anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: When should you call your doctor about taking antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: Your UTI symptoms should improve in a few days. Call your doctor if: Your symptoms don't go away Your symptoms get worse Your symptoms come back after you've been treated You have bothersome side effects from your antibiotics
Question: Which antibiotics work best to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: Then the lab will grow the germs in a dish for a couple of days to find out which type of bacteria you have. This is called a culture. It'll tell your doctor what type of germs caused your infection. He'll likely prescribe one of the following antibiotics to treat it before the culture comes back: Amoxicillin/augmentin Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin) Cephalexin ( Keflex) Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) Fosfomycin ( Monurol) Levofloxacin ( Levaquin) Nitrofurantoin ( Macrodantin, Macrobid) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ( Bactrim, Septra) Which medication and dose you get depends on whether your infection is complicated or uncomplicated. Your doctor will let you know.
Question: What should I know about antibiotics that treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: The best way to treat a UTI -- and to relieve symptoms like pain, burning, and an urgent need to pee -- is with antibiotics. These medications kill bacteria that cause the infection. It's important to take them just as your doctor prescribed. Which antibiotic you get and how long you take it depend on two things: what kind of bacteria caused your infection and how severe your UTI is. â Uncomplicatedâ means your urinary tract is normal.
Question: Why should I take the full dose for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Answer: A urinary tract infection ( UTI) starts when bacteria get into your bladder, kidneys, or another part of your urinary tract. Some of these include: Rash Diarrhea Nausea, vomiting Headache Tendon or nerve damage Antibiotics work well against UTIs. You might start to feel better after being on the medicine for just a few days. These germs can become resistant to antibiotics. That means the meds will no longer kill these bugs in the future. So if you get another UTI, the medication you take might not treat it. Take the full course of your medicine to make sure all the bacteria are dead.
Question: When should you seek medical help about gastroenteritis?
Answer: Seek medical help if: Vomiting in an adult or a child age 2 or older lasts more than 1 day or a fever or severe diarrhea (large amounts of loose stool every 1 to 2 hours) lasts more than 2 days. A child under age 2 has vomiting or diarrhea for more than 12 hours or has a fever with vomiting and diarrhea. Vomit or diarrhea turns bloody or tarry. The person has kidney, liver, or heart disease and must restrict fluid intake. The person develops sudden, severe abdominal pain. Dehydration symptoms develop. Symptoms fail to resolve after a week.
Question: What should you do while recovering from gastroenteritis?
Answer: Gradually ease food back into the person's diet. Start with bland, easy-to-digest food such as crackers, bananas, toast, rice, and chicken. Avoid dairy, caffeine, and alcohol until recovery is complete. If medical treatment is necessary, the person may receive fluids intravenously and anti-nausea medications.
Question: How is broken heart syndrome diagnosed?
Answer: People call it âbroken heart syndrome,â and it's real. Imaging tests -- a coronary angiogram, for example -- would show that your organ's lower left chamber is bigger than normal, and that your heart isn't pumping the way it should. Tell your doctor about your loss and your grief, too. This can help him figure out what's going on. You may need medicines to manage your blood pressure and lighten some of the strain on the heart.
Question: What does a sore throat mean?
Answer: The raw, scratchy, burning feeling at the back of your throat is often the first warning sign that you have a cold, or that the flu is on the way. But it can also be the first symptom of more serious conditions, so you should watch how it develops. Call your doctor if your sore throat feels worse or lasts longer than the run-of-the-mill type.
Question: How is carbamazepine used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Carbamazepine ( Tegretol): This antiseizure drug has been used to treat mania since the 1970s. Its possible value for treating bipolar depression, or preventing future highs and lows, is less well-established. Blood tests to monitor liver functioning and white blood cell counts also are periodically necessary.
Question: How are benzodiazepines used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.
Question: How are antidepressants used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Antidepressants Seroquel and Seroquel XR are the only medications FDA-approved specifically for bipolar II depression. Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) are also sometimes used in bipolar II depression, and are thought to be less likely to cause or worsen hypomania than is the case in bipolar I disorder. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. Because bipolar II disorder typically involves recurrent episodes, continuous and ongoing treatment with medicines is often recommended for relapse prevention.
Question: How is bipolar II disorder different from other types of bipolar disorder?
Answer: People with bipolar I disorder experience full mania -- a severe, abnormally elevated mood with erratic behavior. Manic symptoms lead to serious disruptions in life, causing legal or major personal problems. In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. Hypomania in bipolar II is a milder form of mood elevation. However, the depressive episodes of bipolar II disorder are often longer-lasting and may be even more severe than in bipolar I disorder. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
Question: How is lamotrigine (Lamictal) used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Lamotrigine ( Lamictal): This drug is approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of adults with bipolar disorder. It has been found to help delay bouts of mood episodes of depression, mania, hypomania (a milder form of mania), and mixed episodes in people being treated with standard therapy. It is especially helpful in preventing lows.
Question: How are antipsychotics used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Antipsychotics By definition, hypomanic episodes do not involve psychosis and do not interfere with functioning. Antipsychotic drugs, such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), cariprazine ( Vraylar), quetiapine ( Seroquel), asenapine ( Saphris), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) and others, are nevertheless sometimes used in hypomania and some (notably, Seroquel) are used for depression in bipolar II disorder.
Question: Who is at risk for bipolar II disorder?
Answer: A Visual Guide to Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar II disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from some form of bipolar disorder - nearly 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first start. Nearly everyone with bipolar II disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.
Question: How is valproate (Depakote) used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure drug also works to level out moods. It has a more rapid onset of action than lithium, and it can also be used "off label" for prevention of highs and lows.
Question: What are hypomanic episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Symptoms during hypomanic episodes include: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Having exaggerated self confidence Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable) and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep People experiencing hypomanic episodes are often quite pleasant to be around. They can often seem like the "life of the party" -- making jokes, taking an intense interest in other people and activities, and infecting others with their positive mood. What's so bad about that, you might ask? Hypomania can also lead to erratic and unhealthy behavior. Hypomanic episodes can sometimes progress onward to full manias that affect a person's ability to function (bipolar I disorder). In mania, people might spend money they don't have, seek out sex with people they normally wouldn't, and engage in other impulsive or risky behaviors with the potential for dangerous consequences. The vast majority of people with bipolar II disorder experience more time with depressive than hypomanic symptoms. Depressions can occur soon after hypomania subsides, or much later. Some people cycle back and forth between hypomania and depression, while others have long periods of normal mood in between episodes. Untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.
Question: What are depressive episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks, months, or rarely years.
Question: What are some other antiseizure medications for bipolar II disorder?
Answer: They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.
Question: How is lithium used to treat bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is highly effective at controlling mood swings (particularly highs) in bipolar disorder. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for long-term treatment than for acute hypomanic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other laboratory tests (such as kidney and thyroid functioning) must be monitored periodically to avoid side effects.
Question: What is bipolar II disorder?
Answer: Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time. However, in bipolar II disorder, the "up" moods never reach full-blown mania. The less-intense elevated moods in bipolar II disorder are called hypomanic episodes, or hypomania. A person affected by bipolar II disorder has had at least one hypomanic episode in his or her life. Most people with bipolar II disorder suffer more often from episodes of depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of hypomania and depression, many people with bipolar II disorder typically live normal lives. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
Question: Can bipolar II disorder be prevented?
Answer: It's not known if bipolar II disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to reduce the risk for developing future episodes of hypomania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker, in combination with medication, can help efforts to stabilize mood, leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Psychotherapy can help people better recognize the warning signs of a developing relapse before it takes hold, and can also help to ensure that prescribed medicines are being taken properly. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
Question: When should you see a healthcare provider about bleeding under your nail (subungual hematoma)?
Answer: A nearby joint was also injured. More than a quarter of the nail is discolored or there is continuing, intense pain. Signs of infection develop, such as pus, redness, or heat around the nail, or a red streak extends from the wound. If less than a quarter of the nail is discolored and pain is manageable, home treatment may be enough.
Question: Why is it important to tell your doctor how much pain you have from prostate cancer?
Answer: Telling your doctor and nurse when you have pain is important. Not only is pain easier to treat when you first have it, but pain can be an early warning sign of the side effects of the cancer or the cancer treatment. Together - you, your nurse, and your doctor - can talk about how to treat your pain. You have a right to pain relief, and you should insist on it.
Question: How can prostate cancer pain medicines affect you?
Answer: This feeling usually goes away within a few days. Sometimes you become drowsy because, with the relief of the pain, you are able to catch up on the sleep you missed when you were in pain. On occasion, people get dizzy or feel confused when they take pain medicines. Tell your doctor or nurse if this happens to you. Changing your dose or type of medicine can usually solve the problem.
Question: Should you wait to treat cancer pain?
Answer: Pain should be treated early. It is important to take whatever medicine is needed. You do not need to save the stronger medicines for later. If your body gets used to the medicine you are taking, your medicine may not relieve the pain as well as it once did. This is called tolerance. Tolerance may be a problem with cancer pain treatment because of the length of time you are on the medicine. But the amount of medicine can be changed or other medicines can be added.
Question: What resources can help you find medical care for pain from prostate cancer?
Answer: If you are in pain and your doctor suggests no other options, ask to see a pain specialist or have your doctor consult with a pain specialist. The National Cancer Institute's ( NCI) Cancer Information Service ( CIS) and other organizations can give you a list of pain management facilities. The American Cancer Society ( ACS) and other organizations may also be able to provide names of pain specialists, pain clinics, or programs in your area.
Question: How is prostate cancer pain managed?
Answer: For those with pain, there are many different kinds of medicines, different ways to receive the medicine, and non-drug methods that can relieve the pain you may have. You should expect your doctor to seek all the information and resources necessary to make you as comfortable as possible. If you are in pain and your doctor suggests no other options, ask to see a pain specialist or have your doctor consult with a pain specialist. Pain specialists may be oncologists, anesthesiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, other doctors, a palliative care team, nurses, or pharmacists. A pain control team may also include psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers.
Question: How do doctors treat side effects from pain medications if you have prostate cancer?
Answer: Most people do not get "high" or lose control when they take cancer pain medicines as prescribed by a doctor. Your doctor or nurse can help you manage these side effects. These problems may go away after a few days of taking the medicine. Many side effects can be managed by changing the medicine or the dose or times when the medicine is taken. In some cases, additional medication is needed to minimize the side effects.
Question: Why should prostate cancer pain be treated early?
Answer: Do not try to hold off as long as possible between doses of pain medicine. Pain may get worse if you wait, and it may take longer, or require larger doses of your medicine to give you relief. Pain should be treated early. Tolerance may be a problem with cancer pain treatment because of the length of time you are on the medicine.
Question: What should you do if you have pain from prostate cancer?
Answer: You have a right to pain relief, and you should insist on it. Not everyone feels pain in the same way. There is no need to be "stoic" or "brave" if you have more pain than others with the same kind of cancer. In fact, as soon as you have any pain, you should speak up. Remember, it is easier to control pain when it just starts rather than wait until it becomes severe.
Question: How is stuttering treated?
Answer: Experts agree that if your child is over age 3 and has been stuttering for three to six months, you should probably seek a speech evaluation. That's because your stuttering child may have more than a temporary developmental problem. Find a speech therapist who specializes in stuttering. The therapist can help you decide whether or not your child needs intervention. Most children with prolonged stuttering can benefit from speech therapy. In some cases, the problem is completely eliminated; in other cases, it gets much better. Whatever the final outcome, speech therapy should boost your child's confidence as he or she learns to manage stuttering and improve speaking skills.
Question: What steps can you take to help your stuttering child?
Answer: This form of stuttering is usually temporary. Other speech and language deficits. Parents can have an enormous effect on how the stuttering child views his disorder and how comfortable he feels in his ability to express himself and to be heard by those around him. Here are some steps you can take to help your stuttering child: Try to speak slowly and calmly to your stuttering child. Encourage the other adults in your child's life to do the same. Try to maintain a calm, quiet atmosphere at home. Pay attention to what your child is saying, not the way he is saying it. This will require you to slow down and pay attention. Don't show impatience or irritation when your child is talking to you. Try to make time each day for one-on-one time with your child.
Question: What do I need to know about stuttering?
Answer: While most stuttering is outgrown, rarely a stutter can persist into adulthood. Whether or not your child's stutter is temporary or permanent, you should learn all you can so you have the resources you need to help your stuttering child. They may include one or more of the following: Genetics. This form of stuttering is usually temporary. Other speech and language deficits.
Question: What are risk factors for stuttering?
Answer: Stuttering occurs when normal speech is interrupted by the repetition or extension of certain sounds or words. According to the Stuttering Foundation, the following factors put your child at greater risk: Family. Your child is at higher risk if he or she has one or more family members who stutter in adulthood. Children who begin stuttering before they reach age 3 ½ are more likely to outgrow it. Length of time stuttering persists. If your child's stuttering habit lasts longer than 6 months, it is less likely that he or she will outgrow it. Gender. Boys are three to four times as likely as girls to stutter. Other speech and language deficits. If your child has other problems speaking and being understood, it is less likely that he will outgrow his stutter.
Question: What is stuttering?
Answer: While most stuttering is outgrown, rarely a stutter can persist into adulthood. Stuttering occurs when normal speech is interrupted by the repetition or extension of certain sounds or words. Stuttering, also called stammering, can range in frequency and intensity from mild to severe. Stress can sometimes make it worse. Never call attention to your child's stutter or other speech disorder.
Question: What causes stuttering?
Answer: Stuttering occurs when normal speech is interrupted by the repetition or extension of certain sounds or words. Experts don't know for sure what causes stuttering in a child, but most believe that the speech disorder occurs as the result of a variety of factors. Sixty percent of all people who stutter have a close family member who also stutters. Developmental stuttering. Many young children go through a period of stuttering beginning at the age of 18 months to 2 years, as they hone their speech and language skills. Neurological factors. Research has found that people who stutter process language differently than those without the speech disorder. In some cases, there seems to be a problem in the way language is transmitted through the brain. Children who begin stuttering before they reach age 3 ½ are more likely to outgrow it. Never call attention to your child's stutter or other speech disorder.
Question: Are eczema and asthma related?
Answer: Atopy causes a heightened sensitivity to common allergens, especially those that are in food and in the air. Some children with eczema or atopic dermatitis develop asthma. Some findings indicate that children with atopic dermatitis may have more severe and persistent asthma as adults.
Question: Do allergies cause asthma?
Answer: Atopy causes a heightened sensitivity to common allergens, especially those that are in food and in the air. Allergies and asthma often coexist. Indoor allergies are a predictor of who might be at risk for an asthma diagnosis. Changes that have made houses more "energy-efficient" over the years are thought to increase exposure to these causes of asthma. Indoor air pollution such as cigarette smoke, mold, and noxious fumes from household cleaners and paints can cause allergic reactions and asthma.
Question: Is being overweight linked to asthma?
Answer: Some findings indicate that children with atopic dermatitis may have more severe and persistent asthma as adults. Overweight asthmatics seem to have more uncontrolled asthma and more days on medications for asthma.
Question: Is cigarette smoke linked to asthma?
Answer: There's also evidence that cigarette smoking among adolescents increases the risk of asthma. Even more findings link secondhand smoke exposure with the development of asthma in early life. Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to result in lower lung function in infants compared to those whose mothers did not smoke.
Question: Will my child have to take B vitamins while using methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Your child's doctor may recommend she take one of the B vitamins (folic acid) while on methotrexate. Taking folic acid helps prevent some of the side effects, like nausea. It also lowers some of the risks.
Question: What does methotrexate do to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: The goal with methotrexate is to help protect your child's joints from further damage. It does this by blocking certain immune system chemicals, or enzymes. The medicine doesn't cure the disease. But it does help ease, or even stop, the symptoms.
Question: Are there risks of taking methotrexate to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Some to watch out for are: Liver problems Low blood cell counts Lung problems Your child will have regular blood tests to check for problems. The risks and side effects are well known, as well as how to prevent and treat them.
Question: Is methotrexate used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: That means it not only helps arthritis symptoms, but it also helps prevent damage to joints. The risks and side effects are well known, as well as how to prevent and treat them.
Question: When should I get medical attention about febrile seizures in children?
Answer: The child stops breathing or is turning blue. This is the child's first seizure. Seizure lasts more than ten minutes or is accompanied by breathing problems. The child is not awake and alert after seizure.