anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: How often should I have a foot exam if I am over 50 with diabetes and why?
Answer: Get it done: Every time you see your doctor Foot problems are common with diabetes, so you and your doctor need to stay on top of your foot health. You should carefully wash, dry, and inspect your feet at home every day. Nerve damage in your feet and legs can keep you from noticing when you hurt yourself. Your doctor will want to check them at each office visit. People with diabetes also may have blood flow problems, which makes it harder for foot wounds to heal. A tiny cut, sore, or blister could grow into a foot ulcer that's tricky to treat. If it gets severely infected, your foot or leg may need to be removed.
Question: How often should I have a cholesterol test if I am over 50 with diabetes and why?
Answer: Get it done: Every year High cholesterol levels can lead to heart disease. Your doctor will check them at least yearly to make sure they're in a healthy range. He can prescribe medicine to lower your cholesterol if you need it.
Question: How often should I have a dental check up if I am over 50 with diabetes and why?
Answer: Get it done: Every time you see your doctor Don't neglect your mouth. When you have diabetes, you're at greater risk of gum disease. It's more likely when your blood sugar is out of whack. Even if you have it under control through brushing, flossing and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash, you should still see your dentist for checkups to make sure your mouth is healthy.
Question: How often should I have an eye exam if I am over 50 with diabetes and why?
Answer: Get it done: Every year People with diabetes are at greater risk of vision problems. You're more likely to have trouble with your eyes if your blood sugar or blood pressure levels are too high. To keep tabs on your vision and eye health, see an eye doctor at least yearly for a thorough exam. He'll dilate your pupils to see whether you have any problems.
Question: Why is iron important when you have UC?
Answer: Iron. When you have UC, you might lose iron through bleeding from the sores in your colon. If you don't have enough iron, you can get a condition called anemia, which can make you tired, dizzy, have a fast or irregular heartbeat, and have problems thinking. Your doctor can tell if you don't have enough iron with a blood test. If that's the case, he'll probably recommend you take an iron supplement.
Question: How can my UC medicine affect my nutrition?
Answer: Finally, some medicines you take to treat ulcerative colitis interfere with your body's ability to absorb and maintain the vitamins and minerals it needs. For instance, corticosteroids such as prednisone can get rid of your body's calcium supply. Drugs like sulfasalazine lower your level of folate, an important B vitamin.
Question: How can vitamin D help ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Even with a well-designed meal plan, you may still need some of these supplements: Vitamin D. You need it to keep your bones strong. It also plays a role in how your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- works. If you have ulcerative colitis, especially if you need steroids, you may be at risk for having low levels of vitamin D. A good source of vitamin D is dairy foods, but a lot of people with UC cut back on dairy to help them curb symptoms of diarrhea. Experts have different views on vitamin D supplements, so ask your doctor if it it's a good idea for you to take them.
Question: Why is malnutrition possible when you have ulcerative colitis?
Answer: When you get flares, you can get cramping pain and severe diarrhea, which can sometimes alternate with hard bowel movements and constipation. Certain foods may make your symptoms worse. So on top of a lack of appetite that goes along with flare-ups, you may be tempted to cut back on how much you eat in hopes of easing your symptoms. There's a risk you could get dehydrated if the fluid isn't replaced.
Question: Why are folate and folic acid important when you have UC?
Answer: That's in addition to eating a healthy, well-balanced diet. It also plays a role in how your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- works. If you have ulcerative colitis, especially if you need steroids, you may be at risk for having low levels of vitamin D. A good source of vitamin D is dairy foods, but a lot of people with UC cut back on dairy to help them curb symptoms of diarrhea. Those levels can go even lower if you need certain medications. Ask your doctor if you should be taking a folic acid supplement.
Question: How are tooth infections treated?
Answer: These are some things you can do to ease your symptoms: Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen for the discomfort Try to chew on the side of your mouth away from the tooth When you brush your teeth, use a toothbrush with soft bristles If you have an abscessed tooth, your dentist may recommend one of the following treatments, depending on how serious the abscess is: If you have a simple abscess, your dentist, or a specialist called an endodontist, can do a root canal to get rid of the infection and hopefully save the tooth. If the abscess is large, it may need to be drained first before a root canal is done. Your dentist or endodontist will make a small cut in the gum to let the pus out and then rinse the area with saline (salt water). After the tooth is sealed back up, your dentist can then put on a cap or crown as a top layer to protect the tooth and make sure you don't get another abscess. If your tooth can't be saved, your dentist might need to pull it, then drain the abscess to get rid of the infection. Your dentist also might give you antibiotics to make sure the infection doesn't spread to other teeth or other parts of your body.
Question: What should you know about tooth infections?
Answer: These infections don't go away on their own, so it's important to see your dentist if you think you have one. If it's not treated, it can spread to your jaw or other areas of your head or neck. These are some things you can do to ease your symptoms: Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen for the discomfort Try to chew on the side of your mouth away from the tooth When you brush your teeth, use a toothbrush with soft bristles If you have an abscessed tooth, your dentist may recommend one of the following treatments, depending on how serious the abscess is: If you have a simple abscess, your dentist, or a specialist called an endodontist, can do a root canal to get rid of the infection and hopefully save the tooth.
Question: How can you prevent tooth infections?
Answer: Good dental habits can help keep your teeth and gums healthy: Brush with fluoride toothpaste twice a day for at least 2 minutes each time. Don't rinse your mouth with mouthwash or water immediately after brushing -- that can take the protective toothpaste off your teeth. Floss at least once a day to clean between your teeth and under your gums. Cut down on sugary and starchy drinks and foods, especially between meals and right before bed. See your dentist for regular checkups.
Question: What is tartar?
Answer: Even if you take great care of your teeth at home, you still have bacteria in your mouth. They mix with proteins and food byproducts to form a sticky film called dental plaque. This gunk coats your teeth, gets under your gum line, and sticks to fillings or other dental work. Bigger problems arise, however, if plaque stays on your teeth and hardens into tartar. Tartar, also called calculus, forms below and above the gum line. It is rough and porous and can lead to receding gums and gum disease. It must be removed with special tools in the dentist's office.
Question: How do you prevent tartar buildup?
Answer: Tartar can make it harder to brush and floss like you should. Here's how: Brush regularly, twice a day for 2 minutes a time. Studies have found that electronic, or powered, toothbrushes may get rid of plaque better than manual models. Choose tartar-control toothpaste with fluoride. No matter how good you are with a toothbrush, dental floss is the only way to remove plaque between your teeth and keep tartar out of these hard-to-reach areas. Use an antiseptic mouthwash daily to help kill bacteria that cause plaque. Watch your diet. You don't have to give up sweets or between-meals munches. Just be mindful about how often you indulge. Don't smoke.
Question: What problems can tartar cause?
Answer: You know it's important to brush, floss, and rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash to prevent tartar buildup. This can lead to cavities and tooth decay. Any tartar that forms above your gum line could be bad for you. Over time, this might lead to progressive gum disease. The mildest form of gum disease is called gingivitis. The resulting stew can damage the bones and tissues that hold your teeth in place. Also, some studies link the bacteria in gum disease to heart disease and other health problems.
Question: How is targeted drug therapy used to treat throat cancer?
Answer: For some throat cancers, doctors can use newer drugs that starve the tumor of what it needs to grow.
Question: What causes throat cancer?
Answer: Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes. Doctors aren't sure what causes this change, but these things can make it more likely: Drinking too much over many years Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), a chronic problem where stomach acid flows up into your esophagus Gender (men are more likely to get it) Human papillomavirus ( HPV), a type of virus that most often spreads through oral sex Not eating enough fruits and vegetables Race ( African- Americans affected more often than other races) Smoking, chewing tobacco You might have: Changes to your voice (hoarse or hard to speak clearly) Cough, which may produce blood Hard time swallowing, feeling like something's caught in your throat Lump or sore that doesn't go away Pain in your ears or neck Problems breathing Sore throat Weight loss for no reason Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and they don't get better.
Question: What are the different types of pharyngeal cancer?
Answer: Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes.
Question: What are the different types of throat cancer?
Answer: Your throat (pharynx) is a tube that runs from your nose to your esophagus. Your esophagus carries food from the bottom of your throat to your stomach. Your voice box (larynx) sits at the bottom of your throat and contains your vocal cords. Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes.
Question: What does the treatment for throat cancer depend on?
Answer: Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes. For later stage cancer, you may need radiation along with another treatment.
Question: How will your doctor test for throat cancer?
Answer: Your doctor will first ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam, feeling for lumps in your throat. You may then get any of these tests: Endoscopy. Your doctor may use surgery, an endoscope, or a needle to take a tissue sample from your throat and have it tested for cancer. Imaging.
Question: What conditions can cause sinus blockage?
Answer: Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps A deviated septum, which is a shift in the nasal cavity You may hear your doctor use these terms: Acute sinusitis usually starts with coldlike symptoms such as a runny, stuffy nose and facial pain.
Question: What can cause sinusitis in children?
Answer: It's more likely if you have: Swelling inside the nose like from a common cold Blocked drainage ducts Structural differences that narrow those ducts Nasal polyps Immune system deficiencies or medications that suppress the immune system For children, things that can cause sinusitis include: Allergies Illnesses from other kids at day care or school Pacifiers Bottle drinking while lying on the back Smoke in the environment The main things that make sinusitis more likely for adults are infections and smoking.
Question: Can I prevent sinusitis?
Answer: There is no sure-fire way to prevent sinusitis. But there are some things that might help. Don't smoke, and avoid other people's smoke. Wash your hands often, especially during cold and flu season, and try not to touch your face. Stay away from things you know you're allergic to.
Question: What other things can you do to help with chronic sinusitis?
Answer: There are some other things you can do yourself to help with chronic sinusitis: Warm compresses can ease pain in the nose and sinuses. Saline nose drops are safe to use at home. Over-the-counter decongestant drops or sprays can help. Don't take them longer than recommended. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe steroids along with antibiotics.
Question: What are the main signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis?
Answer: The main signs include: Facial pain or pressure " Stuffed-up" nose Runny nose Loss of smell Cough or congestion You may also have: Fever Bad breath Fatigue Dental pain It may be acute sinusitis if you have two or more symptoms, or thick, green, or yellow nasal discharge. You may have these symptoms for 12 weeks or more: A feeling of congestion or fullness in your face A nasal obstruction or nasal blockage Pus in the nasal cavity Fever Runny nose or discolored postnasal drainage You may also have headaches, bad breath, and tooth pain.
Question: What are the main signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis?
Answer: You may have these symptoms for 12 weeks or more: A feeling of congestion or fullness in your face A nasal obstruction or nasal blockage Pus in the nasal cavity Fever Runny nose or discolored postnasal drainage You may also have headaches, bad breath, and tooth pain. You may feel tired a lot. Lots of things can cause symptoms like these. You'll need to see your doctor to find out if you have sinusitis.
Question: What happens if sinusitis remains untreated?
Answer: You'll have pain and discomfort until it starts to clear up. In rare cases, untreated sinusitis can lead to meningitis, a brain abscess, or an infection of the bone. Talk to your doctor about your concerns.
Question: What is sinusitis?
Answer: But when they become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection. Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps A deviated septum, which is a shift in the nasal cavity You may hear your doctor use these terms: Acute sinusitis usually starts with coldlike symptoms such as a runny, stuffy nose and facial pain. There are some other things you can do yourself to help with chronic sinusitis: Warm compresses can ease pain in the nose and sinuses.
Question: How do you take monthly combination pills for birth control?
Answer: Monthly: Pills come in 21- or 28-day packs. With 21-day pills, you take one every day for 3 weeks straight. During week 4 you take no pills and have your period. The 28-day packs include pills with hormones and some inactive pills with none. With most brands, you take 21 active pills, and seven inactive ones to keep you in the habit of taking it every day. You'll have your period during the days you take the inactive pills. Other brands include 24 active pills and four that aren't. You may have shorter periods with this type.
Question: How do you take extended-cycle combination pills for birth control?
Answer: Extended-cycle: You take pills with hormones for 12 weeks straight and inactive ones for a week. You only have three or four periods a year.
Question: What type of birth control pill are combination pills?
Answer: Most women in the U. S. who are on the pill take what's called the combination pill. It uses man-made versions of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to keep you from getting pregnant. These hormones stop your ovaries from releasing eggs, and they also make changes in your cervix and uterus that lower your chance of a pregnancy.
Question: What type of birth control pill is a mini-pill?
Answer: It uses only man-made progesterone. It works mostly by causing changes that keep sperm from reaching eggs.
Question: What are more serious but rarer side effects of combination pills for birth control?
Answer: You might have: Changes in your period Headache and nausea Tender breasts Breakthrough bleeding (bleeding between periods, also known as spotting) More-serious but rarer side effects include: High blood pressure Heart attack or stroke Blood clots (the risk is highest for very overweight women) You shouldn't take a combination pill if you already have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack, stroke, or blood clots.
Question: What are the side effects of combination pills for birth control?
Answer: You might have: Changes in your period Headache and nausea Tender breasts Breakthrough bleeding (bleeding between periods, also known as spotting) More-serious but rarer side effects include: High blood pressure Heart attack or stroke Blood clots (the risk is highest for very overweight women) You shouldn't take a combination pill if you already have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack, stroke, or blood clots.
Question: What should you know about the mini-pill for birth control?
Answer: If you had estrogen-linked side effects, like tender breasts or nausea, even after switching to a low-dose pill, you may want to try the mini-pill. It's a safe choice if you have high blood pressure or other conditions that can be aggravated by estrogen. It's also an option if you just gave birth or are breastfeeding. It won't affect your milk supply or hurt your baby.
Question: What are the risks of taking combination pills for birth control?
Answer: You might have: Changes in your period Headache and nausea Tender breasts Breakthrough bleeding (bleeding between periods, also known as spotting) More-serious but rarer side effects include: High blood pressure Heart attack or stroke Blood clots (the risk is highest for very overweight women) You shouldn't take a combination pill if you already have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack, stroke, or blood clots. Some pills ( Beyaz, Gianvi, Yasmin, Yaz, and others) use a man-made progesterone called drospirenone. These are linked to a higher risk of blood clots than brands that use other kinds of synthetic progesterone. These types of pills also aren't right for you if you have migraine headaches that affect vision, or if you gave birth less than 3 weeks ago. You're at greater risk of serious side effects if you smoke, especially if you're over 35.
Question: How do you know if birth control pills are the right option for you?
Answer: So talk to your doctor before you choose your contraception method. Make sure she knows your health history and any other medications you take. Some meds make the pill less effective. This includes herbal remedies like St. John's wort. You shouldn't take any type of birth control pill if you've had breast cancer. Also, the pill doesn't protect you from STDs.
Question: What are the types of combination pills for birth control?
Answer: For many women, birth control pills are a good choice to prevent a pregnancy. Combination pills are either monophasic (one phase) or multiphasic (multi-phase). Monophasic pills deliver an even level of hormones throughout the month. Multiphasic ones have slightly different levels of hormones in active pills. They mimic normal hormonal changes that happen during your menstrual cycle.
Question: How does the mini pill for birth control work?
Answer: Some pills have as little as 10 micrograms of estrogen. But it's trickier to take. You must swallow it at the same time each day. If you're late by more than 3 hours, it becomes less effective. If this happens, you need to use backup birth control (such as condoms) for the next 2 days. All 28 mini-pills are active.
Question: How effective are birth control pills?
Answer: That means taking your pill every day. Their effects are easy to reverse, too. When it's baby-making time, just stop taking them. It's possible to get pregnant right away. Usually, if you miss two of these pills in a row, you'll need to use backup birth control for a week. These types of pills also aren't right for you if you have migraine headaches that affect vision, or if you gave birth less than 3 weeks ago.
Question: How should I talk to people at my child's school about asthma?
Answer: It's important that your child's teachers, coaches, and school nurses know about his or her asthma. Talk to your doctor about the best way to handle these discussions. Make sure that your child has an âasthma action planâ and the proper medication at school with detailed instructions that include the location of the medicine or permission for your child to carry it. Ask your child's doctor to help you personalize this plan based on your child's asthma and treatment.
Question: What should I know about asthma in children?
Answer: When your child is diagnosed with asthma, don't make assumptions. Whatever you know about asthma may not apply to your child. Many experts say that asthma is a spectrum, not a single disease, and asthma in children is often quite different from asthma in adults. So don't settle for a general diagnosis. Get the specifics about your child's condition.
Question: Should you call your doctor about vaginal itching, burning, and irritation?
Answer: But when it occurs in an area as sensitive as the vagina and vulva (the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening), it can be especially uncomfortable. Most genital itching and irritation isn't a major concern.