anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is an alanine aminotransferase test important?
Answer: Smaller amounts of ALT are in your kidneys and other organs, too. Your body uses ALT to break down food into energy. Normally, ALT levels in the blood are low. If your liver is damaged, it will release more ALT into your blood and levels will rise. ( ALT used to be called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, or SGPT). Doctors often give the ALT test along with other liver tests. AST is another liver enzyme.
Question: What other tests will you take in addition to an alanine aminotransferase test?
Answer: The alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) test is a blood test that checks for liver damage. The ALT test can be done as part of a blood panel during a regular exam. AST is another liver enzyme. As with ALT, the levels of AST in your blood rise if your liver is damaged. Comparing ALT with AST levels gives your doctor more information about the health of your liver. The ALT-to- AST ratio can help your doctor figure out how severe the liver damage is and what might have caused it.
Question: What are the symptoms of lipedema?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The typical symptoms are a large lower half and column-like legs, which are often tender and bruise easily. For example, the top half of your body may be a size 8, but the bottom half may be a size 16.
Question: How does lipedema develop?
Answer: As the condition progresses, fat continues to build up, and your lower body grows heavier. The lipedemic fat can later collect in the arms. Over time, fat cells block the vessels of your lymphatic system, which normally helps balance body fluid levels and protect against infection. This blockage prevents the proper drainage of lymph fluid, leading to a buildup of fluid called lymphedema.
Question: What can happen if lipedema is untreated?
Answer: Unlike obesity, it targets legs, thighs and sometimes arms. Unlike lymphedema, lipedema doesn't start in the lower legs (feet and ankles) but the upper legs, and it isn't related to prior surgery. It usually affects both legs.
Question: What causes lipedema?
Answer: The cause is not known, but doctors suspect female hormones play a role. That's because the condition affects mostly women, and it often begins or worsens at puberty, during pregnancy, following gynecologic surgery, and around the time of menopause. Scientists also believe genes are involved, because many women with the condition have family members with the condition.
Question: Can diet and exercise help with lipedema?
Answer: The lipedemic fat can later collect in the arms.
Question: What is lipedema?
Answer: It happens when fat is distributed in an irregular way beneath your skin, usually in the buttocks and legs. Although it begins as a cosmetic concern, it can eventually cause pain and other problems. Lipedema can be mistaken for regular obesity or lymphedema. For example, the top half of your body may be a size 8, but the bottom half may be a size 16.
Question: Can hormone therapy help treat endometriosis pain?
Answer: This type of treatment may be a good choice if pain medicines don't help enough. Doctors can prescribe medicines that cut down on how much estrogen your body makes. There are also hormonal meds that can prevent your menstrual period and make areas affected by endometriosis bleed less. That cuts down on inflammation and makes scars and ovarian cysts less likely.
Question: Can aromatase inhibitors help treat endometriosis pain?
Answer: Aromatase inhibitors block it, which lowers your estrogen level. These medicines aren't routinely used to treat endometriosis. But in some cases, doctors recommend it "off label" in addition to hormonal therapy to manage endometriosis pain, as long as you aren't planning to get pregnant while on this treatment.
Question: What are the side effects of hormone therapy that's used to treat endometriosis pain?
Answer: Others you can buy âover the counter.â Your doctor may recommend that you try more than one kind. If your symptoms are mild, your doctor will likely suggest you take a pain reliever. This type of treatment may be a good choice if pain medicines don't help enough.
Question: How is endometriosis pain treated?
Answer: Although they won't cure the condition, they may help you feel better. Some need a prescription. Others you can buy âover the counter.â Your doctor may recommend that you try more than one kind. So, if you try pain meds that you can buy without a prescription and you don't get enough relief, your doctor will consider whether you need a prescription for a stronger type of medicine.
Question: How does prediabetes increase the chances of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: That means your blood sugar level is above normal but you don't have the disease yet. To keep it that way, get more active and lose any extra weight. Your doctor may recommend you take the prescription drug metformin.
Question: How do lower cholesterol levels increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Your "good" cholesterol level is low. It's too low if it's less than 40 mg/d L (milligrams per deciliter).
Question: How does age increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You're age 45 or older. The chance of getting type 2 diabetes rises with age.
Question: How do triglyceride levels increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: It's too high if it's over 150 mg/d L. 9.
Question: How does ethnicity increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You're Hispanic, African- American, Native American, or Asian American. Diabetes is more common among these groups. Talk with your doctor to get a better sense of your risk. He can help you make a plan that will keep you in good health.
Question: How does gestational diabetes increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You've had diabetes during pregnancy before. That condition (called gestational diabetes) or delivering a baby over 9 pounds can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes.
Question: What makes someone more likely to develop type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You're more likely to get type 2 diabetes if: 1. You have prediabetes. You're not physically active. You've had heart disease. You have high blood pressure. Your "good" cholesterol level is low. You're a woman who has PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). You're age 45 or older. The chance of getting type 2 diabetes rises with age.
Question: How does genetic diabetes increase the chances of getting type 2 diabetes?
Answer: You're more likely to get type 2 diabetes if: 1. But you can take action through everyday lifestyle habits, like exercise and healthy eating, to lower your odds of following in their footsteps. You're a woman who has PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome).
Question: What is immunotherapy?
Answer: Immunotherapy is a treatment option for many people living with advanced lung cancer. It helps your body's immune system better find and destroy cancer cells, even when they try to hide. The breakthrough therapy is helping some people with hard-to-treat cancer feel better and live longer.
Question: How will your doctor determine if your immunotherapy is working to treat cancer?
Answer: Your doctor will review your scans and discuss your symptoms. She'll decide if your treatment is really working and your cancer is stable.
Question: What are other cancer treatments besides immunotherapy?
Answer: Other Treatment Options If immunotherapy doesn't work, you and your doctor will discuss other ways to treat your cancer. These include: Chemotherapy Targeted drug treatments Radiation If these options also fail, your doctor may suggest you to take part in a clinical trial.
Question: Can your cancer look worse on a CT scan when it is really getting better from immunotherapy?
Answer: When the Cancer Looks Worse but Isn't Your doctor will order CT scans of your tumor to keep track of it and make sure your treatment is working. Your cancer might look worse on the first CT scan after your start immunotherapy. But it may really be getting better. Doctors call this âpseudoprogression."
Question: What kinds of immunotherapy side effects should you tell your doctor about?
Answer: Tell your doctor if you have: Cough Pain Trouble breathing Any other symptoms that concern you They may be a sign that your cancer is getting worse, or they may be side effects of treatment.
Question: What happens if immunotherapy and no other treatments work to treat your lung cancer?
Answer: When the Cancer Looks Worse but Isn't Your doctor will order CT scans of your tumor to keep track of it and make sure your treatment is working. Other Treatment Options If immunotherapy doesn't work, you and your doctor will discuss other ways to treat your cancer. These include: Chemotherapy Targeted drug treatments Radiation If these options also fail, your doctor may suggest you to take part in a clinical trial. They provide access to cutting-edge immunotherapy treatments that aren't yet approved for lung cancer.
Question: Can relaxing and exercising help you manage stress?
Answer: Learn and practice relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, or tai-chi. Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better when it is fit.
Question: Can changing your attitude ease your stress?
Answer: Accept that there are events that you cannot control. Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, defensive, or passive.
Question: Can getting enough sleep help manage stress?
Answer: Your body needs time to recover from stressful events.
Question: Should you cut out drugs and alcohol to reduce stress?
Answer: Drugs and alcohol can stress your body even more.
Question: Should you reach out to loved ones and health professionals to help you manage stress?
Answer: Seek out social support. Spend enough time with those you love. Seek treatment with a psychologist or other mental health professional trained in stress management or biofeedback techniques to learn more healthy ways of dealing with the stress in your life.
Question: Can you exercise if you have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?
Answer: Even if you may have pain and trouble moving, stay as active as possible. Exercise can slow HS down and make you feel better. Many people find swimming keeps them fit and also soothes their skin.
Question: Does a support group help if you have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?
Answer: You can share your experience with people who know what you're going through. They may have tips on how to deal with the things you're worried about. Plan how you'd like to explain your condition to an acquaintance or respond to a comment from a stranger. Practice saying it to family or friends until you feel comfortable. It may help to let people know that HS isn't contagious and has nothing to do with bad hygiene. Don't turn to alcohol, drugs, or food for comfort.
Question: Can the medicine I take give me high blood pressure?
Answer: Drugs: Certain drugs, such as amphetamines (stimulants), diet pills, and some pills used for cold and allergy symptoms, tend to raise blood pressure.
Question: What conditions cause secondary hypertension?
Answer: These causes include the following conditions: Chronic kidney disease Sleep apnea Tumors or other diseases of the adrenal gland Coarctation of the aorta -- A narrowing of the aorta that you are born with that can cause high blood pressure in the arms Pregnancy Use of birth control pills Alcohol addiction Thyroid dysfunction In the other 90% of cases, the cause of high blood pressure is not known (primary hypertension).
Question: Can obesity lead to secondary hypertension?
Answer: Medical professionals strongly recommend that all obese people with high blood pressure lose weight until they are within 15% of their healthy body weight. Your health care provider can help you calculate your healthy body weight range.
Question: Can taking birth control pills cause secondary hypertension?
Answer: Birth control pills (oral contraceptive use): Some women who take birth control pills develop high blood pressure.
Question: Can alcohol use lead to secondary hypertension?
Answer: Alcohol use: Drinking more than 1-2 drinks of alcohol per day tends to raise blood pressure in those who are sensitive to alcohol.
Question: Can sodium sensitivity lead to secondary hypertension?
Answer: Sodium (salt) sensitivity: Some people have high sensitivity to sodium (salt), and their blood pressure goes up if they use salt. Reducing sodium intake tends to lower their blood pressure.
Question: What factors that cause secondary hypertension can't be changed?
Answer: Age: The older you get, the greater the likelihood that you will develop high blood pressure, especially systolic, as your arteries get stiffer. They develop high blood pressure at a younger age and develop more severe complications sooner. Family history (heredity): The tendency to have high blood pressure appears to run in families. Gender: Generally men have a greater likelihood of developing high blood pressure than women. This likelihood varies according to age and among various ethnic groups. Americans consume 10-15 times more sodium than they need.
Question: What causes atypical depression?
Answer: Depression is believed to be the result of impaired functioning of brain circuits that regulate mood, and that allow one region of the brain to communicate with another. Nerve cells contained within these circuits transmit signals through brain chemicals called neurotransmitters -- such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Antidepressant medicines are thought to "tweak" these chemicals and thereby improve the efficiency of brain circuits related to mood. While the exact cause of depression is unknown, there are risk factors for depression, including: A family history of depression A significant loss -- from death, divorce, or separation -- that may trigger an underlying vulnerability to depression (rather than simply normal grief) Interpersonal conflicts and related emotions such as guilt Any type of abuse -- physical, sexual, or emotional Any type of major life event such as moving, changing or losing a job, graduating, retiring, or social isolation in people who have a biological vulnerability to depression Any type of serious illness such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, or HIV Drug or alcohol abuse Doctors are likely to recommend psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or medications for atypical depression, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Question: What are symptoms of atypical depression?
Answer: In other words, the person with atypical depression will see his or her mood improve if something positive happens. In melancholic depression, positive changes will seldom bring on a change in mood. In addition, diagnostic criteria call for at least two of the following symptoms to accompany the mood reactivity: Sleeping too much (hypersomnia) Increased appetite or weight gain Having a more intense reaction or increased sensitivity to rejection, resulting in problems with social and work relationships Having a feeling of being weighed down, paralyzed, or "leaden" A doctor will investigate physical causes for any of these symptoms.
Question: How do you treat atypical depression?
Answer: While the exact cause of depression is unknown, there are risk factors for depression, including: A family history of depression A significant loss -- from death, divorce, or separation -- that may trigger an underlying vulnerability to depression (rather than simply normal grief) Interpersonal conflicts and related emotions such as guilt Any type of abuse -- physical, sexual, or emotional Any type of major life event such as moving, changing or losing a job, graduating, retiring, or social isolation in people who have a biological vulnerability to depression Any type of serious illness such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, or HIV Drug or alcohol abuse Doctors are likely to recommend psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or medications for atypical depression, depending on the severity of the symptoms. There are different types of psychotherapy and medications available for treatment. You may be referred to a specialist such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other licensed mental health professional for care.
Question: Can hypothyroidism cause symptoms of atypical depression?
Answer: With hypothyroidism, having low levels of thyroid hormone can lead to symptoms that include depression and weight gain.
Question: Who gets atypical depression?
Answer: While the exact cause of depression is unknown, there are risk factors for depression, including: A family history of depression A significant loss -- from death, divorce, or separation -- that may trigger an underlying vulnerability to depression (rather than simply normal grief) Interpersonal conflicts and related emotions such as guilt Any type of abuse -- physical, sexual, or emotional Any type of major life event such as moving, changing or losing a job, graduating, retiring, or social isolation in people who have a biological vulnerability to depression Any type of serious illness such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, or HIV Drug or alcohol abuse Doctors are likely to recommend psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or medications for atypical depression, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Question: What is helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
Answer: These include: Gastritis ( H. pylori) Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) Gastric polyps Chronic gastric ulcer Family history of gastric cancer History of gastric surgery for non-cancerous diseases, such as a peptic ulcer Blood group A Pre-malignant conditions, such as intestinal metaplasia Genetic abnormalities Hereditary factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( Lynch syndrome), and Peutz- Jeghers syndrome Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of the stomach lining is associated with gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach and causes chronic inflammation and ulcers. The risk of developing cancer, in the presence of an infection with this bacteria is low. This bacterium can be found in up to two-thirds of the world's population. In persons infected with this bacterium, the risk of developing gastric cancer is thought to be up to six times that of non-infected persons.
Question: What is stomach cancer?
Answer: The tumor may spread along the stomach wall or may grow directly through the wall and shed cells into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Once beyond the stomach, cancer can spread to other organs. Stomach cancers are classified according to the type of tissue in which they originate. Adenocarcinomas -- the most common -- start in the glandular stomach lining.
Question: What is helicobacter pylori (H. pulori) infection and how is it associated with stomach cancer?
Answer: These include: Gastritis ( H. pylori) Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) Gastric polyps Chronic gastric ulcer Family history of gastric cancer History of gastric surgery for non-cancerous diseases, such as a peptic ulcer Blood group A Pre-malignant conditions, such as intestinal metaplasia Genetic abnormalities Hereditary factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( Lynch syndrome), and Peutz- Jeghers syndrome Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of the stomach lining is associated with gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach and causes chronic inflammation and ulcers. The risk of developing cancer, in the presence of an infection with this bacteria is low. This bacterium can be found in up to two-thirds of the world's population. In persons infected with this bacterium, the risk of developing gastric cancer is thought to be up to six times that of non-infected persons.
Question: What can increase your risk of stomach cancer?
Answer: Various medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of developing stomach cancer. These include: Gastritis ( H. pylori) Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) Gastric polyps Chronic gastric ulcer Family history of gastric cancer History of gastric surgery for non-cancerous diseases, such as a peptic ulcer Blood group A Pre-malignant conditions, such as intestinal metaplasia Genetic abnormalities Hereditary factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( Lynch syndrome), and Peutz- Jeghers syndrome Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of the stomach lining is associated with gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma.
Question: What medical conditions are associated with stomach cancer?
Answer: Various medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of developing stomach cancer. These include: Gastritis ( H. pylori) Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) Gastric polyps Chronic gastric ulcer Family history of gastric cancer History of gastric surgery for non-cancerous diseases, such as a peptic ulcer Blood group A Pre-malignant conditions, such as intestinal metaplasia Genetic abnormalities Hereditary factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( Lynch syndrome), and Peutz- Jeghers syndrome Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of the stomach lining is associated with gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma.
Question: Who is at risk for stomach cancer?
Answer: There is an increased risk of stomach cancer in people who use tobacco or drink alcoholic beverages regularly. People who work in certain industries are also at greater risk. This includes those in the coal mining, metal, and rubber industries. Stomach cancer is most often seen in people in their late 60s through 80s. It is more common in Japan, Korea, parts of Eastern Europe, and Latin America than in the U. S. and Canada. This is thought to be related to the common diet in these countries, which consists of nitrate-containing, salted foods -- especially meat and fish.
Question: How common is stomach cancer?
Answer: Even though it is not among the most common cancers in the U. S., it is still a leading cause of cancer deaths in other parts of the world.
Question: What activities can increase your risk for stomach cancer?
Answer: There is an increased risk of stomach cancer in people who use tobacco or drink alcoholic beverages regularly. People who work in certain industries are also at greater risk. This includes those in the coal mining, metal, and rubber industries.
Question: How are stomach cancers classified?
Answer: Almost all stomach cancers (about 95%) start in the glandular tissue that lines the stomach. Lymphomas develop from lymphocytes, a type of blood cell involved in the immune system. Sarcomas involve the connective tissue (muscle, fat, or blood vessels). Other types include carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic cancers from breast cancer, melanoma, and other primary sites of cancer are also seen in the stomach.
Question: What are some good first solid foods to feed your baby?
Answer: Single-grain cereals, such as rice, are common first foods, but you don't have to start with these. You can try purees of any healthy food, including meats, vegetables or fruits. Should you start out with vegetables so your baby learns to like them? There's no evidence to support this. Babies have a natural preference for sweets and the order you introduce foods doesn't change that.
Question: Can I add solid foods to my baby's bottle?
Answer: It's an important part of your baby's development to learn how to eat from a spoon and to join in family meal time. If your baby has been diagnosed with reflux, your pediatrician may have you add cereal to the bottle.