GRATING

Abstract: A device for facilitating the passage of at least one partial material flow and possibly separating of another partial material flow, being a constituent of a material flow, which device has the form of a grating, built from a number of grating elements (3, 4), preferably provided at equal distances from each other, characterised in that the grating elements (3, 4) are connected to driving means (14, 15, 16) which are arranged to drive the grating elements backwards and forwards through stripper means (5, 6, 7, 8) in order to make free the passage between the grating means for at least one material flow.

Description: Grating The present invention relates to a device for facilitating the passage of at least one partial material flow and possibly separating of another partial material flow, being a constituent of a material flow, which device has the form of a grating, built from a number of grating elements, preferably provided. at equal distances from each other. Such gratings find use within several fields, such as industry, thermal power stations, hydroelectric power stations and farms, for facilitating the passage of material in the form of pieces or paste and for separating not desired material in the form of pieces from a desired material flow. It may be the question of dosage of pellets, or chips or other material in the form of pieces from large containers at dosage, or separating of manure in cow- houses for tied or freely walking animals. Concerning the water inlet to hydroelectrical stations there are law regulations for the separating of fish exceeding a certain size. This means, that the water inlet must be provided with a grating with a certain maximal width between the grating elements. This means, however, that there is a risk, that twigs and leaves are collected at the grating and that ice is built up at the grating elements and may choke up the grating. The gratings may be arranged horisontally or vertically or tilting, with the incoming material flow from above, from the side or from below. Hitherto there has, however, been no efficient device of the art just mentioned. The object of the invention is thus to provide a device of the art mentioned introductorily, that is relatively simple in design, and that is versatile in use and is efficient. According the invention, such a device is primarily characterised in that the grating elements are connected to driving means which are arranged to drive the grating elements backwards and forwards through stripper means in order to make free the passage between the grating elements for at least one material How. The stripper means may be designed in several ways. In one advantageous embodiment the stripper means are formed as recesses in support elements, which recesses, correspond to at least part of the cross section of the grating elements. The stripper means may of course be arranged separated from the support elements. In one especially advantageous embodiment the grating elements are arranged in one first and one second group, with every second grating element in the first group and every second in a second group, the grating elements in the both groups being driven in opposite directions in relationship to each other. The driving means may of course be of different types, such as piston - cylinder or electro- mechanical arrangements. The grating elements are designed with several different cross sections, such as rectangular, or narrowing in the direction of material flow, e g trapezoidal, or with a cross section, which is at least partly circular. In one advantageous embodiment the grating elements are provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with guiding elements arranged to guide the material perpendicularly to the driving direction of the grating elements, i e in the direction towards the interspace between the grating elements. This design enables material to be prevented from being built up at the surfaces of the grating elements, that are turned towards the material flow. In one further embodiment the grating elements are provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with guiding elements, arranged to guide the material along the driving direction of the grating elements. In those cases there is a partial material flow with desired material, that is to say that is desired to pass the grating, the grating elements are, in one suitable embodiment, provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with disintegrating means for disintegrating of material pieces, that will not pass between the grating elements without such disintegrating. The grating elements are in one common design straight rods, provided parallel to each other. With this design it is possible to provide means for turning of the rods, which may facilitate the stripping of all sides of the rods. The grating means may also be formed with symmetry axes in the form of complete or parts of circles, provided concentrically. This design may enable a compact design of an efficient device according to the invention. The invention shall now be described more in detail, reference being made to the enclosed figures, of which: figure 1 shows a plane view of part of a grating according to the invention, figure 2 shows a side view towards the grating in figure 1, figure 3 shows a support element in the grating in figure 1, figure 4 shows an end view towards rods in the grating in figiure 1, and figure 5 shows a cross section through a rod, I-beam formed, with corresponding recesses, figure 6 shows a plane view of a portion of a device, with guiding elements at the upper side of the grating elements, for guiding of material perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the grating element, figure 7 shows a side view of a grating element with guiding elements for guiding of material at the upper side of the grating element in the longitudinal direction same, figure 8 shows a grating element with a turnable guiding element at the lower side of grating element for guiding of material below the grating element, figure 9 A shows a cross section of two grating elements with disintegrating elements, figure 9 B shows a plane view of the objects in figure 9 A, figure 10 shows a plane view of an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention, whilst figure 11 shows, in perspective, part of a grating element in the form of a rod, which is turnable. In the following a device according to the invention is disclosed, which can be a grating above the manure of a cow- house, or a grating below a silo, filled with chips or pellets for dosage into a thermal power station, or a grating at the water inlet to a hydroelectric station or other usage. In figure 1 the support walls of a grating are marked by 1, 2, rods in a first group by 3 and rods in another group by 4, and four support elements, standing at right angle to the rods by 5, 6, 7, 8. In reality there are provided along the longitudinal extension of the grating possibly a number of support elements at equal mutual distances, and the rods are correspondingly longer. From figure 3 it is obvious, that a support element in the form of plate iron at the upper side is provided with a number of quadratic recessses 9. The rods 3 and 4 have corresponding cross secctions, i e such that the rods may run treely guided by the recesses. The rods ά in the tirst group are fastened to a first perpendicular link 10 and the rods 4 in the other group are fastened to a second perpendicular link 11. To the link 10 there is fastened a vertical arm 12, and to the link 11 a corresponding arm 13. These arms are connected to the bar 15 of an hydraulic piston- cylinder 14, respectively to a fastening link 16, the rods being driven to and fro, with the rods 3 in the first group and the rods 4 in the second group moving in opposite directions, such that manure is stripped off at the recesses 9 in the support elements. The piston- cylinder is in this case free- hanging and the length of stroke is limited by the impact of the arms 12 and 13 at the support elements 5 and 8 according to known technique with pressure sensing valves. In figure 5 there is shown the cross section of a rod 18 in the form of an I-beam, running through a corresponding recess in a support element 18. this embodiment gives a high strength with limited demand of material. Figure 6 shows a first group of grating elements 19, coupled together, and second group grating elements 20. Those first mentioned are provided, at the upper side, with guiding elements 21 for guiding of material, present at the upper side, to the space between the grating elements for passage through the grating. The guiding element 22 is arranged between two grating elements 19 in the first group. Figure 7 shows side view of a portion of a grating element 23, at the upper side provided with a claque 24 for guiding of material at the upper side in the longitudinal direction. In figure 8 there is a side view of a grating element 25, at the lower side provided with a swingable guiding element 26, intended to bring material, e g manure, below a grating, e g in a manure gully. To the left the movement of the grating element to the left is shown, conveying material, and to the right its movement to the right, as the guiding element passes material. It may be an advantage, if more or less hard material in the form of pieces can be brought to pass the device according to the invention even if it originally has dimensions, exceeding the space between the grating elements. In figure 9 A there is shown, in cross section, an embodiment of grπting element 27, 28, downwards narrowing, which are driven in opposite directicns, at the upper side provided with disintegrating elements 29, 30, which suit." - is obvious from the plane view in figure 9 B, may be wave- formed for efficient function. They may of course also be straight. The edges may or may not be provided with toothing. In the embodiments, that are disclosed above, the grating elements are in all cases straight. A plane view of an alternative embodiment is shown in figure 10. Here the device comprises a first group of grating elements 31, 32 and a second group 33, 34, cooperaing with stripper means 35 resp 36, whereby all grating elements show symmetry axes, following concentric circles. Hereby a compact design can be achieved. One special embodiment is shown in figure 11, with a portion of rod- formed grating element 37, moving between L- formed stripper means 38, 39, which are arranged with every second with the horisontal portion to the right resp to the left perpendicular to the grating element. With this design it is possible to turn, intermittently, the grating element 37 by a turning mechanism 40, which is only indicated in the figure, but which may consist of an electric motor with a pinion, or a piston-cylinder device with a crank. If the distance between the stripper means is not to short the rod- formed grating elements will bow when turned, which turning is yet possible. In certain fields of usage it may be suitable to arrange the L- formed stripper means movable perpendicular to the driving direction, against spring elements, which will facilitate the turning of the grating elements.

Claims: Claims 1. A device for facilitating the passage of at least one partial material flow and possibly separating of another partial material flow, being a constituent of a material flow, which device has the form of a grating, built from a number of grating elements, preferably provided at equal distances from each other, characterised in that the grating elements (3, 4) are connected to driving means (14, 15, 16) which are arranged to drive the grating elements backwards and forwards through stripper means (5, 6, 7, 8) in order to make free the passage between the grating elements for at least one material flow. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in, that the stripper means are formed like recesses (9) in support elements (5), which recesses correspond to at least part of the cross section of the grating elements. 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in, that the grating elements are arranged in one first (3) and one second (4) group, with every second grating element in the first group and every second in a second group, the grating elements in the both groups being driven in opposite directions in relationship to each other. 4. A device according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in, that grating elements (3,4) have rectangular cross section. A device according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in, that the grating elements (27 28) have a cross section, that is narrowing in the direction of the material flow. 6. A device according to claims 1- 5, characterised in, that grating elements have a cross section, that is at least partly substantially circular. 7. A device according to any of claims 1-6, characterised in, that the grating elements (19,20) are provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with guiding elements (21, 22), arranged to guide the material perpendicularly to the driving direction of the grating elements, i e in the direction towards the interspace between the grating elements. 8. A device according to any of claims 1-7, characterised in, that the grating elements (23) are provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with guiding elements (24), arranged to guide the material along the driving direction of the grating elements. 9. A device according to any of claims 3 - 8 characterised in, that the grating elements (27,28) are provided, at the side, that is turned to the material flow, with disintegrating means (29, 30) for disintgrating of material pieces, that will not pass between the grating elements without such disintegrating. 10. A device according to any of claims 1 - 9 that the grating elemenst (3,4) are formed like straight rods, provided parallel to each other. 11. A device according to any of claims 1 - 9 characterised in, that the device is provided with L- formed stripper means, which are arranged every second with the horisontal portion perpendicular to the driving direction to the right and every second to the left, with means for turning of said rods. 12. A device according to any of claims 1 - 9 characterised in, that the grating means (33,34) are formed with symmetry axes in the form of complete or parts of circles, provided concentrically.

Inventors: TINGSVIK LARS, TINGSVIK, LARS
Applicants: TINGSVIK LARS, TINGSVIK, LARS
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A01K1
IPC codes: A01K1, B07B1, E02B8