anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does exercise help thinking and behavior in kids with ADHD?
Answer: That's the set of problem-solving skills we use to plan and organize. A lack of these skills makes it hard for your ADHD child to remember to finish his homework or to take his lunch with him when he leaves for school. Exercise may improve executive function in kids with ADHD. Many kids with ADHD also struggle socially and with their behavior. Playing a sport can have the added benefits of improving both of these areas. In studies, kids who exercised got in trouble less often for disruptive behaviors such as talking out of turn, name calling, hitting, moving inappropriately, and refusing to participate in activities. Because of all these benefits, exercise can boost the effectiveness of ADHD medicine when they are used together. It also can help kids who haven't responded to stimulant drugs or other ADHD medications.
Question: How can ADHD affect kids?
Answer: To release that restless energy, kids with ADHD need to get plenty of exercise. Research is finding that staying active not only lets kids with ADHD burn off steam, but it also can help with issues such as: lack of focus impulsivity poor social skills When used along with traditional ADHD treatments such as stimulant medicines and counseling, regular fitness can have a positive impact on a child's ADHD symptoms. One of the areas in which kids with ADHD have particular trouble is with executive function . Many kids with ADHD also struggle socially and with their behavior.
Question: How do you know if you have HIV?
Answer: The only way to know for sure is with an HIV test. So get tested if you think you could've gotten the virus, whether or not you have any symptoms. It's also important to see your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if you think you could have been exposed to the virus in the past couple of days. A medication called post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP) can keep you from getting HIV. But you have to take it within 72 hours of when you get the virus for it to work. A doctor can give you a prescription for PEP, and you'll take it once or twice a day for 28 days.
Question: Can tricyclic antidepressants help treat postherpetic neuralgia?
Answer: Examples are: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Equetro, Epitol, Tegretol) Gabapentin ( Fanatrex, Neurontin) Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Tricyclic antidepressants: These have been shown to help ease the pain of postherpetic neuralgia.
Question: What are symptoms due to local growth of a tumor from small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Symptoms due to local growth of the tumor include the following: Cough Coughing up blood Shortness of breath Chest pain worsened by deep breathing Symptoms due to spread of the cancer to nearby areas include the following: Hoarse voice, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the vocal cords Shortness of breath, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the muscles of the diaphragm, or the lungs filling with fluid and stridor (sound produced by turbulent flow of air through a narrowed part of the respiratory tract) resulting from compression of the trachea (windpipe) or larger bronchi (airways of the lung) Difficulty swallowing, resulting from compression of the esophagus (food pipe) Swelling of the face and hands, resulting from compression of the superior vena cava (vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body) Symptoms due to distant cancer spread depend on the site of spread and can include the following: Spread to the brain can cause headache, blurring of vision, nausea, vomiting, weakness of any limb, mental changes, and seizures.
Question: When should you 911 about symptoms of small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Consult a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: Shortness of breath Coughing up blood Unexplained weight loss Voice change New cough or change in the consistency of a cough Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Call 911 if any of the following symptoms are present: Coughing up large amounts of blood Chest pain Sudden shortness of breath Sudden or severe weakness of any limb Sudden vision problems Seizures Initial exams and tests for suspected lung cancer may include the following: Medical, surgical, work, and smoking history Physical exam to check for general signs of health Chest X-ray CT scan of the chest: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the inside of the chest from different angles.
Question: What are the two types of small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: There are 2 main types: Small-cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) Combined small-cell carcinoma Both include many types of cells that grow and spread in different ways. They are named according to what the cells look like under a microscope. Small-cell lung cancer differs from non-small-cell lung cancer in the following ways: Small-cell lung cancer grows rapidly.
Question: What symptoms might you have if small-cell lung cancer spreads to distant parts of the body?
Answer: Symptoms due to local growth of the tumor include the following: Cough Coughing up blood Shortness of breath Chest pain worsened by deep breathing Symptoms due to spread of the cancer to nearby areas include the following: Hoarse voice, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the vocal cords Shortness of breath, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the muscles of the diaphragm, or the lungs filling with fluid and stridor (sound produced by turbulent flow of air through a narrowed part of the respiratory tract) resulting from compression of the trachea (windpipe) or larger bronchi (airways of the lung) Difficulty swallowing, resulting from compression of the esophagus (food pipe) Swelling of the face and hands, resulting from compression of the superior vena cava (vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body) Symptoms due to distant cancer spread depend on the site of spread and can include the following: Spread to the brain can cause headache, blurring of vision, nausea, vomiting, weakness of any limb, mental changes, and seizures. Spread to the vertebral column can cause back pain. Spread to the spinal cord can cause paralysis and loss of bowel or bladder function. Spread to the bone can cause bone pain. Spread to the liver can cause pain in the right upper part of the abdomen.
Question: What happens when you get video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) if you have lung cancer?
Answer: Video-assisted thoracoscopy ( VATS): A doctor will insert a lighted tube with a video camera through small openings in the chest. It's a way to look at the lungs and other tissue.
Question: When should you call a doctor about symptoms of small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Consult a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: Shortness of breath Coughing up blood Unexplained weight loss Voice change New cough or change in the consistency of a cough Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Call 911 if any of the following symptoms are present: Coughing up large amounts of blood Chest pain Sudden shortness of breath Sudden or severe weakness of any limb Sudden vision problems Seizures Initial exams and tests for suspected lung cancer may include the following: Medical, surgical, work, and smoking history Physical exam to check for general signs of health Chest X-ray CT scan of the chest: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the inside of the chest from different angles.
Question: What happens when you get a CT scan of your chest and abdomen if you have lung cancer?
Answer: CT scan of the chest and abdomen: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body from different angles. The doctor may inject a dye into a vein. A contrast agent may be given to swallow so that the organs or tissues more clearly show up on the scan.
Question: When might you start radiation therapy if you have small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: This depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer and the person's overall health. Radiation and chemotherapy: Sequential-radiation treatment may be given, followed by chemotherapy. However, in comparative studies, the earlier the radiation is started concurrently with chemotherapy (as early as the first cycle of chemotherapy), the better the outcome.
Question: What is palliative for small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Palliative and terminal care Because small-cell lung cancer is diagnosed in most people when it is not curable, palliative care becomes important. The goal of palliative and terminal care is to manage pain and discomfort and enhance quality of life. Palliative care not only focuses on comfort but also addresses the concerns of the patient's family and loved ones. Caregivers may include family and friends in addition to doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals.
Question: Does surgery treat small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Surgery Surgery plays little, if any, role in the management of small-cell lung cancer, because almost all cancers have spread by the time they are discovered. The exceptions are the relatively small number of people (less than 15%) whose cancer is discovered at a very early stage of the disease, when the cancer is confined to the lung without any spread to the lymph nodes. However, surgery alone is not considered curative, so chemotherapy is also given. Sometimes radiation therapy will also be needed if the cancer had spread to the nearby lymph nodes.
Question: How do PET scans help diagnose lung cancer?
Answer: PET scan: A small amount of radioactive material is injected into the bloodstream and measures the metabolism of the organs to see if the cancer has spread.
Question: What is thoracentesis for suspected lung cancer?
Answer: Thoracentesis: The lungs are enclosed in a sac. Lung cancer can cause fluid to collect in this sac. This is called pleural effusion. In people who have cancer, this fluid may contain cancer cells.
Question: What is a bronchoscopy for testing for lung cancer?
Answer: Bronchoscopy: This is a procedure used to look inside the trachea (windpipe) and large airways in the lung for abnormal areas. A bronchoscope (a thin, flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera on the end) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the windpipe. From there, it can be inserted into the airways (bronchi) of the lungs. During bronchoscopy, the doctor looks for tumors and takes a biopsy (a sample of cells that is removed for examination under a microscope) from the airways.
Question: What is a transthoracic needle lung biopsy?
Answer: Lung biopsy: If a tumor is on the periphery of the lung, it may not be seen with bronchoscopy. Instead, a biopsy sample has to be taken with the help of a needle inserted through the chest wall and into the tumor. This procedure is called a transthoracic needle biopsy. They can look at the lungs and lymph nodes nearby and can take a biopsy of the tissue.
Question: How can you tell if you have swimmer's ear?
Answer: If it hurts when you tug or press your ear, you may have swimmer's ear.
Question: Why do people get swimmer's ear?
Answer: Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer's ear on its own. You can thank your earwax for that. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection.
Question: What things can play a role in swimmer's ear?
Answer: Other things can play a role in swimmer's ear, like: Your age. While swimmer's ear can happen to anyone, it's most common in kids and early teenagers. Narrow ear canals. Kids often have ear canals that are small and don't drain as well. Skin reactions and conditions. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. So can skin problems like eczema and psoriasis.
Question: What causes swimmer's ear and what are the symptoms?
Answer: Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. Symptoms you may get are: Itchiness in the ear Pain, which can become severe Trouble hearing (sound may seem muffled as your ear canal swells) Fluid or pus draining out of the ear Here's one way to tell which type of ear infection you have.
Question: Is swimmer's ear an ear infection?
Answer: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. Those are middle ear infections, or "otitis media" in doctor speak, and they happen deeper in the ear, behind the eardrum.
Question: How is swimmer's ear diagnosed and treated?
Answer: If you have ear pain, don't wait -- see your doctor right away. Getting treatment quickly can stop an infection from getting worse. During your appointment, your doctor will look in your ear and may gently clean it out. This will help treatments work better. Then, you'll probably get eardrops that may have antibiotics, steroids, or other ingredients to fight the infection and help with swelling. In some cases, you may need to take antibiotic pills, too.
Question: What is swimmer's ear?
Answer: Swimmer's ear, which has the medical name of otitis externa, is an infection in your ear canal. Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. Your doctor may need to test a sample of any fluid in your ear to help you decide on the best treatment.
Question: What causes swimmer's ear other than water?
Answer: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. If you use cotton swabs, fingers, hairpins, pen caps, or anything else to clean your ears, it can rub away the protective earwax or scratch your skin. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. But sometimes, it can get worse or lead to other problems, such as: Long-term swimmer's ear (chronic otitis externa).
Question: Can you get swimmer's ear if you don't swim?
Answer: No matter how you got your swimmer's ear, once you learn to recognize the signs, you have plenty of options to treat it. Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. When water gets stuck in your ear canal after swimming -- or after you soak in a hot tub or even take a shower or bath -- it can remove some of the earwax and soften the skin, which makes it easier for germs to get in.
Question: What are complications of swimmer's ear?
Answer: Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer's ear on its own. But sometimes, it can get worse or lead to other problems, such as: Long-term swimmer's ear (chronic otitis externa). This is when swimmer's ear doesn't go away within 3 months. It can happen if you have hard-to-treat bacteria, fungus, allergies, or skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema. Your doctor may need to test a sample of any fluid in your ear to help you decide on the best treatment. Other infections. Sometimes, the bacteria can spread deeper into your skin or to other parts of your body. One rare condition is malignant otitis externa, which happens when the infection moves into bone and cartilage in your head. It's a medical emergency, and it's most common in older people with diabetes and people with HIV or other immune system problems. Treatment for these infections is with more powerful antibiotics, either by mouth or through a needle ( IV).
Question: How can IUDs (intrauterine devices) help with birth control?
Answer: These are small, plastic devices that a doctor or nurse will insert into your uterus. The procedure is simple and quick, although a little uncomfortable. Once it's in position, the IUD will protect you from pregnancy for a long time. IUDs that use hormones are good for 3-5 years depending on which type you get. The copper- T version -- which uses copper, a natural sperm-killer -- is good for up to 10 years. IUDs are about 99% effective in preventing pregnancy.
Question: What is permanent birth control?
Answer: Women can choose to have a tubal ligation in which the under general anesthesia, the fallopian tubes are closed off preventing eggs from reaching the ovaries. This is also known as âhaving your tubes tied.â For men, the permanent birth control option would be a vasectomy. During this procedure, your doctor causes a permanent interruption in the tube that allows the sperm to get into the semen
Question: What are the types hormonal birth control?
Answer: These include birth control pills, stick-on patches, insertable vaginal rings, shots, and implants. You'll need a prescription for them. They use hormones, similar to the ones in your body, to stop the release of an egg so that it can't get fertilized by sperm.
Question: What is emergency contraception?
Answer: It's for use after unprotected sex or if your condom breaks. It can prevent pregnancy up to 3 to 5 days later, although the sooner you take it, the better. Most emergency contraception products are so-called "morning after" pills, but the copper- T IUD works as emergency contraception, too. Women who are overweight or obese who want emergency contraception should consider using the copper T IUD, since research shows that emergency contraception pills start to lose effectiveness for them.
Question: How do I know if postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is right for me to treat hot flashes?
Answer: Do you have abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as extremely heavy periods or spotting between periods? Do you have a history of endometrial or uterine cancer? Do you currently have, or have you in the past had, venous thrombosis (blood clots in the lungs or veins)? This includes thrombosis or blood clots during pregnancy or when taking birth control pills. Do you have chronic liver disease? Do you smoke? Do you have gallbladder disease? Yes No If you answered yes to any of the above questions, HRT may not be for you.
Question: Why should you never discontinue any medication for depression without talking to your doctor?
Answer: You should never discontinue any medication without talking to your doctor about it first. Most antidepressants are gradually tapered off when a decision is made to stop them. If you abruptly stop taking some antidepressants, you could develop physical symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, headache, flu-like symptoms, or stomach upset (called a "discontinuation syndrome"). While symptoms from abrupt discontinuation generally pose no medical hazard, they can be uncomfortable and resolve once a medicine has been restarted.
Question: How risky are antidepressants in the treatment for depression in people with bipolar disorder?
Answer: In people with bipolar disorder, antidepressants have a small but significant risk for triggering manic or hypomanic symptoms, and antidepressants are usually not recommended without also taking a mood stabilizer. Antidepressants also may be less effective in people with bipolar than unipolar (major) depression, and their long-term value and safety are more controversial and less well-established in bipolar than unipolar depression.
Question: How safe are antidepressant medications for children and teens?
Answer: The FDA has the manufacturers of all antidepressant drugs put a boxed warning that states that antidepressants have been shown to increase suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents and should be used with caution.
Question: When and how can you stop taking antidepressants?
Answer: When you and your doctor determine that you are better and have remained well without a relapse for at least several months, your doctor may gradually taper you off your medicines. Once you and your doctor have determined it is safe for you to stop taking your medicine altogether, you should continue to be monitored during periodic follow-up appointments (about every three months) to detect any signs of depression recurrence.
Question: What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Answer: Antidepressants are medications used to treat depression. You are usually monitored closely during this time to detect the development of side effects and to determine the effectiveness of treatment. You should never discontinue any medication without talking to your doctor about it first.
Question: How can brain injuries be classified?
Answer: They could be brought on by medical problems like a stroke or tumor. These are called acquired brain injuries ( ABIs). But most often, brain injuries are due to a violent blow or jolt to the head. These are called traumatic brain injuries ( TBIs).
Question: What are the symptoms of second impact syndrome?
Answer: This is known as second impact syndrome. Second impact syndrome causes rapid and severe brain swelling. The symptoms are almost immediate and include the following: Dilated pupils Loss of eye movement Respiratory failure Unconsciousness Symptoms will progress rapidly. At the very least, it will result in severe TBI and have long-lasting effects that will change your everyday life.
Question: What are symptoms of brain injuries?
Answer: If you take a hit to the head, be on the lookout for these symptoms: Balance problems Blurred vision Dizziness Delayed response to questions Headaches Memory loss Nausea Ringing in the ears Seizure Slurred speech Vomiting This form of TBI is when you have bruises on the brain that cause bleeding.
Question: Is a concussion the same thing as a traumatic brain injuries (TBI)?
Answer: Concussions are the most common type of TBI. They aren't usually life-threatening, but there are dangers. These injuries may not show up in initial tests and could take as long as a few years to completely heal. Immediate symptoms can be loss of consciousness or feeling dazed and confused. But it may take a while before you have any symptoms.
Question: What precautions should I take if Iâve had a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Answer: If you have had a TBI, take steps to avoid another injury to your brain. Even with mild TBIs, repeated injuries can do long-lasting damage to your nervous system and weaken your mental awareness. If TBIs continue to happen over a short period of time, they could lead to death. Make sure your first TBI has fully healed. Although concussions are generally listed as mild, getting a second concussion before the first one has healed can be deadly. This is known as second impact syndrome.
Question: What are signs of a brain injury that I should I see a doctor about?
Answer: Not every hit to the head will result in a TBI, but if you have any concerns, see your doctor. TBIs can cause any number of problems. You may not be able to think or communicate well, and it can dull your sensory skills. Be on the lookout for changes in these areas, among others: Anxiety Depression Memory Muscle function Poor judgment Sight Sound Smell Taste Touch Understanding TBIs can increase the risk of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Question: How effective are very low-calorie diets?
Answer: If you have a BMI over 30 (which your doctor will call âobeseâ), then a very low-calorie diet may let you lose about 3 to 5 pounds per week, for an average total weight loss of 44 pounds over 12 weeks. Losing that amount of weight may improve weight-related medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. But in the long-run, very low-calorie diets aren't more effective than more modest diets. Once you go off a diet, you need to change your lifestyle, committing to healthy eating and regular physical activity.