anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How does cryosurgery treat cervical cancer?
Answer: Your doctor uses a gas called liquid nitrogen to freeze the abnormal cancer cells on your cervix. An âice ballâ forms, and the bad cells die. Your doctor can perform this procedure in his office or clinic.
Question: How are hysterectomies performed?
Answer: Surgeons perform hysterectomies in one of three ways: through a cut in the abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy); through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy); or with the help of robotic instruments (laparoscopic hysterectomy).
Question: What is the recovery time for radical hysterectomy?
Answer: Full recovery time is 4 to 6 weeks. Call your doctor right away if you have excessive bleeding, trouble peeing, or believe your wound is infected.
Question: How long does pelvic exenteration recovery take?
Answer: Recovery from pelvic exenteration can take 6 months or more.
Question: What does hysterectomy for cervical cancer consist of?
Answer: In this procedure, a surgeon removes your uterus and cervix. Your other reproductive organs -- your ovaries and fallopian tubes -- are left in place, unless there's a medical reason they should be removed, too.
Question: What does the type of cervical cancer treatment depend on?
Answer: Which one he recommends will depend on what type of cervical cancer you have, your age, and whether or not you might want to have children in the future. It will also depend on whether, or how far, the cancer has spread. If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option.
Question: What does trachelectomy for cervical cancer consist of?
Answer: If you want to be able to have kids later, it may be the only treatment he recommends. The surgeon removes your cervix and the top part of your vagina, but he leaves your uterus intact. He places a stitch, or a band, where your cervix had been. This opening leads to your uterus. He may also remove the lymph nodes near your cervix or uterus. He'll perform this surgery either through your vagina or through a cut in your abdomen.
Question: What is conization for cervical cancer?
Answer: Your doctor may do this before he recommends chemotherapy or radiation. Your doctor uses a surgical or laser knife to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from your cervix. He may also use a thin wire heated by electricity. You may have to have a catheter.
Question: Who are the best candidates for a tummy tuck?
Answer: A tummy tuck is suitable for men and women who are in good health. Women who have had several pregnancies may find the procedure useful for tightening their abdominal muscles and reducing skin. A tummy tuck is also an option for men or women who were once obese and still have excess fat deposits or loose skin around the belly.
Question: Can you diet before getting a tummy tuck?
Answer: Don't try a drastic diet before the surgery. Eat well-balanced, complete meals. A healthy diet may help you heal better.
Question: Can you take medication before getting a tummy tuck?
Answer: Tell your doctor about everything you take, including prescription drugs, herbal medicines, and other supplements. Your surgeon may instruct you to stop taking certain medications for a time before and after the surgery.
Question: Can you smoke before getting a tummy tuck?
Answer: If you smoke, your doctor will ask that you quit smoking from at least two weeks before the surgery until two weeks after the surgery. It is not enough to just cut down on smoking. You must stop completely since smoking makes complications more likely and slows healing.
Question: How should you prepare your home before getting a tummy tuck?
Answer: Before getting the surgery, get your home ready. You'll need: Ice packs Loose, comfortable clothing that can be put on and off very easily Petroleum jelly Hand-held shower head and bathroom chair You'll also need someone to drive you home after the tummy tuck. If you live alone, you'll want someone to stay with you for at least the first night. Make a plan for that.
Question: What is a tummy tuck?
Answer: This surgery flattens the abdomen by removing extra fat and skin, and tightening muscles in your abdominal wall. It's not the same as liposuction, although you may choose to get liposuction along with a tummy tuck. This is a major surgery, so if you're considering it, you should know the facts before you decide whether to go forward. Then a tummy tuck also is not for you.
Question: What are the effects of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: The effects are often different for everyone who has the disease. Some people have mild symptoms and don't need treatment. Others will have trouble getting around and doing daily tasks.
Question: What can your doctor do to help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition.
Question: Is there a cure for multiple sclerosis?
Answer: There is no cure for MS right now, but a number of treatments can improve how you feel and keep your body working well.
Question: When do the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis start?
Answer: As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40. Most people with MS have attacks, also called relapses, when the condition gets noticeably worse. They're usually followed by times of recovery when symptoms improve. For other people, the disease continues to get worse over time.
Question: Are there drugs that can slow the course of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition. Drugs that may slow your MS or help nerve damage include: Beta interferon ( Avonex, Betaseron, and Rebif) Copolymer-1 ( Copaxone) Dalfampridine ( Ampyra) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Your doctor may give you steroids to make your MS attacks shorter and less severe.
Question: What causes multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: Doctors don't know for sure what causes MS, but there are many things that seem to make the disease more likely. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it. Smoking also may raise the risk.
Question: What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: The damage means your brain can't send signals through your body correctly. Your nerves also don't work as they should to help you move and feel. As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40.
Question: What is the outlook for multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier. Stem-cell and genetic research may soon help doctors repair damaged nerves or stop the disease before it causes damage. Scientists are also looking for new ways to treat MS in clinical trials. These trials test new drugs to see if they're safe and if they work. They're often a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Ask your doctor if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
Question: How can therapy help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Answer: An occupational therapist can teach you new ways to do certain tasks to make it easier to work and take care of yourself. If you have trouble getting around, a cane, walker, or braces can help you walk more easily.
Question: Is vitamin D used to treat multiple sclerosis?
Answer: MS happens when your immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin, which wraps around your nerve fibers to protect them. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it.
Question: What tests help diagnose multiple sclerosis?
Answer: There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. These may include: Blood tests to rule out diseases that cause similar symptoms, like Lyme disease and AIDS. People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.
Question: What lifestyle changes can I implement to treat multiple sclerosis?
Answer: You can also try other drugs, like muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, or botulinum toxin ( Botox), to ease muscle spasms and treat some of the other symptoms. Get regular exercise and avoid too much heat to boost your energy. Ask your doctor about trying yoga to ease fatigue or stress. Take care of your emotional health, too. Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier.
Question: What tests are used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?
Answer: There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. Analysis of the liquid that cushions your brain and spinal cord, called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.
Question: What should you remove before going into the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) room?
Answer: Remove all of these before you go into the MRI room: Cell phone Coins Dentures Eyeglasses Hearing aids Keys Underwire bra Watch Wig If you don't like enclosed spaces or you're nervous about the test, tell your doctor.
Question: What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
Answer: A MRI of the brain and spinal cord looks for: Blood vessel damage Brain injury Cancer Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord injuries Stroke A MRI of the heart and blood vessels looks for: Blocked blood vessels Damage caused by a heart attack Heart disease Problems with the structure of the heart A MRI of the bones and joints looks for: Bone infections Cancer Damage to joints Disc problems in the spine Neck or low back pain with nerve signs MRIs can also be done to check the health of these organs: Breasts (women) Liver Kidneys Ovaries (women) Pancreas Prostate (men) A special kind of MRI called a functional MRI (f MRI) maps brain activity. This test looks at blood flow in your brain to see which areas become active when you do certain tasks. A f MRI can detect brain problems, such as the effects of a stroke, or for brain mapping if you need brain surgery for epilepsy or tumors. Your doctor can use this test to plan your treatment.
Question: What organs can a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) check?
Answer: A MRI of the brain and spinal cord looks for: Blood vessel damage Brain injury Cancer Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord injuries Stroke A MRI of the heart and blood vessels looks for: Blocked blood vessels Damage caused by a heart attack Heart disease Problems with the structure of the heart A MRI of the bones and joints looks for: Bone infections Cancer Damage to joints Disc problems in the spine Neck or low back pain with nerve signs MRIs can also be done to check the health of these organs: Breasts (women) Liver Kidneys Ovaries (women) Pancreas Prostate (men) A special kind of MRI called a functional MRI (f MRI) maps brain activity.
Question: What should you let your doctor know before your magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
Answer: Before your MRI, let your doctor know if you: Have any health problems, such as kidney or liver disease Recently had surgery Have any allergies to food or medicine, or if you have asthma Are pregnant, or might be pregnant No metal is allowed in the MRI room, because the magnetic field in the machine can attract metal.
Question: What happens during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?
Answer: Before some MRIs, you'll get contrast dye into a vein in your arm or hand. This dye helps the doctor more clearly see structures inside your body. The dye often used in MRIs is called gadolinium. It can leave a metal taste in your mouth. You will lie on a table that slides into the MRI machine. Straps might be used to hold you still during the test. Your body might be completely inside the machine. Or, part of your body may stay outside the machine. The MRI machine creates a strong magnetic field inside your body. A computer takes the signals from the MRI and uses them to make a series of pictures. Each picture shows a thin slice of your body. You might hear a loud thumping or tapping sound during the test. This is the machine creating energy to take pictures inside your body. You can ask for earplugs or headphones to muffle the sound. You might feel a twitching sensation during the test. This happens as the MRI stimulates nerves in your body. It's normal, and nothing to worry about. The MRI scan should take between 20 and 90 minutes.
Question: What do your magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results mean?
Answer: Certain people with metal inside their body can't get this test, including those with: Some clips used to treat brain aneurysms Pacemakers and cardiac defibrillators Cochlear implants Certain metal coils placed in blood vessels A specially trained doctor called a radiologist will read the results of your MRI and send the report to your doctor. Your doctor will explain the meaning of your test results and what to do next.
Question: Who shouldn't get magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
Answer: Pregnant women should not get a MRI during their first trimester unless they absolutely need the test. The first trimester is when the baby's organs develop. You also shouldn't get contrast dye when you're pregnant. Don't get contrast dye if you've had an allergic reaction to it in the past or you have severe kidney disease. Certain people with metal inside their body can't get this test, including those with: Some clips used to treat brain aneurysms Pacemakers and cardiac defibrillators Cochlear implants Certain metal coils placed in blood vessels A specially trained doctor called a radiologist will read the results of your MRI and send the report to your doctor.
Question: What does a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the bones and joints look for?
Answer: A MRI of the brain and spinal cord looks for: Blood vessel damage Brain injury Cancer Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord injuries Stroke A MRI of the heart and blood vessels looks for: Blocked blood vessels Damage caused by a heart attack Heart disease Problems with the structure of the heart A MRI of the bones and joints looks for: Bone infections Cancer Damage to joints Disc problems in the spine Neck or low back pain with nerve signs MRIs can also be done to check the health of these organs: Breasts (women) Liver Kidneys Ovaries (women) Pancreas Prostate (men) A special kind of MRI called a functional MRI (f MRI) maps brain activity.
Question: What does a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart and blood vessels look for?
Answer: A MRI of the brain and spinal cord looks for: Blood vessel damage Brain injury Cancer Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord injuries Stroke A MRI of the heart and blood vessels looks for: Blocked blood vessels Damage caused by a heart attack Heart disease Problems with the structure of the heart A MRI of the bones and joints looks for: Bone infections Cancer Damage to joints Disc problems in the spine Neck or low back pain with nerve signs MRIs can also be done to check the health of these organs: Breasts (women) Liver Kidneys Ovaries (women) Pancreas Prostate (men) A special kind of MRI called a functional MRI (f MRI) maps brain activity.
Question: Why would you need magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
Answer: A MRI helps a doctor diagnose a disease or injury, and it can monitor how well you're doing with a treatment. MRIs can be done on different parts of your body.
Question: What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to make detailed pictures inside your body. Your doctor can use this test to diagnose you or to see how well you've responded to treatment. Unlike X-rays and computed tomography ( CT) scans, MRIs do not use the damaging ionizing radiation of X-rays.
Question: What does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment look like?
Answer: You lie on a table that slides all the way into the tube. In a short-bore system, you are not totally inside the MRI machine. Only the part of your body that's being scanned is inside. The rest of your body is outside the machine. An open MRI is open on all sides. This type of machine may be best if you have claustrophobia -- a fear of tight spaces -- or you're very overweight. The quality of images from some open MRI machines isn't as good as it is with a closed MRI.
Question: What causes plantar fasciitis?
Answer: You're at greater risk of plantar fasciitis if you: Are female Are 40 to 60 years old Are obese Have flat feet or high arches Have tight Achilles tendons, or âheel cordsâ Have an unusual walk or foot position Often wear high-heeled shoes Spend many hours standing each day Wear worn-out shoes with thin soles Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and check your feet to see where you're having pain.
Question: What is plantar fasciitis?
Answer: Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the thick band of tissue (also called a fascia) at the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to your toes. Your fascia supports the muscles and arch of your foot. When it's overly stretched, you can get tiny tears in its surface. This can bring on pain and inflammation.
Question: What are hyaluronic acid joint injections?
Answer: People with arthritis get these shots to help lubricate their joints so that they work more smoothly. Your doctor can let you know if it would help you based on your symptoms and other treatments you've tried. Though the shots have been available for more than a decade, studies on how effective they are have shown mixed results. If you have osteoarthritis, your supply of synovial fluid has thinned.
Question: How does spirometry help with the diagnosis of asthma?
Answer: Spirometry. This is a simple breathing test that measures how much and how fast you can blow air out of your lungs. Airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD is quickly revealed. Spirometry can be done before and after you inhale the asthma drug albuterol, a bronchodilator. Albuterol delivered in an asthma inhaler helps open blocked airways. If the airway obstruction improves after albuterol, that indicates you have asthma or COPD.
Question: How do lung function tests help diagnose asthma?
Answer: Lung function tests (pulmonary function tests or PFTs) include several simple breathing tests to diagnose lung problems. The two most common are spirometry and methacholine challenge tests. These two tests, along with a history and physical exam, are the standards for making the diagnosis of asthma.
Question: How is chest X-ray used to diagnose asthma?
Answer: By viewing your lungs on an X-ray, your doctor can see if you have another health condition that may be causing asthma-like symptoms. Asthma may cause a small increase in the size of your lungs (called hyperinflation), but a person with asthma will usually have a normal chest X-ray. Patients with COPD will also have hyperinflation, but emphysema causes holes in lung tissue, called blebs or bullae, which are evident on a chest X-ray.
Question: How can diffusing capacity (DLCO) test help with the diagnosis of asthma?
Answer: This is a simple breathing test that measures how much and how fast you can blow air out of your lungs. The DLCO is normal in people with asthma and low in smokers who have COPD. Asthma may cause a small increase in the size of your lungs (called hyperinflation), but a person with asthma will usually have a normal chest X-ray.
Question: How can methacholine challenge test (MCT) help diagnose asthma?
Answer: Methacholine challenge test ( MCT). During this test, you inhale increasing amounts of a mist of methacholine before and after spirometry. If lung function drops by 20% or more after a low dose of methacholine, that indicates you have asthma.
Question: How do you diagnose persistent depressive disorder?
Answer: It is marked by a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. In children and teens, moods can be irritable for at least 1 year to be called Persistent Depressive Disorder.
Question: How do you treat cyclothymic disorder?
Answer: Some people with mild symptoms of cyclothymia are able to live successful, fulfilling lives. Others find their relationships troubled by depression, impulsive actions, and strong emotions. For these people, short-term medications may bring relief. Mood stabilizers include antiseizure drugs such as lithium, Depakote, Tegretol, or Lamictal.
Question: How do you treat persistent depressive disorder?
Answer: Antidepressants , such as selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs), or tricyclic antidepressants, are often used to treat PDD. You may need to try more than one medication to find the one that works best. Doctors believe treatment for PDD is effective with a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Specific kinds of talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy, or interpersonal therapy ( IPT), are known to be effective forms of psychotherapy that treat PDD. Other changes may also help, including seeking social support and finding an interesting occupation.
Question: Should you get treatment for persistent depressive disorder?
Answer: Staying in a constant state of moodiness is no way to live. Another is that PDD can also increase your risk for physical diseases. If left untreated, this mood disorder can develop into more severe depression. It can also increase your risk for attempting suicide.
Question: What are symptoms of cyclothymic disorder?
Answer: PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don't last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins. A diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder may result from simply describing symptoms like these: Episodes that involve brief, recurrent periods of depression and, at other times, episodes of hypomania; this pattern of episodes must be present for at least 2 years. Symptoms that persist, creating fewer than 2 symptom-free months in a row.
Question: What is persistent depressive disorder?
Answer: Although less extreme, Persistent Depressive Disorder ( PDD) causes chronic or long-lasting moodiness that ranges in severity. PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. As with depression, PDD is more common in women than in men. This mood disorder tends to appear earlier than major depression, although it can begin anytime from childhood to later in life.
Question: Who gets cyclothymic disorder?
Answer: Up to 4% of the general population is affected by PDD. But know that it may take several weeks or longer to take effect. Its cause is unknown, but genetics may play a role; cyclothymia is more common in people with relatives who have bipolar disorder. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins.