anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What disorders can cause heterochromia?
Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.
Question: How can certain medicines cause heterochromia?
Answer: Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color.
Question: What causes heterochromia?
Answer: Some things that can cause heterochromia include: Eye trauma -- from being hit in the eye, for instance -- is one reason your eye might change color. More than 80% of eye injuries are caused by projects around the house, sports, or other recreational activities. Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that. Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color. Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes. Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.
Question: What should parent do if they have a baby with different colored eyes?
Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).
Question: How can neuroblastoma cause heterochromia?
Answer: Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes.
Question: What problems does heterochromia iridis cause?
Answer: In rare cases, though, it can be a symptom of something else. It could be a health problem or a condition a person was born with. It's common in some animals but rare in humans. It affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene.
Question: What should you do if an over-the-counter drug you're taking is recalled?
Answer: If the recall involves an over-the-counter drug, stop taking it at once. You can return the product to the place of purchase and ask for a refund -- stores generally have return and refund policies when a recall has been issued. Your doctor or pharmacist can recommend an alternative medicine to use during the recall. Manufacturers will also have a hotline number to contact for more information.
Question: What things can lead to a drug recall?
Answer: Is mislabeled or packaged poorly.
Question: What goes into a drug recall?
Answer: Medicine is rigorously tested for safety and effectiveness before becoming available to the consumer. In the U. S., the FDA makes sure this happens. Once on the market, the FDA, along with the makers of the drug, continue to monitor the medicine for any unforeseen problems. Should an issue develop, or the safety of a medication come into question, a recall may be initiated.
Question: What should you do if a prescription drug you're taking is recalled?
Answer: If the recall involves a prescription drug, call your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible to find out what replacement is needed. To find out more about drug recalls, visit the FDA web site. Safely discard recalled drugs. Most drugs can be safely disposed of in the trash after mixing it with a substance like coffee grounds or kitty litter and then sealing it in a container or plastic bag. If you have taken a drug that has been recalled and have any unusual symptoms that you suspect may be linked to the medicine, call your doctor immediately.
Question: If I have Crohn's disease, should I talk to my doctor before taking vitamin supplements?
Answer: Don't make the supplements decision by yourself. Talk to your doctor first. While they can help you be better nourished, some can affect the way your Crohn's drugs work or make your symptoms worse. Your doctor may want to test your levels of iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals. What you need may also depend on where the damage is in your intestines. Together, you can decide which supplements could help you feel better.
Question: Can vitamins help during a Crohn's disease flare-up?
Answer: During flares of your Crohn's disease, you may not be able to eat much healthy food. That means your body won't be getting enough healthy nutrition. And your doctor can tell you which ones you need, based on how Crohn's affects your body and which drugs you take. It's hard to absorb carbohydrates, fats, water, and vitamins and minerals.
Question: If I have Crohn's disease, should I eat foods that are high in vitamins or take supplements?
Answer: During flares of your Crohn's disease, you may not be able to eat much healthy food. If your body can't digest milk or milk products, you're even more likely to be short on calcium. Food sources of potassium Dairy: Cheese, soymilk, yogurt Fruits: Apple, apricot, banana, cantaloupe, prunes, raisins Beef: Sirloin Fish, seafood, and poultry: Chicken, salmon, tuna, Oil: Canola, corn, olive Veggies: Acorn squash, asparagus broccoli, kidney beans, potato, soy beans, spinach, tomato Food sources of magnesium Dairy: Part skim mozzarella, soymilk, yogurt Fruits: Apple, banana, raisins Nuts: Almonds, cashews, peanuts, peanut butter Beef: Ground beef Fish, seafood, and poultry: Chicken, halibut, salmon Dairy: Milk, yogurt Veggies: Avocado, black beans, broccoli, carrots, edamame, kidney beans, potato, spinach Food sources of zinc Beef and pork: Beef chuck roast, pork chop Dairy: Cheddar cheese, mozzarella cheese, low-fat or nonfat milk, Swiss cheese, yogurt Fish, seafood, and poultry: crab, dark meat chicken, flounder, lobster, oysters, sole Nuts: Almonds, cashews Veggies: Baked beans, chickpeas, green peas, kidney beans Almost any diet expert will tell you it's better to get vitamins and minerals from foods than from a pill. Certain healthy foods, like high-fiber nuts and seeds, may trigger symptoms. Crohn's -- especially when it's active -- can make your body work harder, too. So you may need more calories and nutrients than other people. In these cases, supplements can help fill the gaps.
Question: Why might I be malnourished if I have Crohn's disease?
Answer: It's hard to absorb carbohydrates, fats, water, and vitamins and minerals. Surgery for Crohn's can also cause this problem if too much of your small intestine is removed. You don't want to eat. This can happen because of pain, diarrhea, anxiety, and changes in taste. You take prescription medication for Crohn's. Some drugs make it harder to absorb nutrients. You're bleeding inside your body. This could lower your iron levels and lead to anemia. But if you have Crohn's disease, damage to parts of your intestines makes it harder to absorb or get enough of the nutrients you need.
Question: If I have Crohn's disease, what are some nutrients that I may be missing?
Answer: It's hard to absorb carbohydrates, fats, water, and vitamins and minerals. The damage to your intestines can cause blood loss over time. This could lower your iron levels and lead to anemia. With Crohn's, you're more likely to have lower levels of: If you have inflammation or have had surgery in the lower part of your small intestine, you may not absorb enough of this. Food sources of vitamin B12 Beef: Beef liver, ground beef, top sirloin Dairy: Cheese, low-fat milk, yogurt, Fish and seafood: Clams, haddock, salmon, trout, tuna Poultry: Chicken Some Crohn's drugs, like methotrexate and sulfasalazine, lower your body's levels of folic acid. Your doctor may have you take a folate supplement. Your doctor may tell you to take supplements to keep your bones strong and prevent other problems. Food sources of calcium: Dairy: Cheese, cottage cheese, ice cream, milk, sour cream, yogurt Fish: Salmon, sardines Veggies: Bok choy, broccoli, kale, turnip greens It helps your body absorb calcium for strong bones, but people with Crohn's disease often don't have enough. Your doctor may tell you to take a daily supplement. In either case, your doctor may tell you to take iron tablets, liquid, or infusions. Your doctor may want to test your levels of iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals.
Question: How can someone hear with a cochlear implant?
Answer: It can usually help you know sounds around you, including telephones, doorbells, and alarms. Many people also can pick up on speech in noisy places better than they did with hearing aids, or even enjoy music again.
Question: Who does the cochlear implant work for best?
Answer: The devices work best for children who: Have profound hearing loss in both ears Get limited help from hearing aids Are healthy, with no medical problems that would make surgery risky Are ready to learn how to communicate with a cochlear implant Have support from their parents, teachers, and school programs to help them gain hearing skills Are younger than age 5 Join in intensive speech therapy and programs to teach speaking skills A study found that children who got a cochlear implant before 18 months old had major improvements in their hearing, speaking, and learning. But the devices also can help older children who lose their hearing after they've learned to talk.
Question: How does someone know if a cochlear implant is best for them?
Answer: If you have severe or profound hearing loss, a team of experts at a cochlear implant center can help you decide if the device and surgery will work for you. Typically, these experts include an ear doctor called an otologist, an audiologist, a psychologist, a counselor, and a speech-language pathologist. The team works together to check you, do the surgery, and offer follow-up care.
Question: How does a cochlear implant process sound?
Answer: When there are sounds around you, the microphone and processor pick them up and change them into electrical impulses. Then the transmitter sends these coded signals to the receiver under your skin. Next, the receiver delivers the signals to the electrodes inside your cochlea. These electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve, which carries the signals to the brain, where you recognize them as sound.
Question: What does a cochlear implant look like?
Answer: The devices have two parts. One part, the receiver-stimulator, is placed under your skin through surgery. The other, the speech processor, you wear behind your ear like a hearing aid. The outside part is slightly larger than a normal behind-the-ear hearing aid.
Question: How young can children receive cochlear implants?
Answer: The FDA says children can get the devices starting at age 1. Most kids who are diagnosed with significant hearing loss as babies get them as soon as possible. A cochlear implant in early childhood exposes children to sound during the critical period when they learn speech and language skills.
Question: How is sound affected by cochlear implants?
Answer: Keep some other things in mind, too: If you have some hearing left, sound may seem "mechanical" or "synthetic," although most people no longer notice this after several months.
Question: What happens after surgery for a cochlear implant?
Answer: One to 2 weeks after the procedure, your doctor will fit your speech processor. You wear a microphone, which looks like a hearing aid, behind your ear. The processor may be connected to the microphone and worn at your ear, or you might wear it somewhere else on your body, depending on how active you are, your age, or your lifestyle. These processors offer different programs and telephone options. They also can connect to assistive listening devices and other technology you use, like an i Pod. Some have rechargeable batteries, which can lower costs over time.
Question: What can happen if the cochlear implants get wet?
Answer: When they're damaged, sound can't reach that nerve. You need to take off the speech processor before you bathe, shower, or swim. You also can cover that part with a waterproof case or choose a waterproof cochlear implant processor. Rarely, the implant may stop working, and you'd need surgery to fix the problem.
Question: What are the disadvantages and risks of cochlear implants?
Answer: It's for children and adults with sensorineural hearing loss. It can be life-changing if you have a serious hearing problem. Other possible complications include: A nerve injury that changes your sense of taste Nerve damage that causes weakness or paralysis in your face Dizziness or balance problems Loss of the hearing you have left Ringing in your ears, called tinnitus Leaks of the fluid around the brain The device doesn't work or gets infected, which may mean you'll have to remove and replace the implant. The American Speech- Language- Hearing Association says the device is best for adults who have: Severe to profound hearing loss in both ears Hearing loss after they've already learned speech and language Limited help from hearing aids No medical problems that would make surgery risky A strong desire to hear better A good understanding of what the device will -- and won't -- do for them Also, cochlear implants work better for people who have lost their hearing recently, as well as those who've already used a hearing aid successfully. If you have severe or profound hearing loss, a team of experts at a cochlear implant center can help you decide if the device and surgery will work for you.
Question: What are the symptoms of desmoid tumors?
Answer: The tumor also may be called one of the following: Aggressive fibromatosis Deep fibromatosis Desmoid fibromatosis Familial infiltrative fibromatosis Hereditary desmoid disease Musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis Signs of a desmoid tumor depend on where it is. If it's close to the surface of your skin, you may have a painless or slightly painful lump. If it's in your abdomen, it may be more aggressive. It can press against blood vessels and nerves and cause pain, a limp, or problems using your legs, feet, arms, or hands. It also can block your colon or grow into nearby tissues. When this happens, you may have severe pain, bleeding from your rectum, and other health problems.
Question: When should I seek help for managing my stress?
Answer: You should seek help in dealing with your stress when you experience any of the following: Marked decline in work/school performance Excess anxiety Alcohol or drug abuse Inability to cope with demands of daily life Irrational fears Obsessive preoccupation with food and fear of becoming obese with no relationship to actual body weight Significant change in sleeping or eating habits Persistent physical ailments and complaints Suicidal thoughts or urges to hurt others Self-mutilation, self-destructive or dangerous behavior Sustained withdrawn mood or behavior Your personal doctor: He or she can determine if your stress is due to an anxiety disorder, a medical condition, or both and can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary.
Question: Does everyone experience stress?
Answer: Our bodies are designed to feel stress and react to it. It keeps us alert and ready to avoid danger. But, when stress persists, the body begins to break down and illnesses, like headaches and migraines, can occur. The key to coping with stress is identifying stressors in your life, learning ways to reduce stress, and managing stress.
Question: Where do I go to get help managing stress?
Answer: You should seek help in dealing with your stress when you experience any of the following: Marked decline in work/school performance Excess anxiety Alcohol or drug abuse Inability to cope with demands of daily life Irrational fears Obsessive preoccupation with food and fear of becoming obese with no relationship to actual body weight Significant change in sleeping or eating habits Persistent physical ailments and complaints Suicidal thoughts or urges to hurt others Self-mutilation, self-destructive or dangerous behavior Sustained withdrawn mood or behavior Your personal doctor: He or she can determine if your stress is due to an anxiety disorder, a medical condition, or both and can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If an emergency, call a crisis hotline, or go to the nearest emergency room.
Question: How can you cope with stress?
Answer: Emotional warning signs of stress include: Anger Inability to concentrate Unproductive worry Sadness Frequent mood swings Physical warning signs of stress include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Chronic fatigue Weight gain or loss Behavioral warning signs of stress include: Overreacting Acting on impulse Using alcohol or drugs Withdrawing from relationships Changing jobs often Have realistic expectations; accept that there are events you cannot control. Ask others to help or assist you. Take responsibility for the situation. Engage in problem solving. Express distressing emotions. Be assertive instead of aggressive. " Assert" your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, combative, or passive. Maintain emotionally supportive relationships. Maintain emotional composure. Challenge previously held beliefs that are no longer adaptive. Directly attempt to change the source of stress. Distance yourself from the source of stress. Learn to relax. Eat and drink sensibly. Stop smoking or other bad habits. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy sense of self-esteem. Experts agree that coping is a process rather than an event. Thus, an individual may alternate between several of the above coping strategies in order to cope with a stressful event.
Question: What are the emotional warning signs of stress?
Answer: Emotional warning signs of stress include: Anger Inability to concentrate Unproductive worry Sadness Frequent mood swings Physical warning signs of stress include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Chronic fatigue Weight gain or loss Behavioral warning signs of stress include: Overreacting Acting on impulse Using alcohol or drugs Withdrawing from relationships Changing jobs often Have realistic expectations; accept that there are events you cannot control.
Question: What are common causes of stress?
Answer: Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Crowds Heavy traffic Confrontations Marriage Pregnancy Deadlines Legal problems Job loss Moving Accidents Divorce New job Retirement Money problems Illnesses When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress.
Question: Where can you go to get help managing stress?
Answer: You should seek help in dealing with your stress when you experience any of the following: Marked decline in work/school performance Excess anxiety Alcohol or drug abuse Inability to cope with demands of daily life Irrational fears Obsessive preoccupation with food and fear of becoming obese with no relationship to actual body weight Significant change in sleeping or eating habits Persistent physical ailments and complaints Suicidal thoughts or urges to hurt others Self-mutilation, self-destructive or dangerous behavior Sustained withdrawn mood or behavior Your personal doctor: He or she can determine if your stress is due to an anxiety disorder, a medical condition, or both and can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If an emergency, call a crisis hotline, or go to the nearest emergency room.
Question: How can you manage migraines and headaches from stress?
Answer: Our bodies are designed to feel stress and react to it. It keeps us alert and ready to avoid danger. But, when stress persists, the body begins to break down and illnesses, like headaches and migraines, can occur. The key to coping with stress is identifying stressors in your life, learning ways to reduce stress, and managing stress.
Question: How can operating room surgery help treat glaucoma?
Answer: If drops and laser surgery aren't enough to lower your eye pressure, you might have traditional surgery. With this type, your surgeon creates a new drainage channel for your eye fluid. This might be a tiny tube connected to a collection site -- or reservoir -- or a little drainage flap that flows into a pocket tucked into your eyelid.
Question: How can eye drops help with treating glaucoma?
Answer: These are often the first step for glaucoma treatment. The drops come in different types, but all manage eye pressure in two basic ways: They help your eye fluid drain better, or they help your eyes make less of it. In order for them to help your eyes, you'll need to follow your doctor's orders exactly. You'll need to use your drops every day. Make it a part of your daily routine, like after brushing your teeth.
Question: How can an eye pressure check help diagnose glaucoma?
Answer: This will help her find out if the pressure inside your eyes is in the normal range for you. If your doctor suspects glaucoma, she may order special imaging of your optic nerve and a test to check your side vision.
Question: What causes breast density?
Answer: Things that affect your breast density include: Age: Young women tend to have denser breasts than older women. Most women's breasts lose density as they age, though not always. Heredity: If your mother had dense breasts, you probably will, too. Menopause: Most women's breasts become more fatty after they go through menopause. Hormones: Hormone replacement therapy and birth control pills can make breasts more dense. Breastfeeding: Dense breast tissue is involved in milk production. It can make your breasts more dense.
Question: Which women are more like to have dense breasts?
Answer: Women over age 40 are about evenly split between having dense and non-dense breasts, with most falling into one of the middle two categories (scattered or heterogeneous density.) Only about 10% of women have breasts that are either mostly fatty or extremely dense.
Question: How is breast density measured?
Answer: Measuring the density of your breasts is not an exact science. It's a judgment made by your radiologist. Based on what they see on the X-ray, they assign your breasts to one of four categories: Mostly fatty: Breasts have the least amount of fibrous tissue. Scattered areas of density: Most of the breast is fat, but some areas are dense. Heterogeneously dense: Most of the breast is dense tissue with some areas of fat. Extremely dense: The breasts have almost no fatty tissue.
Question: How is an ultrasound used to screen for breast density?
Answer: Ultrasound : Technicians use sound waves to make images of the inside of the breast.
Question: How is a digital breast tomosynthesis used to screen for breast density?
Answer: Digital breast tomosynthesis ( DBT): This is a special kind of mammogram that takes pictures from different angles and puts them together to produce a 3- D image.
Question: What are mammogram challenges of dense breasts?
Answer: Fat appears dark on a mammogram. Everything else looks white. So it can be a challenge to tell the difference between what's normal and what's suspicious. It's easier to miss a trouble spot or to falsely diagnose breast cancer.