NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES WHICH CODE FOR THE DEP34 GENE

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence chosen from the group consisting of a) polynucleotide which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to a polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, b) polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, c) polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotides of a) or b), and d) polynucleotide comprising at least 15 successive nucleotides of the polynucleotide sequence of a), b) or c), and a process for the fermentative preparation of L-amino acids using coryneform bacteria in which at least the dep34 gene is present in attenuated form, and the use of polynucleotides which comprise the sequences according to the invention as hybridization probes.

Description: Nucleotide Sequences which Code for the dep34 Gene Field of the Invention The invention provides nucleotide sequences from coryneform bacteria which code for the dep34 gene and a process for the fermentative preparation of amino acids using bacteria in which the dep34 gene is attenuated. Prior Art L-Amino acids, in particular L-lysine, are used in human medicine and in the pharmaceuticals industry, in the foodstuffs industry and very particularly in animal nutrition- It is known that amino acids are prepared by fermentation from strains of coryneform bacteria, in particular Corynebacterium glutamicum. Because of their great importance, work is constantly being undertaken to improve the preparation processes. Improvements to the process can relate to fermentation measures, such as, for example, stirring and supply of oxygen, or the composition of the nutrient media, such as, for example, the sugar concentration during the fermentation, or the working up to the product form by, for example, ion exchange chromatography, or the intrinsic output properties of the microorganism itself. Methods of mutagenesis, selection and mutant selection are used to improve the output properties of these microorganisms. Strains which are resistant to antimetabolites or are auxotrophic for metabolites of regulatory importance and which produce amino acids are obtained in this manner. Methods of the recombinant DNA technique have also been employed for some years for improving the strain of Corynebacterium strains which produce L-amino acid, by amplifying individual amino acid biosynthesis genes and investigating the effect on the amino acid production. Object of the Invention The inventors had the object of providing new measures for improved fermentative preparation of amino acids. Summary of the Invention Where L-amino acids or amino acids are mentioned in the following, this means one or more amino acids, including their salts, chosen from the group consisting of L-asparagine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamate, L-glycine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-lysine, L-tryptophan and L-arginine. L-Lysine is particularly preferred. When L-lysine or lysine are mentioned in the following, not only the bases but also the salts, such as e.g. lysine monohydrochloride or lysine sulfate, are meant by this. The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide from coryneform bacteria, comprising a polynucleotide sequence which codes for the dep34 gene, chosen from the group consisting of a) polynucleotide which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to a polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, b) polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, c) polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotides of a) or b) , and d) polynucleotide comprising at least 15 successive nucleotides of the polynucleotide sequence of a) , b) or c), the polypeptide preferably having the activity of the efflux protein Dep34. The invention also provides the above-mentioned polynucleotide, this preferably being a DNA which is capable of replication, comprising: (i) the nucleotide sequence, shown in SEQ ID No.l, or (ii) at least one sequence which corresponds to sequence (i) within the range of the degeneration of the genetic code, or (iii) at least one sequence which hybridizes with the sequences complementary to sequences (i) or (ii) , and optionally (iv) sense mutations of neutral function in (i) . The invention also provides: a polynucleotide, in particular DNA, which is capable of replication and comprises the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No.l; a polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID No . 2 ; a vector containing parts of the polynucleotide according to the invention, but at least 15 successive nucleotides of the sequence claimed, and coryneform bacteria in which the dep34 gene is attenuated, in particular by an insertion or deletion. Φ Φ O Φ Φ -H rd »-_ -H -Q o z X! -Q o Φ ^ Xl O rd Oi -H . rd rd . o x! £ O Ό 0 > >r σ ϋ r 54 cn S-) -. 4-1 rd -H • H fd en X 54 CO -Q ^ -H »-_ o Φ O , iq 0. 0 54 H rd o X. m e rd xi -H 4-1 +J Φ ϋ rd -H -H -H Φ Xi 54 •=* ^ . . α. ω ≥ o -H TS Cn - rd Φ Xi JxJ « X 3 ϋ ε rd φ . o . φ -C ω co O Φ φ H o * -. 54 4-> xi o o O Φ φ ϋ ε O o Φ Φ co ^ X! U -H Φ o Φ -H -H s φ υ X! ϋ -H ϋ 44 Φ P. 44 54 Φ ) rd α. 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I- 1 Hi X5 φ ft O h- ft • μ- V h- 1 rt 3 OJ 0 ) ιQ OJ Ω tr ? 01 tr μ- < Ω OJ tr φ Ω Ω h^ hj μ- Φ β hi Φ β m 0) rt φ - Λ φ Φ β r φ o tr H O g hj 0 ) rt rt rt μ- to ιQ ■t ft cQ Xi Φ μ- Hi 3 3 CO o O OJ Ω Φ β tr φ Oi Φ O • Ω o OJ U3 3 β o β φ β hj OJ hi > OJ φ Ω h- 1 μ- h- 1 O β OJ β rt Ω rt 3 m 3 Ω μ- β Ω OJ hi CO 3 CO to μ- OJ β Φ o μ- o P. ft β hi •< o Xi Ω β 3 β o β H o OJ 3 β O β φ o β rt o 01 Xi 3 ft φ o KQ Ω o h- Λ cr > £ d-> ιQ tr μ- tr cr hj μ- hj 0 ) Φ H 3 O Φ > μ- Ω Hi φ OJ *< Φ φ •< hj O cn β ι-3 h- 1 β o O β X CO β j O Φ O β 3 o .V ft Φ Xi φ o Φ H CO O 3 β φ σ φ n σ Hi XJ α-- O CO O hj OJ hi o OJ hi o O ^3 -J ι-3 o s: μ- Ω rt hj Ω rt Φ r μ> M O "-3 o CO β β rt CO σ. O o tv> < < rt tr CO o CO 3 Φ β Φ Φ φ 00 S Oi O h- 1 s; hi Hi Φ hi β σ, C l μ- cQ μ- o cr μ- cQ ft CO TO CO CO h- 1 β H OJ β φ OJ πd 00 o β 3 Ω 3 β rt OJ 1 -J σi 1 rt μ- rt β μ- β h-^ o ft OJ rt Φ CD cπ <ι ^ 3 μ- Cfl hj rt Φ CO i μ- β μ- tr CO CD Φ Ω OJ φ β cr CO 3 hi o 3 μ- φ Hi rt j *~* μ- 3 OJ o rt J μ- • < >< β CO rt cr O Φ and L-amino acid-producing mutants or strains prepared therefrom. The new dep34 gene from C. glutamicum which codes for the efflux protein Dep34 has been isolated. To isolate the dep34 gene or also other genes of C. glutamicum, a gene library of this microorganism is first set up in Escherichia coli (E. coli) . The setting up of gene libraries is described in generally known textbooks and handbooks. The textbook by Winnacker: Gene und Klone, Eine Einfϋhrung in die Gentechnologie [Genes and Clones, An Introduction to Genetic Engineering] (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1990) , or the handbook by Sambrook et al.: Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989) may be mentioned as an example. A well-known gene library is that of the E. coli K-12 strain W3110 set up in λ vectors by Kohara et al. (Cell 50, 495 -508 (1987)). Bathe et al. (Molecular and General Genetics, 252:255-265, 1996) describe a gene library of C. glutamicum ATCC13032, which was set up with the aid of the cos id vector SuperCos I (Wahl et al., 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 84:2160-2164) in the E. coli K-12 strain NM554 (Raleigh et al., 1988, Nucleic Acids Research 16:1563-1575). Bδrmann et al. (Molecular Microbiology 6(3), 317-326)) (1992) ) in turn describe a gene library of C. glutamicum ATCC13032 using the cosmid pHC79 (Hohn and Collins, 1980, Gene 11, 291-298) . To prepare a gene library of C. glutamicum in E. coli it is also possible to use plasmids such as pBR322 (Bolivar, 1979, Life Sciences, 25, 807-818) or pUC9 (Vieira et al., 1982, Gene, 19:259-268). Suitable hosts are, in particular, those E. coli strains which are restriction- and recombination-defective, such as, for example, the strain DH5αmcr, which has been described by Grant et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 87 (1990) 4645-4649) . The long DNA fragments cloned with the aid of cosmids or other λ vectors can then in turn be subcloned and subsequently sequenced in the usual vectors which are suitable for DNA sequencing, such as is described e. g. by Sanger et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 74:5463-5467, 1977) . The resulting DNA sequences can then be investigated with known algorithms or sequence analysis programs, such as e.g. that of Staden (Nucleic Acids Research 14, 217- 232(1986)), that of Marck (Nucleic Acids Research 16, 1829- 1836 (1988)) or the GCG program of Butler (Methods of Biochemical Analysis 39, 74-97 (1998)). The new DNA sequence of C. glutamicum which codes for the dep34 gene and which, as SEQ ID No. 1, is a constituent of the present invention has been found. The amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein has furthermore been derived from the present DNA sequence by the methods described above. The resulting amino acid sequence of the dep34 gene product is shown in SEQ ID No. 2. Coding DNA sequences which result from SEQ ID No. 1 by the degeneracy of the genetic code are also a constituent of the invention. In the same way, DNA sequences which hybridize with SEQ ID No. 1 or parts of SEQ ID No. 1 are a constituent of the invention. Conservative amino acid exchanges, such as e.g. exchange of glycine for alanine or of aspartic acid for glutamic acid in proteins, are furthermore known among experts as "sense mutations" which do not lead to a fundamental change in the activity of the protein, i.e. are of neutral function. It is furthermore known that changes on the N and/or C terminus of a protein cannot substantially impair or can even stabilize the function thereof. Information in this context can be found by the expert, inter alia, in Ben-Bassat et al . (Journal of Bacteriology 169:751-757 (1987)), in O'Regan et al. (Gene 77:237-251 (1989)), in Sahin-Toth et al. (Protein Sciences 3:240-247 (1994)), in Hochuli et al . (Bio/Technology 6:1321-1325 (1988)) and in known textbooks of genetics and molecular biology. Amino acid sequences which result in a corresponding manner from SEQ ID No. 2 are also a constituent of the invention. In the same way, DNA sequences which hybridize with SEQ ID No. 1 or parts of SEQ ID No. 1 are a constituent of the invention. Finally, DNA sequences which are prepared by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers which result from SEQ ID No. 1 are a constituent of the invention. Such oligonucleotides typically have a length of at least 15 nucleotides . Instructions for identifying DNA sequences by means of hybridization can be found by the expert, inter alia, in the handbook "The DIG System Users Guide for Filter Hybridization" from Boehringer Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, Germany, 1993) and in Liebl et al. (International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 41: 255-260 (1991)). The hybridization takes place under stringent conditions, that is to say only hybrids in which the probe and target sequence, i. e. the polynucleotides treated with the probe, are at least 70% identical are formed. It is known that the stringency of the hybridization, including the washing steps, is influenced or determined by varying the buffer composition, the temperature and the salt concentration. The hybridization reaction is preferably carried out under a relatively low stringency compared with the washing steps (Hybaid Hybridisation Guide, Hybaid Limited, Teddington, UK, 1996) . A 5x SSC buffer at a temperature of approx. 50°C - 68°C, for example, can be employed for the hybridization reaction. Probes can also hybridize here with polynucleotides which are less than 70% identical to the co > > o o. o O riboso e binding sites, the start codon and terminators. The expert can find information on this e.g. in the patent application WO 96/15246, in Boyd and Murphy (Journal of Bacteriology 170: 5949 (1988)), in Voskuil and Chambliss (Nucleic Acids Research 26: 3548 (1998), in Jensen and Hammer (Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58: 191 (1998)), in Patek et al. (Microbiology 142: 1297 (1996)), Vasicova et al. (Journal of Bacteriology 181: 6188 (1999)) and in known textbooks of genetics and molecular biology, such as e.g. the textbook by Knippers ("Molekulare Genetik [Molecular Genetics]", 6th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1995) or that by Winnacker ("Gene und Klone [Genes and Clones]", VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1990) . Mutations which lead to a change or reduction in the catalytic properties of enzyme proteins are known from the prior art; examples which may be mentioned are the works by Qiu and Goodman (Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 8611- 8617 (1997)), Sugimoto et al. (Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 61: 1760-1762 (1997)) and Mδckel ("Die Threonindehydratase aus Corynebacterium glutamicum: Aufhebung der allosterischen Regulation und Struktur des Enzyms [Threonine dehydratase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: Canceling the allosteric regulation and structure of the enzyme]", Reports from the Jϋlich Research Center, Jul-2906, ISSN09442952, Jϋlich, Germany, 1994) . Summarizing descriptions can be found in known textbooks of genetics and molecular biology, such as e.g. that by Hagemann ("Allgemeine Genetik [General Genetics]", Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1986) . Possible mutations are transitions, transversions, insertions and deletions. Depending on the effect of the amino acid exchange on the enzyme activity, "missense mutations" or "nonsense mutations" are referred to. Insertions or deletions of at least one base pair (bp) in a gene lead to frame shift mutations, as a consequence of which incorrect amino acids are incorporated or translation is interrupted prematurely. Deletions of several codons typically lead to a complete loss of the enzyme activity. Instructions on generation of such mutations are prior art and can be found in known textbooks of genetics and molecular biology, such as e.g. the textbook by Knippers ("Molekulare Genetik [Molecular Genetics]", 6th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1995) , that by Winnacker ("Gene und Klone [Genes and Clones]", VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1990) or that by Hagemann ("Allgemeine Genetik [General Genetics]", Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1986) . A common method of mutating genes of C. glutamicum is the method of "gene disruption" and "gene replacement" described by Schwarzer and Pϋhler (Bio/Technology 9, 84-87 (1991) ) . In the method of gene disruption a central part of the coding region of the gene of interest is cloned in a plasmid vector which can replicate in a host (typically E. coli) , but not in C. glutamicum. Possible vectors are, for example, pSUP301 (Simon et al., Bio/Technology 1, 784-791 (1983)), pKlδmob or pK19mob (Schafer et al., Gene 145, 69- 73 (1994)), pK18mobsacB or pKl9mobsacB (Jager et al., Journal of Bacteriology 174: 5462-65 (1992)), pGEM-T (Promega corporation, Madison, WI, USA), pCR2.1-TOPO (Shuman (1994). Journal of Biological Chemistry 269:32678- 84; US Patent 5,487,993), ρCR®Blunt (Invitrogen, Groningen, Holland; Bernard et al., Journal of Molecular Biology, 234: 534-541 (1993)) or pEMl (Schrumpf et al, 1991, Journal of Bacteriology 173:4510-4516). The plasmid vector which contains the central part of the coding region of the gene is then transferred into the desired strain of C. glutamicum by conjugation or transformation. The method of conjugation is described, for example, by Schafer et al . (Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 756-759 (1994)). Methods for transformation are described, for example, by Thierbach et al. (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 29, 356-362 (1988)), Dunican and Shivnan (Bio/Technology 7, 1067-1070 (1989)) and Tauch et al . (FEMS Microbiological Letters 123, 343-347 (1994)). After homologous recombination by means of a "cross-over" event, the coding region of the gene in question is interrupted by the vector sequence and two incomplete alleles are obtained, one lacking the 3' end and one lacking the 5' end. This method has been used, for example, by Fitzpatrick et al. (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, 575-580 (1994) ) to eliminate the recA gene of C. glutamicum. In the method of "gene replacement", a mutation, such as e.g. a deletion, insertion or base exchange, is established in vitro in the gene of interest. The allele prepared is in turn cloned in a vector which is not replicative for C. glutamicum and this is then transferred into the desired host of C. glutamicum by transformation or conjugation. After homologous recombination by means of a first "crossover" event which effects integration and a suitable second "cross-over" event which effects excision in the target gene or in the target sequence, the incorporation of the mutation or of the allele is achieved. This method was used, for example, by Peters-Wendisch et al. (Microbiology 144, 915 - 927 (1998)) to eliminate the pyc gene of C. glutamicum by a deletion. A deletion, insertion or a base exchange can be incorporated into the dep34 gene in this manner. In addition, it may be advantageous for the production of L-amino acids to enhance, in particular over-express, one or more enzymes of the particular biosynthesis pathway, of glycolysis, of anaplerosis, of the citric acid cycle, of the pentose phosphate cycle, of amino acid export and optionally regulatory proteins, in addition to the attenuation of the dep34 gene. The term "enhancement" in this connection describes the increase in the intracellular activity of one or more enzymes (proteins) in a microorganism which are coded by the corresponding DNA, for example by increasing the number of copies of the gene or genes, using a potent promoter or using a gene or allele which codes for a corresponding enzyme (protein) having a high activity, and optionally combining these measures. By enhancement measures, in particular over-expression, the activity or concentration of the corresponding protein is in general increased by at least 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400% or 500%, up to a maximum of 1000% or 2000%, based on that of the wild-type protein or the activity or concentration of the protein in the starting microorganism. Thus, for the preparation of L-amino acids, in addition to attenuation of the dep34 gene, at the same time one or more of the genes chosen from the group consisting of • the dapA gene which codes for dihydrodipicolinate synthase (EP-B 0 197 335), • the gap gene which codes for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Eikmanns (1992), Journal of Bacteriology 174:6076-6086), • the tpi gene which codes for triose phosphate isomerase (Eikmanns (1992), Journal of Bacteriology 174:6076-6086), • the pgk gene which codes for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (Eikmanns (1992), Journal of Bacteriology 174:6076-6086), • the zwf gene which codes for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (JP-A-09224661) , • the pyc gene which codes for pyruvate carboxylase (DE-A- 198 31 609) , • the mqo gene which codes for alate-quinone oxidoreductase (Molenaar et al., European Journal of Biochemistry 254, 395-403 (1998)), • the lysC gene which codes for a feed-back resistant aspartate kinase (Accession No.P26512; EP-B-0387527; EP- A-0699759; WO 00/63388), • the lysE gene which codes for lysine export (DE-A-195 48 222) , • the horn gene which codes for homoserine dehydrogenase (EP-A 0131171) , • the ilvA gene which codes for threonine dehydratase (Mockel et al., Journal of Bacteriology (1992) 8065- 8072)) or the ilvA(Fbr) allele which codes for a "feed back resistant" threonine dehydratase (Mockel et al., (1994) Molecular Microbiology 13: 833-842), • the ilvBN gene which codes for acetohydroxy-acid synthase (EP-B 0356739), • the ilvD gene which codes for dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (Sahm and Eggeling (1999) Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 1973-1979), • the zwal gene which codes for the Zwal protein (DE: 19959328.0, DSM 13115) can be enhanced, in particular over-expressed. It may furthermore be advantageous for the production of amino acids, in addition to attenuation of the dep34 gene, at the same time for one or more of the genes chosen from the group consisting of • the pck gene which codes for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (DE 199 50 409.1, DSM 13047), • the pgi gene which codes for glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (US 09/396,478, DSM 12969), • the poxB gene which codes for pyruvate oxidase (DE:1995 1975.7, DSM 13114), • the zwa2 gene which codes for the Zwa2 protein (DE: 19959327.2, DSM 13113) to be attenuated, in particular for the expression thereof to be reduced. In addition to the attenuation of the dep34 gene it may furthermore be advantageous for the production of amino acids to eliminate undesirable side reactions (Nakayama: "Breeding of Amino Acid Producing Microorganisms", in: Overproduction of Microbial Products, Krumphanzl, Sikyta, Vanek (eds.), Academic Press, London, UK, 1982). The invention also provides the microorganisms prepared according to the invention, and these can be cultured continuously or discontinuously in the batch process (batch culture) or in the fed batch (feed process) or repeated fed batch process (repetitive feed process) for the purpose of production of L-amino acids. A summary of known culture methods is described in the textbook by Chmiel (Bioprozesstechnik 1. Einfϋhrung in die Bioverfahrenstechnik [Bioprocess Technology 1. Introduction to Bioprocess Technology (Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1991)) or in the textbook by Storhas (Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen [Bioreactors and Peripheral Equipment] (Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1994)). The culture medium to be used must meet the requirements of the particular strains in a suitable manner. Descriptions of culture media for various microorganisms are contained O r r h^ o cπ o cπ o CJi CD tr TO ft 3 to Φ cQ CO 3 r-3 Ω TJ cr β Xi CO h^ ! < O μ- β o 0J Hi o o h- 1 CO ^ ^ TO μ- β >< 0 ) β tr Φ β 3 hj β Φ tr O μ- tr Φ ω tr β μ- φ H β CO H h^ o μ- μ- DJ β 3 DJ β Ω Q. to H Φ μ- J O r+ Φ β i o φ o Ω X! 0J cQ P- φ cQ Ω H h- 1 Ω KQ 0J Ω tr i μ- μ- μ- rt I-" £ Hi Di ft o CD β P. CO tr β CO 0J μ- 0 ) O "« * CO rt OJ O rt rt o Ω β o β 0 ) O rt DJ Ω DJ rt Xi CO i O ft β <! β tr φ O hi tr Φ tr OJ x cQ β 3 cr >< tr rt CD β μ- 0 ) tr Φ 0J tr 0J hi μ- μ- OJ μ- o IX cQ DJ O to μ- hj Φ CO μ- Ω h- 1 Φ Φ β O O P. O DJ CO * * φ Ω P. CO Ω fl> H β Φ β μ- o rt rt Φ P. CO « * rt μ- O hj rt IX β CD 3 O 0 ) cQ O tr X ) φ 3 tr β r-3 β CD β β μ- μ- μ- rt Φ 0 ) CO rt β 0 ) rt OJ Xi β β rt h-' OJ tr • Xi Φ hi tr i μ- cr -t β j cQ β Ω β tr g O hi μ- h^ tr Ω h^ β Hi Hi P. o O β 0 o Φ Φ hi β CO tr Ω Φ 3 α φ 3 •< 0 ) rt h- 1 φ μ- CO Φ fl ) hi β cQ to OJ β Ω Φ rt μ- y CO 0J μ- 0J o 0J Ω H •<: β *» β rt β Ω cr Xi a β β μ- to Ω 01 OJ Ω 3 DJ tr Ω <l CO g β rt O CO CO Ω β to Ω OJ α 3 o tr 3, Q. β rt β β tr OJ φ h- 1 • μ- μ- o § μ- σ cQ o o ^ tr Xi rt * * rt hi • o 0 O CO rt 0 ) hi Ω o ft P. β 0 β Φ Φ hi β OJ O cr o o ?r hi β " * β rt H O μ- Φ oi * μ- to H * * β hi β 3 OJ 3 β H CO 0 ) h- 1 O CO CO o Hi μ- μ- hj tr rt o rt CO hi β 0 0 ) Ω μ- β φ 1 OJ Ω β CO 3 μ- β Φ tr 3 Ω OJ CO Φ Φ μ- hi μ- * * φ Hi 3 Ω iQ Xi Φ β CO OJ Ω CO Φ Ω * * μ- H Ω « >< rt s β β CO O O OJ Φ O h^ 3 β Hi rt O tr rt β * P- G t 1 OJ Oi o Ω μ- Hi cQ β CO β hi 3 β β rt << 0 M β 0J o Hi μ- fl ) 3 H CO Φ β Ω hj tr β o Ω β Φ β 0 ) Hi Ω Hi o Φ rt Hi 0 ) O Ω β fl ) OJ 0 ) β μ- hi CO 0J rt Ω Ω Φ CO σ X) CO o OJ 0 ) β 0J 3 to hi CO h^ rt ^ to fl ) P, Oi OJ 0i 3 β β O β- Φ IX rt φ tr to hj β hi ft hi rt μ- μ- Ω 0J "» rt Φ 3 X! O σ CO DJ o μ- μ- σ Φ S β IX 0 ) Φ Ω Ω O CD Φ o β to o CD 3 rt DJ CO 3 Hi β CO β OJ rt o ^ 01 0J μ- rt hj Hi IX μ- O Hi CO ^ CD hj o hi Φ CO β Hi rt o tr CO 0 ) Xi β CO X5 3 CQ H β β Ω β β er O Oi P. Ω O Φ OO μ- Hi O o μ- D ) hj Φ hj ^ H φ tr O 0J 0J P. rt cQ hi o H 3 O H * * CO Ω to β rt OJ β Φ 0 ) • Φ rt P. OJ α 01 cQ rt ϋ • ^ Φ β X. β β — ' DJ s β CO μ- OJ Ω O 0i 3 tr rt μ- Φ Φ g β Ω . • Φ !- ■ CO β Φ 3 Ω β φ β cr CO Φ ! cr μ- Hi Φ 0 ) Φ tr 3 β o H 3 O X Φ rt rt X o tr rt Hi OJ 3 μ- CD Φ o β O 3 hj CO *< μ- . β φ 0 ) 3 OJ ^ φ 0 ) o tr β j3 Φ β hi < O hi 0J 3 O Q. X β μ- DJ h- < J HI 3 OJ Hi 3 OJ OJ o o hi 3 tr iQ 3 Φ cQ o rt hi hj rt r-3 o. β ^ rt o tr Xi cQ hi 0J Xi ω to Ω μ- o ^ 3 φ er 1 0i cQ β hi tr O β tr 3 β Φ h-' μ- ft CO μ- CO Ω β OJ φ β Φ 3 Ω hj Φ Φ φ rt cQ H φ 0J o Φ β CO Φ •< Ω ^ φ φ Φ Φ μ- H β rt φ μ- O co tr Φ Φ H Ω hj IX φ Ω ^ CO • rt Hi OJ DJ 0 β cr μ- DJ β ■ . μ- Ω co φ β • CO § tr rt CO Φ 0J Hi X! • o Ω ^ IX φ 0J o P. rt CO rt β o O o o h^ μ- i-s CO OJ hi Ω fl! CD > hi μ- μ- hi ft β α μ- tr 3 3 β 0 Xi β β o β Di β Ω O μ- rt O CO Hi α o p. • Ω φ Φ O 0 ) • Xi hj o tr H μ- hj o Ω CO cr Φ I- 1 rt > rt cQ o Q hj ^ Φ tr * * P. α β β CD hi Ω H O Ω β μ- hj rt β CO ft "< DJ 0 ) h- hj Φ Φ Q. ^ β μ- Φ hi CO Φ 3 KQ Ω rt μ- 01 OJ hi β β Ω DJ Ω rt μ- CD φ Xi CO φ 01 tr Di Ω β β OJ O Ω Ω TO Φ 0 ) Ω X) o 0 ) O β Hi Φ O CO tr β β Ω β P. Ω μ- tr O OJ H β μ- o H β CO μ- OJ 01 Hi X. 0 ) o μ- μ- O OJ Ω OJ μ- H CO Ω fl ) ft rt β rt rt to o rt Hi rt 0i Ω hi CO Φ Ω Φ OJ Φ rt (-> cr 01 Ω cr tr cr OJ Φ 01 X) β φ hi a β CD μ- ft μ- to β Φ φ Ω CO OJ φ φ CO 3 • : tr β 0J 3 Ω Xi α tr β CO P- hi O CO β rt μ- • * o ft o μ- 0 μ- rt O O CQ Φ Ω * * DJ o β CO μ- Φ μ- 0 ) Ω 0J β hi CO CO β H rt Φ β 3 rt xs 0J β CO β Ω β o Xi β cr β β to Φ Xi Q hi μ- X5 Φ rt β Ω o Φ β Hi φ Ω h- 1 Xi o 3 Φ h^ Ω CO μ- o tr O β O Φ O 0J μ- Ω h- 1 H o h-> β Φ rt Φ CO H Hi o CO cQ Ω 3 β Xi β cr β • Ω tr o O cQ o β Hi β CD Ω φ o hi o Φ 0J β Φ φ β CO << >< Φ H DJ β β β p. β β CO σ 0 ) 0J φ Φ Φ O rt Φ β rt CO μ- a * * β Φ β Ω CO H o -» P. O μ- • β Ω cr CQ μ- CO μ- cr OJ 3 0 ) Φ φ φ β Φ 1 β P. ^ in a suitable manner to control the pH of the culture. Antifoams, such as, for example, fatty acid polyglycol esters, can be employed to control the development of foam. Suitable substances having a selective action, such as, for example, antibiotics, can be added to the medium to maintain the stability of plasmids. To maintain aerobic conditions, oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures, such as, for example, air, are introduced into the culture. The temperature of the culture is usually 20°C to 45°C, and preferably 25°C to 40°C. Culturing is continued until a maximum of the desired product has formed. This target is usually reached within 10 hours to 160 hours. Methods for the determination of L-amino acids are known from the prior art. The analysis can thus be carried out, for example, as described by Spackman et al. (Analytical Chemistry, 30, (1958), 1190) by anion exchange chromatography with subsequent ninhydrin derivation, or it can be carried out by reversed phase HPLC, for example as described by Lindroth et al. (Analytical Chemistry (1979) 51: 1167-1174) . The process according to the invention is used for fermentative preparation of amino acids. The following microorganism was deposited on 05.03.2001 as a pure culture at the Deutsche Sammlung fur Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ = German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany) in accordance with the Budapest Treaty: • Escherichia coli topl0/pCR2. Idep34int as DSM 14144. The present invention is explained in more detail in the following with the aid of embodiment examples. The isolation of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli and all techniques of restriction, Klenow and alkaline phosphatase treatment were carried out by the method of Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA) . Methods for transformation of Escherichia coli are also described in this handbook. The composition of the usual nutrient media, such as LB or TY medium, can also be found in the handbook by Sambrook et al. Example 1 Preparation of a genomic cosmid gene library from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Chromosomal DNA from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was isolated as described by Tauch et al. (1995, Plasmid 33:168-179) and partly cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sau3AI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description Sau3AI, Code no. 27-0913-02) . The DNA fragments were dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany, Product Description SAP, Code no. 1758250) . The DNA of the cosmid vector SuperCosl (Wahl et al. (1987), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 84:2160-2164), obtained from Stratagene (La Jolla, USA, Product Description SuperCosl Cosmid Vector Kit, Code no. 251301) was cleaved with the restriction enzyme Xbal (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description Xbal, Code no. 27- 0948-02) and likewise dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase. The cosmid DNA was then cleaved with the restriction enzyme BamHI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, Code no. 27-0868-04) . The cosmid DNA treated in this manner was mixed with the treated ATCC13032 DNA and the batch was treated with T4 DNA ligase (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description T4-DNA- Ligase, Code no.27-0870-04) . The ligation mixture was then packed in phages with the aid of Gigapack II XL Packing Extract (Stratagene, La Jolla, USA, Product Description Gigapack II XL Packing Extract, Code no. 200217) . For infection of the E. coli strain NM554 (Raleigh et al. 1988, Nucleic Acid Res. 16:1563-1575) the cells were taken up in 10 mM MgS0 4 and mixed with an aliquot of the phage suspension. The infection and titering of the cosmid library were carried out as described by Sambrook et al. (1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor) , the cells being plated out on LB agar (Lennox, 1955, Virology, 1:190) + 100 μg/ l ampicillin. After incubation overnight at 37°C, recombinant individual clones were selected. Example 2 Isolation and sequencing of the dep34 gene The cosmid DNA of an individual colony was isolated with the Qiaprep Spin Miniprep. Kit (Product No. 27106, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and partly cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sau3AI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description Sau3AI, Product No. 27-0913-02) . The DNA fragments were dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany, Product Description SAP, Product No. 1758250) . After separation by gel electrophoresis, the cosmid fragments in the size range of 1500 to 2000 bp were isolated with the QiaExII Gel Extraction Kit (Product No. 20021, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) . The DNA of the sequencing vector pZero-1, obtained from Invitrogen (Groningen, The Netherlands, Product Description Zero Background Cloning Kit, Product No. K2500-01) was cleaved with the restriction enzyme BamHI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, O CO ro ) cπ o cπ o Cπ o Cπ a ≤; 73 £ m Xi h-> rt m .. fl ) Q iH3 t i rt lO Ω ^ fl ) CO TJ Φ TO cr tr 1 fl! Hi TJ β μ- φ μ- tr N tr tr s TJ β Φ Xi tr μ- • tr μ- 0 ) tr Q -J H r ) h- 1 μ- φ 0 ) CO H hi Ω rt CO rt φ Φ Φ Φ φ TO hi 3 P. h Xi Φ g O CO Φ 0 ) hi Φ DJ • • O O Φ o μ- σ fl! O I- 1 tr φ tr H f μ- H O 2- 1 3 3 • -J cQ hj hj 4-- Ω a rt β o cQ P- Φ fl ) Ω O μ 1 CΛ hj rt 0 fl) fl ) μ- 3 φ -J Φ μ- X) cn Φ CO rt Φ Ώ H Φ 3 β μ- rt hj rt 0 rt OJ φ TJ β rt β β Φ 73 hi • » μ- β Φ h- 1 -— - 4-- Φ 4-- H Ω 0 ) to Φ Ω Ω tr Ω β * 3 1 s: hi hj Ω μ- 0 ) ^ Q. 73 3 ^ p. ^ P. OJ tr 1 Cπ P. co O tr μ- rt Ω β rt φ tr φ Xi to α CO μ- rt Xi fl ) TJ Φ to Φ 1 μ- 1 Xi ^ β O hj rt > β Φ CO Φ CO ft α tr *< TO β -J hi o t O 3 β 4-- β ~ O Ω hi μ- CQ a Ω 3 X rt hj β φ OJ 3 a 0 CQ s: μ- 73 β Ji- O X μ- β μ- β cn cQ — hi ^3 β ■ r O μ- TO a Φ μ- X. P. O hi μ- OJ o tr • • Ω "< ft P. O 4-- CO OJ hi cr Φ μ- • t→ 4-- H hj <! Xi β ft O • φ co CO CD o φ cπ φ Q. CD μ- rt Φ fl> S α β O > • • TJ 1 0 ) <! hj φ -J CO ^ rt d-- φ Ω φ , Xi •^ O β Φ μ- rt OJ ) CO tv> 0 ) rt Φ O β -J > μ- 0 β to Q ) cn tr β μ- hi . Hi rt P. cr Φ β cr rt -J to 3 Xi CO μ- H cQ Ω Q 3 co Hi O ft 3 0i O μ- 0 ) ^ rt Φ o β β ^ tr 1 Φ -J hj CO O hj Φ φ h φ φ μ- 1 β μ- β' Xi KΩ IT 1 ft Λ hi OJ φ O CO CO 1 o μ- φ μ- OJ H CO 4-- a rt P. 3 β • Cπ cQ β o DJ Cπ Φ tr rt m cQ O CO CO φ φ r cQ co CO o 3 P. 3 φ - Tl tr • CO 4i- O φ rt hi cπ rt Φ tr OJ • 0 ) CO cn Al DJ O hi rt β DJ 0 ) X! φ ι-3 . ^ cn rt hi tr 0 ) ^ rt Φ Φ φ CO H hi fl ) φ ≤: X5 rt β β * » 3 . — . φ h- 1 -J O Φ 3 φ r+ Φ a Ω n hi n er X! 1 Ω Ω 3 Φ O 0 ) *< φ Ω CO tr TJ £. KΩ Hi hi DJ μ- < H ø j M tr Φ β o hi β o tr tr H Ω — ' β 73 hi Φ φ hi 3 KΩ 3 β TO O μ- CO rt • H μ- h- 1 o Φ 4-- . — . a Φ 1 t O • Ω O •< X! O μ- O s, rt μ- ' μ- β hj ^ μ- φ 3 cQ 0 β — X5 ^ CO o σ cr φ rt β CO P. β μ- r β o o o Ω rt OJ tr r Ω • N> H β rt P- OJ cQ rt hi tr fl ) Φ φ β 0 ) rt Φ 0 ) . hj O h^ h- 1 β O β rt to μ- CJ1 o hj fl ) μ- co Φ DJ •«« 3 β X5 Ω rt a tr rt O Hi o ) OJ DJ 'S X Φ β r-3 .. cQ rt β CO 3 μ- μ- Ω fl ) rt o a μ- h3 cr cQ co μ- }-• s: hi rt cQ tr CO hj tr Φ cQ φ tr ,— β hj 7 P. μ- hj j Ω 3 DJ O tr o ft *< • • μ- μ- φ CO fl ) φ β 3 Φ Φ O 0 ) φ β OJ a }-• o rt β Φ rt tr ^ CO CQ rt *<« β 0 ) <! CO 3 hi hj σ KΩ P. 3 hi \ iQ rt o o φ P. μ- Φ 0 rt ( H tr cQ φ CD 3 φ μ- CO (- ■ ro μ- • ■ μ- μ- 0 3 CO CD O DJ H Ω tr • Ω μ- 1 fl ) h-> cQ φ β cn ■t, TJ CO μ- hj o Ω Ω Hi β φ φ cn hi .. 1 P- 0 ) KΩ μ- m tc ft ιQ CO - ^ -~ β CD μ- α φ M hi CQ Φ β 4-- μ- DJ rt X! o Φ -J Φ μ- 4-- co 0 ) O OJ 4-- OJ 00 o μ- H β fl ) 0 ) O φ Ω tr β o Ω CD — 3 β hi hj rt o h- 1 cn β rt <l a Φ > tr Ω Ω cr O Ω OJ o Φ O O >< h- 1 h- 1 er O μ- > rt > O μ- Xi Φ H rt ■ : O CO μ- rt β .—, - — OJ σ ^ μ- μ- o CO X5 — co o CO Di P. Ω rt Xi *% ^ μ- 4-- φ P. μ- Ω Ω TJ Q" M iQ cQ hi CD -SI β Ω φ a β o tc β 0 ) β tr I- 1 o cQ J-- X. o o 0J o μ- hj μ- S P. Hi cn s DJ fl ) •» φ fl! tr O Oi 0 ) Φ φ μ- Q 0J β Φ ^ β β P. Hi β O β μ- s CO rt to "* hj o iQ β Ω Ω μ- β Φ Φ 3 I- 1 φ TJ CO Φ cQ fl ) rt Xi CO H 3 μ- Φ s O Hi OJ s; O Ω hj μ- S SI β φ 3 CO β β tr -• Ω Ω S o ft o 1 μ- φ φ O β CO Xi 3 α Φ Φ φ Ω to fl ) μ- 0 ) s: Ω rt 01 μ- hj μ- β tr rt β φ hj μ- φ rt φ hi TO fl ) Φ hi μ- μ- φ Ω Φ β OJ rt Cπ rt φ Ω TJ Φ Φ tr CO ft Φ Ω O μ- X! Ω O μ- β 3 Φ Φ rt β OJ Ω CO cQ CO Ω o Φ β , ^ hi β β μ- Ω O 3 tr Ω € φ rt •< Ω Φ X) hj O Φ a I- 1 Ω Ω O μ- 0 ) a β 0 ) fl ) Ω ■ β Φ Q. Φ CO Q Ω rt hj Ω hi o hi Ω O 0 τ= Φ hi cr IX hj a h- 1 CO 0 rt h- 1 fl ) a φ O β CO CD ^ Φ 0 ) hj CO « tr Hi OJ • β cQ 0 CQ 0 ) μ- rt fl ) tr • hj μ- hj CO -• β Ω to 3 > o ≤ hj O rt μ- μ- Φ hj φ \ β β o β 0 H Ω CO Φ hj φ CO Φ 73 φ rt μ- hi X5 0 ) rt β CO rt H O CO co Co φ Φ r+ μ- tr 3 rt rt h- 1 H Ω Q. 3 h^ cQ 3 0 ) 3 μ- Ω μ- o h^ α . Φ μ- μ- O μ- β Φ X. Ω O 3 tr tx. φ 0 rt 00 μ- φ o ■ 0 0J ς h- 1 hj o P. KΩ P. hj O O φ β CO CD Hi .. ft φ h- 1 α r 0J N β i-H €, rt o μ- β CD φ β Hi fl! CO rt • • φ hi 0 β • o CO Φ . KΩ φ fl ) β β φ 1 -J O Xi rt H μ- •^ tr O CO o o Ω O o o f KΩ rt CO hi μ- P. β 0 ) μ- rt Ω β φ — β μ- r 3 cn Φ β ^ Ω TO O rt Φ β rt H cQ tr t cQ rt co CO ft μ- "^ Φ rt iQ 0 φ φ TJ β H tr β P. μ- t?3 to Φ rt β β redundant databank of the "National Center for Biotechnology Information" (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA) . The resulting nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 1. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed an open reading frame of 1650 bp, which was called the dep34 gene. The dep34 gene codes for a polypeptide of 549 amino acids. Example 3 Preparation of an integration vector for integration mutagenesis of the dep34 gene From the strain ATCC 13032, chromosomal DNA was isolated by the method of Eikmanns et al. (Microbiology 140: 1817 - 1828 ' (1994)). On the basis of the sequence of the dep34 gene known for C. glutamicum from example 2, the following oligonucleotides were chosen for the polymerase chain reaction (see SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4) : dep34-intl: 5 CTG TGC TGC TGA AAC TTC C 3 dep34-int2: 5 AGT CCA ATG AGA GCC AAG C 3 V The primers shown were synthesized by MWG Biotech (Ebersberg, Germany) and the PCR reaction was carried out by the standard PCR method of Innis et al. (PCR protocols. A guide to methods and applications, 1990, Academic Press) with the Taq-polymerase from Boehringer Mannheim (Germany, Product Description Taq DNA polymerase, Product No. 1 146 165) . With the aid of the polymerase chain reaction, the primers allow amplification of an internal fragment of the dep34 gene 541 bp in size. The product amplified in this way was tested electrophoretically in a 0.8% agarose gel. The amplified DNA fragment was ligated with the TOPO TA Cloning Kit from Invitrogen Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA; Catalogue Number K4500-01) in the vector pCR2.1-T0P0 (Mead at al. (1991) Bio/Technology 9:657-663). The E. coli strain TOP10 was then electroporated with the ligation batch (Hanahan, In: DNA cloning. A practical approach. Vol. I. IRL-Press, Oxford, Washington DC, USA, 1985) . Selection of plasmid-carrying cells was carried out by plating out the transformation batch on LB Agar (Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989), which had been supplemented with 50 mg/1 kanamycin. Plasmid DNA was isolated 'from a transformant with the aid of the QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit from Qiagen and checked by restriction with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and subsequent agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). The plasmid was called pCR2. Idep34int and is shown in figure 1. Example 4 Integration mutagenesis of the dep34 gene in the strain DSM 5715 The vector pCR2. Idep34int mentioned in example 3 was electroporated by the electroporation method of Tauch et al. (FEMS Microbiological Letters, 123:343-347 (1994)) in Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 5715. The strain DSM 5715 is an AEC-resistant lysine producer. The vector pCR2. Idep34int cannot replicate independently in DSM5715 and is retained in the cell only if it has integrated into the chromosome of DSM 5715. Selection of clones with pCR2. Idep34int integrated into the chromosome was carried out by plating out the electroporation batch on LB agar (Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), which had been supplemented with 15 mg/1 kanamycin. For detection of the integration, the dep34int fragment was labelled with the Dig hybridization kit from Boehringer by the method of "The DIG System Users Guide for Filter Hybridization" of Boehringer Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, Germany, 1993) . Chromosomal DNA of a potential integrant was isolated by the method of Eikmanns et al . (Microbiology 140: 1817 - 1828 (1994)) and in each case cleaved with the restriction enzymes Kpnl, EcoRI and Pstl. The fragments formed were separated by means of agarose gel electrophoresis and hybridized at 68°C with the Dig hybridization kit from Boehringer. The plasmid pCR2. Idep34int mentioned in example 3 had been inserted into the chromosome of DSM5715 within the chromosomal dep34 gene. The strain was called DSM5715 : :pCR2. Idep34int . Example 5 Preparation of lysine The C. glutamicum strain DSM5715: :ρCR2. Idep34int obtained in example 4 was cultured in a nutrient medium suitable for the production of lysine and the lysine content in the culture supernatant was determined. For this, the strain was first incubated on an agar plate with the corresponding antibiotic (brain-heart agar with kanamycin (25 mg/1) ) for 24 hours at 33°C. Starting from this agar plate culture, a preculture was seeded (10 ml medium in a 100 ml conical flask) . The complete medium Cglll was used as the medium for the preculture. Medium Cg III NaCl 2.5 g/1 Bacto-Peptone 10 g/1 Bacto-Yeast extract 10 g/1 Glucose (autoclaved separately) 2% (w/v) The pH was brought to pH 7.4 Kanamycin (25 mg/1) was added to this. The preculture was incubated for 16 hours at 33°C at 240 rpm on a shaking machine. A main culture was seeded from this preculture such that the initial OD (660 nm) of the main culture was 0.1 OD. Medium MM was used for the main culture. Medium MM CSL (corn steep liquor) 5 g/1 MOPS (morpholinopropanesulfonic 20 g/1 acid) Glucose (autoclaved separately) 50g/l Salts: (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 25 g/1 KH 2 P0 4 0.1 g/1 MgS0 4 * 7 H 2 0 1.0 g/1 CaCl 2 * 2 H 2 0 10 mg/1 FeS0 4 * 7 H 2 0 10 mg/1 MnS0 4 * H 2 0 5.0 mg/1 Biotin (sterile-filtered) 0.3 mg/1 Thiamine * HC1 (sterile-filtered) 0.2 mg/1 Leucine (sterile-filtered) 0.1 g/1 CaC0 3 25 g/1 The CSL, MOPS and the salt solution are brought to pH 7 with aqueous ammonia and autoclaved. The sterile substrate and vitamin solutions are then added, and the CaC0 3 autoclaved in the dry state is added. Culturing is carried out in a 10 ml volume in a 100 ml conical flask with baffles. Kanamycin (25 mg/1) was added. Culturing was carried out at 33°C and 80% atmospheric humidity. After 72 hours, the OD was determined at a measurement wavelength of 660 nm with a Biomek 1000 (Beckmann Instruments GmbH, Munich) . The amount of lysine formed was determined with an amino acid analyzer from Eppendorf- BioTronik (Hamburg, Germany) by ion exchange chromatography and post-column derivation with ninhydrin detection. The result of the experiment is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Brief Description of the Figure: Figure 1: Map of the plasmid pCR2. Idep34int . The abbreviations and designations used have the following meaning. KmR: Kanamycin resistance gene Kpnl Cleavage site of the restriction enzyme Kpnl EcoRI: Cleavage site of the restriction enzyme EcoRI Pstl: Cleavage site of the restriction enzyme Pstl dep34int: Internal fragment of the dep34 gene ColEl: Replication origin of the plasmid ColEl BUDAPEST TREATY ON THE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF THE DEPOSIT OF MICROORGANISMS FOR THE PURPOSES OF PATENT PROCEDURE INTERNATIONAL FORM Deguss AG Kants r. 2 33790 Halle-Kύnsebeck RECEIPT IN THE CASE OF AN ORIGINAL DEPOSIT issued pursuant to Rule 7.1 by the INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY identified at the bottom of this page I. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MICROORGANISM Identification reference given by the DEPOSITOR: Accession number given by the INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY: Top 10/pCR2 . 1dep3 int DSM 14144 II. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION AND/OR PROPOSED TAXONOMIC DESIGNATION The microorganism identified under I. above was accompanied by: (X ) a scientific description (X ) a proposed taxonomie designation (Mark with a cross where applicable). in. RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE This International Depositary Authority accepts the microorganism identified under I. above, which was received by it on 20 01 - 03 - 05 (Date of the original deposit) 1 . IV. RECEIPT OF REQUEST FOR CONVERSION The microorganism identified under I above was received by this International Depositary Authority on ( date of original deposit) and a request to convert the original deposit to a deposit under the Budapest Treaty was received by it on (date of receipt of request for conversion). V. INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY Name: DSMZ-DEUTSCHE SAMMLUNG VON Signature(s) of person(s) having the power to represent the MIKROORGANISMEN UND ZELLKULTUREN GmbH International Depositary Authority or of authorized officials): Address: Mascheroder eg lb D-3812 Braunschweig is. UAΆ Date: 2001 - 03 - 06 ' Where Rule 6.4 (d) applies, such date is the date on which the status of international depositary authority was acquired. Form DSMZ-BΪV4 {sole page) 0196 BUDAPEST TREATY ON THE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF THE DEPOSIT OF MICROORGANISMS FOR THE PURPOSES OF PATENT PROCEDURE INTERNATIONAL FORM Degussa AG Kantstr. 2 33790 Halle-Kύnsebec VIABILITY STATEMENT issued pursuant to Rule 10-2 by the INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY identified at the bottom of this page I. DEPOSITOR II. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MICROORGANISM Name: Degussa AG Accession number given by the Kantstr . 2 INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY: Address: 33790 Halle-Kϋnsebeck DSM 14144 Date of the deposit or the transfer': 2001 -03 - 05 m. VIABILITY STATEMENT The viability of the microorganism identified under II above was tested on 2001 - 03 - 05 z . On that date, the said microorganism was (X)' viable ( )' no longer viable IV. CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE VIABILITY TEST HAS BEEN PERFORMED 4 V. INTERNATIONAL DEPOSITARY AUTHORITY Name: DSMZ-DEUTSCHE SAMMLUNG VON Signature(s) of person(s) having the power to represent the M-KROORGANISMEN UND ZELLKULTUREN GmbH International Depositary Authority or of authorized officials): Address: Mascheroder Weg lb D- 3 8124 Braunschweig • ~4 Date: 2001 -03 - 06 1 Indicate the date of original deposit or, where a new deposit or a transfer has been made, the most recent relevant date (date of the new deposit or date of the transfer). 2 In the cases referred to in Rule 102(a) (ii) and (Hi), refer to the most recent viability test. 3 Mark with a cross the applicable box. 4 Fill in if the information has been requested and if the results of the test were negative. Form DSMZ-BP/9 (sole page) 0196

Claims: What is claimed is: 1. Isolated polynucleotide from coryneform bacteria, comprising a polynucleotide sequence which codes for the dep34 gene, chosen from the group consisting of a) polynucleotide which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to a polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, b) polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, c) polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotides of a) or b) , and d) polynucleotide comprising at least 15 successive nucleotides of the polynucleotide sequence of a) , b) or c) , the polypeptide preferably having the activity of the efflux protein Dep34. 2. Polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide is a preferably recombinant DNA which is capable of replication in coryneform bacteria. 3. Polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide is an RNA. 4. Polynucleotide according to claim 2, comprising the nucleic acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1. 5. DNA according to claim 2 which is capable of replication, comprising (i) the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1, or (ii) at least one sequence which corresponds to sequence (i) within the range of the degeneration of the genetic code, or (iii) at least one sequence which hybridizes with the sequence complementary to sequence (i) or (ii) , and optionally (iv) sense mutations of neutral function in (i) . 6. DNA according to claim 5 which is capable of replication, wherein the hybridization is carried out under a stringency corresponding to at most 2x ΞSC. 7. Polynucleotide sequence according to claim 1, which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 2. 8. Coryneform bacteria in which the dep34 gene is attenuated, in particular eliminated. 9. Integration vector pCR2. Idep34int, which 9.1. carries an internal fragment of the dep34 gene 541 bp in size, 9.2. the restriction map of which is reproduced in figure 1, and 9.3. which is deposited in the E. coli strain Topl0/pCR2.1dep34int under no. DSM 14144 at the Deutsche Sam lung fur Mikroorganismen und Zellenkulturen [German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures] . 0. Process for the fermentative preparation of L-amino acids, in particular L-lysine, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) fermentation of the coryneform bacteria which produce the desired L-amino acid and in which at least the dep34 gene or nucleotide sequences which code for it are attenuated, in particular eliminated; b) concentration of the L-amino acid in the medium or in the cells of the bacteria, and c) isolation of the L-amino acid. 11. Process according to claim 10, wherein bacteria in which further genes of the biosynthesis pathway of the desired L-amino acid are additionally enhanced are employed. 12. Process according to claim 10, wherein bacteria in which the metabolic pathways which reduce the formation of the desired L-amino acid are at least partly eliminated are employed. 13. Process according to claim 10, wherein the expression of the polynucleotide (s) which code(s) for the dep34 gene is attenuated, in particular eliminated. 14. Process according to claim 10, wherein the catalytic properties of the polypeptide (enzyme protein) for which the polynucleotide dep34 codes are reduced. 15. Process according to claim 10, wherein for the preparation of L-amino acids, coryneform microorganisms in which at the same time one or more of the genes chosen from the group consisting of 15.1 the dapA gene which codes for dihydrodipicolinate synthase, 15.2 the gap gene which codes for glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase, 15.3 the tpi gene which codes for triose phosphate isomerase, 15.4 the pgk gene which codes for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, 15.5 the zwf gene which codes for glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase, 15.6 the pyc gene which codes for pyruvate carboxylase, 15.7 the mqo gene which codes for malate-quinone oxidoreductase, 15.8 the lysC gene which codes for a feed-back resistant aspartate kinase, 15.9 the lysE gene which codes for lysine export, 15.10 the horn gene which codes for homoserine dehydrogenase, 15.11 the ilvA gene which codes for threonine dehydratase or the ilvA(Fbr) allele which codes for a feed back resistant threonine dehydratase, 15.12 the ilvBN gene which codes for acetohydroxy- acid synthase, 15.13 the ilvD gene which codes for dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, 15.14 the zwal gene which codes for the Zwal protein, is or are enhanced or over-expressed are fermented. 6. Process according to claim 10, wherein for the preparation of L-amino acids, coryneform microorganisms in which at the same time one or more of the genes chosen from the group consisting of 16.1 the pck gene which codes for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, 16.2 the pgi gene which codes for glucose 6- phosphate isomerase, 16.3 the poxB gene which codes for pyruvate oxidase, 16.4 the zwa2 gene which codes for the Zwa2 protein is or are attenuated are fermented. 17. Coryneform bacteria which contain a vector which carries parts of the polynucleotide according to claim 1, but at least 15 successive nucleotides of the sequence claimed. 18. Process according to one or more of claims 10-16, wherein microorganisms of the species Corynebacterium glutamicum are employed. 19. Process for discovering RNA, cDNA and DNA in order to isolate nucleic acids or polynucleotides or genes which code for the efflux protein Dep34 or have a high similarity with the sequence of the dep34 gene, wherein the polynucleotide comprising the polynucleotide sequences according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4 is employed as hybridization probes. 20. Process according to claim 19, wherein arrays, micro arrays or DNA chips are employed.

Inventors: BATHE BRIGITTE, FARWICK MIKE, HERMANN THOMAS, HUTHMACHER KLAUS, PFEFFERLE WALTER, BATHE, BRIGITTE, FARWICK, MIKE, HERMANN, THOMAS, HUTHMACHER, KLAUS, PFEFFERLE, WALTER
Applicants: DEGUSSA, DEGUSSA AG
Application year: 2001
Main classification: C12P13
IPC codes: C07K14, C12N1, C12N15, C12P13