anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: When should you see a healthcare provider about traveler's diarrhea?
Answer: If diarrhea is bloody, or if you have a fever or abdominal pain, see a healthcare provider immediately. Take a child to a doctor if symptoms include bloody diarrhea, dehydration, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
Question: What are the causes of testicular azoospermia?
Answer: Testicular azoospermia: Damage to your testicles keeps them from making sperm normally. It can happen because of: An infection in your reproductive tract, such as epididymitis and urethritis A childhood illness such as viral orchitis, which causes swelling of one or both testicles A groin injury Cancer or its treatments, like radiation Genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter's syndrome Post-testicular azoospermia: Your testicles make normal sperm, but something keeps them from getting out, like: A blockage in the tubes that carry sperm from your testicles to your penis.
Question: What are the treatments for azoospermia?
Answer: There are a few types of treatment that can help men with azoospermia who want to have children. If you have the obstructive type, surgery can remove the blockage. One way to do this is to use a tiny needle to draw sperm from a testicle. Then, you can freeze the sample to use later in in vitro fertilization ( IVF).
Question: Is hay fever different from allergic rhinitis?
Answer: You probably call it hay fever, but your doctor might refer to it as allergic rhinitis. It's most likely to strike when pollen ramps up in the spring and summer.
Question: How can I deal with the emotional effects of rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If your pain starts to make you feel bad a lot of the time -- you're depressed, angry, or anxious often -- tell your doctor, or talk with a professional counselor. It may help to do cognitive behavioral training, where you learn new, positive ways to handle pain and other problems.
Question: Should I tell my doctor how I feel if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Tell your doctor how you feel. He may want to change your medications or their doses. It's important for you let him know what's going on. Don't say â I'm fine,â or, â It's OKâ if it's really not.
Question: Should I take a breathing break if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Quietly tune in to your breaths. Breathe in and out normally. Just notice each one. If other thoughts come up (and they will), let them go and turn your attention back to your breath. It's a simple way to tune in and calm down. Even a few minutes a day can help.
Question: What are the drawbacks of rheumatoid factor used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Drawbacks: It misses 20% to 30% of cases of RA. It also shows up in other conditions, including: Chronic hepatitis Chronic viral infection Dermatomyositis Infectious mononucleosis Leukemia Scleroderma Sjogren's syndrome Lupus It's uncommon, but some healthy people can have RF in their blood test results. People with lupus often have high levels of these immune system chemicals.
Question: What are the drawbacks for an anti-CCP antibody test for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Drawbacks: It misses 10% to 15% of cases of RA.
Question: How does an erythrocyte sedimentation rate help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: This test gauges how much inflammation is in the body. It's usually higher than normal in people with RA and other inflammatory diseases. Doctors may use this test to see whether treatment has lowered inflammation.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Drawbacks: The test doesn't diagnose RA or any other disease. It also doesn't show why someone has inflammation.
Question: How are joint fluid tests used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Sometimes doctors order tests to analyze samples of joint fluid, also called synovial fluid. They remove it from the joint space with a needle.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Drawbacks: By itself, this test does not diagnose RA.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using a C-reactive protein (CRP) to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Drawbacks: Like the sed rate, the CRP test only tells you that there is inflammation. It does not show the cause. Also, not all people with RA have high CRP levels.
Question: What are the drawbacks of joint fluid tests to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: But finding fluid with evidence of inflammation supports the diagnosis.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using x-rays to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: And they only show harm to joints and bones, not soft tissue like ligaments, tendons, or muscles.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using rheumatoid factor (RF) to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Drawbacks: It misses 20% to 30% of cases of RA. It also shows up in other conditions, including: Chronic hepatitis Chronic viral infection Dermatomyositis Infectious mononucleosis Leukemia Scleroderma Sjogren's syndrome Lupus It's uncommon, but some healthy people can have RF in their blood test results. People with lupus often have high levels of these immune system chemicals.
Question: How do x-rays diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: X-rays of the joints help find and track rheumatoid arthritis.
Question: What are the drawbacks of C-reactive protein used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Drawbacks: Like the sed rate, the CRP test only tells you that there is inflammation. It does not show the cause. Also, not all people with RA have high CRP levels.
Question: What are the drawbacks of erythrocyte sedimentation rate used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Drawbacks: The test doesn't diagnose RA or any other disease. It also doesn't show why someone has inflammation.
Question: How does an anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: People with lupus often have high levels of these immune system chemicals. So do some, but not all, people with RA.
Question: Are certain tests used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Doctors diagnose RA based largely on your medical history and a physical exam. You may also get lab tests, including the following.
Question: What are the drawbacks of X-rays used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Drawbacks: X-rays aren't sensitive enough to show early RA damage. And they only show harm to joints and bones, not soft tissue like ligaments, tendons, or muscles.
Question: Are there drawbacks of an anti-CCP antibody test used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Drawbacks: It misses 10% to 15% of cases of RA.
Question: What are joint fluid tests?
Answer: Could it be rheumatoid arthritis ( RA)? They remove it from the joint space with a needle. But finding fluid with evidence of inflammation supports the diagnosis.
Question: What is rheumatoid factor (RF)?
Answer: It shows up in the blood of about 70% to 80% of people with RA. High levels of it are linked to more severe cases. People with lupus often have high levels of these immune system chemicals.
Question: How can testing help with managing blood sugar levels for kids with diabetes?
Answer: Remember, the numbers on the meter aren't "good" or "bad" -- they're just numbers. They give you information about how to keep your child healthy. Since you or your child might not notice symptoms, testing is the best way to avoid dangerously high and low levels.
Question: What causes ups and downs of blood sugar levels in kids and teens with diabetes?
Answer: Food Exercise Growth and hormones Illness Stress and other emotions Medication No one expects a growing child's blood sugar levels to be normal all the time. And when your child enters puberty, his hormones could cause problems with blood sugars changing wildly.
Question: What can you do to help kids manage their diabetes?
Answer: Encourage good habits. Praise your child when he tests, regardless of the result. Don't let him feel bad or blame him when his levels are out of range. Offer support to get him back on track.
Question: What causes blood sugar levels to change?
Answer: What causes ups and downs? Food Exercise Growth and hormones Illness Stress and other emotions Medication No one expects a growing child's blood sugar levels to be normal all the time.
Question: How can I best teach a child to manage their diabetes?
Answer: Encourage good habits. Praise your child when he tests, regardless of the result. Don't let him feel bad or blame him when his levels are out of range. Offer support to get him back on track.
Question: What are the symptoms of pancreatitis in dogs?
Answer: Often, a dog: Loses appetite Vomits Has belly pain Other symptoms are: A fever or low body temperature Diarrhea No energy A hard time breathing Dehydration Irregular heartbeat If your dog has some of these problems for more than a day, or if these symptoms keep coming back, take him to the vet.
Question: How is the cause of pancreatitis in dogs found?
Answer: If your vet can figure out what caused the pancreatitis, he'll try to deal with that first. For instance, if it was a reaction to a drug, he may take him off it. If it's related to diet, he may put him on prescription food. Sometimes it's hard to tell what causes it, and there's no clear treatment to fight it. The focus instead becomes keeping the dog as comfortable as possible until the attack passes.
Question: What should you know about pancreatitis in dogs?
Answer: If so, he'll need treatment. The condition happens when the pancreas becomes inflamed. That's an organ near the stomach that helps digest food and control blood sugar. Pancreatitis can come on all at once and then pass, or it can stay for longer periods. It could be pancreatitis, or it could be something else. Your dog doesn't need to eat human food.
Question: What is the treatment for pancreatitis in dogs?
Answer: For the first 24 hours, your vet may recommend no food or water, or may continue to give your pet food. Pain medications are usually given by injection. These things give the pancreas a rest. Giving your dog IV fluids is also a common practice for pancreatitis. When he gets home, you'll need to give him lots of water to make sure he doesn't get dehydrated. He may need medication for pain, too. He may also get drugs to help ease nausea and vomiting. When your dog starts eating again, make sure it's a low-fat diet. Look for food that's easy to digest. If this is a single, sudden attack, it's a good idea to stick with this diet for a week or so. However, if your dog has experienced several episodes, then this new way of eating will be for life. Your dog doesn't need to eat human food.
Question: What causes pancreatitis in dogs?
Answer: Often, a dog: Loses appetite Vomits Has belly pain Other symptoms are: A fever or low body temperature Diarrhea No energy A hard time breathing Dehydration Irregular heartbeat If your dog has some of these problems for more than a day, or if these symptoms keep coming back, take him to the vet. Experts aren't sure what causes the pancreas irritation, but some breeds, especially schnauzers, are more prone to it. Older dogs and ones who are overweight are also more likely to get it. Sometimes, the condition comes on as a side effect to a drug, or after surgery. More commonly, a fatty meal, like bacon grease or table scraps, triggers it. Dogs usually recover from mild cases, but if it's severe, it can sometimes lead to death.
Question: How can you prevent pancreatitis in dogs?
Answer: When your family dog doesn't want to eat and is throwing up, you hope it's a passing thing. Watch your dog's diet. Make sure he doesn't have too much high-fat food. Keep your garbage secure. Vets report more cases of pancreatitis during the holidays, when people are eating more fatty foods and so are their pets.
Question: Is all fiber the same?
Answer: No, some fibers are soluble in water and others are insoluble. Soluble fiber slows digestion and helps you absorb nutrients from food. Insoluble fiber adds bulk to your stool, helping the stool pass more quickly through the intestines.
Question: Which type of fiber is best to ease constipation?
Answer: Go for whole-grain breads, cereals, and pastas. Cereal fibers generally have cell walls that resist digestion and retain water within the cellular structures. Wheat bran can be highly effective as a natural laxative.
Question: What if whole-grain fiber and fruits don't help constipation?
Answer: Then try foods that contain psyllium seed husk, bran, and methylcellulose, or try fiber supplements. These natural products increase stool weight and have a laxative effect. Be sure to drink a lot of water when taking any of these products, as they can clog up the intestines and cause constipation. Fiber must have water in order to sweep the colon and move the stool out of your body.
Question: What is fiber?
Answer: Dietary fiber refers to the edible parts of plants or carbohydrates that cannot be digested. Fiber is in all plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes. You can also find a form of fiber called chitin in the shells of crustaceans such as crab, lobster, and shrimp.
Question: Are prunes a natural laxative?
Answer: are also high in disease-fighting antioxidants and have both insoluble and soluble fiber. One cup of pitted, uncooked prunes contains 12 grams of fiber. Three dried plums have 3.9 grams of fiber. Then try foods that contain psyllium seed husk, bran, and methylcellulose, or try fiber supplements. These natural products increase stool weight and have a laxative effect.
Question: Can food help treat constipation?
Answer: It's becoming clear in recent years that what you eat can be highly effective in preventing or reversing some health problems, especially chronic constipation.
Question: What other foods are high in fiber?
Answer: Eat plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes such as beans and lentils. The fiber found in citrus fruits and legumes stimulate the growth of colonic flora, which increases the stool weight and the amount of bacteria in the stool. Encouraging the growth of certain bacteria in the colon may help promote a healthy intestine.
Question: When should you use a psyllium powder?
Answer: Soluble fiber slows digestion and helps you absorb nutrients from food. But if you can't eat enough fruits and vegetables to make a difference, then opt for fiber supplements. Examples include psyllium, methylcellulose, wheat dextrin, and calcium polycarbophil. With psyllium powder, mix the powder in a glass of water one to three times daily. Be sure to drink enough water along with this psyllium powder drink. The drink may cause you to feel bloated until you get used to the fiber.
Question: How can you treat constipation?
Answer: Make sure you see your doctor for a medical evaluation. No, some fibers are soluble in water and others are insoluble. Most plant foods contain some of each kind of fiber. But if you can't eat enough fruits and vegetables to make a difference, then opt for fiber supplements.
Question: When does fiber not work for ending constipation?
Answer: Foods high in insoluble fiber include wheat bran, whole grains, cereals, seeds, and the skins of many fruits and vegetables. But those who have slow transit or pelvic floor dysfunction may respond poorly to increased dietary fiber. If you have a change in frequency of bowel movements and develop acute constipation, talk to your doctor. The constipation could be caused by an underlying medical condition.
Question: How often is medulloblastoma cured?
Answer: About 70% to 80% of children who are treated for an average-risk tumor (one that isn't difficult for doctors to get to) are free of cancer five years after their diagnosis.
Question: How do doctors test for medulloblastoma in children?
Answer: Some of the first symptoms include: Behavioral problems Changes in handwriting Clumsiness or other balance problems Headaches Nausea or vomiting in the morning Tilting the head to one side Vision problems Once the medulloblastoma has spread to the spinal cord, you also might notice: Back pain Bladder and bowel control problems Trouble walking If your child has symptoms, his pediatrician will want to do a few tests to find out what's going on. These may include a physical exam and a neurological exam, which checks reflexes, senses, and muscle strength among other things. The doctor also may recommend the following: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make detailed pictures of the inside of your child's brain and spine.
Question: What causes medulloblastomas?
Answer: Doctors don't know why these tumors appear, but people with some conditions, including Li- Fraumeni syndrome and Gorlin syndrome, are more likely to get them. In rare cases, they can be passed from parents to their children.
Question: What are signs that medulloblastoma has spread to the spinal cord?
Answer: Some of the first symptoms include: Behavioral problems Changes in handwriting Clumsiness or other balance problems Headaches Nausea or vomiting in the morning Tilting the head to one side Vision problems Once the medulloblastoma has spread to the spinal cord, you also might notice: Back pain Bladder and bowel control problems Trouble walking If your child has symptoms, his pediatrician will want to do a few tests to find out what's going on.
Question: Where do medulloblastomas form?
Answer: These tumors start near the base of the skull -- in the cerebellum. This is the part of the brain that controls balance and motor skills. The tumors tend to grow quickly and can spread to other parts of the brain, spinal cord, and bone marrow.
Question: How common is medulloblastoma?
Answer: Medulloblastoma is the most common kind of cancerous brain tumor in children under age 16. It's typically found between ages 3 and 8. About 500 children in the U. S. are diagnosed with a medulloblastoma each year. They're more common in boys than in girls, and they happen less often in adults.
Question: What are the treatments for medulloblastoma in children?
Answer: Your child's treatment will depend on whether the cancer has spread. The doctor probably will recommend one or more of the following: Surgery: This is usually the first step. Chemotherapy: The doctor will likely suggest this after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. It's given through an IV or with pills. Radiation therapy: This is also used to kill cancer cells. Proton therapy: A low dose of radiation is sent directly to the tumor. This is more precise than radiation therapy and can prevent damage to healthy tissue and organs.
Question: What is biologic therapy for kidney cancer?
Answer: Biologic therapy for kidney cancer This therapy uses your immune system to fight cancer by boosting, directing, or restoring your body's natural defenses. Substances for biologic therapy are made by your body or in a lab. Examples of biologic therapy for metastatic kidney cancer include interferon alpha or interleukin-2. There are many new immunotherapies being actively studied for kidney cancer.
Question: What is kidney cancer?
Answer: This type of kidney cancer is called renal cell carcinoma. In most cases, surgery is the first step.
Question: Does my age affect my chances of getting migraines?
Answer: Migraine headaches can hit at any point in your life, but you're more likely to get your first one in your teens. The headaches tend to peak in your 30s and become less severe later in life.
Question: Can certain foods trigger a migraine?
Answer: Salty, processed foods and aged cheeses like blue cheese are known triggers. And the artificial sweetener aspartame, and flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate, or MSG, may cause them, too.
Question: Can sensory overload trigger a migraine?
Answer: Shifts in the hormone estrogen can bring on migraines in women.
Question: Do my genes affect my chances of getting migraines?
Answer: If someone in your family gets migraine headaches, you're more likely to get them than someone without that family history.
Question: Can emotional stress trigger a migraine?
Answer: This is one of the most common migraine triggers. That's because when you're stressed, your brain releases chemicals that cause your âfight or flightâ response. Anxiety, worry, and fear can create even more tension and make a migraine worse.
Question: Why do I get migraines?
Answer: Doctors aren't totally sure what causes migraine headaches, but they think imbalances in certain brain chemicals may play a role. Your genes and other things are also likely reasons. While researchers haven't been able to pinpoint a cause, they know that several things raise your chances of having migraines, including: 1.
Question: Can changes in weather trigger a migraine?
Answer: Changes in weather. This is a big trigger. So is a change in the overall air pressure.
Question: Can hormonal changes trigger a migraine?
Answer: Medications like birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy can bring on headaches or make them worse. But some women have fewer migraines when they take these medications.
Question: How can sensory overload trigger a migraine?
Answer: Bright lights, loud sounds, and strong smells can bring on these headaches in some people.
Question: How can emotional stress trigger a migraine?
Answer: This is one of the most common migraine triggers. That's because when you're stressed, your brain releases chemicals that cause your âfight or flightâ response. Anxiety, worry, and fear can create even more tension and make a migraine worse.
Question: How can hormonal changes trigger a migraine?
Answer: Medications like birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy can bring on headaches or make them worse. But some women have fewer migraines when they take these medications.
Question: What should you know about migraines?
Answer: It's a disabling condition that causes an extremely painful headache that is accompanied by nausea or vomiting, and sensitivity to lights and sounds. The head pain that happens with migraine is usually a severe, pounding headache that can last hours or even days. But migraine is much more than just a headache. Other symptoms vary from person to person, but you may see spots, have blurred vision, or smell strange odors. You might be sensitive to light, feel sick to your stomach, and even vomit.
Question: Why do you get migraines?
Answer: Your genes and other things are also likely reasons. Certain foods.
Question: How can physical strain trigger a migraine?
Answer: Medications like birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy can bring on headaches or make them worse. You should still be active, but you might do better with a more moderate pace.
Question: How can certain foods trigger a migraine?
Answer: Certain foods. If you get too much or too little sleep, you may get a migraine.
Question: Can physical strain trigger a migraine?
Answer: Medications like birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy can bring on headaches or make them worse. You should still be active, but you might do better with a more moderate pace.
Question: Can changes in sleep pattern trigger a migraine?
Answer: If you get too much or too little sleep, you may get a migraine. Too much medication.
Question: Do my hormonal changes affect my chances of getting migraines?
Answer: The headaches tend to peak in your 30s and become less severe later in life. That's because when you're stressed, your brain releases chemicals that cause your âfight or flightâ response. If you get too much or too little sleep, you may get a migraine.
Question: What causes shingles (herpes zoster)?
Answer: Shingles arises from varicella-zoster, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Following a bout of chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in the spinal nerve cells. But it can be reactivated years later when the immune system is suppressed by: Physical or emotional trauma A serious illness Certain medications, like steroids Medical science doesn't understand why the virus becomes reactivated in some people and not in others.