CARTRIDGE FORMAT DELAY IGNITER

Abstract: A training device for simulating the action of stun grenades and the like is provided by combining a delay cartridge with a conversion fitting that installs in a grenade body. A firing assembly fitted to the grenade body over the delay cartridge is percussively activated through release of a hammer to activate a primer located on the end of the cartridge. The cartridge contains a delay-burning compound that subsequently activates a pyrotechnic charge. A suitable application is for training in the use of flash/bang training devices or "stun" grenades.

Description: TITLE : CARTRIDGE FORMAT DELAY IGNITER FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates m general to the field of military and law enforcement training and more particularly to the use of simulation devices used for anti-personnel, anti-riot and anti-terrorist training. It applies where training m the use of pyrotechnic devices, such as Stun Grenades, is required to teach users how to properly deploy the actual devices . The described invention is also intended to permit training within areas and structures which might normally preclude the use of the actual devices or other existing training devices. BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION Military and law enforcement personnel are often required to deploy explosive or otherwise pyrotechnic devices during the performance of their duty. Such devices typically must be handled with great care and are expensive to use due to their destructive nature. They are restricted to being deployed only under tightly controlled conditions. This applies when such devices are used operationally, as well as m specialized training structures and remote locations during training. Simulation training has been gaming m popularity over the past several years and devices that permit extremely realistic training for armed encounters have been introduced. For SWAT Team training and Counter- Terrorism or Anti-Riot training, police and military forces must be able to train as realistically as possible for personal safety as well as the safety of the general public. During actual encounters, these officers and soldiers will deploy pyrotechnic devices such as Stun Grenades, also known as Distraction Devices or Flash-Bangs. Examples of such grenades can be referenced in United States patents to Gold (5,085,147), Barlog (5,824,945), Hamilton (4,976,201), Nixon III (4,947,753), Pinkney (4,932,328) and Brunn (5,654,523) . To date, products which have been introduced as pyrotechnic training devices designed to replicate actual devices have been costly, dangerous and limited in their ability to be transported in a cost-effective fashion. Further, these training devices have been limited to possession by bona fide police and military agencies or civilian training institutions that must pay for expensive licensing to obtain access to these devices. The described invention is not intended for actual use in combat settings nor designed for use as a weapon, but rather is specifically designed and contemplated as a training device to be used during simulations and for training in the use of the Stun Grenades and the like, including smoke and gas grenades. It would therefore be desirable to have a training device that would permit safe and realistic training that fully replicates the operational features of the actual pyrotechnic device. A training device that is identical or close to identical in size, weight, shape, function, and feel of actual devices would permit trainees to experience all of the aspects to habituate them to the deployment of the actual device. It would be desirable that the training device would be rechargeable with inexpensive reloads that are not as restrictive for transportation and possession purposes as are currently available operational or training devices. This invention addresses those objectives . The invention in its general form will first be described, and then its implementation in terms of specific embodiments will be detailed with reference to the drawings following hereafter. These embodiments are intended to demonstrate the principle of the invention, and the manner of its implementation. The invention in its broadest and more specific forms will then be further described, and defined, in each of the individual claims which conclude this Specification. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With the foregoing in mind, it is a principal object of this invention to provide a blank training cartridge that incorporates a delay feature that permits safe and easy reloading of a Training Device so that the Training Device can be reused a number of times, thus making it cost effective for training purposes. This part of the invention shall hereafter be called a "Delay Cartridge" . When the Delay Cartridge is loaded within a pyrotechnic body designed to make noise to simulate an explosion, the cartridge will be referred to as a "Delay Blank" . These may also be interchangeably referred to as "Reloads" . According to one aspect of the invention a delay cartridge is provided having a casing, a percussion- sensitive primer mounted at one end, the primer communicating with an internal passageway within the case (preferably provided by a sleeve) with a "low gas", delay- burning composition contained within the passageway. Optionally, to ensure that the primer is able to ignite the delay-burning composition, an ignition composition in the form of a first igniter may be placed between the primer and the delay composition. The delay-burning composition terminates at a pyrotechnic composition which is to be ignited. A second igniter to help ignite the pyrotechnic composition may optionally be positioned to be initiated by the delay-burning composition once combustion has passed through the thickness of this composition. In the application of a training grenade, the pyrotechnic material that is to be activated may be a non- percussion sensitive flash powder, a gas generant or other composition that is contained either in the casing of the cartridge itself, or in the body of the Training Device outside the casing. By use of the Delay Cartridge a method of ignition and dispersion of modest amounts of pyrotechnic substances is provided that will allow the simulation of devices such as smoke grenades and chemical irritant grenades . This will provide trainees with feedback in the form of a visual signature for verification of delivery or wind drift considerations of the Training Device without the inherent visual or environmental contamination associated with operational devices. These and other objects of the present invention may be achieved by combining the Delay Cartridge with a Training Device that includes a Conversion Fitting fitted into a case or body to adapt the body to receive a Reload. To this is added a Firing Assembly that will fire the Reload. Preferably the body of the Training Device replicates the exterior form of actual devices such as Stun Grenades, Smoke Grenades, Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Grenades, Mines and Booby Traps that would be used in an operational setting. The Conversion Fitting has a chamber that is shaped to receive the Reload and is engaged, e.g. threadably received, into the body of the Training Device. Using special adapters, a Conversion Fitting may also permit users m some cases to utilize the body of their normal operational device as a Training Device, having first rendered it permanently or temporarily incapable of accepting dangerous pyrotechnics through the installation of such a Conversion Fitting. Because the invention contemplates using commercially available brass cartridge cases that are normally used m firearms, the finished cartridge may be formed m such a manner, and a Conversion Fitting chamber shaped m such a way, that the Conversion Fitting chamber would readily accept only a Reload, excluding by design similar live cartridges that are designed for use m firearms. The Firing Assembly will provide further safety to users m that it can be manually armed and locked prior to attachment to the Training Device, after the insertion of the Reload into the Conversion Fitting, thereby protecting the Reload from being inadvertently activated prior to the Training Device being deployed m training. For further security the Reloads may be stored separately from the unarmed Training Device under high security arrangements . To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out m the claims, the following description and the annexed drawings following hereafter. This sets forth m detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention. These are indicative, however, of but several of the various ways m which the principles of the invention may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-section of a flash/bang diversionary device showing the Delay Cartridge of the invention installed therein; Figure 1A is a partial cross-section of a variant on Figure 1 containing a smoke pellet to be ignited by the Delay Cartridge. Figure 2 is an exploded view of the components of the device of Figure 1, other than the outer body or case; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the components of Figure 2 assembled for insertion into the body of a training device, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the Delay Cartridge of the invention; Figure 4A depicts a variant on Figure 4 wherein the internal sleeve has a restriction at its forwarding end. Figure 4B depicts a variant on Figure 4 wherein the sleeve containing the delay composition contains an inner restriction disc. Figure 4C depicts a variant on Figure 4 wherein the inner sleeve is replaced by a thicker body provided by the cartridge case. Figure 5 is an exterior side view of a device as in Figure 1 showing the external appearance of one format of training device, as fully assembled; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a training device having a differing form of body with ports for releasing smoke generated within the device; and Figure 7 is an exploded assembly cross-sectional drawing of a Conversion Assembly for insertion into the body of a training format fragmentation grenade. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In Figure 1 a Training Device is provided by a Delay Cartridge 1 installed in a practice grenade case or body 2 by insertion into a Conversion Fitting or cartridge containment unit 3 that is attached, as by being screwed, into the grenade body 2. The Conversion Fitting 3 has a chamber 4 shaped to receive the cartridge 1 and a ventilation port 18 to allow escape of gases of combustion. The length of the chamber 4 prior to a narrowed portion is insufficient to receive a cartridge that includes a protruding projectile. Thus, only a Reload 1 will fit into the chamber 4. As in a typical grenade, a Firing Assembly or head 5, as better shown in Figures 2 and 3, is screwed onto the top of the Conversion Fitting 3. This head 5 carries a spring-loaded hammer 6, biased by a spring 6A, supported axially by pin 6B . A spoon 7 that has a handle portion 8 holds down the hammer 6. A safety pin 9 with a ring 10 passes through a hole in the head 5 retaining the spoon 7 in place over the top of the grenade head 5, with the handle 8 lying along the side. This permits the handle 8 to be held in place manually after the pin 9 is withdrawn. Pulling out the ring 10 withdraws the pin 9. When released from the user's grip, the spoon 7 pivots upwardly and separates from the head under the spring force applied through the hammer 6. With the spoon 7 separated, the hammer 6 is released to rotate and strike the firing pin 9 in order to actuate the primer 11 on the end of the casing 12 of the cartridge 1. Optionally, a retention hook 9A anchored at one end on the ring 10 may extend over top of the spoon 7 and hook down over the protruding part of the safety pin 9. This will provide security in retaining the pin 9 in place prior to deployment and allows a pin to be easily resecured in the event the grenade is not thrown. The Training Device is provided with a firing pin assembly consisting of a firing pin 26 which is contained within end caps 24, 24A press-fitted into a cavity 23 formed in head 5. The firing pin 26 is aligned to strike the primer 11 when struck by the hammer 6. A spring 25 restores the firing pin 26 to its original position after the primer 11 has been struck. In Figure 4 a delay cartridge 1 is shown in cross-section wherein the casing flash channel 13 extends through the cap end 14 of the casing 12 from the primer 11 to the interior of the cartridge 1. A sleeve insert 15 within the casing 12, optionally of aluminum, has a hollow tubular core passageway 15A that is partially packed with a delay-burn combustion composition 17, or "delay composition" 17. The entrance 27 to the core 15A may be optionally bevelled inwardly. The casing 12 may be swagged inwardly at a neck 14A at the end of the sleeve 15 containing it tightly in place. This also narrows the forward end of the casing 12 giving it a non-standard shape. This serves to preclude the insertion of regular cartridges into the chamber 4 as such chamber 4 is of a complementary shape to the cartridge 1. Forward of the neck 14A in the casing 12, the casing 12 is provided with a noise producing mixture, optionally flash powder 19 (if the application is for a stun grenade) . Other pyrotechnic substances, such as smoke or gas generants may be used in place of the flash powder mixture 19. A disk 20 of, for example, polyethylene sheeting, tops-off and contains the powder mixture 19 and is retained in place by crimping 14B provided by the front edges of the casing 12. A sealant 21 in the form of wax, lacquer, glue, or the like may also optionally be placed over the crimping 26 to exclude moisture and/or retain the compounds within the case . This sealant 21 should preferably be dislodgeable and cover an aperture whereby gases from the pyrotechnic mixture of flash compound 19 may readily escape from the cartridge 1 and, in the case of a stun grenade, provide noise and/or a small flash. In applications where the cartridge 1 serves as an igniter for further pyrotechnic compounds contained in the Training Device either a jet of igniting gases may be emitted through the aperture closed by the sealant; or, if an explosive charge is contained in the front end of the casing 12 the crimping 14B may open-up to release the explosive gases. Pyrotechnic substances, such as a smoke pellet 29, c.f. Figures 1A or 6, may be placed in the path of escaping, igniting gas. In the variant, shown in Figure 1A a threaded plug 35 may close-off the port 18 containing the pellet 29 in place, allowing that alternate ports 18A are provided to allow for the escape of gas and smoke. This cartridge 1, in such applications, need not contain a separate pyrotechnic composition 19. A delay composition 17 may be employed which will be capable of igniting a smoke pellet 29 if the sealant 21 is, itself, consumable or otherwise does not interfere with ignition. Alternately, no crimping 14B may be incorporated into the cartridge 1 to ensure that flame from the delay composition 17 ignites the smoke pellet 19. An arrangement based on this configuration is depicted in Figure 6. For the primer 11, various known commercially available cartridge primers may be employed. For the delay-burn compound 17, any of the common low-gas delay compositions have been found acceptable including MIL-T- 12132 tungsten compound, MIL-D-85866 zirconium-nickel compound, MIL-D-85360A boron-potassium nitrate compound as specified by the United States Department of Defence, as examples. These compounds 17 may be blended to provide, for example, a 1 1/2-2 second delay while burning a length of 18-20mm within the core 16 which itself has a diameter of 4.75mm. When blended appropriately, these compounds 17 will ignite directly from a standard cartridge primer 11 without the need for assisting igniter layers. Further, these compounds generate little gas, i.e. are "gasless" , providing limited gas production and thereby avoids gas pressure build-up that might otherwise dislodge the delay- burning composition from the core 16 of the sleeve 15, or alternately dislodge the sleeve 15 from the casing 12. In the instance of delay compositions 17 that do not readily ignite directly, a first igniter compound 22 may be contained within the core 16 at the primer end of the delay composition 17. Similarly, to facilitate ignition of various compounds in the space occupied by the pyrotechnic composition or flash powder 19, a second igniter 22A layer of similar function may be placed at the exit end of the delay composition 17. The casing 12 may be made of brass or other suitable metal or injection molded, polymeric plastic material. The sleeve insert 15 is preferably made of aluminum although suitable molded plastic material may also be employed. The tamping disk 20 may be wax or a polymeric plug, which serves as a vapour barrier. By selecting the length of delay composition 17 present in the core 16, as well as the blending of composition 17, various time delays may be produced. The use of a sleeve 15 with a core 16 to contain the delay-composition 17 is particularly convenient. The delay-composition 17 may be separately tamped in place in the core 16 prior to insertion in the case 12. Because such compositions 17 are percussion and pressure insensitive, handling procedures are less stringent than would arise if the delay-composition were to be pressed into a cartridge 1 with a primer 11 present. Thus, the method of assembling the delay cartridge 1 entails separate insertion of the delay composition 17 into the core 16 of a sleeve 15 followed by assembly of the sleeve 15, so filled, into the casing 12. To ensure that the delay composition 17 is not "blown through" the core by such gases as are generated within the casing 12, it is preferable that the core passageway 16 have a width that is much less than its length, e.g. an aspect ratio of 1:4 or more. As well, the interior surface of the core 16 may be scored or threaded to increase frictional coupling between the delay- composition 17 compacted therein and the walls of the core 16. The configuration of the delay column 17 contemplated by Figure 4 allows the possibility of premature fragmentation of the delay column 17 on the end of the column remote from the primer cap 11. In ths configuration, it is possible that a portion of the delay column 17 will become dislodged by reason of the impulse concussion radiating through the column 17. It is desirable to have the delay column 17 remain intact, thereby making the length of the delay more reliable. In an effort to reduce the effects of this energy transmission, Figures 4A, 4B change the shape of the delay housing tube 15 by forming a restriction 16. The restriction disc 31 containing hole 31A in Figure 4B is restrained by annular protrusion 32. This restriction 31 has been shown to substantially reduce the effects of the energy transmission problem and the shattering effect it has on the delay column 17. Figure 4C addresses this phenomenon by substantially changing the configuration of the Delay Blank by eliminating the housing tube 15. Instead, the delay column 17 is compressed directly into a rear cavity 33 of the cartridge 1, thereby utilizing the cartridge case 12 itself as the delay housing. At the end of the rear cavity 33 into which the delay composition 17 is compressed, there is a restriction in the form of a secondary flash hole 34 that separates the delay column 17 from the report mixture 19. In order to maintain separation of the report mixture 19 and the delay column 17, an optional ruptureable diaphragm 30 constructed, for instance, of paper, cardboard, plastic etc. may be placed between these elements . Training Devices made in accordance with the invention are inherently of a safer design. Because the percussion-sensitive primer 11 is contained within the end of a cartridge case 12, it is protected from casual detonation. Because the cartridge 1 may contain only a small amount of explosive compound, it is relatively safe compared to larger quantities of explosives. In the case of flash/sound training grenades, as well as other applications such as the simulating smoke and fragmentation grenades of Figures 6 and 7, cartridge 1 and auxiliary pyrotechnic compounds 29 may be taken from a controlled storage system and inserted in the Conversion Fitting chamber 4 and body 2. The Firing Assembly may then be installed at the last minute before use. The grenade body 2 in such situations is totally inert and requires no special handling or storage. If such body 2 and the Conversion Fitting 3 are sufficiently robust, they may be reused indefinitely particularly if they are made of robust materials such as high grade steel. Accordingly, an inexpensive igniter for pyrotechnics and explosives has been described that will provide a useful alternative to existing systems. CONCLUSION The foregoing has constituted a description of specific embodiments showing how the invention may be applied and put into use. These embodiments are only exemplary. The invention in its broadest, and more specific aspects, is further described and defined in the claims which now follow. These claims, and the language used therein, are to be understood in terms of the variants of the invention which have been described. They are not to be restricted to such variants, but are to be read as covering the full scope of the invention as is implicit within the invention and the disclosure that has been provided herein.

Claims: THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS: 1. A self-contained delay-cartridge comprising: (1) a casing with a cap end; (2) a percussion-sensitive primer mounted at the cap end of the casing; (3) an internal passageway within the casing containing a delay-burning composition and communicating with the primer; and (4) a pyrotechnic composition contained within the casing at the end of the internal passageway remote from the primer, and positioned to be ignited by the delay burning composition. 2. A cartridge as m claim 1 comprising a first ignition composition placed between the primer and the delay-burning composition to facilitate the ignition of the delay burning composition by the primer. 3. A cartridge as m claim 2 comprising a second ignition composition positioned at the end of the delay- burning composition proximate to the pyrotechnic composition to facilitate the ignition of the pyrotechnic composition . 4. A cartridge as m claim 1 wherein the internal passageway is defined by a sleeve contained within the casing and providing said internal passageway, said internal passageway being of reduced diameter with respect to the casing. 5. A cartridge as in claim 4 wherein the ratio of the width of the passageway to its length is 1 to 4 or more . 6. A cartridge as in claim 1 for use in a training device to simulate a grenade, comprising a non-percussion sensitive flash powder as a component of the pyrotechnic composition . 7. A cartridge as in claim 1 in combination with a training device having: (1) a body; (2) a conversion fitting with a chamber containing said cartridge and fitted into said body; and (3) a firing assembly with a spring-loaded, releaseable hammer, said assembly being fitted onto said body, said hammer being positioned to actuate, under urging by a spring means when released, the primer of the cartridge. 8. A cartridge and training device combination as in claim 6 comprising: (1) a spoon with a handle mounted to the firing assembly to retain the hammer before release of the handle; and (7) a safety pin attached to a safety ring fitted through a portion of said body to restrain the spoon and handle from releasing the hammer prior to the removal of the safety ring from the body wherein, upon removal of the safety ring and release of the hammer, the hammer swings to actuate the primer and fire the cartridge. 9. A cartridge and training device combination as in claim 8 including a retention mechanism comprising a safety hook anchored to the safety ring at one end and shaped at its other end to hook over the safety pin with a portion of the firing assembly positioned there between. 10. A method of assembly of a delay cartridge wherein said cartridge comprises: (1) a casing with a cap end; (2) a percussion-sensitive primer mounted at the cap end of the casing; the method comprising: (a) providing a sleeve with a core passageway, the sleeve having an external diameter dimensioned to fit within the casing; (b) filling the core passageway with a delay-burning composition separately from the casing; and (c) inserting the sleeve so filled into the casing.

Inventors: MURRAY KENNETH R, MURRAY, KENNETH, R.
Applicants: MURRAY KENNETH R, MURRAY, KENNETH, R.
Application year: 2001
Main classification: F42B8
IPC codes: F42B3, F42C9