anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is Tourette's syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: Tourette's can also cause problems with: Anxiety Learning disabilities such as dyslexia Obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD) -- thoughts and behaviors you can't control, like washing your hands over and over again If you or your child has symptoms of Tourette's, your doctor may want you to see a neurologist, a specialist who treats diseases of the nervous system. There aren't any tests for the condition, but he'll ask you questions, like: What did you notice that brought you here today? Do you often move your body in a way you can't control? How long has that been happening? Do you ever say things or make sounds without meaning to? When did it start? Does anything make your symptoms better? What makes them worse? Do you feel anxious or have trouble focusing? Does anyone else in your family have these kinds of symptoms?
Question: Where can I get support with living with Tourette's syndrome?
Answer: People who have family members with Tourette's are more likely to get it themselves.
Question: What are problems associated with Tourette's syndrome?
Answer: Doctors aren't sure why, but about half of people with Tourette's also have symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). You may have trouble paying attention, sitting still, and finishing tasks. Tourette's can also cause problems with: Anxiety Learning disabilities such as dyslexia Obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD) -- thoughts and behaviors you can't control, like washing your hands over and over again If you or your child has symptoms of Tourette's, your doctor may want you to see a neurologist, a specialist who treats diseases of the nervous system.
Question: What are some questions I should ask my doctor about Tourette's syndrome?
Answer: For some people, they go away completely. How long has that been happening? Do I need any more tests? What kind of specialists do I need to see? Do I need any treatment? Do the treatments have any side effects? If I have children, what are the chances they will have Tourette's? If your child has Tourette's, you may also want to ask how long his tics might last or what you can do to help him deal with his symptoms at home and at school.
Question: How can phytonutrients help your body?
Answer: Other plant-based foods also contain phytonutrients, such as: Whole grains Nuts Beans Tea Phytonutrients aren't essential for keeping you alive, unlike the vitamins and minerals that plant foods contain. But when you eat or drink phytonutrients, they may help prevent disease and keep your body working properly.
Question: What are good sources of resveratrol?
Answer: Resveratrol is found in: Grapes Purple grape juice Red wine It acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Question: Which foods are good sources of the phytonutrients lutein and zeaxanthin?
Answer: Good sources of these phytonutrients are greens such as: Spinach Kale Collards Ellagic acid is found in a number of berries and other plant foods, especially: Strawberries Raspberries Pomegranates Ellagic acid may help protect against cancer several different ways.
Question: What are good sources of lignans?
Answer: Two especially good sources of lignans are: Flaxseeds Sesame seeds However, research supporting a role for lignans in preventing endometrial cancer or osteoporosis is limited.
Question: Which berries and plant foods have ellagic acid?
Answer: Good sources of these phytonutrients are greens such as: Spinach Kale Collards Ellagic acid is found in a number of berries and other plant foods, especially: Strawberries Raspberries Pomegranates Ellagic acid may help protect against cancer several different ways.
Question: Which plant-based foods have phytonutrients?
Answer: Fruits and vegetables contain phytonutrients. Other plant-based foods also contain phytonutrients, such as: Whole grains Nuts Beans Tea Phytonutrients aren't essential for keeping you alive, unlike the vitamins and minerals that plant foods contain.
Question: How is peyronie's disease diagnosed?
Answer: Doctors typically diagnose Peyronie's disease by asking about symptoms and any injuries, and by examining the penis. Some doctors inject drugs into the penis to cause an erection so they can see the angle. If you bring in a photo of your erection, you can probably skip this. Your doctor may also order an ultrasound test of the area. There are ways to treat Peyronie's. If you see a family doctor or internist for the problem, he or she may refer you to a urologist for treatment.
Question: What are symptoms of Peyronie's disease?
Answer: That's where tissue in the hand becomes scarred and thickened. That can cause problems with erections, but no curving. In addition to a curve, other symptoms may include a lack of firmness, which may make it hard to keep an erection. Even before you notice a curve, you may have painful erections. The pain comes from inflammation caused by the injury and can lasts for many months. The pain usually eases once the injury heals and the scar tissue hardens.
Question: What tests are done to diagnose cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: He might give you blood or urine tests, X-rays or use other instruments to look for stomach, intestine or kidney problems. You might be sent to a gastroenterologist, a doctor who treats problems with the digestive system.
Question: What are symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: The main issue is intense nausea, which may come with strong stomach pains. It often sets in early in the morning and can last for several days. A typical bout may unfold like this: You might start to feel thirsty and sweaty and look pale.
Question: How common is cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: Doctors don't see it much. Cyclic vomiting syndrome happens more in children than adults. Only about 1.9% of children get it, one study found. The numbers for adults are less clear, though it may be more often than once thought. Even though it's rare, call your doctor if you are having symptoms.
Question: What causes cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: It's slightly more common in girls than boys, and is seen more in whites than in African- Americans or Latinos. Doctors don't see it much. Children who have the syndrome sometimes grow out of it, but many of them get migraines as adults.
Question: What are complications of cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: Dehydration is the biggest complication. If a bout is bad enough, you might have to go to a hospital to replace the fluids and electrolytes you lost through vomiting. Other complications might include: Esophagitis, which means the tube that goes from your throat to your stomach gets irritated by the acid you throw up. See a doctor right away if you see blood in your vomit or your stools when you go to the bathroom.
Question: What are treatments for cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Answer: Your doctor might recommend medication you can take to keep it from getting worse. Anti-nausea drugs might keep you from vomiting. You may take antacids to cut the amount of acid in your stomach or take other medicines to stop a migraine or lower your anxiety. And you'll probably be told to stay in bed in a quiet, dark room. You might also need other drugs to ease your symptoms.
Question: What is a low-pressure headache?
Answer: Two types of headaches are caused by a change of pressure inside your skull: Low-pressure headaches (your doctor may call them spontaneous intracranial hypotension, or SIH) and high-pressure headaches (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or IIH). A low-pressure headache often gets worse when you stand or sit. It can get better if you lie down. It can start at the back of the head, sometimes with neck pain, though it can be felt all over your head. It often gets worse with coughing, sneezing, and exertion. It can come with: Ringing in your ears Muffled hearing Dizziness Nausea You might feel a stabbing pain, throbbing, or just overall pressure in your head.
Question: What should you do if you get regular headaches?
Answer: For some, though, headaches are an inconvenient -- sometimes debilitating -- part of their lives. If you get regular headaches, it's important to work with your doctor to uncover the cause and find out how to treat it. That's not always easy because headaches can be caused by many things, from eating ice cream too quickly, to stroke, to many other serious conditions. Two types of headaches are caused by a change of pressure inside your skull: Low-pressure headaches (your doctor may call them spontaneous intracranial hypotension, or SIH) and high-pressure headaches (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or IIH). A low-pressure headache often gets worse when you stand or sit.
Question: What are symptoms of high-pressure headaches?
Answer: The symptoms of a high-pressure headache often mimic those of a brain tumor, which is why IIH used to be called âpseudotumor cerebri,â or âfalse brain tumor.â Those symptoms include: Migraine-like or throbbing pain that's often worse in the morning Neck and shoulder pain Headaches that get worse with coughing, sneezing, or exertion Severe headaches that last for a long time Changes in vision or a ringing in the ears IIH is rare.
Question: How are low-pressure headaches treated?
Answer: Treatment: Your symptoms may go away by themselves. Sometimes, rest, drinking lots of water, and caffeine may help. A common treatment is something called an epidural blood patch, which tries to stop your CSF leak. Blood is taken from your arm and injected into an area of your spinal canal to âpatchâ the leak. This may not work the first time -- the actual spot where the CSF leaks is hard to find -- so you may have to go through the procedure several times. Your doctor may prescribe a medicine called theophylline.
Question: How are high-pressure headaches treated?
Answer: Treatment: The best way to ease the effects of IIH is to lose weight. That lowers the pressure on your brain and your optic nerve. You may need weight loss surgery if you're severely obese. In some cases, a medication called acetazolamide is used to cut back on your body's production of CSF. In severe cases, you may need surgery to ease the pressure on your brain. Eye surgery is another possibility.
Question: What does heat rash look like?
Answer: It looks like tiny bumps surrounded by red skin. It usually happens on clothed parts of the body, such as your back, abdomen, neck, upper chest, groin, or armpits. And it usually gets better once your skin cools off.
Question: What is heat rash?
Answer: Heat rash, also called prickly heat or miliaria, is a common condition in which areas of the skin feel prickly or sting due to overheating. It can itch a lot, but it's not dangerous.
Question: How does inotropic therapy help treat heart failure?
Answer: Inotropic therapy: This helps make an injured or weakened heart pump harder to send blood through the body. It helps strengthen the heart muscle's contractions. It also relaxes constricted blood vessels so blood can flow more smoothly. Inotropic therapy may also speed up your heart's rhythm. You may get this if you have end-stage heart failure to help relieve and control your symptoms. These medicines are used only when others have stopped working on symptoms.
Question: How do ARBs help treat heart failure?
Answer: Angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs): These are used to lower blood pressure for people with heart failure. They help keep your blood vessels as wide as possible so blood can flow through your body more easily. They also lessen salt and fluid buildup in your body.
Question: How do diuretics help in treating high blood pressure and heart failure?
Answer: Diuretics: You may know these as water pills. They help your kidneys get rid of unneeded water and salt from your tissues and bloodstream. That makes it easier for your heart to pump. They treat high blood pressure and ease swelling and water buildup caused by some medical problems, including heart failure. They also help make breathing easier.
Question: What does digoxin do for your heart?
Answer: Digoxin: It helps an injured or weakened heart to send blood through the body and work more efficiently. It strengthens the force of the heart muscle's contractions. It may improve blood circulation. You may be prescribed this if you have an irregular heartbeat (your doctor may call this atrial fibrillation, or AFib). It may help slow down your heart rate.
Question: What do calcium channel blockers do?
Answer: Calcium channel blockers: These treat chest pain (your doctor may say âanginaâ) and high blood pressure. They relax blood vessels and increase blood and oxygen to your heart. That eases its workload. They treat heart failure caused by hypertension. But they're used only when other medicines to lower blood pressure don't work.
Question: What are PCSK9 inhibitors?
Answer: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 ( PCSK9) inhibitors: You may get this new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs if diet and statin treatments aren't helping. They block a liver protein called PCSK9. That protein hinders your liver's ability to get rid of LDL (bad) cholesterol.
Question: How do aldosterone inhibitors help in treating heart failure?
Answer: They protect your heart by blocking a chemical in your body called aldosterone that causes salt and fluid buildup. This medicine is for folks with some types of severe heart failure.
Question: How does warfarin help prevent blood clots?
Answer: You'll get these if you can't take ACE inhibitors. This medicine won't dissolve a blood clot. Over time, the clot may dissolve on its own. Warfarin may also prevent others from forming.
Question: How can I make my teen or tween with ADHD self-reliant for getting things done on time?
Answer: Your child shouldn't just rely on you to keep him on schedule. Have him set an alarm clock to get himself up in the morning. To keep aware of time, you may want to get him a watch.
Question: How can time management skills help teens and tweens with ADHD?
Answer: And trying to enforce these tasks may often lead to arguments and frustration. By teaching time management, you can make these daily responsibilities more manageable and lessen the stress for everyone. These life skills will also allow your child to become more independent. He'll gain confidence in knowing he can take care of himself. Routines give the day structure, which is helpful for kids with ADHD. An unplanned day can seem overwhelming to a child with ADHD.
Question: Where should I keep the list of daily activities for my teen or tween with ADHD?
Answer: Put the list where you both can see it. Have your child cross off each item when finished. Kids get a sense of accomplishment from knowing they've completed tasks.
Question: How can I help my teen or tween handle big activities?
Answer: Sit down with your child and make a list of all of his daily responsibilities. Together, break down big activities into smaller steps, and decide how long he needs for each task. Don't make the schedule just about tasks. Schedule breaks and other activities your child wants to do.
Question: How will organization help my teen or tween with ADHD with time management skills?
Answer: Clear the clutter off your teen's workspace so there's room to organize homework and space to study. It's hard for kids to get anything done when their desk is covered in a messy pile of papers. Have organizers and storage bins handy to keep papers, pencils, and other desk accessories in their proper places. Once you show your child how to organize things, tell him you expect him to keep it organized. Schedule time to put things away.
Question: How long should it take to teach time management skills to a teen or tween with ADHD?
Answer: You will have good days and bad days. Your child's time management skills won't improve overnight.
Question: Why are routines important for teens and tweens with ADHD?
Answer: An unplanned day can seem overwhelming to a child with ADHD. There are ways to make things more manageable for you and your teen or tween. It's common for kids with ADHD to put off doing things.
Question: What problems could develop with a dental crown?
Answer: Your newly crowned tooth may be sensitive immediately after the procedure as the anesthesia begins to wear off. If the tooth that has been crowned still has a nerve in it, you may experience some heat and cold sensitivity. Your dentist may recommend that you brush teeth with toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth. Pain or sensitivity that occurs when you bite down usually means that the crown is too high on the tooth. If this is the case, call your dentist. He or she can easily fix the problem.
Question: What happens during the second visit for a dental crown?
Answer: Second visit: Receiving the permanent dental crown At the second visit, your dentist will remove the temporary crown and check the fit and color of the permanent crown. If everything is acceptable, a local anesthetic will be used to numb the tooth and the new crown is permanently cemented in place.
Question: Why is a dental crown needed?
Answer: A dental crown may be needed in the following situations: To protect a weak tooth (for instance, from decay) from breaking or to hold together parts of a cracked tooth To restore an already broken tooth or a tooth that has been severely worn down To cover and support a tooth with a large filling when there isn't a lot of tooth left To hold a dental bridge in place To cover misshapened or severely discolored teeth To cover a dental implant To make a cosmetic modification For children, a crown may be used on primary (baby) teeth in order to: Save a tooth that has been so damaged by decay that it can't support a filling.
Question: What metals are used for dental crowns?
Answer: Metals used in crowns include alloys that have a high content of gold or platinum, or base-metal alloys (for example, cobalt- chromium and nickel-chromium alloys). Metal crowns withstand biting and chewing forces well and probably last the longest in terms of wear down. Also, metal crowns rarely chip or break. The metallic color -- and the high price of gold -- is the main drawback. Metal crowns are a good choice for out-of-sight molars.
Question: What happens after reshaping a tooth for a dental crown?
Answer: After reshaping the tooth, your dentist typically will use a paste or putty to make an impression of the tooth to receive the crown. Sometimes, though, impressions are made with a digital scanner. Impressions of the teeth above and below the tooth to receive the dental crown will also be made to make sure that the crown will not affect your bite. The impressions or scans are sent to a dental lab where the crown will be manufactured. The crown is usually returned to your dentist's office in two to three weeks. If the crown is made of porcelain, your dentist will also select the shade that most closely matches the color of the neighboring teeth. During this first office visit your dentist will make a temporary crown to cover and protect the prepared tooth while the crown is being made. Temporary crowns usually are made of acrylic and are held in place using a temporary cement.
Question: How are stainless steel dental crowns used?
Answer: Stainless steel crowns are prefabricated crowns that are used on permanent teeth primarily as a temporary measure. The crown protects the tooth or filling while a permanent crown is made from another material. For children, a stainless steel crown is commonly used to fit over a primary tooth that's been prepared to fit it. The crown covers the entire tooth and protects it from further decay. When the primary tooth comes out to make room for the permanent tooth, the crown comes out naturally with it. In general, stainless steel crowns are used for children's teeth because they don't require multiple dental visits to put in place and so are more cost- effective than custom-made crowns and prophylactic dental care needed to protect a tooth without a crown.
Question: How can you get a loose dental crown?
Answer: Sometimes the cement washes out from under the crown. Not only does this allow the crown to become loose, it allows bacteria to leak in and cause decay to the tooth that remains. If a crown feels loose, contact your dentist's office.
Question: How are porcelain-fused-to-metal dental crowns used?
Answer: Porcelain-fused-to-metal dental crowns can be color matched to your adjacent teeth (unlike the metallic crowns). However, more wearing to the opposing teeth occurs with this crown type compared with metal or resin crowns. The crown's porcelain portion can also chip or break off. Next to all-ceramic crowns, porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns look most like normal teeth. However, sometimes the metal underlying the crown's porcelain can show through as a dark line, especially at the gum line and even more so if your gums recede. These crowns can be a good choice for front or back teeth as well as long bridges where the metal is needed for strength.
Question: How much do dental crowns cost?
Answer: Costs of crowns vary depending on what part of the country you live in and on the type of crown selected (porcelain versus gold, for example). Generally, crowns can range in cost from $800 to $1700 or more per crown. A portion of the cost of a crown is generally covered by insurance. To be certain, check with your dental insurance company.
Question: How should I care for my temporary dental crown?
Answer: Because temporary dental crowns are just that -- a temporary fix until a permanent crown is ready -- most dentists suggest that a few precautions. These include: Avoid sticky, chewy foods (for example, chewing gum, caramel), which have the potential of grabbing and pulling off the crown. Minimize use of the side of your mouth with the temporary crown. Shift the bulk of your chewing to the other side of the mouth. Avoid chewing hard foods (such as raw vegetables), which could dislodge or break the crown. Slide rather than lift out dental floss when cleaning between your teeth to avoid pulling off the temporary crown.
Question: What happens before making a dental crown?
Answer: Before the process of making a crown begins, your dentist will anesthetize (numb) the tooth and the gum tissue around the tooth. Next, the tooth receiving the crown is reshaped along the chewing surface and sides to make room for the crown. The amount removed depends on the type of crown used. If, on the other hand, a large area of the tooth is missing (due to decay or damage), your dentist will use filling material to "build up" the tooth to support the crown.
Question: What happens during the first visit for a dental crown?
Answer: First visit: Examining and preparing the tooth At the first visit in preparation for a crown, your dentist may take a few X-rays to check the roots of the tooth receiving the crown and surrounding bone. If the tooth has extensive decay or if there is a risk of infection or injury to the tooth's pulp, a root canal treatment may first be performed.
Question: How can you get an allergic reaction from a dental crown?
Answer: Because the metals used to make crowns are usually a mixture of metals, an allergic reaction to the metals or porcelain used in crowns can occur, but this is extremely rare.
Question: How does a dentist prepare a tooth for a dental crown?
Answer: Preparing a tooth for a crown usually requires two visits to the dentist -- the first step involves examining and preparing the tooth, the second visit involves placement of the permanent crown. First visit: Examining and preparing the tooth At the first visit in preparation for a crown, your dentist may take a few X-rays to check the roots of the tooth receiving the crown and surrounding bone.
Question: How are all-resin dental crowns used?
Answer: However, they wear down over time and are more prone to fractures than porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. All-ceramic or all-porcelain dental crowns provide better natural color match than any other crown type and may be more suitable for people with metal allergies.