INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

Abstract: An industrial robot for movement of an object in space comprising a platform arranged for carrying the object, a first arm arranged for influencing the platform in a first movement and comprising a first actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the first actuator, a second arm arranged for influencing the platform in a second movement and comprising a second actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the second actuator, and a third arm arranged for influencing the platform in a third movement and comprising a third actuator and a link, which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the third actuator. The first actuator comprises a first motor, a first path arranged in a first plane and a first carriage linearly movable along the first path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, the second actuator comprises a second motor, a second path arranged in a second plane and a second carriage linearly movable along the second path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, and the third actuator comprises a third motor, a third path arranged in a third plane and a third carriage linearly movable along the third path, whereby the inner joint is linearly displaceable.

Description: Industrial robot TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an industrial robot comprising a manipulator and control equipment for moving an object in space. The manipulator comprises a platform jointly supported by a plurality of arms comprising linkages. Each arm is associated with an actuator with the purpose of moving the linkage of the arm in parallel such that a movement of the platform is attained. The task of the platform is to directly or indirectly support tools or objects, large as well as small, for movement, measurement, processing, working, joining, etc. In particular, the manipulator is intended to be used in the manufacturing industry but also transfer of goods and passageways for passengers in harbours and airports may come into question. BACKGROUND ART A manipulator which comprises more than one arm and where at least two arms each form a chain of joints between the actuators of the manipulator and the platform which is to be manipulated is called a parallel kinematic manipulator. For a fully built-up parallel kinematic manipulator for movement of a platform with three degrees of freedom (e.g. in directions x, y and z in a Cartesian system of coordinates) , three parallel-working arms are required, and if all the six degrees of freedom of the platform are to be manipulated, six parallel-working arms are required. In many industrial applications where at present linear manipulators of a so- called gantry type are used, four degrees of freedom are normally required, which means that a corresponding parallel kinematic manipulator shall have four parallel arms. To obtain a stiff arm system with a large loading capacity and a low weight, the lower arms of the parallel kinematic manipulator nearest the manipulated platform shall have a total of six links which only transmit compressive and ten- sile forces. For a manipulator for four degrees of freedom and four arms, this implies that the four lower arms must share the six links between them and this can only be done with certain combinations, such as, for example, 2/2/1/1 or 3/1/1/1. If one of the links is used for transmitting torque in addition to compressive and tensile forces, the following possible combinations for a parallel kinematic manipulator with four degrees of freedom are also obtained: 3/2/1, 2/2/2. These combinations may also be used when only three degrees of freedom are to be manipulated in the manipulated platform. When a rectangular working range is required in manipulator applications, so-called gantry manipulators are used today. These manipulate a platform with normally four degrees of freedom: x, y, z and rotation around the z-axis . To this end these manipulators are composed of one axis of rotation and three series-connected linear paths, on which movable units are moved in the x- , y- and z-directions . The first movable unit, which is moved along a first linear path of an actuator, supports a second linear path mounted perpendicular to the first linear path. On the second linear path, there is then a second movable unit which in turn supports a third linear path, which is mounted perpendicular to both the first and second linear paths. On the third linear path there is a third movable unit, which supports an axis of rotation when the manipulator has four degrees of freedom. The series connection of the linear paths with their associated movable units and actuators impose a number of restrictions on current gantry manipulators. • The manipulator becomes very heavy, which limits its speed of action and results in a need of expensive and energy-consuming actuators (motors). • The manipulator becomes weak and when objects or tools are moved, a undesired oscillation of the manipulator is obtained in case of movement along the path where the movement is to be made, and especially when the movement is to be stopped, so-called overshoots are obtained. • The manipulator becomes resilient when the platform is to generate forces between tools and objects, unless very expensive and complex solutions for the liner paths are used. • For the movable actuators with their associated measuring sensors, movable cabling is required, which causes poor reliability in gantry manipulators. • It is difficult to obtain high accuracy of the manipulator without providing expensive solutions involving, for example, air bearings, which at the same time give the manipulator limited speed of action. • Two parallel linear paths are normally used for suppor- ting the second linear path in the serial kinematic chain. This gives rise to an effect similar to that of a drawer in a chest of drawers getting wedged when being pushed it, and requires special, costly solutions to manage . All of these limitations when using gantry manipulators can be eliminated by a parallel kinematic manipulator which is driven by parallel-working linear paths, which do not need to support each other but where all the paths may be mounted on a fixed frame structure. An example of such a parallel kinematic robot is Hexaglide, developed at the Technical Institute of Technology ETH in Zurich. The kinematics of this is clear from Figure 1, which is described in the section DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS. Here, six movable units on three linear paths are used for guiding six degrees of freedom of the manipulated platform with the aid of six parallel links . This manipulator will have an arm system with a very low weight, will be rigid, may achieve large tool forces without yielding, has no movable cabling and may be given very high accuracy. However, this manipulator has too small a working range to replace the gantry manipulators that are used at present in various industrial applications. In addition, this parallel kinematic robot requires six actuators also when only four degrees of freedom are to be manipulated, which results in an unnecessarily high price of the manipulator. Finally, the control programs which are to attend to the movement of the manipulator become extensive. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a new base structure for parallel kinematic manipulators based on linearly driven actuators and which solve the problems which occur in the parallel kinematic manipulator described above. With the embodiments for parallel kinematic manipulators based on the new base structure described in this invention, most of the current industrial requirements of manipulators with rectangular working ranges may be solved at a lower cost and with a higher performance compared with current serial kinematic gantry structures. Examples of gantry manipulators which may be replaced by a parallel kinematic structure according to the invention are: • Coordinates measuring machines for high-precision measurement of components and prefabricated products in the engineering industry. • Machine tools for grinding, drilling, milling, deburring and other machining. • Test machines in semiconductor manufacture, wherein semiconductor plates are to be moved to a probe station and be pressed with great force against a matrix of contacts for measuring the quality of the semiconductor material . • Assembly machines for electronics, wherein the electronic components with great speed and high precision are to be moved to a correct position on, for example, a printed circuit board. • Handling robots for pharmaceutical applications, for example for moving microplates during screening. 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In other embodiments, the paths are arranged in different ways. They are thus arranged in the same plane, in different planes, or in angled planes. The paths are also arranged jointly for several carriages. In yet another embodiment, the manipulator is arranged with a fourth arm for influencing a fourth movement of the manipulator. This movement may be rotation of the platform. The movable units, the carriages, which move with parallel linear movements on the linear paths, support the parallel kinematic arm system. To obtain a high rigidity, a high accuracy and a low weight of the arm system, this system is designed such that the platform that is to be manipulated is mounted with the aid of joints on six links (articulated rods) , with one joint per articulated rod. Each joint has two or three degrees of freedom and the articulated rods are configured such that they may lock or manipulate each one of the six degrees of freedom of the platform. 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H CD ro O TJ CL rf H F 1 < Ω F- £ SD F- SD O O rr P ii £ £ SD Hi O en CL O SD £ rr F- CL ϋ £ F- 00 F- 3 £ CL rr rr H £ 3 F- tr rr O 0 S < < CD £ £ ET CD CL £ - F- li rr rr Ω CO ET tr CD rr ET ED ro ι<; CL F- P- ED 0 CO 00 £ platform provides a possibility of simply using ordinary ball or roller bearings to implement the joints in question. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in greater detail by description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a manipulator designed according to the prior- art, with parallel linear paths comprising six movable units with six links between these units and the platform which is to be moved and rotated by the manipulator, Figure 2 is a manipulator according to the invention for manipulating the position of a platform under constant tilting and orientation, using only three movable units on only two parallel linear paths via six links, Figure 3 is a modification of the manipulator according to Figure 2 with the aim for manipulating, in addition to the position of the platform, also the orientation of the platform, using an additional movable unit on only two parallel linear paths, Figure 4 is an advantageous embodiment of the manipulator according to Figure 4, wherein only four movable units on only two linear paths manipulate the position and orientation of the platform around only one axis, Figures 5a and Figure 5b are advantageous implementations of the joint arrangement of the manipulator according to Figure 4, Figure 6 is another advantageous implementations of the joint arrangement of the manipulator according to Figure 4, and then in particular when the platform is subjected to great forces and torques, Figure 7 is a modification of the manipulator in Figure 4 with three movable units for manipulating the position of the platform only, whereas the inclination and orientation thereof are maintained con- stant, Figure 8 is a wall-mounted manipulator of the same type as the manipulator according to Figure 4, Figure 9 is a modified wall-mounted manipulator for obtaining a larger working range for the positioning of the platform, Figure 10 is an advantageous configuration of the linear paths for obtaining a large working range of the manipulator in the horizontal plane in the case of floor mounting, Figure 11 is a first embodiment of the manipulator for obtaining a large working range also in the vertical plane with a configuration of the linear paths according to Figure 10, Figure 12 is the working range in the horizontal plane which is obtained with a configuration of the linear paths according to Figures 10 and 11, Figure 13 is a variant of the embodiment of the manipulator in Figure 11 for obtaining a large working range also in the vertical plane, Figure 14 is an embodiment of the manipulator according to Figure 13 for obtaining a large working range also in the case of rotation of the platform around an axis , Figure 15 is an alternative embodiment with a third linear path for obtaining a large working range also in the case of rotation of the platform, Figure 16 is an advantageous alternative embodiment of the manipulator for obtaining a large working range of the manipulated platform, both with regard to positioning and rotation around an axis, using two linear paths and four movable units, Figure 17 is a variant of an embodiment of the manipulator in Figure 16 when a simple design is more important than a large working range for rotation of the platform, and Figure 18 is an alternative embodiment of the manipulator for illustrating the problems that arise when the main object of the invention is not fulfilled. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 shows the prior art for manipulating, on linear paths 10, 11 and 15, a platform 1 by means of links 13-18, which only transmit compressive and tensile stresses. The six links 13-18 are provided at each end with joints 13a-18a and 13b-16b, respectively. The joints have two or three degrees of freedom and the links are mounted, via the joints 13a-18a, on the platform 1 that is to be manipulated. With the joints 13b-18b, the links are mounted on the movable units 2, 3, 4, 5, 26, 27 with one link for each movable unit. The movable units are controlled by actuators β, 7, 8, 9, 29 and 28 and may be positioned along the linear paths 10, 11, 25 independently of each other. 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H £ CL ED tn F- rr tQ CD ΓT £ £ 3 tQ CD £ 3 3 tr CL ro ED ^ — - O o CD tQ < CL F- CD £ ~ Ω N en tr £ o £ ED CL ED CD F- O rr rr F- SD - F- ro £ < IQ F- £ f rr to F- tr < ii £ SD F- £ ro £ tr rr C £ CD ED 1 < rf Ω F- CD rr £ CL ET ^ rr rr ro SD ro CL Ω rf ω F- £ ro rf ET CD ED ED £ rf CD rr tr tr X SD F- CD tr tr Ω ET J SD ED SD CD rr O CL Hi ET ET CD F- rr O CD en ii li E SD F- LΠ 3 F 1 O CD 1 £ o H F- rf £ ET ET ET •— ^ CD H CD ϋ £ F- Hi ro £ ii tn ED CD CO ti ro Hi £ F- CD - F- CD SD O H H rf Ω CL CD H F- £ & IS! iQ ED TJ rf rr tQ O J 00 CL Hi rr £ rr O CD O σ O 3 en F- £ 3 rr F- 1 £ rr ro ED PJ ET ET ET tsr rr o ro F- O F- ET rf F- LΠ ED rr 0 TJ £ ET 0 £ SD F- o iQ rf CD CD CD 1 ET F- £ SD en H O Hi CD EU SD rf O rr ED CL 3 £ F- £ tQ X ti ii £ ET tQ en ii CD £ rr rr SD CD £ li rr rr ET £ F- rf F- o rr tn F- ro en ED F- CD H I O CL O F- F- CD O F- I <! ED rr en CL ! rf 1 ED 3 0 < £ 0 ro 1 LΠ O O CD ET ED en £ CD I £ CL £ CD which the joints 13a, 14a, 17a, 15a and 16a are mounted. The platform rod also includes a horizontal lever arm Ig, at the end of which the joint 18 is mounted. The joints 13a and 14a connect the parallel and equally long links 13 and 14 to the vertical platform rod and at their other ends these links are connected via the joints 13b and 14b to the rod 2B, which is parallel to the platform rod and which is mounted on the movable unit 2. In the same way, the joints 15a and 16b connect the parallel and equally long links 15 and 16 to the platform rod. At their other ends, the parallel links 15 and 16 are mounted on the rod 3B via the joints 15b and 16b. The rod 3B is parallel to the platform rod and is mounted on the movable unit 3. The joint 17b is used for the link 17, which, via the joint 17b, is manipulated by the movable unit 5. The links 13-17 lock all the degrees of freedom of the platform rod except the rotation around its symmetry axis . To lock (and manipulate) this degree of freedom, the link 18 is used which, via the joint 18a and the lever arm Ig, can rotate the lever arm rod and hence the platform 1. At its other end, the link 18 is mounted, via the joint 18b, on the movable unit 4, which thus controls the orientation of the platform 1 without influencing the inclination of the platform (the inclination being determined by the rods 2B and 3B via the links 13, 14, 15 and 16). The joints on the platform rod may be implemented as universal joints, ball joints or with suitably arranged ball bearings. Figure 5a shows an implementation using ball joints. The balls for the joints 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a and 17a have a vertical hole through which a shaft 20 extends which connects the platform 1 to the lever arm lg. Between the ball to the joint 13a and the platform 1, a sleeve la is mounted, and between the balls to the joints 14a-16a the sleeves la-le are mounted, and below the ball to the joint 16a the sleeve If is mounted. With the nut 21 on the shaft 20, the balls 13a-17a with the intermediate sleeves are clamped in the platform 1, thus forming a platform rod. In the shaft 10, the lever arm lg is fixedly mounted such that a movement of the link 18 gives rise to a rotation of the platform rod, which is journalled in the joints 13a-17a. The design of the joints 13a-17a is shown in Figure 4b, exemplified by the joint 17a. The joint is seen in cross section from above with the shaft 20 inside the perforated ball. On the link 17, a joint holder 22 is mounted. The joint holder presses the angle 23 against one side of the ball and the plate 24 against the other side of the ball. The angle 23 gives at least three contact surfaces with the ball and the plate 24 at least one contact surface. The corresponding joint design may also be implemented on the rods 2B and 3B in Figure 4. The embodiment of the joints according to Figures 5a and 5b is primarily suited for applications where not too large forces are to be applied to the platform 1. In those cases where larger forces influence the platform 1, universal joints or angularly adjusted ball or roller bearings according to Figure 6 may be used. The figure exemplifies the joint arrangement with the links 15 and 16. The implementation of the joints themselves is explained starting from the joint 16b. On the rod 3B a bearing 16bIII is mounted, and on both sides of this bearing, two other bearings 16bII and 16bl are mounted. In the figure, the axis of rotation for the bearing 16bIII is vertical and for the bearings 16bl and 16bII horizontal. On the bearings 16bl and 16bII, a bridge 16B is mounted (the bridge 16A at the other end of the link 16 being more clearly shown) , and on this bridge the link 16 is mounted. With this design, the platform rod interconnects the joints by simply mounting the bearings with a vertical axis of rotation on the rods, and the parts Id, le, etc., of the rod are thus in this case a continuous shaf t . The manipulator in Figure 4 manipulates the platform 1 with four degrees of freedom. For the sake of completeness, Figure 7 shows the base structure for manipulation with three degrees of freedom. The links 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are mounted in exactly the same way as in Figure 4. The only difference is that the link 18 is now mounted on the movable unit 3 and that the movable unit 4 with the associated actuator 9 has been removed. The link 18 is chosen with the same length as the links 15 and 16 and is mounted so as to become parallel to these links. To this end, the movable unit 3 is provided with an arm 3C, which together with the lever arm lg ensures that the link 18 is parallel to the links 15 and 16. Alternatively, the link 18 is mounted on the movable unit 2 or 5 and then parallel to the links 13 , 14 and 17, respectively. By moving the units 2, 3 and 5, the position in the x- , y- and z-directions of the platform 1 can now be controlled. In Figures 4 and 7, the platform rod is perpendicular to the surface, which is clamped by the linear paths 10 and 11. However, the platform rod may be given a different angle relative to the linear paths by inclining the rods 2B and 3B, provided, however, that the rods 2B and 3B are still parallel. In an extreme case, the rods 2B and 3B are chosen to be parallel to the plane that is clamped by the linear paths, and such a con iguration is shown in Figure 8. Here, the linear paths are wall-mounted above each other and approximately at the same plane, which, however, is not necessary. The tilt angles of the platform 1 are locked by the links 13, 14, 15 and 16, which also substantially control the movement of the platform in the xy-plane. The link 17 substantially controls the movement of the platform in the z-direction, and the link 18 controls the rotation of the platform around the z-axis (Vz) . In the same way as in Figure 7, the rotation of the platform around the z-axis may be maintained constant by mounting the link 18 on the unit 2 or the unit 3 or the unit 5. In all three cases, the link 18 is mounted parallel to the link/links which is/are already on the platform in question and is made with the same length as this link/these links. Figure 9 shows an arrangement, which has the advantage that the manipulator may be given a larger working range relative to the length of the linear paths 10 and 11. This is achieved by providing the manipulator with an extra set of arms 62, 68 and 72 with the task of imparting to the links 13, 14 and 15, 16 and 17, respectively, larger movements than in previous embodiments where these links are directly mounted on the movable units of the linear paths. However, this advantage entails the disadvantage that the mechanics becomes more complex and that the manipulator becomes mechanically less rigid. The links 13 and 14 are here mounted, via the joints 13b and 14b, on a vertical beam 61 which may be pivoted in the horizontal plane by being fixedly mounted on the swinging arm 62. This swinging arm is mounted, via the joint 65 (1 degree of freedom) , on the block 66 which is mounted on the movable unit 66. In a corresponding way, the links 15 and 16 are mounted on the beam 67, which is secured to the swinging arm 68. This swinging arm is mounted on the movable unit 2 via the joint 70 and the block 71. Between the swinging arms 62 and 68, there is a bar 64, which is articulately connected to the swinging arms through joints 63 and 69. This bar causes a relative movement between the movable units 2 and 3 to give rise to a pivoting movement of the swinging arms 68 and 69 , which in turn entails a movement in the y-direction of the platform 1. To obtain upward and downward movements of the platform 1, the link 17 is mounted, via the joint 17a, to a swinging arm 72, which is substantially adapted to swing in the vertical plane. The arm 72 is connected, via the joint 73, to the block 74 on the movable unit 2. The arm 72 is caused to swing by the relative movement between the movable unit 2 and the movable unit 4. This is made possible through the link 75, which connects the movable unit 4 to the swinging arm 72 by means of the joints 75b and 75a. The rotation of the platform 1 is obtained in the same way as in Figure 8 with the aid of the lever arm le and the link 18. Figure 10 shows an alternative configuration for obtaining a larger working range. The linear paths 10 and 11 are here located on the side, facing each other, and are mutually parallel (distorted perspective in the figure) . The link pairs 13, 14 and 15, 16 are mounted on the movable units 2 and 3, respectively, the single link 17 is mounted on the movable unit 5 and the link 18, which is responsible for the rotation of the platform 1 around the z-axis, is mounted on the unit 4. By connecting the unit 18 to any of unit 2 , 3 or 5 as previously described, the platform 1 may be positioned under a constant angle or rotation. The configuration with the link pairs 13, 14 and 15, 16 manipulated between the linear paths 10 and 11 opens up new possibilities for obtaining a parallel kinematic gantry manipulator with a very large working range. To be successful in doing so, however, an arrangement of link 17 different from that in Figure 10 is required. An example of such an arrangement is shown in Figure 11. The link 17 is here manipulated by the movable unit 4 via the joint 17b, the link 17D and the joint 17e. When the joint 17e is moved by the movable unit 4 along the linear path 11, the joint 17b will be swung around an axis, which extends between the joints 17c and 17d. This oscillation gives rise to large vertical movements of the joint 17a, resulting in the plat- form 1 being manipulated with a large working range in the z-direction. The joint 17b is connected to the joints 17c and 17d with the aid of the links 17B and 17C and the platform 1 will be manipulated in the z-direction as soon as any of the movable units 2 , 3 and 4 are moved relative to one another. In other respects, the manipulator in Figure 11 is identical with that shown in Figure 10. As mentioned above, a parallel kinematic gantry robot with parallel links operating between the linear paths will be given a very large working range. This is illustrated in Figure 12, which is a simplified projection of the manipulator according to Figure 11, viewed from above. Only the movable units 2 and 3, which determine the working range in the xy-plane, are shown together with associated upper links 13 and 15 as well as one of the joints (13a) on the platform rod and the joints 13b and 15b on the movable units. If the links 13 and 15 are each made longer than the distance between the parallel linear paths, the working range of the manipulator in the xy-plane will be able to cover a surface almost as large as the surface between the linear paths. With a suitable arrangement for manipulation of the platform 1 in the z-direction, this working range in xy-plane will apply also to a relatively large depth in the z-direction, even if the working range will always become narrower below and above the plane formed by the linear paths 10 and 11. A somewhat simpler arrangement for obtaining a large working range in the z-direction is shown in Figure 13. Here, the link 17 is mounted on the arm 36 via the joint 17b (with two or three degrees of freedom) , the arm 36 in turn being connected to the movable unit 4 through the joint 35 (with one degree of freedom) . The arm 36 is caused to swing around, the axis of the joint 35 when the movable units 3 and 4 move relative to each other. This function is achieved by the fact that the arm 36 has a lever arm 34, which, via the joint 33, is connected to the movable unit 3 via the arm 32. The arm 32 is fixedly mounted on the movable unit 3 with the aid of the joint 31, which allows the arm 32 to swing in the vertical plane. The links 13-16 are arranged in the same way as in Figures 10 and 11. On the other hand, the link 18 is configured to maintain a constant angle of rotation of the platform 1. This is achieved by allowing the link 18 to form a parallelogram with the links 13 and 14, which is achieved with the arm 2A fixedly mounted on the movable unit 2. As an alternative, the link 18 may be mounted in a corresponding way on the movable unit 3. In several cases it is desired to rotate the platform 1 at least one full turn around the z-axis. Figure 14 shows one way of doing this. The link 17 here has a universal joint at each end, whereby the link will function as a universal driving shaft transmission. The universal joint 17b is connected to the gear wheel 38 via the shaft 37. The shaft 37 is maintained single-axis-articulated by the arm 36, which also holds the slide 40 for the rack 39. The rack 39, in turn, is mounted on the movable unit 5 via the joint 41, the fork 42, the arm 43 and the joint 44. The device for controlling the arm 36 is the same as in Figure 13. When the movable unit 5 is moved relative to the movable unit 4, the rack 39 will move in the slide 40 and hence rotate on the gear wheel 38, which in turn results in the universal transmission 17b, 17 and 17a imparting to the platform rod la-le, and hence to the platform 1, a rotational movement around the z-axis. The arrangement with the arms 36 and 43 in Figure 14 may result in certain problems as regards the rigidity of the platform to forces in the z-direction and torque around the z-axis. One way of increasing the rigidity with regard to these components is to introduce another linear path 47 according to Figure 15. The linear paths 10 and 11 now only have the movable units 2 and 3 whereas the movable units 4 and 5 are located on the linear path 47. It should be pointed out here that a linear path may very well consist of two separate tracks, one for each movable unit. However, there is never any need of the movable units passing each other, so the most economical solution is to allow two units to share the same track but have different drive trans- missions such as, for example, ball screws and belts. The linear path 47 is responsible for the movements of the platform in the z-direction and its rotation around the z- axis . The movement in the z-direction is achieved by movement of the movable unit 4, whereby the link 17 moves the platform rod la-le up or down. The rotation around the z- axis is achieved by moving the movable unit 5 relative to the movable unit 4. This will cause the rack 39 to rotate the gear wheel 38, which in turn rotates the universal transmission 17b, 17, 17a, resulting in the platform rod and hence the platform 1 rotating. The gear wheel 38 is fixedly journalled in the movable unit 4 and the rack 39 is fixed in the movable unit 5 by means of the joint 41. The slide 40 for holding the rack 39 against the gear wheel 38 is mounted on the movable unit 4. In principle, the universal transmission for transmitting a rotational movement to the platform 1 may be implemented by any of the links included in the manipulator. Figure 16 illustrates this fact. Here, the link 16 is used for the universal transmission, and for obtaining the correct direction of the rotational movement to the platform 1, a bevel gear pair with the wheels 48 and 49 is used. The platform 1 is here mounted on a shaft la, which is mounted in a bearing in the gear wheel holder 58. The orientation and the position of the gear wheel holder 58 are determined by the links 13-18, where the link 16 is at the same time used for transmitting the rotational movement. The universal joint 16a is in direct connection with the bevel wheel 49 via the shaft 50 which is fixedly journalled to the gear wheel holder 58, the bevel wheel 49 in its turn driving the bevel wheel 48 and hence the platform 1. At its other end the link 16 is in direct connection, via the universal joint 16b, with the gear wheel 38 by means of the shaft 37, which gear wheel 38 is journalled in the movable unit 3. In the same way as in Figure 15, the gear wheel is driven round by a rack 39, which is fixed to the movable unit 4 with the joint 41. On the movable unit 3, the rack 39 is pressed against the gear wheel 38 by a bearing 40, whereby a relative movement between the movable units 3 and 4 gives rise to a rotation of the gear wheel 38. For the manipulation in the z-direction, the link 17 is connected at its other end, via the joint 17b, to the arm 53 which, by means of the joint 52, is mounted on an angle holder 51 on the movable unit 2. The arm 53 is caused by the link 56 to swing around the joint 52 when the movable unit 5 moves relative to the movable unit 2. Figure 16 also shows the two mathematical lines 80 and 81. These are defined by centre points for the joints 13a, 14a and 15a, 16a, respectively. Common to the manipulators which have been described so far and which characterize the invention is that these mathematical lines (80, 81) are parallel. In Figures 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15, these lines are, in addition, coinciding. It is necessary that the mathematical lines 80 and 81 be parallel for the platform 1 to be able to rotate without obtaining a simultaneous change of the inclination. This is exemplified by Figures 17 and 18. In Figure 17, the lines 80 and 81 are parallel and the platform 1 is given a pure rotational movement when the movable unit 4 moves relative to the movable unit 3. In Figure 18, however, the lines 80 and 81 are not parallel and when the movable unit 4 moves relative to the movable unit 3 in this case, the inclination of the platform 1 will at the same time be changed, which is not desirable in the majority of applications. Figure 17 is a variant of the basic structure in Figure 16. The rotation of the platform 1 is carried out in Figure 17 by the link 18 instead of by means of the universal transmission and the bevel gear pair as in Figure 16. This provides a simpler manipulator design, but at the expense of a smaller number of rotations of the platform being carried out . In Figure 18, the platform 1 is in the form of a frame such that the mathematical line 80 becomes vertical and the mathematical line 81 horizontal. The links 17 and 18 are so mounted that the joints 17a and 18a form a mathematical line in the horizontal plane, which may not be parallel to the line 81. The links 17 and 18 are manipulated by the movable unit 4 on the linear path 47 mounted horizontally over the working range, the link 15 is manipulated by the movable unit 4 and the link 16 by the movable unit 4, both on the vertically angled path 11, and the links 13 and 14 are manipulated by the movable unit 2 on the vertically angled opposite path 10. To obtain the desired geometrical relationships between the points of mounting of the link 17 and 18, an angled beam 4B is used on the movable unit 4. If the links 15 and 16 are held parallel provided that they are of equal length, the platform 1 may be manipulated with a constant inclination.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An industrial robot for movement of an object in space comprising a platform arranged for carrying the object, a first arm arranged for influencing the platform in a first movement and comprising a first actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the first actuator, a second arm arranged for influencing the platform in a second movement and comprising a second actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the second actuator, and a third arm arranged for influencing the platform in a third movement and comprising a third actuator and a link, which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the third actuator, characterized in that the first actuator comprises a first motor, a first path arranged in a first plane and a first carriage linearly movable along the first path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, the second actuator comprises a second motor, a second path arranged in a second plane and a second carriage linearly movable along the second path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, and the third actuator comprises a third motor, a third path arranged in a third plane and a third carriage linearly movable along the third path, whereby the inner joint is linearly displaceable. 2. An industrial robot according to claim 1, characterized in that the links of the first arm, the first carriage and the platform form a first parallelogram, and the links of the second arm, the second carriage, and the platform form a second parallelogram. 3. An industrial robot according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that all of the outer joints are arranged on a straight line. 4. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first arm comprises an additional link with an inner joint arranged in the first carriage and an outer joint arranged in the platform, whereby all of the links of the first arm are arranged in parallel. 5. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joints of the first arm and the joints of the second arm are arranged with three degrees of freedom. 6. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two planes are arranged in parallel. 7. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two planes coincide . 8. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one plane forms an angle with the other planes. 9. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that two of the paths are integrated into one and the same path, whereby two of the carriages are individually movable along the integrated path. 10. An industrial robot according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the industrial robot comprises a fourth arm arranged for influencing the platform in a fourth movement and comprising a fourth actuator with a fourth motor, a fourth path arranged in a fourth plane, a fourth carriage linearly movable along the fourth path, and a link comprising an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the fourth carriage . 11. An industrial robot according to claim 10, characterized in that the fourth path coincides with one of the other paths . 12. An industrial robot according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the fourth movement is a rotational movement of the platform. 13. A method for manufacturing an industrial robot by means of which an object is moved in space, comprising the industrial robot being provided with a platform arranged for carrying the object, a first arm arranged for influencing the platform in a first movement and comprising a first actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the first actuator, a second arm arranged for influencing the platform in a second movement and comprising a second actuator and two links, each of which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the second actuator, and a third arm arranged for influencing the platform in a third movement and comprising a third actuator and a link, which comprises an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the third actuator, characterized in that the first actuator is brought to comprise a first motor, a first path arranged in a first plane and a first carriage linearly movable along the first path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, the second actuator is brought to comprise a second! motor, a second path arranged in a second plane and a second carriage linearly movable along the second path, whereby the two inner joints are displaceable in parallel, and that the third actuator is brought to comprise a third motor, a third path arranged in a third plane and a third carriage linearly movable along the third path, whereby the inner joint is linearly displaceable. 14. A method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the links of the first arm, the first carriage and the platform are brought to form a first parallelogram, and the links of the second arm, the second carriage and the platform are brought to form a second parallelogram. 15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that all of the outer joints are arranged on a straight line . 16. A method according to any of claims 13-15, characterized in that the first arm is brought to comprise an additional link with the inner joint arranged in the first carriage and an outer joint arranged in the plat- form, whereby all of the links of the first arm are arranged in parallel . 17. A method according to any of claims 13-16, characterized in that the joints of the first arm and the joints of the second arm are arranged with three degrees of freedom. 18. A method according to any of claims 13-17, characterized in that at least two planes are arranged in parallel. 19. A method according to any of claims 13-18, characterized in that at least two planes are arranged to coincide . 20. A method according to any of claims 13-19, characterized in that at least one plane is arranged to form an angle with the other planes . 21. A method according to any of claims 13-20, characterized in that two of the paths are integrated into one and the same path, whereby two of the carriages are arranged to be individually movable along the integrated path. 22. A method according to any of claims 13-21, characterized in that the motor for movement of the carriage to the respective path is arranged at the end of the path, the paths thus being kept free of cabling. 23. A method according to any of claims 13-22, characterized in that the industrial robot is brought to comprise a fourth arm arranged for influencing the plat- form in a fourth movement and comprising a fourth actuator with a fourth motor, a fourth path arranged in a fourth plane, a fourth carriage linearly movable along the fourth path, and a link comprising an outer joint arranged in the platform and an inner joint arranged in the fourth carriage. 24. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the fourth path is caused to coincide with one of the other paths . 25. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the fourth movement is adapted to include rotation of the platform. 26. Use of an industrial robot according to claims 1-12, or a method according to claims 13-25 for assembly in the manufacturing industry. 27. Use of an industrial robot according to claims 1-12, or a method according to claims 13-25 for transport of objects in the haulage industry.

Inventors: BROGAARDH TORGNY, BROGAARDH, TORGNY
Applicants: ABB AB, BROGAARDH TORGNY, BROGAARDH, TORGNY
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B25J17
IPC codes: B23Q1, B25J9, B25J11, B25J17, F16H21