anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: It has often been thought of as an autoimmune disease, but research suggests that the chronic inflammation may not be due to the immune system attacking the body itself. Instead, it is a result of the immune system attacking a harmless virus, bacteria, or food in the gut, causing inflammation that leads to bowel injury. They include: Abdominal cramps and pain Diarrhea that may be bloody Severe urgency to have a bowel movement Fever Weight loss Loss of appetite Iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss IBD can lead to several serious complications in the intestines, including: Profuse intestinal bleeding from the ulcers Perforation, or rupture of the bowel Narrowing - called a stricture -- and obstruction of the bowel; found in Crohn's Fistulae (abnormal passages) and perianal disease, disease in the tissue around the anus; these conditions are more common in Crohn's than in ulcerative colitis.
Question: How is capsule endoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: You swallow a small capsule that has a camera in it. Pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach and small bowel and then sent to a receiver you wear on a belt. At the end of the procedure, the pictures are downloaded from the receiver onto a computer. The camera is passed through your body into the toilet. If you have Crohn's disease, especially if it's accompanied by a complication such as perianal disease (diseased tissue around the anus), the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to be taken with your other medicines.
Question: When are antibiotics used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
Answer: Antibiotics are less commonly used for ulcerative colitis. If you have Crohn's disease and require surgery, your doctor will discuss your options with you.
Question: Why is bone health important for those with lupus?
Answer: Good nutrition is important for strong bones and muscles. For people with lupus, bone health is a particular concern. That's because medications used to treat it can increase the risk for osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become less dense and break easily.
Question: What should I do if achieving or maintaining a healthy weight with lupus is a problem?
Answer: If weight loss or gain is a problem, it is important to speak with your doctor or nurse. The doctor or nurse can assess your diet and suggest a program to help control your weight. The program will probably include a low-fat diet and exercise. A registered dietitian can help you design a diet specifically for your needs and lifestyle.
Question: What types of diets can help those with lupus that are at risk for heart disease?
Answer: If your doctor finds you have risk factors for heart disease -- including high blood pressure or high cholesterol -- a low-fat diet and exercise may help. Your doctor may prescribe a low-sodium diet for high blood pressure.
Question: What foods can help improve bone health for those with lupus?
Answer: Eating foods high in calcium and vitamin D is important for bone health. When buying dairy products, choose ones that are either low-fat or fat-free. Good choices include: 1% or 1/2% skim milk low-fat, low-sodium yogurt low-fat cheese If you cannot drink milk, good alternatives include: lactose-free milk soy milk almond milk juices that are fortified with calcium and Vitamin D Dark green vegetables are another source of calcium. If you don't get enough calcium in your diet, your doctor will probably recommend a calcium supplement.
Question: How can a healthy diet help lupus?
Answer: If you have lupus, following a varied, healthy diet may help: Reduce inflammation and other symptoms Maintain strong bones and muscles Combat the side effects of medications Achieve or maintain a healthy weight Reduce the risk of heart disease Here's what you need to know about lupus, diet, and nutrition to gain these important benefits.
Question: What foods should people with lupus avoid?
Answer: Saturated fats, on the other hand, can raise cholesterol levels and may contribute to inflammation. So they should be limited. Sources of saturated fats include fried foods, commercial baked goods, creamed soups and sauces, red meat, animal fat, processed meat products, and high-fat dairy foods. That includes whole milk, half and half, cheeses, butter, and ice cream.
Question: Can diet and nutrition help or cure lupus?
Answer: In general, people with lupus should aim for a well-balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It should also include moderate amounts of meats, poultry, and oily fish. It can also result from medications that cause stomach upset or mouth sores. That makes a heart-healthy diet an important part of a lupus treatment plan.
Question: Why could foods that fight inflammation help with lupus symptoms?
Answer: Still, good nutrition is an important part of an overall treatment plan for the disease. So it's possible, though not proven, that foods that fight inflammation could help lupus symptoms. On the other hand, foods that fuel inflammation could worsen them.
Question: My child prefers a limited diet. Should I be worried about that?
Answer: As long as growth and weight gain are normal and the baby is achieving his or her milestones, there's usually no reason to worry about a fussy baby who prefers a limited diet. But if you find yourself worried about infant feeding problems, talk to your pediatrician before trying the following tips.
Question: What are signs of a picky eater?
Answer: They can also be signs your little one is simply full, distracted, or not feeling well. A baby can seem picky for dozens of reasons -- or no reason at all. There's only one way to find out: Try slowing down the next feeding, or picking up the pace.
Question: What are some tips to help tame a picky eater?
Answer: Never force feed. Try different textures. Transform the tempo. Some babies want to eat fast, others slow. Minimize distractions. Turn off the TV, remove toys and books, and help your little one focus on one thing: Eating. Keep meal length reasonable. Although you shouldn't rush mealtime, don't let it go on much longer than 20-30 minutes. Let baby touch his food. Let your baby participate. By about 9 months, many babies are interested in trying to feed themselves. Don't let on that you're frustrated or angry. Understand who's responsible for what. It's your job to feed your baby, but it's your baby's responsibility to decide what and how much to eat.
Question: Which blood clots are treated with thrombolysis?
Answer: Thrombolysis is also used to treat blood clots in: Veins that cause deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) or clots in the legs, pelvic area, and upper extremities; if left untreated, pieces of the clot can break off and travel to an artery in the lungs, resulting in an acute pulmonary embolism. Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).
Question: When should a thrombolysis be done when a blood clot is life threatening?
Answer: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).
Question: What risks are associated with thrombolysis?
Answer: These conditions include: Severe high blood pressure Active bleeding or severe blood loss Hemorrhagic stroke from bleeding in the brain Severe kidney disease Recent surgery Thrombolysis also may be associated with an increased risk of complications in patients who are pregnant or at an advanced age, and in people with other conditions. Patients who undergo thrombolysis have a small risk of infection (less than one in 1,000) as well as a slight risk of an allergic reaction to the contrast dye that may be needed for imaging. Besides risk of serious internal bleeding, other possible risks include: Bruising or bleeding at the access site Damage to the blood vessel Migration of the blood clot to another part of vascular system Kidney damage in patients with diabetes or other pre-existing kidney disease The most serious possible complication is intracranial bleeding, which is potentially fatal. But this complication is rare. Bleeding in the brain that causes stroke occurs in less than 1% of patients.
Question: How is a thrombolysis done?
Answer: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made). But treatment for a severe blockage may be necessary for several days. During this procedure, a long catheter tipped with a tiny suction cup, rotating device, high-speed fluid jet, or ultrasound device is used to physically break up the clot. Thrombolysis may not be recommended for patients who use blood-thinning medication, herbs, or dietary supplements, or for people with certain conditions associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Although thrombolysis is usually successful, the treatment is not able to dissolve the blood clot in up to 25% of patients.
Question: What is the prognosis after thrombolysis?
Answer: Thrombolysis, also known as thrombolytic therapy, is a treatment to dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, and prevent damage to tissues and organs. Another 12% of patients subsequently redevelop the clot or blockage in the blood vessel. In addition, thrombolysis alone -- even when successful -- cannot treat tissue that has already been damaged by compromised blood circulation. So, further treatment may be needed to address the underlying causes of the blood clot and repair damaged tissues and organs.
Question: Can you get vitamin E naturally from foods?
Answer: People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Good sources of vitamin E include: Vegetable oils Green leafy vegetables, like spinach Fortified cereals and other foods Eggs Nuts The risks and benefits of taking vitamin E are still unclear.
Question: What are the risks of taking vitamin E?
Answer: However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. Long-term use (over 10 years) of vitamin E has been linked to an increase in stroke. In addition, an analysis of clinical trials found patients who took either synthetic vitamin E or natural vitamin E in doses of 400 IU per day -- or higher -- had an increased risk of dying from all causes, which seems to increase even more at higher doses. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization. Vitamin E supplements might be harmful when taken in early pregnancy. One study found that women who took vitamin E supplementation during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy had a 1.7 to nine-fold increase in congenital heart defects. The exact amount of vitamin E supplements used by pregnant women in this study is unknown. A large population study showed that men using a multivitamin more than seven times per week in conjunction with a separate vitamin E supplement actually had a significantly increased risk of developing prostate cancer.
Question: What is vitamin E used for?
Answer: These are substances that protect cells from damage. However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. Topical vitamin E can irritate the skin.
Question: Why do people take vitamin E?
Answer: But studies of vitamin E for preventing cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and many other conditions have been disappointing. So far, the only established benefits of vitamin E supplements are in people who have an actual deficiency. Vitamin E deficiencies are rare. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization.
Question: Can death or loss cause depression?
Answer: Death or loss: Sadness and grief are normal reactions. Sometimes, though, such big stresses can bring serious symptoms of depression, like thoughts of suicide or feelings of worthlessness. Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression.
Question: What in your life can cause depression?
Answer: Life events: Even good things, like moving or graduating, could make you depressed. Other changes that can do that include: A new job Loss of employment or income Marriage Divorce Retirement Having a baby Other illnesses: Sometimes depression pairs with, or can be a reaction to, another illness.
Question: What illnesses can cause depression?
Answer: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition.
Question: Are genetics linked to depression?
Answer: Genetics: A history of depression in your family may make it more likely for you to get it. It's thought that the condition can be passed down. The exact way this happens, though, isn't clear.
Question: What can raise your odds of depression?
Answer: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too.
Question: Can medications cause depression?
Answer: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition. If this happens to you, talk with your doctor about changing what you take.
Question: Can abuse cause depression?
Answer: Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression. Abuse: Past physical, sexual, or emotional abuse can bring it on, as well.
Question: Can substance abuse cause depression?
Answer: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too. Some people misuse substances when they feel down. For others, heavy use of alcohol or drugs can bring on depression symptoms.
Question: What are the symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
Answer: The classic symptoms of HSP are rash, joint pain and swelling, abdominal pain, and/or related kidney disease, including blood in urine. Before these symptoms begin, patients may have two to three weeks of fever, headache, and muscular aches and pains. Rarely, other organs, such as the brain, heart, or lungs, may be affected.
Question: What causes Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
Answer: The body's immune system is believed to play a role in targeting the blood vessels involved. An abnormal immune response to an infection may be a factor in many cases. Approximately two-thirds of the cases of HSP occur days after symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection develop. Some cases of HSP have been linked to vaccinations for typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, measles, or hepatitis B; foods, drugs, chemicals, and insect bites. Some experts also say that HSP is associated with the colder weather of fall and winter.
Question: What is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
Answer: Henoch- Schonlein purpura ( HSP) is a disease involving inflammation of small blood vessels. It most commonly occurs in children. The inflammation causes blood vessels in the skin, intestines, kidneys, and joints to start leaking. The main symptom is a rash with numerous small bruises, which have a raised appearance, over the legs or buttocks.
Question: How is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura diagnosed?
Answer: The diagnosis of HSP may be clear when the typical rash, arthritis, and abdominal pain are present. A doctor may order some tests to rule out other diagnoses, confirm the diagnosis, and assess its severity. Occasionally, when the diagnosis is uncertain, particularly if the only symptom is the classic rash, your doctor may perform biopsies of the skin or kidney. Urine and blood tests will likely be done to detect signs of kidney involvement and may need to be repeated during follow-up to monitor any changes in kidney function.
Question: Does Henoch-Schonlein Purpura affect your kidneys?
Answer: In most patients, the kidney impairment is mild and goes away without any long-term damage. It's important to monitor the kidney problems closely and make sure they clear up, since about 5% of patients may develop progressive kidney disease. About 1% may go on to develop total kidney failure.
Question: Do birth control pills protect you from cancer?
Answer: One of the best âside effectsâ of the pill is that long-time use lowers your risk for ovarian and endometrial cancer. And if you took it for long enough, the payoff continues after you stop.
Question: Will acne and unwanted hair come back after I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: The pill can correct the hormone imbalance that makes your skin break out and grow hair in unwanted places. But the fix is temporary: Once you stop the birth control, your hormones can get off-kilter again, bringing back those issues.
Question: What will happen to my menstrual cycle after I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: Your cycle may get wacky. Even if your periods were like clockwork before you started birth control, it might take a few months for them to straighten out after you stop. And if you had irregular periods, you'll probably be off-kilter again -- the reliable schedule you enjoyed (or the long breaks between periods) came from the hormones in the pill. If your periods stopped altogether, it may take a few months for them to start up again.
Question: What will happen to my sex drive after I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: You might feel friskier. A small number of women find that the pill drives their libido down, especially if they take some very low-dose pills.
Question: Will I lose weight after I stop taking birth control?
Answer: Women who used a progestin-only type (like injections, hormonal IUDs, or pills) may have gained a few pounds, so the scale might go down when they stop using them. It's unclear whether combo pills, patches, or rings lead to weight gain. If you want to lose weight, though, you'll probably get more results from a better diet and more exercise than from going off your birth control.
Question: Can PMS come back if I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: The pill, especially some formulas, helps your body level out the hormonal chaos that can make you feel depressed, anxious, and irritable. Without that balancing, you may start feeling moody again.
Question: What happens to my periods after I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: Your periods could be heavier and crampier. If you had lots of bleeding and pain before you started, it's likely your problems will return. But if you started as a teenager and now you're in your late 30s or 40s, you may not go back to that kind of heavy flow.
Question: Will my headaches go away when I stop taking birth control pills?
Answer: If the pill tended to give you headaches, you're likely to get relief when you stop taking it.
Question: What is the most common side effect of anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers?
Answer: Unlike the serious side effects of oral steroids, the most common side effects of anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers are hoarseness and thrush, especially in elderly adults. As with all asthma inhalers, you should rinse the mouth carefully after using your inhaler. Gargle with water after inhalation to help reduce the risk of oral thrush.
Question: When should prednisone be taken for my asthma?
Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. If you have serious worsening of asthma symptoms (an asthma attack), your doctor may prescribe a brief course of oral steroids such as prednisone. Oral steroids may also be prescribed when your asthma symptoms worsen but you do not require hospitalization.
Question: What are the side effects long-term steroid use for asthma?
Answer: Steroids have many potential side effects, especially when given orally and for a long period of time. Side effects with short-term steroid use include: Weight gain Fluid retention High blood pressure Elevated blood sugar Side effects with long-term steroid use include: Growth suppression Diabetes Cataracts of the eyes Bone-thinning osteoporosis Muscle weakness Anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers are often used as a first-line controller treatment for asthma.
Question: What are the side effects short-term steroid use for asthma?
Answer: Steroids have many potential side effects, especially when given orally and for a long period of time. Side effects with short-term steroid use include: Weight gain Fluid retention High blood pressure Elevated blood sugar Side effects with long-term steroid use include: Growth suppression Diabetes Cataracts of the eyes Bone-thinning osteoporosis Muscle weakness Anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers are often used as a first-line controller treatment for asthma.
Question: How safe is prednisone and other oral steroids in treating asthma?
Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Besides prednisone, other systemic steroids used in the treatment of asthma include: Medrol, Methylpred, Solu- Medrol (methylprednisolone) Deltasone (prednisone) Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred, (prednisolone) Decadron (dexamethasone) While a two-week course or "short burst" of oral steroids like prednisone is relatively safe, it's important to avoid steroids on a long-term basis as there are potential serious side effects. Taking supplemental calcium may help to prevent osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, which is one of the side effects of long-term steroid use. Steroids have many potential side effects, especially when given orally and for a long period of time. After introduction of inhaled steroids, the need for oral steroids such as prednisone may decrease.
Question: What are other systemic steroids besides prednisone is used to treat asthma?
Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Besides prednisone, other systemic steroids used in the treatment of asthma include: Medrol, Methylpred, Solu- Medrol (methylprednisolone) Deltasone (prednisone) Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred, (prednisolone) Decadron (dexamethasone) While a two-week course or "short burst" of oral steroids like prednisone is relatively safe, it's important to avoid steroids on a long-term basis as there are potential serious side effects.
Question: How long should I take prednisone in treating asthma?
Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Sometimes systemic steroids like prednisone are taken in high doses for a few days. This is called a steroid burst. They may also be given in a low dose daily or every other day for long-term asthma control.
Question: What anti-inflammatory drug can be used for asthma as well as other lung diseases?
Answer: Prednisone and other steroids (inhaled, oral, or by injection) help calm airway inflammation in asthma. If you've ever had a serious asthma attack, you may have had high doses of steroids in the hospital administered intravenously. After introduction of inhaled steroids, the need for oral steroids such as prednisone may decrease.