anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are tips for picking bristles on a toothbrush?
Answer: For the vast majority of people, a soft-bristled toothbrush will be the most comfortable and safest choice. Depending on how vigorously you brush your teeth and the strength of your teeth, medium- and hard-bristled brushes could actually damage the gums, root surface, and protective tooth enamel. For even more tooth protection when you brush, be sure the bristles on the toothbrush you select have rounded tips.
Question: What is behavioral therapy to quit smoking?
Answer: This involves working with a counselor to find ways not to smoke. Together, you'll find your triggers (such as emotions or situations that make you want to smoke) and make a plan to get through the cravings.
Question: What if I start smoking again after quitting?
Answer: It's called a relapse, and a lot of people go through it before they kick the habit for good. It's also very normal in strong addictions like smoking. If it happens, try to smoke as little as possible until you're ready to quit again.
Question: How hard will it be to quit smoking?
Answer: Everyone is different, and how tough it will be for you depends on: How many cigarettes you smoke a day If your friends and family members smoke Why you smoke Focus on the benefits.
Question: What are combo treatments to help you quit smoking?
Answer: You might be more likely to quit for good if you use a mix of different methods. For example, using both a nicotine patch and gum may be better than a patch alone. Other helpful combinations include behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy; prescription medication with a nicotine replacement therapy patch; and a nicotine replacement therapy patch and nicotine spray. The FDA hasn't approved using two types of nicotine replacement therapies at the same time, so be sure to talk with your doctor first to see if this is the right approach for you.
Question: How well does quitting smoking cold turkey work?
Answer: Only about 5% to 7% are able to quit on their own. Have a quit-smoking support group available.
Question: What is advance directive (living will)?
Answer: Advance Directive (living will): A document written in "good" health which informs your family and health care providers of your wishes for extended medical treatment in times of emergency.
Question: What is the definition of trans-myocardial revascularization?
Answer: Trans- Myocardial Revascularization ( TMR): A procedure used in people with severe heart disease who are not candidates for bypass surgery. In this procedure, an incision is made in the chest. The heart is exposed and small holes are drilled through the wall of the heart with a laser.
Question: What is the definition of diastolic pressure?
Answer: Diastolic Pressure: The pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling. It is the lower of two blood pressure measurements; for example, if the blood pressure is 120/80, then 80 is the diastolic pressure.
Question: What is the dipyridamole stress test?
Answer: Dipyridamole Stress Test: If you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle for a stress test, a drug called dipyridamole ( Persantine) is used instead of exercise to test the heart's blood flow.
Question: What is ECMO (extra corporeal membrane oxygenation)?
Answer: ECMO( Extra corporeal Membrane Oxygenation): In people who are unable to provide oxygen for their own blood or enough blood circulation, they can be put on life support known as extra corporeal membrane oxygenation. The blood is withdrawn from a large vein in the body and passes through a pumping mechanism, and then through a device that puts oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. The blood is then returned to the body and circulated in such a way as to sustain life.
Question: What is the definition of radial artery?
Answer: Radial Artery: The radial artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood in the forearm. You can feel the pulse of the radial artery by feeling the inside of the wrist underneath the base of the thumb.
Question: What is the definition of Holter monitor?
Answer: Holter Monitor: A small recorder (monitor) that monitors for abnormal heartbeats. It is attached to electrodes on your chest. It records the heart's rhythm continuously for 24 to 48 hours. After the monitor is removed, the heart's beats are counted and analyzed by a technician with the aid of a computer. Your doctor can learn if you are having irregular heartbeats, what kind they are, how long they last, as well as what may cause them.
Question: What is the definition of idiopathic?
Answer: Idiopathic: When the cause of a disease or process is not known.
Question: What is the definition of coronary arteries?
Answer: Coronary Arteries: Network of blood vessels that branch off the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. There are two main coronary arteries: the right and the left.
Question: What is the definition of flutter?
Answer: Flutter: One form of rapid heartbeat, often involving the top part of the heart, called the atria.
Question: What is the definition of cardiac rehabilitation?
Answer: Cardiac Rehabilitation: A structured program of education and activity guided toward lifestyle modification, increasing functional capabilities and peer support.
Question: What is the definition of mortality rate?
Answer: Mortality Rate: The percentage of deaths associated with a disease or medical treatment.
Question: What is the definition of hydrogenation?
Answer: Hydrogenation: A process used to harden unsaturated liquid vegetable oils into saturated fats.
Question: What is the definition of leaflets?
Answer: Leaflets: Thin pieces of tissue or flaps that make up a valve.
Question: What is the definition of exercise stress test?
Answer: Exercise Stress Test: A test used to provide information about how the heart responds to stress. It usually involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty, while the electrocardiogram, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored.
Question: What is the definition of hyperlipidemia?
Answer: Hyperlipidemia: High levels of fat in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
Question: What is the definition of occlusion?
Answer: Occlusion: Blockage.
Question: What is the definition of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?
Answer: Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome ( WPW): WPW is an abnormal conduction pathway that can sometimes cause an arrhythmia. People with WPW have more than one electrical conduction pathway in their heart (accessory pathways). These electrical impulses set up a short circuit causing the heart to beat rapidly and conduct impulses in both directions.
Question: What is the definition of silent ischemia?
Answer: Silent Ischemia: Inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart that does not cause symptoms such as chest pain.
Question: What is the definition of subvalvular aortic stenosis?
Answer: Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: A narrowing of the flow of blood below the aortic valve in the left ventricle. It is usually caused by a membrane or thickening in the muscle in this area.
Question: What is the definition of Sestamibi exercise stress test?
Answer: Sestamibi Exercise Stress Test ( Sestamibi stress test, stress perfusion scan, stress Sestamibi): A diagnostic study, which uses a small amount of radioactive tracer, injected into the body, and a special camera, which detects the radiation, released by the substance to produce a computer image of the heart. Combined with exercise, the study can help determine if there is adequate blood flow to the heart at rest, as compared with activity.
Question: What is ventricular septal defect?
Answer: Ventricular Septal Defect: The right and left ventricles lie next to each other in the heart. The septum is the membranous wall that separates them. A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the septum.
Question: What is the definition of syncope?
Answer: Stroke: A sudden loss of brain function due to decreased blood flow to an area of the brain.
Question: What is the definition of transesophageal echocardiogram?
Answer: Transesophageal Echocardiogram ( TEE): An invasive imaging procedure that creates a picture of the heart's movement, valves, and chambers using high frequency sound waves that come from a small transducer passed down your throat. TEE provides clear images of the heart's movement because the transducer is close to the heart and limits interference from air in the lungs.
Question: What is the definition of tachycardia?
Answer: A heart rate above 100 beats per minute.
Question: What is the definition of thrombus?
Answer: Thrombus: A blood clot.
Question: What is the definition of sodium?
Answer: Sodium (salt): A mineral found in most of the foods we eat. The largest source of dietary sodium comes from sodium chloride or table salt. Intake of sodium tends to increase the retention of water.
Question: What is the definition of risk factor (for heart disease)?
Answer: Risk Factor (for heart disease): Traits people have that are linked to the development and progression of coronary artery disease. There are modifiable risk factors -- related to lifestyle and may be changed or controlled -- and non-modifiable risk factors -- related to aging and genetics and cannot be changed.
Question: What is aortic valve repair?
Answer: Aortic Valve Repair: The aortic valve is the last valve in the heart through which the blood travels prior to circulating in the body. When this valve is leaking or too tight, a surgeon may be able to repair the valve rather than replace it.
Question: What is the definition of angioplasty?
Answer: Angioplasty: An invasive procedure, during which a specially designed balloon catheter with a small balloon tip is guided to the point of narrowing in the artery. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the fatty matter into the artery wall and stretch the artery open to increase blood flow to the heart.
Question: What is the definition of balloon angioplasty?
Answer: Balloon Angioplasty ( Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty or PTCA): A procedure used to clean out clogged heart arteries. A specially designed balloon catheter with a small balloon tip is guided to the point of narrowing in the artery. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the fatty matter into the artery wall and stretch the artery open to increase blood flow to the heart.
Question: What is the definition of hibernating myocardium?
Answer: Hibernating Myocardium: Hibernating myocardium is heart muscle that does not pump normally due to decreased blood flow, usually from a coronary artery blockage or heart attack. If normal blood flow is restored (for example, by angioplasty of a coronary blockage), then the myocardium may be able to return to normal function.
Question: What is the definition of diuretic?
Answer: Diuretic: A drug that enables the kidneys to rid the body of excess fluid. It may also be referred to as a "water pill."
Question: What is the definition of intravascular?
Answer: Intravascular: Inside a blood vessel.
Question: What is the definition of diabetes?
Answer: Diabetes: A condition in which the body does not produce or respond to insulin (a hormone produced by your body, which allows blood sugar or glucose into your body's cells for energy).
Question: What is the definition of coronary artery disease?
Answer: Coronary Artery Disease (atherosclerosis): A build-up of fatty material, also called plaques, in the wall of the coronary artery that causes narrowing of the artery.
Question: What is arterial grafting?
Answer: Arterial Grafting: In patients who require coronary artery bypass graft surgery, arteries from other parts of the body can be used to provide the bypass grafts. This is known as arterial grafting. The alternative is to use vein grafts for coronary bypass surgery.
Question: What is the definition of IHSS?
Answer: IHSS: Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis is another term used synonymously with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ( HOCM). It is an inherited disease of the heart that causes thickening of the heart muscle and other changes to the heart that significantly impair its function. Although the disease is rare, IHSS is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young people. The term that is most frequently used now is HOCM.
Question: What is the definition of prophylaxis?
Answer: Prophylaxis: The prevention of disease.
Question: What is the definition of arrhythmia?
Answer: Arrhythmia: An irregular heartbeat.
Question: What is the definition of off pump heart surgery?
Answer: Off Pump Heart Surgery: Heart surgery done without the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
Question: What is the definition of coronary spasm?
Answer: Coronary Spasm: Repeated contractions and dilations of the coronary arteries, causing a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. It may occur at rest and can even occur in people without significant coronary artery disease.
Question: What is the definition of myomectomy?
Answer: Myomectomy: A surgical procedure to remove abnormally thickened heart muscle.
Question: What is the definition of obesity?
Answer: Obesity: Excess fat due to eating more calories than used. It is usually defined having a body mass index ( BMI -- see above) of 30 or higher.
Question: What is the definition of edema?
Answer: Edema: Swelling; the accumulation of fluids, usually in the hands, feet, or abdomen.
Question: What is the definition of dobutamine stress echocardiogram?
Answer: Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram ( Dobutamine echo): A procedure that involves infusing a medication (dobutamine) through an intravenous ( IV) line while you are closely monitored. This drug stimulates your heart allowing evaluation of heart and valve function at rest and with exertion, when you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary cycle. An echocardiogram is then performed repeatedly during a stress test to evaluate the pumping chambers of the heart.
Question: What is the definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR?
Answer: Cardiopulmonary Resusitation ( CPR): A technique designed to temporarily circulate oxygenated blood through the body of a person whose heart has stopped. It involves assessing the airway; if necessary breathing for the person; determining if the person is without a pulse; and if necessary, applying pressure to the chest to circulate blood.
Question: What is the definition of maze procedure?
Answer: Maze Procedure: A surgical treatment for chronic atrial fibrillation. The surgeon makes multiple incisions in the atrium to block the path of the atrial fibrillation rhythm, thus allowing the normal heartbeat to occur.
Question: What is a nuclear scan?
Answer: Nuclear Scan: Nuclear imaging is a method of producing images by detecting radiation from different parts of the body after the administration of a radioactive tracer material.
Question: What is the definition of angina?
Answer: Angina (also called angina pectoris): Discomfort or pressure, usually in the chest, caused by a temporarily inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle. Discomfort may also be felt in the neck, jaw, or arms.
Question: What is the definition of catheter?
Answer: Catheter: A slender, hollow, flexible tube.
Question: What is the definition of carbon dioxide?
Answer: Carbon Dioxide: A gas created during metabolism, when the cells use oxygen to burn fat and release energy. The lungs release carbon dioxide when you breathe out.
Question: What is the definition of angiogenesis?
Answer: Angiogenesis: The spontaneous or drug-induced growth of new blood vessels. The growth of these vessels may help to alleviate coronary artery disease by rerouting blood flow around clogged arteries.
Question: What is the definition of atrioventricular node?
Answer: Atrioventricular ( AV) Node: A group of special cells located near the center of the heart that helps to regulate the heart rhythm.
Question: What is the definition of myocardial biopsy (cardiac biopsy)?
Answer: Myocardial Biopsy ( Cardiac biopsy): An invasive procedure to obtain a small piece of heart muscle tissue for analysis.
Question: What is the definition of pulse rate?
Answer: Pulse Rate: The number of heartbeats per minute. The resting pulse rate for an average adult is between 60 and 80 beats per minute.
Question: What is the definition of intravascular ultrasound?
Answer: Intravascular Ultrasound ( IVUS): An invasive procedure, performed along with cardiac catheterization. A miniature sound probe (transducer) on the tip of a catheter is threaded through the coronary arteries and, using high-frequency sound waves, produces detailed images of the interior walls of the arteries.
Question: What is the definition of pericardium?
Answer: Pericardium: The sac that surrounds the heart.
Question: What is the definition of hypotension?
Answer: Hypotension: Low blood pressure.
Question: What is the definition of platelets?
Answer: The plaque builds up and narrows the artery Platelets: Components of blood that aid in clotting.
Question: What is the definition of head upright tilt test?
Answer: Head Upright Tilt Test ( HUT, tilt table test, head-up tilt test): A test used to determine the cause of fainting spells. The test involves being tilted at different angles for a period of time. Heart rhythm, blood pressure, and other measurements are evaluated with changes in position.
Question: What is the definition of carotid artery?
Answer: Carotid Artery: A vessel that supplies the brain with oxygenated blood.
Question: What is the definition of septum?
Answer: Septum: The muscular wall separating the right and left sides of the heart.
Question: What is the definition of pericardiocentesis (pericardial tap)?
Answer: Pericardiocentesis (pericardial tap): An invasive procedure that involves using a needle and catheter to remove fluid from the sac around the heart. The fluid may then be sent to a lab for tests to look for signs of infection or cancer.
Question: What is the definition of metabolic exercise stress test?
Answer: Metabolic Exercise Stress Test (also called metabolic stress test): A test used to measure the performance of the heart and lungs while they are under physical stress. The test involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty, while being closely monitored.
Question: What is the definition of ventricular rupture?
Answer: Ventricular Rupture: An area of the muscular wall of the heart that weakens and ruptures, usually due to a heart attack. If this happens, then blood from within the heart can leak into the pericardium. This is a medical emergency and usually requires urgent surgery.
Question: What is the definition of mitral insufficiency?
Answer: Mitral Insufficiency: A condition where the mitral valve does not fully close during heart contraction, allowing blood from the left ventricle to leak back into the left atrium.
Question: What is the definition of tricuspid valve?
Answer: Tricuspid Valve: The tricuspid valve is the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium during contraction of the ventricle.
Question: What is the definition of hypertension?
Answer: Hypertension: High blood pressure.
Question: What is ablation?
Answer: Biopsy: Removal and analysis of a tissue sample.
Question: What is the definition of homocysteine?
Answer: Homocysteine: An amino acid. High levels of homocysteine are a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Question: What is bundle branch block?
Answer: Bundle Branch Block: Normally, the electrical impulse travels down both the right and left bundle branches at the same speed and the ventricles contract at the same time. If there is a block in one of the branches, it's called a bundle branch block. A bundle branch block causes one ventricle to contract just after the other ventricle, reducing the overall efficiency of contraction.
Question: What is the definition of arteries?
Answer: Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Question: What is the definition of bicuspid-valve?
Answer: Bicuspid Valve: A valve with two leaflets (cusps) instead of three.
Question: What is the definition of biopsy?
Answer: Biopsy: Removal and analysis of a tissue sample.
Question: What is the definition of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?
Answer: Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ( ACE inhibitors): A group of drugs used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. ACE inhibitors block a specific enzyme ( ACE or angiotensin-converting enzyme) that retains salt in the kidney and can cause heart and blood pressure problems. ACE inhibitors have been shown to decrease the risk of dying from a heart attack or heart failure.
Question: What is the definition of antihypertensive?
Answer: Antihypertensive: A drug used to treat high blood pressure.
Question: What is the definition of calcium-channel blocker?
Answer: Calcium- Channel Blocker: A drug that reduces spasm of the blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, and controls angina; it acts by selectively blocking the uptake of calcium by the cells.
Question: What is the definition of blood pressure?
Answer: Blood Pressure: The force exerted in the arteries by blood as it circulates. It is divided into systolic (when the heart contracts) and diastolic (when the heart is filling) pressures.
Question: What is the definition of capillaries?
Answer: Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels connecting arteries to veins. These blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to individual cells throughout the body.
Question: What is the definition of premature ventricular contraction?
Answer: Premature Ventricular Contractions ( PVCs): An irregular heartbeat in which the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) beat before they are supposed to.
Question: What is the definition of patency rate?
Answer: Patency Rate: The likelihood that a vessel will remain open.
Question: What is the definition of atrial myxoma?
Answer: Atrial Myxoma: A myxoma is a benign tumor of the heart. It resides in the atrial chamber and causes symptoms when its growth produces a tumor so large it obstructs blood flow through the heart chambers. Treatment of atrial myxoma is surgical removal of the tumor.
Question: What is the definition of pericarditis?
Answer: Pericarditis: Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium. The pericardium is the sac around the heart.
Question: What is the definition of intracardiac tumor?
Answer: Intracardiac Tumor: An intracardiac tumor can be any tumor of the heart, either malignant or benign. The most common tumor of the heart is a benign atrial myxoma.
Question: What is the definition of atherosclerosis?
Answer: Atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"): The process whereby abnormal deposits of lipids, cholesterol, and plaque build up, leading to coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular problems.
Question: What is the definition of atria?
Answer: Atria: The upper chambers of the heart. ( Atrium refers to one chamber of the heart).
Question: What is the definition of annulus?
Answer: Annulus: A ring of tough fibrous tissue that is attached to and supports the leaflets of the heart valve.
Question: What is the definition of clubbing?
Answer: Clubbing: An abnormality where the ends of the fingers and toes enlarge and the nails curve; often it is related to an inadequate oxygen-rich blood supply, however it can be hereditary and completely normal.
Question: What is the definition of cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol: A fatty substance made by the body and found in some foods.
Question: What is the definition of bradycardia?
Answer: Bradycardia: A slow heart rate.
Question: What is the definition of cardiac catheterization?
Answer: Cardiac Catheterization: A heart procedure used to diagnose heart disease. During the procedure, a catheter (inserted into an artery in your arm or leg) is guided to your heart, contrast dye is injected, and X-rays of the coronary arteries, heart chambers, and valves are taken.