anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What medications can help treat HER2 positive breast cancer?
Answer: A gene called HER2 makes too many copies of itself in about 20% of people with breast cancer. Trastuzumab ( Herceptin) is the standard treatment for this type of breast cancer. Trastuzumab treats this type of breast cancer either alone or alone with chemotherapy drugs. Pertuzumab ( Perjeta) is another antibody that treats HER2-positive breast cancer. Pertuzumab may be harmful to a fetus, so women who are pregnant shouldn't take it. Another medication, ado-trastuzumab emtansine ( Kadcyla), combines the antibody in trastuzumab with a chemotherapy drug. Doctors give it to people with HER2-positive, advanced breast cancer who were already treated with trastuzumab. Lapatinib ( Tykerb) is an example of a small-molecule drug that you can take in a pill. Together with chemotherapy, it treats some advanced cases of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Question: What is alpha lipoic acid (ALA)?
Answer: ALA is an antioxidant. Antioxidants protect against damage to the body's cells. There are food sources of ALA such as yeast, organ meats like liver and heart, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. However, ALA from food does not appear to produce a noticeable increase in the level of free ALA in the body. Some people take ALA supplements with the intent to improve a variety of health conditions. Scientific evidence for the health benefit of supplemental ALA has been inconclusive. Studies show that about 30% to 40% of the oral dose of an ALA supplement is absorbed. ALA may be better absorbed if it is taken on an empty stomach.
Question: What other conditions can alpha lipoic acid (ALA) help with?
Answer: ALA has been suggested as a potential aid in stopping or slowing the damage done by a variety of other health conditions from HIV to liver disease. However, much of the research is still early and evidence isn't conclusive. There has also been recent interest in supplemental ALA for weight loss. But again, there is no evidence that ALA has any effect on weight loss in humans, and more research needs to be done.
Question: What should you know about alpha lipoic acid (ALA)?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Alpha-lipoic acid or ALA is a naturally occurring compound that's made in the body. It serves vital functions at the cellular level, such as energy production. As long as you're healthy, the body can produce all the ALA it needs for these purposes. Despite that fact, there has been a lot of recent interest in using ALA supplements. Advocates of ALA make claims that range from beneficial effects for treating conditions such as diabetes and HIV to enhancing weight loss. Research on the effects of ALA supplementation is sparse. What there is, though, does suggest some possible benefits.
Question: What are the side effects and precautions for alpha lipoic acid (ALA)?
Answer: Advocates of ALA make claims that range from beneficial effects for treating conditions such as diabetes and HIV to enhancing weight loss. However, little is known about the possible effect of long-term use of ALA supplements. And there are no dosage recommendations and little data on the potential effect of large doses taken over time. ALA should not be used without a recommendation from your doctor if you take insulin or other medications to lower blood sugar. It's possible that it can enhance the effect of these drugs, leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Discuss the use of supplemental ALA with your doctor first. Your doctor may recommend that you increase monitoring of blood sugar levels. The doctor may also want to make an adjustment in your medication. Because no studies have been done on the effect of using ALA during pregnancy, you should not use it if pregnant. Also, there are no data about its use by children, so children should not take ALA supplements.
Question: What can I do to have a strong immune system?
Answer: The classic things that keep your heart, brain, bones, and the rest of you well are also good for your immune system: Eat nutritious foods. Stay active. Work to keep your weight healthy. Don't smoke. If you drink alcohol, keep it moderate (no more than one drink a day if you're a woman, and two drinks daily if you're a man).
Question: What does your immune system do?
Answer: Your immune system works to root out germs and other invaders that have no business in your body. For example, if you inhale a cold virus through your nose, your immune system targets that virus and either stops it in its tracks or primes you to recover. It takes time to get over an infection, and sometimes you need medicine to help, but the process is the cornerstone of prevention and recovery.
Question: What does my immune system consist of?
Answer: Other than your nervous system, your immune system is the most complex system in your body. It's made up of tissues, cells, and organs, including: Your tonsils Your digestive system Your bone marrow Your skin Your lymph nodes Your spleen Thin skin on the inside of your nose, throat, and genitals All of these help create or store cells that work around the clock to keep your whole body healthy.
Question: How does my immune system react to stress?
Answer: When you're wound up, your immune system doesn't work as well as it does when you're confident and mellow about your challenges. That may make you more likely to get sick.
Question: How does your immune system grow stronger?
Answer: You're born with a certain level of protection, or âimmunity.â But it can get better. Think of a baby or young child who comes down with colds, earaches, or other everyday illnesses often. Their immune system is creating a "bank" of antibodies as they are exposed to illnesses for the first time, enabling them to fight off future invaders. Vaccines work in much the same way. They turn on your immune system by introducing your body to a tiny amount of a virus (usually a killed or weakened one). Your body makes antibodies in response that protects against threats like measles, whooping cough, flu, or meningitis. Then, when you come in contact with that virus in your everyday life, your immune system kicks in so that you don't get sick.
Question: Can your immune system work against you?
Answer: You've heard of your immune system. It's made up of tissues, cells, and organs, including: Your tonsils Your digestive system Your bone marrow Your skin Your lymph nodes Your spleen Thin skin on the inside of your nose, throat, and genitals All of these help create or store cells that work around the clock to keep your whole body healthy. They turn on your immune system by introducing your body to a tiny amount of a virus (usually a killed or weakened one). Your immune system can become less effective as you get older. It can also make you more likely to get an autoimmune disease, like rheumatoid arthritis, or even some kinds of cancer.
Question: What are the risks of drinking alcohol to help with cholesterol?
Answer: Drinking too much alcohol can actually increase your risk for heart disease and stroke, raise blood pressure, contribute to obesity, and increase the levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood. Excessive drinking also can lead to heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), and stroke. Eventually, heavy alcohol use can leave the heart too weak to pump efficiently, a condition called congestive heart failure. Because drinking alcohol also has other downsides, including increased risk of some cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increased risk of accidents, the American Heart Association does not recommend that you start drinking wine or any other alcoholic beverages specifically to lower your cholesterol or improve your heart health. Instead, the organization advises watching your weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly to keep your cholesterol levels in check. If you do plan to drink, check with your doctor first, and drink in moderation -- (one glass of wine or beer a day for women, two for men). Some people, especially pregnant women, and those who take certain medicines regularly, should avoid alcohol entirely.
Question: How many men get osteoporosis?
Answer: But men still make up 20% of all cases. That means about 2 million men in the United States have osteoporosis right now. More than 43 million men and women have osteopenia, a condition where your bones thin. It can lead to osteoporosis if not properly treated.
Question: How can I get calcium and vitamin D to help with osteoporosis?
Answer: Without calcium and vitamin D the drugs can't do their job. Whether you get them as a part of your regular diet or through supplements, these essential nutrients are key. If you still aren't getting enough calcium and vitamin D, then ask your doctor about supplements. If your doctor says you have osteopenia, treat it as a warning sign -- a chance to practice good bone health by eating a calcium-rich diet, taking supplements if needed, and getting regular exercise.
Question: What are ways syphilis cannot be spread?
Answer: Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
Question: What is the tertiary stage of syphilis?
Answer: If the infection isn't treated, it may then progress to a stage characterized by severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death if it's not treated.
Question: Can pregnant women transfer syphilis to their baby?
Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child.
Question: How is syphilis diagnosed?
Answer: Syphilis was once a major public health threat, commonly causing serious long-term health problems such as arthritis, brain damage, and blindness.
Question: What are signs of early or primary syphilis?
Answer: People with primary syphilis will develop one or more sores. The sores are usually small painless ulcers. They occur on the genitals or in or around the mouth somewhere between 10-90 days (average three weeks) after exposure.
Question: What causes syphilis?
Answer: Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
Question: How is syphilis treated?
Answer: For those allergic to penicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline or another antibiotic can be given instead. If you are in a later stage of disease, more doses will be needed. To reduce your risk of syphilis infection: Avoid intimate contact with a person you know is infected.
Question: What are symptoms of drug allergy?
Answer: You may have some or all of these symptoms: Hives -- itchy, bumpy, irregular patches on the skin Rash Itchy skin Swollen face, lips, or tongue Wheezing Most drug allergy symptoms start right after you take the drug, but some may take hours, days or weeks to appear.
Question: What are symptoms of anaphylaxis?
Answer: Anaphylaxis is an emergency and is life-threatening. Symptoms include: Trouble breathing or throat feels like its closing Confusion Cramping Dizziness or fainting Hives covering much of the body Irregular heartbeat Shock or unconsciousness If you have any of these symptoms, call 911. Use an epinephrine shot if you have one, and take antihistamines to help slow down the reaction. Even if the reaction goes away, you still need to go to the hospital.
Question: What are the symptoms of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) lung disease?
Answer: Most people with LAM lung disease experience shortness of breath. Other symptoms include wheezing and cough, which may be bloody. Often, people with LAM develop a sudden pneumothorax (collapsed lung). This occurs when one of the cysts near the lung's edge ruptures, allowing inhaled air to compress the lung.
Question: How can an MRI help diagnose Paget's disease?
Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Powerful magnets and radio waves are used to make detailed images of your bones.
Question: How is Paget's disease treated?
Answer: There's no way to fix the changes that have already happened, such as hearing loss or deformed bones, but you can get help with the issues caused by Paget's. Options include: Physical help, like wedges in your shoe, a cane for walking, physical therapy, and other ways to build muscle that can help control pain Medicines like bisphosphonates to prevent bone loss or calcitonin to control calcium level Medicine to help with the pain (acetaminophen like Tylenol or NSAIDs like ibuprofen or Advil) Your doctor may suggest surgery to fix a broken or deformed bone, replace a hip or knee, or treat severe arthritis. Ask your doctor about ways to keep your bones healthy.
Question: How can a bone scan help diagnose Paget's disease?
Answer: This will be done with an X-ray or one of the following: Bone scan: A small amount of a radioactive substance, called a tracer, is put into a vein in your arm. It goes through your bloodstream and into your bones. A special camera takes pictures of your bones and any areas that absorb too much or too little of the tracer can be a sign of a problem with the bone.
Question: How can a CT exam help diagnose Paget's disease?
Answer: CT (computerized tomography) scan: Several X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to make a more complete picture of your bones.
Question: What is Paget's disease?
Answer: But with Paget's disease, this happens too fast and gives your bones an odd shape. They may be bent, weak, brittle, soft, or too big. The new bones also may not fit together as tightly as they should.
Question: How is Paget's disease diagnosed?
Answer: It may cause your bones to break and can lead to other health problems. It can be confused with arthritis, osteoporosis, spinal stenosis, or other changes that come with age. Some people only find out they have it because of an X-ray or blood test taken for a different reason. To see if you have Paget's disease of bone, your doctor will examine you and ask questions about your family history. He'll want pictures taken of your bones, because a bone with Paget's will look larger and thicker than usual. It can look like it didn't grow right.
Question: Which tests may diagnose Paget's disease?
Answer: To see if you have Paget's disease of bone, your doctor will examine you and ask questions about your family history. People who have Paget's often have more of this enzyme than normal, which reflects the bone turnover that is common in Paget's.
Question: Can chronic pain be treated with nonprescription drugs?
Answer: Milder forms of pain may be relieved by over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, and additionally NSAIDs reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Topical pain relievers are also available, such as creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain and inflammation from sore muscles and arthritis.
Question: What is bioelectric therapy?
Answer: Bioelectric therapy relieves pain by blocking pain messages to the brain. Bioelectric therapy also prompts the body to produce chemicals called endorphins that decrease or eliminate painful sensations by blocking the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.
Question: How is patient-controlled analgesia used to manage chronic pain?
Answer: Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is another method of pain control. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient is able to self-administer a premeasured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain.
Question: How can acupuncture help chronic pain?
Answer: Acupuncture is thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of endorphins, chemicals that block pain. Many acu-points are near nerves. When stimulated, these nerves cause a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins that block the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.
Question: How can herbal remedies help chronic pain?
Answer: It has been difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of herbs, though there are a few, such as white willow bark, devil's claw, cat's claw, ginger, and turmeric, that have some evidence supporting their use. If you decide to use herbal preparations to better manage your pain, tell your doctor: Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health. As mentioned, some herbal therapies can interact with other medications you may be taking.
Question: What are the two types of surgical implants that help chronic pain?
Answer: When they are used, which is rare, there are two main types of implants to control pain: Intrathecal Drug Delivery. Also called infusion pain pumps or spinal drug delivery systems. In spinal cord stimulation, low-level electrical signals are transmitted to the spinal cord or to specific nerves to block pain signals from reaching the brain. Two kinds of spinal cord stimulation systems are available.
Question: What are dietary approaches to help treat chronic pain?
Answer: Some people believe that changing dietary fat intake and/or eating plant foods that contain anti-inflammatory agents can help ease pain by limiting inflammation. Weight loss achieved by a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from osteoarthritis. Still, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of dietary modifications as a pain treatment.
Question: What happens during a generalized seizure?
Answer: Sometimes these are referred to as grand mal seizures. The person experiencing such a seizure may cry out or make some sound, stiffen for several seconds to a minute and then have rhythmic movements of the arms and legs. Often the rhythmic movements slow before stopping. Eyes are generally open. The person may appear to not be breathing and actually turn blue. This may be followed by a period of deep, noisy breathes. The return to consciousness is gradual and the person may be confused for quite some time -- minutes to hours.
Question: What are symptoms of an anal fissure?
Answer: Symptoms include: A visible tear in your anus Pain during, and even after, bowel movements Small amounts of blood on the surface of stools and toilet paper Burning and itching around the anus Smelly discharge You can easily mistake these symptoms as signs of other conditions, such as hemorrhoids.
Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about anal fissures?
Answer: Once your doctor diagnoses an anal fissure, ask her these important questions: Can I expect this fissure to heal on its own? How can I treat an anal fissure at home? Do I need medication? Do I need to make changes to my diet? How long should it take for the fissure to heal? Am I likely to get more anal fissures? Will I need surgery? What are the risks of surgery?
Question: How do doctors diagnose anal fissures?
Answer: In most cases, discussing your symptoms can give your doctor enough information to diagnose an anal fissure. If you've had any of the symptoms, be sure to tell her: When you have pain, burning, or itching How bad your discomfort is How long the pain and discomfort usually lasts What type of bleeding you've seen What, if anything, improves your symptoms Your doctor may ask you about your diet, bowel habits, and if you have any other medical conditions or intestinal problems.
Question: Will I need a rectal exam to diagnose an anal fissure?
Answer: An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of your anus or anal canal. Your doctor may look at the area for a fissure.
Question: Can coronary heart disease cause heart failure in women?
Answer: Fat-clogged arteries are less likely to be a main cause for heart failure in women than in men. At the same time, women are more likely to have heart failure, a stroke, or die within 5 years after a heart attack than men.
Question: Is high blood pressure a risk for heart failure in women?
Answer: You typically get heart failure because of a health issue that weakens, damages, or stiffens your heart. That includes heart attacks, faulty heart valves, and infections. But the causes of heart failure in women and men can vary: High blood pressure . This doubles or triples your chance of getting heart failure. But high blood pressure is much more common in women who have heart failure than in men.
Question: Are women more likely than men to get heart failure?
Answer: As with other types of heart problems, women and men can get heart failure for different reasons, and it can affect them differently. Fat-clogged arteries are less likely to be a main cause for heart failure in women than in men. Women who get heart failure sometimes respond differently to treatments than men, and the condition can affect them differently: Women tend to get heart failure at an older age.
Question: Can pregnancy cause heart failure in women?
Answer: About 3 million women in the U. S. have it. If they do, they're likely to have it again with future pregnancies, especially if they're over 35, African- American, or have pregnancy-related diabetes.
Question: What medications and therapies might work better for heart failure in women?
Answer: As with other types of heart problems, women and men can get heart failure for different reasons, and it can affect them differently. They are sometimes used to treat high blood pressure. Aldosterone antagonists. They help the body get rid of water. Pacemakers. These devices control your heartbeat.
Question: What are the treatments for antisperm antibodies?
Answer: They can make it harder for couples to have a baby. But it's rare for antibodies by themselves to make it impossible to get pregnant. Less commonly, your doctor may check your cervical mucus for antisperm antibodies. That could lead to fewer antibodies and raise the chances that your female partner could get pregnant. For women, one treatment that's shown to help your chances of getting pregnant is intrauterine insemination.
Question: What causes antisperm antibodies?
Answer: It happens when the immune system mistakenly targets sperm in a man's semen as an invader and damages or kills it. This can also happen after a testicle surgery like a vasectomy. Women's bodies can make antisperm antibodies if they have an allergic reaction to semen. Antibodies in a woman's vagina kill the sperm. That's rare, and doctors don't know exactly why it happens.
Question: What are antisperm antibodies?
Answer: Like the name says, antisperm antibodies fight sperm. Both men and women can make them. They can make it harder for couples to have a baby. But it's rare for antibodies by themselves to make it impossible to get pregnant. In men, an infection in their prostate or an injury to their testicles can set off an immune response when the sperm comes in contact with blood. This allows the sperm to avoid contact with antisperm antibodies in your cervical mucus.
Question: What is obesity and how can it lead to heart failure?
Answer: More than one-third of Americans are obese. That means the ratio of their weight to their height, known as body mass index or BMI, is 30 or higher. Extra weight puts more strain on your heart. Being obese also makes you more likely to have diseases linked to heart failure, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or sleep apnea.