anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia?
Answer: Delusions are fixed beliefs that seem real to you, even when there's strong evidence they aren't. Paranoid delusions, also called delusions of persecution, reflect profound fear and anxiety along with the loss of the ability to tell what's real and what's not real. They might make you feel like: A co-worker is trying to hurt you, like poison your food. And if you think that strangers are going to hurt you, you may feel like staying inside or being alone.
Question: Are paranoid schizophrenics usually violent?
Answer: This can make it hard for them to hold a job, run errands, have friendships, and even go to the doctor. If someone is pushed over the edge, their actions usually focus on family members, not the public, and it happens at home. People with schizophrenia who get counseling are also more likely to stick with their medications.
Question: Does paranoid schizophrenia cause hallucinations?
Answer: Paranoid schizophrenia, or schizophrenia with paranoia as doctors now call it, is the most common example of this mental illness. They might also tell you to do harmful things. Or you might see things that aren't really there. But if you think you don't need help when you really do, the law may allow a doctor or other mental health professional to admit you involuntarily if you are unable to care for yourself or may be dangerous to yourself or someone else.
Question: What is paranoid schizophrenia?
Answer: Schizophrenia is a kind of psychosis, which means your mind doesn't agree with reality. It affects how you think and behave. This can show up in different ways and at different times, even in the same person. The illness usually starts in late adolescence or young adulthood. People with paranoid delusions are unreasonably suspicious of others. This can make it hard for them to hold a job, run errands, have friendships, and even go to the doctor. Although it's a lifelong illness, you can take medicines and find help to stop symptoms or make them easier to live with. People with schizophrenia aren't usually violent.
Question: When does a paranoid schizophrenia require hospitalization?
Answer: You might have to take different kinds of drugs for other symptoms, too. You'll be cared for so you and your loved ones stay safe. If you recognize that you're having trouble, you can be admitted voluntarily. But if you think you don't need help when you really do, the law may allow a doctor or other mental health professional to admit you involuntarily if you are unable to care for yourself or may be dangerous to yourself or someone else.
Question: What can you expect prior to transurethral resection (TUR) surgery for bladder cancer?
Answer: You first may need a blood test and chest X-ray to make sure you're healthy enough to have TUR surgery, but your surgeon won't need to make a cut into your skin. He'll get to your bladder through your urethra -- the tube pee goes through as it passes out of your body. Before the surgery, you'll have either general anesthesia -- which puts you to sleep -- or regional anesthesia that numbs just the lower part of your body. The procedure starts once that medicine starts to work.
Question: What is transurethral resection (TUR) surgery for bladder cancer?
Answer: It's a type of surgery used to take samples of tissue from inside your bladder to find out if you have cancer there or if a tumor has spread. Doctors also take out tumors this way.
Question: How can you recover from transurethral resection (TUR) surgery for bladder cancer?
Answer: It's a type of surgery used to take samples of tissue from inside your bladder to find out if you have cancer there or if a tumor has spread. You may need to have it in for a few days before you can go on your own. Drink lots of fluid to help flush out your bladder -- aim for 8 to 10 glasses per day. This also can help keep an infection away. Don't lift anything heavy for 2 to 3 weeks after your surgery. Short walks are OK, but don't do any intense exercise for 4 to 6 weeks. Talk with your doctor about when you can drive and go back to work.
Question: How is transurethral resection (TUR) surgery for bladder cancer done?
Answer: It's a type of surgery used to take samples of tissue from inside your bladder to find out if you have cancer there or if a tumor has spread. He'll pass it up through your urethra into your bladder. The camera shows the surgeon the inside of your bladder. He'll use the cutting tool to take some tissue, then he'll use heat on the areas around the cut to stop the bleeding. The tissue that's taken out during the surgery will be looked at under a microscope in a lab to see if it's cancer. If your surgeon removed a cancerous tumor, she may put a liquid medication into your bladder to kill any cancer cells that are left.
Question: What happens after transurethral resection (TUR) surgery for bladder cancer?
Answer: It's a type of surgery used to take samples of tissue from inside your bladder to find out if you have cancer there or if a tumor has spread. He'll get to your bladder through your urethra -- the tube pee goes through as it passes out of your body. The camera shows the surgeon the inside of your bladder. You may need to have it in for a few days before you can go on your own. If you do, be sure to let your doctor or nurse know. A numbing gel can help. Many people go home the same day as the surgery. But if your tumor was large, you may need to stay in the hospital overnight. You may see blood in your pee for up to 3 days after your surgery.
Question: Can you inherit chronic fatigue syndrome from your parents?
Answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome ME/ CFS can run in families. It's possible that some people inherit a risk for it from one of their parents, such as inheriting a defect in how a particular gene is built. Probably more important than how genes are built is whether genes are turned on or off properlyâdifferences in gene activity. In people with ME/ CFS, within white blood cells and other parts of the body, there are differences in gene activity. For example, several studies have found that genes important in activating the immune system are more likely to be turned on in people with ME/ CFS.
Question: Does age and gender affect who gets chronic fatigue syndrome?
Answer: If you think you may have it, or are concerned that you could be at risk, check with your doctor. If you're a woman, you're four times more likely to get ME/ CFS than men. The condition is rare in children, but girls are more likely to develop it than boys. The illness most often begins in adults aged 30-50. With teenagers, those between 13 and 15 seem to have it most often.
Question: What should someone eat during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: A diet low in total and saturated fat helps lower your risk of heart disease, and also lowers the risk that your breast cancer will return. It's important to get enough protein. This helps build and repair skin, hair, and muscles during your treatment. It may improve your ability to exercise, too. Good nutrition can help you with the side effects of chemotherapy, and help fight off infections. It lets your body rebuild healthy tissues more quickly. Also, drink plenty of fluids to stay well hydrated, and to protect your bladder and kidneys while on chemotherapy.
Question: How does surgery cause weight changes during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: It's common for women who have chemotherapy to gain about 5 to 14 pounds over a year.
Question: How important is exercise during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: It's really good for your overall health -- but talk to your doctor before you begin any exercise program. Physical activity can often help reduce the side effects of nausea and fatigue. It can also lift your energy levels. One study found that exercise after chemotherapy might boost infection-fighting T cells, too. Even a moderate amount of exercise may help you live longer. Strength training can help rebuild body mass and increase your strength. You need to take care when working with weights on the upper body, though. That's because lymphedema -- arm swelling -- is a common concern after breast cancer treatment.
Question: What can cause weight loss during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: It's typically due to a poor appetite or nausea, which can be a side effect of chemotherapy.
Question: What are the risks associated with weight changes during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Being overweight also puts you at risk for getting other types of cancers. Research has also shown that carrying around extra pounds can raise your risk of breast cancer recurring. Weight loss can cause you to lose energy, and poor nutrition can make it harder for you to recover. Stick to a well-balanced diet that includes fruit, vegetables, dairy products, breads, poultry, fish, and lean meat. A diet low in total and saturated fat helps lower your risk of heart disease, and also lowers the risk that your breast cancer will return.
Question: How does lack of exercise cause weight gain during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Some research suggests that weight gain is also related to lack of exercise . When you get your cancer treatment, it's common to feel stress and have some fatigue, nausea, or pain. That can lead to a drop in how much physical activity you get.
Question: How do corticosteroids affect weight change during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Another reason for weight gain is the use of corticosteroids. These medications help with nausea and swelling, or to stop reactions to chemotherapy. These drugs can boost your appetite. Corticosteroids are hormones that can also cause an increase in fatty tissue. They can make you lose muscle mass in your arms and legs, and gain belly fat, too. You may also have a fullness of the neck or face. Loss of muscle makes weight gain more apparent. Women treated with steroids may also put on pounds, but the weight gain is usually seen only after weeks of continuous use.
Question: What might cause weight gain during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Many things can play a role. Chemotherapy can bring on premature menopause. Menopause also causes you to gain more body fat and lose lean muscle. It's common for women who have chemotherapy to gain about 5 to 14 pounds over a year. Some gain less, while others put on as many as 25 pounds. Weight loss can cause you to lose energy, and poor nutrition can make it harder for you to recover.
Question: How does medication cause weight changes during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Another reason for weight gain is the use of corticosteroids. So far, though, no conclusive studies have shown a relationship between this hormone and the gains.
Question: How common are weight changes during breast cancer treatment?
Answer: Most women gain pounds, but others lose some. When you get your cancer treatment, it's common to feel stress and have some fatigue, nausea, or pain.
Question: How is constipation defined for a baby?
Answer: Constipation isn't just about how often your baby poops. It's also about how tough it is for him to do it. If he has soft, easy-to-pass stools every 4-5 days, he's probably OK. On the other hand, you should talk to your doctor if he: Has a hard time going or seems uncomfortable Has hard stools Has poops that are bloody or black Doesn't poop at least once every 5 to 10 days If you're bottle feeding, try a different brand of formula -- after you check with your doctor.
Question: How can you ease your baby's constipation?
Answer: If he has soft, easy-to-pass stools every 4-5 days, he's probably OK. On the other hand, you should talk to your doctor if he: Has a hard time going or seems uncomfortable Has hard stools Has poops that are bloody or black Doesn't poop at least once every 5 to 10 days If you're bottle feeding, try a different brand of formula -- after you check with your doctor. Constipation should never be a reason to stop breastfeeding. Add a little dark fruit juice, like prune or pear, to your baby's bottle. Or just give her some extra water if she's older than 4 months -- no more than 1-2 ounces per day. But check with the doctor first. Remember that most babies who don't poop a lot are not truly "constipated" and don't need anything different from normal.
Question: What are symptoms of complete urea cycle disorders (UCDs)?
Answer: Symptoms are usually less severe than in babies with complete UCD. They include: Avoiding foods high in protein or a dislike of meat Loss of appetite Nausea or vomiting Behavior problems, including hyperactivity Mental problems (confusion, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis) Most newborns in the U. S. are tested for ASS1 and ASL, but how well the tests work is different in each state.
Question: What are the symptoms a baby may have from a partial urea cycle disorder (UCD)?
Answer: They include: Avoiding foods high in protein or a dislike of meat Loss of appetite Nausea or vomiting Behavior problems, including hyperactivity Mental problems (confusion, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis) Most newborns in the U. S. are tested for ASS1 and ASL, but how well the tests work is different in each state.
Question: How are most cases of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) managed?
Answer: In most cases, you can manage them with diet and medications.
Question: Who is more likely to have urea cycle disorders (UCDs)?
Answer: They are inherited diseases -- you pass them down to your child. We all inherit two copies of our genes, one from each parent. With most UCDs, you must get a defective gene from both parents to get the disease. The genes tell your child's body how to break down protein. One UCD, called ornithine transcarbamylase ( OTC) deficiency, is what doctors call a sex-linked disorder. Mothers carry the gene on their X chromosome, and they mostly pass it to their sons.
Question: What lesionectomy surgery for epilepsy?
Answer: This surgery removes brain lesions -- areas of injury or defect like a tumor or malformed blood vessel -- that cause seizures. Seizures usually stop once the lesion is removed.
Question: If I have to take my baby outdoors, how can I protect him?
Answer: Cover with clothes. Dress your baby so bugs don't have any access to skin. Loose-fitting long sleeves and pants Socks A hat Skip the bright, flowery prints. Bugs are attracted to those. Protect with a net. Use a fitted mesh net over carriers and strollers when you take your baby outdoors.
Question: Should I get rid of standing water to protect my baby from bug bites?
Answer: Look around your house for soggy sites, like: Planters Birdbaths Wading pools Drill holes in tire swings to keep water from collecting. Change your pets' water bowls regularly.
Question: Once my baby is over 2 months old, can I use bug repellents?
Answer: Once your baby is a little older, you can add repellent sprays and lotions to your bug-fighting kit. According to the CDC, insect repellent is the best way to protect your baby from mosquito bites -- as long as you use it correctly. Repellents also protect from other biting bugs like ticks, fleas, chiggers, and biting flies. But they don't work for stinging bugs, like wasps, bees, and hornets.
Question: Can avoiding bug hangout spots help protect your baby from bug bites?
Answer: Flower gardens, garbage cans, piles of dead leaves, and bushes are all popular places for bug parties, so steer clear.
Question: Can you use bug repellents on a baby under 2 months?
Answer: The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) is clear: Bug repellents -- even the DEET-free ones -- are not safe for newborns. Since you can't use lotions and sprays on the very small, the best way to keep your baby from becoming a bug buffet is by avoiding bugs in the first place. Stay in. Bugs, especially mosquitoes, are most active at dawn and dusk. Keep your baby indoors during those hours to lower his bite risk. Defend your house. Make sure your windows and doors have screens to keep bugs from flying or crawling inside.
Question: What bug repellents work the best?
Answer: Research says repellents with these active ingredients work the longest: DEET I5353 Picaridin When you use DEET, choose products with less than 30%.
Question: Can I put both bug repellent and sunscreen on my baby?
Answer: If you want to put sunscreen on your baby, too, do that first. Don't use a bug repellent and sunscreen combo. You'll have to reapply it more often than repellent alone.
Question: How much DEET do I need to protect my baby from bug bites?
Answer: Research says repellents with these active ingredients work the longest: DEET I5353 Picaridin When you use DEET, choose products with less than 30%. And the less time your baby will be outside, the lower the concentration of DEET you should use.
Question: Are natural bug repellants safe for babies over 2 months old?
Answer: The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) is clear: Bug repellents -- even the DEET-free ones -- are not safe for newborns. They aren't as long-lasting, though, and they can irritate your baby's skin.
Question: How should you apply bug repellent on your baby?
Answer: Since you can't use lotions and sprays on the very small, the best way to keep your baby from becoming a bug buffet is by avoiding bugs in the first place. Cover with clothes. Don't put it on your baby's hands or near his mouth and eyes. Skip skin that's cut, scraped, or has a rash.
Question: How is a needle biopsy or needle aspiration done to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: Your doctor numbs your skin and uses a needle to remove a sample of tissue. You may hear him talk about two different types. If he uses a thin needle it's called fine needle aspiration. A procedure that uses a slightly thicker, hollow needle to remove a piece of tissue along with the cells is called a core biopsy. Your doctor may use a CT scan or X-ray to guide the needle to the right spot.
Question: What are reasons besides smoking that I should get screened for lung cancer?
Answer: Besides smoking, there are other reasons you could have higher odds of lung cancer. Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT).
Question: Who should get screened for lung cancer?
Answer: Experts have different views. Several health organizations, including the American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, and the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force, say you should do it if you're at least 55 and you are or were a long-term smoker.
Question: How is an open biopsy done to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: You need to be in a hospital operating room to get this done. A surgeon removes tissue through a cut in your chest. You'll get anesthesia that puts you to sleep while this is going on. However your biopsy is done, after it's over the cells that were removed are sent to a lab. A specialist called a pathologist looks at them under a microscope to check if any of them are cancer.
Question: How is a sputum cytology test used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: This test looks for cancer cells in your mucus. To get a sample, you'll breathe deeply and then cough with enough force to bring some up from your lungs. Then you'll spit it out into a cup.
Question: What happens after you have been diagnosed with lung cancer?
Answer: But make sure you also get the emotional backing you need. Reach out to your family and friends. They can be a huge source of support while you manage and treat your condition. Also look into support groups, where you can talk to people who are going through the same things you are.
Question: How is a bronchoscopy used to diagnose lung cancer?
Answer: For this test, he removes a tissue sample through a thin tube that he places into your lungs.
Question: How does screening for lung cancer work?
Answer: Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT). It's a machine that uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of your lungs. It's a super-easy exam to take. You don't need any special prep, like fasting. You just need to hold your breath for about 6 seconds while a technician takes a scan. The whole thing takes about 10 minutes. One thing to keep in mind: Sometimes an LCDT can give a result that looks like cancer, but really isn't. Doctors call this situation a false-positive. You may need to take some other tests to double-check.
Question: What is an open biopsy?
Answer: You need to be in a hospital operating room to get this done. A surgeon removes tissue through a cut in your chest. You'll get anesthesia that puts you to sleep while this is going on. However your biopsy is done, after it's over the cells that were removed are sent to a lab. A specialist called a pathologist looks at them under a microscope to check if any of them are cancer.
Question: What is the difference between a needle biopsy or needle aspiration?
Answer: Your doctor numbs your skin and uses a needle to remove a sample of tissue. You may hear him talk about two different types. If he uses a thin needle it's called fine needle aspiration. A procedure that uses a slightly thicker, hollow needle to remove a piece of tissue along with the cells is called a core biopsy. Your doctor may use a CT scan or X-ray to guide the needle to the right spot.
Question: How are imaging tests used to diagnose lung cancer?
Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is.
Question: What imaging tests are useful in diagnosing lung cancer?
Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is. Some imaging tests that may be useful to make a diagnosis are: Chest X-ray. It uses radiation in low doses to make images of your lungs. CT (computed tomography). This powerful X-ray can show the size and shape of cancer, and where it is. You may get a scan of your chest and belly. If you have the disease, the doctor can see whether it has spread to places like your liver or adrenal glands. PET (positron emission tomography). It uses a special type of radiation that collects in cancer cells. A camera then takes pictures of these areas. Your doctor can use this exam to find out if a growth that showed up on an X-ray is really cancer, and to see if it's moved to other places.
Question: How is computed tomography (CT) used to screen for lung cancer?
Answer: This powerful X-ray can show the size and shape of cancer, and where it is. You may get a scan of your chest and belly. If you have the disease, the doctor can see whether it has spread to places like your liver or adrenal glands.
Question: What is an endoscopic ultrasound and how is it used to treat lung cancer?
Answer: When you get this test, he inserts a needle through a lighted tube called an endoscope.