DEVICE AT FIXING MEANS FOR FIXATION OF BONE FRAGMENTS AT BONE FRACTURES

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device at fixing means for fixation of bone fragments at bone fractures, wherein the fixing means (1) preferably is a spike for thigh-bone necks for fixation of bone fragments (2, 3) at fractures (4) of the thigh-bone neck. The fixing means (1) comprises a sleeve (5) and a pin (7) provided therein. The pin (7) includes a front part (7a) which is directed obliquely forward relative to a rear part (7e) thereof and towards front parts (9a) of a second wall surface (9) close to a guide surface (12) of the sleeve (5) when the pin (7) is located in a ready position (B) in said sleeve (5).

Description: Device at fixing means for fixation of bone fragments at bone fractures . The present invention relates to a device at fixing means for fixation of bone fragments at bone fractures, wherein the fixing means preferably is a spike for thigh- -bone necks for fixation of bone fragments at fractures of the thigh-bone neck, wherein the fixing means comprises a sleeve which is open at the rear for insertion of a pin into a ready position, wherein the sleeve defines an elongated space with two opposite wall surfaces, namely a first longitudinal wall surface in which there is provided a side opening and a longitudinal second wall surface from which a guide surface extends in an inclined forward direction to a front edge of the side opening, and wherein the guide surface is provided to guide a front, preferably curved end portion of the pin to force its way out through the side opening when said pin is displaced in a forward direction relative to the sleeve. Fixing means of the abovementioned type are known from SE 431 053 (US 4 498 468) and have operated satisfactory for many years . There is however, always a risk that the pin does not find its way out through the side opening, but is deformed inside the sleeve if it occupies or is brought to occupy an erroneous position in relation thereto. This may be due to that the pin unintentionally moves or is moved from a ready position, e.g. by being turned or rotated relative to the sleeve through the influence from rotatable members of a driving or actuator instrument . There is also a risk that those parts of the front end portion of the pin which are driven into surrounding bone material are not deformed into an advantageous curvature. This results in that there is a risk that the fixing means does not get the intended function, namely stable fixation of the bone fragments relative to each other. There is also a risk that the front end portion of the pin due to a faulty design penetrates the bone fragment it is forced into. The object of the present invention has been to eliminate this problem and this is arrived at by providing the abovementioned device with the characterizing features of subsequent claim 1. By providing the device with said characterizing features, the pin is prevented from unintentional movement out of a ready position and/or is it ensured that the end portion of the pin gets an advantageous curvature such that a stable fixation of the bone fragment is obtained and the likelihood that said pin penetrates the bone fragment is reduced. The invention will be further described below with references to the accompanying drawings, in which fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a fixing means with a device according to the invention; fig. 2 illustrates the fixing means of fig. 1 with a front portion of a pin protruding from a sleeve; fig. 3 illustrates a pin forming part of the fixing means of fig. 1, in an unstrained initial shape; fig. 4 is a section IV-IV through the fixing means of fig. 1; fig. 5 is a section V-V through the fixing means of fig. 1; and fig. 6 illustrates front parts of a sleeve with an alternative design and forming part of the fixing means of fig. 1. The fixing means 1 illustrated in the drawings is adapted for fixation of bone fragments at bone fractures. Preferably, the fixing means 1 is a spike for thigh-bone necks, a collum spike, for fixation of bone fragments 2, 3 at fractures 4 of the thigh-bone neck. 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In order to illustrate the difference there may be between the original shape U of the pin 7 and the shape of the elongated space 6, the latter is shown with broken lines in fig. 3. The pin 7 is provided to slide against the front part 9a of the second longitudinal wall 9 , lying closest to the guide surface 12 when the pin 7 is driven into the elongated space 6. Rear parts 7e of the pin 7 are in contact with the second longitudinal wall 9 of the sleeve 5 when the pin 7 is in the ready position B. In the ready position B, the front end portion 7f of the pin 7 is preferably in contact with the guide surface 12 a short distance within the side opening 10, such that when the front end portion 7f is forced out through the side opening 10, it assumes a curved shape along its entire or at least the major part of its length. 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Hi Z O Hi ø rt φ H 1 ϋ 1 μ- μ- φ CQ O SD CΩ SD tr 0 μ- O PJ Hj Hj Φ Hi p φ ø 4 Hj Φ Pi Si φ Φ LΠ < l rt j rt Hi CO ø 0 SD H- 1 0 3 φ rt SD •— ^ SD μ- SD Φ SD φ Hj Pi Φ Ω tr 3 CQ ø 4 CO Hi Hi CΩ μ- μ- 1 rt Φ CQ O tr Q ϋ Ω SD P. Hj rt Si < Φ iQ rt . o Φ Φ SD ø 1 tso ø 0 rt TJ Hi Φ 1 Hi φ tr Ω Φ 0 Hi φ SD Φ ø 1 rt rt Hi Ω 1 rt 1 Φ o O i rt Pi φ μ- Hj SD O ø 4 Φ rt 1 ø 4 H 0 Hi μ- ø 1 LΠ rt Φ μ- Φ i cn SD O 1 ø The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above and illustrated in the drawings, but may vary within the scope of the subsequent claims regarding the use and design of the various parts and their func- tion. As examples of embodiments and uses not described above, it can be mentioned that the fixing means 1 can be used for bone fractures on other locations than the thigh-bone neck (neck of the femur) , the sleeve 5 may be of metal material or another suitable material, the pin 7 may be of another material than metallic material and the sleeve 5 as well as the pin 7 may have other shapes than those illustrated and yet have the same or similar functions as described above.

Claims: Claims : 1. Device at fixing means for fixation of bone fragments at bone fractures, wherein the fixing means (1) preferably is a spike for thigh-bone necks for fixation of bone fragments (2, 3) at fractures (4) of the thigh-bone neck, wherein the fixing means (1) comprises a sleeve (5) which is open at the rear for insertion of a pin (7) into a ready position (B) , wherein the sleeve (5) defines an elongated space (6) with two opposite wall surfaces (8, 9), namely a first longitudinal wall surface (8) in which there is provided a side opening (10) and a longitudinal second wall surface (9) from which a guide surface (12) extends in an inclined forward direction to a front edge (13) of the side opening (10) , and wherein the guide surface (12) is provided to guide a front, preferably curved end portion (7f) of the pin (7) to force its way out through the side opening (10) when said pin (7) is displaced in a forward direction relative to the sleeve (5) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) closest to the front end portion (7f) includes a front part (7a) which is directed obliquely forward relative to a rear part (7e) thereof and to- wards front parts (9a) of the second wall surface (9) close to the guide surface (12) when the pin (7) is located in a ready position (B) in the sleeve (5) . 2. Device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front part (7a) of the pin (7) is in contact with the front parts (9a) of the second wall surface (9) when the pin (7) is in the ready position (B) . 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) is designed such that its front part (7a) slides against the front parts forced into the elongated space (6) of the sleeve (5) in order to bring the front end portion (7f) thereof to protrude or force its way out through the side opening (10) . 4. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end portion (7f) of the pin (7) engage the side opening (10) when the pin (7) is in the ready position (B) . 5. Device according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i - z e d i that the pin (7) has an original shape (U) in which a height (h) of the front end portion (7f) is greater than the distance (a) between the first and second longitudinal wall surfaces (8, 9) , that the pin (7) is capable of being bent such that the front end portion (7f) can be inserted into the sleeve (5) when the pin (7) is moved to the ready position (B) therein, and that the pin (7) has such elastic properties that the front end portion (7f) snaps into the side opening (10) after having been moved thereto. β. Device according to claim 4 or 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end portion (7f) of the pin (7) is situated within the outer profile of the sleeve (5) when it engages the side opening (10) . 7. Device according to any preceding claim, wherein the pin (7) includes a rear part (7e) which at the front transforms into an intermediate part (7d) which in turn at the front transforms into the front part (7a) , c h a - r a c t e r i z e d i n that said intermediate part (7d) is directed obliquely forward towards the first longitudinal wall surface (8) when the pin (7) is in the ready position (B) . 8. Device according to claim 7, c h a r a c t e - r i z e d i n that a contact part (7b) between said intermediate part (7d) and the front part (7a) is in contact with the first wall surface (8) and that the rear part (7e) is in contact with the second wall surface (9) when the pin (7) is in the ready position (B) . 9. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end portion (7f) of the pin (7) is in contact with the guide surface (12) when the pin (7) is in the ready position (B) . 10. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end portion (7f) of the pin (7) is in contact with central parts of the guide surface (12) about halfway between the front edge (13) of the side opening (10) and the second longitudinal wall surface (9) when the pin (7) is in said ready position (B) and/or when the pin (7) is driven into the elongated space ( 6) in order to bring the front end portion (7f) thereof to force its way out through the side opening (10) . 11. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) has a rear part (7e) and an intermediate part (7d) with circular cross section as well as a front part (7a) with a circular segment-shaped cross section. 12. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that in the ready position (B) , the pin (7) is provided such that it does not turn or rotate and/or can turn or rotate about its longitudinal axis (L) relative to the sleeve (5) . 13. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that in the ready position (B) , the pin (7) is provided such that it can not rotate about its longitudinal axis (L) relative to the sleeve (5) if it is affected by torsional forces from parts of a driving or actuator instrument (15) . 14. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) is mounted in the ready position (B) in a strained or stretched condition. 15. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) has an original shape (U) which deflects from the shape of the elongated space (6) of the sleeve (5) in such a way that the pin (7) is strained or stretched by deformation when it is inserted into a ready position (B) in the elongated space (6) . 16. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end portion (7f) of the pin (7) is provided such that it is forced out of the side opening (10) as a curved front end portion (7f) along its entire or substantially entire length. 17. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) in an origi- nal shape (U) has a straight or substantially straight rear part (7e) and a straight or substantially straight front part (7a) which is directed forward/sideways relative to the rear part (7e) . 18. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a - r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) or at least a front part (7a) thereof has elastic properties. 19. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pin (7) has such a length relative to the length of the elongated space (6) of the sleeve (5) that a rear edge (17) of the pin (7) is located edge-to-edge with a rear edge (23) of the sleeve (5) or within said rear edge (23) when the pin (7) is fully driven into the sleeve (5) , so that the pin (7) after finished driving or actuator operation does not project at the rear of the sleeve (5) . 20. Device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that front parts (27) of the sleeve (5) have external threads for securing said front parts (27) to adjacent bone fragment (3) . 21. Device according to claim 20, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the outer diameter of the external threads of the front parts (27) corresponds or substan- tially corresponds with the outer diameter of unthreaded parts of the sleeve (5) behind said front parts (27) .

Inventors: HANSSON HENRIK, HANSSON, HENRIK
Applicants: HANSSON HENRIK, HANSSON, HENRIK
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A61B17
IPC codes: A61B17