anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Which medications help control the bladder issues associated with  multiple sclerosis?
Answer: If behavior changes don't work, your doctor may prescribe medicines to help with bladder control. You might also take them while you keep up your behavior training. These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine.
Question: How does bladder training affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Some things you can try: Bladder training aims to let you go longer between your trips to the bathroom. You start by setting a schedule for when you'll pee. Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. Eventually, the time between restroom visits lasts for several hours.
Question: How do absorbent products affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Absorbent products such as mini-shields that attach to underwear or plastic-backed diapers. These items help you guard against accidents. Most of them are disposable, but you can also buy absorbent cloths that you can wash and reuse.
Question: What are some bladder control treatments for multiple sclerosis?
Answer: A bladder problem is more than an inconvenience. If you don't get treatment, it can turn into other health issues, including bladder infections, kidney damage, and hygiene problems. It also can keep you from doing the things you'd normally do and make you feel isolated. Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in when and how often you're going to the bathroom. She might recommend that you see a doctor who specializes in bladder problems, called a urologist. She might also talk to you about some things you can do on your own: Diet changes.
Question: What are some bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: There are a few versions that affect people with MS: Urinary urgency means you feel the need to pee often and urgently. The small "tickle" and feeling of pressure that help us know it's time to head to the restroom are intense. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control. Sometimes MS will disrupt the nerve signals that direct the movement of urine in your body so that it comes out when you're not ready. Nocturia means you have to get up a lot during the night to go to the bathroom. Urinary hesitancy is when you have trouble starting to pee.
Question: Which mechanical aids help treat bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine. Urethral insert: A thin, flexible solid tube in the urethra that blocks the flow of leaking urine. External urethral barrier: A self-adhesive patch you can put over the opening where urine comes out.
Question: How does surgery help treat bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Doctors usually recommend an operation only as a last resort when other treatments haven't worked.
Question: How does diet affect bladder control issues with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: One way to start is to change the liquid you put in your body every day. Your doctor may recommend that you: Drink no more than 2 quarts of liquids a day Steer clear of drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and sodas Have no more than one alcoholic drink per day Change your behavior.
Question: How does prompted voiding affect bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Prompted voiding trains a caregiver to remind someone to go to the bathroom. The goal is to have fewer accidents by making the person aware that they need to pee every so often. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
Question: When should I talk to my doctor if I have bladder problems with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: She might also talk to you about some things you can do on your own: Diet changes. Your doctor can tell you how to do them.
Question: How does timed voiding help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. This method doesn't try to teach the person to resist the urge to go. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
Question: How do kegel exercises affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Trouble with bladder control is common for people with MS. Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in when and how often you're going to the bathroom.
Question: How does multiple sclerosis (MS) affect bladder control?
Answer: Trouble with bladder control is common for people with MS. If you don't get treatment, it can turn into other health issues, including bladder infections, kidney damage, and hygiene problems. Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which help with bladder control.
Question: How does timed voiding affect bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. This method doesn't try to teach the person to resist the urge to go. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
Question: What is apple cider vinegar?
Answer: Taking apple cider vinegar at full strength could erode the enamel of the teeth and burn the mouth and throat. Throat injury from an apple cider vinegar tablet has also been reported.
Question: What are vagal maneuvers?
Answer: Early beats in the atria speed up your heart rate.
Question: How can vagal maneuvers slow your heart rate?
Answer: Simply put, they affect the vagus nerve, a long nerve that runs from your brain to your belly. It sends signals to the atrioventricular node, a cluster of cells at the bottom of your heart's upper right chamber that helps control your heartbeat. Think of it as an electrical relay station. It takes signals from the sinoatrial node and slows them down before passing them along to the lower chambers. The result: A slower heart rate.
Question: What are the risks of the Valsalva maneuver?
Answer: Valsalva maneuver. It may also be riskier for children. If you sometimes have episodes of tachycardia, talk with your doctor about all your treatment options. But if your doctor suggests you learn one or more vagal maneuvers to slow your heart down, you may be able to cut short the unsettling feeling that comes with a racing heart.
Question: What is a carotid sinus massage?
Answer: Carotid sinus massage: Only a doctor should perform this one: Lie down and stick out your chin. The doctor will put pressure on your carotid sinus, a bundle of nerves surrounding the carotid artery in your neck just below your jaw. You should only do them if your doctor has explained when and how.
Question: When is surgery needed for UTIs?
Answer: It's not likely that you'll need an operation. But you might if your UTI is due to an anatomical problem. Or you could need an operation if a blockage, such as a kidney stone or enlarged prostate, is the cause.
Question: How are UTIs treated?
Answer: Complicated UTIs happen in people with abnormal urinary tracts or when antibiotics cannot treat the bacteria causing the infection. In this case, you may get tests such as: Blood tests X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound to show your urinary tract Cystoscopy, in which your doctor inserts a long, thin instrument into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of your body) to look inside your bladder Intravenous pyelogram, an X-ray test that uses dye so your doctor can better see your urinary system. You might take antibiotics for a longer time, depending on what caused the infection and how long you've had your UTI, or if you have an infection that won't go away. Men usually have to take antibiotics for weeks if the infection is in their prostate. That's important to do to make sure the infection doesn't cause serious problems. You'll need to take all the pills in your prescription and follow the instructions to take them on time -- even after you start to feel better. If you have bladder pain and pain when you urinate, you may get a bladder anesthetic to curb irritation of the bladder and urethra. Depending on which bladder pain medication you take, it may change the color of your urine to reddish-orange or even blue.
Question: How do doctors diagnose and treat UTIs?
Answer: A urine culture is another test that can find the type of bacteria that caused the infection, which will help your doctor choose an antibiotic to give you. In this case, you may get tests such as: Blood tests X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound to show your urinary tract Cystoscopy, in which your doctor inserts a long, thin instrument into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of your body) to look inside your bladder Intravenous pyelogram, an X-ray test that uses dye so your doctor can better see your urinary system. If you're pregnant and you have a UTI, be sure to see your doctor promptly before it causes problems with your pregnancy.
Question: Can allergies cause pinkeye?
Answer: You also should check with a doctor if these are among the symptoms: Fever Pain Changes in vision Take note of when the eye problems and any other symptoms show up. If you have to consult your doctor, he will want to know this. An allergy may cause you to get pinkeye often. Your doctor can give you tests that may find the trigger. If it's something in the house, you can make changes to help prevent pinkeye in the future.
Question: Which eye drops are used to treat a pinkeye?
Answer: The itching can also be helped with over-the-counter eye drops. Here are some tips: Look for the kind that say âlubricatingâ or âartificial tears.â Avoid eye drops advertised to treat âred eyes.â These drops can mask the true course of the pinkeye. If you have pinkeye that's caused by allergies, try refrigerating the drops.
Question: How do you keep pinkeye from spreading?
Answer: The two most important things for everyone in your household to remember are: Wash your hands, and often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them. Never share towels or pillows with someone who has pinkeye.
Question: Should I wash my clothes more if I have pinkeye?
Answer: You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often. Showering or bathing before bed might help, too. If you know the source of the allergy, always try to avoid it.
Question: When should you see a doctor about pinkeye?
Answer: If there's no sign of relief after you've tried home remedies for a few days, call your pediatrician or your family's eye doctor. You also should check with a doctor if these are among the symptoms: Fever Pain Changes in vision Take note of when the eye problems and any other symptoms show up. If you have to consult your doctor, he will want to know this. An allergy may cause you to get pinkeye often. Your doctor can give you tests that may find the trigger. If it's something in the house, you can make changes to help prevent pinkeye in the future.
Question: How soon can you wear contacts if you have pinkeye?
Answer: The symptoms may last a week or 10 days, maybe longer, but they usually go away without your having to go to the doctor. You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often.
Question: Do I have to go to the doctor for pinkeye?
Answer: If you have pinkeye, or your child has it, you may be tempted to rush to a doctor right away. But that may not be necessary. The symptoms may last a week or 10 days, maybe longer, but they usually go away without your having to go to the doctor.
Question: How do you treat pinkeye at home?
Answer: If you only have pinkeye in one eye, keep the compress away from the other one, or it could get infected. If a warm compress feels better, then use warm water. Don't make it too hot â that could make your pinkeye worse and burn your eyelid skin. Use a compress for a few minutes at a time, several times a day. Make sure no one else uses the cloth. You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them.
Question: What can you do to prevent pinkeye?
Answer: There are some easy steps you can take to ease the symptoms of pinkeye. The two most important things for everyone in your household to remember are: Wash your hands, and often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them. Never share towels or pillows with someone who has pinkeye.
Question: How can your doctor tell if you have sinus headaches?
Answer: Usually your doctor can tell if your sinuses are blocked based on the symptoms you describe and a physical exam, but in some cases, you may need CT or MRI scans.
Question: Are sinus headaches similar to any other types of headaches?
Answer: At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches. Because the treatment you need depends on what kind of headache you have, it's important to figure out if your symptoms are caused by your sinuses. If a sinus blockage, such as an infection, really is the cause, you'll likely have a fever.
Question: What can happen if you take too many medicines for treating headaches?
Answer: If you take decongestant and pain-relieving medicines too often, you might get medication overuse headaches. It's important to touch base with your doctor if you're using any medication for a long time to relieve your headaches. Decongestants also can raise your blood pressure, so if you have high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before you take one.
Question: How do you know if you have sinus headaches?
Answer: You'll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. The pain usually gets stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain. At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches.
Question: What are the symptoms of a sinus headache?
Answer: You'll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. The pain usually gets stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain. At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches.
Question: What are often mistaken for sinus headaches?
Answer: At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches. Because the treatment you need depends on what kind of headache you have, it's important to figure out if your symptoms are caused by your sinuses. If a sinus blockage, such as an infection, really is the cause, you'll likely have a fever.
Question: Is sinus surgery used to treat a sinus headache?
Answer: In rare cases, he may recommend sinus surgery to remove polyps or open up small or constantly swollen sinuses.
Question: Can pain relievers treat a sinus headache?
Answer: You can also take pain relievers, or if they don't help, your doctor can prescribe corticosteroids to ease the inflammation in your sinuses. If an allergic reaction causes your sinus flare-ups, you might need a preventive allergy treatment.
Question: Can I treat a sinus headache at home?
Answer: You can also feel better with simple at-home tricks, such as drinking more fluids, using a humidifier, or saltwater nasal spray.
Question: What can you take to treat sinus headaches?
Answer: You can also take pain relievers, or if they don't help, your doctor can prescribe corticosteroids to ease the inflammation in your sinuses. If an allergic reaction causes your sinus flare-ups, you might need a preventive allergy treatment. You can also feel better with simple at-home tricks, such as drinking more fluids, using a humidifier, or saltwater nasal spray.
Question: How are sinus headaches treated?
Answer: You might take antibiotics, as well as antihistamines or decongestants for a short time. You can also use inhaled nasal decongestants, but only for up to 3 days. Longer use can make your symptoms worse. You usually have to treat the two conditions separately.
Question: What are two categories of dwarfism?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are two main categories of dwarfism -- disproportionate and proportionate. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by an average-size torso and shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs. In proportionate dwarfism, the body parts are in proportion but shortened.
Question: What is spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) and what are its features?
Answer: A less common form of dwarfism, SED affects approximately one in 95,000 babies. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia refers to a group of conditions characterized by a shortened trunk, which may not become apparent until a child is between ages 5 and 10. Other features can include: club feet cleft palate severe osteoarthritis in the hips weak hands and feet barrel-chested appearance Diastrophic dysplasia.
Question: What is diastrophic dysplasia, and what are its features?
Answer: A rare form of dwarfism, diastrophic dysplasia occurs in about one in 100,000 births. People who have it tend to have shortened forearms and calves (this is known as mesomelic shortening). Other signs can include deformed hands and feet limited range of motion cleft palate ears with a cauliflower appearance Skeletal dysplasia is caused by a genetic mutation.
Question: What are the causes of dwarfism?
Answer: Dwarfism can be caused by any of more than 200 conditions. Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic. Skeletal dysplasias are conditions of abnormal bone growth that cause disproportionate dwarfism.
Question: How is dwarfism diagnosed?
Answer: Some forms of dwarfism are evident in utero, at birth or during infancy and can be diagnosed through X-rays and a physical exam. A diagnosis of achondroplasia, diastrophic dysplasia, or spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia can be confirmed through genetic testing. In some cases, prenatal testing is done if there is concern for specific conditions.
Question: What are signs of dwarfism  in children?
Answer: Sometimes dwarfism doesn't become evident until later in a child's life, when dwarfism signs lead parents to seek a diagnosis. Here are signs and symptoms to look for in children that indicate a potential for dwarfism: a larger head late development of certain motor skills, such as sitting up or walking breathing problems curvature of the spine bowed legs joint stiffness and arthritis lower back pain or numbness in the legs crowding of teeth Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or lessen some of the problems associated with dwarfism.
Question: What is the most common form of dwarfism, and what are its features?
Answer: The most common form of dwarfism, achondroplasia occurs in about one out of 26,000 to 40,000 babies and is evident at birth. People with achondroplasia have a relatively long trunk and shortened upper parts of their arms and legs. Other features of achondroplasia include: a large head with a prominent forehead a flattened bridge of the nose protruding jaw crowded and misaligned teeth forward curvature of the lower spine bowed legs flat, short, broad feet "double-jointedness" Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias ( SED).
Question: What is dwarfism?
Answer: Although other groups may extend the criteria for certain forms of dwarfism to 5 feet, the average height of an adult with dwarfism is 4 feet. This is a fatal condition that usually results in miscarriage.
Question: Who's most likely to get osteoporosis?
Answer: Some of these risk factors -- such as age and gender -- are not under your control. Osteoporosis is more likely in older people. Women are more likely than men to get osteoporosis. Family history increases the chances that you, too, will develop it. The condition may not have been diagnosed in your parents. However, if one or both had a noticeable amount of height loss, they may have had fractures in the spine, and that could be the result of osteoporosis. If you have a small, thin frame, you are more likely to get osteoporosis.
Question: How do doctors diagnose osteoporosis?
Answer: To make a diagnosis, a doctor will usually take a full medical history, order a bone density test, and possibly other tests. During an exam, your doctor will: Look at your age, consider whether women have reached menopause, whether you have ever broken a bone as an adult, your own family history, and your habits such as drinking, eating, and exercise. Ask about which medications you take. Some, such as corticosteroids, can weaken the bones if taken long term. Measure you to see if you have lost height. The doctor will inspect your spine. If it abnormally curves forward, that could be a sign that you've already had spinal fractures due to osteoporosis.
Question: What surgical procedures can be done for osteoporosis?
Answer: Two surgical procedures, both minimally invasive, can be done for fracture-related back pain: Kyphoplasty involves inserting a balloon to expand the fractured vertebrae. The space created by the balloon is then filled with bone cement. The balloon is withdrawn. Vertebroplasty involves injection of the cement, but without the use of the balloon.
Question: How is osteoporosis treated?
Answer: These drugs help maintain bone density and can reduce fracture risk. If you start taking a bone-maintenance drug, be sure your doctor knows about all other medicines you are on. Some drugs can affect the bones, and your doctor may want to switch you to another drug or adjust the dose. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) -- either estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progestin -- can prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, research has shown that hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, and stroke in some women.