anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
Answer: Risk factors for colorectal cancer include: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps A diet high in red meats and processed meats Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 diabetes Being African- American Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. Screening should begin at age 50.
Question: How can you prevent colorectal cancer?
Answer: People may inherit diseases in which the risk of colon polyps and cancer is very high. Some studies have shown that aspirin and other drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, may help prevent colon cancers. NSAIDs also carry increased risks of serious complications, such as stomach bleeding, heart attacks and strokes. Screening guidelines for adults consist of screening with colonoscopy starting at a younger age.
Question: What are the general colorectal cancer screening recommendations?
Answer: General Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations: These recommendations are for people at average risk for colorectal cancer without symptoms or a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Screening should begin at age 50. Stool tests â a fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test -- is performed once a year. These are simple at-home tests that check for hidden blood in the stool from multiple samples. Or Flexible sigmoidoscopyperformed every 5 years. This is an outpatient procedure for examining the inside of the lower portion of the large intestine, called the sigmoid colon, and also the rectum. This test can miss polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities that are beyond the reach of the scope. If abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy needs to be done. Or Colonoscopy, performed once every 10 years; this is the preferred test. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years. This can miss small polyps. If any abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy is needed.
Question: What tests are used to detect colorectal cancer?
Answer: In addition to getting a medical history and physical exam, there are a number of tests your doctor can perform to help detect colorectal cancer and polyps early. Tests to help detect colorectal polyps and cancer include: Sigmoidoscopy. This is a procedure used to examine the rectum and very last part of the colon. This test can detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities in the sigmoid colon and rectum. During this exam, a biopsy (tissue sample) may also be removed and sent for testing. Colonoscopy. A colonoscopy examines the entire colon and rectum. This is a special X-ray test (also referred to as a virtual colonoscopy) done of the entire colon using a CT (computed tomography) scanner. This test takes less time and is less invasive than other tests. However, if a polyp is detected, a standard colonoscopy needs to be performed. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years.
Question: Can I use adult allergy medicine for a child?
Answer: Can I use adult allergy medicine for my child? No. Only give medication to your child that is clearly labeled for his or her age group. There are a few over-the-counter and prescription medications that are OK for children as young as 6 months old. You'll need to know the child's age and weight to calculate the correct dose to give. Your pediatrician or pharmacist can help you figure out which medications and how much, if any, are best for your child.
Question: What should I know about allergy shots?
Answer: Allergy Shots This is also called allergy immunotherapy and is only available from your doctor. The shots can help your body get used to your allergens. It can't cure your allergies, but your symptoms can get better for a long time, and you may have fewer allergic reactions. Allergy shots have to be taken every few days to weeks for several months. They are a good option for people with hay fever or pet allergies when other medications haven't worked. Side effects include redness, swelling, or irritation around the site of the injection.
Question: Whoâs most likely to have allergies?
Answer: Allergies affect men and women of all ages, and you can develop an allergy at any time. You may even find yourself suddenly allergic to something that never bothered you before. Experts aren't sure why some people have allergies and others don't, but there seems to be a family connection. People with a family history of allergies are more likely to develop them. So if you have allergies, your children will most likely have them, too.
Question: What causes food allergies, and what are reactions like?
Answer: Food allergies. Eight foods cause 90% of food allergies: Milk, soy, eggs, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Reactions tend to happen more in young children than adults. Fortunately, some children will outgrow them. Symptoms usually appear within a few minutes to 2 hours of eating the food and can be mild, like a rash, itching, or swelling, or life-threatening, like trouble breathing and swelling of the throat or tongue. Life-threatening reactions should be treated immediately with an epinephrine auto-injector. Then call 911.
Question: How can I tell the difference between a cold and allergies?
Answer: The symptoms are so similar that you might get them confused. Here's how to tell the difference: Allergies Cold Symptoms Runny, itchy, or stuffy nose, sneezing, wheezing, watery or itchy eyes. You could also have a sore throat, body aches, and fever. Watery eyes are rare. How long symptoms last Could last a long time, as long as you're exposed to your allergen. Symptoms tend to clear up within a few days.
Question: What are some types and symptoms of allergies?
Answer: People with allergies to certain medications (like antibiotics, aspirin, and ibuprofen) will have a reaction like a skin rash, itching, wheezing, swelling, even trouble breathing after taking them. When your skin comes in direct contact with something you're allergic to, like perfumes, dyes, metals, or latex, you may notice a rash, blisters, itching, and burning. Eczema is a chronic inflammation of the skin, resulting in itchy red patches. It can be triggered by certain foods, pet dander, dust mites, sweating, or coming in contact with something irritating, like wool. Insect allergies.
Question: How can I cut allergens in my home?
Answer: If possible, leave your home for a few hours after cleaning to avoid allergens you've stirred up. Also, make sure that your vacuum has a HEPA filter or special double filter bags to catch dust. Keep pets out of the bedroom. Zippered plastic covers also work. Wash bedding weekly in hot water (130 F) and dry in a hot dryer to kill dust mites. Repair indoor or outdoor leaks. Use a dehumidifier, and clean it often. Keep pollen out.
Question: Whatâs hay fever?
Answer: Also known as allergic rhinitis, hay fever is the most common type of allergy. It can be seasonal, meaning it only happens at certain times of the year (mostly in the spring or fall), or year-round. Symptoms include stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and itchy throat and can range from mild to severe. Seasonal: If you have seasonal hay fever, you are probably allergic to something outdoors, like mold or pollen. Ragweed is to blame for 75% of hay fever. Year-round: If you have year-round hay fever, you are probably allergic to something indoors, such as dust mites, mold, cockroaches, or pet dander.
Question: What are some ways I can treat my allergies without medicine?
Answer: You might have heard that there are ways to get relief from your allergy symptoms without taking medication. Herbal supplements: Experts aren't sure that taking supplements like bee pollen, butterbur, or goldenseal can help allergies. So if you are allergic to ragweed, some supplements may make your symptoms worse. Nasal irrigation : Pour a saline solution into one nostril and let it flow out the other to wash out mucus and allergens. Make sure you always use distilled or sterile water, boiled and cooled tap water, or water passed through a special filter.
Question: How can I avoid outdoor allergens?
Answer: You don't have to stay indoors round the clock, there are some precautions you can take: Avoid going out when allergens are at their peak, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Consider wearing a facemask when you're outside to limit how much pollen you breathe in. Wear a baseball cap during pollen season and leave it at the door when you come back inside. Avoid tracking pollen in your home by leaving your shoes at the door, changing your clothes, and showering and washing your hair immediately after going inside. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from pollen. Roll up the car windows and use the air conditioner when you drive. Have someone else do the yard work.
Question: How can I treat my child's allergy symptoms?
Answer: If you don't know what's causing your child to sneeze or wheeze, see your pediatrician or allergist. They will examine your child to find the cause of the symptoms and suggest treatments. When pollen counts are highest, consider limiting your child's time outdoors. Have your child wear a baseball cap outside, and when he comes in, have him change his clothes and wash his face (including eyebrows and nostrils). Medications can also help. But remember that treating children is different from treating adults. If your child's symptoms aren't responding to over-the-counter medicine recommended by your pharmacist, make an appointment with your pediatrician to see if other treatments like prescription medications and allergy immunotherapy might help.
Question: How can I ease side effects from allergy medication?
Answer: Follow a few simple strategies to manage side effects: Follow the directions. Tell your doctor if you've had any problems or unpleasant side effects from past medications. It can increase side effects like drowsiness or even make you sick.
Question: What are tips for feeding children with spinal muscular atrophy?
Answer: When muscles in the mouth and throat are weak, babies and children with SMA can have a hard time sucking and swallowing. In that situation, your child may not get good nutrition and may have trouble growing. Your doctor may suggest working with a nutritionist. Some babies may need a feeding tube.
Question: What questions will your doctor ask about spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) before a diagnosis?
Answer: SMA can sometimes be hard to diagnose because the symptoms may be similar to other conditions. To help figure out what's going on, your doctor may ask you: Has your baby missed any developmental milestones, such as holding his head up or rolling over? Does your child have trouble sitting or standing on his own? Have you seen your child have trouble breathing? When did you first notice the symptoms? Has anyone in your family had similar symptoms?
Question: What can help breathing problems in children with spinal muscular atrophy?
Answer: With SMA, especially types 1 and 2, weak muscles keep air from moving easily in and out of the lungs. If this happens to your child, he may need a special mask or mouthpiece. For severe problems, your child may use a machine that helps him breathe.
Question: What are symptoms of type 2 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: This affects children 6-18 months old. The symptoms range from moderate to severe and usually involve the legs more than the arms. Your child may be able to sit and walk or stand with help. Type 2 is also called chronic infantile SMA.
Question: How can I ease back issues of a child with spinal muscular atrophy?
Answer: When SMA starts in childhood, children can get a curve in their spine. A doctor may suggest that your child wear a back brace while his spine is still growing. When he's stopped growing, he may have surgery to fix the problem.
Question: What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. When your child has SMA, there's a breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The brain stops sending messages that control muscle movement. When that happens, your child's muscles get weak and shrink, and he can have trouble controlling head movement, sitting without help, and even walking. Have you seen your child have trouble breathing?
Question: How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treated?
Answer: What can I do to help my child become more independent? The FDA has approved two medications to treat SMA: nusinersen ( Spinraza) and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi ( Zolgensma). Both are forms of gene therapy that affect the genes involved in SMA. The outlook depends on when symptoms started and how severe they are.
Question: What are different types of doctors who can treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: He may need to see: Pulmonologists, doctors who treat lungs Neurologists, specialists in nerve problems Orthopedists, doctors who treat bone problems Gastroenterologists, specialists in stomach disorders Nutritionists, experts in the way food affects your child's health Physical therapists, people trained in using exercise to improve your child's motion This team can help you make decisions about your child's health. In other types of SMA, doctors can help ease a child's symptoms for many years and in many cases throughout his life.
Question: What tests can help diagnose spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. For example, they may take a blood sample from your child to check for missing or broken genes that can cause SMA. Other tests rule out conditions that have similar symptoms: Nerve tests, such as an electromyogram ( EMG). This is a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your child's body. This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your child. In this test, the doctor removes muscle cells through a needle in the muscle or through a small cut in your child's skin.
Question: What are symptoms of type 4 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. This form of SMA starts when you're an adult. You may have symptoms such as muscle weakness, twitching, or breathing problems. Usually only your upper arms and legs are affected. You'll have the symptoms throughout your life, but you can keep moving and even get better with exercises that you'll practice with the help of a physical therapist.
Question: What are symptoms of type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. Symptoms for this type start when children are 2-17 years old. It's the mildest form of the disease. Your child will most likely be able to stand or walk without help, but may have problems running, climbing stairs, or getting up from a chair. Later in life, he may need a wheelchair to get around. Type 3 is also called Kugelberg- Welander disease or juvenile SMA.
Question: How can I help a child with spinal muscular atrophy with his movement?
Answer: Is there therapy that can help keep my child's muscles strong? Your doctor may suggest working with a nutritionist. Special tools can control computers and phones and help with writing and drawing.
Question: What causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: SMA is a disease that's passed down through families. When this happens, his body won't be able to make a specific kind of protein. Without it, the cells that control muscles die. Your child may be able to sit and walk or stand with help.
Question: What are symptoms of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?
Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. He may not be able to support his head or sit without help. He may have floppy arms and legs and problems swallowing. Most children with type 1 SMA don't live past age 2 because of breathing problems.
Question: What are some tips for ordering ostomy equipment?
Answer: When you order ostomy equipment: Allow enough time for delivery when you order it. Re-measure your stoma before ordering pre-cut pouches during the first 6 months. Always keep an extra 2-week supply of pouch equipment. There is no good substitution for the products if you should run out. Keep a list of your equipment along with the order numbers, manufacturers, and sources of supply. Give a duplicate of this list to a family member or friend in case their help is needed in an emergency. Check several retailers for the best equipment prices. Some suppliers will help you with Medicare and insurance forms. Consider how long you wear your pouch when calculating the cost of your equipment.
Question: When should someone call the enterostomal therapy (ET) nurse for a colostomy?
Answer: It's a good idea to check in if you have: Leakage problems Skin irritation in the area of your pouch Trouble finding places to buy your supplies Problems finding a support group Questions about becoming pregnant Relationship problems due to the colostomy Any other questions or concerns about your colostomy
Question: Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can raise blood pressure?
Answer: Common NSAIDs that can raise blood pressure include: Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) You may also find NSAIDs in over-the-counter medication for other health problems. Cold medicine, for example, often contains NSAIDs. It's a good idea whenever you purchase an over-the-counter drug to check the label for NSAIDs. Ask your doctor if any NSAID is okay for you to use. Your doctor may be able to recommend alternatives, such as using acetaminophen instead of ibuprofen.
Question: How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect high blood pressure?
Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. NSAIDs can also raise your risk for heart attack or stroke, especially in higher doses. Many cough and cold medications contain NSAIDs to relieve pain. However, they also constrict blood vessels throughout your body. These suggestions can help: Give a list of ALL the medications you use, both prescription and over-the-counter, to every doctor you visit.
Question: What can you do to prevent high blood pressure from cough and cold medications?
Answer: Ask your doctor if any NSAID is okay for you to use. Decongestants may prevent your blood pressure medication from working properly. Avoid using cough and cold medicine that contains NSAIDs or decongestants, especially pseudoephedrine.
Question: How can weight loss drugs lead to high blood pressure?
Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. Decongestants can make blood pressure worse in two ways: Decongestants may make your blood pressure and heart rate rise. Before using any weight loss drug, whether prescription or over-the-counter, be sure to check with your doctor. These medications can be useful for weight loss, but may do you more harm than good.
Question: How can migraine headache medications lead to high blood pressure?
Answer: If you have high blood pressure to begin with, it can rise to dangerous levels. Some medications may interact with your blood pressure medicine. However, NSAIDs can make your body retain fluid and decrease the function of your kidneys. Some migraine medications work by tightening blood vessels in your head. If you have high blood pressure or any other type of heart disease, talk with your doctor before taking a drug for migraines or severe headaches.
Question: What are the symptoms of renal artery stenosis?
Answer: Risk factors include: Older age Being female Having hypertension Having other vascular disease (such as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease) Having chronic kidney disease Having diabetes Using tobacco Having an abnormal cholesterol level Renal artery stenosis usually does not cause any specific symptoms. Sometimes, the first sign of renal artery stenosis is high blood pressure that is extremely hard to control, along with worsening of previously well-controlled high blood pressure, or elevated blood pressure that affects other organs in the body.
Question: What causes renal artery stenosis?
Answer: More than 90% of the time, renal artery stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis, a process in which plaque made up of fats, cholesterol, and other materials builds up on the walls of the blood vessels, including those leading to the kidneys. More rarely, renal artery stenosis can be caused by a condition called fibromuscular dyplasia, in which the cells in the walls of the arteries undergo abnormal growth.
Question: What are the risk factors for renal artery stenosis?
Answer: Renal artery stenosis is often found by accident in patients who are undergoing tests for another reason. Risk factors include: Older age Being female Having hypertension Having other vascular disease (such as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease) Having chronic kidney disease Having diabetes Using tobacco Having an abnormal cholesterol level Renal artery stenosis usually does not cause any specific symptoms.
Question: How can I use a deep breathing technique to help relieve stress that may be causing erectile dysfunction (ED)?
Answer: Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed.
Question: Will I need surgery for heartburn?
Answer: You won't need it if you have ordinary heartburn. It's rare, but you may need an operation if: Other treatments haven't helped. The muscle that controls the valve at the top of your stomach doesn't work properly. You have cancer in your esophagus. Keep in mind that trouble swallowing, and not heartburn or GERD, is the most common symptom of this type of cancer.
Question: How can acid blockers treat heartburn?
Answer: They cut down on how much acid your stomach makes. Side effects can include mild headache, dizziness, and diarrhea. These are usually temporary and will likely go away on their own.
Question: What should I do if I have autonomic neuropathy in the urinary system?
Answer: What you should do: See your doctor. Treatments include: Vaginal estrogen creams, suppositories, and rings Medications to help sex not feel painful Lubricants In the Urinary System: Symptoms include: Trouble emptying your bladder Bloating Incontinence (leaking urine) More bathroom trips at night What you should do: Tell your doctor.
Question: What are some other types of diabetic nerve damage?
Answer: People with diabetes can also get other nerve-related conditions, such as nerve compressions (entrapment syndromes). Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very common type of entrapment syndrome. It causes numbness and tingling of in the hand and sometimes muscle weakness or pain. If you think you may have any type of nerve problem, talk with your doctor, so she can check for the cause.
Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in my blood vessels?
Answer: In blood vessels: Symptoms include: Blacking out when you stand up quickly Faster heartbeat Dizziness Low blood pressure Nausea Vomiting Feeling full sooner than normal If you have it: Avoid standing up too quickly.
Question: What is focal neuropathy?
Answer: This type can appear suddenly and affect specific nerves, most often in the head, torso, or leg. It causes muscle weakness or pain.
Question: What should I do if I have peripheral neuropathy?
Answer: What you should do: Check your feet and legs daily. Use lotion on your feet if they're dry. Take care of your toenails. Ask your doctor if you should go to a podiatrist. Wear shoes that fit well. Wear them all the time, so your feet don't get injured.