Lamp for automobile

Abstract: A light source valve 2 is disposed on a non-effective reflecting surface 13 of a reflector 1, and a movable shade 3 is disposed around the light source valve 2 such that the movable shade 3 can rotate between a first position and a second position. The non-effective reflecting surface 13 of the reflector 1 is provided with a first reflecting surface 11 for forming a low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP and a second reflecting surface for forming a high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP.

Description: The present invention relates to an automobile lamp according to the preamble of the independent claim 1. In the present specification and drawings, a symbol "L" means "left side" as viewed from a driver's side, a symbol "R" means "right side" as viewed from the driver's side, a symbol "U" means "up side" as viewed from the driver's side, a symbol "D" means "down side" as viewed from the driver's side, a symbol "F" means "front side" as viewed from the driver's side, and a symbol "B" means "back side" as viewed from the driver's side. Symbols "HL-HR" and "HR-HL" mean "horizontal axis" which is horizontal with respect to an optical axis of a head lamp for the automobile or "horizontal axis" of light distribution pattern. A symbol "VU-VD" means "vertical axis" which is vertical with respect to an optical axis of the head lamp for the automobile or "vertical axis" of light distribution pattern. A symbol "ZF-ZB" means a direction of travel of the automobile which is in parallel to the optical axis of the head lamp for the automobile. According to the research of the present inventors, as shown in Fig. 1, automobile head lamps 100 are generally mounted to left and right sides of front portions of an automobile 300, e.g., on front bumper sides separately from automobile head lamps 200. The automobile head lamps 100 light up when a blinker switch is ON and a steering wheel is being operated, a light distribution pattern BP for bend beam shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is obtained, and left and right sides of the automobile with respect to a direction of straight traveling of the automobile are illuminated. That is, as shown in Fig. 2, a light distribution pattern BP for bend beam is synthesized with right side of a light distribution pattern LP for low beam (dipped-beam) obtained by the automobile head lamp 200, and the right side of the automobile is illuminated. Further, as shown in Fig. 3, the light distribution pattern BP for bend beam is synthesized with right side of a light distribution pattern HP for high beam (traveling beam) obtained by the automobile head lamp 200, and the right side of the automobile is illuminated. Although it is not illustrated in the drawings, when the blinker switch is ON leftward and the steering wheel is operated leftward, the bend beam light distribution pattern BP is synthesized with the left side of the low beam light distribution pattern LP and the high beam light distribution pattern HP, and the left side of the automobile is illuminated. The light distribution patterns LP and HP shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are those under the keep to the left traffic, and under the keep to the right traffic, the light distribution patterns LP and HP are reversed left to right. However, since the above-described conventional automobile bend lamps 100 are mounted to the automobile 300 separately from the automobile head lamps 200, there are following problems: That is, special space for mounting the automobile bend lamp to the vehicle body is required, and this limits the design of the automobile. If the vehicle type differs, positions for mounting the automobile bend lamp 100 to the vehicle body differs. The bend beam light distribution pattern BP and the low beam light distribution pattern LP are not easily synthesized due to variation in mounting precision. For example, the bend beam should basically be located on the right side (or left side) of the low beam light distribution pattern LP as shown with dotted line in Fig. 2, but the bend beam light distribution pattern BP may be located at a position lower to the basic position in some cases. In such a case, the mounting position of the automobile bend lamp 100 is adjusted to obtain desired light distribution patterns LP and BP. Further, at the time of the automobile 300's medium speed or high speed running, it is necessary to visually check far sight. Therefore, it is preferable to synthesize an auxiliary hot zone HZ' (shown with broken line) with left and right sides of a hot zone HZ (shown with solid line) of the high beam light distribution pattern HP as shown in Fig. 3. However, since the bend beam light distribution pattern BP is located on the right side (or left wide) of the high beam light distribution pattern HP, the bend beam light distribution pattern BP for illuminating left or right side with respect to the direction of travel of the automobile 300 is visually obtrusive on the contrary at the time of medium speed or high speed running. From US 5,988,837 an automobile lamp as indicated above is known and, accordingly, in particular a method of adjusting a vehicle headlight during cornering and a headlight unit for generating a cornering light are shown, wherein the vehicle headlight unit comprises a reflector with three different light reflection regions and two lamps with different light distribution patterns. Thus, the different light distribution patterns have been superimposed and brightness thereof has been regulated as a function of cornering. WO 97/02666 discloses a vehicular headlight for selectively emitting a high beam or a low beam, wherein the vehicular headlight comprises a main reflector and at least one auxiliary reflector, so that the high beam of the low beam could be selected dependent on a position of the auxiliary reflector with regard to the main reflector. Thereupon, it is an objective of the present invention to improve an automobile lamp as indicated above so as to be capable to easily synthesize of desired light distribution pattern, and to obtain excellent bend light distribution pattern at the time of medium speed or high speed running. This objective is solved according to the present invention by an automobile lamp comprising a reflector for forming a light distribution pattern by reflecting light from a light source; an effective reflecting surface provided on said reflector for forming at least one of a low beam light distribution pattern and a high beam light distribution pattern, and a light source valve disposed on said reflector, wherein it is provided a non-effective reflecting surface provided on said reflector for forming at least one of a low bend beam light distribution pattern and a high bend beam light distribution pattern, and wherein said light source valve is disposed on a side of said non-effective reflecting surface; a movable shade disposed around said light source valve and adapted to be moved between a first position and a second position; driving means for moving said movable shade between said first position and said second position; a first reflecting surface provided on said non-effective reflecting surface of said reflector for forming said low bend beam light distribution pattern with light from said light source valve when said movable shade moves to said first position, and a second reflecting surface provided on said non-effective reflecting surface of said reflector for forming said high bend beam light distribution pattern with light from said light source valve when said movable shade moves to said second position. Since the automobile bend lamp of the present invention is mounted to the reflector of the automobile head lamp, special space for mounting the bend lamp to the vehicle body is unnecessary, and the problem of limitation of the design of the automobile is solved. In the case of the automobile bend lamp in the automobile lamp of the invention, even if the type of vehicle differs, a desired light distribution pattern can easily be obtained with out variation in mounting precision by mounting the automobile bend lamp to the reflector of the automobile head lamp. The automobile lamp of the invention can obtain the excellent spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP at the time of medium speed running by the second reflecting surface. Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are laid down in the further subclaims. In the following, the present invention is explained in greater detail by means of several embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an automobile to which automobile bend lamps and automobile head lamps are mounted; Fig. 2 is an explanatory view for showing a conventional screen image in which a low bend beam light distribution pattern and a low beam light distribution pattern are synthesized; Fig. 3 is an explanatory view for showing a conventional screen image in which a high bend beam light distribution pattern and a high beam light distribution pattern are synthesized; Fig. 4 is a front view of an essential portion (reflector) showing an embodiment of the automobile lamp; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along a line II-II in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along a line III-III in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a frontal explanatory view of the reflector showing a portion that is light-shielded by a cut line stripe of an effective reflection surface and a charge lamp; Fig. 8 is a frontal explanatory view of the reflector showing a main reflecting surface and a non-main reflecting surface; Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional explanatory view of the reflector showing a state in which a first reflecting surface is provided utilizing an inner rising wall of the automobile lamp among reflectors; Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional explanatory view of the reflector showing a relative positional relation between a traveling direction of the automobile and optical axes of the first and second reflecting surfaces; Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional explanatory view of the reflector showing a relative positional relation between the traveling direction of the automobile and filament axis of a light source valve; Fig. 12 is an explanatory view showing a reflection image of the filament obtained by the first reflecting surface with a screen image; Fig. 13 is an explanatory view showing a reflection image of the filament obtained by the second reflecting surface with a screen image; Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional explanatory view of the reflector showing a state in which the first reflecting surface is radiated with light from the light source valve with respect to a first position of a movable shade; Fig. 15 is an explanatory view showing, with a screen image, a state in which a low bend beam light distribution pattern emitted from the first reflecting surface and a low beam light distribution pattern are synthesized; Fig. 16A is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of low beam, Fig. 16B is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of low bend beam, and Fig. 16C is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of a state in which the low beam and low bend beam are synthesized; Fig. 17 is a transverse sectional explanatory view of the reflector showing a state in which the second reflecting surface is radiated with light from the light source valve with respect to a second position of a movable shade; Fig. 18 is an explanatory view showing, with a screen image, a state in which a high bend beam light distribution pattern emitted from the second reflecting surface and a high beam light distribution pattern are synthesized; and Fig. 19A is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of high beam, Fig. 19B is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of high bend beam, and Fig. 19C is a diagram showing curved lines of illumination of a state in which the high beam and high bend beam are synthesized. An embodiment of an automobile lamp of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs. 4 to 19. In the drawings, the same symbols as those used in Figs. 1 to 3 designate the same members. This embodiment is used for a keep to the left traffic, but under the keep to the right traffic, the embodiment is reversed left to right. In this embodiment, members are mounted to on the right side of the front portion of the automobile, and members mounted on the left side are symmetrical with those mounted to the right side. In the drawings, a symbol 1 represents a reflector of an automobile head lamp. The automobile head lamp in this embodiment is a "front lamp" of JP 01-50875 A (not Prior Art) for example, and is a double-lamp type head lamp using a discharge lamp (high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp, high illumination discharge lamp (HID) or the like such as metal halide lamp) as a light source valve. As shown in Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 8, the reflector 1 includes an effective reflecting surface 10 forming a low beam light distribution pattern LP and a high beam light distribution pattern HP, and a non-effective reflecting surface 13 which is not used. The effective reflecting surface 10 is formed on substantially upper half of the reflector 1, and comprises a compound reflection surface for controlling the light distribution patterns LP and HP. Details of the compound reflecting surface are described in JP 09-306220 A. The non-effective reflecting surface 13 is formed on substantially lower half of the reflector 1. As shown in Fig. 5, a central partition wall 19 is integrally formed between the effective reflecting surface 10 and the non-effective reflecting surface 13. The reflector 1 is disposed in a lamp chamber (not shown) partitioned by a lamp housing (not shown) and a front lens (not shown) of the automobile head lamp, and is mounted to the lamp housing through an optical axis adjusting mechanism (not shown) such that the optical axis can be adjusted in the vertical and lateral directions. The reflector 1 is provided at its substantially central portion with a circle through hole 14. A discharge lamp (not shown) is inserted through the through hole 14, and this discharge lamp is detachable mounted to the reflector 1. The non-effective reflecting surface 13 of the reflector 1 is formed in a range comprising portions 130 (shaded areas in Fig. 7) which are light-shielded by cut line stripe of the discharge lamp (band-like coating or the like coated on a glass valve (outer tube) of the discharge lamp) and a portion 131 which is light-shielded by a shade (not shown). In this embodiment, the non-effective reflecting surface 13 is formed in a range surrounded by thick solid line in Fig. 8. A first reflecting surface 11 and a second reflecting surface 12 are provided in the non-effective reflecting surface 13 of the reflector 1. The first reflecting surface 11 forms a low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP shown with thick solid line in Fig. 15, and the first reflecting surface 11 is provided utilizing a rising wall 15 of inner side L-IN of the automobile. As shown with solid arrows in Fig. 9, this is because it is possible to illuminate side of an outer side R-OUT of the automobile over a wide range, and this is most suitable for forming the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP (see Fig. 15) for illuminating the side over the wide range. As shown in Fig. 10, the first reflecting surface 11 forms a diverging type free curved surface in which an optical axis ZL-ZL is inclined at about 35° to 45°, and more preferably about 40° toward the outer side R-OUT with respect to the traveling direction ZF-ZB of the automobile. On the other hand, the second reflecting surface 12 forms a spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP, and is provided outer side R-OUT with respect to the first reflecting surface 11. The second reflecting surface 12 forms a paraboloid or free curved surface in which an optical axis ZH-ZH is inclined at about 5° with respect to the traveling direction ZF-ZB. The optical axis ZL-ZL of the first reflecting surface 11 and the optical axis ZH-ZH pass through a center axis O-O of a light source valve 2. In the drawings, the symbol 2 represents the light source valve. The light source valve 2 is a halogen lamp of C-6 type, and comprises a glass valve 20 and a pinch portion 21, a filament 22 inserted into the center axis O-O of the light source valve 2 of the glass valve 20 perpendicularly, and a mounting brim 23 fixed to the pinch portion 21. The light source valve 2 is disposed on the side of the non-effective reflecting surface 13 of the reflector 1. That is, the light source valve 2 is inserted toward the non-effective reflecting surface 13 from a mounting hole 17 provided in a bottom wall 16 of the reflector 1 perpendicularly, and the light source valve 2 is detachably mounted to the reflector 1 through the mounting brim 23. By mounting the mounting hole 17 to the bottom wall 16 of the reflector 1, there is not reflection surface loss by the mounting hole 17 in the first reflecting surface 11 and the second reflecting surface 12 on the side of the non-effective reflecting surface 13. Since the light source valve 2 is mounted to the reflector 1 perpendicularly, the center axis O-O of the light source valve 2 is substantially in parallel to the vertical axis VU-VD, and an axis Z-Z of the filament 22 of the light source valve 2 is substantially in parallel to the horizontal axes HL-HR and HR-HL. As shown in Fig. 11, the axis Z-Z is inclined at 6° (about 60°) toward the outside R-OUT with respect to the traveling direction ZF-ZB of the automobile. By inclining the axis Z-Z of the filament, the following merit can be obtained: That is, a reflection image 24 of the filament 22 in the first reflecting surface 11 is long in its longitudinal direction as shown in Fig. 12, and this is most suitable for forming the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP (see Fig. 15) for illuminating the side over the wide range. A reflection image 25 of the filament 22 in the second reflecting surface 12 is long in its lateral direction as shown in Fig. 13, and this is most suitable for forming the high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP (see Fig. 18) for illuminating in the spot-like manner. In the drawings, a symbol 3 represents a movable shade. The movable shade 3 is disposed such that it can move between a first position (position shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 14 and 15) and a second position (position shown in Figs. 17 and 18) around the light source valve 2, i.e., such that it can rotate around the center axis O-O of the light source valve 2. The movable shade 3 integrally comprises a dome-like shade portion 30 and a leg portion 31. The shade portion 30 covers the periphery of the light source valve 2. The leg portion 31 is fixed to a turning table 43 (which will be described later) through an arc groove 18 formed in the bottom wall 16 of the reflector 1. The shade portion 30 of the movable shade 3 is provided with a projection light opening 32. The opening 32 is opened such that when the opening 32 of the shade portion 30 of the movable shade 3 is located at the first position, light from the light source valve 2 is emitted to the first reflecting surface 11 as shown with solid arrows in Figs. 14 and 15, and when the shade portion 30 of the movable shade 3 is located at the second position, the light from the light source valve 2 is emitted to the second reflecting surface 12 as shown with solid arrows in Figs. 17 and 18. In the drawings, a symbol 4 represents driving means. The driving means 4 is for moving the movable shade 3 between the first and second positions, and comprises a mounting bracket 41 fixed to the reflector 1 by means of a screw 40 or the like, a motor 42 fixed to the mounting bracket 41, and the turning table 43 supported on the mounting bracket 41 such that the turning table 43 can rotate around the center axis Z-Z of the light source valve 2. A worm 44 fixed to the rotation shaft of the motor 42 and the teeth 45 mounted on an outer peripheral surface of the turning table 43 are meshed with each other. The light source valve 2, the movable shade 3 and the driving means 4 are formed as one unit and mounted to the reflector 1. The light source valve 2 and the motor 42 are connected to a blinder switch (not shown), a steering sensor (not shown) and a vehicle speed sensor and the like through a control section (not shown). Under the conditions shown in the following Table 1 and the operation pattern, the light source valve 2 lights up by the control section and at the same time, the motor 42 is rotated in the normal direction to move the movable shade 3 from the second position to the first position, and when the movable shade 3 moves to the first position, the normal rotation of the motor 42 is stopped or the motor 42 is rotated reversely, and the movable shade 3 moves from the first position to the second position, and when the movable shade 3 moves to the second position, the reverse rotation of the motor 42 is stopped. That is, an operation pattern P1 is a pattern before an intersection for turning to the left or right for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a low speed, the steering wheel is not operated, the blinker switch is ON, and the movable shade 3 is located at the first position. An operation pattern P2 is a pattern when the automobile is on a curve in urban area for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a low speed, the steering wheel is being operated, the blinker switch is OFF, and the movable shade 3 is located at the first position. An operation pattern P3 is a pattern when the automobile is on a curve in suburban area for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a medium speed, the steering wheel is being operated, the blinker switch is OFF, and the movable shade 3 is located at the first position. An operation pattern P4 is a pattern when the automobile makes a lane change in suburban area for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a medium speed, the steering wheel is not operated, the blinker switch is ON, and the movable shade 3 is located at the second position. An operation pattern P5 is a pattern when the automobile is on a curve on an expressway for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a high speed, the steering wheel is being operated, the blinker switch is OFF, and the movable shade 3 is located at the second position. Lastly, an operation pattern P6 is a pattern when the automobile makes a lane change on an expressway for example. In this case, the automobile is running at a high speed, the steering wheel is not operated, the blinker switch is ON, and the movable shade 3 is located at the second position. These operation patterns are collectively shown in Table 1. Pattern Vehicle speed Steering operation Blinker switch Position of movable shade P1 Low speed Not operated ON First position P2 Low speed Being operated OFF First position P3 Medium speed Being operated OFF First position P4 Medium speed Not operated ON Second position P5 High speed Not operated ON Second position P6 High speed Being operated OFF Second position Operational effect of the automobile lamp of the present invention having the above-described structure in this embodiment will be explained. First, in the case of the operation patterns P1, P2 and P3 for example, the movable shade 3 is located at the first position. The light from the light source valve 2 is reflected by the first reflecting surface as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, and illuminates the outer side R-OUT of the automobile as the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP illuminating the side over the wide range. As a result, the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP shown in Figs. 15 and 16B is synthesized on the right side of the low beam light distribution pattern LP, and the light distribution patterns LP and LBP shown in Figs. 15 and 16C can be obtained as a whole. In the case of the operation patterns P4, P5 and P6 for example, the movable shade 3 is located at the second position. The light from the light source valve 2 is reflected on the second reflecting surface as shown in Figs. 17 and 18, and illuminates front of the automobile as the spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP. As a result, the spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP shown in Figs. 18 and 19B is synthesized on the right side of the hot zone HZ of the high beam light distribution pattern HP shown in Figs. 18 and 19A, and the light distribution patterns HP and HBP shown in Figs. 18 and 19C can be obtained as a whole. The low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP emitted from the automobile bend lamp mounted on the left side of the front portion of the automobile is synthesized on the left side of the low beam light distribution pattern LP, and the high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP is synthesized on the left side of the hot zone HZ of the high beam light distribution pattern HP. Since the automobile bend lamp of the present invention in this embodiment is mounted to the reflector 1 of the automobile head lamp, special space for mounting the bend lamp to the vehicle body is unnecessary, and the problem of limitation of the design of the automobile is solved. In the case of the automobile bend lamp in the automobile lamp of the invention of this embodiment, even if the type of vehicle differs, a desired light distribution pattern can easily be obtained with out variation in mounting precision by mounting the automobile bend lamp to the reflector 1 of the automobile head lamp. The automobile lamp of the invention in this embodiment can obtain the excellent spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern HBP at the time of medium speed running by the second reflecting surface 12. Especially in this embodiment, since the automobile head lamp is a double-lamp type head lamp using a discharge lamp, the lamp has small power consumption, high wattage valve can be used as the light source valve 2 of the automobile bend lamp of the automobile lamp of the invention, and sufficient illumination amount can be obtained correspondingly. The automobile bend lamp in the automobile lamp of the invention can also be applied to another automobile head lamp, e.g., a lamp using a halogen lamp as light source, and a four-lamp type lamp. The first reflecting surface 11 forming the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP is provided utilizing the rising wall 15 of the inner side L-IN of the automobile among the reflector 1. Therefore, it is possible to illuminate the side of the outer side R-OUT of the automobile over the wide range, and this is most suitable for forming the low bend beam light distribution pattern LBP for illuminating the side over the wide range. Further, in this embodiment, the light source valve 2, the movable shade 3 and the driving means 4 are formed as one unit and mounted to the reflector 1. Therefore, the automobile bend lamp of the invention can easily be mounted to the automobile head lamp with high precision. As described above, there is an automobile lamp comprising a reflector for forming a light distribution pattern by reflecting light from a light source, an effective reflecting surface provided on the reflector for forming at least one of a low beam light distribution pattern and a high beam light distribution pattern, a non-effective reflecting surface provided on the reflector for forming at least one of a low bend beam light distribution pattern and a high bend beam light distribution pattern, a light source valve disposed on the reflector on the side of the non-effective reflecting surface, a movable shade disposed around the light source valve such that the movable shade can move between a first position and a second position, driving means for moving the movable shade between the first position and the second position, a first reflecting surface provided on the non-effective reflecting surface of the reflector for forming the low bend beam light distribution pattern with light from the light source valve when the movable shade moves to the first position, and a second reflecting surface provided on the non-effective reflecting surface of the reflector for forming the high bend beam light distribution pattern with light from the light source valve when the movable shade moves to the second position.

Claims: An automobile lamp (100,200) comprising: a reflector (1) for forming a light distribution pattern (BP,LP,HP) by reflecting light from a light source; an effective reflecting surface (10) provided on said reflector (1) for forming at least one of a low beam light distribution pattern (LP) and a high beam light distribution pattern (HP), and a light source valve (2) disposed on said reflector (1), characterized by a non-effective reflecting surface (13;130,131) provided on said reflector (1) for forming at least one of a low bend beam light distribution pattern (LBP) and a high bend beam light distribution pattern (HBP), wherein said light source valve (2) is disposed on a side of said non-effective reflecting surface (13;130,131); a movable shade (3) disposed around said light source valve (2) and adapted to be moved between a first position and a second position; driving means (4) for moving said movable shade (3) between said first position and said second position; a first reflecting surface (11) provided on said non-effective reflecting surface (13;130,131) of said reflector (1) for forming said low bend beam light distribution pattern (LBP) with light from said light source valve (2) when said movable shade (3) moves to said first position, and a second reflecting surface (12) provided on said non-effective reflecting surface (13;130,131) of said reflector (1) for forming said high bend beam light distribution pattern (HBP) with light from said light source valve (2) when said movable shade (3) moves to said second position. An automobile lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that said light source valve (2) and said driving means (4) are formed as one unit and mounted to said reflector (1). An automobile lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first reflecting surface (11) forms said low bend beam light distribution pattern (LBP) directed to the left and right of said low beam light distribution pattern (LP) for illuminating side over a wide range, and said second reflecting surface (12) forms said spot-like high bend beam light distribution pattern (HBP) directed to the left and right of a hot zone of said high beam light distribution pattern (HP). An automobile lamp according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the automobile (300) is running at a low speed, and if a blinker switch is ON and/or a steering wheel is being operated, or when the automobile (300) is running at a medium speed and if the steering wheel is being operated, said movable shade (3) is moved to said first position, and when the automobile (300) is running at the medium speed and the blinker switch is ON or when the automobile (300) is running at a high speed and if the blinker switch is ON and/or the steering wheel is being operated, said movable shade (3) is moved to said second position. An automobile lamp according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said first reflecting surface (11) is a rising wall (15) of said reflector (1), provided on the inner side (L-IN) of the automobile.

Inventors: FUKUSHIMA SHOUICHI, OKUBO YASUHIRO, FUKUSHIMA, SHOUICHI, OKUBO, YASUHIRO
Applicants: ICHIKO INDUSTRIES LTD, ICHIKOH INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B60Q1
IPC codes: F21V14, F21S8, F21V7, B60Q1