Motor vehicle engine with oil filter housing

Abstract: A motor vehicle engine has an oil filter housing (4) mounted tilted forward to be accessible for manual oil filter replacement. In a frontal collision, horizontal impact of the grill will force the oil filter to pivot about its single mounting screw (6) to an upright position (4') in which it is relatively protected by surrounding components (3, 15) as the crash crumple process progresses, to prevent breakage and leakage of oil. The mounting is also arranged to cut off oil flow to said housing and/or shunt oil directly from the housing to the engine sump when in its retracted position.

Description: The present invention relates to a motor vehicle engine having an oil filter housing pivotally mounted externally of said engine. For ease of changing the oil filter, the oil filter housing is built outside the engine and has a cover which can be screwed off to enable the oil filter thereinside to be replaced when the filter becomes clogged and less effective. At least part of the oil filter housing must be obliquely mounted protruding away from the engine and its manifolds, generator, starter etc. so that its cover can be gripped, unscrewed and removed for replacement of the oil filter. A protected vertical disposition of the oil filter, surrounded by other engine components such as the exhaust manifold, generator etc., is impossible if the oil filter is to be accessible. But in a collision, when the crumpling front end of the car impacts horizontally against the engine, the obliquely mounted, protruding oil filter housing may easily be broken off, spilling not only the oil in the filter, but allowing the pressure generated during ordinary operation by the oil circulation pump to force oil out of the broken conduit from the oil sump and spilling into the engine compartment or into the environment. One solution to this problem is to mount the oil filter housing in a protected location, beside the engine block, preferably just beneath the exhaust or intake manifold. This is the solution described in EP 269 054, wherein the oil filter housing is mounted for operation under the manifold in vertical position. In this position it is not possible to access the holder for replacing the filter. For filter replacement, the holder is made pivotable, and after releasing anchoring screws the oil filter holder can be tilted out and the cover can be unscrewed and the filter replaced. The solution of EP 269 054 requires the screw anchors to be removed, and the oil filter housing to be tilted out every time the oil filter is to be changed. In developing the present invention it was realized that the same protective positioning in a collision could be achieved while still retaining the ease of access for oil filter replacement which the tilted-out disposition affords, by making oil filter housing pivotable between an accessible normal operating position, tilted-out relative to the engine and a relatively protected crash-induced retracted position, typically under the exhaust or intake manifold and, for a transverse engine, between protruding engine components mounted laterally relative to the engine. The impact of the crash and the crumpling of the car will tilt the oil filter into its crash protected position without breaking it off. The oil filter housing is suitably disposed so that substantially horizontal crash forces impacting on the normally obliquely mounted (tilted-out) oil filter housing will pivot it up to a crash protected vertical position, without the housing or its conduits being broken. The invention will suitably be applied to an oil filter housing mounted on the side of a transverse engine, or at the end of a longitudinal engine, i.e. preferably between the engine block and the front grill of the vehicle. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inflow conduit for pumping oil into the housing during normal operation is disposed coaxially to the pivot axis of the housing. According to further advantageous embodiments of the invention the inflow to and the outflow from the oil filter housing can be arranged through its pivotal mounting in such a way that the inflow and/or outflow is cut off when the oil filter housing is forced up to its retracted position by the impact of a crash, thereby providing fail-safe protection against oil leakage. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the normal oil outflow conduit to the engine gallery is arranged, when the oil filter housing is forced to its upright position in a crash, to be in communication to the shunt conduit to the engine sump, thereby rapidly draining the housing of oil to the sump. The invention will now be described with reference to a number of nonlimiting examples, illustrated in the accompanying figures of which, Fig. 1(a) shows partially in cross section a transverse engine with an oil filter housing mounted in accordance with the invention, Fig. 1(b) shows, on a larger scale without the oil filter housing, one embodiment of the pivotal mounting of the oil filter housing of Fig. 1(a), Fig. 1(c) shows another embodiment of the pivotal mounting for shunting oil to the sump, Fig. 2 shows purely schematically in a sectional view the arrangement of the oil filter housing and the mounting with conduits, Fig. 3 shows another embodiment with the oil filter housing mounted at the front end of a longitudinally mounted engine, and Fig. 4 shows in partially cut-away view a further embodiment where the oil filter housing is mounted adjacent to an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) unit. Fig. 1(a) shows in cross section approximately one half of an engine block 1 with an oil filter housing 4 mounted thereon. In its normal mounted position, the oil filter housing is tilted out slightly from the motor, making it accessible for manual removal of the cap and replacement of the oil filter. The oil filter housing 4 is mounted securely in place with a single hollow bolt 6, which also serves as an inflow conduit for oil being pumped into the oil filter housing from the sump. As can be seen in Fig. 1(b), which shows the mounting 5 of the oil filter housing without the oil filter, there is an oil inlet 6, surrounded by a gasket 11, for oil coming under pressure to the oil filter housing from a pump (not shown) in the engine oil sump 2. The oil outlet 8 from the oil filter housing leads to the various parts of the engine. A second gasket 10 seals against the oil filter housing 4. There is also an oil shunt 7 to the sump the normal function of which is most clearly shown in Fig. 2. Referring to Fig. 2, which shows a sectional view, showing purely schematically, the coupling configuration in the normal operating pre-crash position for of all the embodiments of the oil filter housing according to the present invention. There is shown in Fig. 2 the entire oil filter housing 4 containing the oil filter 15 and closed with a screw cap 14. During normal engine operation oil flows from the pump in the engine sump through the hollow bolt 6 into the housing itself, passes through the filter and exits through the outlet 8 to the various points of lubrication in the engine. When the oil filter is to be manually replaced, the cap 14 is unscrewed and lifted off whereupon a central pin on the cap is removed from a spring valve 16, which then opens up, in a manner known per se, communication between the oil filter housing and the shunt outlet 7, thereby draining the oil rapidly back to the engine sump. This prevent spillage of oil when the filter is replaced. Returning to Fig. 1(b), the positions of the shunt conduit and the oil outlet to the engine gallery, when the oil filter is in its normal tilted-out disposition are labeled 7 and 8 respectively. The intended positions of the oil shunt outlet and engine gallery outlet after a frontal collision, as a result of which the oil filter housing is pivoted up to its upright position, are indicated by dashed lines and are labeled 7' and 8' respectively. In this embodiment it can be seen that there will be almost no communication between the oil filter housing and the engine gallery and shunt outlets. A similar mounting configuration is shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1 (c), in which components corresponding to those in the embodiment of Fig. 1(b) have been given the same reference numerals. In the embodiment of Fig. 1(c) however the gallery outlet 8 and the shunt outlet 7 are arranged closer to each other than in the previous embodiment. In a crash, when the oil filter housing is forced to its upright position, the position of the oil filter gallery outlet 8' will overlap the shunt outlet 7, thereby rapidly draining oil from the oil filter housing directly to the engine sump, which can be advantageous should there be a leak in the oil filter housing because of the crash. In a transverse engine as shown in Fig. 1(a) the oil filter 4 is mounted tilted forward towards the grill of the vehicle, making it accessible for easy manual replacement of the oil filter, but at the same time vulnerable to impact if there is a frontal collision. In such a frontal collision the grill of the vehicle, as the front of the vehicle crumples, will typically first strike the protruding upper end of the oil filter 4 and press it inwards, pivoting it around the mounting screw 6 (which also serves as an oil inlet) until it reaches its retracted position 4' in which the oil filter is nestled amongst the exterior engine components such as the intake manifold 3 and the generator 15. At this stage, the crash impact will be taken up by these surrounding components as well, thereby hopefully avoiding major damage to the oil filter housing and spillage of oil. The invention thus provides both accessibility and crash protection for the oil filter housing. It is possible in an optional embodiment to provide, by a suitable arrangement of the hollow bolt 6, an automatic cut-off of the oil supply from the sump pump when the oil filter housing is forced into its retracted position, as a further safeguard against the situation in a crash where pump pressure may force oil into a leaking or broken oil circuit. The invention is equally applicable to a longitudinal engine as is illustrated in the embodiment of Fig. 3, in which corresponding items have been given the same reference numerals as in the embodiments of Figs 1(a),(b) &(c). In Fig. 3 we see the oil filter 4 accessibly obliquely mounted at the front end of the engine. Frontal horizontal impact in a crash will forcibly pivot the housing to an upright protected position in which the further impact in the crumple zone is absorbed by the surrounding engine components as well. Fig. 4 shows a transverse engine configuration similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1(a),(b) & (c). In this case, the oil filter housing 4 is shown in its tilted-out accessible mounting position coupled to an oil cooler unit 13. The oil filter housing is mounted adjacent to an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) unit 12. When forced to its upright position in a crash, the oil filter housing will be relatively protected by the ISG unit and its gear set housing 14.

Claims: Motor vehicle engine having an oil filter housing pivotally mounted externally of said engine (1), characterized in that said oil filter housing is pivotable between an accessible normal operating position (4), tilted-out relative to the engine and a relatively protected crash-induced retracted position (4'). Motor vehicle engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that said relatively protected retracted position (4') is a substantially vertical position inducible by substantially horizontal crash forces impacting on said oil filter housing in its normal tilted-out operating position (4). Motor vehicle engine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a transverse engine with the oil filter housing mounted on one side of the engine. Motor vehicle engine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a longitudinal engine with the oil filter housing mounted at one end thereof. Motor vehicle engine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized by an oil drainage shunt conduit (7) adapted for draining oil from the oil filter housing directly to the engine oil sump (2). Motor vehicle engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an oil inflow conduit (6) is arranged coaxial to the pivot axis of said oil filter housing (4). Motor vehicle engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting of the oil filter housing is disposed to cut off oil flow to said oil filter housing when the housing is pivoted to its retracted position. Motor vehicle engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting (5) of the oil filter housing is disposed to cut off oil flow from said oil filter housing when the housing is pivoted to its retracted position (4'). Motor vehicle engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting (5) of the oil filter housing is disposed open oil flow from said oil filter housing via said oil drainage shunt conduit (7) to the engine oil sump (2) when the housing is pivoted to its retracted position (4').

Inventors: SAELLSTROEM GOERAN, TAYLOR BRIAN, SAELLSTROEM, GOERAN, TAYLOR, BRIAN, Sällström, Göran
Applicants: FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC, FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Application year: 2001
Main classification: F01M13
IPC codes: F01M11, B01D35