Document and method against counterfeiting and forgery of the same

Abstract: A method for customising security documents, particularly banknote, checks and documents representing a value in general. The method is suitable to prevent their forgery and alteration and comprises the steps that consist in superimposing at least two materials (10, 20) having different resistances to laser and being arranged adjacent to each other onto a substrate (30) having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials (10, 20) and treating said superimposed materials (10, 20) with a laser beam which is guided along a preset path in order to modify by sublimation a part of each superimposed material (10, 20) by subjecting it to said laser beam without substantially burning or sublimating said substrate (30).

Description: The present invention relates to a method for the customization of security documents and optionally their numbering, particularly banknotes, checks and documents in general that represent a value, but also identity documents, passports, cards, tickets, security labels or anything else requiring guarantees against forgery. Any document that represents value, particularly banknotes and checks, requires particular measures that are aimed specifically at preventing its counterfeiting and forgery by ill-intentioned individuals. The problem is particularly felt in relation to the counterfeiting of banknotes, for which an ever-higher level of security is required; necessarily, said banknotes must be produced with solutions suitable to make them difficult to reproduce and alter. Nowadays, every banknote has characteristic elements, such as watermarked paper that displays symbols or figures imprinted so that they are visible only if held up to the light, a silver-coated thread that is usually arranged widthwise , holograms and so forth. Each banknote is furthermore characterized by its own serial number. The production of counterfeit banknotes requires knowledge of the process and of the exact chemical and physical elements used by the national mint. Although such production is certainly not easy to implement, the difficulty of the operation is nonetheless insufficient to deter all counterfeiters. Moreover, the situation of forgery or alteration of an original banknote produced with a known method is much more severe. It is in fact relatively simple to alter the serial number of a banknote, and this operation is usually performed to facilitate money laundering. The same problems apply to all value-bearing documents, such as checks, identity documents, tickets and so forth, which are identified by an individual number or code. Even if complete duplication is inconvenient for the counterfeiter, it is in fact never difficult enough to fall back on the alteration of original documents, which makes it virtually impossible to distinguish a forged document from an original one. Document US-6 082 778 A discloses an identity card or similar data carrier having a metal layer which serves as a copy protection element. The card is inscribed with a laser beam so that markings continue from the copy protection element into the card. Document US-4234214 A discloses laser inscription by removal of ink from adjacent, differently coloured ink marks on a document. The aim of the present invention is to overcome the above described limitations, illustrating a method that allows to improve the current level of security applied to value-bearing documents. Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to make it extremely difficult not only to produce counterfeits but also to forge a valid document. Another object of the present invention is to allow easier and certain identification of a forged document. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating value-bearing documents that is simple to provide and modest in cost. This aim, these objects and others that will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a method against counterfeiting and forgery of documents particularly banknote and documents representing money, comprising the steps that consist in: superimposing at least two materials having different resistances to laser and being arranged adjacent to each other onto a substrate having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials; treating said superimposed materials with a laser beam which is guided along a preset path in order to modify by sublimation a part of each superimposed material by subjecting it to said laser beam without substantially burning or sublimating said substrate. The aim, the objects and others are also be achieved by a document numbered or customized against forgery and counterfeiting particularly a banknote or a document representing money, comprising: at least two materials having different resistances to laser, being arranged adjacent to each other and being superimposed onto a substrate having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials; said superimposed materials incorporating a scribing formed by treatment with a laser beam along a preset path, wherein a part of each superimposed material subjected to said laser beam is sublimated and said substrate is substantially not burned or sublimated by said laser beam. Advantageously, the energy of the laser beam remains substantially constant during the scribing of the materials by sublimation or burning, the amount of removed material depending on the resistance to laser of said materials. Conveniently, the movement of the laser beam along the preset path scribes the materials that it encounters, forming an alphanumeric symbol or a graphic symbol. Another aspect of the invention is a document numbered or customised against forgery and counterfeiting comprising a plurality of materials that are arranged adjacent to each other and have different resistances to laser and at least one of said materials bears scribing produced by means of a laser beam. Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, given by way of non-limitative example and illustrated in the accompanying figures, wherein: Figure 1 is a schematic view of the line left by a laser beam with substantially constant energy, moved along a straight line that intersects three materials 10, 20, 30 having different resistance and arranged mutually adjacent; Figure 2 is a schematic view of the line left by a laser beam moved along a path that is suitable to form an alphanumeric string and intersects two materials having different resistance arranged adjacent to each other and superimposed on a third material that has a greater resistance than the first two; Figure 3 is a view of a banknote provided with a serial number, a silver coated thread and a logo produced according to an embodiment of the teachings of the inventive method according to the present invention. Figure 1 illustrates the line left by a laser beam 5 emitted at substantially constant energy and moved along a straight path that intersects three materials 10, 20, 30 having different resistance to laser and arranged adjacent to each other. The laser allows to remove, displace or modify optically, chemically and physically the materials encountered along its path of motion, scribing the treated material, particularly by sublimation or burning of the par exposed to the beam. The laser used can be of any kind according to the requirements and the materials that are treated. Merely by way of example, the present description refers to a laser of the YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) type having the following characteristics: Wavelength λ between 1060 and 1070 nm, preferably 1061 nm; Beam quality factor <1.1 (SM); Spot diameter substantially 40 µm; Depth of focus ±0.3 mm; Positioning speed substantially 20 m/s; Nonlinearity <=0.05%; Zero drift substantially 4 µm/°C; Gain drift -60 ppm/°C. The laser apparatus can be provided by means of a scanning head located remotely with respect to the laser source by means of a flexible optical fiber with an average length of 5 meters, so as to allow to mount multiple scanning heads side by side while maintaining the possibility to use each laser independently. The emission of the laser beam 5 is preferably continuous and not pulsed, so as to have graphic lines and markings entirely without discontinuities. Finally, due to cost-related reasons, the cooling of the system is preferably performed by forced air, so as to minimize the maintenance required. With reference to Figure 1, the operation of the method according to the present invention is as follows. Multiple materials 10, 20, 30 having different resistance are arranged in adjacent positions and are subjected to a laser beam emitted with substantially constant energy. The laser beam is absorbed differently according to the material that is treated. The same laser beam, projected onto materials having different resistance, accordingly produces scribing of different extents. More specifically, one obtains a variation in the width of the line 11, 21, 31 that is scribed by sublimation or burning, owing to the different absorption of energy on the part of the respective materials 10, 20, 30. It is noted that the extent of the scribing is inversely proportional to the resistance of the material. For example, the three materials 10, 20, 30 shown schematically in Figure 1 have increasing resistances. The material 10 has the lowest resistance, the material 20 has a higher resistance than the material 10, and the material 30 has a higher resistance than both. The line 11 produced in the material 10 is therefore thicker than the line 21 produced by the same laser beam 5 in the material 20, and the line 21 is in turn thicker than the line 31 produced in the material 30. With reference now to Figure 2, a particularly advantageous configuration is achieved by arranging adjacent to each other two materials 10, 20 having different resistances and by superimposing them on a third material with high resistance to laser, which acts as a substrate 32 for the first two and which is not substantially burnt or sublimated by the laser. By moving the laser head along a preset path so as to scribe the materials 10 and 20, one obtains a variation of the scribed line that is the result of the energy absorption caused by the difference of the materials involved. In particular, by composing a product having multiple layers from bottom to top with materials that are progressively more resistant, one obtains a line with well-defined contours that is perfectly in register and whose width variation remains a function of the absorbed energy. In this manner, it becomes possible to obtain unique graphic markings that are linked univocally to the substrate and depend on registration precision, which is different according to the various known printing or deposition methods used to deposit the materials and according to the characteristics of the materials themselves. The aim of the invention is perfectly achieved when at least two materials are coupled so that they are adjacent, so that the graphic marking or numbering, produced by the laser beam, univocally characterizes the two materials and in particular their joining points, making them highly resistant to counterfeiting and duplication. For example, Figure 3 illustrates a banknote 50 featuring elements produced according to the inventive method to which the present invention relates. The banknote is characterized by a serial number 70 that is printed on its lower left side. A first layer of material 30, 32 having high resistance to laser and a second layer composed of two materials 10 and 20 having different resistances are deposited on the lower right side. The serial number 70 is laser-scribed in this region as well, and covers at least two of the coupled materials, thus producing lines of writing of different width, with sudden changes in the points of contact between the coupled materials. The figure also illustrates by way of example, a silver-coated strip 55, on which the same serial number 70 is provided, and a logo 60, both of which are also scribed according to the described method. It has been found that by using a laser apparatus having the characteristics described above by way of nonexclusive example it is possible to provide incremental numbering on a production line advancing at 150 m/min with a production rate of 10 alphanumeric characters with a height of 1 mm with a dynamic error of <0.1 mm in a time equal to 0.03 s (330 ch/s). The materials on which the laser beam can act are many and comprise, in particular, the materials used to produce distinctive security elements such as for example: products linked to the holographic system, such as optically variable devices (OVDs), diffractive optically variable image devices (DOVIDs), holograms, Pixelgrams, dot matrices, kinegrams, Gyrograms, Movigrams produced by embossing various materials such as acrylic or vinyl or nitrocellulose lacquers or metallic pigments desposited with the various printing or transfer techniques or metallized with a vacuum process and subjected to a subsequent vacuum metallization process with aluminium or copper or in any case with materials that are reflective and therefore reflect the holographic image; inks marketed under the trademark OVI™ (optically variable inks) and printed, deposited or transferred; inks of the color-shifting type, printed, deposited or transferred; iridescent shifting inks, printed, deposited or transferred; inks with magnetic properties, printed, deposited or transferred; plastic and paper-like materials on which metal and/or oxides have been deposited, inserted, incorporated, printed or coupled in continuous or discontinuous form, even with infinitesimal thicknesses; Security threads formed by one or more layers with widths from 0.3 to 1.0 mm, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics for example holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or in any case with part of said materials present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the paper substrate and/or plastic substrate; strips with widths from 1 to 50 mm or in any case documents fully or partially made of plastic, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics, for example holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or in any case with part of said materials present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the paper substrate and/or plastic substrate; security seals having various geometric shapes, for example with a diameter of approximately 1 mm to 50/60 mm, provided with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics, for example holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or in any case with part of said materials present in any geometric form and applied, embedded, inserted fully or partially in the paper substrate and/or plastic substrate. It is evident that a customization system of this type has many fields of application and use. By way of example, a few macroareas in which the present invention is applied are presented, considering in particular the field of banknotes: in any banknote, the described method allows to provide a graphic marking and/or a numbering code produced by removing or changing the wavelength, in the visual spectrum and in the near-ultraviolet range or in the near-infrared range, metallic materials applied with a vacuum metallization technique, pigments and/or inks deposited with an intaglio printing and/or screen printing and/or typographic and/or lithographic method et cetera, with a hot transfer or self-adhesive method or otherwise applied in any way to the banknote. The graphic markings and the numbering codes can be produced with alphanumeric characters, optionally alternated with graphic markings provided in positive or negative form. The graphic markings and the numbering acquire greater value when they are provided on at least one of the distinct elements arranged so that they overlap or are mutually adjacent. It is straightforward to check the achieved congruousness, since in order to be able to forge or counterfeit such a graphic marking or numbering code the counterfeiter must have at his disposal not only the device used or scribing the materials, i.e. the laser, but also the individual components; the graphic markings and the numbering provided, in view of the width of the spot, become more secure as the extent of the parts of the pattern that cross the various deposited materials increases, thus significantly raising the level of security of a banknote. The provision of the invention can occur directly at the printing facility of the national banknote printing institute during the numbering of the banknote, even simultaneously with the conventional numbering step, since the laser device allows much higher operating speeds than current mechanical numbering devices. It is also evident that a system of this type can replace numbering performed in the conventional manner, i.e. fully replace mechanical numbering devices, with all the advantages of a laser-based numbering system over mechanical numbering. For example, by mounting six laser heads, one for each row of banknotes, one can obtain uncut sheets of banknotes to which holograms in positioned form or in continuous form are applied, said holograms bearing the same number as the banknote. A second application of the inventive method according to the invention allows to provide a security thread that features a graphic marking, an inscription or a numbering provided by removing or changing the wavelength, in the visual spectrum or in the near-ultraviolet range or in the near-infrared range, of metallic materials applied with a conventional vacuum metallization method, pigments and/or inks deposited with a rotogravure, screen-printing, typograhic, lithographic, flexo technique, spread or otherwise printed even with a hot transfer or self-adhesive method or otherwise applied to provide a security thread. The security thread can be incorporated or inserted fully or partially in the paper substrate 50 or applied thereon. In this case also, the graphic markings and the numbering that are provided can be inserted by the thread manufacturer during the cutting of the thread or during rereeling. A third application consists in providing a security strip, for example of the type featuring a graphic marking, an inscription or numbering provided by removing or changing the wavelength, in the visual spectrum or in the near-ultraviolet range or in the near-infrared range, of metallic materials applied with a vacuum metallization method, pigments and/or inks deposited with a rotogravure, screen-printing, flexo technique, spread or printed even with a hot transfer or self-adhesive method or otherwise applied to provide a security strip. In this case also, the graphic markings and the numbering codes can be provided by the ribbon manufacturer during the various steps of production. Considering the field of documents in general, such as for example the field of checks, tickets, seals and security labels, in the case of checks one finds that the numbering provided according to the described method by removal or modification in an irreversible manner in the visual spectrum or in the near-ultraviolet or near-infrared range, particularly by intervention on at least two coupled materials, increases considerably the level of security against forgery of the document. Similar considerations also apply to tickets, since it is virtually impossible to replace or modify the numbering or the code scribed recording to the described method, since the lettering must be modified by removing material by burning or sublimation and inserting new material. This operation is rendered even more difficult by the use of the above described materials, which are high-security products. With this system, security seals and labels also can increase considerably their degree of security, since the method lends itself to be used together with systems of the tamper-evident type. It has thus been shown that the present device achieves the proposed aim and objects. In particular, a method has been described that is capable of making it extremely difficult to forge and counterfeit value-bearing documents, particularly banknotes by treating known materials with a laser beam. Clearly, numerous modifications are evident and can be promptly applied by the person skilled in the art without abandoning the scope of the protection of the present invention. For example, it is clear that the type of material used can be any, so long as it is sensitive to laser, and that likewise the documents that can be characterized by virtue of the described method can be any.

Claims: A method against counterfeiting and forgery of documents particularly banknotes and documents representing money, comprising the steps that consist in: superimposing at least two materials (10, 20) having different resistances to laser and being arranged adjacent to each other onto a substrate (32) having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials (10, 20); treating said superimposed materials (10, 20) with a laser beam which is guided along a preset path in order to modify by sublimation a part of each superimposed material (10, 20) by subjecting it to said laser beam without substantially burning or sublimating said substrate (32). The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) is selected from a holographic device such as an Optically Variable Device (OVD), a Diffractive Optically Image Device (DOVID), a hologram, a pixelgram, a dot matrix, a kinegram, a gyrogram, a movigram produced by embossing various materials such as acrylic or vinyl or nitrocellulose lacquers or metallic pigments deposited with the various printing or transfer techniques or metallized with a vacuum process and subjected to a subsequent vacuum metallization process with aluminium or copper or a material that is reflective and therefore reflect the holographic image. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) is selected from an ink of the color-shifting type, printed, deposited or transferred; an iridescent shifting ink, printed, deposited or transferred; and an ink with magnetic properties, printed, deposited or transferred. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said substrate (32) is selected from a paper-like material or a plastic material in which metal and/or oxides are deposited, inserted, incorporated, printed or coupled in continuous or discontinuous form even with infinitesimal thicknesses as said superimposed materials (10, 20). The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) is selected from a security thread formed by one or more layers with widths from 0.3 to 1.0 mm, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said materials (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) is selected from a strip with widths from 1 to 50 mm fully or partially made of plastic, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said material (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) is selected from a security seal having various geometric shapes such as with a diameter of approximately 1 mm to 50/60 mm, provided with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said material (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, embedded, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said laser beam is emitted with a substantially constant energy. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said path passes through at least one point of contact between at least two of said superimposed materials (10, 20). The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said preset path forms at least one of the following: an alphanumeric symbol; a graphic symbol. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said documents are selected from the group that comprises: banknotes, checks, tickets, cards, identity documents, security labels. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said step of superimposing is a step of superimposing three materials (10, 20, 30) having different resistances to laser and being arranged adjacent to each other onto a substrate having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials (10, 20, 30). A Document numbered or customized against forgery and counterfeiting particularly a banknote or a document representing money, comprising: at least two materials (10, 20) having different resistances to laser, being arranged adjacent to each other and being superimposed onto a substrate (32) having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials (10, 20); said superimposed materials (10, 20) incorporating a scribing formed by treatment with a laser beam along a preset path, wherein a part of each superimposed material (10, 20) subjected to said laser beam is sublimated and said substrate (32) is substantially not burned or sublimated by said laser beam. The document according to claim 13, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) comprises a holographic device such as an Optically Variable Device (OVD), a Diffractive Optically Image Device (DOVID), a hologram, a pixelgram, a dot matrix, a kinegram, a gyrogram, a movigram produced by embossing various materials such as acrylic or vinyl or nitrocellulose lacquers or metallic pigments desposited with the various printing or transfer techniques or metallized with a vacuum process and subjected to a subsequent vacuum metallization process with aluminium or copper or a material that is reflective and therefore reflect the holographic image. The document according to claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) comprises an ink of the color-shifting type, printed, deposited or transferred; an iridescent shifting ink, printed, deposited or transferred; or an ink with magnetic properties, printed, deposited or transferred. The document according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that said substrate (32) comprises a paper-like material or a plastic material in which metal and/or oxides are deposited, inserted, incorporated, printed or coupled in continuous or discontinuous form even with infinitesimal thicknesses as said superimposed materials (10, 20). The document according to claim 13 to 16, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) comprises a security thread formed by one or more layers with widths from 0.3 to 1.0 mm, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said materials (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The document according to claim 13 to 17, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) comprises a strip with widths from 1 to 50 mm fully or partially made of plastic, produced with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said material (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, incorporated, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The document according to claim 13 to 18, characterized in that one of said superimposed materials (10, 20) comprises a security seal having various geometric shapes such as with a diameter of approximately 1 mm to 50/60 mm, provided with metallic and/or magnetic and/or optical characteristics such as holographic ones, in continuous or discontinuous form or with part of said material (10, 20) present in any geometric form and applied, embedded, inserted fully or partially in the substrate (32) made of paper and/or plastic. The document according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that said superimposed materials (10, 20) are treated by said laser beam emitting a substantially constant energy. The document according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that said scribing represents at least one of the following: an alphanumeric symbol; a graphic symbol. The document according to any one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that said document is a banknote, a check, a ticket, a card, an identity document or a security label. The document according to any one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that said at least two materials (10, 20) are three materials (10, 20, 30) having different resistances to laser, being arranged adjacent to each other and being superimposed onto a substrate having a higher resistance to laser than each of the superimposed materials (10, 20, 30).

Inventors: LAZZERINI MAURIZIO, LAZZERINI, MAURIZIO
Applicants: MANTEGAZZA A ARTI GRAFICI, MANTEGAZZA ANTONIO ARTI GRAFICHE S.R.L.
Application year: 2001
Main classification: G07D7
IPC codes: G07F7, G07D7, B42D15