for 24 hours or more.
Question: What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Answer: Parents can pass it down to their children. But most times it happens randomly and doesn't run in families. If you have this condition, you also might have other heart problems. Even when you're born with the syndrome, you may not find out you have it until you're in your teens or older.
Question: How can electrocardiography help in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Answer: Heart palpitations are one possible symptom of Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome. They might include: Electrocardiography to check the electrical activity of your heart.
Question: How do heart attacks happen?
Answer: Most heart attacks happen suddenly when one of the arteries leading to the heart becomes blocked and cuts off the blood flow. Without oxygen, the heart muscles start to die.
Question: What conditions can cause heart failure?
Answer: Heart failure can also stem from other conditions. They include: Heart valve disease Congenital heart defects Infections Irregular heartbeat Problems with the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) HIV/ AIDS Chemotherapy Thyroid disease Alcohol overuse Lung disease Symptoms of a heart attack vary from person to person.
Question: What is the difference between heart failure and a heart attack?
Answer: They have some common causes. But they also differ in key ways. Most heart attacks happen suddenly when one of the arteries leading to the heart becomes blocked and cuts off the blood flow. Without oxygen, the heart muscles start to die. Heart failure, on the other hand, usually develops gradually. The heart muscle becomes weaker and has trouble pumping blood to nourish the cells in your body. This is a chronic condition that gradually gets worse. But medications can help you live longer and better with it. Heart attacks can lead to heart failure by weakening the heart's pumping ability. Sometimes, heart failure comes on suddenly after a heart attack. Usually the symptoms are severe at first. This is called acute heart failure. But you can get better quickly with treatment and medication. Coronary artery disease is at the root of both heart attack and heart failure.
Question: How can you treat heart attacks?
Answer: If you have heart failure, you'll likely notice more than one of these classic symptoms: Shortness of breath (especially when lying down) Wheezing or coughing Fast or irregular heartbeat Tiredness Swelling around your ankles, legs, or stomach and weight gain from retaining fluid Confusion Heart attacks need to be treated right away. Call 911 even if you only suspect you're having one. Paramedics will probably give you blood-thinning aspirin to prevent any more clots and nitroglycerin to help blood flow. Your long-term treatment will depend on the cause, but many people recover well from a heart attack. You may need a procedure to open the blocked artery. With percutaneous coronary intervention, a surgeon threads a tube into the blocked artery. Then she expands a tiny balloon attached to the end of the tube to open the artery. At the same time, she may put a tiny mesh tube called a stent in to keep the artery propped open. Your doctor could suggest coronary artery bypass grafting. The surgeon takes out a healthy blood vessel and attaches it to the damaged vessel to create a detour for the blood. Your doctor will probably prescribe some long-term medications. They include drugs to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. She may also suggest you learn how to manage your underlying heart disease through diet and exercise.
Question: How does heart failure happen?
Answer: Heart failure, on the other hand, usually develops gradually. The heart muscle becomes weaker and has trouble pumping blood to nourish the cells in your body. This is a chronic condition that gradually gets worse. But medications can help you live longer and better with it.
Question: What are symptoms of a heart attack?
Answer: They include: Heart valve disease Congenital heart defects Infections Irregular heartbeat Problems with the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) HIV/ AIDS Chemotherapy Thyroid disease Alcohol overuse Lung disease Symptoms of a heart attack vary from person to person. They also can be different for men and women. But some signs of heart attacks are more common than others. They include: Pain or feeling of pressure in the center of the chest. It might feel like the area is being squeezed or like heartburn. The pain may last for several minutes or come and go. It can be mild or severe. Chest pain is the most common symptom. But some people don't have it at all. Pain and discomfort in your upper body, such as your neck, jaw, arms, back and stomach above your belly button. Trouble breathing. Nausea or vomiting, lightheadedness, feeling very tired and breaking out in a cold sweat. This is more common in women, as is shortness of breath.
Question: Are heart failure and heart attacks different?
Answer: They have some common causes. But they also differ in key ways. Coronary artery disease is at the root of both heart attack and heart failure.