UREA INJECTOR IN EXHAUST GAS TURBINE HOUSING

Abstract: Combustion engine comprising an exhaust pipe, a turbine housing connected to said exhaust pipe which exhibits an inlet opening, an outlet opening, a chamber located between said inlet opening and outlet opening in which a turbine wheel is rotatably arranged on a rotational shaft which is mounted in bearings in said housing and extends through a through-hole in said chamber, and an injector for injecting urea while the combustion engine is in a predetermined operating conditions into exhaust gases generated by the combustion engine.

Description: Title Urea Injector in Exhaust Gas Turbine Housing. Technical field The present invention relates to a combustion engine in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, and particularly to a combustion engine in which the emission level of nitrogen oxides emitted to the environment is reduced by means of injecting urea into the exhaust pipe. The present invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such an engine. Background of the invention Diesel and petrol engines which are designed for lean operation, so-called lean-burn engines, exhibit good properties where fuel economy is concerned, though in normal operation generate particles and nitrogen oxides, NOx. A number of previously known methods can be utilised in order to reduce the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases. For instance, the combustion process can be cooled down by means of recirculation of exhaust gases, or introduction of cooling medium in the form of water into the combustion chambers can be performed. These processes are utilised in order to reduce the formation of NOx in the combustion process. Another possibility is to reduce the amount of NOx in exhaust gases which already have been formed. One method for reducing the NOx-content occurring in exhaust gases is to reduce NOx in a selective, reducing catalytic converter where reduction of NOx takes place influenced by urea. Accordingly, for this purpose, urea is injected into the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine, whereafter reaction takes place in a reaction chamber. An example of a device for NOx-reduction at a combustion engine is disclosed in WO98/43732, which disclosure is hereby incorporated herein by reference. In order to obtain high efficiency of the injected urea quantity in relation to the amount of NOx present in the exhaust pipe, it is required that the injected urea quantity be mixed thoroughly with the exhaust gases. This is of particular importance, since the time of exposure inside the exhaust pipe is short as a result of the relatively high flow rate through the system. In the device disclosed in the above-mentioned document, urea is injected upstream of a turbine located in the exhaust pipe in order to achieve a thorough mixing of exhaust gases and urea. As a result of the positioning of the injection site upstream of said turbine, the injected urea passes through the entire turbine housing and, accordingly, also in the vicinity of the rotational shaft of the turbine wheel which is mounted in bearings in a housing enclosing said turbine wheel. The rotational shaft is mounted in bearings in a through-hole in the housing. When the urea passes this through-hole, there is a risk of urea penetrating the bearing assembly of the rotational shaft in the housing, since the pressure inside the housing is higher than the ambient pressure. Since urea is very reactive and aggressive, there is a risk of the urea degrading the bearing assembly, and seals and lubricant which are present therein. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a combustion engine in which urea is injected into the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine, where thorough mixing of urea and exhaust gases is provided by means of at least partial passage through a turbine step, and where the risk of bearing assembly, seals and lubricant for a rotational shaft of a turbine wheel included in said turbine step being degraded is reduced. This object is achieved by means of a combustion engine in accordance with the characterising portion of claim 1. By means of arranging an injector for injecting urea into the housing which encloses the turbine wheel included in the turbine step, injection is enabled in such a position that the risk of bearing assembly, seals and lubricant for the rotation axis being degraded is reduced. In a preferred embodiment, said injector is arranged in the chamber which encloses said turbine wheel, preferably downstream of the largest diameter of the turbine wheel. By arranging the injector jet within a region where the static pressure is lower than the static pressure at said through-hole for said rotational shaft, the risk of said through-hole being exposed to urea is reduced even further. Furthermore, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the injector jet is positioned in the turbine housing in a position where a mean flow trajectory does not pass past the through-hole for the turbine shaft. This means that the injector jet can be located upstream the largest diameter of the turbine wheel, and that the static pressure at the injector jet may exceed the static pressure at the through-hole for the turbine shaft, but that there is a high probability that the particle trajectory for the injected urea does not pass past said through-hole, wherein a reduction of the exposure of the through-hole to urea is obtained, and the risk of bearing assembly, seals and lubricant being degraded is reduced. Brief description of the drawings In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail with reference to attached drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a combustion engine according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows an enlargement of the region I in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows a simplified, two-dimensional illustration of the pressure at different positions inside the turbine housing. Detailed description of preferred embodiments Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a combustion engine 1. The combustion engine 1 is preferably constituted by a diesel engine, alternatively a petrol engine, which is adapted to lean operation, a so-called lean-burn engine. An inlet manifold 2 is connected to the combustion engine for air supply to the engine. Furthermore, an exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the outlet ports of the combustion engine 1. The combustion engine 1 is of a conventional type, which is the reason why the remaining components required for the operation of the engine are not described in any greater detail. A turbine housing 4 is connected to the exhaust pipe 3. The connection between the turbine housing 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 can be designed as a flange joint 5 whereby the turbine housing 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 are connected. Accordingly, the turbine housing exhibits an inlet opening 6 and an outlet opening 7 connected to an exhaust pipe. A chamber 8 in which a turbine wheel 9 is arranged is located between the inlet opening 6 and the outlet opening. The turbine wheel 9 is supported by a rotational shaft 10 which extends through a through-hole 11 in the turbine housing 4. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the bearing assembly of the rotational shaft 10 in the through-hole 11 in greater detail. Closest to the orifice of the through-hole 11 into the chamber 8, a sealing member 12, which prevents leakage out from the chamber 8 into the environment, is arranged. In addition to the above-mentioned degradation of lubricant in the bearing assembly of the rotational shaft 10, a leakage in the exhaust pipe also results in power loss, since a loss of pressure occurs in the exhaust pipe without any possibility to recover the energy in the exhaust gases. In a direction towards the orifice of the through- hole 11 into the chamber 8, the sealing member 12 rests against a protrusion 13 arranged in the housing 4. The end of the sealing member facing away from said orifice rests against a spacing member 14, which can be constituted by a portion of a bearing assembly 15. In one embodiment, the bearing assembly is constituted by a conventional plain bearing 15 which is secured by a locking washer 17 arranged in a groove 18. Furthermore, according to the invention, the turbine housing 4 is provided with an orifice 19 of an injector 20 for injecting urea into the turbine housing 4 while the combustion engine 1 is in a predetermined operating condition. In order to verify that the injection is performed in the correct way, according to one embodiment of the invention, said injector 20 is connected to a control unit 21 which via a set of input channels 22 obtains information about relevant vehicle or engine data, such as load, engine speed, engine temperature, etc. The control unit is of a type which is previously known per se, and will therefore not be described in any greater detail. Also the injector 20 is of a type which is previously known per se and, as the one shown in Fig. 1, can comprise a piston 24 arranged inside a cylinder 23. The piston 24 divides said cylinder into a first portion facing an orifice 25 which forms a duct together with a duct of a through-hole located in said turbine housing 4 which terminates in said orifice 19, and a second portion comprising a means 28 for pressurizing the urea contained in said first portion, wherein urea is caused to be injected into the turbine housing 4. Conveniently, said injector 20 is connected to the turbine housing 4 by means of screwing an external thread (not shown) on the injector into a recess having an internal thread located in the turbine housing 4. A supply duct 26, which connects a urea container 27 to said first portion of the cylinder 23, is arranged for supplying urea to said first portion of the cylinder 23. By means of said means 28 for pressurizing the urea in said first portion of the cylinder 23 acting on the piston 24, the piston forces urea into the turbine housing 4. In another embodiment of the invention, said injector 20 is constituted by an on/off -valve which opens and closes an inlet port which leads into the turbine housing 4. A conventional pump can be arranged for pressurizing said urea in order to enable transport into the turbine housing 4. Furthermore, according to the invention, the injector jet is arranged in the turbine housing. In a preferred embodiment, the injector jet is placed in the chamber 8 which encloses the turbine wheel. In another preferred embodiment, the injector jet is placed downstream of the largest diameter of the turbine wheel 9. As a result of this position, passage of urea into the through-hole 11 in the turbine housing 4 for the rotational shaft 10 is made more difficult, wherein degradation of bearing assembly, seals and lubricants placed within the lead-through is reduced. In another preferred embodiment, said injector discharges into said chamber within a region where the static pressure is lower than the static pressure at said through-hole for said rotational shaft. As a result of this position, the exposure of said through-hole to urea is reduced even further. In still another embodiment of the invention, said injector discharges into said housing from a position where a mean flow trajectory does not pass past said through-hole. In this respect, "mean flow trajectory" refers to the trajectory a particle having a certain kinetic energy and direction of movement will exhibit when it is introduced into the exhaust gas flow. Since the flow is turbulent, the trajectory will not be identical in every case. Accordingly, "mean flow trajectory" refers to the trajectory an average of the introduced particles will exhibit. "Passes past the through-hole of the rotational shaft" means that a particle trajectory flows through a boundary layer surrounding the through-hole where the probability of passage through the through-hole into the bearing assembly of the rotational shaft is high. This boundary layer is relatively thin and of the magnitude of 1 - 10 mm. Fig. 3 shows a simplified diagram of the static pressure through the turbine housing. The static pressure p as a function of a transformed longitudinal coordinate z, which has its zero value at the inlet opening 6 of the turbine housing and the value at the outlet opening 7 of the turbine housing. There is of course also a pressure variation in a radial direction of the turbine which, however, is neglected in order to provide a simple illustration of the pressure variation. The static pressure at the through-hole 11 for the rotational shaft 10 is p(z 2 ). The injector jet can be positioned in different positions in the turbine housing, for example in the position z m ι where the static pressure exceeds the static pressure at said through-hole, or in the position z^ where the static pressure is lower than the static pressure at said through-hole. Should the injector jet be positioned in the position z ml , i.e. where the static pressure exceeds the static pressure at said through-hole, the injector is preferably directed downstream, wherein the risk of exposure to urea is reduced at said through-hole. Should the injector jet be positioned far downstream with a very small risk of exposure to urea, such as in the position z m3 , the injector jet can be directed upwards in order to improve the mixing degree of urea and exhaust gas. In this respect, the initial velocity of the injected urea should be adapted in such a way that a mean flow trajectory does not pass past the through-hole 11.

Claims: Claims 1. A combustion engine comprising an exhaust pipe, a turbine housing connected to said exhaust pipe which exhibits an inlet opening, an outlet opening, a chamber located in the turbine housing between said inlet opening and outlet opening in which a turbine wheel is rotatably arranged on a rotational shaft which is mounted in bearings in said housing and extends through a through-hole in said chamber, and an injector for injecting urea while the combustion engine is in a predetermined operating condition into exhaust gases generated by the combustion engine, characterised in that said injector discharges into said turbine housing. 2. A combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that said injector discharges into said chamber. 3. A combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that said injector discharges into said chamber downstream of the largest diameter of the turbine wheel. 4. A combustion engine according to claim 1, characterised in that said injector discharges into said chamber within a region where the static pressure is lower that the static pressure at said through-hole for said rotational shaft. 5. A combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said injector discharges into said housing from a position where a mean flow trajectory does not pass past said through-hole. 6. A combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characteri sed in that said injector discharges into said turbine housing at a position where the static pressure exceeds the static pressure at said through-hole, and said injector is directed downstream, wherein the risk of exposure to urea is reduced at said through-hole. 7. A combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-6, characteri sed in that said injector discharges into said turbine housing at a position where the static pressure is lower than the static pressure at said through-hole, said injector is directed upstream, and where said means for pressurizing urea is intended to give injected urea a kinetic energy lower than a limit value, wherein urea cannot pass past said through-hole. 8. A combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the combustion engine is constituted by a piston engine. 9. A combustion engine according to claim 8, characterised in that the piston engine is constituted by a direct-injection diesel engine. 10. A vehicle comprising a combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-9.

Inventors: ANDERSSON LENNART, HOLMQVIST MATS, MEGAS LUCAS, ZANDER LENNART, ANDERSSON, LENNART, HOLMQVIST, MATS, MEGAS, LUCAS, ZANDER, LENNART
Applicants: ANDERSSON LENNART, HOLMQVIST MATS, MEGAS LUCAS, VOLVO LASTVAGNAR AB, ZANDER LENNART, ANDERSSON, LENNART, HOLMQVIST, MATS, MEGAS, LUCAS, ZANDER, LENNART
Application year: 2001
Main classification: F01N3
IPC codes: B01D53, F01N3, F02B37