anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Which type of ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib) is right for me?
Answer: You and your doctor will talk about AFib treatment options, including ablation. The plan will depend on: The cause of your AFib Whether you have symptoms Your chance of having heart disease Different types of ablation target different parts of your heart.
Question: Why is it important to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib) using cardiac ablation?
Answer: The plan will depend on: The cause of your AFib Whether you have symptoms Your chance of having heart disease Different types of ablation target different parts of your heart. If you don't treat AFib, your odds of getting blood clots, heart failure, or stroke go up. These could be life-threatening.
Question: What is catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: This procedure uses energy to make small scars in your heart tissue. Then, it's guided to your heart. Your doctor will put a video camera or tiny robot into your chest. It'll guide the creation of scar tissue that may help keep your heartbeat at the right pace. The doctor uses radiofrequency ablation in the pulmonary vein, and a surgeon makes a small cut under your breastbone to use radiofrequency energy on the outside of your heart.
Question: Is it hard to tell when someone with heart failure has lost weight?
Answer: A failing heart makes the body to retain water and swell. That can increase your body weight and make you look like you have body fat when you don't. Your doctor can use other tests to figure out if you've lost muscle mass, including measuring how well you do physical activities like walking or how strong your grip is.
Question: What causes cardiac cachexia?
Answer: Doctors are not exactly sure what causes cardiac cachexia. It involves many different body systems. Some experts think it may happen when there's an imbalance in the way your body's nervous system tells your digestive tract how to break down food.
Question: What parts of the body does cardiac cachexia affect?
Answer: The condition also has serious effects on many parts of the body, including the digestive tract, lungs, and heart, and the body's ability to make blood cells.
Question: What are some ways cardiac cachexia affects the body and causes symptoms?
Answer: But scientists know a few things about how the condition affects the body and causes symptoms: Fluid buildup from congestive heart failure can sometimes make it harder to absorb nutrients from food. Malnutrition keeps the liver from making a protein called albumin, which helps the blood carry important chemicals throughout your body. The condition makes your body use more energy to do basic things, like breathing. So you burn more calories, but at the same time, you can't absorb them from food. Your body breaks down muscle proteins. That leads to symptoms like fatigue.
Question: What are symptoms of cardiac cachexia?
Answer: The main symptom of cardiac cachexia is weight loss. You may also feel: Very weak and tired Short of breath Unable to exercise or be active Nauseated Not very hungry Constipation Changes in how food tastes Some of these symptoms make you more likely to lose even more weight.
Question: How is cardiac cachexia diagnosed?
Answer: There's no specific test that can diagnose cardiac cachexia. In most cases, doctors will try to rule out other health problems that may be causing your weight loss. If you've lost more than 5% of your body weight in 6 months without trying, your doctor may test your blood to look for substances linked to cardiac cachexia, like the protein albumin.
Question: How do you treat cardiac cachexia?
Answer: There's no specific test that can diagnose cardiac cachexia. Your doctor will continue to treat your heart failure and try to improve your symptoms. You may get medicines to get rid of the extra fluid that makes you swell. Other treatments may be: Exercise training to build muscle mass or strengthen existing muscles Teaching you how to eat right for your condition Supplements of important nutrients, like vitamins C and D and folate Medicines to make you feel hungrier
Question: What causes long lasting liver infection?
Answer: This long-lasting liver infection is caused by the hepatitis C virus. It begins as an acute hepatitis that starts within the first 6 months of exposure to the virus.
Question: Who gets hepatitis C?
Answer: Most people catch the hep C virus when blood from someone who has it gets into their body. This can happen if you share needles to use drugs, or get stuck by one because you work in a hospital or doctor's office. People born to a mother have a 6% risk that they will get it, too.
Question: How common is it that someone would get hepatitis C from getting blood products or an organ?
Answer: The CDC recommends you get tested for hepatitis C if: You received blood from a donor who later found out they had hepatitis C You've ever injected drugs You had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 You got a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 You were born between 1945 and 1965 You've had long-term kidney dialysis You have HIV You were born to a mother with hepatitis C Since July 1992, all blood and organ donations in the U. S. are tested for the hepatitis C virus. The CDC says it is now rare that someone getting blood products or an organ would get hepatitis C. You can have the disease and not have symptoms for years.
Question: In what ways is someone not able to get hepatitis C?
Answer: You can't get hepatitis C by touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, sharing utensils, or breastfeeding.
Question: What is treatment of hepatitis C dependent upon?
Answer: Until recently, the most common method was a blend of shots and pills. Genotypes 4, 5 and 6 are very rare in the U. S. Treatment now centers around direct acting antiviral drugs ( DAAs). Ask your doctor what's best for you, based on your medical needs.
Question: What is the process for creating an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
Answer: The next step after evaluation is the IEP meeting, which is required by law. The Individualized Education Program is supposed to address all aspects of your child's education. So, a number of different people will need to attend the meeting. At the very least, the meeting should include you, your child's teacher, and a special education teacher. Others who are familiar with different aspects of your child's needs and abilities -- social workers, school psychologists, therapists, or doctors -- also should attend. When appropriate, your child may also participate and offer input at the meeting.
Question: Who determines eligibility for an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
Answer: Professionals within your child's district are usually the ones who do the evaluation, but it can also be done by a developmental pediatrician or psychologist. The evaluation is what determines that your child is eligible for special education. It also helps identify the special services your child might need. If you think your child's evaluation isn't accurate, you can ask for an independent evaluation. That will be done by a professional from outside the school district. Your child's district may pay for that evaluation.
Question: How should I prepare for a meeting about my child's Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
Answer: That team will discuss how to best meet your child's educational needs. To prepare for the meeting -- and if your child is able to articulate answers -- you may find it helpful to ask your child questions about school such as: " What is your favorite subject?" " What is the hardest thing for you at school?" " What is the easiest thing for you at school?"
Question: How does an Individualized Education Program (IEP) help a child with autism?
Answer: Many children with ASD find it difficult to develop the skills they need. Engaging a child or teen in the IEP process provides an opportunity to teach a child with autism to advocate for himself or herself. For some children, involvement may be limited to attending the IEP meeting. Over time, and depending upon the degree of the disability, some children may be able to take more ownership. When they do, they will more actively participate in designing their IEP for autism. They may be able to identify their own problem areas and help create reasonable goals for themselves.
Question: How does the eligibility for Individualized Education Program (IEP) start?
Answer: If the district makes the request, your consent is needed before the evaluation can be done. The evaluation is what determines that your child is eligible for special education. If you think your child's evaluation isn't accurate, you can ask for an independent evaluation. The IEP will be tailored to your child's needs and abilities.
Question: How can rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD) affect your life?
Answer: People who have the condition sometimes work hard to make everyone like and admire them. Or they might stop trying and stay out of any situation where they might get hurt. This social withdrawal can look like social phobia, which is a serious fear of being embarrassed in public. RSD can affect relationships with family, friends, or a romantic partner. The belief that you're being rejected can turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy. When you act differently toward the person you think has rejected you, they may begin to do so for real.
Question: What causes rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD)?
Answer: People who have the condition sometimes work hard to make everyone like and admire them. When you have ADHD, your nervous system overreacts to things from the outside world. Any sense of rejection can set off your stress response and cause an emotional reaction that's much more extreme than usual. Sometimes the criticism or rejection is imagined, but not always. ADHD researchers estimate that by age 12, children with ADHD get 20,000 more negative messages about themselves than other kids their age. All that criticism can take a real toll on their self-esteem.
Question: How is rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD) treated?
Answer: This is sometimes called rejection sensitive dysphoria ( RSD). " If you have ADHD and you've had any of these symptoms, see a psychologist, counselor, or other mental health provider for help. But a therapist can help you learn how to get a handle on your emotions and deal with rejection in a more positive way. Another way to deal with RSD is to manage the stress in your life. You're more likely to have an emotional breakdown when you're stressed out. Eat right, sleep well, and do things like yoga or meditation to keep your mind calm.
Question: What are situational phobias?
Answer: Situational phobias: These involve a fear of specific situations, such as flying, riding in a car or on public transportation, driving, going over bridges or in tunnels, or of being in a closed-in place, like an elevator.
Question: What are blood injection/injury phobias?
Answer: Blood-injection-injury phobias: These involve a fear of being injured, of seeing blood or of invasive medical procedures, such as blood tests or injections Other phobias: These include a fear of falling down, a fear of loud sounds, and a fear of costumed characters, such as clowns.
Question: What are the treatments for specific phobias?
Answer: Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, may also help reduce anxiety symptoms. For most people, specific phobias can be successfully treated with therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
Question: What are natural environment phobias?
Answer: Natural environment phobias: Examples include the fear of storms, heights, or water.
Question: How can heart failure affect your weight and muscle loss?
Answer: Heart failure can affect muscle and fat metabolism. In the late stages, you might lose a lot of weight and muscle mass. Your muscles can get smaller and weaker.
Question: How can heart failure lead to abnormal heart rhythms?
Answer: In a normal heart, the upper chambers (called the atria) and lower chambers (the ventricles) squeeze and relax in turn to move blood through your body. If your ticker is weak, these chambers might not squeeze at the right time. Your heart might beat too slowly, too quickly, or in an irregular pattern. When the rhythm is off, your heart can't pump enough blood out to your body. Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) is one type of abnormal heart rhythm that heart failure can cause. It causes your heart to quiver and skip instead of beating.
Question: How can heart failure cause anemia?
Answer: This is a lack of the red blood cells that move oxygen to your body's tissues. If you have anemia, your body may not get enough oxygen. Your kidneys make a protein called erythropoietin ( EPO), which helps your body make new red blood cells. Kidney damage from heart failure prevents your body from making enough EPO.
Question: How can heart failure lead to extreme weight and muscle loss?
Answer: Heart failure can affect muscle and fat metabolism. In the late stages, you might lose a lot of weight and muscle mass. Your muscles can get smaller and weaker.
Question: How can heart failure lead to kidney damage or failure?
Answer: Your heart has four valves that open and close to keep blood flowing in and out of your heart. Just like your other organs, they need a steady supply of blood to work like they should. Without the amount of blood they need, they won't be able to remove enough wastes from your blood. It's treated with dialysis or a kidney transplant. Kidney disease can also make your heart failure worse. Damaged kidneys they can't remove as much water from your blood as healthy ones. You'll start to hold onto fluid, which boosts your blood pressure. High blood pressure makes your heart work even harder. This is called pulmonary edema.
Question: How does heart failure affect your lungs?
Answer: When the rhythm is off, your heart can't pump enough blood out to your body. A damaged heart can't pump blood as effectively from your lungs out to your body. This pushes fluid into your air sacs. As liquid builds up, it gets harder to breathe. This is called pulmonary edema.
Question: How can heart failure lead to lung problems?
Answer: When the rhythm is off, your heart can't pump enough blood out to your body. A damaged heart can't pump blood as effectively from your lungs out to your body. This pushes fluid into your air sacs. As liquid builds up, it gets harder to breathe. This is called pulmonary edema.
Question: How can heart failure lead to liver damage?
Answer: When you have heart failure, your heart may not be strong enough to pump out as much blood as your body needs. It also pumps faster, and your blood vessels narrow to get more blood out to your body. Heart failure can rob your liver of the blood it needs to work. The fluid buildup that comes with it puts extra pressure on the portal vein, which brings blood to your liver. This can scar the organ to the point where it doesn't work as well as it should.
Question: How does heart failure affect your body?
Answer: As it tries to move more blood, your heart gets larger. It also pumps faster, and your blood vessels narrow to get more blood out to your body. As your heart works harder, it becomes weaker and the damage increases. Your body gets less oxygen, and you might notice symptoms like shortness of breath, swelling in your legs, and fluid buildup. Your body tries to keep the blood it has to supply your heart and brain. This leaves less for organs like your kidneys and liver. A lack of enough blood can damage these organs. When the rhythm is off, your heart can't pump enough blood out to your body.
Question: What kinds of atypical antidepressants can treat depression in older adults?
Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.
Question: What conditions are linked with depression in older adults?
Answer: It's common for depression to come with other health issues that often crop up after 65, like: Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Heart disease Cancer Arthritis Sometimes it can be the medication for the above conditions that's to blame for depression symptoms. Depression can often make these other health conditions worse, and vice versa.
Question: What kinds of monamine oxidase inhibitors can treat depression in older adults?
Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.
Question: Can electroconvulsive therapy help treat depression in older adults?
Answer: It involves passing a brief small electrical current through electrodes placed on your scalp while you are under general anesthesia. This causes a brief seizure. That seizure causes a change to the chemistry in your brain. Researchers believe that change helps with your depression. Doctors usually try medication and therapy for a while before trying ECT.
Question: What kinds of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can treat depression in older adults?
Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.
Question: What are the symptoms of depression in older adults?
Answer: When you're older, you may not have the sad or empty feeling that's common with it. Instead, you may: Feel tired Have trouble sleeping Be grumpy or irritable Feel confused Struggle to pay attention Not enjoy activities you used to Move more slowly Have a change in weight or appetite Feel hopeless, worthless, or guilty Endure aches and pains Have suicidal thoughts Sometimes, depression can hit after the death of a spouse.
Question: What kinds of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can treat depression in older adults?
Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.
Question: What conditions while pregnant can increase the chances of having a child with cerebral palsy (CP)?
Answer: Some of the problems that can damage the brain or disrupt its growth include: Bleeding in the brain while the baby is in the womb, during birth or afterward A lack of blood flow to important organs Seizures at birth or in the first month of life Some genetic conditions Traumatic brain injuries You may have a condition while you're pregnant that can increase the chances your baby will have CP. Among them are: Being pregnant with multiples, such as twins or triplets Having a health issue such as seizures or a problem with your thyroid gland Having blood that's not compatible with your baby's, which is also called Rh disease Coming in contact with a toxic substance such as mercury, which is found in some kinds of fish Certain infections and viruses, when they strike during pregnancy, can increase the risk your baby will be born with cerebral palsy.
Question: What is cerebral palsy (CP)?
Answer: â Cerebralâ means the disorder is related to the brain, and âpalsyâ refers to weakness or a muscle problem. CP starts in the area of the brain that controls the ability to move muscles. Cerebral palsy can happen when that part of the brain doesn't develop as it should, or when it is damaged right around the time of birth or very early in life.
Question: What three types of scars are there from acne?
Answer: Acne leaves three major types of scars: Ice pick: deep but small pits Boxcar: sharp angles and edges; can be shallow or deep Rolling: tend to be wide and shallow (a wavy look) caused by damage under the surface You may need more than one kind of treatment to smooth your skin.
Question: What should I ask when considering treatments for acne scars and skin damage?
Answer: Here are some you may want to ask: Will I need other treatments? Will it hurt? What are the risks? How long before I see a change? Will I need to have the treatment more than once? What can I do (or not do) after surgery? How much does it cost? What will my insurance cover?
Question: How can I determine what treatment for severe acne scarring is right for me?
Answer: A wide variety of treatments can help make them less noticeable. A dermatologist (skin doctor) can help you choose the right ones. Your doctor will examine you and suggest a treatment plan. Her recommendations will depend on the type of damage to your skin and how serious it is.
Question: What happens if your tests show that you have invasive ductal carcinoma?
Answer: To diagnose cancer, you'll get a biopsy to collect cells for analysis. The doctor will remove a bit of tissue to look at under a microscope. They can make a diagnosis from the biopsy results.
Question: What do results of tests for invasive ductal carcinoma mean?
Answer: Knowing the stage will help guide your treatment.
Question: What is ductal carcinoma?
Answer: Ductal carcinoma is a common type of breast cancer that starts in cells that line the milk ducts, which carry breast milk to the nipple. There are two types: Invasive ductal carcinoma ( IDC) Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), also called intraductal carcinoma The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for each are different.