SECURE DISPENSING APPARATUS

Abstract: Secure dispensing apparatus is described which is adapted to dispense e.g. a prescription drug from an axial compression dispensing device (1). This is located in a housing (10) including a dispensing aperture (16). The axial compression dispensing device (1) is located in a central chamber of axial length slightly longer than that of the axial compression dispensing device, and means (30) are provided at one end of the chamber movable with respect thereto to compress the axial compression dispensing device to cause dispensing via the dispensing aperture (16). The means (30) comprises a central breakable axial stem (33) attached to a pressure plate (34), the pressure plate having a surface configuration on its side facing away from the axial compression dispensing device providing a set of surfaces (35) not in a plane transverse to the axis of the breakable stem, and apertures (36) in the end of the outer housing aligned with the set of surfaces of the pressure plate and none of the apertures (36) being coaxial with the breakable stem (33). Means such as a wall (15) are provided to limit the amount of movement of the pressure plate (34) away from the end (11) of the outer housing containing the set of apertures (36).

Description: SECURE DISPENSING APPARATUS This invention relates to the secure dispensing of materials and particularly to the packaging of dangerous products such as drugs, poisons, toxic materials or the like. There are numerous circumstances in which it is desired to able to dispense materials in a secure fashion, in particular in order to restrict the amount of material dispensed on the one hand and separately to prevent access to the entire quantity of material save by someone entitled or authorised to dispense such material, for example for self-medication. It has long been recognised that packaging can play an important part in securing, for example, drugs against being consumed by children. There are numerous packaging designs which are designed with "child-proof" closures. While these may provide a certain degree of effectiveness, once the closure is opened, there is generally then no further barrier to access to the entire content of the container and thus to whatever material is within. This is clearly unsatisfactory and potentially unsafe. The present invention provides an alternative approach, which is particularly suited to the dispensing of doses of materials presented in a dosable form in some sort of elongate or discoid container or cassette from which a quantity or unit of material can then be dispensed by axial or rotary movement and wherein the axial movement can be translated into e.g. a rotational movement by a standard mechanism. By way of example only, taken from the field of pharmaceuticals, though the area of application of the invention is rather wider, elongate sealed canisters are widely used for the dispensing of drugs for asthmatics, with the inside of the canister being under pressure and containing a liquid material which may be dispensed as an aerosol spray by placing an axial outlet tube forming part of the canister into an aerosol nozzle and depressing the nozzle with respect to the main body of the canister. GB-A-206116 and WO 96/27655 disclose typical such systems. Pump action dispensers for pasty materials such as toothpaste are known which likewise are actuated by axial pressure on an elongate container, and recently homeopathic medicines have been dispensed in elongate cylindrical containers which contain an internal mechanism enabling the dispensing one-by-one of small pills of homeopathic remedy contained within the housing. Perfumes may be dispensed using a pressurised "refill" container in analogous fashion (see, e.g. GB-A-1005768) , and similar dispensing systems are known for disarming sprays (e.g. US-A-5310086) . In all of these cases, dispensing is achieved by axial compression of the container containing the material it is desired to dispense. Such a form of container is denoted herein by the term "axial compression dispensing device". 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Φ o • 0 Φ 02 3 H P- 3 • Hi Φ 01 3 remote from the dispensing aperture, this can be achieved by dimensioning the apertures in the end wall of the outer casing which covers the pressure plate so that they act as guide elements, preferably with the wall thickness of the end of the housing greater than the transverse measurement of the elongate members on the "key" which are to come into contact with the set of locations on the side of the pressure plate remote from the axial compression dispensing device. It is also important to ensure that the axial compression dispensing device is a relatively close fit in the housing. If the device is externally a simple cylinder, then a plain cylindrical cavity in the housing is sufficient. If, for example, because it has an enlarged cap portion, the exterior of the device is a stepped cylinder, the housing interior may be correspondingly stepped, e.g. with a wider portion to accommodate the end cap and a narrower part to give good guidance to the body of the device. Alternatively, if the apparatus is to be used in a dispenser which is e.g. adapted to maintain a record of dosage times, or to prevent dosage save at predetermined intervals, such as described in our patent application filed simultaneously with this application, then the key may be fitted in the dispenser and the apparatus likewise fitted in the dispenser, e.g. in a tubular close-fitting channel therein, conveniently with a pin and slot location to ensure correct alignment around the long axis of the apparatus. In this case, the dispenser provides accurate guidance even if the holes are larger than the pins on the key. If, prior to first use, the holes are covered with a frangible seal, the pins pierce the seal on first use. Such a seal is valuable as showing evidence of tampering if, for example, someone has tried to cause the apparatus to dispense a medicament without using the dispenser which contains the correct key. The dispensing devices of the present invention are particularly useful as replaceable drug-containing units in dispensing apparatus which may be configured to move the "key" in known fashion to dispense an appropriate dose of material. If the drug dispensed by a pharmacist is presented in such a secure fashion, together with a key, the key and dispensing container can be separated from one another and someone who comes across the dispensing container will not be able to dispense any material from it unless they also have the key. The invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a secure dispensing device in accordance with the present invention; Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 show a device in accordance with the present invention located in a dispenser actuation mechanism described in more detail below, Figures 2 to 5 showing the item in different positions of the dispensing device; Figures 6 to 9 inclusive show similar views to Figures 2 to 8, but in connection with an alternate design of drug- dispensing actuation device; Figures 10 and 11 show in perspective view a key and corresponding pressure plate assembly; Figure 12 shows the key and pressure plate assembly in side view and aligned with diagrammatic end views of each, and Figure 13a to d show three stages of use of the key, diagrammaticall . OO oo to t J- 1 H" On o On O On o On h3 ≤: tr fu φ H h- 1 f μ- h-» 3 n φ • 3 02 μ- 0 3 02 0 Hi ft tr φ <l fu hi μ- 0 3 02 Ω Q 3 Tf 0 3 Φ 3 ft 02 ) hi Φ CΩ 0 Ω tr 0 02 φ 3 oo oo to to H-» n o on o on O n canister 2 which might effect dispensing. As can be seen by contemplating Figure 1, the secure dispensing container needs to be provided with a key to enable material to be dispensed from it, the key consisting of key disc 39 with the actuating posts 38 of different heights on it. An additional benefit of the particular presentation shown in Figure 1 is that it is easy to position a seal across the end of wall 11 covering the apertures 36, which seal must be pierced by the prongs 38 when the dispensing device is first used, or which must be torn off in order to provide access to apertures 36 for posts 38. In either event, it is clear whether the dispensing device has been put to use or not. The device of Figure 1 is shown in Figures 2 to 9 forming part of a drug-dispensing system into which the device may be inserted. Referring first to Figures 2 to 5 , the system comprises a housing 40 containing within it an axially movable member 42 carrying at one end a key disc 43 having a number of different length prongs 44 protruding from it. Member 42 is guided axially within the housing and can be moved to the left of the position shown in Figure 2 by a short distance determined by the length of a slot 48 therein. One end of member 42 bears a protruding pin 50 which is surrounded by an aperture formed in one end of a flat rocker arm 52, the position of which . is controlled via a solenoid 54. In the position shown in Figure 2, the member 42 can move axially to its fullest extent, while in the position shown in Figure 5 with the solenoid actuated, the pin 50 can only move a short distance before coming to rest on a shoulder within the rocker plate 52. It should be understood that the side view shown shows only one pin 50 and rocker plate 52. The device has two such pins and plates, so the opposite side view of Figure 2 is the same, though reversed in sense. The entire dispensing unit is arranged to be slotted into a sleeve-like extension of housing 40, denoted 16 in Figure 2 , and it may be held captive therein by means of a sprung bead 61 engaging in a preformed groove 64 running along the side of wall 10. The normally inserted position is shown in Figure 3, with the bead 61 spring latched into the end of the groove 64 remote from cap 13 and nozzle 16. As can be seen at this point, the prongs 44 are passing through the end wall 11 of the dispensing unit and have come to rest against the left-hand ends as shown in the drawing of the prongs extending from plate 34. Accurate matching may be assisted by having each of the ends of the prongs on plate 34 with a depression in its end and making each of the prongs 44 somewhat pointed, as shown in the drawing. If the canister 2 is now moved towards the left as shown in Figure 4 with the solenoid 54 unactuated, it simply moves axially slidable member 42 with it. Thus, there is no relative movement between outer housing 10 and the key disc 43 and its prongs 44. The reason for this is that, as noted above, pin 50 can move close to the axis about which rocker plate 52 can pivot. If dispensing via nozzle 16 is required, however, then the solenoid is actuated electrically by suitable means and the rocker plate 52 moves to the position shown in Figure 5. In this position, as soon as the outer housing 10 is moved to the left as shown in that Figure, the pin 50 comes to a halt caught on the shoulder within rocker plate 52 and, at this point, continued movement of housing 10 to the left causes plate 31 to start pressing on the base of pressurised canister 2. As can be seen, stem 33 transmits the force from plate 34 and the entire canister 2 is moved to the right with respect to the housing in which it is placed. The valve stem at the top is accordingly pressed down and material may be released through nozzle 16. The device shown in Figures 6 to 9 operates analogously save that, in this particular case, the mechanism for actuating the dispenser is quite different. In the case of the device shown in Figures 2 to 5, movement of housing 10 relative to housing 40 is achieved by e.g. engaging the user's finger over a lateral post 80 formed integrally with cap 13 and side wall 10. This is not always a most convenient action and in Figures 6 to 9, a device is shown which can provide a dispensed dose of medicament located in pressurised canister 2 by squeezing two parts of an outer housing together. This is easier to achieve by certain classes of use, for example those whose manual dexterity is impaired by weakness or disease such as arthritis. As shown in Figures 6 to 9, the outer housing consists of a base portion 90 having a cylindrical cavity in which outer container 10 may be fitted. At one end of the cylindrical cavity, there is provided a key disc 91 which may be moved to the right as shown in Figure 6 by a lever 92 pivoted at 93 to the back of the disc 91. Lever 92 is itself pivoted to a link 94 having a transverse stud at its end 95 which is slotted into an actuating bar 96 which can pivot around a pivot point denoted 97 in Figure 8 to the position shown in Figure 8 and back again. A post 99 on link 92 may move freely within a slot in a rockable plate 100 which is rockable about an axis 101 by means of a solenoid 102. As shown in Figure 8, if bar 96 is moved up at its left- hand end as seen in the drawing, normally post 99 merely moves to the left and link 92 swivels about pivot 93. If, on the other hand, the solenoid 102 is actuated, then rocker plate 100 moves around pivot point 101 to the position shown in Figure 9, and it can be seen that with plate 100 moved into this position, post 99 cannot move radially away from pivot point 101. Instead, as actuating bar 96 is moved upwards at its left hand end as shown in Figure 9, link 94 causes link 92 to pivot around post 99 which is essentially held stationary. Pivot point 93 accordingly moves to the right, thus moving in turn the disc 91 and, because the poles on the key disc are now engaged with corresponding prongs on plate 34, and stem 33 passes through wall 31 and acts to push container 2 to the right within the housing, thus causing dispensing via nozzle 16 of a single dose. Dispensing can be stopped by releasing the actuation bar 96 and the device then returns to the position shown in Figure 7. In this embodiment shown in Figures 6 to 9, the secure dispensing assembly consisting of canister 2 and its outer housing has an inclined slot 105 in the cap opposite the dispensing aperture and can be held into the overall body of the device by being engaged by a spring- loaded tooth 106 which is pivotable between the position shown in Figure 6, for loading or unloading a dispensing assembly from the device, and the position shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9, where the tooth is engaged in recess 105 and holds the assembly firmly together. Figures 10 and 11 show a more sophisticated design of the key disc and plate and stem member. As shown, the key disc has a base 110 bearing seven different cross-section pins 111. The plate and stem member consists of a plate 114 adapted to press the base of a dispensing canister, a frangible stem 115 and a set of seven radial arms 116, each of which has at its outer end a short axial post 117 with a depression at its free end. The posts 117 are of different lengths, complementary to the lengths of pins 111. Figure 12 shows the key disc and plate and stem member aligned with the latter located in a schematically indicated cylindrical casing 120 having a transverse inner wall 121 through which the stem passes, and an end wall 122 having a set of seven apertures in it correspondingly located to the posts 117. Across the end wall 122 is an adhered paper security seal 123. As can be seen in the diagrammatic face views of the key and plate and stem member, the pins 111 are arranged to mirror (as shown in Figure 12) the posts 117. The end of each pin 111 is pointed. When the device is used, the sequence of movement to effect dispensing is as shown in Figurers 13a to c. The key is first pushed towards the wall 122 and as each pin 111 contacts seal 123, it pierces the seal, leaving a distinctive shape if the seal is e.g. of paper. Each pin 111 then comes to engage the end of a post 117 (Figure 13b) . Further movement causes the entire plate and stem member to move to the left relative to the casing 120, so moving the canister (not shown) and effecting dispensing. The maximum amount of movement is achieved (Figure 13c) when the base 110 of the key abuts the seal 123. Although the above description of specific embodiments relates exclusively to axial compression dispensing devices, it is clear that the key/plate/breakable stem(s) configuration can be used to render more secure other dispensing systems where dispensing is caused to occur by rectilinear movement of a push-button or the like.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A secure dispensing apparatus which comprises a dispensing device surrounded by a housing, the housing having an aperture registered with a dispensing aperture of the dispensing device, and the dispensing device being actuatable to dispense a dose of material contained within it by a rectilinear movement of an actuation member relative to the housing and acting upon a part of the dispensing device, and wherein between the actuation member and the part of the dispensing device there is located a force-transmitting member having at least one elongate breakable stem located substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the actuation member, and the stem(s) being connected to a pressure plate having a surface configuration on its side facing away from the stem(s) providing a set of surfaces not in a plane transverse to the axis of the stem(s), and wherein the housing has a set of apertures aligned with the set of surfaces on the pressure plate and means for limiting the amount of movement of the force-transmitting member. 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the dispensing device is an elongate or discoid container or cassette from which a quantity or unit of material can be dispensed by axial or rotary movement. 3. Secure dispensing apparatus which comprises an axial compression dispensing device surrounded by a housing, the housing having an aperture registered with a dispensing aperture of the axial compression dispensing device, and having a central chamber surrounding the axial compression dispensing device and of axial length slightly longer than that of the axial compression dispensing device, and means at one end of the chamber movable with respect thereto to compress an axial compression dispensing device located within the chamber, whereby to cause dispensing via the dispensing aperture, wherein the means comprises a central breakable axial stem attached to a pressure plate, the pressure plate having a surface configuration on its side facing away from the axial compression dispensing device providing a set of surfaces not in a plane transverse to the axis of the breakable stem, and a set of apertures in the end of the housing aligned with the set of surfaces of the pressure plate and none of the apertures being coaxial with the breakable stem, and wherein means are provided to limit the amount of movement of the pressure plate away from the end of the outer housing containing the set of apertures. 4. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the number of apertures in the set of apertures in the housing is 5 to 7 and these are substantially equiangularly spaced around the axis of a single breakable stem. 5. Apparatus according to Claim 4 wherein the apertures are substantially equidistant from the axis of the that stem in a radial direction. 6. Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5 wherein the apertures are of at least two different shapes. 7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the set of apertures in the housing is covered with a frangible seal.

Inventors: GREY MATTHEW JAMES, GUY GEOFFREY, RIDDIFORD MARTIN PHILIP, GREY, MATTHEW, JAMES, GUY, GEOFFREY, RIDDIFORD, MARTIN, PHILIP
Applicants: GREY MATTHEW JAMES, GUY GEOFFREY, GW PHARMA LTD, RIDDIFORD MARTIN PHILIP, GREY, MATTHEW, JAMES, GUY, GEOFFREY, GW PHARMA LIMITED, RIDDIFORD, MARTIN, PHILIP
Application year: 2001
Main classification: B65D83
IPC codes: A61M15, B65D83