anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How can a hip labral tear cause hip pain?
Answer: This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint. Along with cushioning your hip joint, your labrum acts like a rubber seal or gasket to help hold the ball at the top of your thighbone securely within your hip socket. Athletes and people who perform repetitive twisting movements are at higher risk of developing this problem.
Question: When should I call a doctor about hip pain?
Answer: Also call if you have hip pain at night or when you are resting. Get medical help right away if: The hip pain came on suddenly. A fall or other injury triggered the hip pain. Your joint looks deformed or is bleeding. You heard a popping noise in the joint when you injured it. The pain is intense. You can't put any weight on your hip. You can't move your leg or hip.
Question: What are the symptoms of hip pain?
Answer: Depending on the condition that's causing your hip pain, you might feel the discomfort in your: Thigh Inside of the hip joint Groin Outside of the hip joint Buttocks Sometimes pain from other areas of the body, such as the back or groin (from a hernia), can radiate to the hip. You might notice that your pain gets worse with activity, especially if it's caused by arthritis. Along with the pain, you might have reduced range of motion. Some people develop a limp from persistent hip pain.
Question: How can arthritis cause hip pain?
Answer: Arthritis leads to inflammation of the hip joint and the breakdown of the cartilage that cushions your hip bones. The pain gradually gets worse. People with arthritis also feel stiffness and have reduced range of motion in the hip. This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint.
Question: How can you get hip pain?
Answer: Whenever you use the hip (for example, by going for a run), a cushion of cartilage helps prevent friction as the hip bone moves in its socket. Despite its durability, the hip joint isn't indestructible. With age and use, the cartilage can wear down or become damaged. Muscles and tendons in the hip can get overused. Bones in the hip can break during a fall or other injury. Any of these conditions can lead to hip pain. Hip labral tear. This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint.
Question: How can muscle or tendon strain cause hip pain?
Answer: Muscles and tendons in the hip can get overused. When bursae get inflamed, they can cause pain.
Question: Can medications prevent ocular migraines?
Answer: These often include: Stress Smoking High blood pressure Hormonal birth control pills Exercise Bending over High altitude Dehydration Low blood sugar Excessive heat Although dietary triggers - such as caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners -- can cause other types of migraines; they seem less likely to trigger ocular migraines. Medications can also prevent ocular migraines. Calcium-channel blockers, such as Cardene and Calan, are the most commonly used drugs. They work by opening up the blood vessels. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin are also sometimes used. Less often, your doctor may prescribe drugs used to prevent blood clotting, depression and epilepsy.
Question: Are devices options for treating ocular migraines?
Answer: A device is also an option. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device used for preventing migraines. It gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead and stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll likely feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TM may be another option. You hold this device at the back of your head at the first sign of a headache, and it gives off a magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
Question: What does Z score mean in bone mineral density test?
Answer: Here's what the T score means: â -1 and above: Your bone density is normal â -1 to -2.5: Your bone density is low, and it may lead to osteoporosis â -2.5 and above: You have osteoporosis Z score: This allows you to compare how much bone mass you have compared with other people of your age, gender, and size. A Z score below -2.0 means that you have less bone mass than someone your age and that it could be caused by something other than aging.
Question: Who should get a bone mineral density test?
Answer: She may recommend it if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteoporosis You're a man 50 or older with other risk factors You break a bone after 50 You've lost more than 1.5 inches of your adult height Your posture has gotten more hunched You're having back pain without any cause Your periods have stopped or are irregular although you're neither pregnant nor menopausal You've gotten an organ transplant You've had a drop in hormone levels Some types of prescription drugs can cause bone loss.
Question: How can you prepare for bone mineral density test?
Answer: She may recommend it if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteoporosis You're a man 50 or older with other risk factors You break a bone after 50 You've lost more than 1.5 inches of your adult height Your posture has gotten more hunched You're having back pain without any cause Your periods have stopped or are irregular although you're neither pregnant nor menopausal You've gotten an organ transplant You've had a drop in hormone levels Some types of prescription drugs can cause bone loss. Don't take calcium supplements for 24 hours before the exam. The contrast dye could interfere with your bone density test. Avoid wearing clothes with metal zippers, belts, or buttons.
Question: What type of bone mineral density test is central dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)?
Answer: They are: Central DXA: This test looks at your spine and hip bones. It tends to be more accurate. They are also used for larger people who cannot get the central DXA because of weight limits.
Question: How does the bone mineral density test work?
Answer: The X-rays measure how much calcium and minerals are in a part of your bone. The more minerals you have, the better. That means your bones are stronger, denser, and less likely to break. The lower your mineral content, the greater your chance of breaking a bone in a fall. Based on how much the X-rays change after passing through your bones, it comes up with an image of your skeleton. Here's what the T score means: â -1 and above: Your bone density is normal â -1 to -2.5: Your bone density is low, and it may lead to osteoporosis â -2.5 and above: You have osteoporosis Z score: This allows you to compare how much bone mass you have compared with other people of your age, gender, and size.
Question: What are bedsores?
Answer: Bedsores: Bedsores (also known as pressure ulcers) are skin ulcers that develop from pressure when people lie in bed or sit in a chair for long periods of time. Bedsores are a fairly common problem in people who have trouble moving on their own. People with diabetes are more prone to bedsores because of their poor circulation and decreased feeling in their skin. Frequent rotation or re-positioning helps to prevent bedsores.
Question: What are the risk factors for heel spurs?
Answer: Risk factors for heel spurs include: Walking gait abnormalities,which place excessive stress on the heel bone, ligaments, and nerves near the heel Running or jogging, especially on hard surfaces Poorly fitted or badly worn shoes, especially those lacking appropriate arch support Excess weight and obesity Other risk factors associated with plantar fasciitis include: Increasing age, which decreases plantar fascia flexibility and thins the heel's protective fat pad Diabetes Spending most of the day on one's feet Frequent short bursts of physical activity Having either flat feet or high arches Heel spurs often cause no symptoms.
Question: What are heel spurs?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A heel spur is a calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone. On an X-ray, a heel spur can extend forward by as much as a half-inch. Without visible X-ray evidence, the condition is sometimes known as "heel spur syndrome."
Question: What does the treatment for heel spurs include?
Answer: Treatments for heel spurs and associated conditions include exercise, custom-made orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and cortisone injections. If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary.
Question: What causes heel spurs?
Answer: Heel spurs occur when calcium deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone, a process that usually occurs over a period of many months. Heel spurs are often caused by strains on foot muscles and ligaments, stretching of the plantar fascia, and repeated tearing of the membrane that covers the heel bone. Heel spurs are especially common among athletes whose activities include large amounts of running and jumping.
Question: What surgical techniques are used to treat heel spurs?
Answer: Surgical techniques include: Release of the plantar fascia Removal of a spur Pre-surgical tests or exams are required to identify optimal candidates, and it's important to observe post-surgical recommendations concerning rest, ice, compression, elevation of the foot, and when to place weight on the operated foot.
Question: How can you prevent heel spurs?
Answer: You can prevent heel spurs by wearing well-fitting shoes with shock-absorbent soles, rigid shanks, and supportive heel counters; choosing appropriate shoes for each physical activity; warming up and doing stretching exercises before each activity; and pacing yourself during the activities. Avoid wearing shoes with excessive wear on the heels and soles. If you are overweight, losing weight may also help prevent heel spurs.
Question: What over-the-counter medications can you take for heel spurs?
Answer: He or she may recommend conservative treatments such as: Stretching exercises Shoe recommendations Taping or strapping to rest stressed muscles and tendons Shoe inserts or orthotic devices Physical therapy Night splints Heel pain may respond to treatment with over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil), or naproxen ( Aleve). In many cases, a functional orthotic device can correct the causes of heel and arch pain such as biomechanical imbalances. In some cases, injection with a corticosteroid may be done to relieve inflammation in the area.
Question: What are the symptoms of heel spurs?
Answer: Although heel spurs are often painless, they can cause heel pain. But heel spurs can be associated with intermittent or chronic pain -- especially while walking, jogging, or running -- if inflammation develops at the point of the spur formation. In general, the cause of the pain is not the heel spur itself but the soft-tissue injury associated with it. Many people describe the pain of heel spurs and plantar fasciitis as a knife or pin sticking into the bottom of their feet when they first stand up in the morning -- a pain that later turns into a dull ache. They often complain that the sharp pain returns after they stand up after sitting for a prolonged period of time.
Question: How can you deal with freezing due to Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Have someone place their foot in front of you, or visualize something you need to step over, to get moving again.
Question: What aids can help with Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Purchase a small battery-powered alarm pillbox to help you remember your medication schedule. Use a speaker phone or telephone headset to ease the problem of hand tremors while talking on the phone. Install an intercom system or purchase walkie-talkies to make contact within the home easier.
Question: How can periods of rest help manage Parkinson's disease?
Answer: You may need to plan at least one rest period every day. If you have swelling in your feet or ankles, elevate your legs when you are resting or sitting for prolonged periods. Avoid working long days. Rest between recreation and leisure activities.
Question: How can conserving energy help manage Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Using less energy with daily tasks can help you have more energy to do more activities during the day. You may need to cut down on some of your activities or use energy-saving devices or techniques. If daily self care or home care activities are too tiring, discuss this with your doctor.
Question: How can you prevent drooling from Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Suck on hard candy, lozenges, or gum to control excess saliva. Use a straw when drinking to strengthen the muscles of the lips, mouth, and throat.
Question: What are some bathing tips if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Use a shower chair if necessary. Use a hand-held hose for showering and bathing. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. Use soap-on-a-rope, bath mitts, or sponges with soap inside or a soft soap applicator instead of bar soap. Use lukewarm water, as very hot water can cause fatigue. Sew straps on towels to make them easier to hold while drying. Place a non-skid rug on the floor outside the tub to dry your feet so you don't slip. Put a towel on the back of your chair and rub your back against it to dry.
Question: What are tips for standing up if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Bend slowly at the waist and touch your toes before trying to rise from a seated position. Once standing, remain in place for a few seconds before trying to walk. This will help you regain your balance. Place an additional cushion or book to add height to your chairs and add firmness, this will help you to decrease the distance when sitting or standing. To make it easier to get out of bed, tie a sheet to the bed post and knot the other end so you can grasp the sheet to rise to a sitting position.
Question: What are shopping tips for Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Call ahead to make sure the store has the item you need. Call ahead to reserve a wheelchair or tri-wheel cart if you aren't planning to bring your own.
Question: What are some grooming tips if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Do all of your grooming (shaving, drying your hair, etc.) Use toothbrushes with built-up handles or use an electric toothbrush.
Question: What are cleaning tips for Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Also choose clothing that opens in the front, not the back so you don't have to reach behind you. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. In the bathroom, use an elevated toilet seat and/or safety rails to assist standing from a low surface.
Question: What are tips for getting dressed if you have Parkinson's disease?
Answer: Roll from side to side to get pants over your hips. Wear clothes that are loose fitting and have elastic waistbands. Choose wrap-around clothing instead of the pullover type. Wear clothing with large, flat buttons, zippers, or Velcro closures. Use a button hook to button clothing. Use a dressing stick if you have shoulder weakness to get your coat or shirt on or off. Use a zipper pull or attach a leather loop on the end of the zipper to zip pants or jackets. Wear slip-on shoes or buy elastic shoelaces that allow you to slip your shoes on and off without untying the laces.
Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease bathe themselves?
Answer: Use a hand-held showerhead, rubber bath mat, grab bars, and a shower stool to prevent falls. If he has trouble getting in and out of the tub, try sponge baths. To help relax him during bathing, play calming music and tell him what you are doing each step of the way. Give him as much privacy as you can. Put a towel over his shoulders and lap. Clean under the towel with a washcloth or sponge. If she tends to get anxious and hitting is a problem, give her a washcloth to hold.
Question: How should I help a patient with Alzheimer's disease with activities.
Answer: Stay active. Take a walk together every day to keep muscles strong, boost mood, and help with sleep. If he can't get around well, he may be able to use a stationary bike or resistance bands. Playing word games, doing puzzles, talking about current events, or gardening can fuel thinking and memory. Listening to music (and playing "name that tune") can also bring back fond thoughts. Be sensitive -- if you sense he feels frustrated or upset by an activity, try something else.
Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease groom themselves?
Answer: Use this checklist to help you help him with daily care: Show him how to brush his teeth step by step, or brush yours at the same time. Try an angled, long-handled, or electric toothbrush if you're brushing for him. If a woman wants to wear makeup, encourage it. Help her with lipstick and powder, if she wants. Skip eye makeup if it seems too hard for her to tackle. To keep shaving safe, use an electric razor instead of one with a blade.
Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease dress themselves?
Answer: Make it easier for him to dress on his own. Lay out his clothes in the order he puts them on, or hand him one piece of clothing at a time. If he wants to wear the same clothes every day, don't fight it. Buy 3 or 4 sets of them. Make sure he has loose clothes that are easy to put on. Shorts and pants with elastic waistbands and slip-on shoes are good. Skip shoelaces, buttons, and buckles.
Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease eat?
Answer: If he wants to wear the same clothes every day, don't fight it. Keep mealtime simple and calm. Turn off the TV and radio. Move unneeded items off the table. If having many foods at once confuses him, serve one thing at a time. Use solid-colored plates on a contrasting place mat so it's easier to tell her food from her plate and her plate from the table. Be patient, and give him plenty of time to eat. As it becomes harder for him to eat on his own, try finger foods like tuna sandwiches, steamed broccoli pieces, or orange segments. If swallowing is hard for him, serve softer foods like applesauce, cottage cheese, and scrambled eggs.
Question: What are BRAF inhibitors as a type of targeted therapy for melanoma?
Answer: Targeted therapies" shrink melanoma cells without harming healthy cells. Some target a gene change called " BRAF" that makes melanomas grow. Your doctor may call these drugs " BRAF inhibitors."
Question: What are side effects of chemotherapy for treating metastatic melanoma?
Answer: Chemo kills all kinds of fast-dividing cells, not just cancer cells. So it can cause side effects such as: Hair loss Appetite loss Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Greater chance of infection Tiredness Mouth sores Bruising or bleeding These problems should stop once you're done with chemo.
Question: What are side effects of targeted therapies for treating metastatic melanoma?
Answer: Side effects include: Thickened skin Headache Fever Fatigue Rash Some people who are treated with these medicines later get another, but less- serious, type of skin cancer. Your doctor will check your skin for signs of cancer during and after your treatment.
Question: How does radiation help in treating metastatic melanoma?
Answer: This uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells left behind after surgery. It also can ease pain from melanoma that has spread to the brain or bones. One type, called radiosurgery, treats melanoma that has spread to the brain. It aims the radiation right at the tumor to avoid damaging healthy brain cells around it.
Question: What are side effects of combination therapy (MEK and BRAF inhibitors) for treating metastatic melanoma?
Answer: Your melanoma is harder to treat when it spreads to other parts of your body. They shrink tumors and help some people live longer. Side effects include: Rash Diarrhea Swelling Some people take both MEK and BRAF inhibitors.
Question: What are the side effects of adalimumab (Humira) and adalimumab-atto (Amjevita) for Crohn's disease?
Answer: Redness, swelling, itching, pain, rash, or bruising of the skin where you got the shot Upper respiratory or sinus infections Headache Nausea What are some other potential side effects? All biologics can have side effects, including infections like tuberculosis and sepsis. These drugs don't cause tuberculosis, but they may trigger it in people already exposed to it. A few people have gotten cancers like lymphoma.
Question: How is natalizumab (Tysabri) used to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: Your doctor may recommend this drug if you have moderate to severe Crohn's disease with signs of inflammation. If you take it, you can't use other biologics or drugs that block your immune system. How it's given: Your doctor will give it to you through an IV.
Question: How is certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) used to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: This drug also eases symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease and helps to keep them from returning. How it's given: A shot under your skin What are the most common side effects?
Question: What are the side effects of certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) for Crohn's disease?
Answer: Rash Swelling Joint pain Upper respiratory tract infection Urinary tract infection What are other potential side effects? You may be more likely to get tuberculosis and sepsis. Your odds of getting other infections may be higher than most. Tell your doctor right away if you have an infection, or if you have a cough, fever, fatigue, or the flu. In rare cases, people get cancers like lymphoma. What are the most common side effects?
Question: How are infliximab (Remicade), infliximab-abda (Renflexis), and Infliximab-dyyb (Inflectra) used to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: These drugs may ease symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. They may also help keep them from coming back. These are abnormal connections between parts of your intestines, or from the intestines to your organs or skin. They often become infected and drain pus, mucus, or stool. How they're given: Your doctor will give them to you through an IV.
Question: How are adalimumab (Humira) and adalimumab-atto (Amjevita) used to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: These drugs may ease symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. They may also help keep them from coming back. How it's given: A shot under your skin What are the most common side effects?
Question: What are the side effects of natalizumab (Tysabri) for Crohn's disease?
Answer: Upper respiratory infections Urinary tract infections Headache Depression Fatigue Diarrhea Stomach pain Rash What are other potential side effects? This drug raises your odds of a rare but sometimes fatal brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML). It can also cause allergic reactions and liver damage. What are the most common side effects?
Question: How are biologics used to treat Crohn's disease?
Answer: They target specific proteins in your body that cause inflammation. Your doctor may recommend this drug if you have moderate to severe Crohn's disease with signs of inflammation. If you take it, you can't use other biologics or drugs that block your immune system. Tell your doctor about all prescription and over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or natural remedies you take.