anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is a space maintainer in relation to dental health?
Answer: space maintainer: dental device that holds the space lost through premature loss of baby teeth.
Question: What is bonding in relation to dental health?
Answer: bonding: a process by which dental materials are mechanically attached to teeth; this would include composite resin, porcelain, and metal.
Question: What is a nerve?
Answer: nerve: tissue that conveys sensation, temperature, and position information to the brain.
Question: What is a fistula in relation to dental health?
Answer: fistula: channel emanating pus from an infection site; a gum boil.
Question: What is radio wave therapy in relation to dental health?
Answer: radio wave therapy: a therapy involving the use of low level electrical stimulation to increase blood flow and provide pain relief. In dentistry, this is one type of therapy that can be applied to the joint of individuals with temporomandibular disorder.
Question: What is porcelain in relation to dental health?
Answer: porcelain: a tooth-colored, glass-like material; much like enamel in appearance.
Question: What is a hard palate in relation to dental health?
Answer: hard palate: the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth.
Question: What is a mandible?
Answer: mandible: the lower jaw.
Question: What is scaling and root planing?
Answer: scaling and root planing: a deep-cleaning, nonsurgical procedure whereby plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line are scraped away (scaling) and rough spots on the tooth root are made smooth (planing).
Question: What is pedodontics or pediatric dentistry?
Answer: pedodontics or pediatric dentistry: dental specialty focusing on treatment of infants, children, and young adults.
Question: What is oral hygiene?
Answer: oral hygiene: process of maintaining cleanliness of the teeth and related structures.
Question: What is an oral pathologist?
Answer: oral pathologist: the oral health care provider who studies the causes of diseases that alter or affect the oral structures (teeth, lips, cheeks, jaws) as well as parts of the face and neck.
Question: What is an oral cavity in relation to dental health?
Answer: oral cavity: the mouth.
Question: What is an endodontist?
Answer: endodontist: a dental specialist concerned with the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the human dental pulp or the nerve of the tooth.
Question: What is an orthodontist?
Answer: orthodontist: the oral health provider who specializes in diagnosis, prevention, interception, and treatment of malocclusions, or "bad bites," of the teeth and surrounding structures. This is the specialist whose responsibility it is to straighten teeth by movement of the teeth through bone by the use of bands, wires, braces, and other fixed or removable corrective appliances or retainers.
Question: What is a rubber dam in relation to dental health?
Answer: rubber dam: soft latex or vinyl sheet used to establish isolation of one or more teeth from contamination by oral fluids and to keep materials from falling to the back of the throat.
Question: What is a biopsy?
Answer: biopsy : removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic examination.
Question: What is cleaning in relation to dental health?
Answer: cleaning: removal of plaque and calculus (tartar) from teeth, generally above the gum line.
Question: What is an impression in relation to dental health?
Answer: impression: mold made of the teeth and soft tissues.
Question: What is an overbite?
Answer: overbite: an excessive protrusion of the upper jaw resulting in a vertical overlap of the front teeth. overjet: an excessive protrusion of the upper jaw resulting in a horizontal overlap of the front teeth.
Question: What are gold fillings?
Answer: gold fillings: an alternative to silver amalgam fillings.
Question: What is a panoramic X-ray in relation to dental health?
Answer: panoramic X-ray: a type of X-ray that shows a complete two dimensional representation of all the teeth in the mouth. This X-ray also shows the relationship of the teeth to the jaws and the jaws to the head.
Question: What is gingivoplasty?
Answer: gingivoplasty: a procedure performed by periodontists to reshape the gum tissue.
Question: What is edentulous?
Answer: edentulous: having no teeth.
Question: What is demineralization in relation to dental health?
Answer: demineralization: loss of mineral from tooth enamel just below the surface in a carious lesion; usually appears as a white area on the tooth surface.
Question: What is dentin?
Answer: dentin: inner layer of tooth structure, immediately under the surface enamel.
Question: What is a filling in relation to dental health?
Answer: filling: restoration of lost tooth structure with metal, porcelain, or resin materials.
Question: What is an impacted tooth?
Answer: impacted tooth: a tooth that is partially or completely blocked from erupting through the surface of the gum. An impacted tooth may push other teeth together or damage the bony structures supporting the adjacent tooth. Often times, impacted teeth must be surgically removed.
Question: What is a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown in relation to dental health?
Answer: porcelain fused to metal ( PFM) crown: restoration with metal coping (for strength) covered by porcelain (for appearance).
Question: What is a general dentist?
Answer: This dentist diagnoses, treats, and manages overall oral health care needs, including gum care, root canals, fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, preventive education, and treating diseases of the mouth.
Question: What are prosthetics in relation to dental health?
Answer: prosthetics: a fixed or removable appliance used to replace missing teeth (for example, bridges, partials, and dentures).
Question: What is prophylaxis?
Answer: Also called baby teeth, the primary dentition, or deciduous teeth, normally fall out one by one between ages 6 and 12. prophylaxis: the cleaning of the teeth for the prevention of periodontal disease and tooth decay.
Question: What is a mouth guard?
Answer: mouth guard: a device that is inserted into the mouth and worn over the teeth to protect them against impact or injury.
Question: What is halitosis?
Answer: halitosis: bad breath of oral or gastrointestinal origin.
Question: What is mercury in relation to dental health?
Answer: mercury: a metal component of amalgam fillings.
Question: What is an appliance in relation to dental health?
Answer: appliance: any removable dental restoration or orthodontic device.
Question: What is thrush in relation to dental health?
Answer: thrush : an infection in the mouth caused by the fungus Candida.
Question: What is calcium in relation to dental health?
Answer: calcium : an element needed for the development of healthy teeth, bones, and nerves.
Question: What is pathology?
Answer: pathology: study of disease.
Question: What is bruxism?
Answer: bruxism : grinding or gnashing of the teeth, most commonly during sleep.
Question: What are braces in relation to dental health?
Answer: braces: devices (bands, wires, ceramic appliances) put in place by orthodontists to gradually reposition teeth to a more favorable alignment.
Question: What is an antiseptic?
Answer: antiseptic: a chemical agent that can be applied to living tissues to destroy germs.
Question: What is bone resorption in relation to dental health?
Answer: bone resorption: decrease in the amount of bone supporting the roots of teeth; a common result of periodontal (gum) disease.
Question: What is stomatitis in relation to dental health?
Answer: stomatitis : an inflammation of the tissue underlying a denture. Ill-fitting dentures, poor dental hygiene, or a buildup of the fungus Candida albicans can cause the condition.
Question: What is recontouring in relation to dental health?
Answer: recontouring: a procedure in which small amounts of tooth enamel are removed to change a tooth's length, shape, or surface. Also called odontoplasty, enameloplasty, stripping, or slenderizing.
Question: What is a night guard in relation to dental health?
Answer: night guard: a removable appliance that fits over the upper or lower teeth used to prevent wear and temporomandibular damage caused by grinding or gnashing of the teeth during sleep.
Question: What is an unerupted tooth?
Answer: unerupted tooth: a tooth that has not pushed through the gum and assumed its correct position in the dental arch.
Question: What is cementum in relation to dental health?
Answer: cementum: hard tissue that covers the roots of teeth.
Question: What is an abutment in relation to dental health?
Answer: abutment: tooth or teeth on either side of a missing tooth that support a fixed bridge or removable partial; also refers to a piece of metal or porcelain that is screwed on to an implant to allow a crown to be glued on.
Question: What is an arch in relation to dental health?
Answer: arch: a description of the alignment of the upper or lower teeth.
Question: What is tooth whitening?
Answer: tooth whitening: a chemical or laser process to lighten the color of teeth.
Question: What is a clasp in relation to dental health?
Answer: clasp: device that holds a removable partial denture to stationary teeth.
Question: What is a dental adjustment?
Answer: adjustment: a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after it has been completed and inserted into the mouth.
Question: What is bite in relation to dental health?
Answer: bite: relationship of the upper and lower teeth upon closure (occlusion).
Question: What is temporomandibular disorder (TMD)/temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in relation to dental health?
Answer: temporomandibular disorder ( TMD)/temporomandibular joint ( TMJ): the term given to a problem that concerns the muscles and joint that connect the lower jaw with the skull. The condition is characterized by facial pain and restricted ability to open or move the jaw. It is often accompanied by a clicking or popping sound when the jaw is opened or closed.
Question: What is tartar in relation to dental health?
Answer: tartar: common term for dental calculus, a hard deposit that adheres to teeth; produces rough surface that attracts plaque.
Question: What is a bicuspid in relation to dental health?
Answer: bicuspid: the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth to the back of the mouth; these are the back teeth that are used for chewing and have only have two points (cusps). Adults have eight bicuspids (also called premolars), two in front of each group of molars.
Question: What are the benefits of progressive lenses?
Answer: With progressive lenses, you won't need to have more than one pair of glasses with you. You don't need to swap between your reading and regular glasses. Vision with progressives can seem natural. If you switch from viewing something up close to something far away, you won't get a "jump" like you would with bifocals or trifocals. So if you're driving, you can look at your dashboard, at the road, or at a sign in the distance with a smooth transition. They look like regular glasses. In one study, people who wore traditional bifocals were given progressive lenses to try. The study's author said most made the switch for good.
Question: What are the drawbacks of progressive lenses?
Answer: It takes time to adjust to progressives. You need to train yourself to look out of the lower part of the lens when you're reading, to look straight ahead for distance, and to look somewhere between the two spots for middle distance or computer work. Some people never adjust, but most do. During the learning period, you may feel dizzy and nauseas from looking through the wrong section of lens. There may also be some distortion of your peripheral vision (what you see on the edges when looking straight ahead). Another thing to consider is the cost.
Question: What are some tips to adjusting to progressive lenses?
Answer: If you decide to try them, use these tips: Choose a quality optical shop that can guide you through the process, help you pick a good frame, and make sure the lenses are perfectly centered over your eyes. Poorly fitted progressives are a common reason why people can't adapt to them. Give yourself one or two weeks to adjust to them. Some people may need as long as a month. Make sure you understand your eye doctor's instructions on how to use them. Wear your new lenses as often as possible and stop wearing your other glasses. It will make the adjustment quicker.
Question: What are progressive lenses?
Answer: Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. That allows you to do close-up work (like reading a book), middle-distance work (like checking out a website on a computer), or distance viewing (like driving) without needing to change your glasses. They're sometimes called multifocal lenses.
Question: Who wears progressive lenses?
Answer: Almost anyone with a vision problem can wear these lenses, but they're only needed for people ages 40 and older whose vision blurs when they're doing close-up work like reading or sewing. This condition is called presbyopia. It's a natural part of getting older. Even people who are nearsighted and over 40 may find that their near vision blurs when they wear glasses for distances. Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you.
Question: What do progressive lenses look like?
Answer: Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. Progressives have a seamless look. Sometimes they're called "no-line bifocals," but that's not quite right. It would be more accurate to call progressive lenses "no-line trifocals." Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you.
Question: When do you need antibiotics for sinusitis?
Answer: If a secondary bacterial infection has developed in your sinuses, you'll need antibiotics. Your health care provider will probably prescribe them for about 10 to 14 days. Just remember that antibiotics will only work in cases of bacterial infection. They will not help with viruses. Also, you need to follow your health care provider's instructions and take all your antibiotic medicine, even if you start feeling better after a few days.
Question: What is the connection between sinusitis and asthma?
Answer: Many studies have shown a connection between sinus infections and asthma. One study showed that, when compared with those who only have asthma, people who have both sinusitis and asthma: Tend to have more severe asthma symptoms May have more severe asthma flares Are more likely to have disturbed sleep The risks of developing sinusitis may not be the same for everyone with asthma.
Question: How are sinusitis and asthma treated?
Answer: Treatment is important in preventing sinusitis from worsening. Again, since the conditions are linked, treating sinusitis may have the added benefit of improving your asthma symptoms. If you have sinusitis and asthma, your health care provider might recommend that you use: Steroid nasal sprays to reduce the swelling; easing the inflammation might allow the sinuses to drain normally. Decongestant or antihistamine medicines Always ask your health care provider before using nasal spray decongestants.
Question: How can you prevent sinusitis?
Answer: There's no sure-fire way of preventing sinusitis. But there are some things you can do to lower your risk: Use regular steroid sprays to prevent sinus inflammation. This is particularly important if you've had recurrent or chronic sinusitis. Avoid allergens and irritants, if you have allergies. Take your asthma medication as recommended. Keeping your asthma symptoms under control can reduce your risks of developing serious sinusitis.
Question: What triggers sinusitis?
Answer: Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. Just like the lining of your nose, the sinuses can become irritated and swollen by allergens, viruses, or bacterial infection. Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus.
Question: What is sinusitis?
Answer: While there are many sinuses in the body, the term is often used to refer to the paranasal sinuses. These are a group of four hollow cavities in your face, near the cheeks and eyes. They're connected to the nasal passageways and help warm up, moisten and filter the air you breathe in. Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses.
Question: Do allergies affect asthma and sinus infections?
Answer: For people with allergies, controlling exposure to allergens is key. Not only will it reduce your asthma symptoms, but it will also reduce your risk of sinus infections. Avoid any allergic triggers and irritants, like cigarette smoke. You can also ask your health care provider if allergy shots might be helpful.
Question: What is postnasal drip?
Answer: Postnasal drip is a lay term that refers to the sensation of nasal mucus that builds up or drains into the back of the throat. Your glands in the nose and throat produce mucus continuously (1 to 2 pints per day), that helps to cleanse the nasal membranes, helps warm the air you breathe, and traps inhaled foreign matter. Mucus also helps to fight infection.
Question: How can mucus lead to sinus pressure?
Answer: Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus. If enough mucus and trapped air builds up, you feel painful pressure in the sinuses. These are the familiar signs of a sinus headache.
Question: When would surgery be needed for sinus problems?
Answer: Physical problems in the nasal passages can lead to chronic sinusitis. These include narrow nasal passages, a deviated septum, or polyps -- small lumps in the nose. Surgically correcting these problems -- or opening up chronically swollen, inflamed sinuses -- can sometimes resolve the problem.
Question: What causes sinus infections?
Answer: But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus. But if the sinuses have been blocked for too long, bacteria can invade, causing a secondary infection. Having multiple sinus infections can lead to chronic (long-term) sinusitis.
Question: What are common symptoms of sinusitis?
Answer: Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus.
Question: Are asthma and sinusitis linked?
Answer: According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, as many as half of all people with moderate to severe asthma also have chronic sinusitis. There are lots of treatments available for both sinus infections and asthma.
Question: Are there treatments for sinus infections and asthma?
Answer: For lots of people, sinus infections -- or sinusitis -- and asthma go together. And studies show that treating one condition often helps relieve the symptoms of the other. The key is to treat both conditions aggressively.
Question: What combination medicines are used to treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Side effects of this kind of drug include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Combination Medicines Several diabetes pills combine two medications into one tablet. They include: Alogliptin and metformin ( Kazano) Alogliptin plus pioglitazone ( Oseni) Dapagliflozin and metformin ( Xigduo XR) Empagliflozin and linaglipton ( Glyxambi) Empagliflozin and metformin ( Synjardy) Glipizide and metformin Glyburide and metformin ( Glucovance) Linagliptin and metformin ( Jentadueto) Pioglitazone and glimepiride ( Duetact) Repaglinide and metformin ( Prandi Met) Rosiglitazone and glimepiride ( Avandaryl) Rosiglitazone and metformin ( Avandamet) Saxagliptin and metformin ( Kombiglyze XR) Sitagliptin and metformin ( Janumet, Janumet XR)
Question: How does pioglitazone (Actos) work to treat type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a âmeglitinide.â Side effects of meglitinides include: Low blood sugar Stomach upset Pioglitazone ( Actos) How it works: Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat. It lowers the amount of sugar the liver releases and makes fat cells more sensitive to insulin's effects. It may take a few weeks for these drugs to lower blood sugar. Your doctor should talk with you about heart risks with this type of drug, which he may call âthiazolidinediones.â Side effects from this type of drug are rare but may include: Higher than normal levels of liver enzymes Liver failure Respiratory infection Headache Fluid retention Repaglinide ( Prandin) How it works: Makes the pancreas release more insulin, but only if your blood sugar levels are too high.
Question: How do I know which diabetes medicines are best for me?
Answer: But there are others that you take as a pill or that you inhale. Your doctor will consider exactly what you need, which may include more than one type of diabetes medicine. The goal is to get your best blood sugar control, and the oral drugs do that in several ways.
Question: How can I use green tea to treat athlete's foot at home?
Answer: Soak your feet in lukewarm green tea and you may notice less symptoms like peeling and redness. That's because nutrients in green tea called polyphenols have antifungal powers. But this method won't work quickly. You may have to soak your feet every day for 3 months. And more studies are needed to prove that green tea can get rid of the fungus, not just make your feet feel and look better.
Question: How can I use sunflower oil to treat athlete's foot at home?
Answer: Made from the pressed seeds of sunflowers, this oil has long been said to fight germs. A brand called Oleozon which contains ozone (another germ-killer) has been shown to get rid of athlete's foot as well as being an antifungal medicine. You apply the oil to your feet instead of taking it by mouth. It's unclear whether all brands of sunflower oil work as well as Oleozon, but it may be worth trying.
Question: How can I use tea tree oil to treat athlete's foot at home?
Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. When rubbed into the skin twice a day, tea tree oil can reduce the itching, scaling, swelling, and burning of athlete's foot. But it may take up to a month to see progress and it doesn't work for everyone. Tea tree oil can cause a skin rash or trigger allergies. So talk with your doctor before you try it. She can suggest a tea tree product for you to try, or explain how to dilute the oil to avoid side effects. Never take tea tree oil by mouth since it can be toxic.
Question: How can I use ajoene from garlic to treat athlete's foot at home?
Answer: Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot. You can take it by mouth as an antifungal pill. You can also find it in a gel form. In one study, people who applied it to their feet once a day saw their symptoms go away after one week. This method could also help keep your athlete's foot from coming back.
Question: How can I use bitter orange to treat athlete's foot at home?
Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. One study found that when people applied a watered down form of bitter orange oil to their feet three times each day, the fungus cleared up after a week or two. Bitter orange can inflame your skin if you use it in its pure form. It can also make you more likely to get a sunburn, so be sure to protect your skin from the sun if you use it. Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot.