Fabric closure for open-end cargo containers

Abstract: A fabric closure (10) for open end cargo containers (12) of the type having a plurality of side walls (14), a top wall (16), a bottom wall (20), and at least one open end, includes a fabric panel (22) formed of high-strength yarns, multiple web strap pairs (24,25 and 26,28) attached to the panel (22), and adjustable fasteners (34,36) attached to the web strap pairs (24,25 and 26,28) to prevent items of cargo stowed in the container (12) from passing around or through the fabric closure (10).

Description: The present invention relates generally to curtains or closures for covering the open ends of cargo containers, luggage trailers, and trucks according to the preamble of claim 1, and, more particularly, to a unitary fabric and webbing closure that functions both as a cut-resistant cargo curtain and a load retainer. US patent 5,395,682 discloses a closure according to the preamble of claim 1. Cargo containers of many forms have been used for transporting land, sea, and air cargo for many years. One type of cargo container is box-like, with at least two side walls, a top, and a flat bottom. Typically, one end of the cargo container is open for loading and unloading cargo. Various door closures can be used for opening and closing the open ends of such containers. One type of closure has been a rigid door closure which covers the opening to reduce tampering, to prevent the loss of small items, and to prevent the cargo from being exposed to dirt, moisture, and ultraviolet light. Another type of closures include the combination of a webbing and a fabric closure. This type of closure is generally preferred over rigid door closures because it tends to be much lighter and less expensive. The fabric covers have typically been formed from canvas, or vinyl coated nylon or polyester. However, each of these fabrics lacks the durability to withstand physical stresses or lacks resistance to environmental conditions or harsh chemicals common to the transportation industry. For example, exposure to ultraviolet light, diesel and jet fuels, and oils, tends to rapidly degrade such fabric covers. Accordingly, the durability of a cargo cover is ultimately determined by its tear-strength, abrasion resistance, cut-and-stab resistance and ability to withstand environmental and chemical exposure. Otherwise, the product life is very limited and replacement costs are high. Because fabric covers lack the durability to also serve as load retainers, a separate webbing or netting is required to keep the cargo restrained so that it cannot pass through the covered end or fall out. There is known in the art a cargo curtain in the form of a woven fabric wherein the yarns of the fabric are constructed of long-chain extended (ultra-high molecular weight) polyethylene fibers. Curtains formed from this woven fabric have exhibited increased strength and durability, and are considerably lighter than fabrics previously available. As a result, transportation expenses and replacement costs have been reduced. However, the sheer mass and bulk of cargo stowed in cargo containers still often require that additional measures be taken to secure cargo within the containers so that small articles are not lost and so that large and small articles do not penetrate the cargo curtains. Again, restraining such loads has heretofore been achieved by applying a combination of covers and webbing or nets, thereby increasing the weight, labor requirements, and required parts inventory, while also increasing total transportation costs. Further, by their very design, webbing and nets are subject to entanglement and must be either tediously untangled, or frequently must be cut away, rendering them subsequently unserviceable. The present invention is directed to a unitary closure for covering the openings of cargo containers, baggage trailers, or trucks that accomplishes both of the above-described functions. Thus, the closure described hereinafter functions as both a cut-resistant cargo curtain and a load retainer for preventing cargo from falling out of the cargo container or otherwise penetrating the closure. This objective is achieved with the combination of the features of the characterising portion of claim 1. Further, the closure described herein may be installed or removed in a fraction of the time required to install separate covers and nets or webbing and is not subject to the entanglement problems inherent in the prior art. Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a unitary cut resistant fabric curtain and load retainer for enclosing the open ends of cargo containers having side walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall. As used here, cargo containers include uniform load devices (ULDs), air cargo containers, baggage trailers, sea-land containers, over-land trailers, and the like. The unitary fabric curtain and load retainer includes at least one panel of fabric formed of at least one layer of fabric woven with yarns formed from fibers sufficiently cut and tear resistant to prevent cargo from penetrating the curtain. The fabric is desirably also resistant to heat, cold, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and chemicals such as diesel and jet fuels and oils. Two such yarns formed from long chain polyethylene fibers are available from Honeywell under the trademark SPECTRA® or from DSM under the trademark DYNEEMA®. However, any other suitable high-strength yarns having the characteristics described above may be used. The term "high strength yarns" means yarns formed from fibers having a tenacity exceeding 20 grams/denier, and desirably exceeding 30 grams/denier. The fabric may further be uncoated, coated, or laminated with a thermoplastic film. The fabric closure is formed so that it substantially covers the open end of the cargo container. Preferably, at least some portion overlaps the peripheral edges of the cargo container side walls and top. The overlap portion provides an additional barrier to environmental or other anticipated undesirable elements, and this barrier may be further enhanced by securing the overlap portion around the periphery of the cargo container with a cable or the like that is inserted through a hem formed in the edge of the overlap portion and fastened to the lower front corners of the container. Once the fabric closure has been secured around the periphery of the cargo container, it must be drawn taut to restrain cargo stowed in the container. One way of tensioning the fabric panel is by means of web straps and fasteners that are attached around at least part of the periphery of the fabric closure. For example, it may be desirable to attach the fabric cover along one side and along either the top or bottom of the cargo container with hooks that are attached to the outer edges of the fabric. Adjustable fasteners attached along the opposite side and top or bottom of the fabric closure may then serve the dual function of attaching the fabric closure to those sides of the cargo container as well as drawing the fabric taut, thereby restraining cargo stowed in the cargo container, while preventing items of cargo from slipping around or through the fabric closure. Preferably, the fabric closure is constructed so that opposed pairs of web straps are attached around the periphery of the fabric panel. The term "opposed pair" means that each strap of a pair is positioned at a point on the opposite side of the panel from the other so that the pair form a "load path". The straps are located to correspond with fasteners attached to the cargo container around the open end thereof. Again, each pair should include one member that is adjustable so that the cover can be made taut. When the strap pairs are attached co-linearly to a high-strength fabric panel such as that described herein, the straps and fabric combination provide load restraint at least equivalent to separately formed webbing or nets. The straps are formed of nylon, but any suitable high strength webbing material may be used. The term "high strength webbing" material means webbing having a tear strength of about 900 pounds or more per linear inch of webbing width. Desirably the straps are sewn to the fabric panel with a high strength thread such as SPECTRA® or DYNEEMA®. The web straps are secured to fasteners, such as hooks and buckles, for securing the top and opposed bottom portions of the fabric panel to the cargo container. Access to the entire open end of a cargo container is obtained by simply loosening and removing some or all of the straps and fasteners from the cargo container. However, for limited access, such as for inspection, the adjustable fasteners on at least one side of the closure may be loosened so that a side portion of the closure may be folded back. Alternatively, the closure may be constructed from two panels or from a single panel having an opening formed substantially along its length or width. Where such an opening is formed across the panel, additional fasteners are provided to appropriately close the opening for transit. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:- Figure 1 is a schematic environmental view of a closure constructed according to the present invention; Figure 2A is a perspective view of a hook assembly-type fastener for securing the closure to a cargo container; Figure 2B is a perspective view of a snap hook assembly-type fastener for securing the closure to a cargo container; Figure 2C is a perspective view of an adjustable snap hook assembly-type fastener for making the closure taut; Figure 2D is a perspective view of a flat hook and cam buckle assembly for making the closure taut; Figure 3 is a schematic environmental view of the closure of Figure 1 with an access opening formed in the closure; and Figure 4 is a front perspective view illustrating how the closure is secured around the periphery of the cargo container with a cable. Referring now to the drawings in general and Figure 1 in particular, it will be understood that the illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto. As best seen in Figure 1, a unitary fabric closure that combines the functions of the separate cut-resistant fabric and of the webbing, is depicted generally as 10. Closure 10 is used in conjunction with a cargo container 12, having side walls 14, a top wall 16, and a bottom wall 20. While the cargo container 12 shown in Figure 1 has a dome-shaped top wall 16, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that cargo containers 12 are manufactured in various shapes and sizes. Accordingly, side walls 14, top wall 16, and bottom wall 20 may vary. Closure 10 is formed from at least one panel 22 with at least one layer of a fabric woven with yarns formed from fibers sufficiently cut resistant to prevent penetration by cargo. Where added cut resistance and strength are required, multiple layers of woven fabric may be used to form a single panel 22. In the preferred embodiment, panel 22 is woven from yarns formed from long chain polyethylene fibers. Two yarns so formed are available from Honeywell under the trademark SPECTRA® or from DSM under the trademark DYNEEMA®; however, other high strength yarns having sufficient cut resistance, as well as resistance to ultraviolet radiation, diesel and jet fuels, and oils, may be used. The term "high strength yarns" means yarns formed from fibers having a tenacity exceeding 20 grams/denier, and desirably exceeding 30 grams/denier. Panel 22 is sized to completely cover the open end of cargo container 12 and to overlap the side and top edges of container 12 with an edge portion 13. Edge portion 13 provides an additional barrier to environmental or other anticipated undesirable elements. As shown in Figure 4, a hem 15 may be formed in the outer edge of portion 13 for insertion therethrough by a cable 17. Edge portion 13 may then be secured around the periphery of container 12 by fastening opposite ends of cable 17 with clamps 21, or other suitable fasteners. Once secured with clamps 21, cable 17 provides a seal by snugly holding edge portion 13 in a channel 19, such a channel 19 being conventional for cargo containers. As shown in Figure 1, a plurality of opposed web strap pairs 24 and 25 are attached to the top and bottom portions of panel 22 in such fashion and alignment as to provide the same structural arrangement, or "load path," that a series of continuous web straps might have if attached separately. That is, the combination of a high strength fabric closure with web straps attached thereto along a common axis, forms at least the equivalent restraining force as continuous straps. Similarly, opposed web strap pairs 26 and 28 are attached to opposing side portions of panel 22. Web straps 24, 25, 26, and 28 are formed from nylon, but other high strength webbing materials may be substituted. The term "high strength webbing" material means webbing having a tear strength of about 900 pounds or more per linear inch of webbing width. Straps 24, 25, 26, and 28 are desirably sewn to panel 22 with high strength threads such as SPECTRA®, or DYNEEMA® available from DSM. As is standard in the transportation industry, cargo containers 12 are already normally supplied with a plurality of straps 30 with rings 32 affixed to cargo container 12 for attaching web straps or separate webbing thereto. Web straps 24, 25, 26, and 28 are aligned to correspond with straps 30 and rings 32 for convenient attachment thereto. A variety of fastener types are commercially available for attachment to the web straps. As shown in Figure 1, fasteners 34 and 36 are attached to each of the web strap pairs 24, 25, and 26, 28. Figures 2A and 2B illustrate two types of fasteners 34' and 34" that are suitable for such attachment, although the choice of fasteners is dependent upon the specific container 12, government regulations regarding transportation of specific containers, and the particular application. While 34' is a simpler construction, 34" provides an additional measure of attachment. Figure 2A shows fastener 34' as a simple hook assembly comprised of a hook 202 attached to a ring 204 with a strap portion 206. Fastener 34' is attached to panel 22 with strap 24 or 28. Hook 202 mates with ring 32 that is connected to cargo container 12 with strap 30. Strap portion 206, as well as strap portions 306, 406, and 506 shown in Figures 2B through 2D are designed as "sacrificial loops." That is, should hook 202 require replacement, strap portion 206 may be cut to enable such replacement. A new strap potion 206 may then be looped and sewn to connect a new hook 202 to ring 204 without the need for the timely and costly replacement or alteration of straps 24 or 28 attached to panel 22. Similarly, Figure 2B illustrates an alternative fastener 34", a snap-hook assembly comprised of a snap hook 302 attached to a ring 304 with a strap portion 306. Fastener 34" is attached to panel 22 with strap 24 or 28. Snap-hook 302 mates with ring 32 connected to cargo container 12 with strap 30. The fasteners shown in Figures 2A and 2B are but two possible fasteners that may be used from the variety of available fasteners. Fasteners 34 may be simple hooks, snap hooks, or other fasteners suitable for mating with rings 32. Since fasteners 34 are non-adjustable, desirably fasteners 36 are adjustable for taking up the slack in panel 22 and providing additional load restraint for the cargo stowed in container 12. Figure 2C illustrates one possible adjustable fastener 36 suitable for such purpose, comprised of a snap-hook 402 connected to an adjustable buckle 404 with a strap portion 406. An adjustable strap portion 408 attaches buckle 404 to ring 410. Ring 410 attaches to strap 25,26, thereby securing fastener 36 to panel 22. Fastener 36 is attached to panel 22 with straps 25 and 26. As shown in Figure 3, an alternative embodiment of the present invention, designated 100, includes a panel 122 formed with an opening 123 extending substantially the length of panel 122. Opening 123 may be formed in a single panel 122, or alternatively formed when panel 122 comprises two separate portions, shown in Figure 3 as 122a and 122b. In this alternative embodiment, non-adjustable web straps 124 and fasteners 134 are attached to side portions of panels 122a and 122b. Web strap pairs 140 and 142 are connected with adjustable fasteners 127 to secure opening 123 for transit. Adjustable fasteners 127 function to take-up the slack in panel 122 in the horizontal direction, while also providing additional load restraint for the cargo in container 12. Figure 2D illustrates one adjustable fastener 127 that preferably is used. Fastener 127 is comprised of flat hook 502 connected to ring 504 with strap portion 506. Ring 504 is attached with web strap 140 to panel section 122a. Hook 502 mates with adjustable cam buckle 508 that is connected to ring 510 with strap portion 512. Ring 510 is attached with strap 142 to panel section 122b. Non-adjustable straps 124 with fasteners 134, such as those fasteners shown in Figures 2A and 2B, are attached along the bottom and side portions of panels 122a and 122b, and straps 125 with adjustable fasteners 136 are attached along the top portion of panels 122a and 122b. Adjustable fasteners 136, such as that shown in Figure 2C, function to take-up slack in the vertical direction and apply additional load restraint for the cargo in container 12. Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A fabric closure (10) for open end cargo containers (12) of the type having a plurality of side walls (14), a top wall (16), a bottom wall (20), and at least one open end, said fabric closure (10) comprising:- (a) at least one fabric panel (22;122) formed of cut resistant yarns made with fibers having a tenacity greater than about 20 grams/denier, said fabric panel (22;122) having top and bottom peripheral portions and opposed side peripheral portions, wherein at least one panel (22;122) may be attached to a container side, top, and bottom walls adjacent the open end; and being characterized by :- (b) a plurality of web straps (24,25,26,28) attached to said top, bottom, and opposed side peripheral portions of said panel (22;122) for fastening said at least one fabric panel (22;122) over the at least one open end of said cargo container (12), at least some of said web straps (24,25,26,28) being adjustable for stretching said at least one fabric panel (22;122) taut to restrain cargo which may be stowed in the container (12) and to prevent passage of cargo items which may be stowed in the container (12) around and through said fabric panel (22). The fabric closure of claim 1, wherein said web straps (24,25,26,28) are arranged in opposed pairs (24,25;26,28) along said top and bottom peripheral portions and along said opposed side peripheral portions, and at least one strap of each pair (24,25;26,28) has an adjustable fastener (36) for releasable attachment to fasteners (30) connected to said cargo container (12) around said open end, whereby each of said opposed pairs (24,25;26,28) of web straps forms a load path across said fabric panel (22;122) The fabric closure of Claim 1 or 2, wherein said web straps (24,25,26,28) have a tear strength of greater than about 159 Kg/cm (900 pounds per linear inch) of web strap width. The fabric closure of Claim 1, 2 or 3, including an opening (123) formed in the at least one fabric panel (122) for access therethrough, said opening (123) extending substantially the length or width of said panel (122). The fabric closure of Claim 4, including a plurality of web closure straps (140,142) attached adjacent to and on both sides of said opening (123), said plurality of web closure straps (140, 142) having fasteners (127) attached thereto for securing together both sides of said opening (123). The fabric closure of Claim 5, wherein said fasteners (127) attached to said web closure straps (140,142) are adjustable. The fabric closure of any preceding Claim, wherein said fabric is formed with yarns formed from long chain polyethylene fibers.

Inventors: HOLLAND JOHN E, NATHAN DANIEL, HOLLAND, JOHN E., NATHAN, DANIEL
Applicants: JHRG LLC, JHRG, LLC
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B65D88
IPC codes: B65D88, B65D90