anand-s/m_qalm huggingface dataset:
Question: What is "hyperactivity"?
Answer: The âattention-deficitâ part of ADHD can make kids: Unfocused and easily distracted Disorganized and forgetful Unable to follow through on instructions Appear not to listen The âhyperactivityâ part causes: Fidgeting and squirming Running and climbing instead of sitting Inability to take turns and wait in line Constant talking and interrupting Inability to play quietly Your doctor probably won't suggest an ADHD evaluation before age 4.
Question: What are the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders in kids and what are the signs?
Answer: Two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in kids are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD). If your child has one of these disorders, he can have trouble controlling his impulses, paying attention, listening, and getting along with other kids. These problems can disrupt his school and social life.
Question: Should I be worried if my child is acting up or has trouble paying attention?
Answer: At some point during childhood, most kids act up and have trouble paying attention. She'll want to wait to make a firm diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder until your child's behavior is more extreme than what is age-appropriate. But without the right treatment, it can become more serious.
Question: Does oppositional defiant disorder go away?
Answer: Two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in kids are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD). But without the right treatment, it can become more serious. That's why it's important for your doctor to screen your child for both ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, as well as all the other conditions that could go along with them.
Question: What does metastasis mean?
Answer: Benign, or noncancerous, tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, and do not create new tumors.
Question: What are the major types of cancer?
Answer: Carcinomas -- the most commonly diagnosed cancers -- originate in the skin, lungs, breasts, pancreas, and other organs and glands. Lymphomas are cancers of lymphocytes. Leukemia is cancer of the blood. It does not usually form solid tumors. Sarcomas arise in bone, muscle, fat, bloodvessels, cartilage, or other soft or connective tissues of the body.
Question: What are noncancerous tumors?
Answer: Most cancers form tumors, but not all tumors are cancerous. Benign, or noncancerous, tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, and do not create new tumors. Malignant, or cancerous, tumors crowd out healthy cells, interfere with body functions, and draw nutrients from body tissues.
Question: How many people diagnosed with cancer are cured?
Answer: Leukemia is cancer of the blood. Today, more people diagnosed with cancer are living longer. However, some forms of the disease remain frustratingly difficult to treat. Modern treatment can significantly improve quality of life and may extend survival.
Question: What is cancer?
Answer: A tumor is a mass composed of a cluster of such abnormal cells. Leukemia is cancer of the blood.
Question: How does an IQ (intelligence quotient) test determine if aa person has an intellectual disability (ID)?
Answer: IQ (intelligence quotient) is measured by an IQ test. The average IQ is 100, with the majority of people scoring between 85 and 115. A person is considered intellectually disabled if he or she has an IQ of less than 70 to 75.
Question: How can I prevent intellectual disability (ID) in my children?
Answer: The most common of these is fetal alcohol syndrome. Pregnant women shouldn't drink alcohol. Getting proper prenatal care, taking a prenatal vitamin, and getting vaccinated against certain infectious diseases can also lower the risk that your child will be born with intellectual disabilities. In families with a history of genetic disorders, genetic testing may be recommended before conception.
Question: What are the signs of a severe or profound intellectual disability (ID) in children?
Answer: Some of the most common signs of intellectual disability are: Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late Talking late or having trouble with talking Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself Difficulty remembering things Inability to connect actions with consequences Behavior problems such as explosive tantrums Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking In children with severe or profound intellectual disability, there may be other health problems as well. These problems may include seizures, mood disorders (anxiety, autism, etc. ), motor skills impairment, vision problems, or hearing problems.
Question: How common is intellectual disability (ID) in the U.S?
Answer: Intellectual disability is thought to affect about 1% of the population. Of those affected, 85% have mild intellectual disability. This means they are just a little slower than average to learn new information or skills. With the right support, most will be able to live independently as adults.
Question: What are the most common causes of intellectual disability (ID)?
Answer: However, a specific cause for intellectual disability can only be pinpointed about a third of the time. The most common causes of intellectual disability are: Genetic conditions. Things that can interfere with fetal brain development include alcohol or drug use, malnutrition, certain infections, or preeclampsia. Problems during childbirth. Intellectual disability may result if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born extremely premature. Illness or injury. Infections like meningitis, whooping cough, or the measles can lead to intellectual disability.
Question: What can I do to help my child with intellectual disability (ID)?
Answer: Steps to help your intellectually disabled child include: Learn everything you can about intellectual disabilities. Let your child try new things and encourage your child to do things by himself or herself. Provide guidance when it's needed and give positive feedback when your child does something well or masters something new. Get your child involved in group activities. Taking an art class or participating in Scouts will help your child build social skills. Stay involved. By keeping in touch with your child's teachers, you'll be able to follow his or her progress and reinforce what your child is learning at school through practice at home. Get to know other parents of intellectually disabled children. They can be a great source of advice and emotional support.
Question: What is intellectual disability (ID)?
Answer: People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild to profound. These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself.
Question: What limitations does a person with intellectual disability (ID) have?
Answer: Intellectual disability ( ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. These areas are: Intellectual functioning. Also known as IQ, this refers to a person's ability to learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems. Adaptive behaviors. These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself.
Question: How can a specialist measure a child's adaptive behaviors to determine if he/she has intellectual disability (ID)?
Answer: Adaptive behaviors. To measure a child's adaptive behaviors, a specialist will observe the child's skills and compare them to other children of the same age. Things that may be observed include how well the child can feed or dress himself or herself; how well the child is able to communicate with and understand others; and how the child interacts with family, friends, and other children of the same age.
Question: What are the signs of intellectual disability (ID) in children?
Answer: There are many different signs of intellectual disability in children. Some of the most common signs of intellectual disability are: Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late Talking late or having trouble with talking Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself Difficulty remembering things Inability to connect actions with consequences Behavior problems such as explosive tantrums Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking In children with severe or profound intellectual disability, there may be other health problems as well.
Question: Which children's cold medicines are questionably effective?
Answer: Specifically, four different categories of drugs. They are: Cough suppressants (dextromethorphan or DM) Cough expectorants (guaifenesin) Decongestants (pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine) Certain antihistamines (such as brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, and diphenhydramine [ Benadryl]) You might not recognize these drugs by name, but they are the active ingredients in many brands of kids' cold and cough medicines commonly available in drugstores.
Question: Do children need medicine for a cold?
Answer: Reduce the child's fever using appropriate medication (check with a doctor), such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol).
Question: Can children overdose on cold medicine?
Answer: Accidentally giving a child a dose that's too high can be easy to do; parents might use two different brands of medicine at the same time, not realizing they contain the same ingredients, or may incorrectly measure a dose if they get up in the middle of the night to soothe a child. While the overall risks are low, some experts say that they are not low enough. Given that there's no evidence that kids' cold medicines help children, some consider any risk -- no matter how slight -- to be unacceptably high.
Question: Should I give my child children's cold medicine?
Answer: The current recommendations from the FDA are: Do not use cold and cough medicines in children under age 4 unless advised by your doctor. Never give adult medicines to children. Only use medicines designed for children. Never use a cold or cough drug if your child takes other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, unless you've checked with the doctor first. Carefully follow the instructions for dosing on the box. Use the enclosed measuring spoon, dropper, or dosing cup. Take your child to the doctor if symptoms worsen or don't improve within a few days. Also, many experts say that parents should go further and stop using any kids' cold medicine in children under age 6 unless their doctors recommend it.
Question: What can I give my kids if they have a cold or cough?
Answer: Nothing cures a cold, but pediatricians say these strategies may help: Call the child's doctor right away if he is three months of age or younger at the first sign of an illness. Reduce the child's fever using appropriate medication (check with a doctor), such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Do not use ibuprofen in children under age 6 months or if your child is vomiting or dehydrated. Do not use aspirinwith any child because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious disease. Consider using honey for coughs or sore throat for kids, but only if they are older than age 1. Honey can be toxic to infants. Try saline drops or spray to clear thick mucus out of your child's nose. Give your child plenty of liquids to increase hydration and help thin mucus. Use a humidifier in your child's room to add moisture to the dry air. If your child wheezes, call your doctor. Other treatments may be needed to help open airways. To ease congestion, keep the child's head elevated when resting. Of course, parents should seek medical care as needed.
Question: Why are children's cold medicines questionable?
Answer: One specific concern was that these medicines were often not studied in children. Instead, they were studied in adults, and those results were then applied to children. However, it's not clear that adults and children will react to these medicines in the same way. Even in adults, the evidence is weak that cough and cold medicines help.
Question: What are the risks associated with children's cold medicines?
Answer: Experts agree that the risks from kids' cold and cough medicines are low, especially considering how common they are. Still, thousands of children under age 12 go to emergency rooms each year after taking cough and cold medicines, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Roughly two-thirds of those ER visits occurred after children drank cough or cold medicine while unsupervised.
Question: What are the dosing recommendations for children's cold medicine?
Answer: In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics called on the FDA to make such a recommendation. In addition, the AAP asked that OTC cold/cough medicine manufacturers to use weight-based rather than age-based dosing recommendations, saying weight is more accurate for determining the correct dose of a drug. The AAP also asked that dosing devices have a flow-limiting capacity to prevent against overdose.
Question: Do children's cough and cold medicines work?
Answer: In 2008, the FDA strongly recommended against giving over-the-counter cough and cold medicines to children who are under age 2. However, rather than requiring manufacturers to warn consumers, the agency praised the voluntary actions of manufacturers to state on product labels not to give the medicines to children under age 4. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Evidence indicates that children's cold medicines don't really help and may pose a real (although small) risk of side effects, particularly to young children.
Question: Who is most likely to get sepsis?
Answer: Anyone can get it, but certain groups of people are at greater risk. They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms.
Question: What is sepsis?
Answer: Sepsis is caused by your body's defense system (immune system) working overtime to fight infection. It's sometimes called septicemia. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The large number of chemicals released into the blood during this process triggers widespread inflammation. This can lead to organ damage. Blood clotting during sepsis reduces blood flow to limbs and internal organs. This deprives them of nutrients and oxygen. In severe cases, one or more organs may fail. In the worst cases, sepsis leads to a life-threatening drop in blood pressure. Doctors call this âseptic shock.â It can quickly lead to the failure of several organs -- lungs, kidneys, and liver. This can be fatal in some cases.
Question: What causes sepsis?
Answer: But sepsis can also result from other infections. It can begin anywhere bacteria or viruses enter the body. So, it could sometimes be caused by something as minor as a scraped knee or nicked cuticle. If you have a more serious medical problem such as appendicitis, pneumonia, meningitis, or a urinary tract infection, you're also at risk. If you have an infection of the bone, called osteomyelitis, it could lead to sepsis. In people who are hospitalized, the bacteria that trigger sepsis can enter the body through IV lines, surgical incisions, urinary catheters, and bed sores.
Question: What are the symptoms of sepsis?
Answer: They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms. The first signs may include rapid breathing and confusion. Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU).
Question: How is sepsis diagnosed?
Answer: Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU).
Question: What happens after being diagnosed with sepsis?
Answer: Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU). There, he'll try to stop the infection, keep vital organs functioning, and regulate your blood pressure ( IV fluids and extra oxygen can help with this).
Question: How is sepsis treated?
Answer: Once your doctor knows for sure what's causing your sepsis, he'll put you on medicine that targets that specific germ. Often, doctors prescribe vasopressors (drugs that cause the blood vessels to narrow) to improve blood pressure. If your case is severe, you might need other types of treatment, like a breathing machine or kidney dialysis. Sometimes surgery is needed to drain or clean an infection.
Question: Can a cold increase the chances of laryngospasm?
Answer: Coughs from a cold can push more acid into the larynx, so a recent or current upper respiratory infection may increase the likelihood of developing laryngospasm.
Question: Is laryngospasm related to GERD?
Answer: Regular exposure to stomach acids can damage and inflame the delicate lining of the esophagus. This damage can lead to momentary spasms of the vocal cords, which close the airway and prevent air and oxygen from getting into the lungs. When stomach acids reach the larynx, the condition is called laryngopharyngeal reflux or LPR. The tissues of the larynx are even more delicate and prone to injury than the esophagus.
Question: Is laryngospasm related to SIDS?
Answer: In addition to experiencing laryngospasm episodes, people with this condition will typically have symptoms of GERD, which include: Chest pain Coughing Difficulty swallowing Heartburn Hoarseness Nausea Sore throat or need to clear the throat Experts say that in infants with GERD, laryngospasm might be involved in sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS).
Question: What are symptoms of laryngospasm?
Answer: When laryngospasm occurs, people describe the sensation of choking and are unable to breathe or speak. Sometimes, the episodes occur in the middle of the night. A person may suddenly awaken feeling as though he or she is suffocating. This condition is called sleep-related laryngospasm. It also is often related to GERD. Some people will actually lose consciousness during these episodes. As the airways slowly open, the person will make a high-pitched breathing sound (called stridor). The entire episode lasts only a minute or two before breathing returns to normal. But the experience can be terrifying.
Question: How you treat laryngospasm caused by anesthesia?
Answer: In children who develop laryngospasm as a complication of anesthesia during surgery, treatment usually involves moving the head and neck to open the airway. It also involves using a machine (continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP) to deliver air directly into the airway. Some children need to have a tube placed into the throat to assist with breathing.
Question: How can you prevent laryngospasm?
Answer: You can also relieve GERD and LPR, and help prevent laryngospasm, by following these lifestyle tips: Avoid common heartburn triggers, such as fruit and fruit juices, caffeine, fatty foods, and peppermint. Eat smaller meals, and stop eating two to three hours before bedtime. If you smoke, quit. Also, limit alcohol consumption. Raise the head of your bed a few inches by putting wood blocks under the bedpost. Avoid allergies triggers. Breathing techniques including slow breathing and staying calm also may help.
Question: Can anesthesia cause laryngospasm?
Answer: Laryngospasm may also be a complication of surgery. In children who develop laryngospasm as a complication of anesthesia during surgery, treatment usually involves moving the head and neck to open the airway.
Question: What can trigger laryngospasm?
Answer: Laryngospasm may be associated with different triggers, such as asthma, allergies, exercise, irritants (smoke, dust, fumes), stress, anxiety or commonly gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Laryngospasm may also be a complication of surgery. Anesthesia used during the surgery can irritate the vocal cords, especially in children. Laryngospasm caused by anesthesia can be life-threatening.