SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVELY COLLECTING SOLID URBAN WASTE

Abstract: A system for selectively collecting solid urban waste comprising: arranging containers (1) of pre-established volume, for the different categories of waste to be collected; providing said containers (1) with identifying means (6) containing identifying data for identifying the single user availing of the collection service of said waste, the capacity of the single container (1) and the category of waste the container is intended to contain; supplying each said user with at least one of said containers (1), for each waste category involved in said collection service.

Description: System for selectively collecting solid urban waste The invention relates to a system for selectively collecting solid urban waste, i.e. a system for collecting and subsequently disposing solid urban waste in which the solid waste is subdivided into categories before being conveyed to disposal centres. At present the solid urban waste is collected according mainly to two systems . A first system provides the undifferentiated collection of solid waste, which is introduced by the' individual users into collecting containers placed at collecting points distributed on the territory. The containers are emptied by compactor vehicles, which carry the waste to dumps, or to incinerator plants. This system is highly inefficient, for a proper disposal of the waste. First of all, since the waste is collected in a not selective way, the waste suitable for being recycled may not be recovered from the mass of waste. The dumps and the incinerators are pollution sources for ground and air. The collecting containers are frequently dirty and stinking, particularly during summer, due to the high temperatures, which promote fermentation of waste into the containers and periodical cleaning of the containers is not sufficient to prevent this drawback. Furthermore, the' sites, in which the waste containers are placed, are frequently dirty and fetid. The collection with great compactor vehicles frequently causes troubles to the city traffic, if said collection is carried out in the diurnal hours and causes inconveniences for the operators and high costs when carried out at night-time. Eventually, this collection system does not allow the amount of waste produced by the individual user to be defined, therefore, the costs of collection may not be distributed between the users depending on the effective amount of waste produced thereby. Another system for collecting solid urban waste, which is now quite widespread, provides groups of collecting containers to be used, one for each product category of waste, for example paper, plastic, glass, biological or damp waste, etc. Also in this system, the groups of containers are positioned in collection areas distributed on the territory, therefore the user has to approach said collection areas for introducing the waste into the containers. The containers have to be emptied by vehicles of different type, according to the category of waste contained into the single containers. The collecting operations has the same type of inconveniences for the city traffic, or the operators, as above mentioned. Furthermore the groups of containers need large areas in which said containers may be placed, said groups of containers causing then a remarkable occupation of public land. Also with this system, there is the drawback that unpleasant odours are present in the containers, in particular containers designed to contain waste which is subjected to fermentation. Therefore, also in this case, the waste containers and the areas in which they are positioned have to be periodically cleaned. Furthermore, the waste may not be properly introduced into the various collecting containers, with the risk that, into a same container, waste of different nature can be found, which would frustrate the purpose of selective collection, since, due to the relevant dimensions of the containers, the operators carrying out the collection are not able to check whether the waste has been properly distributed into the different containers. Eventually, also this system for collecting waste does not allow the actual amount of waste produced by the individual users to be evaluated and, therefore, a fee proportional to the amount of waste actually produced to be applied. The present invention provides a method for selectively collecting solid urban waste, which is simple, efficient and does not imply the above mentioned drawbacks. According to the present invention a system for selectively collecting solid urban waste is provided which comprises: providing the user with various containers having pre-established volume, for the various categories of waste to be collected; providing said containers with identifying codes identifying the individual user, the capacity of the individual container and the category of waste contained therein; arranging, near a single building unit, or groups of building units, areas suitable for receiving said containers, when they have been filled; collecting waste from said containers grouped in said areas; estimating the volume amount of waste brought by the individual user by reading said codes. The system according to the invention allows the unclean and unaesthetic containers for the collection of the waste to be eliminated; the system further allows greater comfort for the user since the areas intended for receiving the waste containers may be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the building unit occupied by the user. The system also allows, for each waste category, the volume amount produced by each user to be exactly estimated and, consequently, fair fees for the waste collection, actually proportional to the amount of waste produced by each user, to be applied. Since the volume of the amount of produced waste is measured, the individual user is encouraged to compact the waste, before bringing the single containers to the collection areas, so preventing the operators executing the collection, from performing said compactation, with remarkable simplification and speeding of the collecting operations and reduction of the dimensions of vehicles arranged for transporting the waste, since the vehicles do not have to be provided with compactor devices for compacting the waste. The waste may be collected according to the category thereof, which allows the operators performing the collection to quickly check, when emptying said containers, the proper separation of the waste, on the basis of the category thereof. The invention will be now described below with reference to the enclosed drawing tables, which show an exemplifying, but not- restrictive embodiment thereof, in which: Figure 1 and 2 are perspective views of a container for selectively collecting solid urban waste according to the invention, respectively in a closed and in an open configuration; Figures 3, 4 and 5 are sketched views of waste compactor devices suitable for being associated with said container; Figures 6 and 7 are sketched, perspective views of housing means for housing containers like the container of Figures 1 and 2, suitable for being arranged into a single building unit; Figure 8 is a sketched and perspective view of further housing means for housing said containers, suitable for being arranged in areas designed for receiving said containers, when they been filled, and from which the waste are collected by the operators assigned to this task; Figure 9 is a view of a trolley means usable by said operators for collecting the containers from said areas, before emptying them; Figure 10 is left view of Figure 9; Figure 11 is a cross section of Figure 10; Figure 12 is an enlarged detail of Figure 11; Figures 13 and 14 are perspective and sketched views of tank means for collecting the waste brought into said containers, said tank means being able to be installed on vehicles; Figure 15 is a view of another version of the tank means of Figures 13 and 14, provided with auxiliary means for allowing the category of waste contained in said containers to be controlled, before said waste is introduced into said tank means; Figures 16, 17, 18 are, respectively, a lateral view, a plan view and a back view of a vehicle for collecting solid urban waste, provided with said tank means. In Figures 1 and 2 a container 1 is shown, preferably made of rigid material, designed to be used by individual users, in the system for selectively collecting solid urban waste according to the invention. The container 1 has preferably a parallelepipedal shape and is provided with a cover 2, which may rotate around hinges 7, said container being provided with handle 3 for promoting opening thereof. The cover 2 may be fixed in a closing position by closing means 5, for example snap closing means, which are preferably suitable for causing the container 1 to be hermetically closed. The container 1 may be provided with stiffening ribs 4. The container 1 has a pre-established volume, which may depend on the waste category to be received and on the amount of waste of said category which the user on average produces in the time period between a waste collection and the subsequent one. On a wall of the container 1 identifying means 6 is provided, for example bar code means, or magnetic band means, or something else, in which information is coded concerning the identifying data of the user using the container 1, the container volume, and the waste category the container is intended to contain. Advantageously, on the external surface of each container an alphanumeric code is impressed, different for each user, which allows said user to immediately identify the container to be withdrawn, after said container has been emptied by the operators assigned to the waste collection . Advantageously, containers 1 of different volume have the same plan size and different height depending on the volume of the container. This fact allows the containers 1 and the dimensions of the areas where the containers have to be stored in and collected from to be standardized. In Figures 3, 4 and 5, three versions of compactor means are shown for compacting waste into the container 1, for maximising the weight amount of waste which may be introduced in the container 1. In Figure 3 a first version of the compactor means 8 is shown, comprising a base 9, on which a container 1 may be placed, the container being positioned and blocked on the base 9 by suitable positioning and blocking means, not shown. From the base 9 a L-shaped support arm 10 protrudes upwards, comprising a female screw to which a threaded rod 12 is coupled, actuatable by a handwheel 13. A pressing element 11 is fixed at the lower end of the threaded rod 12, said pressing element having shape and dimensions suitable for being inserted with clearance into the container 1 and performing, by actuation of the threaded rod 12, a compression on the waste placed inside the container 1, for minimising the volume occupied thereby. In Figure 5 a second version of the compactor means 14 is shown in which the pressing element 11 is fixed to an end of a telescopic rod 15, actuated by an actuation device 16 of hydraulic type controlled by an actuating lever 17. The device is provided with a pressure gauge 18 for controlling the pressure applied during the waste compaction . In Figure 5 a third version of the compactor ' means 19 is shown, similar to the compactor means 14, in which the telescopic rod 15 is actuated by a hydraulic device 20 with electric actuation. The hydraulic device 20 is supplied by a supply cable 22 and is provided with controls 21, for example push-button controls, which allow the hydraulic device 20 to be started and stopped. Also this hydraulic device 20 is provided with a pressure gauge 18 for controlling the pressure applied on the waste during compaction thereof. In Figure 6 a first version of housing means 23 is shown, suitable for housing the containers 1 into a building unit. The housing means comprises a supporting structure 24, which may be caused to slide on wheels 28, said supporting structure 24 being internally divided into compartments 25, by partition walls 26. The shape and the sizes of the compartments 25 are selected so as to allow the containers 1, for example having square or rectangular shape, to be inserted thereinto. The housing element 24 may be integrated in the frame of a modular kitchen 27. In Figure 7 a second version of housing means 29 is shown, suitable for housing the containers 1 into a building unit. The housing means 29 comprises a supporting structure 30, extending substantially in a vertical direction, which is movable on wheels 31. The supporting structure 30 is internally provided with shelves 32, suitable for receiving and supporting a container 1. For improving the stability of the containers 1 placed on the shelves 32, said shelves 32 are advantageously inclined downwards and inwards with respect to the supporting structure 30. The housing means 29 is insertable in a cupboard structure 33, of modular type, being part, for example, of a modular kitchen. In Figure 8 further housing means 34 is shown, suitable for being used in a region in which the containers 1 coming from a plurality of building units are collected; the containers 1 are picked up from said region by the operators assigned to the waste collection, for being subsequently emptied and brought back to said region, after emptying, again available for the users. The further housing means 34 comprises a supporting structure 35 having a cupboard-like shape, frontally open, or closed by means of sliding or hinged doors, and provided with a plurality of supporting shelves 36 for supporting the containers 1, said supporting shelves being shaped so as to be able to support containers 1 having different size. The supporting shelves 36 are preferably inclined downwards and inwards with respect to the supporting structure 35, for improving stability of the containers 1 placed on them. In Figures 9 to 12 moving means 37 for moving the containers 1 is shown, suitable for being used by the operators assigned to the waste collection, for carrying the containers 1 from the collection regions to motor vehicles suitable for transporting the waste. The moving means 37 comprises a trolley movable on wheels 38 and provided with shelves 39 for supporting the containers 1. The shelves 39 are fixed to lateral walls 40, to a transversal intermediate wall 41 and to a longitudinal intermediate wall 42. The shape, the dimensions and the spacing of the shelves 39 are selected so that containers 1 of different volumes are allowed to be supported thereon. Advantageously the shelves 39 are inclined downwards and towards the longitudinal intermediate wall 42, for improving stability of the containers 1 placed thereon. Handles 43 are provided on the lateral walls 40 of the trolley 38 for making said trolley easy to be moved. In Figures 13 and 14 a tank 44 and an auxiliary tank 45 are shown suitable for being used on the vehicles arranged for picking-up and transporting the waste. The tanks 44, 45 have preferably a parallelepipedal shape and are divided into separate compartments 46, suitable for receiving different categories of waste, such as, for example, paper, glass, plastic, damp waste, etc.. The tanks are provided with lower tongues 47, suitable for making easier to position and block the tanks on the loading platform of a vehicle, and with slots 48 obtained on pairs of opposite lateral walls, suitable for being engaged with coupling means of raising and reversing devices (not shown) suitable for emptying the tanks 44, 45. The volume of the tanks 44 is selected according to the average amount of waste which the vehicle has to collect during each operation of waste collection. The auxiliary tank 45 is suitable for being used, for example, when the amount of waste of one, or more categories exceeds the average amount which the vehicle is designed to collect during a collecting operation. In Figure 15 a further tank 49 is shown, similar to the tanks 44 and 45 and provided with retractable closing means 50, suitable for closing the inlet of the compartments 46. Advantageously, the closing means 50 may be net means, windable on a winding device 51; a free end of the net means being able to be fixed to coupling means 52 provided on a wall of the tank 49, opposite to said winding device 51. The operators assigned to the waste collection may use the closing means 50 for checking that the waste contained into the containers 1, which has to be transferred into the tank 49, is of the provided category for each container 1. For this purpose, before introducing the waste of a container 1 into the tank 49, the operator closes the inlet of the compartments 46 by unwinding the net 50 until the net 50 couples the coupling means 52 and spills the waste from the container 1 on the net 50 for controlling the category thereof. The meshes of the net 50 have such dimensions that they may not be penetrated by the waste placed thereabove. After the category of the waste has been controlled, the waste may be introduced into the compartments 46, by winding again the net 50 on the winding means 51. The tanks 44, 45 and 49 may be provided with wheels, suitable for making said tanks 44, 45 and 49 easily movable . Figures 16, 17 and 18 show in lateral, plan and back view, respectively, a vehicle 53 for collecting waste, on the loading platform 54 thereof, for example, two tanks 44 for the collection of waste, an auxiliary tank 45 and one or more trolleys 37 for transporting the containers 1 may be placed. The tanks 44 and 45 and the trolley, or trolleys, 37 may be positioned and blocked on the loading platform 54 through blocking means 57 hydraulically or mechanically actuated. The loading platform 54 may be provided with guide means for guiding the wheels of the tanks 44, 45 and 49, if present. The vehicle 53 may be provided with withdrawable footboards 55 allowing the operators to easily empty the containers 1 into the tanks 44 and 45. In addition, a housing 56 may be provided for housing a reading device suitable for reading the data coded on the optical, or magnetic, codes 6 printed on the containers 1 and for transmitting said data to storing and processing means, not shown, with which said reading device may be connected. By using the data read by said reading device it is possible to calculate the volume amount of waste produced by each user, for each category 'of provided waste; on the basis of this amount each user is charged with his cost share for the waste collection. Thus, the fee for the waste collection is effectively proportional to the amount of waste produced by each user, and any inequality in the collection cost sharing between the users may be removed. The waste collection according to the method of the present invention occurs as follows: each user is provided with a plurality of containers 1 of pre-established volume, for the different categories of waste to be collected, such as, for example, paper, glass, plastic, damp waste, etc.; each container 1 is provided with identifying codes, for example bar codes, or magnetic codes, containing data relative to the user identity, the location of the building unit occupied by the user, the volume of the container 1 and the category of waste the container 1 is intended to contain; areas are arranged, near single building units, or groups of building units, suitable for receiving said containers 1, when they have been filled by the users, the containers 1 being stored in said areas awaiting for the waste pick-up by the operators assigned to its collection; the above-mentioned areas may be equipped with the further housing means 34 for housing the containers 1, so as to allow the containers 1 to be accumulated functionally and in an orderly way in the above-mentioned areas; the containers 1 are picked up by the operators assigned to the waste collection and are carried, for example through the trolleys 37, towards a vehicle equipped for the waste transport, such as for example a vehicle 53 previously described; the containers 1 are emptied into the compartments 46 of t e tanks 44, 45, 49 of the vehicle, each compartment 46 being intended for receiving a different waste category. Before emptying the waste into the tanks 44, 45 of the vehicle 53, the operators can check that the waste category contained into each container 1 corresponds to the category the container 1 is intended to receive, by initially emptying the waste on the net 50 with which the tanks 44, 45, 49 are provided. If the waste category does not correspond to the expected category, the operators refill the container 1 with the waste, so that the user can realize that he has erroneously used the container 1; the waste category for which the container 1 is designed can be identified by reading the identifying code 6 impressed on the container, by means of the code reader with which the vehicle 53 is provided; alternatively, it is possible to supply containers 1 having different colours, or identifying marks visually different, according to the waste category they are intended to receive, so as to allow the waste category for which a container 1 is designed to be immediately recognized, and the containers 1 to be easily used by the users. when the containers are emptied, the operators assigned to the waste collection read, through the above-mentioned reader, the identifying codes impressed on each container, for storing in storing and processing means the data relative to the user identity, the location of the building unit occupied by the user, the waste category and the container volume; these data will be subsequently used for establishing the waste collection fee each user is intended to pay, since this fee will be proportional to the volume and category of waste actually produced by each user; when the waste collection is finished, the waste is brought to a collection centre, from which the waste, sorted according to its category, is sent to recycling or treatment establishments. The waste collection can be arranged on the basis of the single waste categories, for example by picking up at each single collecting operation only waste of a defined category, or of some categories, at pre-established time intervals, depending on the mean amount of waste of said category, or categories, which is produced by the group of building units involved in the collecting operation. This mean amount can be evaluated and controlled on the basis of data collected by reading the identifying codes of the containers 1 during the waste collecting operations . The method and the equipments above described for collecting solid urban waste, can be subjected to variations and modifications, all falling in the domain of protection of the present invention.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Method for selectively collecting solid urban waste, comprising: - arranging containers (1) of pre-established volume, for the different categories of waste to be collected; - providing said containers (1) with identifying means (6) containing identifying data for identifying a single user availing of the collection service of said waste, the capacity of the single container (1) and the category of waste the container is intended to contain;,' - supplying each said user with at least one of said containers (1), for each waste category involved in said collection service. 2. Method according to claim 1, and further comprising arranging, near single building units occupied by a plurality of said users, or near groups of said building units, areas suitable for receiving said containers (1), when they have been filled. 3. Method according to claim 2, and further comprising picking up said containers (1) from said areas. 4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising reading said data contained in said identifying means (6) and storing said data into storing and processing means. 5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, and further comprising transferring the contents of said containers (1) into self-propelled collecting means (53). 6. Method according to claim 5, wherein said self- propelled collecting means (53) is provided with separated areas (46), each of said separated areas being intended for receiving a pre-established waste category. 7. Method according to claim 5, further comprising checking that the waste category contained into the container (1) corresponds to the waste category said container (1) is intended to receive, before transferring said waste from a container (1) to said self-propelled collecting means (53) . 8. Method according to any of claims 5 to 7, further comprising repositioning said empty containers (1) into said areas, after transferring the waste into said self- propelled collecting means (53) . 9. Method according to any of claims 5 to 8, further comprising transferring the waste stored into said self- propelled collecting means (53) to collecting and sorting centres for collecting and sorting said waste. 10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising establishing, for each waste category, according to the reading and processing of said identifying data, the volume amount of waste that each user has produced in a pre-established time period, said volume amount being usable for invoicing to each single user the cost of the waste collection service. 11. Method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising arranging, for each waste category, or for groups of waste categories, pick-up operations for picking up said waste at pre-established intervals of time, for pre-established groups of building units. 12. Method according to claim 11, wherein said pre- established intervals of time, and said groups of building units, are established on the basis of the waste amount produced by the single users, for each waste category, or group of categories . 13. Container (1) for selectively collecting solid urban waste, characterized in that it is provided with identifying means (6) suitable for allowing the user employing said container (1) , the location of the building unit occupied by said user, the volume of said container (1) and the waste category contained in said container (1) to be identified. 14. Container (1) according to claim 13, wherein said identifying means comprises an optically or magnetically readable code impressed on an external surface of said container (1 ) . 15. Container (1) according to claim 13, or 14, characterized in that it has pre-established plan dimensions and variable height depending on its volume. 16. Container (1) according to claim 13, or 14, characterized in that it has pre-established height and variable plan dimensions depending on its volume. 17. Container (1) according to any of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that it is provided with cover (2) and closing means (5) for closing said cover (2), said closing means (5) being suitable for carrying out a substantially hermetic closure of said cover (2). 18. Means (8; 14; 19) for compacting waste, characterized in that it comprises a pressing element (11) fixed to an end of a rod (12; 15) . 19. Means (8) for compacting waste according to claim 18, wherein said rod (12) is a threaded rod coupled with a female screw provided in a supporting element (10). 20. Means (8) for compacting waste according to claim 19, wherein said threaded rod (12) is provided with actuating means (13) . 21. Means (14; 19) for compacting waste according to claim 18, wherein said rod (15) is a telescopic rod actuated by an actuating device (16; 20) of hydraulic type . 22. Means (14) for compacting waste, according to claim 21, wherein said actuating device (16) is provided with manual actuating means (17) . 23. Means (19) for compacting waste, according to claim 21, wherein said actuating device (20) is provided with electrically supplied actuating means. 24. Means (14; 19) for compacting waste according to any of claims 21 to 23, wherein said actuating device (16; 20) is provided with control means (18) for controlling pressure of an actuating hydraulic fluid. 25. Means (8; 14; 19) for compacting waste, according to any of claims 18 to 24, further comprising shelf means (9) for supporting and blocking a waste container thereon . 26. Means (8; 14; 19) for compacting waste, according to claim 25, wherein said pressing means (11) is dimensioned so as to couple with clearance with an inlet of said container. 27. Means (8; 14; 19) for compacting waste, according to claim 26, wherein said container is a container (1) according to any of claims 13 to 17. 28. Housing means (23; 29; 34) for housing containers .of solid waste, comprising a supporting structure (24, 30, 35) provided with containing and supporting means (25; 32; 36) for containing and supporting said containers. 29. Housing means (23) according to claim 28, wherein said containing and supporting means comprises compartments (25) defined by internal walls (26) of said supporting structure (24). 30. Housing means (23) according to claim 29, wherein said compartments (25) are dimensioned so as to receive one, or more, of said containers. 31. Housing means (29; 34) according to claim 28, wherein said containing and supporting means comprises shelf means (32; 36) fixed to lateral walls (30, 35) and to a back wall of said supporting structure (30; 35) . 32. Housing means (34) according to claim 28, wherein said shelf means (36) is fixed to at least one internal wall of said supporting structure (35) . 33. Housing means (29; 34) according to any of claims 31 to 33, wherein said shelf means (32; 36) is inclined downwards and inwards with respect to said supporting structure (30; 35). 34. Housing means (23; 29; 34) according to any of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that it is provided with wheels (28; 31) . 35. Housing means (23; 29; 34) according to any of claims 28 to 34, characterized in that it is suitable for housing containers (1) according to any of claims 13 to 17. 36. Carrying means for carrying containers of solid waste, characterized in that it comprises a supporting structure (37) of self-propelled type provided with containing and supporting means (39) for containing and supporting said containers. 37. Carrying means according to claim 36, wherein said containing and supporting means comprises shelf means (39) fixed to lateral (40) and intermediate (41, 42) walls of said supporting structure (37). 38. Carrying means according to claim 37, wherein said shelf means (39) is inclined downwards and inwards with respect to said supporting structure (37) . 39. Carrying means according to any of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that it is suitable for receiving containers (1) according to any of claims 13 to 17. 40. Tank means (44; 45; 49) for collecting solid waste, characterized in that it comprises a structure having a substantially parallelepipedal shape, open upwards, internally divided into compartments (46) . 41. Tank means (44; 45; 49) according to claim 40, wherein said structure is provided at its base with tongues (47) suitable for allowing said structure to be easily positioned and blocked on a supporting surface. 42. Tank means (44; 45; 49) according to claim 41, or 42, wherein slot means (48) is provided, on a pair of opposite walls of said structure. 43. Tank means (49) according to any of claims 40 to 42, wherein said structure is provided with removable closing means (50) , suitable for closing said compartments (46) . 44. Tank means (49) according to claim 43, wherein said closing means comprises net means (50) . 45. Tank means (49) according to claim 44, wherein said net means (50) is associated with winding means (51) . 46. Tank means (49) according to claim 44, or 45, further comprising coupling means (52) suitable for coupling an end of said net means. 47. Tank means (44; 45; 49) according to any of claims 40 to 46, characterized in that it is provided with wheels. 48. Vehicle (53) for carrying solid waste comprising a loading platform (54), characterized in that said loading platform (54) is provided with positioning and coupling means (57) for positioning and coupling tank means suitable for containing said waste. 49. Vehicle (53) according to claim 48, wherein said loading platform (54) is provided with positioning and coupling means (57) for positioning and coupling carrying means of containers of said waste. 50. Vehicle (53) according to claim 48, or 49, characterized in that it is provided with reading and storing means for reading and storing optical or magnetic codes . 51. Vehicle (53) according to any of claims 48 to 50, wherein said loading platform (54) is suitable for receiving one or more tank means according to any of claims 40 to 47. 52. Vehicle (53) according to claim 50, wherein said positioning and coupling means (37) is suitable for coupling with said tongues (47) of said tank means (44; 45; 49) . 53. Vehicle (53) according to claim 51, or 53, wherein said positioning means comprises guide means for guiding the wheels of said tank means (44; 45; 49). 54. Vehicle (53) according to any of claims 48 to 53, wherein said loading platform (54) is suitable for receiving one, or more, carrying means (37) according to any of claims 36 to 39. 55. Vehicle (53) according to any of claims 48 to 54, characterized in that it is provided with lateral footboards (55) of withdrawable type.

Inventors: BARBARO FILIPPO, BARBARO, FILIPPO
Applicants: BARBARO FILIPPO, BARBARO, FILIPPO
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B65F1
IPC codes: B65F1, B65F3