anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How is lupus treated?
Answer: The type of lupus treatment prescribed will depend on several factors, including the person's age, type of drugs he or she is taking, overall health, medical history, and location and severity of disease. Because lupus is a condition that can change over time and is not always predictable, a critical part of good care includes periodic visits with a knowledgeable, accessible doctor, such as a rheumatologist. Some people with mild features of the disease do not require treatment, while people with serious involvement (such as kidney complications) may require powerful medications. Drugs used to treat lupus include: Steroids .
Question: How can alcohol affect lupus?
Answer: Alcohol can interact with your medications to cause significant stomach or intestinal problems, including ulcers.
Question: How can smoking affect lupus?
Answer: Smoking can impair circulation and worsen symptoms in people with lupus. Tobacco smoke also has negative effects on your heart, lungs, and stomach.
Question: How can lupus affect your skin?
Answer: Skin problems are a common feature of lupus. Some people with lupus have a red rash over their cheeks and the bridge of their nose -- called a "butterfly" or malar rash. Hair loss and mouth sores are also common. One particular type of lupus that generally affects only the skin is called "discoid lupus." With this type of lupus, the skin problems consist of large red, circular rashes that may scar. Skin rashes are usually aggravated by sunlight. A common lupus rash called subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is often worse after exposure to the sun. This type of rash can affect the arms, legs, and torso. An uncommon but serious form of lupus rash results in the development of large blisters and is called a "bullous" lupus rash.
Question: What is an antinuclear antibody test for lupus?
Answer: An antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test is a sensitive screening tool used to detect autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Antinuclear antibodies ( ANAs) are antibodies that are directed against certain structures within a cell's nucleus (thus, antinuclear antibody). ANAs are found in particular patterns in people with autoimmune diseases (those in which a person's immune system works against his or her own body). An ANA test is done on a sample of a person's blood. The test determines the strength of the antibodies by measuring how many times the person's blood must be diluted to get a sample that is free of antibodies.
Question: How can you live with someone who has lupus?
Answer: If someone close to you has lupus, your life will likely be affected, as well. It is important to understand your loved one's illness and what he or she may be expecting from you. The following are some tips for living with someone who has lupus: Learn about lupus and its treatment. Understanding the illness can help you know what to expect, and provide better support and understanding. Don't push. Give your loved one enough space to deal with the illness and regain some control over his or her life. When possible, go with the person to the doctor. This is a good way to offer support and to listen to what the doctor says. Sometimes, a person feels overwhelmed and cannot take in everything the doctor says. Encourage the person to take care of himself or herself and to follow the doctor's treatment plan, but do it gently. Be patient and don't nag. Be open with the person. Talk about your own fears and concerns, and ask the person about his or her fears and needs.
Question: How can lupus affect your blood?
Answer: Blood involvement can occur with or without other symptoms. People with lupus may have dangerous reductions in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets (particles that help clot the blood).
Question: How can lupus affect your kidneys?
Answer: Kidney involvement in people with lupus can be life threatening and may occur in up to half of those with lupus. Kidney problems are more common when someone also has other lupus symptoms, such as fatigue, arthritis, rash, fever, and weight loss. Less often, kidney disease may occur when there are no other symptoms of lupus.
Question: What factors may contribute to the development of lupus?
Answer: This drug weakens the immune system by targeting a protein that may reduce the abnormal B cells thought to contribute to lupus.
Question: Does a positive antinuclear antibody test mean that I have lupus?
Answer: Not necessarily. The antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test is positive in most people who have lupus, but it also may be positive in many people who are healthy or have another autoimmune disease. Therefore, a positive ANA test alone is not adequate for the diagnosis of lupus. There must be at least three additional clinical features from the list of 11 features for the diagnosis to be made.
Question: How is rheumatrex (methotrexate) used to treat lupus?
Answer: Another chemotherapy drug used to suppress the immune system. Its use is becoming increasingly popular for skin disease, arthritis, and other non-life-threatening forms of disease that have not responded to medications such as hydroxychloroquine or low doses of prednisone.
Question: How is benlysta (belimumab) used to treat lupus?
Answer: This drug weakens the immune system by targeting a protein that may reduce the abnormal B cells thought to contribute to lupus. People with active, autoantibody-positive lupus may benefit from Benlysta when given in addition to standard drug therapy.
Question: What is the outlook for people with lupus?
Answer: The outlook for lupus varies, depending on the organs involved and the severity of symptoms. The disease often includes periods of symptoms followed by periods of remission or lack of symptoms. Most people with lupus can expect to have a normal lifespan, especially if they follow their doctor's instructions and their treatment plans.
Question: What are the symptoms of lupus?
Answer: The symptoms of lupus differ from one person to another. Some people have just a few symptoms, while others have many. In addition, there are many different symptoms of lupus because the disease can affect any part of the body. Some of the more common symptoms include: Achy joints (arthralgia) Unexplained fever (more than 100 F) Swollen joints (arthritis) Prolonged or extreme fatigue Skin rash Ankle swelling and fluid accumulation Pain in the chest when breathing deeply (pleurisy) A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose Hair loss Sensitivity to the sun and/or other light Seizures Mouth or nose sores Pale or purple fingers or toes from cold or stress ( Raynaud's phenomenon) Many people with active lupus feel ill in general and complain of fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
Question: What causes lupus?
Answer: However, there appears to be something that triggers the immune system to attack various areas of the body. That's why suppressing the immune system is one of the main forms of treatment. Finding the cause is the object of major research efforts.
Question: How can lupus affect your joints?
Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. There may be pain, with or without swelling. Stiffness and pain may be particularly evident in the morning. Arthritis may be a problem for only a few days or weeks, or may be a permanent feature of the disease. Fortunately, the arthritis usually is not crippling.
Question: Who gets lupus?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } According to the Lupus Foundation of America, approximately 1.5 million people in the U. S. have lupus. People of African, Asian, and Native American descent are more likely to develop lupus than are Caucasians. Although it can occur in both men and women, 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. Women of childbearing age (14 to 45 years old) are most often affected and as many as 1 in 250 people may develop lupus.
Question: What problems can people with lupus have?
Answer: Some of the more common symptoms include: Achy joints (arthralgia) Unexplained fever (more than 100 F) Swollen joints (arthritis) Prolonged or extreme fatigue Skin rash Ankle swelling and fluid accumulation Pain in the chest when breathing deeply (pleurisy) A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose Hair loss Sensitivity to the sun and/or other light Seizures Mouth or nose sores Pale or purple fingers or toes from cold or stress ( Raynaud's phenomenon) Many people with active lupus feel ill in general and complain of fever, weight loss, and fatigue. People with lupus also develop specific problems when the immune system attacks a particular organ or area in the body. The following areas of the body can be affected by lupus: Skin .
Question: What is the role of female hormones in lupus?
Answer: Although it can occur in both men and women, 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. This is especially true of women during their reproductive years, a time when hormone levels are highest.
Question: How can the sun affect lupus?
Answer: People with lupus also develop specific problems when the immune system attacks a particular organ or area in the body. All lupus patients should protect themselves from the sun; limit time in the sun, especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., wearing sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen when you are out in the sun.
Question: How is lupus diagnosed?
Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood. Lupus is diagnosed when a person has several features of the disease (including symptoms, findings on examination, and blood test abnormalities). The American College of Rheumatology has devised criteria to assist doctors in making the correct diagnosis of lupus. A person should have at least four of the following 11 criteria, either at the same time or one after the other, to be classified as having lupus. These criteria include: Malar rash, a "butterfly" rash that appears on the cheeks. Discoid rash, red, scaly patches on the skin that cause scarring. Photosensitivity , a skin reaction or sensitivity to sunlight. Oral ulcers (open mouth sores). Kidney disorder, either excess protein in the urine (proteinuria) or red blood cells in the urine. Neurological disorder, seizures, or psychosis. Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleuritis) or of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) Blood disorder , either low red blood cell count (anemia), low white blood cell count (leukopenia), decrease in lymphocytes (lymphopenia), or decrease in blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Immunologic disorder, including the presence of certain cells or autoantibodies, or a false-positive test result for syphilis. Abnormal blood work, a positive antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test result from blood work.
Question: How does drug-induced lupus occur?
Answer: These symptoms generally improve after the drug is discontinued. Its use is becoming increasingly popular for skin disease, arthritis, and other non-life-threatening forms of disease that have not responded to medications such as hydroxychloroquine or low doses of prednisone.
Question: How can lupus lead to blood clots?
Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood clots are more common in people with lupus. Blood can be tested for these antibodies. Heart and Lungs.
Question: Can you get lupus from your family members?
Answer: These antibodies are abnormal proteins that may increase the tendency of the blood to clot. The observation that lupus may affect more than one member of the same family has raised the possibility that the tendency to develop lupus may be inherited. People with lupus may develop rashes or disease flares when exposed to the sun.
Question: How are steroids used to treat lupus?
Answer: Drugs used to treat lupus include: Steroids . The use of creams is usually safe and effective, especially for mild rashes. The use of steroid creams or tablets in low doses can be effective for mild or moderate features of lupus. Unfortunately, high doses also are most likely to produce side effects.
Question: What is lupus?
Answer: Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection. In lupus, however, the immune system inappropriately attacks tissues in various parts of the body. This abnormal activity leads to tissue damage and illness. A drug that suppresses the immune system and is also used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.
Question: How can lupus affect your brain and spinal cord?
Answer: Kidney involvement in people with lupus can be life threatening and may occur in up to half of those with lupus. Brain and Spinal Cord.
Question: What is anti-reflux baby formula?
Answer: As a result, acids back up into the esophagus -- the tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Babies with reflux may: Spit up Act cranky Have trouble eating Anti-reflux formulas are made especially for babies with reflux. They contain rice starch to thicken them and make them easier for babies to keep down.
Question: What are symptoms for babies who are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein in relation to specialty formula?
Answer: Soy formulas contain soy protein along with: Carbohydrates Amino acids Vitamins Minerals They're an option for babies who: Are lactose-intolerant -- meaning their bodies can't break down a sugar called lactose in cow's milk Have galactosemia -- a disorder that keeps them from breaking down a sugar called galactose in milk Are allergic to cow's milk (however, about half of babies who are allergic to cow's milk are also allergic to soy) There is no evidence that soy-based formulas can help with issues like colic or a stomach bug. A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.
Question: What is a preterm baby formula?
Answer: Special preterm formulas have the extra protein, calories, calcium, and other nutrients these babies need.
Question: What are predigested infant formulas?
Answer: A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.
Question: Why do you need a specialty infant formula?
Answer: Most infant formulas are made from modified cow's milk. Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients are added to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies the healthiest possible start in life. But there are some babies who just can't tolerate some of the ingredients in cow's milk. Or, they may have a medical condition that requires different nutrition than a regular formula can offer. If your baby can't eat regular formula, there are other options created for babies with special nutritional needs.
Question: What should you do if your at-home test finds colon cancer?
Answer: You should get a colonoscopy test if you have any of these risk factors: A family history of colon cancer A previous diagnosis Related diseases of the colon and rectum During a colonoscopy, your doctor will use a flexible tube and small camera to look at the lining of your colon.
Question: What does Cologuard for screening colon cancer do?
Answer: It determines if there's blood in your stool -- a common sign of colon cancer or of precancerous polyps (abnormal growths of tissue). The lab workers will also look for DNA cell changes linked to cancer. Colon cancer is preventable if pre-cancerous polyps are found and removed.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using Cologuard for screening colon cancer?
Answer: How Does Cologuard Compare to Other At- Home Colon Cancer Tests? Or it can say you don't have a potential problem when you really do, and the test just missed it. A colonoscopy can miss polyps, but the odds are very low. That's why many doctors still consider this test the gold standard.
Question: How does Cologuard for screening colon cancer work?
Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. You collect a stool sample and mail it to a lab in a prepaid, pre-addressed box. The lab will then send results to your doctor within 2 weeks.
Question: How can you screen for colon cancer at home?
Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. The FDA approved it in 2014. It's also more accurate than others.
Question: What causes normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus can occur after a head injury, bleeding around the brain (due to a blow to the head), stroke, meningitis (infection of a protective layer of tissue around the brain), or brain tumor. It can happen after surgery on the brain. How these conditions lead to NPH is not clear. In most cases, the cause of NPH is never known.
Question: What lab tests can help diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: Lab Tests There is no lab test that confirms the diagnosis of NPH. Any lab tests that are done are probably being done to rule out conditions that might cause similar symptoms.
Question: Why is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) hard to diagnose?
Answer: The dementia symptoms of NPH can be similar to those of Alzheimer's disease. The walking problems are similar to those of Parkinson's disease. Experts say that many cases of NPH are misdiagnosed as one of these diseases. The good news is that, unlike Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, NPH can be reversed in many people with appropriate treatment. But first it must be correctly diagnosed.
Question: How well does a shunt operation work for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: The earlier the NPH is diagnosed, the better the chances that the surgery will help. In general, people with milder symptoms have better outcomes with this surgery.
Question: Do shunt operations work for everyone with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: Shunt operations do not work for everyone with NPH. Many people who undergo a shunt operation have substantial symptom relief. In some, the symptoms improve and then start to worsen again. Others benefit little, if at all. Even the experts are not able to predict perfectly who will benefit and who will not.
Question: Can you prevent normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: There is no known way to prevent NPH. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise, may help avoid conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke that might contribute to NPH. Wearing a seatbelt and safety helmet when indicated can help avoid head injury, another cause of NPH.
Question: What is hydrocephalus?
Answer: The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). The purposes of the fluid are to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, to supply them with nutrients, and to remove some of their waste products. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Some people are born with the condition, while others develop it during their lives. NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time.
Question: What is the treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. However, many people with the condition obtain substantial relief through surgical treatment. For those who are not candidates for surgery, treatment consists of measures to relieve mood and behavioral problems, cope with physical problems such as incontinence and walking difficulties, and maximize physical, mental, and social functioning.
Question: What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Answer: NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time. At first, the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus are usually very subtle. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.
Question: What is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. The slow enlargement of the ventricles means that the fluid pressure in the brain may not be as high as in other types of hydrocephalus. The parts of the brain most often affected in NPH are those that control the legs, the bladder, and the "cognitive" mental processes such as memory, reasoning, problem solving, and speaking. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.
Question: How is a shunt used for normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Answer: A shunt is a thin tube that is implanted in the brain by a neurosurgeon. The tube is routed under the skin from the head to another part of the body, usually the peritoneum (the lower belly). The shunt is equipped with a valve that opens to release fluid when the pressure builds up. The fluid drains harmlessly and is later absorbed by the bloodstream. A shunt operation is not a cure.
Question: How is normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosed?
Answer: The medical professional will ask you questions about your symptoms and when they started, your medical and mental problems now and in the past, your family's medical problems, medications you have taken now and in the past, your work and travel experiences, and your habits and lifestyle. The exam will probably include tests of your mental status, such as answering questions and following simple directions. Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain.