anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What procedures are done to treat diabetic macular edema?
Answer: These drugs include: Avastin (bevacizumab) Eylea (aflibercept) Iluvien (fluocinolone acetonide) Lucentis (ranibizumab) Macugen (pegaptanib) In severe cases, you may also have laser photocoagulation. A doctor will use a tiny laser on your eye to seal leaking blood vessels. You may need more than one treatment to control the problem. It's usually not painful, but you may have slight stinging feeling when the laser touches you. Sometimes steroid injections may help. Another treatment is a surgery called vitrectomy. This is usually done because of bleeding (not macular edema), and doctors take out the fluid that is clouding your vision and replace it with a clear solution.
Question: What drugs are used to treat diabetic macular edema?
Answer: To treat diabetic macular edema, doctors may use drugs that are injected into your eyes to help stop leaking, and to slow the growth of new blood vessels. These drugs include: Avastin (bevacizumab) Eylea (aflibercept) Iluvien (fluocinolone acetonide) Lucentis (ranibizumab) Macugen (pegaptanib) In severe cases, you may also have laser photocoagulation.
Question: What questions will your doctor ask before diagnosing diabetic macular edema?
Answer: Before any testing, your doctor may ask you questions: Have you noticed changes in your vision? If so, what kind? Have you been diagnosed with diabetes? If so, when? Does anyone in your family have it? How have your blood sugar and A1c levels been lately? Do you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol? Do you have any other medical conditions?
Question: What eye exams are used to diagnose diabetic macular edema?
Answer: You will need a thorough eye exam, which usually includes: A visual acuity test. It checks how well you see at different distances. A dilated eye exam. Your doctor will use drops to widen your pupils and look at the inside of your eyes. He'll look for signs of disease, including damaged or leaking blood vessels, swelling, and fatty deposits on the retina.
Question: Where can you get support for diabetic macular edema?
Answer: For more information about the eye conditions related to diabetes, go to the web site of the American Diabetes Association. They have links that can help you get the support you need.
Question: What is diabetic macular edema?
Answer: High blood sugar can lead to other conditions, like eye problems. The most common one is diabetic macular edema. It's serious and can rob you of your vision. Have you been diagnosed with diabetes?
Question: How are corticosteroids injected into the body to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Corticosteroids can sometimes be injected directly into joints affected by RA. This is a good way to get the benefits of the drug with fewer side effects.
Question: How do corticosteroids treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: For RA, their benefit is that they suppress the overactive immune system, which curbs symptoms. Corticosteroids act throughout the body, not just on the immune system. So they're best used for a short time to control flares. This helps you avoid their side effects.
Question: What are the drawbacks of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain?
Answer: NSAIDs include: Celecoxib ( Celebrex) Diclofenac ( Cataflam, Voltaren) Etodolac ( Lodine) Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Indomethacin ( Indocin) Meloxicam ( Mobic) Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) NSAIDS have been linked to increased risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly in higher doses. Another drawback is that these drugs can upset your stomach or cause ulcers or bleeding in the stomach or intestines. Celecoxib is less likely to cause ulcers and stomach or intestinal bleeding. If you have kidney failure or heart failure, your doctor will keep a close watch on how you're doing if you take NSAIDs.
Question: What are the main types of medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: There are many medications you and your doctor could consider using to treat your RA pain. The main type are NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They manage pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Question: How do corticosteroids treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain?
Answer: These are often called steroids. They're powerful drugs that tame inflammation. They're different from âanabolicâ steroids that build up muscles. For RA, their benefit is that they suppress the overactive immune system, which curbs symptoms.
Question: How long will I need to take corticosteroids to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If you have severe rheumatoid arthritis, you may need to take steroids for a long time. Your doctor will watch out for potential side effects, such as being more likely to get an infection, higher blood sugar, or bone thinning.
Question: How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: There are many medications you and your doctor could consider using to treat your RA pain. The main type are NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They manage pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Question: How does acetaminophen treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain?
Answer: This is in many prescription and over-the-counter medicines, including Tylenol. When taken as directed, it has few side effects in most people. One exception is people with liver disease, who can take acetaminophen only if their doctor watches their health closely.
Question: Are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis associated with side effects?
Answer: NSAIDs include: Celecoxib ( Celebrex) Diclofenac ( Cataflam, Voltaren) Etodolac ( Lodine) Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Indomethacin ( Indocin) Meloxicam ( Mobic) Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) NSAIDS have been linked to increased risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly in higher doses. Another drawback is that these drugs can upset your stomach or cause ulcers or bleeding in the stomach or intestines. Celecoxib is less likely to cause ulcers and stomach or intestinal bleeding. If you have kidney failure or heart failure, your doctor will keep a close watch on how you're doing if you take NSAIDs.
Question: What are corticosteroids?
Answer: They're different from âanabolicâ steroids that build up muscles.
Question: How long does someone with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) need to take steroids for their pain?
Answer: Corticosteroids act throughout the body, not just on the immune system. So they're best used for a short time to control flares. This helps you avoid their side effects. If you have severe rheumatoid arthritis, you may need to take steroids for a long time. Your doctor will watch out for potential side effects, such as being more likely to get an infection, higher blood sugar, or bone thinning. Corticosteroids can sometimes be injected directly into joints affected by RA. This is a good way to get the benefits of the drug with fewer side effects.
Question: How is acetaminophen used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: One exception is people with liver disease, who can take acetaminophen only if their doctor watches their health closely. This is a good way to get the benefits of the drug with fewer side effects.
Question: How do you know if your rheumatoid arthritis (RA) doctor is right for you?
Answer: You'll want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in arthritis and other joint and muscle problems. He should respond to your needs and take the time to find the best treatment plan for you. He should be willing to make changes to your treatment if you don't feel better, and to refer you to other health pros, such as physical therapists and occupational therapists, if you need them.
Question: Should I ask my doctor if I'm on the right medicine for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: If they used to work and don't seem to help anymore, it may be time for a change. Some "disease-modifying" drugs may not work as well after a while. Your doctor may recommend a different prescription or add another type of drug, such as a biologic, to your treatment.
Question: How can I determine if my rheumatoid arthritis doctor is a good fit for me?
Answer: You'll want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in arthritis and other joint and muscle problems. He should respond to your needs and take the time to find the best treatment plan for you. He should be willing to make changes to your treatment if you don't feel better, and to refer you to other health pros, such as physical therapists and occupational therapists, if you need them.
Question: Should I keep up my regular checkups for rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Some RA drugs affect your immune system -- your body's defense against germs. This helps slow down the disease, but it can make infections more likely, as well as liver and kidney problems. Make sure you see your doctor for regular blood tests.
Question: How do you know if you're taking the right medicines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: If they used to work and don't seem to help anymore, it may be time for a change. Some "disease-modifying" drugs may not work as well after a while. Your doctor may recommend a different prescription or add another type of drug, such as a biologic, to your treatment.
Question: How often should you get checkups for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Some RA drugs affect your immune system -- your body's defense against germs. This helps slow down the disease, but it can make infections more likely, as well as liver and kidney problems. Make sure you see your doctor for regular blood tests. They help him figure out if you need to tweak your treatment.
Question: How should you take your rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medications?
Answer: It's important to keep a regular schedule for your meds. Take them at the same time each day. They work better if you keep a constant level of medicine in your body. Don't skip a dose because that can trigger a flare. Keep in mind that some medicines, like methotrexate, can take weeks or months to fully kick in. Try to be patient and give your meds a chance to work. If you get an upset stomach or other side effects, call your doctor. They can suggest things you can do to feel better.
Question: Can alternative remedies help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Answer: Studies show that meditation and biofeedback can ease pain for some people and help them handle it better. Massage may help with stress, cut stiffness, and make your joints hurt less. Research shows that acupuncture can be helpful for other conditions, but it's not been well-studied for RA. These may not work for everyone, and it's a good idea to talk to your doctor first, especially if you want to take any herbs or supplements, because some could affect your medications.
Question: Should I take my rheumatoid arthritis medications on time?
Answer: It's important to keep a regular schedule for your meds. Take them at the same time each day. They work better if you keep a constant level of medicine in your body. Don't skip a dose because that can trigger a flare. Keep in mind that some medicines, like methotrexate, can take weeks or months to fully kick in. Try to be patient and give your meds a chance to work. If you get an upset stomach or other side effects, call your doctor. They can suggest things you can do to feel better.
Question: How much sleep should I get daily if I have atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: About half of people with AFib don't sleep well because their breathing stops over and over again during the night -- a condition called sleep apnea. If you snore or feel like you never get a good night's rest, see your doctor for a diagnosis.
Question: Am I able to exercise with atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: You can still exercise when you have AFib. Staying active will help control your weight, improve your sleep, and make your heart stronger. See your doctor before you start any new fitness program to make sure the activity is safe for you.
Question: I have atrial fibrillation (AFib), how can I manage my stress?
Answer: Stress can trigger AFib episodes. When you feel anxious, try relaxation techniques such as these: Deep breathing Exercise Massage Meditation Yoga If your stress feels overwhelming, see a therapist or seek out a support group for help.
Question: How much weight should I lose if I have atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: To manage your condition, try to lose at least 10% of your body weight with diet and exercise if your doctor or dietician has told you that you're obese.
Question: Can I stay active and energetic with atrial fibrillation (Afib)?
Answer: But with the right treatment and some lifestyle changes, you can stay active and energetic. Symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and a fast heartbeat can make it harder to get around and do your daily activities. You might have to adjust your routine because of your symptoms or the medicine you take to treat them.
Question: What are some diet tips for people with atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Answer: Here are a few simple changes you can make and good habits you can practice to protect your heart and help you feel your best: A diet heavy on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein is always a good idea. Here are a few other diet tips for people who have AFib: Go to a healthier-fat, low-salt diet. Avoid saturated fat, trans fat, and salt to help control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. This will also protect your blood vessels. Limit caffeine. Watch how much soda, coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate you have. These can make your heart race. Cut back on alcohol. A drink or two might be safe with your doctor's OK. But large amounts can set off bouts of AFib. If you take blood thinners, alcohol could make you bleed too much. Regular amounts of vitamin K. People who take the blood thinner warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven) need to be careful about eating foods that are high in vitamin K such as broccoli, spinach, or lettuce.
Question: I have atrial fibrillation (AFib), what should I do if my heart goes out of rhythm during a workout?
Answer: Ask your doctor how to handle your AFib during exercise. If your heart goes out of rhythm during a workout, stop and rest.
Question: Can I change the dose or stop taking my atrial fibrillation (AFib) medication?
Answer: You might have to adjust your routine because of your symptoms or the medicine you take to treat them. Staying active will help control your weight, improve your sleep, and make your heart stronger. Don't change the dose or stop taking it without first asking your doctor.
Question: What should I ask my doctor after I've been diagnosed with osteoporosis?
Answer: Are there ways to keep osteoporosis from worsening? Can medications taken for other illnesses cause bone loss? How can I prevent fractures? How frequently should I have a bone density test? How much calcium and vitamin D do I need every day, and how can I get enough of these nutrients? How much exercise do I need to boost bone strength, and which exercises do you recommend? Is hormone replacement therapy safe for preventing osteoporosis? What osteoporosis medications are available that prevent bone loss? What are some other lifestyle changes I should make now to keep my bones strong? What does my T-score mean?
Question: How do you prepare for a photorefractive keratectomy on the day of surgery?
Answer: If you wear contacts, you'll need to stop for a while before the evaluation: Gas permeable: 3 weeks Other types: 3 days On the day of surgery, eat a light meal before going in, and take all of your prescribed medications. Don't wear eye makeup or bulky hair accessories that will make it hard to place your head under the laser. If you don't feel well that morning, call the doctor's office to find out if the procedure needs to be postponed.
Question: How do I prepare for a photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: First you'll meet with an eye surgeon or a coordinator who to talk about what you should expect during and after surgery. She'll discuss your medical history and check your eyes. Likely tests include: Corneal thickness measure Refraction Corneal mapping Eye pressure check After that, your surgeon will answer any questions you have. Then you'll schedule your surgery.
Question: What happens after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: Your vision may switch from clear to blurry for the first few weeks. Until it evens out, you might need glasses to read or drive at night. Your eyes will be dry, even if they don't feel that way. The doctor will prescribe eyedrops to prevent infection and keep your eyes moist. They might sting or blur your vision for a few seconds. Don't use any drops your doctor hasn't approved.
Question: How do I prepare for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: First you'll meet with an eye surgeon or a coordinator who to talk about what you should expect during and after surgery. She'll discuss your medical history and check your eyes.
Question: How do I prepare for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery if I wear contacts?
Answer: If you wear contacts, you'll need to stop for a while before the evaluation: Gas permeable: 3 weeks Other types: 3 days On the day of surgery, eat a light meal before going in, and take all of your prescribed medications.
Question: What happens during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: All laser vision correction surgeries work by reshaping your cornea, the clear front part of your eye. Think of it like a windshield -- light travels through it just and focuses on the retina in the back of your eye. During PRK, an eye surgeon uses a cool pulsing beam of ultraviolet light on the surface of your cornea. LASIK, another type of laser surgery, works underneath your cornea.
Question: What are the disadvantages of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: It isn't a walk in the park. You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure. A longer recovery time. People who get LASIK notice improvements in less than a month. With PRK it can take 1 to3 months. A need for glasses.
Question: What happens during a photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: The doctor will numb your eye with a medicine he'll call a topical anesthetic. The surgery usually takes about 10 minutes, at most -- and that's for both eyes. She'll carefully remove an area of surface epithelium, or âskin,â to get to the top layer of your eye. Then she'll use a laser to reshape it. This laser, which delivers ultraviolet light, is used on the cornea's surface.
Question: What is photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: Also known as PRK, this type of laser eye surgery can help if you are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism. It works best if your eye problem is mild or moderate. All laser vision correction surgeries work by reshaping your cornea, the clear front part of your eye. Think of it like a windshield -- light travels through it just and focuses on the retina in the back of your eye. During PRK, an eye surgeon uses a cool pulsing beam of ultraviolet light on the surface of your cornea.
Question: What are the cons of photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure.
Question: What does a surgeon use during a photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: During PRK, an eye surgeon uses a cool pulsing beam of ultraviolet light on the surface of your cornea.
Question: How do you prepare for a photorefractive keratectomy if you wear contacts?
Answer: If you wear contacts, you'll need to stop for a while before the evaluation: Gas permeable: 3 weeks Other types: 3 days On the day of surgery, eat a light meal before going in, and take all of your prescribed medications.
Question: Will I still need reading glasses after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: Probably so. That's because presbyopia (blurred reading vision but great distance vision) happens to almost everyone in their 40s. Reading glasses solve the problem. So does a process called monovision, where one eye focuses up close and the other focuses far away. You can get it with contacts or through laser refractive surgery, like LASIK or PRK. Ask your doctor if it's right for you.
Question: What are the pros of photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: Think of it like a windshield -- light travels through it just and focuses on the retina in the back of your eye. Most of the time, the doctor will apply a bandage contact lens after surgery.
Question: What are the side effects of photorefractive keratectomy?
Answer: You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure. Within the first 6 months you might also notice that you need eyeglasses for improved vision. You should be ready to drive within 1 to 3 weeks.
Question: What are the side effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?
Answer: You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure. You should be ready to drive within 1 to 3 weeks. But you probably won't see your best for 6 weeks to 6 months.
Question: What age and racial groups are at higher risk for testicular cancer?
Answer: Men in their 20s and early 30s make up about half of all cases. Also, white men are as much as five times more likely than African- American or Asian- American men to develop testicular cancer. Being in the higher-risk groups does not mean you will get cancer. And you may not have any of these risk factors and could still develop it.
Question: How is a biopsy done to test for testicular cancer?
Answer: Biopsy: In a few cases, doctors will perform surgery to remove a small piece of the tumor and check it for cancer. That's called a biopsy, and you usually get the result quickly. It's rarely done because there's a chance the procedure could cause the cancer to spread. If your doctor finds a tumor, he'll do more tests to make sure cancer hasn't spread. Those tests might include X-rays or other types of scans.
Question: How is an ultrasound used to detect testicular cancer?
Answer: They include: An ultrasound: It uses sound waves to paint a picture of the testicles inside the scrotum. It's like the tests given to pregnant women to view a developing fetus. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless.
Question: How is a blood test used to detect testicular cancer?
Answer: Blood test: In many cases, testicular cancers create proteins or enzymes that can be found in the blood. If they are elevated, it may help doctors determine which type of cancer you have or whether it has spread.
Question: What is the cordlike structure on top and in back of the testicle?
Answer: As you feel the testicle, you may notice a cordlike structure on top and in back of the testicle. This is called âthe epididymis.â It is about an inch long and is sensitive but should not be painful to touch. Do not mistake this for a lump.
Question: How is an ultrasound used to diagnose testicular cancer?
Answer: They include: An ultrasound: It uses sound waves to paint a picture of the testicles inside the scrotum. It's like the tests given to pregnant women to view a developing fetus. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless. When you do this test, you usually lie on your back on an exam table. A technician spreads a clear gel over your scrotum that may feel a bit cool, then moves an ultrasound device over your scrotum.
Question: How is a biopsy used to diagnose testicular cancer?
Answer: Biopsy: In a few cases, doctors will perform surgery to remove a small piece of the tumor and check it for cancer. That's called a biopsy, and you usually get the result quickly. It's rarely done because there's a chance the procedure could cause the cancer to spread. If your doctor finds a tumor, he'll do more tests to make sure cancer hasn't spread. Those tests might include X-rays or other types of scans.
Question: How does a doctor get the blood for a testicular cancer blood test?
Answer: To get the blood, a doctor's aide will insert a thin needle into your arm to pull it out. You usually just feel a small prick.