anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What causes dense breasts?
Answer: Things that affect your breast density include: Age: Young women tend to have denser breasts than older women. Heredity: If your mother had dense breasts, you probably will, too. Menopause: Most women's breasts become more fatty after they go through menopause. Hormones: Hormone replacement therapy and birth control pills can make breasts more dense. It can make your breasts more dense.
Question: How can dense breasts affect mammogram results?
Answer: Fat appears dark on a mammogram. Everything else looks white. So it can be a challenge to tell the difference between what's normal and what's suspicious. It's easier to miss a trouble spot or to falsely diagnose breast cancer. Even in women with dense breasts, masses are correctly identified most of the time. And new digital technology has made mammograms more accurate. They may not be perfect, but mammograms are still the best way to detect breast cancer early.
Question: What happens during step 2 of an ileocolectomy and colectomy?
Answer: In the ileocolectomy, the diseased section of the ileum and ascending colon must be cut away from the healthy bowel. Before this section can be removed, it must be freed from its supporting structures. In the right colectomy, the ascending colon must be freed from its supporting structure. The bowel is attached to the abdominal wall by a layer of tissue called the "mesentery." The mesentery also contains the main blood vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the ileum and ascending colon. These arteries will be carefully cut and closed. In an ileocolectomy, the surgeon will then free the ileum and ascending colon from the mesentery. In a right colectomy, only the ascending colon will be freed from the mesentery. After the bowel is free from the mesentery, the surgeon will cut away the diseased section of bowel.
Question: What happens during step 4 of an ileocolectomy and colectomy?
Answer: After the bag has been removed, the ends of the colon will be pulled through the enlarged incision. Your surgeon will then use a stapling device or sutures (stitches) to rejoin the bowel. This rejoining is called an "anastomosis." Before the operation is completed, the surgeon will rinse out the abdominal cavity and check the anastomosis for leaks. Lastly, all of the incisions in the abdomen will be stitched or taped closed.
Question: What is a laparoscopic ileocolectomy and right colectomy?
Answer: Both surgeries are used to treat the following: Cancer Noncancerous growths Areas of swelling (inflammation) caused by Crohn's disease The term "laparoscopic" refers to a type of surgery called laparoscopy. In the ileocolectomy, the diseased section of the ileum and ascending colon must be cut away from the healthy bowel. In a right colectomy, only the ascending colon will be freed from the mesentery.
Question: What happens if you stop taking antibiotics too soon for strep throat?
Answer: If strep is not fully treated, it might lead to complications such as: Sinus and tonsil infections Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, brain, and joints Kidney problems When people stop taking antibiotics too soon, the bacteria that cause strep can become resistant to the medication. That means another case of strep would be much harder to control.
Question: What happens if you test positive for strep throat?
Answer: Until the antibiotics start to work, these home treatments can help you or your child feel better: Over-the-counter pain relievers: Take acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) to bring down a fever and ease the sore throat.
Question: What test is done to make sure you have strep throat?
Answer: So your doctor will likely do what's called a ârapid strep testâ to be sure it's strep.
Question: How are antibiotics taken?
Answer: Kids or adults who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take one of these antibiotics instead: Azithromycin ( Zithromax, Zmax, Z- Pak) Cephalosporins, including cefixime ( Suprax), cefuroxime ( Ceftin), and cephalexin ( Keflex) Clarithromycin ( Biaxin) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Your child will take antibiotics by mouth 1 to 3 times each day. Sometimes doctors give this medicine as a shot.
Question: How long do you take antibiotics for to treat strep throat?
Answer: Kids usually feel better a day or two after they start them. Once they've been on these drugs for about 24 hours, they're no longer contagious and can go back to school.
Question: If you are allergic to penicillin, what are other types of antibiotics that can be used for strep throat?
Answer: Kids or adults who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take one of these antibiotics instead: Azithromycin ( Zithromax, Zmax, Z- Pak) Cephalosporins, including cefixime ( Suprax), cefuroxime ( Ceftin), and cephalexin ( Keflex) Clarithromycin ( Biaxin) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Your child will take antibiotics by mouth 1 to 3 times each day.
Question: What are the most common types of antibiotics for strep throat?
Answer: Antibiotics can: Relieve a sore throat and other symptoms when they are caused by strep Help your child get better faster Make it less likely it will be spread to others Help prevent complications such as sinus and tonsil infections, and more serious things such as rheumatic fever Doctors most often prescribe penicillin or amoxicillin ( Amoxil) to treat strep throat. They are the top choices because they're safer, inexpensive, and they work well on strep bacteria.
Question: What are complications if strep is not fully treated?
Answer: Even after kids start to feel better, they should finish all their pills. You can leave some bacteria alive if you stop too soon. If strep is not fully treated, it might lead to complications such as: Sinus and tonsil infections Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, brain, and joints Kidney problems When people stop taking antibiotics too soon, the bacteria that cause strep can become resistant to the medication.
Question: What do antibiotics do for strep throat?
Answer: Antibiotics can: Relieve a sore throat and other symptoms when they are caused by strep Help your child get better faster Make it less likely it will be spread to others Help prevent complications such as sinus and tonsil infections, and more serious things such as rheumatic fever Doctors most often prescribe penicillin or amoxicillin ( Amoxil) to treat strep throat.
Question: Why are antibiotics used for strep throat?
Answer: Strep throat, caused by bacteria, is one type of sore throat that can be treated. They will work only on bacteria. They have no effect on sore throats caused by viruses.
Question: What are signs of an allergy to antibiotics?
Answer: Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include: Wheezing Trouble breathing Rash Fast heartbeat Dizziness Call your doctor right away if your child has these symptoms. It can cause a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.
Question: What home treatments can help relieve symptoms of strep throat?
Answer: Kids get it more often, but adults can be infected, too. If the test is positive (meaning you or your child has it), medication can relieve the sore throat and other symptoms. Rest: Stay home from school or work. You need extra rest to help your body fight off the infection. Gargling: Rinse with a mixture of a quarter-teaspoon of salt and 8 ounces of warm water to relieve a scratchy throat. Lozenges and hard candy: Older kids can suck on these to feel better. Avoid giving small pieces of candy to children 4 and younger. Water and warm liquids such as soup or tea soothe the throat and keep you hydrated. If cold feels better on your throat, suck on a frozen pop or ice chips. Avoid orange juice, lemonade, and other drinks that are high in acid. These can burn your throat.
Question: What are food sources of iodine?
Answer: Iodine Food sources include: Iodized salt, some seafood, kelp, and seaweed What it does: Works to make thyroid hormones.
Question: What are food sources of molybdenum?
Answer: Molybdenum Food sources include: Legumes, grain products, and nuts What it does: Helps process proteins and other substances.
Question: What does folate (folic acid) do?
Answer: Folate ( Folic Acid) Food sources include: Fortified cereals and grain products; lima, lentil, kidney, and garbanzo beans; and dark leafy vegetables What it does: Promotes cell development, prevents birth defects, promotes heart health, and helps red blood cells form.
Question: What does vitamin D do?
Answer: Vitamin D Food sources include: Fortified milk, cheese, and cereals; egg yolks; salmon, cod liver oil What it does: Maintains bone health and helps the body process calcium; important for immune system function; may protect from cancer.
Question: What are food sources of potassium?
Answer: Potassium Food sources include: Broccoli, potatoes with the skin, prune juice, orange juice, leafy green vegetables, bananas, raisins, and tomatoes What it does: Helps the nervous system and muscles; helps maintain a healthy balance of water.
Question: What are food sources of calcium?
Answer: Calcium Food sources include: Dairy products, broccoli, dark leafy greens like spinach and rhubarb, and fortified products, such as orange juice, soy milk, and tofu What it does: Helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth.
Question: What are food sources of copper?
Answer: Copper Food sources include: Organ meats (like liver), seafood, cashews, sunflower seeds, wheat bran cereals, whole-grain products, avocados, and cocoa products What it does: Helps break down iron, helps make red blood cells, and helps produce energy for cells.
Question: What does vitamin B3 (niacin) do?
Answer: It also helps your body make red blood cells. Vitamin B3 ( Niacin) Food sources include: Poultry, fish, meat, whole grains, and fortified cereals What it does: Helps with digestion and changing food into energy; helps make cholesterol.
Question: What does calcium do?
Answer: Supports cell communication.
Question: What does vitamin A do?
Answer: Vitamin A Food sources include: Cod-liver oil, milk, eggs, sweet potatoes, carrots, leafy vegetables, and fortified foods such as breakfast cereals What it does: Promotes good eyesight and normal functioning of the immune system.
Question: What does vitamin E do?
Answer: Vitamin E Food sources include: Leafy green vegetables, almonds, hazelnuts, and vegetable oils like sunflower, canola, and soybean What it does: As an antioxidant, it helps protect cells from damage.
Question: What are food sources of vitamin D?
Answer: Vitamin D Food sources include: Fortified milk, cheese, and cereals; egg yolks; salmon, cod liver oil What it does: Maintains bone health and helps the body process calcium; important for immune system function; may protect from cancer.
Question: What are food sources of vitamin A?
Answer: Vitamin A Food sources include: Cod-liver oil, milk, eggs, sweet potatoes, carrots, leafy vegetables, and fortified foods such as breakfast cereals What it does: Promotes good eyesight and normal functioning of the immune system.
Question: What are food sources of magnesium?
Answer: Magnesium Food sources include: Whole grains, leafy green vegetables, almonds, Brazil nuts, soybeans, halibut, peanuts, hazelnuts, lima beans, black-eyed peas, avocados, bananas, What it does: Helps muscles and nerves work, steadies heart rhythm, maintains bone strength, and helps the body create energy.
Question: What does vitamin K do?
Answer: kiwi, and grapes What it does: Helps blood clot and maintains bone health.
Question: What does vitamin B1 (thiamine) do?
Answer: Vitamin B1 ( Thiamine) Food sources include: Beans and enriched, fortified, or whole-grain products such as bread, pasta, and cereals What it does: Helps the body process carbohydrates and some protein.
Question: What are food sources of vitamin B3 (niacin)?
Answer: Vitamin B3 ( Niacin) Food sources include: Poultry, fish, meat, whole grains, and fortified cereals What it does: Helps with digestion and changing food into energy; helps make cholesterol.
Question: What does manganese do?
Answer: Manganese Food sources include: Milk, eggs, cereal, date palm, corn flour, carob flour, scallops, mussels, and leafy and non-leafy vegetables, pecans, almonds, green and black tea, whole grains, and pineapple juice What it does: Supports bone formation and wound healing, and also helps break down proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. It's also an antioxidant.
Question: What does iron do?
Answer: Iron Food sources include: Leafy green vegetables, beans, shellfish, red meat, eggs, poultry, soy foods, and some fortified foods What it does: Carries oxygen to all parts of the body through red blood cells.
Question: What does chromium do?
Answer: Chromium Food sources include: Some cereals, beef, turkey, fish, broccoli, and grape juice What it does: Helps maintain normal blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Question: What are food sources of manganese?
Answer: Manganese Food sources include: Milk, eggs, cereal, date palm, corn flour, carob flour, scallops, mussels, and leafy and non-leafy vegetables, pecans, almonds, green and black tea, whole grains, and pineapple juice What it does: Supports bone formation and wound healing, and also helps break down proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
Question: What are food sources of phosphorus?
Answer: Phosphorus Food sources include: Dairy products, beef, chicken, halibut, salmon, eggs, and whole wheat breads What it does: Helps cells work, helps the body make energy, helps red blood cells deliver oxygen, and helps make bone.
Question: What does vitamin B12 do?
Answer: Vitamin B12 Food sources include: Beef, clams, mussels, crabs, salmon, poultry, soybeans, and fortified foods What it does: Helps with cell division and helps make red blood cells.
Question: What are food sources of vitamin B12?
Answer: Vitamin B12 Food sources include: Beef, clams, mussels, crabs, salmon, poultry, soybeans, and fortified foods What it does: Helps with cell division and helps make red blood cells.
Question: What does potassium do?
Answer: Potassium Food sources include: Broccoli, potatoes with the skin, prune juice, orange juice, leafy green vegetables, bananas, raisins, and tomatoes What it does: Helps the nervous system and muscles; helps maintain a healthy balance of water.
Question: What can cause eye floaters?
Answer: It's rare, but floaters can also result from: Eye disease Eye injury Diabetic retinopathy Crystal-like deposits that form in the vitreous Eye tumors Serious eye disorders associated with floaters include: Detached retina Torn retina Bleeding in your vitreous Inflamed vitreous or retina caused by infections or an autoimmune condition Eye tumors Something that might resemble a floater is the visual aura that can come with a migraine headache.
Question: What serious eye disorders are known to occur with eye floaters?
Answer: It's rare, but floaters can also result from: Eye disease Eye injury Diabetic retinopathy Crystal-like deposits that form in the vitreous Eye tumors Serious eye disorders associated with floaters include: Detached retina Torn retina Bleeding in your vitreous Inflamed vitreous or retina caused by infections or an autoimmune condition Eye tumors Something that might resemble a floater is the visual aura that can come with a migraine headache.
Question: Where do eye floaters come from?
Answer: It's rare, but floaters can also result from: Eye disease Eye injury Diabetic retinopathy Crystal-like deposits that form in the vitreous Eye tumors Serious eye disorders associated with floaters include: Detached retina Torn retina Bleeding in your vitreous Inflamed vitreous or retina caused by infections or an autoimmune condition Eye tumors Something that might resemble a floater is the visual aura that can come with a migraine headache.
Question: How do I choose a doctor for eye floaters?
Answer: Go to the doctor ASAP if you notice: A sudden increase in the number of floaters Flashes of light A loss of side vision Changes that come on quickly and get worse over time Floaters after eye surgery or eye trauma Eye pain Choose a doctor who has experience with retina problems. If you don't get help right away, you could lose your sight.
Question: What complications can I get from eye floaters?
Answer: You might have complications like: Detached retina Torn retina Cataracts The risk is low, but if these problems happen, they can permanently damage your vision.
Question: How can I be treated if I have a lot of eye floaters?
Answer: If you have so many that they block your vision, your eye doctor may suggest surgery called a vitrectomy. He'll remove the vitreous and replace it with a salt solution.
Question: When should you visit a doctor for eye floaters?
Answer: Go to the doctor ASAP if you notice: A sudden increase in the number of floaters Flashes of light A loss of side vision Changes that come on quickly and get worse over time Floaters after eye surgery or eye trauma Eye pain Choose a doctor who has experience with retina problems. If you don't get help right away, you could lose your sight.
Question: What eye disorders are associated with eye floaters?
Answer: It's rare, but floaters can also result from: Eye disease Eye injury Diabetic retinopathy Crystal-like deposits that form in the vitreous Eye tumors Serious eye disorders associated with floaters include: Detached retina Torn retina Bleeding in your vitreous Inflamed vitreous or retina caused by infections or an autoimmune condition Eye tumors Something that might resemble a floater is the visual aura that can come with a migraine headache.
Question: What causes eye floaters?
Answer: Eye floaters appear as small spots that drift through your field of vision. They're part of a gel-like substance in the back of your eye called the vitreous. As you age, the protein fibers that make up the vitreous shrink down to little shreds that clump together. The shadows they cast on your retina are floaters. If you see a flash, it's because the vitreous has pulled away from the retina. If the floaters are new or dramatically changed or you suddenly start seeing flashes, see your eye doctor ASAP.
Question: Is it normal to ignore eye floaters?
Answer: They tend to dart away when you try to focus on them. But you usually notice them less over time. Benign ones almost never require medical treatment.
Question: How are eye floaters treated?
Answer: Only rarely do they get bad enough to require treatment. If they annoy you, try to get them out of your field of vision. Move your eyes -- this shifts the fluid around. Look up and down, that usually works better than side to side. If you have so many that they block your vision, your eye doctor may suggest surgery called a vitrectomy. He'll remove the vitreous and replace it with a salt solution.
Question: When should I have surgery for pancreatitis?
Answer: If your pancreatitis is caused by gallstones or an obstructed bile or pancreatic duct, you may need surgery or have an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) done once your symptoms have subsided. An ERCP is a procedure that involves the insertion of a tube down your throat into the stomach and upper intestines to the place where the bile duct and pancreatic duct drain. A small incision is made to remove stones in the bile duct or a plastic tube called a stent is inserted into the ducts to relieve the obstruction.
Question: How is pancreatitis treated?
Answer: Initial treatment of acute pancreatitis includes pain control, hydration, and nutritional support. If you have an attack of acute pancreatitis, you may receive strong drugs for pain. You may have to have your stomach drained with a tube placed through the nose. If the attack is prolonged, you may be fed and hydrated intravenously.
Question: Can feeling better right away be a sign that your medication for depression is not right for you?
Answer: You feel better right away: It might sound strange, but this could be a sign your medication isn't working the way it should. Feeling like you're instantly better may be a placebo effect -- you think it's helping. Real help won't happen that fast. It takes weeks for your medicine to start working.
Question: Can big mood swings be a sign that your medication for depression is not right for you?
Answer: Big mood swings: Any serious changes in your emotions, positive or negative, can be a sign that you need to change your medication.
Question: How long does it take medication for depression to start working?
Answer: No relief after 12 weeks: While you won't notice changes from these medications overnight, you should start to feel some difference in 4 to 6 weeks, with the best results sometimes coming in 8 to 12 weeks. If you don't feel better by 3 months or your symptoms get worse, let your doctor know.
Question: How is an additional staging tests used to diagnose stomach cancer?
Answer: In order to determine the severity of stomach cancer, other tests such as a bone scan, PET scan, or laparoscopy may be performed.
Question: How is a computed tomography (CT) scan used to diagnose stomach cancer?
Answer: A computed tomography ( CT) scan can give your doctor detailed pictures of structures inside of the body using X-rays. This test is used after a stomach cancer is diagnosed in order to determine the stage of the cancer. To evaluate whether the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes or other organs, the chest, abdomen, and pelvis are scanned. The CT scan can also detect fluid in the abdomen (ascites) as well as abdominal and pelvic nodules.
Question: How is surgery used to treat stomach cancer?
Answer: Treatments for stomach cancer may include one or more of the following: Surgery, called gastrectomy, removes all or part of the stomach, as well as some of the tissue surrounding the stomach. Lymph nodes near the stomach are also removed and biopsied to check for cancer cells. For stage zero through stage 3 stomach cancer, surgery provides the only real chance for a cure at this time.
Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat stomach cancer?
Answer: Prior to surgery, chemotherapy -- with or without radiation -- is sometimes used to shrink the tumor or to make an inoperable tumor suitable for surgery (known as neo-adjuvant therapy). Radiation therapy is the use of ionizing X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This is used with chemotherapy before or after surgery and sometimes both.
Question: What should I expect from an Upper GI series test for stomach cancer?
Answer: These are X-rays of the esophagus (food tube) and stomach, which is called the upper gastrointestinal ( GI) tract. You drink a barium solution, which outlines the stomach on the X-ray, helping the doctor see tumors or other abnormalities.
Question: What are endoscopy and biopsy tests for stomach cancer?
Answer: This test examines the esophagus and stomach using a thin, lighted tube called an endoscope, which is passed through the mouth to the stomach. Through the endoscope, the doctor can look directly at the inside of the stomach. If an abnormal area is found, the doctor will remove some tissue to be examined under a microscope (called a biopsy). A biopsy is the only sure way to diagnose cancer. Endoscopy and biopsy are the best methods of identifying stomach cancer.
Question: What does an endoscopic ultrasound for stomach cancer show?
Answer: This test can determine the depth of invasion of the tumor and evaluate lymph nodes around the cancer.
Question: What tests are used to stage stomach cancer?
Answer: In order to determine the severity of stomach cancer, other tests such as a bone scan, PET scan, or laparoscopy may be performed.
Question: What signs indicate I need testing for stomach cancer?
Answer: Your doctor may identify signs of stomach cancer, such as enlarged lymph nodes or liver, increased fluid in the abdomen (ascites), or bumps (nodules) in or under the skin of the abdomen during a physical exam. These signs typically indicate an advanced cancer. If you complain of vague symptoms such as persistent indigestion, pain, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, your doctor should order tests.