A BED

Abstract: A bed comprises a support arrangement (1) adapted to provide upper support surfaces for and carry a person lying in the bed through an upper limitation thereof. A suction device is arranged to generate an air flow from the contact surfaces between a person lying in the bed, through the interior of the support arrangement and out thereof for obtaining a ventilation of the bed space under the person and suction of air away from the bed space through the suction device when a person rests in the bed.

Description: Applicant: Stefan Larsson and David Wyon A BED FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to a bed comprising a support arrangement adapted to provide upper support surfaces through an upper limitation thereof for and carry a person lying in the bed, in which at least parts of the portions of said upper limitation forming said support surfaces are designed to have a good ability to let air through. Beds of all types are already known and they have one problem in common, namely the difficulty to create a thermal environment around the person being favourable for the sleeping condi- tion of a person when the person is lying in the bed. The reason for this is that the air on the parts of the support arrangement, normally the mattress of the bed, onto which the person is resting will be heated by the person and a high thermal insulation will be present with respect to the person through the mattress. This means in its turn that the person easily becomes excessively hot and secretion of sweat arises in the body parts bearing against the support arrangement. These circumstances are normally made worser by the fact that the person has a bed quilt over the body for not getting cold on the parts of the body being turned away from the support arrangement. This means that on one hand the sleep of the person in question gets in differently high degrees disturbed and the rest by that not that efficient. On the other, the humid environment formed in the bed next to the upper support surfaces of the support arrangement means that depositions of cuticle from the person in the bed gets moist and soft and perfectly suited as nutrition for mites, which may live and propagate in this environment. The excrements of such mites are strongly allergenic. Another serious problem is that when persons have to stay in the bed for a longer time since they are bound to the bed for different reasons, such as a tem- porarily or a lengthy disease, unpleasant odours then usually occur from the bed space above the mattress. It is already known to seek a remedy to these inconveniences in many different ways, such as by arranging different types of fans, such as table fans, spray the bed with mite killing preparations and so on. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a bed which to a large extent finds a remedy to the inconveniences mentioned above of beds already known. This object is according to the invention obtained by providing a bed in which at least an opening to the exterior is arranged in the support arrangement for communicating with the inner side of the air-permeable parts of said portions, a suction device for creating a negative air pressure is connectable to the opening, and the interior of the support arrangement is adapted to allow a connected suction device in operation to draw the air outside said support surfaces through said air-permeable portion parts and through the interior of the support arrangement out thereof through said opening for drawing air away from said support surfaces through the suction device when a person is resting in the bed. Through the entirely new approach to suck air from the upper support surfaces for supporting a person resting in the bed through the support arrangement and away through said open- ing when a person rests, preferably sleeps, in the bed, it gets possible to obtain a thermal comfort for the person resting in the bed of a considerably better type than already known. Through said suction of air away firstly the thermal insulation and the vapour diffusion resistance in the upper part of the support arrangement, normally the mattress, are reduced, so that heat ra- diated by the body parts in question of the person may be removed with such a speed that the secretion of sweat of the person has not to be started. This means in its turn that the humidity of the air in the bed space above the support surfaces in question may be kept on an acceptably low, normal level, which in its turn means that depositions of cuticle resulting in the bed will get dry and hard and by that inedible to mites, which will experience there living conditions being radically impaired. Thus, the thermal asymmetry of the body of a person resting in the bed is reduced and a more homogenous climate will instead be obtained around the entire body. Accordingly, the invention makes the two most important mechanisms for heat loss more efficient, namely dry heat transport and evaporative heat transport, which both are retarded by conventional bed clothes and mattresses to such an extent that the heat balance of the body of vital importance is made difficult. Another advantageous aspect of the invention is the following: For making it possible to lie comfortable without any need of moving the body it is necessary, except from the thermal climate, that the pressure against the body surface is lower than the blood pressure of the body on each surface unit. If the pressure against the surface exceeds the blood pressure there is a risk that the blood vein will be obstructed and inconveniences occur, which may influence the sleep negatively with body movements as a consequence. A soft bed gets more embracing and increases by that the insulating surface against the body. For being able to solve this problem material as horsehair, pighair, peat, wool, hay, flax, etc are used as material in the beds of today. These materials may absorb moisture and transport the moisture downwardly in the bed (humid air is lighter than dry one) and by that increase the thermal comfort. However, by utilising the principal according to the invention the bed may be manufactured with simple, less costly synthetical and hygienical material and also be made with still better properties than possible with the absorbing materials of today and with a better thermal comfort. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the air- permeable portion parts are surrounded by an air-tight material for concentrating the flows of air from the region of said support surfaces through said portion parts, and at least parts of the interior of the support arrangement are air-tightly delimited with respect to the exterior for only allowing communication with the exterior through said opening and said portion parts. The suction capacity of the suction device gets by this efficient exactly were this is needed , so that the suction power required for a given amount of air transported away per time unit from the re- gion of the contact surfaces between a person resting in the bed and the bed gets low and by that energy for driving the suction device may be saved, but this may primarily be dimensioned to work comparatively quite, which of course is desired when the person in the bed wants to sleep, especially if the suction device is arranged close to the support arrangement. For increasing the efficiency of the suction device further the air-permeable portion parts do preferably constitute a restricted region of the upper limitation of the support arrangement, which substantially corresponds to the support surfaces being adapted to receive and support any body part of a person lying in the bed, and more exactly is said region restricted to the support surfaces being adapted to receive and support the thighs and the trunk of a person lying in the bed. The heat generated and emitted by the person mainly comes from these large body parts, so that it may be suitable to restrict the suction of air to the contact surface these have to the support arrangement. According to other preferred embodiments of the invention the air-permeability is obtained by arranging through-holes through a substantially air-tight material layer, or by arranging a layer of a material having a good capacity to let air through. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the suction device comprises a fan member arranged in a room on the lower side of the support arrangement, and the bed comprises a box delimiting said room for receiving the fan member and provided with silencing members. This is advantageous for not disturbing the person resting in the bed by the operation of the fan member. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the suction device is connected to said opening through a conduit leading to a fan member included in the suction device and re- motely arranged with respect to the support arrangement. Both increased possibilities to shield noise generated through the operation of the fan member from the person lying in the bed and to blow out the air sucked away by the fan at a proper distance to the bed are obtained , so that bad body smell and moisture may be removed from the room in which the bed is located. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the bed comprises members adapted to measure the temperature of the air located in immediate proximity to said support surfaces of the support arrangement and send information thereabout to the control unit, and the control unit is adapted to control the suction of air of the suction device in dependence of said temperature information. An adjustment of the temperature of the air surrounding the body of the person in contact with said support surfaces being an optimum for the comfort of the person lying in the bed is enabled by this. By the fact that according to another preferred embodiment of the invention the bed has members adapted to measure the humidity of the air located in immediate proximity to said support surfaces of the support arrangement and send information thereabout to the control unit, and the control unit is adapted to control the suction of air of the suction device in dependence of said air humidity information, it may continuously be ensured that the air humidity of the air surrounding the body of a person resting on the support arrangement is kept on a desired level. Especially these two members in combination with each other may enable a desired adjustment of the thermal environment for the person lying in the bed. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the suction device is arranged reversable, and the control unit is adapted to be able to control the suction device to be reversed for blowing air in through said opening and out through said portion parts of the support surfaces of the support arrangement. A heating element is then preferably at the same time arranged to heat the air so supplied to the region of said contact surfaces, in which this may mainly be utilised before the person in question shall lay down in the bed for heating this to a level experienced as pleasant by the person when this goes to bed. It is well possible that the control unit is designed to automati- cally control the suction device and parts of the bed cooperating therewith in dependence of predetermined criterions, in which different types of detectors, such as attendance detectors and the like, may be arranged for influencing the control, but it would also be well possible that as an option provide the possibility of a control by hand of parts included in the bed, at least the suction device, by arranging means therefor. Further advantages as well as advantageous features of the invention will appear from the following description and the other dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a de- scription of preferred embodiments of the invention cited as examples. In the drawings: fig 1 is a simplified, partially exploded and sectioned view of a bed according to the invention, fig 2 illustrates schematically the bed according to fig 1 with a person resting thereon, fig 3 is a sectioned side-elevation of a bed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, fig 4 is a detailed view of a part of the bed according to fig 3 in side-elevation, fig 5 illustrates schematically how the air sucked away may be transported away from the bed through a conduit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and fig 6 illustrates schematically how a plurality of beds may be connected to one single remotely located suction device in common. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The construction of a bed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described while making reference simultaneously to figs 1 -3. The bed has in a conventional way a support arrangement 1 adapted to support a person lying in the bed and which is formed by a mattress 2 and a bed part 3, which sometimes is called bed and is provided with legs 4 for standing on the floor. The mattress 2 has in the present case a core layer 5 of an elastic soft material with a good ability to let air through, such as perforated latex. This core layer 5 is covered by a thin cover layer 6 of an elastic soft cover material being air-perme- able, for example a textile of the type wool tricot. Finally, the mattress has a circumferential frame 7 of an elastic, soft and airtight material, which on the lower side extends further in towards the centre of the mattress than on the upper side of the mattress. This frame 7 restricts on the top a surface 8 through which air may enter the bed mattress from above and a lower more restricted surface 9, through which air may move between the interior of the bed mattress and the space under the bed mattress. The idea behind the appearance will be explained further below. The bed part 3 is constructed in the following way: A thin covering layer 10 of an elastic, soft and air-tight material is arranged on the top, for example the same material as the layer 7 of the mattress, such as fabric with an impermeable layer of polyurethane. An elastic, very air-permeable thicker layer 1 1 , for example of any foamed plastic, is arranged thereunder. Under this different types of spring members 12 are arranged in a room 13 occupying the main part of the inner volume of the bed part. The spring members are arranged to give the person lying in the bed a support when lying in the bed being suitable from the anatomic point of view. The spring members are in the present case formed by helical springs arranged in so-called double spring packages with support members 14 located between the packages. The room 13 is laterally and at the bottom air-tightly delimited with respect to the exterior through a surrounding tight member 15. The inner room 13 in the bed part is permitted to communicate through air exchange with the surroundings at two locations. The first is formed at the top by arrangement of small through- holes 16 in the air-tight material layer 10, and these holes are arranged along a surface substantially corresponding to the surface 9 of the lower side of the bed mattress. The second lo- cation is formed by an opening 17 in the tight member 15 arranged on the lower side of the bed part at the foot end of the bed. Reference will now also be made to fig 4. The opening 17 opens into a box 18 arranged under the bed part and which is at the bottom provided with a second opening 19 for communicating with the exterior of the bed. A fan member 20 in the form of an electric motor 21 and a propeller 22 driven thereby to rotate are arranged in the interior of the box with the propeller close to the opening 17. A control unit 23 is arranged to control the function of the fan member and energy supply is received from the electricity network through an energy supply device 24. Both openings 17 and 19 are partially obstructed by covering members 25 and 26, respectively, with the aim to absorb noise. When the fan member is driven in such a way that it generates a negative air pressure at the opening 17 air will be drawn through the upper surface 8 of the bed mattress, mainly through the central parts thereof corresponding to a projection of the lower surface 9 thereof, through the bed mattress, out on the lower side thereof through the surface 9, through the perforations 16 of the upper layer 10 of the bed part, into the inner volume of the bed part, through the spring package and out through the opening 17 for then being blown out of the box through the opening 19. However, would it be possible to reverse the suction device air may instead be blown in the opposite direction. Such reversing may take place by arranging the fan member rever- sable for by turning the air flow generated through a suitable valve device. A heating element 27 is arranged inside the box for upon need heat the air transported to the region above the mattress when the fan member is reversed. The control unit 23 may preferably, except from regulating the switching on and off of the heating element, adjust the inblow temperature, possibly by means of the speed of the fan. The bed has also members 28 adapted to measure the temperature of the air for the moment located immediately above the support surfaces formed by the mattress for a person lying in the bed, in which this is preferably made indirectly through a member 28 arranged close to the opening 17 for measuring the temperature of the air sucked out therethrough. Members 29 measuring the humidity of the air above said support surface are also arranged, here also for indirect measurement close to the opening 17. These members 28, 29 are adapted to send information about the temperature and air humidity, respectively, prevailing to the control unit 23, and this is in its turn adapted to control the fan member 20 in dependence of this information and predetermined criterions, which do not necessarily have to mean constant levels of temperature and air humidity over a given period of time. Furthermore, a means for controlling at least the fan member, but possibly also the heating element, by hand in the form of a control 31 is arranged accessible to the person lying in the bed. The temperature measuring member 28 could also be placed outside the very fan box 18 and for example be located in the control 31 which may be connected to a spiral cord and as mentioned be placed easily accessible to the user, for example on a bedside table. It would also be conceivable to have two temperature measuring members, one in the box 18 and one outside thereof as just described. The corresponding reasoning is valid for the air humidity measuring member 29, i.e. in the box 18, outside the box, for example in the control 31 , or both. By plac- ing the measuring members 28, 29 in the way mentioned outside the box an adaption of the bed to different outer conditions is enabled, such as lowering of the temperature in the night or using the bed in regions with different climates and typically temperatures and moisture levels within widely different value ranges. The function of the bed is the following: When a person (schematically indicated in fig 2) lies in the bed and rests, preferably sleeps, this will bear through about 35% of the body surface against the support arrangement and the main part thereof against the support surface portion of the support arrangement corresponding to a projection of the surface 9 of the mattress. This surface is preferably dimensioned to receive and support the thighs and the trunk of a person lying in the bed and the surface 9 has for this sake preferably a length of between 0.8 and 1 .3 m and a width of between 0.4 and 0.7 m. The length is 1 m and the width 0.5 m in the present case. When the fan member is switched off the bed and the bed clothes will together form a considerable thermal insulation with standing air in combination with a high vapour diffusion resistance, which has a tendency to initiate secretion of sweat from the person and by making the evaporation and diffusion of sweat difficult form a humid and warm environment around the body of the person supported by the mattress. If now instead the fan member is controlled to draw air through the mattress and in the way de- scribed above to the opening 17, the thermal insulation and the vapour diffusion resistance in the mattress will decrease drastically, so that the thermal asymmetry over the body will substantially disappear and a more homogenous climate with an acceptable air humidity and temperature may be obtained around the entire body of the person lying in the bed. The thermal conditions for the person get by this substantially as if this would stand upright with a bed quilt loose around the body. The suction device, i.e. the fan member, may then be controlled so that the suction capacity thereof is adapted to the values measured for different parameters, such as temperature and air humidity, of the air at the contact surfaces between the person and the bed. There is also a possibility for the person to influence the function of the fan member by hand through the control 31 , and it would also be possible to provide the control or the control unit with a timer for setting varying suction during different periods of time of the day. There is of course also a possibility to now and then just turn the fan member off. A ventilation of the bed space above the lying surface with an environment being substantially improved for a person lying in the bed but re- markably deteriorated for the living conditions for mites, which lives through depositions of cuticle, which through the lack of humidity gets so hard that they may not function as nutrition for the mites, is obtained through the construction of the bed according to the invention. It would also be possible to use the bed according the invention in such a way that the lying surface gets heated until a person is to lay down in the bed by reversing the air flow and switch in the heating element 27, so that the function then will be similar to a warm water bottle. Energy may by this in certain cases be saved by the fact that a lower room temperature may be accepted without waiving the well being of the person. The air could through the heating element 27 be given a temperature of about 40°C measured in the member 28. It would of course also be possible to let the function of the fan member and possibly also the heating element be controlled in dependence of different detectors, such as attendance detectors, so that for example a suction is started as soon as a person lays down in the bed and ceases when the load is removed from the lying surface of the bed. It is in fig 4 also illustrated that a pressure sensor 33 is adapted to detect the movements of a person and enable a good regulation of the thermal climate. It is shown in fig 5 how it is possible to only connect a conduit 30, here in the form of a hose, with the opening 17 to the inner space of the bed part and arrange the fan member remotely located, for example in another room than the bed, for obtaining on one hand a minimum of disturbances of the person lying in the bed through the fan member, and on the other for ensuring that the air, which may be rotten and smell badly, sucked out from the region of the lying surface of the bed will not come out into the room in which the bed is located but for example is blown out in the open air. Another possibility to remove particles and bad body air from air blown out by the fan member in a flat consists in arranging a particle filter provided with a carbon filter part adapted to absorb odourants in the exhaust air. A further development of the embodiment just described is shown in fig 6, in which conduits from a plurality of beds 1 ', 1 ", 1 '" are connected to a fan member 20 in common, which may be advantageous in for example nursing homes and hospitals. It is in this case suitable to have a throttle valve 32 indicated in fig 6 on the respective bed. It would also be possible to utilise a central vacuum cleaner system as suction device. The invention is of course not in any way restricted to the preferred embodiments described above, but many possibilities to modifications thereof would be apparent for a man with skill in the art without departing from the basic idea of the invention as defined in the appended claims. It would for example be possible to have the mattress and the bed part integrated into one single unit, and the air-tight part 7 will then in the practise not reach in on the lower side of the mattress, but this part will connect peripherally directly to the sealing member 15 so as to delimit the space within the unit so formed. This will result in a need of a lower power of the fan member for obtaining a determined air flow velocity. It would of course be possible to let the fan member operate continuously around the clock with exactly the same speed and a low air flow and then possibly totally omit the control unit, but it would also be possible to connect more detecting members than those discussed above to the control unit for making the function of the fan member dependent upon the value of the pa- rameters detected by these members. Such a detector could for example be adapted to detect the temperature in the room in which the bed is located, since there may for example be a need of a stronger air flow in the summer when the temperatures in the room are high. It is pointed out that the bed may just as well be a twin bed, although it is above all the time spoken about one person resting in the bed. It would then in the practise also be possible to design the support arrangement for one person in the way described above, while the other bed half corresponds to a conventional bed, although this is hardly not desired. It would also be conceivable to provide a possibility to individual control of the climate in the proximity of the respective bed half.

Claims: Claims: 1 . A bed comprising a support arrangement (1 ) adapted to provide upper support surfaces through an upper limitation thereof for and carry a person lying in the bed, in which at least parts of the portions of said upper limitation forming said support surfaces are designed to have a good ability to let air through, characterized in that at least an opening (17) to the exterior is arranged in the support arrangement for communicating with the inner side of the air-permeable parts of said portions, that a suction device (20) for creating a negative air pressure is connectable to the opening, and that the interior of the support arrangement is adapted to allow a connected suction device in operation to draw the air outside said support surfaces through said air-permeable portion parts and through the interior of the support arrangement out thereof through said opening for drawing air away from said support surfaces through the suction device when a person is resting in the bed. 2. A bed according the claim 1 , characterized in that said air- permeable portion parts (5, 6) are surrounded by an air-tight material (7) for concentrating the flows of air from the region of said support surfaces through said portion parts, and that at least parts of the interior (1 3) of the support arrangement are air-tightly delimited with respect to the exterior for only allowing communication with the exterior through said opening (17) and said portion parts. 3. A bed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said air-permeable portion parts constitute a restricted region (9) of the upper limitation of the support arrangement, and that this region substantially corresponds to the support surfaces adapted to receive and support any body part of a person resting in the bed. 4. A bed according to claim 3, characterized in that said region (9) is restricted to the support surfaces adapted to receive and support the thighs and the trunk of a person lying in the bed. 5. A bed according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said region (9) is substantially centered with respect to the upper limitation of the support arrangement, and that the length of the region in the longitudinal direction of the bed is between 0.8 and 1 .3 m. 6. A bed according to any of claims 3-5, characterized in that said region (9) is substantially centered with respect to the upper limitation of the support surface, and that the width of the region in the transversal direction of the bed is between 0.4 and 0.7 m. 7. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (17) and said air-permeable portion parts (5, 6, 9) have such a mutual localisation that the suction device is adapted to draw air from said portion parts to the opening through a package of spring members (12) arranged inside the support arrangement. 8. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support arrangement comprises a separate mattress (2) and a bed part (3) adapted to carry the mattress, that the mattress has said air-permeable portion parts (5, 6), and that the bed part is surrounded by an air-tight limitation (10, 15) to the exterior penetrated by said opening (17) and an air-permeable part (16) for communication with the interior of the bed part with the mattress. 9. A bed according to any of claims 1 -7, characterized in that the support arrangement comprises a mattress and a bed part integrated with each other as one single unit, and that the entire support arrangement is surrounded by an air-tight limitation to the exterior perforated by said opening and said air-permeable portion parts of the mattress. 10. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said air-permeability is obtained by arranging through-holes (16) through a substantially air-tight material layer. 1 1. A bed according to any of claims 1 -9, characterized in that said air-permeability is obtained by arranging a layer (5, 6) of a material with a good ability to let air through . 12. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, character- ized in that said opening (17) connectable to the suction device is arranged on the lower side of the support arrangement. 13. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, character- ized in that the suction device comprises a fan member (20) arranged in a room on the lower side of the support arrangement. 14. A bed according to claim 13, characterized in that it com- prises a box (18) delimiting said room for receiving the fan member and provided with silencing members (25, 26). 15. A bed according to any of claims 1 -12, characterized in that the suction device is connected to said opening through a conduit (30) leading to a fan member included in the suction device and remotely located with respect to the support arrangement. 16. A bed according to claim 15, characterized in that said fan member (20) is adapted to receive a said conduit (30) from a plurality of support arrangements (1 \ 1 ", 1 '") for achieving ventilation of support surfaces thereof through one and the same fan member. 17. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, character- ized in that it comprises a control unit (23, 31 ) adapted to allow controlling of said drawing of air away. 18. A bed according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises members (28) adapted to measure the temperature of the air located in immediate proximity to said support surfaces of the support arrangement and send information thereabout to the control unit (23), and that the control unit is adapted to control the suction of air of the suction device in dependence of said temperature information. 19. A bed according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises members (29) adapted to measure the humidity of the air located in immediate proximity to said support surfaces of the support arrangement and send information thereabout to the control unit (23), and that the control unit is adapted to control the suction of air of the suction device in dependence of said air humidity information. 20. A bed according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said member (28, 29) are adapted to carry out said measuring in an indirect way by carrying out the measurement for the air drawn by the suction device through said portion parts of the upper limitation of the support arrangement. 21 . A bed according to claim 17, characterized in that the suction device is arranged reversable, and that the control unit (23) is adapted to be able to control the suction device to be reversed for blowing in air through said opening (17) and out through said portion parts of the support surfaces of the sup- port arrangement. 22. A bed according to claim 21 , characterized in that it comprises a heating element (27) adapted to heat the air led to said portion parts of the support surfaces of the support arrangement when the suction device is reversed for supplying air being heated with respect to the surroundings of the bed to the space immediately above the support surfaces of the support arrangement. 23. A bed according to claim 17, characterized in that the con- trol unit (23) is adapted to automatically control the suction device and parts of the bed co-operating therewith depending upon predetermined criterions. 24. A bed according to any of the preceding claims, character- ized in that it comprises means (31 ) for influencing at least said suction device by hand.

Inventors: LARSSON STEFAN, WYON DAVID, LARSSON, STEFAN, WYON, DAVID
Applicants: LARSSON STEFAN, WYON DAVID, LARSSON, STEFAN, WYON, DAVID
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A47C21
IPC codes: A47C21