anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is risk of infection, bleeding, and bruising higher during chemotherapy?
Answer: Chemotherapy kills white blood cells, which fight germs, and platelets, which help your blood clot. As a result, you have a higher risk of infections, bleeding, and bruising (even if you haven't bumped yourself).
Question: Can my doctor help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?
Answer: Painful sores can make it hard to eat, and they can get infected. Ask your doctor about pain medicines and ointments. If you start having dry mouth, he might recommend treatments to help you make more saliva.
Question: Can medication help with constipation and diarrhea during chemotherapy?
Answer: Try anti-diarrheal medicines or laxatives and stool softeners for constipation. You can get them over the counter or by prescription, but always talk to your doctor before you take them.
Question: What habits will help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?
Answer: Other tips: Visit your dentist 2 weeks before you start chemo to get any dental work done. Brush your teeth and tongue after every meal and before bed with a soft toothbrush or cotton swabs. Suck on ice chips right before or during a session.
Question: What habits will help with nausea during chemotherapy?
Answer: Other tips: Eat several small meals throughout the day rather than three big ones. Drink liquids an hour before you eat rather than during the meal. Sip clear liquids all day long. Plan your eating around your chemo. For some people, a snack right before a session helps keep nausea away. Others do better on an empty stomach.
Question: Can medicine help with anemia during chemotherapy?
Answer: Your doctor might prescribe iron supplements, vitamin B12, or folic acid supplements. He might tell you to try a few treatments at once. If your anemia is severe, you might need a blood transfusion. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe drugs that prompt your body to make more red blood cells.
Question: What habits will help with fatigue during chemotherapy?
Answer: Adjust your work schedule if you need to. Eat a healthy diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Exercise, even if it's just a little bit every day. Drink plenty of water. Take short naps if you need to, but not too close to bedtime. Ask your doctor if it might help you. To keep yourself on track, try a few of these habits: Stick to a routine.
Question: Can chemotherapy cause side effects?
Answer: If you're about to start your cancer treatment, find out what steps you can take to feel better if you end up having some of these side effects. You can get them over the counter or by prescription, but always talk to your doctor before you take them.
Question: How can exercise help you recover from depression?
Answer: Many studies have established that regular physical activity can help you feel better when you are recovering from depression. The type of physical activity really doesn't matter. Just choose something that you enjoy. Start slowly, perhaps with walks around the neighborhood. Try exercising with a friend or relative, or sign up for a class. Sharing the activity with someone may help you stick to a new exercise regimen.
Question: How can avoiding alcohol help you in recover from depression?
Answer: Avoid alcohol and drugs. Alcohol and many illicit drugs can contribute to depression and make it worse. In fact, substance abuse often goes hand in hand with depression. Alcohol and drugs may also affect how well antidepressants work. If you think you have a substance abuse problem, you need to get help now. Addiction or abuse can prevent you from fully recovering from your depression.
Question: How can getting enough sleep help you recover from depression?
Answer: Not getting enough sleep can have a huge impact on your mood. So you need to get into some good sleep habits. Stay on a regular schedule: go to bed and get up at the same time each day. Don't nap. Physical activity during the day may help you sleep, but don't exercise too close to bedtime. However, avoid watching TV or staring at a bright computer screen in bed.
Question: How does sunlight help you recover from depression?
Answer: Many studies have established that regular physical activity can help you feel better when you are recovering from depression. Some people have seasonal affective disorder ( SAD), depression that typically recurs during the fall and winter, when sunlight is scarce and goes away in the spring and summer. If you think you might have SAD, ask your doctor if light therapy -- exposure to artificial sunlight with a special lamp -- might help.
Question: How can doing things you enjoy help you recover from depression?
Answer: Many studies have established that regular physical activity can help you feel better when you are recovering from depression. But you should push yourself a little. Set aside time to do things that you used to enjoy doing. Make a plan to go out to dinner or a movie with friends. Or return to a hobby that you used to pursue. Try expressing yourself creatively.
Question: How long can you have diabetes before being at risk for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Although retinopathy usually does not appear for approximately five years after a type 1 diabetes diagnosis, it may already be present when type 2 diabetes is diagnosed. After 15 years of having diabetes, 98 percent of those with type 1 diabetes and 78 percent of those with type 2 have some degree of retinal damage.
Question: What are the consequences of untreated retinopathy?
Answer: Retinopathy can also lead to glaucoma, increased pressure within the eye that can further threaten vision. Untreated, retinopathy can lead to progressive and irreversible vision loss. This condition is the leading cause of blindness in people between the ages of 20 and 60. But if retinopathy is diagnosed early, blindness can be prevented. Although many people with diabetes develop impaired vision, fewer than 5% suffer severe vision loss.
Question: How does having diabetes affect your risk for retinopathy?
Answer: For a person who has diabetes, the risk of developing retinopathy is directly related to the length of time that he or she has had diabetes. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can lead to retinal damage.
Question: What is the American Lung Association?
Answer: American Cancer Society Information on all aspects of respiratory health, including lung cancer and emphysema.
Question: What is the American Society of Clinical Oncology?
Answer: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Question: What is the National Comprehensive Cancer Network?
Answer: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network is a nonprofit alliance of 26 cancer centers throughout the U. S. that treats all cancers.
Question: How is sunlight used to treat skin problems?
Answer: Too many rays coming directly from the sun can make your symptoms worse and raise your chances of getting skin cancer. If your doctor tells you to get some sun each day, about 20 minutes a day should be enough. Use a sunscreen with zinc oxide and an SPF of 30 or higher on areas of your skin that don't have psoriasis.
Question: What are the side effects of psoralen plus ultraviolet A for your skin?
Answer: PUVA clears up psoriasis quickly with long-lasting results. But using it for a long time can raise your chances of skin cancer. Because of that, it's typically only recommended for severe cases or when other treatments haven't worked. The treatment also has side effects such as: Nausea Exhaustion Headaches Burning and itching Because psoralen makes your body extra sensitive to light, you need to protect your skin and eyes after taking it.
Question: What combination treatment works with ultraviolet B for your skin?
Answer: Your doctor might suggest you use UVB treatment along with another kind of therapy, like a cream made from coal tar. He may call this the Goeckerman regimen. Another combination treatment pairs anthralin-salicylic acid paste with ultraviolet light. You might hear this called the Ingram regimen.
Question: Are lasers used to treat skin problems?
Answer: These highly focused beams of light target your psoriasis patches, not your healthy skin. This cuts down on side effects and may lower your chances of skin cancer. You'll also need fewer treatments compared with other types of light therapy.
Question: When is light therapy used to treat psoriasis?
Answer: If the medicine you put on your skin isn't doing all that it needs to, your doctor may suggest adding phototherapy to your psoriasis treatment. It uses ultraviolet rays that come from sunshine, artificial lamps, or lasers to slow skin cell growth and ease your symptoms.
Question: How are lasers used to help with your skin condition?
Answer: It makes your skin more sensitive to light. This cuts down on side effects and may lower your chances of skin cancer. You'll also need fewer treatments compared with other types of light therapy. The excimer laser uses focused, high-energy ultraviolet B light. It can help patches get better faster than other methods. You usually get this treatment in your doctor's office twice a week for 4 or 5 weeks.
Question: How can I get ultraviolet B rays to treat a skin problem?
Answer: Sunlight. Your doctor can treat you with UVB rays from a phototherapy machine in his office. You can also get one to use at home. Both UVA and UVB rays are linked to skin cancer.
Question: How can ultraviolet B help with your skin condition?
Answer: UVB (ultraviolet B). Your doctor can treat you with UVB rays from a phototherapy machine in his office. You can also get one to use at home. Both UVA and UVB rays are linked to skin cancer. You'll probably need phototherapy treatments 3 days a week for 2 to 3 months.
Question: How can psoralen plus ultraviolet A help with your skin condition?
Answer: This treatment combines UVA lamp sessions with a drug called psoralen. The treatment also has side effects such as: Nausea Exhaustion Headaches Burning and itching Because psoralen makes your body extra sensitive to light, you need to protect your skin and eyes after taking it. Call your doctor if you see blisters.
Question: How is psorlaen used to treat skin problems?
Answer: PUVA (psoralen plus ultraviolet A). It makes your skin more sensitive to light.
Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Have you treated someone with CML before? What tests should I take to confirm a diagnosis? What phase of CML am I in? What treatment do you recommend for me? How will the therapy make me feel? What if the treatment doesn't work? How do I find a support group?
Question: What are symptoms of the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: CML has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blastic. Your symptoms depend on which one you're in. Chronic phase. It's the earliest stage and the easiest to treat. You might not even have symptoms.
Question: What are symptoms of the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: You're more likely to get some of these symptoms: Feel very tired Have a fever Get bruises Have night sweats Be short of breath Lose some weight Feel less hungry Get swelling or pain on your left side (which could be a sign of an enlarged spleen) Feel pain in your bones Other symptoms may include stroke, changes in your vision, ringing in your ears, you feel like you're in a daze, and you get prolonged erections.
Question: What causes chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Most people will never know what caused them to get CML. You don't typically get it from your parents or from infections. Your smoking habits and diet don't seem to raise your chance of getting it either. The only known risk is if you've been in contact with high levels of radiation.
Question: What is chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: You may also hear your doctor call it chronic myeloid leukemia. These are cells that live in your bone marrow and help make new blood cells.
Question: How can you prevent MRSA in children?
Answer: Here's what you can do: Teach your children to wash their hands often with soap and water for at least 15 seconds. This includes after playing with pets or other children. Have your children use alcohol-based hand sanitizers or wipes when washing isn't possible. Teach your children not to share towels, uniforms, or other items that come into contact with bare skin. Keep cuts or broken skin clean and covered with dry bandages until healed. Encourage your children to clean shared sports equipment with antiseptic solution before each use. Or, he or she can use a towel as a barrier between skin and equipment. If your child has dry skin, eczema, or a skin condition, use creams and moisturizers as directed by the doctor. Try to keep areas of flare-up on the skin covered to prevent an entryway for bacteria, as the natural skin barrier may be compromised. Protect against sunburn and bug bites.
Question: What is MRSA?
Answer: It is one of many strains of a bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus -- or staph, for short. Staph bacteria are common on skin and inside nostrils. Staph infection was first reported in humans more than 40 years ago. In the past, staph rarely caused problems, except for minor skin infections. And these infections could be treated effectively with antibiotics. But in recent years, there has been a big increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of staph infection, such as MRSA, even in children. These resistant strains used to be seen mainly in hospitalized patients or chronically ill patients. Now it is found in healthy people, including children. For example, head and neck MRSA infections in children more than doubled during a five-year period. It's important to know how to help prevent MRSA in children and what to do if you suspect your child has it.
Question: What are the "Five Cs" that make MRSA more likely?
Answer: Remember: although MRSA can show up anywhere, it is more likely when these " Five Cs" are present: Crowding Contact between skin Compromised skin (cuts or scrapes) Contaminated items Cleanliness lacking If you suspect your child has a MRSA infection, seek medical attention right away.
Question: How can you prevent the spread of MRSA infection?
Answer: To help prevent the spread of MRSA infection, do this: Change any bandages often. Do it before you can see any drainage through the bandage. Wear gloves while cleaning a wound or changing bandages. Carefully dispose of used bandages. Wash your hands thoroughly after you finish or use an alcohol-based sanitizer. Clean surfaces with detergent-based cleaners or EPA-registered disinfectants. Use separate hand towels, washcloths, and towels. Encourage showers instead of baths. And, don't forget to practice other MRSA prevention steps. Unless your doctor says otherwise, your child can continue attending school, even with an MRSA infection, as long as the infected skin can be kept entirely covered and contained with a clean and dry bandage.
Question: Why is MRSA in kids a concern?
Answer: MRSA is a concern today because it can be harder to treat than other infections, and it's infecting healthy people -- not just those with weakened immune systems as in the past. This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA ( CA- MRSA). That's because it affects people in the community, outside of hospitals and nursing homes. And, with more people infected with community-associated MRSA, more children with MRSA have been admitted to hospitals.
Question: What are treatments for MRSA in children?
Answer: Your child or other family member also has a fever or feels sick Skin infections are passing between family members or friends Treatment for MRSA may include: Draining any skin abscesses Prescribing antibiotics to prevent widespread infection Do not try to drain infections yourself. This can worsen the infection and spread it to other people. Be sure your child takes any antibiotics exactly as prescribed. This can help prevent other bacteria from becoming resistant, which is more likely to happen when germs aren't completely wiped out by treatment. To help prevent the spread of MRSA infection, do this: Change any bandages often.
Question: Who is most at risk for getting community-associated MRSA?
Answer: This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA ( CA- MRSA). Children (or adults) who come into close contact with other people in places like: Day care centers Playgrounds Locker rooms Classrooms and other school settings Gymnasiums Workout facilities In these kinds of settings, MRSA is more likely, because kids have skin-to-skin contact and may share equipment or toys that have not been cleaned. Children are also more likely to have frequent scrapes or bug bites -- potential entryways for infection. This can worsen the infection and spread it to other people.
Question: How is inattentive ADHD treated?
Answer: A doctor will need to know if your child does at least six of these things in order to diagnose the condition: Daydreams and becomes easily distracted Misses important details or makes careless mistakes on homework and tests Gets bored quickly and has difficulty staying focused Has trouble getting organized (for example, losing homework assignments or keeping the bedroom messy and cluttered) Doesn't seem to listen when spoken to Avoids tasks which require a lot of focus Often loses track of things Is forgetful in day to day activities Has trouble following instructions and often shifts from task to task without finishing anything The doctor may also suggest some testing to rule out conditions that can have similar symptoms, including: Hearing or vision problems Learning disabilities Anxiety or depression If your child is diagnosed, his doctor may prescribe medication to improve his ability to concentrate,,suggest therapy, or use a small device to help stimultae the party of the brain believed to be responsible for ADHD. This recently FDA-approved device, called the Monach extermal Trigeminsl Nerve Stimulation (e TNS) System, can be prescribed for patients 7 to 12 years old who are not already taking ADHD medication. A combination of medicine and therapy is the most common approach.
Question: What are the two other types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Answer: Hyperactive-impulsive ADHDmakes kids appear to be in constant motion. Their bodies and mouths are always going, as if driven by a motor. Combined ADHD is when a child has both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Question: How can I help my child with inattentive ADHD find things quicker?
Answer: Make sure your child's clothes and schoolwork are always in the same place and easy to find. Get into a routine. A sense of order helps inattentive children stay focused.
Question: What is a colostomy irrigation?
Answer: Colostomy irrigation is a way to manage bowel movements by emptying the colon at a scheduled time. The process involves putting water into the colon through the stoma. This causes the colon to empty. By repeating this process regularly -- once a day or once every second day -- you can train your colon to empty without spilling waste in between irrigation. Colostomy irrigation also can help you avoid constipation.
Question: Should you do a colostomy irrigation?
Answer: That's a personal decision. If you are a candidate (see below), your doctor or a nurse who is specially trained to help people with colostomies, will discuss this option with you while you are still in the hospital after your surgery.
Question: When should I do a colostomy irrigation?
Answer: It's most effective when done about an hour after a meal, which is when the colon is most likely to be full. You can do it once a day or once every other day, depending on your preference and ability to control your bowel movements. It generally takes about 6 to 8 weeks for the bowel to become regulated with irrigation. It helps to set a routine and irrigate at the same time each day.
Question: Can I do a colostomy irrigation?
Answer: People with permanent colostomies and whose opening is in the descending or sigmoid portion of the colon are good candidates for irrigation. This is because their stools tend to be more formed. People with irritable bowel syndrome, stomal problems, or stomas in the ascending or transverse parts of the colon are less likely to have success with irrigation.
Question: What are common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Answer: The most common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: Confusion Dark-colored urine (a sign of dehydration) Dizziness Fainting Fatigue Headache Muscle or abdominal cramps Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Pale skin Profuse sweating Rapid heartbeat If you, or anyone else, has symptoms of heat exhaustion, it's essential to immediately get out of the heat and rest, preferably in an air-conditioned room.
Question: What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?
Answer: The most common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: Confusion Dark-colored urine (a sign of dehydration) Dizziness Fainting Fatigue Headache Muscle or abdominal cramps Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Pale skin Profuse sweating Rapid heartbeat If you, or anyone else, has symptoms of heat exhaustion, it's essential to immediately get out of the heat and rest, preferably in an air-conditioned room. If you can't get inside, try to find the nearest cool and shady place. Other recommended strategies include: Drink plenty of fluids, especially sports drinks to replace lost salt (avoid caffeine and alcohol). Remove any tight or unnecessary clothing. Take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath. Apply other cooling measures such as fans or ice towels. If such measures fail to provide relief within 15 minutes, seek emergency medical help, because untreated heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke.
Question: What are other risk factors associated with heat-related illness?
Answer: Other risk factors associated with heat-related illness include: Age. Infants and children up to age 4, and adults over age 65, are particularly vulnerable because they adjust to heat more slowly than other people. Certain health conditions. These include heart, lung, or kidney disease, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, diabetes, mental illness, sickle cell trait, alcoholism, sunburn, and any conditions that cause fever. People with diabetes are at increased risk of emergency room visits, hospitalization, and death from heat-related illness and may be especially likely to underestimate their risk during heat waves. Medications. These include some medicines in the following classes: diuretics, sedatives, tranquilizers, stimulants, heart and blood pressure medications, and medications for psychiatric conditions.
Question: What should you know about heat exhaustion?
Answer: Salt depletion. Signs include nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps, and dizziness. Although heat exhaustion isn't as serious as heat stroke, it isn't something to be taken lightly. Without proper intervention, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, which can damage the brain and other vital organs, and even cause death. After you've recovered from heat exhaustion, you'll probably be more sensitive to high temperatures during the following week.
Question: What are the risk factors for heat exhaustion?
Answer: Heat exhaustion is strongly related to the heat index, which is a measurement of how hot you feel when the effects of relative humidity and air temperature are combined. If you live in an urban area, you may be especially prone to develop heat exhaustion during a prolonged heat wave, particularly if there are stagnant atmospheric conditions and poor air quality. In what is known as the "heat island effect," asphalt and concrete store heat during the day and only gradually release it at night, resulting in higher nighttime temperatures. Check with your doctor to see if your health conditions and medications are likely to affect your ability to cope with extreme heat and humidity. When the heat index is high, it's best to stay inside in air conditioning.