Hydraulic system for wheeled loader

Abstract: An hydraulic system for a wheeled loader comprising a loader arm assembly (16) which carries a working implement (18) and which is connected to the body (10) and which is movable between raised and lowered positions by means of a hydraulic ram (20) means and in which a hydraulic accumulator (30) is connected to the hydraulic ram means wherein the loader arm assembly (16) is connected at, or adjacent to, the rear end (15) thereof to the body (10) at, or adjacent to, the rear end thereof so that the loader arm assembly extends forwardly whereby, in a lowered position of the loader arm assembly, the working implement (18) is disposed in front of the body wherein each chamber (25,26) of the hydraulic ram means (20) is connected to a selection valve means (40) adapted to feed fluid under pressure to one chamber of the ram means and to receive fluid at a lower pressure from the other chamber of the ram means in order to raise the loader arm assembly or to feed fluid under pressure to said other chamber of the ram means and receive fluid at a lower pressure from said one chamber of the ram means to lower the loader arm assembly, first (32) and second (33) control valves each of which is movable between a first position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough is prevented in one or both directions respectively to a second position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough is permitted, said first control valve (32) means being connected between said first chamber (25) and said accumulator (30) and said second valve means (33) being connected between said second chamber (26) and a low pressure region (35) and there being a check valve (39) connected between the first chamber (25) and the selection valve means (40) such that the check valve (39) is normally closed to prevent fluid under pressure passing from said first chamber (25) to the selection valve means (40) and having hydraulic fluid responsive means (41) to open said check valve and there being means to connect said hydraulic fluid pressure means to said second chamber so as to open the check valve.

Description: Description of Invention This invention relates to a hydraulic system for a wheeled loader having a loader arm assembly which carries a working implement and in which the loader arm assembly is connected to the body and which is movable between raised and lowered positions by means of a hydraulic ram means. It is known to improve the ride of such a wheeled loader by connecting an hydraulic accumulator into the hydraulic hose which feeds hydraulic fluid into said ram means to raise the loader arm assembly. As a result when the wheeled loader is travelling across a site, or when travelling along a road, at speed the loader arm assembly is suspended in spring manner by the accumulator and so the wheeled loader is able to travel with less pitch and bounce than would otherwise have been the case. However, such a ride improvement system has not been provided hitherto in a loader vehicle comprising a loader arm assembly connected to the body at, or adjacent to, the rear end of the body so that the loader arm assembly extends forwardly whereby, in a lowered position of the arm assembly, the working implement is disposed in front of the body. Such a vehicle is provided with a hose burst check valve. US-A-4658970, corresponding to the preamble of independent claim 1, teaches a mobile crane with a jib, having a ride improvement system of the kind in which, when engaged, both sides of the lifting ram are connected in a closed circuit and to an accumulator which damps oscillations of the jib as the vehicle travels. JP-A-58-121305 teaches a machine with a boom in which an hydraulic accumulator is provided enable oil pressure in an annulus side of a lifing ram to be "topped-up" in the event of oil leakage or shrinkage due to oil cooling, thus to maintain the position of the piston in the lifing ram fixed. According to the present invention we provide a wheeled loader according to claim 1. The selection valve means may be manually operable. The control valves may be electrically operated solenoid valves to which current is supplied by a manually operable switch means to cause operation of said ride improvement means when said valves are positioned to permit passage of hydraulic fluid. The selection valve means may be provided with a switch means to sense the position of the selection valve means to close said second control valve when the boom is lowered and said control valves are in their second positions. The accumulator and the control valves and the check valves may be mounted directly on the hydraulic ram means. At least one of said accumulator, solenoid valves, check valves and connecting pipework may be made in metal, preferably steel. Said check valve may be a hose burst check valve. Said one chamber may be disposed on the opposite side of the valve to the piston rod and said other chamber may be an annular chamber surrounding said piston rod. An example of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a side view of a wheeled loader according to the invention, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic circuit diagram showing the flow of hydraulic fluid and valve positions in normal operation of the loader during lifting of the arm, Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 but showing normal operation during lowering of the arm, Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 but showing a travel position of the loader with the ride improvement means engaged, Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 but showing a boom lift position and ride improvement means engaged. Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 but showing flow of fluid in a boom lower position with the ride improvement means engaged. Referring to the drawings, a wheeled loader vehicle comprises a body 10 supported, in conventional manner, on two pairs of front and rear wheels 11, 12 each of which is steerable and each of which is driven by a suitable transmission and differential means from an engine which may be disposed as desired on the vehicle. The body 10 has a rear end 13 and a front end 14. A loader arm assembly 16, at a position adjacent its rear end, is pivotally mounted to the body 10 adjacent the rear end 13 of the body, about an axis 15. The loader arm assembly 16 in the present example, is a two part boom having an outer part 16 a , within which is telescoped an inner part 16b and which parts are slidable relative to each other by hydraulic ram means so as to provide an extendible loader arm assembly. If desired the vehicle may have a two or more part boom or an un-extendible single part boom. At the front end of the boom assembly 16 is a downwardly extending nose part 17 by which a working implement 18 is releasably carried in conventional manner. If desired, the working implement 18 may be a pair of lifting tines as shown or may be a bucket or any other suitable working implement. The loader arm assembly may be connected to the body at or adjacent the rear thereof, by any suitable pivot means disposed at or adjacent the rear of the loader arm assembly. The loader arm assembly 16 is pivotable about the axis 15 between raised and lowered positions. In the lowered position working implement 18 is disposed in front of the vehicle front end 14. The loader arm assembly 16 is movable between said raised and lowered positions by a ram assembly 20, which in the present example comprises a single ram. The ram assembly 20, in conventional manner, comprises a cylinder part 21 and a piston rod 22. The piston rod 22 is connected at one end to a bracket 23 depending downwardly from the underside of the part 16 a of the lowered arm assembly by means of a pivot pin 24 a whilst the cylinder 21 is connected, at its lower end, by a pivot pin 24 b to a part of the body 10. Obviously extension and retraction of the piston rod 22 from the cylinder 21 causes pivotal raising and lowering of the arm assembly 16. Within the cylinder 21 is a first chamber 25, on one side of the piston 27, which is of cylindrical configuration and a second chamber 26 on the opposite side of the piston 27, see Figures 2 to 5, to the first chamber 25 and which is of annular configuration in cross section. Mounted on the cylinder 21 is a conventional accumulator means 30 made of, in the present example, steel and connected by a pipe 31 to a first control valve 32. A second control valve 33 is connected by a line 34 comprising flexible hoses and/or rigid pipes to an hydraulic reservoir or other low pressure area 35. Each control valve 32, 33 is an electrically operated solenoid valve and which is movable between a first or "at rest" position in which passage of fluid is prevented in one direction of the valve 32 and in both directions in the valve 33 and a second position in which passage of fluid is permitted. Both control valves 32, 33 are normally spring biased by a spring means 36 to the position in which flow of fluid is prevented as illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3. A line 38, comprising a rigid pipe 38 a and a flexible line 38 b , connects the first chamber 25 of the ram 20 to a first port 40 a of a selection valve 40 via a hose burst check valve 39. The first control valve 32 is connected by a line 37, comprising a rigid pipe, to the line 38 between ram chamber 25 and the hose burst check valve 39. The hose burst check valve 39 is a pilot valve that is normally maintained closed in the direction to prevent flow of fluid under pressure from the chamber 25 to the valve 40 but it may be opened by supply of pilot pressure on line 41, comprising a rigid pipe, from a line 42, comprising a rigid pipe 42 a and flexible hoses 42 b which extends between a second port 40 b of the selection valve 40 and the chamber 26 of the ram 20. The line 42 is connected by a line 43 to the second control valve 33. In use, as best shown in Figure 2, during normal operation, when it is desired to lift the arm, fluid under pressure is fed from the first port 40 a of the selection valve 40 along the line 38 through the one-way check valve within the hose burst check valve 39. As boom suspension has not been selected there is no electrical supply to valves 32 and 33 and they remain in the normally closed position. As the telescopic boom 16 is raised, by the supply of fluid to the chamber 25, fluid under lower pressure is fed from the chamber 26 along line 42 into a port 40 b of the selection valve 40. The valve 33, of course, being, like the valve 32, maintained in the position shown in Figure 2 to prevent flow of fluid therethrough by virtue of no electrical supply being supplied to the solenoid thereof. Referring now to Figure 3, when it is desired to lower the loader arm assembly the valve 40 is actuated to feed fluid under pressure through port 40 b along line 42 into the chamber 26 and thus fluid under lower pressure is fed from chamber 25 along line 38 through hose burst check valve 39 which is maintained in an open position by virtue of supply of pilot pressure on line 41 which extends from line 42. Referring now to Figure 4, when it is desired to operate the ride improvement means i.e. boom suspension means the system is activated by operation of a suitable electric control so that electrical supply is provided to the valves 32, 33 to move them from the positions shown Figures 2 and 3 to the positions shown in Figures 4 to 6 in which passage of hydraulic fluid is permitted. In this position fluid can flow both to the accumulator 30 and also to the reservoir 35 in accordance with the external forces imposed on the piston 27 to displace fluid to or from chambers 25, 26. Such a condition is shown in Figure 4. As a result the loader arm is supported by the action of the accumulator on the hydraulic fluid and it is, in effect, sprung. Referring now to Figure 5, when it is desired to raise the loader arm assembly whilst the ride improvement means is engaged, the valve 40 is actuated to feed fluid from port 40 a under pressure along line 38 into the chamber 25 whilst fluid from the chamber 26 passes along the line 42 back to the valve 40. At the same time the suspension of the arm assembly is suspended by the accumulator 30 as described hereinbefore in connection with the Figure 4. Referring now to Figure 6, when it is desired to lower the boom whilst the ride improvement means is engaged, the actuation of the valve 40 to raise pressure at port 40 b , by virtue of switch 44, has the effect of collapsing the 7 electrical signal to valve 33 which becomes closed and so allows pressure to be raised in line 42 which feeds fluid under pressure to chamber 26, whilst fluid in chamber 25 is fed via line 38 through the hose burst check valve 39 to the port 40 a of the valve 40. The hose burst check valve 39 is maintained open by pilot pressure fluid on line 41 which extends from line 42. Whilst in this example the accumulator 30, valves 32, 33 and check valve 39 are all disposed on the cylinder 21, if desired one or more of these components may be positioned as desired and made of material as desired where permitted by local regulations. In the present specification "comprise" means "includes or consists of" and "comprising" means "including or consisting of'.

Claims: A wheeled loader having a hydraulic system for providing a ride improvement means, the hydraulic system including a loader arm assembly (16) which carries a working implement (18) and which is connected to a body (10) of the loader, and which loader arm assembly (16) is movable between raised and lowered positions by means of a hydraulic ram means (20) and in which a hydraulic accumulator (30) is connected to the hydraulic ram means (20) wherein the loader arm assembly (16) is connected at, or adjacent to, the rear end thereof to the body (10) at, or adjacent to, the rear end thereof so that the loader arm assembly (16) extends forwardly whereby, in a lowered position of the loader arm assembly (16), the working implement (18) is disposed in front of the body (10) wherein the first chamber (25) and the second chamber (26) of the hydraulic ram means (20) are connected to a selection valve means (40) adapted to feed fluid under pressure to the first chamber (25) of the ram means (20) and to receive fluid at a lower pressure from the second chamber (26) of the ram means (20) in order to raise the loader arm assembly (16) or to feed fluid under pressure to said second chamber (26) of the ram means (20) and receive fluid at a lower pressure from said first chamber (25) of the ram means (20) to lower the loader arm assembly (16), the hydraulic system including further a first and a second control valve (32,33) characterised in that the first control valve (32) is connected to a line (38) between said first chamber (25) and the selection valve means (40), and to said accumulator (30), the first control valve (32) being movable between a first position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough to the accumulator (30) is prevented, to a second position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough is permitted, and that the second control valve (33) is connected between said second chamber (26) and a low pressure region (35), the second control valve (33) being moveable between a first position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough to the low pressure region is prevented, to a second position in which passage of hydraulic fluid therethrough is permitted, and there being a check valve (39) in the line (38) between the first chamber (25) and the selection valve means (40), between the selection valve means (40) and the connection of the first control valve (33) to the said line (38) such that the check valve (39) is normally closed to prevent fluid under pressure passing from said first chamber (25) to the selection valve means (40) and the check valve (39) having hydraulic fluid responsive means responsive to hydraulic fluid pressure in the second chamber (26) to open said check valve (39) and there being means (41) to connect said hydraulic fluid pressure to said second chamber (26). A loader according to claim 1 characterised in that the selection valve means (40) is manually operable. A loader according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the first and second control valves (32,33) are electrically operated solenoid valves to which current is supplied by a manually operable switch means to move said control valves (32,33) to their second positions to provide said ride improvement means. A loader according to claim 2 or claim 3 characterised in that the selection valve means (40) is provided with a switch means (44) to sense the position of the selection valve means (40) to close said second control valve (33) when the loader arm assembly (16) is lowered and said control valves (32,33) are in their second positions A loader according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the accumulator (30) and the control valves (32,33) and the check valve (39) are mounted directly on the hydraulic ram means (20). A loader according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least one of said accumulator (30), control valves and check valve (39) and connecting pipes are made in metal.

Inventors: COOK DAVID, COVELL BEN, COOK, DAVID, COVELL, BEN
Applicants: BAMFORD EXCAVATORS LTD
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B66F9
IPC codes: B66F9, E02F9