anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can bronchodilators help treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Answer: These medications work quickly to relax the muscles around your airways and ease symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath. You take them through an inhaler. You might take it with a long-acting bronchodilator.
Question: How many people with Crohn's disease will require another surgery?
Answer: In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy. The risk of recurrence may be lessened by taking medication to reduce inflammation. These medications include drugs that manipulate the immune system response. These drugs are known as immunomodulators r biologic medications. . Often, recurrent Crohn's disease needs treatment that involves only medication. But about half of people who get recurrent Crohn's disease will need another operation.
Question: What are some medications that treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: When Crohn's disease is active, treatment has three objectives: Relieve symptoms Control inflammation Get proper nutrition Medications are generally the first step in treating Crohn's disease. A partial list of these drugs includes: Anti-inflammatories Antibiotics Antidiarrheal medicine Immune suppressors, including: Corticosteroids Immunomodulators - azathioprine ( Imuran), 6- MPBiologic Medications - infliximab ( Remicade), adulimumab For people with nutrition problems, doctors often prescribe supplements.
Question: How does a colectomy treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: Colectomy is the removal of the entire colon. This might be done if the disease is severe and extensive enough. It may be possible to connect the rectum to the small intestine -- ileum -- if the rectum is not affected by Crohn's disease.
Question: How long can remission last with Crohn's disease?
Answer: People with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms. These are followed by periods with no symptoms when the disease is in remission. With Crohn's disease, remission can last for weeks or even years. But there is no way to know when a remission will happen or when symptoms will return.
Question: What are the complications of Crohn's disease that might require surgery?
Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood.
Question: How does strictureplasty treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: Crohn's disease in the small intestine often shows up in alternating areas of the bowel. As a result, a diseased portion of the bowel is connected to a disease-free portion. Strictureplasty is a surgical procedure to widen the narrow area of the small intestine in a portion that is affected by the disease. No part of the intestine is removed.
Question: What are the risks of recurrence for Crohn's disease?
Answer: In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy.
Question: What  complications of Crohn's disease might require surgery?
Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood.
Question: What parts of the body does Crohn's disease commonly affect?
Answer: Crohn's disease most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine, known as the ileum. But it can happen in any part of the large or small intestine, stomach, esophagus, or even the mouth. It can happen at any age, but it's most common between the ages of 15 and 30.
Question: What are some other reasons to use surgery to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood. If you develop a fistula or an abscess, you may need surgery. Fistulas, the abnormal passageways, may first be treated with medication. You will have a computed tomography ( CT) scan to let your doctor find the abscess. In some cases, the pus can be fully drained with a tube place through the skin. But in many cases, surgery is needed to treat the abscess.
Question: What is the cure for Crohn's disease?
Answer: Treatment depends on the severity and location of the disease. Because the disease can sometimes go into remission on its own, it's not always possible to know whether a specific treatment has been effective. No part of the intestine is removed.
Question: What are some possible causes of rashes on the breast?
Answer: Paget's disease is a rare skin disorder that's often linked to breast cancer in the tissues behind your nipple.
Question: What conditions can seem like chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: Many people who have ME/ CFS have other conditions, too. If you get treated for those, it might also improve your chronic fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome ME/ CFS can look a lot like âmonoâ (mononucleosis), Lyme disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, sleep disorders, or depression.
Question: How are cataracts treated?
Answer: Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help. If halos or glare are a problem, night driving may be difficult. Sunglasses and tinted lenses can improve driving comfort during the day. See your eye doctor for any concerns you have. If a cataract begins to interfere with your day-to-day life, an ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery can remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear lens implant.
Question: What is the treatment for dry eyes?
Answer: For mild dry eye, over-the-counter artificial tears may do the trick, along with self-care, such as increasing humidity. Prescription eye drops or other types of treatment may be best for more severe cases of dry eye. You should see your eye doctor if nonprescription drops don't relieve your dry-eye symptoms, since dry eyes can be a symptom of other eye problems.
Question: What are the symptoms of cataracts?
Answer: Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need.
Question: Besides presbyopia, cataracts, floaters, and dry eyes, what other eye changes accompany aging?
Answer: These are some other changes that are common with age: Pupils become smaller and don't open as well as they used to. Eyelids droop or become inflamed. This sometimes affects vision. You can make some adjustments to deal with these changes, such as: Use extra lighting and put shades on lightbulbs. Choose "high color" fluorescent bulbs with a color-rendering index of 80 or above. Wear glasses with anti-reflective coating. Get rid of distractions when driving. Get an eye exam at least once a year. Exercise regularly, don't smoke, and protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays and injury.
Question: Why is diet important for people with heart disease?
Answer: For someone with heart disease, diet is a big deal. Along with other healthy habits, it can slow or even partially reverse the narrowing of the heart's arteries and help prevent further complications. You can help a loved one who has heart disease by adopting a diet that curbs LDL (''bad'') cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar, and helps with weight loss. The best strategy: Focus on what the person with heart disease can eat, not just what's off-limits. Research shows that adding heart-saving foods is just as important as cutting back on others.
Question: How can people with heart disease choose fat calories wisely?
Answer: Choose fat calories wisely by: Limit saturated fat (found in animal products). Avoid artificial trans fats as much as possible. Check ingredient lists for "partially hydrogenated" oils. When using added fats for cooking or baking, choose oils that are high in monounsaturated fat (for example, olive and peanut oil) or polyunsaturated fat (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oils).
Question: How do menopausal migraines occur?
Answer: For many women, migraines get better once their periods have finally stopped.
Question: How can you prevent migraines caused by birth control?
Answer: Some birth control methods, like pills, patches, or vaginal rings, can help cut the number or the severity of menstrual migraines. You may need to try different types with different combinations and doses of hormones to find what works for you. Or your doctor may suggest using birth control continuously for a while, without a break for a period, to avoid headaches. But if you have migraine with aura, you shouldn't use hormonal birth control because of a greater likelihood of strokes. Even if you don't have auras, your doctor may not want to prescribe birth control if you're over 35 and you smoke, have high blood pressure or cholesterol, are more than a little overweight, or have diabetes.
Question: How do hormones from pregnancy cause migraines?
Answer: You might try a mild pain reliever, like acetaminophen, but check with your doctor to make sure it's safe for you before you take it. An estrogen patch can keep levels of the hormone steadier, so you're less likely to have bad migraines.
Question: How can you prevent hemorrhoids?
Answer: Eat fiber. A good way to get it is from plant foods -- vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and legumes. Drink water. It will help you avoid hard stools and constipation, so you strain less during bowel movements. Fruits and vegetables, which have fiber, also have water in them. Exercise. Physical activity, like walking a half-hour every day, is another way to keep your blood and your bowels moving. Don't wait to go. Use the toilet as soon as you feel the urge.
Question: What are external hemorrhoids?
Answer: External hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus, where there are many more pain-sensing nerves, so they tend to hurt as well as bleed.
Question: What are prolapsed hemorrhoids?
Answer: Internal hemorrhoids are far enough inside the rectum that you can't usually see or feel them. They don't generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Sometimes hemorrhoids prolapse, or get bigger and bulge outside the anal sphincter. Then you may be able to see them as moist bumps that are pinker than the surrounding area.
Question: What causes hemorrhoids?
Answer: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. And they're more likely to hurt, often when you poop. Or it could come from: Pushing during bowel movements Straining when you do something that's physically hard, like lifting something heavy People who stand or sit for long stretches of time are at greater risk, too. You may get them when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn't clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.
Question: What are internal hemorrhoids?
Answer: They don't generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Bleeding may be the only sign of them. Prolapsed hemorrhoids usually go back inside on their own.
Question: How can a thrombosis happen in hemorrhoids?
Answer: And they're more likely to hurt, often when you poop. When the clot dissolves, you may still have a bit of skin left over, which could get irritated.
Question: What are hemorrhoids?
Answer: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. But you should see your doctor to make sure it's not a more serious condition. He can also remove hemorrhoids that won't go away or are very painful. Bleeding may be the only sign of them. Sometimes hemorrhoids prolapse, or get bigger and bulge outside the anal sphincter. A buildup of pressure in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell.
Question: How does retinitis pigmentosa allow someone to lose their peripheral vision?
Answer: Retinitis Pigmentosa ( RP): This genetic disorder damages the retina, the part of the eye that senses light. Night blindness is one of the first symptoms. You might also have a hard time telling different colors apart. Over time, you'll notice changes in your peripheral vision. You can get this condition at any age, but it usually strikes teens and young adults. Most people who have it are legally blind by age 40.
Question: How can I prevent losing peripheral vision?
Answer: There's no research to suggest it. But you can take control of some of the conditions that put you at risk. For example, glaucoma can strike anyone. If you're African- American, over age 60, or have a family history of glaucoma, you have an even greater chance of getting it. But you can lower your chances: See your doctor for a complete eye exam every 2 to 4 years, beginning at age 40.
Question: How does glaucoma make someone lose peripheral vision?
Answer: Most often, it's a side effect of other medical conditions. Two of these, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, are among the most common. Glaucoma: This disease is caused by the buildup of fluid and pressure in the eye. It can damage the nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain. When this happens, you may lose your peripheral vision. Over time, you could lose all of your eyesight. Luckily, doctors can prevent vision loss if they find your glaucoma early.
Question: How do doctors diagnose a loss of  peripheral vision?
Answer: He'll place a bowl-shaped device in front of your face. You'll wear a patch over one eye so each can be tested separately. While you look straight ahead, lights flash at different points around the bowl. You'll press a button when you see lights, without turning your head from side to side. If you have an eye disease, your doctor might repeat this test every 6 to 12 months to measure changes in your vision. People who have a higher risk for glaucoma should also be tested regularly.
Question: How is the loss of peripheral vision treated?
Answer: If you lose your peripheral vision because of glaucoma or RP, you can't reverse it. But you can be proactive and slow down or stop the damage. For instance, if you do yoga, avoid a pose makes you be upside down because that has been shown to increase eye pressure. If your doctor finds and treats glaucoma early, he can give you medications to reduce the eye pressure that causes it. If that doesn't work, he might recommend surgery. Studies show that vitamin A may slow down vision loss caused by RP. Your doctor can help you find ways to cope with poor eyesight and may be able to slow or stop the damage.
Question: What can lower my risk of losing peripheral vision?
Answer: If you play sports or work around the house, wear protective glasses or goggles to protect your eyes. Eye injuries can cause glaucoma. Studies show that regular exercise can help reduce eye pressure, the main cause of this eye disorder. If you work out, you can also lower your high blood pressure, cutting your risk even more.
Question: Is peripheral vision loss treatable?
Answer: But you can be proactive and slow down or stop the damage. For instance, if you do yoga, avoid a pose makes you be upside down because that has been shown to increase eye pressure. If your doctor finds and treats glaucoma early, he can give you medications to reduce the eye pressure that causes it. If that doesn't work, he might recommend surgery.
Question: How do doctors identify peripheral vision loss?
Answer: He'll place a bowl-shaped device in front of your face. You'll wear a patch over one eye so each can be tested separately. While you look straight ahead, lights flash at different points around the bowl. You'll press a button when you see lights, without turning your head from side to side. If you have an eye disease, your doctor might repeat this test every 6 to 12 months to measure changes in your vision.
Question: Can you prevent peripheral vision loss?
Answer: But you can take control of some of the conditions that put you at risk. For example, glaucoma can strike anyone. If you're African- American, over age 60, or have a family history of glaucoma, you have an even greater chance of getting it. But you can lower your chances: See your doctor for a complete eye exam every 2 to 4 years, beginning at age 40.
Question: Why do you lose peripheral vision?
Answer: Most often, it's a side effect of other medical conditions. Two of these, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, are among the most common.
Question: How can I protect myself from peripheral vision loss?
Answer: If you play sports or work around the house, wear protective glasses or goggles to protect your eyes. Eye injuries can cause glaucoma. Studies show that regular exercise can help reduce eye pressure, the main cause of this eye disorder. If you work out, you can also lower your high blood pressure, cutting your risk even more.
Question: What are combinations of medicine for arthritis pain?
Answer: Some products also combine ingredients. For example, aspirin may be combined with acetaminophen in a single tablet for arthritis relief. Some medicines combine OTC pain relievers with other drugs, such as antihistamines, decongestants, or pain medicines to help you sleep.
Question: What over-the-counter NSAIDs are used to treat arthritis?
Answer: NSAIDs work similarly to aspirin to ease joint pain. Although there are more than a dozen NSAIDs available by prescription, only two are currently available OTC: ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin IB) and naproxen sodium ( Aleve). Ibuprofen is also available in many generic and store-brand products and, like acetaminophen, may be the active ingredient in products labeled "non-aspirin pain relief."
Question: What can happen if you take more than one over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever for arthritic pain?
Answer: Because many OTC products contain the same ingredients, it's important to know what's in the medicines you take. Otherwise, if you take more than one product, you may get too much of one ingredient. Overdoses of any of these pain relievers can increase the risk of side effects and even be fatal.
Question: What exercise can you do if you can't afford to go to the gym?
Answer: Put on some athletic shoes with good support and go for a walk or a jog. Or spend an hour gardening in the backyard. If the weather is bad, use what's available around your home. Canned goods work well as light weights for resistance training. You can also use your own body weight (for planks or pushups), or walk up and down the stairs. If you'd like to invest in a machine, look for lightly used exercise equipment at local yard sales.
Question: How can I find someone to exercise with?
Answer: Or spend an hour gardening in the backyard. Check the schedule at your local community center or YMCA to see what free or affordable exercise classes they offer. Find opportunities to connect with people who enjoy the same activities as you do. Once you get talking about your active lifestyle, you may be surprised to learn that there are already people around you who you can exercise with and who are working to get fit.
Question: Why should you exercise as you age?
Answer: At every age, it makes a huge difference in how you feel and move, helps you whittle down those numbers (like your weight, cholesterol, or blood pressure) that your doctor keeps mentioning, and even brightens your mood. Actually, not moving is much riskier and can speed up the aging process. Inactive people are twice as likely to develop heart disease, and they also have more doctor visits and take more medications. Remember, the more physically fit you are, the less likely you are to get injured. Improving your balance by doing things like yoga and tai chi may also help you avoid falls in your everyday life. That's enough to help your blood circulation and cholesterol levels, and it can brighten your mood.
Question: What are benefits of physical activity as you get older?
Answer: Remember, the more physically fit you are, the less likely you are to get injured. Improving your balance by doing things like yoga and tai chi may also help you avoid falls in your everyday life. When done regularly, exercise helps strengthen your heart rather than put it at risk. That's enough to help your blood circulation and cholesterol levels, and it can brighten your mood.
Question: What physical exercise is appropriate for your age?
Answer: First, talk to your doctor before beginning an exercise program. She can tell you which activities to try and which ones to avoid. When you get started, work with a pro who can show you exactly what to do. That way, you'll stay safe. Don't judge what you can do today by what you did in the past. Exercising isn't about running as fast as you did on your high school track team or when you were in your 20s. You can move at your own pace and still benefit.
Question: How often should you exercise as you age?
Answer: For overall heart health, the American Heart Association recommends 30 minutes of aerobic activity 5 days per week, and 2 days per week of strength training. Even a 10-minute walk is a good start. Once you get talking about your active lifestyle, you may be surprised to learn that there are already people around you who you can exercise with and who are working to get fit.
Question: What are symptoms of wheezing?
Answer: The symptoms of wheezing include a musical or whistling sound and labored breathing, particularly when exhaling; sometimes they're accompanied by a feeling of tightening in the chest. You can hear wheezing more loudly if you plug your ears and exhale rapidly, or by using a stethoscope to listen to breathing over the lungs.
Question: How can corticosteroids help with lupus?
Answer: Lupus makes parts of your immune system overactive, so it attacks healthy tissue by mistake. Corticosteroids weaken this immune response. Your doctor may prescribe them if lupus causes problems in your heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, or blood vessels. Taken as a pill or IV, corticosteroids work fast to ease the swelling, warmth, and soreness in joints caused by inflammation. They can also prevent long-term organ damage.