anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Your doctor will likely prescribe a TKI such as: Bosutinib ( Bosulif) Dasatinib ( Sprycel) Imatinib ( Gleevec) Nilotinib ( Tasigna) Ponatinib ( Iclusig) Most people get a quick response from these drugs.
Question: What is the first step in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Your doctor will decide on a treatment plan based on the stage of your disease. He'll likely start you off with a type of drug called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI). It blocks a protein called tyrosine kinase, which is made by the BCR- ABL gene and plays a role in the growth of abnormal blood cells.
Question: What is a typical schedule for testing in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: While you take TKIs, you'll get regular blood tests, including: Complete blood counts to check white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets Blood cell exams to check the percentage of abnormal blood cells Cytogenetic analysis, which looks for the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) tests to check for the BCR- ABL gene A typical schedule for testing may look something like this: During the first 3 months, you'll likely have a complete round of blood tests every 2 weeks. At 3 months, you may get a follow-up bone marrow study. After the third month, you'll have blood and bone marrow tests at least once every 6 months until you have a complete cytogenetic response. Once you have a complete cytogenetic and molecular response, you'll get a PCR test every 3-6 months and a cytogenetic analysis once every year.
Question: What are side effects from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that treat chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Some side effects that you might have from a TKI are: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Rash Headache Fatigue Lower blood cell counts Your doctor will set several goals to help him check if your treatment is doing its job.
Question: How effective is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: Your doctor will likely prescribe a TKI such as: Bosutinib ( Bosulif) Dasatinib ( Sprycel) Imatinib ( Gleevec) Nilotinib ( Tasigna) Ponatinib ( Iclusig) Most people get a quick response from these drugs. Your doctor will likely know in 3 to 6 months if your treatment works. You may go into "remission" while you take a TKI. That means that the abnormal gene is no longer in your cells. It doesn't mean that you're cured, but your CML is now under control.
Question: What blood tests will you get if you take  tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: While you take TKIs, you'll get regular blood tests, including: Complete blood counts to check white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets Blood cell exams to check the percentage of abnormal blood cells Cytogenetic analysis, which looks for the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) tests to check for the BCR- ABL gene A typical schedule for testing may look something like this: During the first 3 months, you'll likely have a complete round of blood tests every 2 weeks.
Question: What kind of doctor treats chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Answer: To find the best one for you, you'll work closely with a specialist called a hematologist-oncologist, a doctor with special training in blood diseases such as leukemia. The goal is to destroy cells that contain the BCR- ABL gene, which leads to too many abnormal white blood cells. It doesn't mean that you're cured, but your CML is now under control.
Question: How is obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed?
Answer: You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else. She will also talk with you about your feelings, thoughts, and habits. If your thoughts and habits keep you from doing what you want to do for at least an hour a day, you may have OCD.
Question: What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Answer: Some have both obsessions and compulsions. Certain areas in the brain may not look normal in people with OCD, but more research is needed. There may be a gene or genes linked to OCD, but this is still unknown. You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else.
Question: What should I expect on the 3rd day after my hip replacement surgery?
Answer: 3 Days After Hip Replacement Surgery Walking will likely be easier. You may be able to walk to the bathroom without help. You will be discharged from the hospital if you are doing well. Some people stay longer if they have complications. Depending on your situation, you may go straight home or to a rehab facility, where you'll recover.
Question: What should you expect during your hip replacement surgery?
Answer: Day of Your Hip Replacement Surgery You'll check in several hours before your scheduled surgery. Expect to stay for 3 to 4 days. The procedure will probably last about 2 to 3 hours. Recovery from anesthesia will probably take about 2 hours. Once you're fully awake, you'll go to your hospital room. You will likely stick to a liquid diet for the rest of the day. You will need medication to help with pain and to prevent infection and blood clots.
Question: What does a fibroadenoma feel like?
Answer: Usually, a fibroadenoma won't cause any pain. It will feel like a marble that moves around beneath your skin. You may describe the texture as firm, smooth, or rubbery. In some cases, though, you won't even be able to feel it at all.
Question: How is a fibroadenoma treated if it gets larger?
Answer: If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps. This will help confirm that a lump isn't cancer and that it doesn't grow and distort the surrounding breast tissue.
Question: What does follow-up care for fibroadenoma entail?
Answer: Most women won't need anything beyond routine screening tests. They'll continue to get any breast changes checked out by a doctor. Having a simple fibroadenoma may raise your risk of breast cancer, compared with women without fibroadenomas. But if yours was complex, it might mean a slightly higher risk of breast cancer later on. Unless you have other things that make breast cancer more likely, like close family members with the disease, your odds are still low. Either way, keep up with your regular checkups, and ask your doctor which screening tests you need and when.
Question: Who gets fibroadenomas?
Answer: Fibroadenomas are very common. About 10% of women have one of these breast lumps, often without ever knowing. They most often appear in women between the ages of 15 and 35, or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Some researchers have found that women with a family history of breast cancer are more likely to get fibroadenomas. Most women only have one.
Question: How are fibroadenomas treated if they have been removed in the past?
Answer: If you've had more than one fibroadenoma removed in the past, and tests confirmed that that's what they were, your doctor also may delay removing any new lumps.
Question: How is a fibroadenoma diagnosed?
Answer: If your doctor has told you that you have a fibroadenoma in your breast, don't panic. You can't tell for sure what it is by how it feels. Your doctor will likely feel the lump so he can gauge its texture and size. Even if he thinks it might be a fibroadenoma, he'll recommend that you get more tests to confirm it. You may get an ultrasound or a mammogram, depending on your age and whether you're pregnant. Both are quick scans that you'll get in the doctor's office. A radiologist will then check the images of your breast tissue to see if it's a fibroadenoma or something else. The only way for a doctor to get know for sure that it's a fibroadenoma is through a biopsy, which means taking a sample of the lump to test in a lab. Based on the results of your examination and scan, your doctor will decide whether he needs to get extra confirmation from a biopsy. To do a biopsy, a doctor will insert a thin needle into your breast and pull out a small sample from the lump.
Question: What does a fibroadenoma look like?
Answer: Unlike a breast cancer, which grows larger over time and can spread to other organs, a fibroadenoma remains in the breast tissue. They're pretty small, too. Most are only 1 or 2 centimeters in size. It's very rare for them to get larger than 5 centimeters across. If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps.
Question: What is the treatment for fibroadenoma?
Answer: It's not cancer. If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps.
Question: What's the definition of blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure is the force of the blood against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps it around your body.
Question: How can you manage sound sensitivity caused by migraine?
Answer: To manage sound sensitivity: Avoid concerts, movies, big parties, or other places you know will be loud. Wear noise-canceling headphones or earplugs. Cover your windows with heavy drapes (which will block light, too), and install thick carpet to absorb sounds in your home. Turn on a white noise machine. This gentle sound can drown out louder noises. You might not want to avoid sound entirely. If you surround yourself with silence, you can become even more sensitive, and that could lead to headaches that are more painful.
Question: What are the types of migraine drugs?
Answer: Knowing about these symptoms can help her choose the right way to help you with them. Migraine drugs come in two forms: Preventive agents that are taken on a daily basis to reduce attack frequency. These include antidepressants, beta-blockers, and anti-seizure drugs can sometimes help stop headaches before they start. You might need to take these every day. Acute therapies, like triptans and ergots, can help with the pain once you have a headache. They also can help with sound and light sensitivity. They work best if you take them as soon as possible after your headache starts. You can make a few small changes at home and at work to manage your light and sound triggers.
Question: What high blood pressure drugs are commonly linked to erectile dysfunction?
Answer: High blood pressure by itself can lead to erectile dysfunction.
Question: How can beta-blockers cause erectile dysfunction?
Answer: Beta-blockers dampen the response to nerve impulses that lead to an erection. They also make it more difficult for the arteries in the penis to widen and let in blood. What's more, they can make you feel sedated and depressed -- and the mind always plays some part in sexual arousal.
Question: Can diuretics cause erectile dysfunction?
Answer: High blood pressure by itself can lead to erectile dysfunction. Your body needs zinc to make testosterone.
Question: Can high blood pressure lead to erectile dysfunction?
Answer: That traps blood in the penis. As more blood flows in, the penis expands and stiffens, and you have an erection. They also make it more difficult for the arteries in the penis to widen and let in blood.
Question: How does CPAP help treat central sleep apnea?
Answer: With CPAP, patients wear a mask over their nose and/or mouth. An air blower forces air through the nose and/or mouth. The air pressure is adjusted so that it is just enough to prevent the upper airway tissues from collapsing during sleep. The pressure is constant and continuous. CPAP prevents airway closure while it is being used, but apnea episodes return when CPAP is stopped or is used improperly.
Question: How is central sleep apnea treated?
Answer: Some of these conservative treatments include: Losing weight if necessary, and then maintaining a healthy weight Avoiding the use of alcohol and sleeping pills, as these items make the airway more likely to collapse during sleep Sleeping on your side if you have apneic events when sleeping on your back, possibly using pillows or other devices to keep you in place Using nasal sprays or breathing strips to keep air flowing if you have sinus problems or nasal congestion Avoiding sleep deprivation Another treatment is continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP), which is the preferred initial treatment for most people with obstructive sleep apnea.
Question: What are the symptoms of central sleep apnea?
Answer: Conditions that may be associated with central sleep apnea include the following: Congestive heart failure Hypothyroid Disease Kidney failure Neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) Damage to the brainstem caused by encephalitis, stroke, injury, or other factors The main symptom of CSA is temporary stoppages of breathing while asleep. Although snoring is a very strong symptom of obstructive sleep apnea, snoring is usually not found with central sleep apnea. Symptoms may also include: Being very tired during the day Waking up often during the night Having headaches in the early morning Poor memory and difficulty concentrating Mood problems If you have any of these symptoms of central sleep apnea, or if a family member or bed partner notices that you stop breathing while sleeping, you should talk to your doctor or health care provider.
Question: What is central sleep apnea?
Answer: In CSA, breathing is disrupted regularly during sleep because of the way the brain functions. It is not that you cannot breathe (which is true in obstructive sleep apnea); rather, you do not try to breathe at all. The brain does not tell your muscles to breathe. This type of sleep apnea is usually associated with serious illness, especially an illness in which the lower brainstem -- which controls breathing -- is affected. In infants, central sleep apnea produces pauses in breathing that can last 20 seconds.
Question: What conditions are associated with central sleep apnea?
Answer: Conditions that may be associated with central sleep apnea include the following: Congestive heart failure Hypothyroid Disease Kidney failure Neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) Damage to the brainstem caused by encephalitis, stroke, injury, or other factors The main symptom of CSA is temporary stoppages of breathing while asleep.
Question: How is central sleep apnea diagnosed?
Answer: If your doctor suspects you have central sleep apnea, he is likely to perform a physical exam, take a medical history, and recommend a sleep history. The next step will likely be an overnight sleep study called a polysomnogram. This test is performed in a sleep lab under the direct supervision of a trained technologist. During the test, the following body functions may be monitored: Electrical activity of the brain Eye movements Muscle activity Heart rate Breathing patterns Air flow Blood oxygen levels After the study is completed, the technologist will tally the number of times that breathing is impaired during sleep and then grade the severity of sleep apnea.
Question: What are the effects of sleep apnea?
Answer: Sleep apnea can cause serious health problems. It can increase the risk for stroke, obesity, diabetes, heart attack, heart failure, irregular heartbeat, and high blood pressure. It may also increase the risk for accidents while working or driving, as some people with sleep apnea may fall asleep during those activities.
Question: What are stress response syndromes?
Answer: Other, less common types of mental illnesses include: Stress response syndromes (formerly called adjustment disorders): Stress response syndromes occur when a person develops emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a stressful event or situation. The stressors may include natural disasters, such as an earthquake or tornado; events or crises, such as a car accident or the diagnosis of a major illness; or interpersonal problems, such as a divorce, death of a loved one, loss of a job, or a problem with substance abuse. Stress response syndromes usually begin within three months of the event or situation and ends within six months after the stressor stops or is eliminated.
Question: What are dissociative disorders?
Answer: Dissociative disorders: People with these disorders suffer severe disturbances or changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness of themselves and their surroundings. These disorders usually are associated with overwhelming stress, which may be the result of traumatic events, accidents, or disasters that may be experienced or witnessed by the individual. Dissociative identity disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder, or "split personality," and depersonalization disorder are examples of dissociative disorders.
Question: What are tic disorders?
Answer: Tic disorders: People with tic disorders make sounds or display nonpurposeful body movements that are repeated, quick, sudden, and/or uncontrollable. ( Sounds that are made involuntarily are called vocal tics.) Tourette's syndrome is an example of a tic disorder.
Question: When can patellofemoral pain syndrome happen?
Answer: The pain might start because you've suddenly started to exercise more, such as going from working out 3 days a week to 6. Or maybe you've made your workouts more intense. Other things that might bring on patellofemoral pain syndrome: Poor exercise technique The wrong equipment, such as shoes Changing your exercise surface; for instance, running on streets after you've been running on a track Patellofemoral pain syndrome also may come from an alignment problem in how your knee works.
Question: What movements might hurt your kneecap and cause patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Answer: If you have this condition, you might hurt when you: Go up or down stairs Kneel or squat Sit with your knees bent for a long time, such as during a movie or plane ride You might also hear popping or crackling in your knees when you climb stairs or get up after you've been sitting a long time.
Question: When can your kneecap get fractured?
Answer: Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap.
Question: What are signs that you've dislocated your kneecap?
Answer: Signs that you've dislocated your kneecap include: The joint looks out of place, though it might move back on its own A popping sound or feeling Severe pain You can't straighten your leg or walk Sudden swelling Your knee also might dislocate without an injury because there's a problem with the structure.
Question: What is patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Answer: Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap. Sometimes it's called ârunner's kneeâ or a âtrackingâ problem.
Question: What are symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated?
Answer: Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap.
Question: What are the symptoms of a broken kneecap?
Answer: Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap.
Question: What is patellar tracking disorder?
Answer: The kneecap, or patella, is the bone that covers your knee. Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap. Tracking problems could come from overall alignment issues between your leg and hip. Weak thigh muscles can also be part of the problem.
Question: What is kneecap?
Answer: It helps give the joint strength and structure, which allows your legs to bend and turn safely. Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap.
Question: What are the blood sugar goals for people with diabetes?
Answer: The American Diabetes Association's goals for blood sugar control in people with diabetes are 70 to 130 mg/d L before meals, and less than 180 mg/d L after meals.
Question: What are normal blood sugar levels?
Answer: They're less than 100 mg/d L after not eating (fasting) for at least 8 hours. And they're less than 140 mg/d L 2 hours after eating. During the day, levels tend to be at their lowest just before meals. For most people without diabetes, blood sugar levels before meals hover around 70 to 80 mg/d L. For some people, 60 is normal; for others, 90.
Question: How many people have prediabetes in the U.S. and what are its risks?
Answer: According to the American Diabetes Association, 86 million people in the U. S. have this condition, which can lead to diabetes if you don't make healthy lifestyle changes that your doctor recommends. It also raises the risk for heart disease, although not as much as diabetes does. It's possible to keep prediabetes from becoming diabetes with diet and exercise.
Question: Can high blood sugar be bad for you?
Answer: When you have diabetes, your blood sugar (aka blood glucose) levels may be consistently high. Over time, this can damage your body and lead to many other problems.