INTERNAL FIXATOR OF BONES

Abstract: Internal bone fixator is device for internal fixation of bone fragments. Its components are: bar (5 or 50 or 52), clamps (4) with corresponding screws (3) or (56) or clamps (2) with corresponding screw (1) and screws (56) for holes (28) and slot (30). The bar (5, 50, 52) has slot on one end (30) along the long axis of the bar for the screw (3 or 56) which is screwed into the bone (33A), whereby by its smooth neck (17) and, or, by its flattened lower surface of the head (15), sitting on the flattened part of the bar (29), prevents rotation of the bar (5 or 50 or 52) in relation to the screw (3A), preventing so dislocation of the bone fragments (33A and 33B) in relation to each other, but allows telescoping of the bar (52) along its long axis and so axial movements of bone fragments (33A, 33B), producing so axial compression on the fracture area (34). On the other end bar (5) has hole for antirotation screw (56). Bar (50) has extension (32) with 2 or more parallel canales which axis's a, b, c are parallel to the long axis of the neck of the bone (femur for example) while long axis of the bar (5 or 50 or 52), after application to long bone is parallel with long axis of that long bone. In the performance (50) internal fixator provides possibility of the double sliding of the bone fragments: along the axis of the neck of the bone and at the same time sliding along the long axis of the long bone. Bar (52) has plate like extension (54) with 2 or more canals which axis's are d, e, f where are introduced screws (3 or 46 or 61) screwed into bone, locking this plate-like extension of the internal fixator in relation to the end of the bone (epiphysis or metaphysis). The advantage of this type of internal fixator to other devices for internal fixation of bone fragments, is possibility of axial dynamisation and dynamisation along the axis of the neck of bones. Dynamisaton along the long axis of the long bones, can be activated automatically, without any additional surgical intervention, because the loosening of the clamps screws by the time, provide telescoping axial movements whereby rotation and dislocation of the fragment is prevented. The big advantage of this internal fixator to other devices for internal fixation is that blood circulations of the bone are preserved: medullar as well as periosteal. This device is especially suitable for minimal invasive surgery.

Description: INTERNAL FIXATOR OF BONES a) The field of the Technique invention related to The invention relates to the field of Orthopaedic Surgery, respectively to the internal fixation of bones and to the Medical Devices production . b) Technique problem The invention solves problem of the fixation and compression between the bone fragments in bone fractures and in other operations on bones, preventing fragment dislocation, but allowing eventual compression between the fragments after fixation. c) Current state in technique It is known attempts of the construction of internal fixators in Switzerland, but their apparatus doesn't have possibility of axial dynamic compression. Completely new idea is introduced by this application. d) Presenting of the essence of the invention This internal fixator represents new device in solving bone fragments reduction and bone fragments fixation with minimising of contact between the device and the bone. It consists, in the first performance, from the bar, which has one slot hole on one and one hole in opposite end. The long axis of the slot is in the long axis of the bar or parallel with long axis of the bar, so that it is possible longitudinal movement of the bar in relation to the screw screwed through the slot hole. That crew prevents rotation of the bar. In second performance, the bar on one end is enlarged and more massive, or like plate. In that end there is holes and canals for the screws for fixation of the end of the bone. The other end of that bar there is the same slot-hole as in the bar from the first performance. The parts of the device are also clamps which are put on onto the bar and each clamp can be fixed to the bar and to the bone, by the screw introduced through the canal on clamp and screwed into the bone. If loosening of the screw of the clamp happens, then clamp will become loosen in relation to the bar and dynamisation phenomena will happen represented by sliding of the bar along the long axis of the bone realising compression between the bone fragments. In the second kind of the clamp, which is permanently tightened on the bar, it is not possible dynamisation phenomena. e) Short description of the drawings The invention is descript in details in the examples of the kinds of performance shown in drawing in which: Figure 1 - represents 3D drawing of the clamp which is self- locking, with corresponding screw; Figure 2 - represents second 3D performance of the clamp with corresponding screw; Figure 3 - represents 3D drawing of the bar of the internal fixator; Figure 4 - represents 3D drawing of the internal fixator applied on the bone; Figure 5 - represents 3D drawing of the second performance of the bar of the internal fixator; Figure 6 - represents 3D drawing of the third performance of the bar of the internal fixator; Figure 7 - represents 3D drawing of the second performance of the bar of the internal fixator and one special screw introduced through one of the oblique canals; .Figure 8 - represents 3D drawing of the forth and fifth performance of the bar of the internal fixator where plate like part can be bent or to be straight whereby on the plate like part screwed conical holes with thread; Figure 9 - represents 3D drawing of two performances of the end of the bar of the internal fixator, drawing of one of corresponding clamp 66 and self-locking clamp 90; Figure 10 - represents 3D drawing of the performance of the bar of the internal fixator with plate like extensions and 3D drawing of the insert which is put on to the corresponding end of the bar; Figure 11 - represents 3D drawing of screws of the internal fixator; Figure 12 - represents 3D drawing of one of the performance of the bar of the internal fixator and cross sections of the different performance of the extensions of the bar. Description of the invention in details On the drawings, it is shown self-locking clamp 2 and corresponding screw 1. Clamp 2 consists of ring 8 with canal 7 corresponding to the bar 5 introduced in the canal 7. The ring is interrupted by the slot 13 between the extension 9 and 10. Extension 9 is more thin and there is hole on it 11. On the extension 10, which is more thick, there is threaded canal 12 through which passes thread 14 of the screw 1, which has less diameter of threaded canal 12 and thread 26 of the screw 1 is screwed in threaded canal 12, tightening extension 9 to the extension 10 and locking so clamp 2 to the bar 5. Screw 1 has head 6 with impressed hexagonal imbus hole 25. Holes and canals 11 and 12 are in the same axis. Second performance of the clamp 4 consists of the ring 20 with canal 19, which is the same diameter as bar 5. Ring is interrupted by the slot which is between the extensions 22 and 23 with holes 21 and 24 who are the same diameter and in the same axis. Through the holes 21 and 24 is introduced screw 3 who has thread 18 who is less diameter in comparison to diameter of the holes 21 and 24. Thread is screwed into the bone 33A, 33B and this screwing produce compression to the extensions 22 and 23 of the clamp 4 by the pressing of the head of the screw onto the outer surface of the extension 22 or 23 whereby outer surface of the opposite extension 22 or 23 sits on the surface of the bone 33A or 33B which leads in pinching of the clamp, decreasing of the diameter of the canal 19 of the ring 20 and resulting in locking of the clamp 4 on the bar 5 or 50 or 52. The clap 4 provides possibilities to be fixed to the bone, from one side 4A or from opposite side 4B in relation to the bar 5 or 50 or 52. So screws on the end 3A or 3B are screwed in the bone in different planes in relation to the screws fixing the clamps 4A and 4B or 4C and 4D. That provides more stable 3 dimensional bone fragment fixation. On the head 15 of the screw 3 there is impressed hexagonal imbus hole 16. Bar 5 on one end has slow peak 32 and hole 28 and on the opposite end also slow peak 31 and slot-hole 30 for the screw 3 so that screw can pass through it but without big free space on the sides in order to prevent rotation of the bar but to allow telescoping of the bar along the long axis of this bar, which is parallel with the long axis of the long bone. This end of the bar 5 is flattened 29 for the head of the screw 15 for better prevention of the rotation. When that internal fixator is applied to long bone 33 it hold position of the bone fragments. If clamps 4A and 4B become loosened then they are not locked to the bar 5 and bar 5 become telescopically movable and if on the bone fragments contact 34 there is gape between the bone fragments 33A and 33B then, because of compression produced by muscle contractile forces bar 5 slides telescopically along the slot-hole 30 in the longitudinal axis of the bar. Screw 3A screwed in the bone fragment 33A prevent rotation of the bone fragment 33B in relation to bone fragment 33A. So compression on the place of the contact 34 between two bone fragments happens. Rotator stability of the device is provided by screws 3A and 3B. Second performance of the bar 50, on one end has extension 32, 33 where are holes 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 of the canals with axis's a, b, c whereby these axis's are parallel between each other but whereby these axis's are angled in relation with long axis of the bar 51. Angle between the axis's a, b, c and the long axis of the bar 51 is 130° or can be between 90-150 °. Through these canals with axis's a, b, c is introduced one or more screw 46 which can slip telescopically along the axis of the canal. The screw 46 has the thread end 49 and smooth shaft whereby outside diameter of the thread and of the shaft the same. The head of the screw 48 provides possibility of compression, during screwing in the bone, between the bone and extension 32, 33 of the bar 50. Bar 50 on the opposite end has slow peak 31 and slow-hole 30 where passes screw 3A. This performance of the bar is suitable for the fixation of the upper part of the femur. Third performance of the bar 52 is suitable for the fixation of the distal and proximal part of the femur and other bones. On one end this performance of the bar has plate like extension 54 with holes 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of canals which axis's are e, f, g. The angle between the axis's e, f, g and the long axis of the bar 53 is 90° -95°. Through these canals are introduced screws 46 or 56 or 61 or 3. Canals on the plate like extension can be smooth cylindrical or can be conical with thread. If they are smooth then can be used screws 3 or 46 or 56. If they are with thread then screw 61 with corresponding threads on its head 62 can be used, whereby after screwing body of that screw 63 in the bone, head 62 is screwed into the threaded canal 65 providing rigid locking of the screw in relation to the plate like extension 54 of the internal fixator. Bar 52 on the opposite end has slow peak 31 and slot-hole 30 where passes screw 3A. Bar of the internal fixator 5 or 51 or 53, instead slot 30 on one end can have other shapes of extension on the same end with cross sections as: triangle 73, square 74, rectangle 85, ellipse or round rectangle 75, 5-angle 71, 6-angle 72, 7-angle 86, 8-angle 78, trunk with one or two slot 76 or 77, star 70 or other symmetrical or irregular shape. On such extension of the bar is introduced corresponding clamps 66 or 90 which have the same shape as clamp 4 or 2 except the inner shape of the canal for example 68 of the clamp which corresponds to the shape of the extension 70 if the shape is star. Inner shape of the canal of the clamp 4 or 2 has adequate shape corresponding to each of different shape of extensions 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 85, 86, 72, 76, 77, 78 other symmetrical or irregular shape of the bar. Such clamp can be fixed to the bone by tightening the screw introduced through 21 and 24 of the clamp 4 and screwed into the bone. If tightening strong then such clamp is rigidly fixed to the bar of internal fixator. If screw is not to strong tightening, then clamp 4 is not fixed to the bar whereby it is possible telescoping of the bar along its long axis but it is prevented rotation of the bar 5, 50 or 52 in relation to the clamp 4. On the same shape 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 85, 86, 72, 76, 77, 78 other symmetrical or irregular shape of the extension of the bar 5, 50, 52 can be introduced part 82 or 83 whereby these parts have the corresponding negative shape to be introduced to shape 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 85, 86, 72, 76, 77, 78 other symmetrical or irregular shape of the bar, on one end and on opposite end these parts 82, 83 ale plate like whereby part 82 has hole 80 and part 83 has slot 81. The bar of the internal fixator 5, 50 or 52, on one end, instead slot 30 can have extension like plate 84 whereby on this plate there is one hole 87 for the standard screw or screw with thread on its head 61 or one slot 88 for antirotation screw 56, 3 or standard cortical screw.

Claims: Claims 1. Internal bone fixator, which bar 5 has hole 28 on one end and slot 30 on the opposite end, or block 32 or plate 54 on one end and slot 30 on opposite end, and clamps 4 or 2 put on to the bar, pointed by that, that bar 5 is fixed to the bone by screws 3B through hole 28 and 3A through canal 30, and by clamps 4B, 4C, 4A, 4D fixed to the bone and to the bar by screws 3, or 56 introduced through holes 21, 24 of clamps 4 and screwed and tightening to the bone fragments, whereby screws in one fragment can be convergent providing so balanced 3D bone fragment stability, whereby the slot 30 of the bar 5 provides axial telescoping of the bar 5 along its long axis and so axial compression on the bone fracture area 34, whereby bar 50 on one end has block like extension 32 suitable for fixation of trochanteric fractures by the screw 46 telescopically movable in canals with axis's a, b, c and on the opposite end has telescopic slot 30 for antirotator screw, whereby bar 52 on one end has straight 88 or bent 89 plate-like extension 54 with holes with axis's e, f, g and on the opposite site has telescopic slot 30 for antirotator screw. 2. Self-locking clamp 2 and screw 1, pointed by that, that ring like part of the clamp 7, 8 has two extensions whereby upper one 9 has hole 11 which has bigger inner diameter in comparison to outer diameter of the thread 26 of the screw 1, while lower extension 10 is more thick and extensions 9 and 10 are separated by slot which interrupts the ring 2 of the clamp, whereby lower extension has threaded canal 12 which corresponds to the tread 26 of the screw 1 so that on the end of the screwing of the smaller diameter tread 14 of the screw 1 into the bone, the tread 26 is screwed into threaded canal 12 of the clamp 2 producing pinching of the clamp, decreasing of the diameter of the canal 19 of the ring 20 and resulting in locking of the clamp 4 on the bar 5 or 51 or 53. 3. Clamp 4, pointed by that, that ring like part 20 has 2 the same shape extensions 22 and 23 which are separated by slot which separates the ring 20, whereby each of two extensions 22, 23 have the opposite holes in one axis whereby inner diameters of each hole is bigger then outer diameter of the screw 3 or 56 so that on the end of the screwing of the screw into the bone, head of the screw presses on the outer surface of one extension against other extension which outer surface sites on the surface of the bone producing pinching of two extensions of the clamp, decreasing so the diameter of the canal 19 of the ring 20 and resulting in locking of the clamp 4 on the bar 5 or 51 or 53. 4. The bar 5 of the internal fixator, pointed by that, that on both ends has slow pick 31, 32, whereby on one end there is one hole 28 for screw which is screwed into the bone and on the opposite end there is one slot 30 along the long axis of the bar 5 for the screw 3 or 56 which is screwed into the bone 33A, whereby by its smooth neck 17 or 58 and, or, by its flattened lower surface of the head 15, sitting on the flattened part of the bar 29, prevents rotation of the bar 5 in relation to the screw 3A, preventing so dislocation of the bone fragments 33A and 33B in relation to each other, but allows telescoping of the bar 5 along its long axis provided by telescoping slot 30 and so axial movements of bone fragments 33A, 33B, producing so axial compression on the fracture area 34. 5. The bar 50 of the internal fixator, pointed by that, that on one end there is extension 32, 33 with holes 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 of the parallel canals with axis's a, b, c who are on the angle of 130° or any angle between 90-180° in relation to the long axis of the bar 51, so that through these canales are introduced screws 46 who can slide along the axis's a or b or c providing dynamic fixation for example of the trochanteric fractures, whereby bar 50 on the opposite end has one slot 30 along the long axis of the bar 50 for the screw 3 or 56 which is screwed into the bone 33A, whereby by its smooth neck 17 or 58 and, or, by its flattened lower surface of the head 15, sitting on the flattened part of the bar 29, prevents rotation of the bar 50 in relation to the screw 3A, preventing so dislocation of the bone fragments 33A and 33B in relation to each other, but allows telescoping of the bar 50 along its long axis and so axial movements of bone fragments 33A, 33B, producing so axial compression on the fracture area 34. The bar 52 of the internal fixator, pointed by that, that on one end there is plate like extension 54, straight 88 or bent 89, with holes 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the parallel canals e, f, g with angle between these axis's and long axis of the bar 53 of 90°-95° , whereby through these canals are introduced screws 46 which can to slide along the axis's e, f, g of the canals, or canals on the plate-like extensions are threaded 65 so that screw 61 after screwing of its body 63 into bone, its head 62 is screwed into the threaded hole 65 fixing so screw 61 rigidly to the plate 54, whereby bar 52 on the opposite end has one slot 30 along the long axis of the bar 52 for the screw 3 or 56 which is screwed into the bone 33A, whereby by its smooth neck 17 and, or, by its flattened lower surface of the head 15, sitting on the flattened part of the bar 29, prevents rotation of the bar 52 in relation to the screw 3A, preventing so dislocation of the bone fragments 33A and 33B in relation to each other, but allows telescoping of the bar 52 along its long axis and so axial movements of bone fragments 33A, 33B, producing so axial compression on the fracture area 34. Screw 46 of the internal fixator, pointed by that, that on one end has thread 49 for screwing into the head of the femur, which outside diameter is the same as diameter of the shaft 47 and on the opposite end there is head 48 with impressed hexagonal canal for imbus screw driver. 8. Bar 5 or 50 or 52 instead slot 30 on the same end has prism shape 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, other geometric shape 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or irregular shape, pointed by that, that roll-like end of the bar continue as prism like shape bar 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, as other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or as irregular shape, representing mail part for female part represented by clamp 66 which inner shape of the canal corresponds exactly to mail shape so that it is possible telescoping sliding, but not possible rotator movements between bar 5, 50, 52 and clamp 66. 9. Clamp 66 with two canals which axis's are g and h,. pointed by that, that inner walls of the canal which axis is h, which are put on as female part to the part of the bar 5, 50, 52 has star like shape 68 or prism like shape bar 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, as other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or as irregular shape, whereby the shape of inner wall 68 of the clamp 66 corresponds exactly to the shape of the bar as 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, as other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or as irregular shape, whereby clamp 66 can be fixed to that bar by the screw 3 or 56 whereby screw passes through the hole which axis is g and is screwed in the bone so that extensions 23, 24 of the clamp 66 are pressed between the head of the screw 3, 56 and the surface of the bone 33A, 33B producing so decreasing of the diameter of the ring 67 of the clamp 66 and providing fixation of the clamp 66 to the bar 5, 50, 52 and to the bone, whereby if screw 3, 56 is not tightened it is possible telescoping movements between the bar 5, 50, 52 and the clamp 66 along the long axis of the bar but it is not possible rotation between the bar and the clamp. 10. Self-locking clamp 90, pointed by that, that its construction is the same as self-locking clamp 2 with only difference in inner walls 68 of the clamp 90 which are with the star like shape or shape like on the cross section 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, or other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or irregular shape where is that canal is female part in relation of the part of the bar 5, 50, 52 which is also star like shape or shape like on the cross section 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, or other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85, or irregular shape, whereby bar 5, 50, 52 can slide in the clamp 90 along the long axis of the bar but can not rotate in relation to the clamp, or clamp 90 can be fixed to the bar if screw 1 presses the part 9 to part 10 by screwing thread 26 of the bar 1 into the threaded canal 12 of the clamp 90. 11. Bar 5, 50, 52 one end has plate like extension 84 with slot 88 or with hole 87, pointed by that, that roll like part of the bar 5, 50, 52 become flattened 54 and plate like 84 in which is the slot 88 which long axis is parallel to the long axis of the bar 5, 50, 52, or in the plate like extension there is hole 87, whereby slot or hole are for passing of the screw 3 or 56 and if inner walls of that hole have threads 65 then in that threaded hole is screwed threaded head 62 of the screw 61. 12. Insert 82 and 83 of internal fixator with bar 5, 50, 52, which is on one end has extension to be put on to the bar and on opposite end is plate like, pointed by that, that on the part which is put on to the end of the bar 5, 50, 52 which is star like or prism like cross section 71, 73, 74, 86, 72, 78, or other geometric shape on cross section 70, 75, 76, 77, 85 or irregular shape, representing mail part, as female part 79 is put on to that mail part, whereby shape of that female part corresponds to the cross section shape of the mail part, whereby insert 82 on the opposite end has plate like shape with slot 81 which long axis is parallel to the long axis of the bar 5, 50, 52, while insert 83 on opposite end has plate like extension which has hole 80 on it which on its walls can be threaded so that screw 61 can be screwed in this hole by its threaded head 62 providing so rigid connection between the insert 83 and the screw 61. 13. Screw 56 and 61, pointed by that, that tip of the screw is sharp like three side pyramid, or drill bit like tip, or plate like tip with sharp edges while on the body there is threads 63 which are screwed into the bone and on the head also there is threads 62 which corresponds to the threads 65 on the hole 65 of the plate like extension 84, whereby screw is screwed by the screw driver introduced in the hexagonal hole 64, 60 which is on the head 62, while screw 56 doesn't have threads on the head 51 and it has roll like neck 58, without threads.

Inventors: MITKOVIC MILORAD, MITKOVIC, MILORAD
Applicants: MITKOVIC MILORAD, MITKOVIC, MILORAD
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A61B17
IPC codes: A61B17