anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Can you get surgery for spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?
Answer: One way to do this is to rank your risk of serious health problems using a scoring formula. Cladribine may cause bleeding or raise your risk of infections. Some people may get an enlarged liver after spleen removal or make too many platelets, which could cause blood clots. The drug anagrelide ( Agrylin) helps lower platelets after spleen surgery. Side effects include headaches or rapid heartbeat.
Question: How can your habits and lifestyle affect your risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Alcohol: For some people, binge drinking is a trigger. But for others, even a modest amount can trigger AFib. Stimulants: Caffeine, cigarettes, and other things that rev up your system can set off AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it. Stress and worry: When you're under a lot of pressure or feeling worn out, it could trigger an episode or make your symptoms worse.
Question: Who may be at a greater risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Medication: Research suggests that people who take high doses of steroids -- perhaps for asthma or other conditions -- may be more likely to get AFib. If your chances are higher anyway, this treatment can trigger an episode.
Question: How does atrial fibrillation (AFib) happen?
Answer: Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) is the most common problem with your heartbeat's rate or rhythm. The basic cause of AFib is disorganized signals that make your heart's two upper chambers (the atria) squeeze very fast and out of sync. They contract so quickly that the heart walls quiver, or fibrillate.
Question: Who is more likely to get atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Things that most often lead to AFib Include: Age Genes Heart disease Sick sinus syndrome Heart attack High blood pressure Lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or emphysema, or a blood clot in your lung (pulmonary embolism) An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome Sleep apnea Infections caused by a virus Age: Your odds go up as you get older, especially after age 60. In part, that's because you're more likely to get heart disease and other conditions that can cause AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it.
Question: What are some ways to lower your chance of getting a yeast infection?
Answer: You're more likely to get one when you: Are pregnant Have diabetes Have a weakened immune system Take antibiotics Use birth control with high doses of the hormone estrogen Use douches or vaginal sprays It may not be possible for all women to prevent yeast infections, but here's what you can do to lower your odds. It doesn't hold onto heat or moisture. It will help keep you dry. They can boost your body temperature and increase the amount of moisture around your private parts. That raises your chances for a yeast infection. Don't douche. â Feminine hygiene productsâ like douches can disrupt the balance of bacteria in your vagina by removing some of the good bacteria that's supposed to be there to fight off infections. Skip the scent in feminine products. You don't need them for conditions like a cold, because they don't do anything against a virus.
Question: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in children?
Answer: The most common form shows up around puberty. Children lose body fat from their arms, legs, and trunk while they gain fat in their face, chin, and neck. They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. They could have insulin resistance and an enlarged liver, too.
Question: How can I help my child manage their inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Because this condition affects how someone looks, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and giving her a meaningful, rewarding life. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying or offending or embarrassing you. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. Help her practice how she can respond with role-play and humor. Think about getting professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease.
Question: If my child has congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), how can a doctor help with reshaping his facial features?
Answer: As your child with CGL gets older, he may be able to get plastic surgery for his face with skin grafts from his thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features.
Question: What tests are used during the diagnosis of inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: After talking to you and doing a full exam, the doctor may want to do some tests to learn more about what type of lipodystrophy your child has. Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid Checking your child's blood for leptin won't diagnose lipodystrophy, but it can help your doctor decide how to treat it. Urine tests check for kidney problems. X-rays use radiation in low doses to make images of structures inside his body. These can show bone problems that some people with lipodystrophy have. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Genetic testing may find the specific problem genes to pinpoint what type of lipodystrophy he has.
Question: I have fat deposits caused by familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), how can I treat this?
Answer: People with FPL who have extra fat deposits can have liposuction to get rid of some areas, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for his appearance makes sense and when.
Question: What are my treatment options for congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL)?
Answer: People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too.
Question: I have familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), will I pass this onto my children?
Answer: Someone with FPL has a 50/50 chance of passing the faulty gene to their child.
Question: What can I expect with inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: How long and how well someone with inherited lipodystrophy lives depends on how well they can manage the complications. Heart, blood vessel, liver, and kidney problems are common, and sometimes they're life-threatening. Diabetes is often hard to control. Some people have bone, immune system, or hormone-related troubles.
Question: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in adults?
Answer: Adults with CGL have large hands and feet and a strong, square jawbone because their hormone balance is off and they keep growing. They could have larger than usual sex organs (clitoris, or penis and testicles). A woman might have irregular periods or no periods. She could have polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). She'll probably have extra hair on her upper lip and chin.
Question: How can I manage my familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL)?
Answer: Exercise, especially if you have FPL, will help you stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up where it shouldn't.
Question: How can I prevent serious complications of inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.
Question: What other problems can inherited lipodystrophy cause?
Answer: This condition causes other problems, too, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and fatty liver disease.
Question: What causes inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy. That's why there are different subtypes. Sometimes, just one bad gene from one parent can cause it; sometimes, you must get a gene from each parent. It's also possible to have a bad gene but not get the disease.
Question: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in babies?
Answer: Babies look very muscular because they have almost no body fat. Most have a large belly button or a hernia, or bulging, around it. They grow fast and are very hungry. Their skin may be dark, thick, and velvety in places, especially at the neck, armpits, and where their legs meet the trunk of their body. Infants usually develop an enlarged liver. Young kids have problems controlling their blood sugar and triglyceride levels. Some children will have trouble thinking and learning.
Question: What questions will my doctor ask me once I'm diagnosed with inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how your child looks only in certain areas, or all over? Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Has he had bad belly aches or oily poop? What other health problems does he have? Are his parents related by blood? Does anyone else in the family have problems with body fat?
Question: If my child has inherited lipodystrophy, what medications should they take?
Answer: If your child has diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar.
Question: Is family history important when diagnosis inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Since lipodystrophy is passed on by genes, your family history is very important.
Question: Is inherited lipodystrophy related to other illnesses?
Answer: Inherited lipodystrophy is actually a group of related illnesses. The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy.
Question: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in women?
Answer: It's easier to recognize FPL in women, since men tend to look muscular even without the disease. About one-quarter of women get more body hair. They can also have problems with their periods and may get PCOS. These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed?
Question: Is support available to help me cope with my inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: The condition can also make fat build up in places it shouldn't, like the blood, heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.
Question: What chemical am I lacking if I have inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Leptin tells your body you've eaten enough and to make insulin. How many people with this disease have you treated?
Question: What medication can help lighten dark skin patches caused by inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope.
Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Do we need any more tests? How many people with this disease have you treated? What's the best way for us to manage this condition? What other symptoms should I watch for? How often should we see you? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research study? Is it important to let other family members know he has this disease? Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype.
Question: What is inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: It comes from the genes you got from one or both of your parents. It makes you lose the fat under your skin, so it can change the way you look. You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on the body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat What subtype of lipodystrophy is this?
Question: How can I treat my inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: A healthy lifestyle plays a big role. Everyone with lipodystrophy should eat a low-fat diet. People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases.
Question: Should I take birth control pills or hormone replacements if I have inherited lipodystrophy?
Answer: Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Women shouldn't use birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy for menopause because they can make levels of fats worse.
Question: Can inherited lipodystrophy be cured?
Answer: You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. How many people with this disease have you treated?
Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have a genetic form of high cholesterol?
Answer: Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough. People with FH usually take a statin and one or two other drugs.
Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if your statin hasn't helped?
Answer: Statins are a mainstay of cholesterol treatment. But they don't work well enough for everyone who takes them. If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment.
Question: What will your doctor consider along with your chances for heart disease when choosing a cholesterol treatment?
Answer: Along with your chances for heart disease, your doctor also will consider: Other medical conditions you have Side effects of the medication How much it costs Other medications you're taking What you feel comfortable with Different drugs work in different ways.
Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you can't take a statin?
Answer: The pills aren't safe for people with liver disease or women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Doctors will rely on other types of drugs to lower cholesterol.
Question: What drugs might your doctor recommend if your LDL cholesterol level is too high?
Answer: If your LDL levels are too high, your doctor might recommend: Statins,including atorvastatin ( Lipitor), fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastatin ( Altoprev, Mevacor), pravastatin ( Pravachol), rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor), simvastatin ( Flolipid, Zocor), or pitavastatin ( Livalo) Resins, also called bile acid sequestrants, like cholestyramine ( Locholest, Prevalite, Questran), colesevelam ( Wel Chol), and colestipol ( Colestid) Nicotinic acid (niacin).
Question: What drugs can lower triglycerides?
Answer: Omega-3 fatty acids.
Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have high triglycerides?
Answer: If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment. The prescription forms of these fats include Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa.
Question: Do cholesterol medicines always work?
Answer: Even if you live a healthy lifestyle and take your pills correctly, you may need extra help getting your levels down to a healthier range. But that doesn't mean you have to live with high cholesterol. Help can come in the form of a second or even a third medication. Work with your doctor to build a better treatment plan. Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough.
Question: Who gets juvenile retinoschisis?
Answer: Causes: The abnormal gene at fault is linked to the X chromosome. That means it behaves differently in women and men: There's a 50% chance that women who carry the gene will pass it on to their daughters, who will become carriers. They also have a 50% chance of passing it to their sons, who will get the disease. Men with the disease always pass it to their daughters, who then become carriers. But they can't pass the gene to their sons.
Question: Who gets Stargardt's disease?
Answer: Causes: Researchers blame a specific gene for the disease. If both parents carry one mutated form of the gene and one normal gene, their children have a 25% chance of getting the disease. Children who inherit only one mutated gene won't get it. But they can pass it on without knowing it.
Question: What is juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
Answer: Juvenile macular degeneration ( JMD) is the term for several inherited and rare diseases that affect children and young adults. They include Stargardt's disease, Best disease, and juvenile retinoschisis. They can cause central vision loss that often starts in childhood or young adulthood.
Question: What is Best disease relative to juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
Answer: It's the second-most common type of JMD. You might also hear it called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. It was discovered in 1905 by Friedrich Best, another German eye doctor. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later.
Question: What are the signs of Best disease?
Answer: Signs: The eye doctor will see a bright yellow fluid-filled sac, or cyst, under your macula. It looks like a sunny-side-up egg. Your vision may be normal or near normal at this stage. Eventually, the sac bursts, and the fluid spreads throughout your macula. The doctor can spot it with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope.
Question: How does Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration affect my vision?
Answer: It doesn't affect peripheral, or side, vision. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places. Color vision goes away in later stages of the disease.
Question: What is Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration?
Answer: It's the most common form of JMD. It's named after German eye doctor Karl Stargardt, who discovered it in 1901. It affects about one in 10,000 children in the U. S. Although the disease starts before age 20, you may not notice vision loss until age 30 to 40.
Question: How is juvenile macular degeneration treated?
Answer: Unfortunately, there's no treatment. Visual aids, adaptive training, and other tools can help young people with vision loss remain active. Researchers continue to look for ways to prevent and treat JMD. Genetic counseling can teach parents about these eye problems and sort out the risks for their children. Counseling also helps families understand how their loved one's vision is affected.
Question: What causes juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
Answer: Causes: Researchers blame a specific gene for the disease. If both parents carry one mutated form of the gene and one normal gene, their children have a 25% chance of getting the disease. Children who inherit only one mutated gene won't get it.
Question: What causes Best disease?
Answer: If one parent has Best disease and one doesn't, there's a 50% chance their kids will get it. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
Question: What is juvenile macular degeneration?
Answer: Juvenile macular degeneration ( JMD) is the term for several inherited and rare diseases that affect children and young adults. They include Stargardt's disease, Best disease, and juvenile retinoschisis. They can cause central vision loss that often starts in childhood or young adulthood.
Question: Who gets Best disease?
Answer: If one parent has Best disease and one doesn't, there's a 50% chance their kids will get it. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
Question: How does someone get juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
Answer: These conditions come from gene changes passed down in families. Unfortunately, there's no treatment. Visual aids, adaptive training, and other tools can help young people with vision loss remain active. Researchers continue to look for ways to prevent and treat JMD.
Question: How does Best disease affect vision?
Answer: Symptoms: Show up in stages over a period of years. Early on, there's no change. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Things will look blurry or warped. Your central vision could drop to 20/100 in later stages. But you might not have serious vision loss. Or you could lose vision in one eye, but not the other.
Question: What are the signs of Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration?
Answer: Signs: It's usually diagnosed by yellow-white spots that appear in and around the macula. If they cover the back of the eye, then it is called fundus flavimaculatus. These deposits are an abnormal buildup of a fatty substance produced during normal cell activity.
Question: What causes juvenile retinoschisis?
Answer: Causes: The abnormal gene at fault is linked to the X chromosome. That means it behaves differently in women and men: There's a 50% chance that women who carry the gene will pass it on to their daughters, who will become carriers. They also have a 50% chance of passing it to their sons, who will get the disease. Men with the disease always pass it to their daughters, who then become carriers. But they can't pass the gene to their sons. As with other types of juvenile macular degeneration, there is no treatment.
Question: What is Best disease?
Answer: It's the second-most common type of JMD. You might also hear it called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. It was discovered in 1905 by Friedrich Best, another German eye doctor. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later.
Question: How does juvenile retinoschisis affect vision?
Answer: Symptoms: It causes central vision loss between 20/60 and 20/120. You might find it hard to focus both eyes on one object (strabismus). Or your eye might move on its own (nystagmus). About half of people with the disease lose side vision. By age 60 or older, you might be legally blind.
Question: What is juvenile retinoschisis?
Answer: Also called X-linked retinoschisis, it mostly affects young males. Vision loss happens between ages 10 and 20 and remains stable until around age 50 or 60.
Question: What are the symptoms of Best disease?
Answer: Unfortunately, there's no treatment. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Things will look blurry or warped. Your central vision could drop to 20/100 in later stages. Or you could lose vision in one eye, but not the other.