STENT DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD

Abstract: A braided stent (10) includes coiled distal and proximal anchors (21), (22) adapted to be disposed in the kidney and bladder, respectively. The stent is threaded onto an elongate member which is advanced distally to position the stent through the ureter. The stent may be releasably coupled to a guidewire (34) and advanced distally by a tubular positioner (30) threaded over the guidewire. Retracting the guidewire into the positioner releases the stent and completes deployment. The stent may include a distal nosepiece (121) which may be inserted through a side port and nto a first lumen tube (123). A road (138) in the first lumen is advanced forward to engage the nose piece and thus move the stent distally. Retraction of the rod disengages the stent and thus completes deployment. A second lumen in the tube receives a guidewire which may be moved independently of the rod and stent.

Description: STENT DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD Related Applications This application relates to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/258,196 entitled STENT DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD, and filed on December 22, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference. This application further relates to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/260,833 entitled PARALLEL STENT APPARATUS AND METHOD, and filed on January 9, 2001 , which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to medical and surgical devices, and more specifically to ureteral stents and the deployment thereof. 2. Description of Prior Art and Related Information Stents are deployed in the ureter to provide fluid communication between the kidney and the bladder. A conventional ureteral stent usually consists of a cylindrical body defining a lumen therein. The conventional stent consists of a single pigtail anchor located at the distal end. A distal tip of the common stent includes one or more holes that are in fluid communication with the lumen. The conventional ureteral stent is typically deployed by threading it over a guidewire that has been inserted through the urethra to reach the kidney. The stent is advanced distally by pushing it forward along the guidewire. In a common approach, the portion of the stent outside the urethra is manually advanced along the guidewire. Since stents are formed at a predetermined length, namely, to extend between the kidney and the bladder, deployment is problematic especially when there remains no further portion of the stent external to the urethra to be advanced. One solution has been to employ a rigid tube, or pusher, that is threaded over a guidewire proximally of the stent. The tube is advanced forward which then pushes a proximal end of the stent distally. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides structures and methods which overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. In one aspect, a stent deployment system is provided. The system comprises a stent and an elongate member. The stent includes a braided tube, a stent distal portion and a stent proximal portion. The elongate member is adapted to removably engage the stent distal portion and to move the stent distally. The elongate member comprises a first elongate member. The system further comprises a second elongate member. The first elongate member is axially movable with respect to the second elongate member. The second elongate member comprises a guidewire onto which the stent distal portion is threaded. The first elongate member comprises a tube threaded onto the guidewire. Alternatively, the second elongate member may comprise a tube defining at least one lumen. The first elongate member may comprise a rod disposed in the lumen. The tube may comprise an additional lumen. A guidewire may be disposed in this second lumen. The stent distal portion may comprise a nosepiece. The rod includes a distal tip adapted to engage the nosepiece. The stent distal portion may further comprise a first pigtail coil. The stent proximal portion comprises a second pigtail coil. A method for deploying a stent in a body conduit is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing the stent with a braided tube, a stent distal portion and a stent proximal portion, releasably engaging the stent distal portion with an elongate member, and advancing the stent distally with the elongate member. Where the elongate member comprises a tube, the method further comprises the steps of threading the stent distal portion onto a guidewire, and threading the tube over guidewire. The method further comprises the step of retracting the guidewire into the tube to release the stent distal portion from the guidewire. Alternatively, the method may comprise the step of disposing the elongate member, such as a rod, into a lumen of a tube. The step of releasably engaging the stent distal portion with an elongate member comprises the steps of disposing a nosepiece of the stent distal portion in the lumen of the tube, and releasably engaging the nosepiece of the stent with the elongate member. The method further comprises the steps of placing a guidewire into the body conduit, providing the tube with a second lumen, and threading the tube over the guidewire by receiving the guidewire in the second lumen. In a further aspect, a ureteral stent is provided. The stent comprises an elongate body, a distal end of the body biased to a first coiled configuration, a proximal end of the body biased to a second coiled configuration, an intermediate section of the body disposed between the distal end of the body and the proximal end of the body, and a guide bushing disposed to extend around the intermediate section of the body. The guide bushing has radiopaque characteristics. The guide bushing is adapted to be moved along a guidewire through a body conduit. The distal end of the body has properties for being bent back on itself in a straight configuration when the guide bushing is moved along the guidewire through the body conduit. Furthermore, a surgical combination for stenting a ureter is provided. The combination comprises a guidewire having a distal end. The guidewire is adapted to be positioned in the ureter. The combination further comprises a stent and a positioner. The stent has a body, a distal anchor, and a radiopaque marker disposed around the body proximally of the distal anchor. The marker is sized and configured for distal movement along the guidewire to an operative site. The positioner has a tubular configuration and is adapted for distal movement along the guidewire to hold the marker at the operative site when the guidewire is wire is withdrawn from the ureter. The distal anchor has a both straight configuration and a curled configuration. The distal anchor is disposed in the straight configuration when the marker is moved distally along the guidewire. The distal anchor is disposed in the curled configuration when the guidewire is withdrawn from the operative site. The distal anchor is preferably biased to the curled configuration. A method for positioning a stent in a ureter of a patient comprises the steps of providing the stent with a body, a distal end, and a radiopaque marker near the distal end of the stent, placing a guidewire in the ureter, threading the marker onto the guidewire, advancing a positioner along the guidewire to move the marker along the guidewire to an operative site in the ureter, and removing the guidewire and the positioner from the ureter leaving the stent at the operative site in the ureter. The method further comprises the step of providing the positioner with a radiopaque distal tip. In another aspect, a method for positioning a stent at an operative site in a body conduit, comprising the steps of providing the stent with a body and a distal end, biasing the distal end of the stent to a curved configuration, inserting the distal end of the stent into the body conduit, moving the stent through the body conduit to the operative site in the body conduit, and, during the inserting step, bending the distal end of the stent along the body of the stent. During the bending step, the distal end of the stent is moved from the coiled configuration to a straight configuration. During the providing step, the stent is formed of a mesh having properties for being elongated to provide the stent with a low-profile configuration. During the moving step, the distal end of the stent is elongated to provide the distal end of the stent with the low-profile configuration. During the providing step, a guide bushing is placed around the body of the stent, proximally of the distal end of the stent. Prior to the inserting step, a guidewire is placed in the body conduit. During the inserting step, the guide bushing is threaded onto the guidewire. During the moving step, the bushing is pushed along the guidewire to move the guide bushing to the operative site in the body conduit. Prior to the placing step, the guide bushing is provided with radiopaque characteristics. In a further aspect, a method for placing a stent in the body conduit comprises the steps of introducing a guidewire in to the body conduit, moving an insertion tube over the guidewire, releasably attaching the stent to the insertion tube, advancing the insertion tube over the guidewire and into the body conduit to position the stent at an operative site in the body conduit, releasing the stent from the insertion tube at the operative site, withdrawing the insertion tube and the guidewire from the body conduit; and, during the withdrawal step, leaving the stent in the body conduit at the operative site. The step of releasably attaching the stent comprises the step of releasably attaching portions of the stent to the insertion tube with the remaining portions of the stent disposed outwardly of the insertion tube. The method further comprises the steps of providing the insertion tube with a first lumen and a second lumen. During the moving step, the guidewire is placed into the first lumen. During the attaching step, the portions of the stent is releasably locked in the second lumen. The step of releasably locking the portions of the stent in the second lumen further comprises the step of locking the portions of the stent in the second lumen with a rod. In another aspect, a combination is provided which enables deployment of a stent without having to retract a guidewire. Thus, the guidewire may remain inserted while the stent is independently released and deployed. The combination includes a guidewire, a stent having a proximal end and a distal end, and an insertion tube including a first lumen and a second lumen. The first lumen is sized and configured to receive the guidewire. The second lumen of the tube is adapted to receive at least a portion of the stent in a releasably locked relationship. Portions of the second tube define a scythe or side port which extends into the second lumen. A rod is disposed in the second lumen and movable between a first locking position wherein the rod engages the portion of the stent within the second lumen, and a second releasing position wherein the rod disengages the portion of the second stent in the second lumen. The portion of the stent engaged by the rod comprises a distal end of the stent. In summary, a braided stent includes coiled distal and proximal anchors adapted to be disposed in the kidney and bladder, respectively. The stent is threaded onto an elongate member which is advanced distally to position the stent through the ureter. The stent may be releasably coupled to a guidewire and advanced distally by a tubular positioner threaded over the guidewire. Retracting the guidewire into the positioner releases the stent and completes deployment. The stent may include a distal nosepiece which may be inserted through a side port and into a first lumen of a dual lumen tube. A rod in the first lumen is advanced forward to engage the nosepiece and thus move the stent distally. Retraction of the rod disengages the stent and thus completes deployment. A second lumen in the tube receives a guidewire which may be moved independently of the rod and stent. The invention, now having been briefly summarized, may be better appreciated by the following description of preferred embodiments and reference to the associated drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a first preferred embodiment of a mesh stent according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of a first preferred embodiment of a positioner for deploying the stent over a guidewire; FIG. 3 is a side elevation view illustrating the first preferred stent in one preferred position being moved over a guidewire by the first preferred positioner; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a guidewire operatively positioned through a bladder, a ureter and into a kidney; FIG. 5 is a side elevation view illustrating one method for moving the stent along the guide using the positioner; FIG. 6 is a side elevation view illustrating a step of releasing the first preferred stent from the guidewire; FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the first preferred stent released from the guidewire and automatically forming a coil in the kidney; FIG. 8 is a side elevation view illustrating removal of the guidewire and first preferred positioner leaving the first preferred stent operatively disposed with anchor coils in both the kidney and the bladder; FIG. 9A is a side elevation view of the first preferred stent; FIG. 9B is a side elevation view of the first preferred positioner; FIG. 9C is a side elevation view similar to Fig. 3 and illustrating an alternative method for positioning a portion of the stent on the guidewire; FIG. 10A is a side elevation view of the first preferred stent; FIG. 10B is a side elevation view of the first preferred positioner; FIG. 10C is a side elevation view similar to Fig. 3 and Fig. 9 and illustrating a further method for moving the stent along the guidewire; FIG. 11 is a side elevation view similar to Fig. 5 and illustrating the positioning of the first preferred stent in the kidney with the orientation illustrated in Fig. 10; FIG. 12 is a side elevation view illustrating formation of a distal anchor coil prior to removal of the guidewire from the first preferred stent; FIG. 13 is a side elevation view illustrating removal of the guidewire into the first preferred positioner to release the first preferred stent from the guidewire; and FIG. 14 is a side elevation view of a second preferred embodiment of a stent; FIG. 15 is an axial, cross-sectional view of a second preferred positioner; FIG. 16 is a side elevation view of a guidewire; FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the second preferred positioner; FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of a stent deployment system; and FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the second preferred embodiment of the stent deployment system with the stent released from the positioner and, thus, deployed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS AND BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION The invention and its various embodiments can now be better understood with the following detailed description wherein illustrated embodiments are described. It is to be expressly understood that the illustrated embodiments are set forth as examples and not by way of limitations on the invention which is ultimately defined in the claims. A ureteral stent is illustrated in Figure 1 and designated by the reference numeral 10. The stent 10 has an elongate configuration defined by a body 12 extending between a distal end 14 and proximal end 16. A distal section 17 and proximal section 22 of the stent 10 are of particular interest to the present invention. This section 17 includes radiopaque markers, or sleeves, 18 and 19, and a distal portion 20 of the body 12 which extends therebetween. The marker 18 is disposed at the distal end 14 and may function as a guide bushing. The marker 19 is disposed proximally of the marker 18 and may have a tubular configuration so that it can also function as a guide bushing. A distal anchor 21 and the proximal section, or proximal anchor, 22 can be formed at the distal end 14 and proximal end 16, respectively. Each anchor 21 , 22 is biased to a coiled configuration. Unlike a conventional stent which consists of only a single anchor located at a distal end, the stent 10 of this embodiment comprises an additional proximal anchor 22 adapted to be disposed in the bladder. In another embodiment, the body 12 of the stent 10 has a unique elongated tubular wall 23 formed by a plurality of filaments 25 which defined interstices 27 in the wall 23. With this configuration, the stent 10 can be stretched or elongated to a low- profile configuration, and compressed or compacted to a high-profile configuration. Figure 2 illustrates an elongate member, or positioner, 30 which preferably has a tubular shaft terminating at a radiopaque marker, or distal tip 32. The positioner 30 is adapted to be threaded over a guidewire as illustrated in Figure 3. In particular, the positioner 30 includes a lumen 31 configured to receive a guidewire. In operation, at least a portion of the distal section 17 is threaded onto the guidewire 34. This portion of the distal section 17 is hereinafter referred to as a threaded portion 36. The positioner 30 is then loaded onto the guidewire 34 proximally of the threaded portion 36 of the stent 10. All portions of the stent 10 which are not threaded onto the guidewire 34 are disposed outwardly of the guidewire 34 and the positioner 30, as the threaded portion 36 of the stent 10 is pushed by the positioner 30 to its operative site. In the method of Figure 3, the threaded portion 36 of the stent 10 includes the marker 18 which has a tubular configuration and functions as a guide bushing. In this method, the guidewire 34 is threaded through the interstices 27 of the body portion 20 and through the marker 18 as illustrated in Figure 3. In Figure 4, a preferred process begins with placement of the guidewire 34 through the urethra 41 , the bladder 43, the ureter 45, and into the kidney 47. As illustrated in Figures 3-5, the portion 36 of the distal section 17 is then threaded onto the guidewire 34 along with the positioner 30. As the positioner 30 is advanced through the bladder 43 and ureter 45, the threaded portion 36 is pushed along the guidewire 34 and into the kidney 47. In this manner, the stent 10 can be operatively positioned with its distal end 14 in the kidney 47, and its proximal end 16 in the bladder 43, as illustrated is Figure 5. It will be noted that with this apparatus and method, the distal section 17 of the stent 10 is maintained in a straight, generally parallel relationship with the guidewire 34 and positioner 30. All portions of the stent body 12 which are proximal of the threaded portion 36 are stretched or elongated thereby providing the stent 10 with a low-profile configuration which is particularly advantageous during insertion. In order to deploy the stent 10, the guidewire 34 can be withdrawn proximally into the positioner 30. This will also withdraw the guidewire 34 from the threaded portion 36 of the stent 10 thereby enabling the distal anchor 21 to automatically assume its coil configuration, as illustrated in Figure 7. After the stent 10 has been deployed in its operative position, the guidewire 34 and positioner 30 can be withdrawn. Any tendency of the stent 10 to follow the positioner 30 will be opposed by the distal anchor 21 in the kidney 47. In the method and apparatus of Figures 9A-9C, the stent 10 and positioner 30 can be similar to those described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. In this case, Figure 9C differs from Figure 3 in that the threaded portion 36 includes not only the marker 18, but also the marker 19 and the body portion 20 extending therebetween. Thus, the entire distal section 17 can be threaded onto the guidewire and pushed distally along the guidewire 34 by the positioner 30. It will be noted that in this method, the distal section 17 is also maintained in a generally parallel relationship with the guidewire 34. All portions of the stent body 12 proximal of the threaded portion 36 (proximal of the marker 19 in this case) extend outside the guidewire 34 and pusher 30. These portions tend to elongate upon insertion providing the stent 10 with the low-profile configuration. Deployment of the stent 10 in this case is similar to that previously discussed with reference to Figure 6. In this case, however, formation of the coiled distal anchor 21 begins to occur as soon as the guidewire 34 is withdrawn proximally of the marker 18. Complete formation of the distal anchor 21 does not occur until the guidewire 34 is withdrawn proximally from the body portion 20. Full deployment of the stent 10 does not occur until the guidewire 34 is fully withdrawn into the positioner 30. A further method is illustrated in Figures 10A-10C wherein the stent 10 and positioner 30 have the same configurations as previously discussed with reference to Figures 1 and 2. In this case, however, the threaded portion 36 of the stent 10 includes only the marker 19 which has a tubular configuration and functions as a guide bushing. The marker 18 and the body portions 20 are not threaded onto the guidewire 34, but rather are bent back on themselves into a parallel orientation with the remainder of the stent body 12, the guidewire 34, and the pusher 30. This orientation is illustrated in Figure 10C. Even in this embodiment it will be noted that all portions of the stent 10, other than the threaded portion 36, are elongated into a low-profile state during insertion. In this case it will also be noted that only the threaded portion 36, the marker 19 in this case, is pushed by the pusher 30. The remaining portions of the stent 10 including the body portion 20 are pulled by the marker 19 into the operative position illustrated in Figure 11. In this case, the distal anchor 21 will form completely as soon as the distal marker 18 clears the ureter 45. No withdrawal of the guidewire 34 is required for the complete formation of the distal anchor 21 as illustrated in Figure 12. Full deployment of the stent 10 is accomplished by withdrawing the guidewire 34 into the positioner 30 thereby releasing the threaded portion 36, in this case the marker 19. The positioner 30 and guidewire 34 can then be withdrawn leaving the stent operatively disposed as illustrated in Figure 13. A second preferred embodiment of a stent is illustrated in Figure 14 and designated by the reference numeral 110, which includes a proximal end 112 and distal end 114. A plurality of filaments 116 extend between the ends 112 and 114, and are woven in a preferred embodiment so that they define interstices 118. Where the filaments 116 intersect, they can either be fixed or free to move relative to each other. Freedom of movement facilitates expansion of the stent 110 to a high profile, reduced length configuration, and contraction of the stent 110 to a low profile, increased length configuration. At the distal end 114, the stent 110 is provided with a nose piece 121 which has a cylindrical configuration in a preferred embodiment. This nose piece 121 is of particular interest to the present invention. In Figures 15-17, a preferred delivery system includes an elongate tube 123 having at least two lumens 125 and 127 which extend generally between a proximal end 130 and a distal end 132. The lumen 125 is a thru-lumen open at both ends 130 and 132. The thru-lumen 125 is adapted to accommodate a conventional guidewire of the type illustrated in Figure 16 and designated by the reference numerical 150. The lumen 127 may also be opened at both ends, but is preferably closed at the distal end 132. A scythe or side port 134 is formed near the distal end 132 while a preferred embodiment includes an axial slot 136 at the proximal end 130. An elongate rod 138 is disposed within the lumen 127 and provided with a distal end 141 which is moveable within the lumen 127. More specifically, the rod 138 can be provided with a thumb tab 143 which extends through the slot 136 and is moveable axially by the user. Operation of the thumb tab 143 moves the distal end 141 of the rod 138 from a position proximal of the scythe 134, across the scythe 134, to a position distal of the scythe 134. In operation, the stent 110 is releasably connected to the tube 123. In a preferred apparatus and method, the connection is accomplished by initially placing the rod 138 in its proximal position by operation of the finger tab 143. The nose piece 121 of the stent 110 is then positioned through the scythe 134 into the lumen 127 as illustrated in Figure 17. The rod 138 can then be advanced distally by operation of the finger tab 143. As the distal tip 141 moves across the scythe 134, it passes through the interstices 118 of the mesh and into the nose piece 121 of the stent 110. Further movement of rod 138 in the distal direction will lock the nose piece 121 into the lumen 127 while the remaining portions of the stent 110 are disposed outwardly of the tube 123. The releasable attachment of the stent 110 to the tube 123 can be accomplished during the manufacturing process, in which case the combination, or system, 100 is provided to the user with the stent 110 already attached to the tube 122. Alternatively, the step of attaching the stent 110 to the tube 123 can occur during the operative procedure. In either event, the operative procedure begins with the placement of the guidewire 150 having a proximal end 152 and a distal end 154. This guidewire placement is accomplished in a manner well known in the art. At this point in the process, the tube 123 can be threaded onto the guidewire 150. This is accomplished, as illustrated in Figure 17, by introducing the proximal end 152 of the guidewire 150 into the distal end 132 of the open lumen 125. The stent 110 may or may not be attached to the tube 123 during this initial guidewire insertion step. If the stent 110 has not been attached to the tube 123, this attachment can now be undertaken in the manner previously discussed. Once again, the nose piece 121 of the stent 110 is inserted into the scythe 134 and the rod 138 advanced with the finger tab 143 until its distal end 141 extends through the interstices 118 and the nose piece 121 to releasably attach the stent 110 to the tube 123. The resulting configuration is illustrated in Figure 5. At this point, the tube 123 can be advanced along the guidewire 150 until the stent 110 is brought to its operative position in the body conduit, such as the ureter. Once the stent 110 is operatively disposed, it can be released from the tube 123 to permit withdrawal of the tube 123 and the guidewire 150. Release of the stent 110 is accomplished in a preferred method by reversing the attachment steps. The rod 138 is initially moved proximally by operation of the finger tab 143 until it clears the nose piece 121 and filaments 116. At this point, the stent 110 is released from the tube 123 to permit removable of the tube 123 and the guidewire 150. The stent 110 is left in its operative position within the body conduit such as the ureter. The step of releasing the stent 110 from the tube 123 is illustrated in Figure 19. In a preferred embodiment, the stent 110 is provided with memory characteristics so that the distal end 114 and proximal end 112, shown in Figure 14, automatically achieve a coiled configuration to anchor the stent 110 in the kidney and bladder, respectively, upon release from the tube 123. In the second preferred embodiment of the stent deployment system 100, it will be appreciated that the guidewire 150 may be moved independently from the stent 110. In particular, the guidewire 150 need not be retracted in order to deploy the stent 110. Therefore, the system 100 may be preferable in situations where the guidewire 150 is desired to be continually manipulated while the stent 110 is independently deployed. Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiments have been set forth only for the purposes of examples and that they should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by the following claims. For example, notwithstanding the fact that the elements of a claim are set forth below in a certain combination, it must be expressly understood that the invention includes other combinations of fewer, more or different elements, which are disclosed in above even when not initially claimed in such combinations. The words used in this specification to describe the invention and its various embodiments are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification the generic structure, material or acts of which they represent a single species. The definitions of the words or elements of the following claims are, therefore, defined in this specification to not only include the combination of elements which are literally set forth. In this sense it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements may be made for any one of the elements in the claims below or that a single element may be substituted for two or more elements in a claim. Although elements may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, it is to be expressly understood that one or more elements from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination and that the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. Insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. The claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptionally equivalent, what can be obviously substituted and also what incorporates the essential idea of the invention.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A stent deployment system, comprising: a stent including a braided tube, a stent distal portion and a stent proximal portion; and an elongate member adapted to removably engage the stent distal portion and to move the stent distally. 2. The system of Claim 1 , wherein the elongate member comprises a first elongate member, the system further comprising a second elongate member, the first elongate member being axially movable with respect to the second elongate member. 3. The system of Claim 2, wherein: the second elongate member comprises a guidewire; the stent distal portion is threaded onto the guidewire; and the first elongate member comprises a tube threaded onto the guidewire 4. The system of Claim 2, wherein: the second elongate member comprises a tube defining at least one lumen; the first elongate member comprises a rod disposed in the at least one lumen. 5. The system of Claim 4, wherein: the at least one lumen comprises a first lumen; and the tube further comprises a second lumen. 6. The system of Claim 5, further comprising a guidewire disposed in the second lumen. 7. The system of Claim 4, wherein: the stent distal portion comprises a nosepiece; and the rod comprises a distal tip adapted to engage the nosepiece. 8. The system of Claim 1 , wherein: the stent distal portion comprises a first pigtail coil; and the stent proximal portion comprises a second pigtail coil. 9. A method for deploying a stent in a body conduit, comprising the steps of: providing the stent with a braided tube, a stent distal portion and a stent proximal portion; releasably engaging the stent distal portion with an elongate member; and advancing the stent distally with the elongate member. 10. The method of Claim 9, wherein the elongate member comprises a tube, the method further comprising the steps of: threading the stent distal portion onto a guidewire; and threading the tube over guidewire. 11. The method of Claim 10, further comprising the step of retracting the guidewire into the tube to release the stent distal portion from the guidewire. 12. The method of Claim 9, further comprising the step of disposing the elongate member into a lumen of a tube. 13. The method of Claim 12, wherein the step of releasably engaging the stent distal portion with an elongate member comprises the steps of: disposing a nosepiece of the stent distal portion in the lumen of the tube; and releasably engaging the nosepiece of the stent with the elongate member. 14. The method of Claim 12, wherein the lumen of the tube comprises a first lumen, the method further comprising the steps of: placing a guidewire into the body conduit; providing the tube with a second lumen; and threading the tube over the guidewire by receiving the guidewire in the second lumen. 15. A ureteral stent, comprising: an elongate body; a distal end of the body biased to a first coiled configuration; a proximal end of the body biased to a second coiled configuration; an intermediate section of the body disposed between the distal end of the body and the proximal end of the body; and a guide bushing disposed to extend around the intermediate section of the body. 16. The ureteral stent recited in Claim 15, wherein the guide bushing has radiopaque characteristics. 17. The ureteral stent recited in Claim 15, wherein: the guide bushing is adapted to be moved along a guidewire through a body conduit; and the distal end of the body has properties for being bent back on itself in a straight configuration when the guide bushing is moved along the guidewire through the body conduit. 18. A surgical combination for stenting a ureter, comprising: a guidewire having a distal end, the guidewire being adapted to be positioned in the ureter; a stent having a body, a distal anchor, and a radiopaque marker disposed around the body proximally of the distal anchor; the marker being sized and configured for distal movement along the guidewire to an operative site; and a positioner having a tubular configuration and being adapted for distal movement along the guidewire to hold the marker at the operative site when the guidewire is wire is withdrawn from the ureter. 19. The surgical combination recited in Claim 18, wherein: the distal anchor has a straight configuration and a curled configuration; the distal anchor is disposed in the straight configuration when the marker is moved distally along the guidewire; and the distal anchor has is disposed in the curled configuration when the guidewire is withdrawn from the operative site. 20. The surgical combination recited in Claim 18, wherein the distal anchor of the stent is biased to the curled configuration. 21. A method for positioning a stent in a ureter of a patient, comprising the steps of: providing the stent with a body, a distal end, and a radiopaque marker near the distal end of the stent; placing a guidewire in the ureter; threading the marker onto the guidewire; advancing a positioner along the guidewire to move the marker along the guidewire to an operative site in the ureter; and removing the guidewire and the positioner from the ureter leaving the stent at the operative site in the ureter. 22. The method of Claim 21 , further comprising the step of providing the positioner with a radiopaque distal tip. 23. A method for positioning a stent at an operative site in a body conduit, comprising the steps of: providing the stent with a body and a distal end; biasing the distal end of the stent to a curved configuration; inserting the distal end of the stent into the body conduit; moving the stent through the body conduit to the operative site in the body conduit; and during the inserting step, bending the distal end of the stent along the body of the stent. 24. The method recited in Claim 23, wherein: during the bending step, moving the distal end of the stent from the coiled configuration to a straight configuration. 25. The method recited in Claim 24, wherein: during the providing step, forming the stent of a mesh having properties for being elongated to provide the stent with a low-profile configuration. 26. The method recited in Claim 25, wherein: during the moving step, elongating the distal end of the stent to provide the distal end of the stent with the low-profile configuration. 27. The method recited in Claim 23, wherein: during the providing step, placing a guide bushing around the body of the stent, proximally of the distal end of the stent. 28. The method recited in Claim 27, wherein: prior to the inserting step, placing a guidewire in the body conduit; and during the inserting step, threading the guide bushing onto the guidewire. 29. The method recited in Claim 28, wherein: during the moving step, pushing the bushing along the guidewire to move the guide bushing to the operative site in the body conduit. 30. The method recited in Claim 27, wherein: prior to the placing step, providing the guide bushing with radiopaque characteristics. 31. A method for placing a stent in the body conduit, comprising the steps of: introducing a guidewire in to the body conduit; moving an insertion tube over the guidewire; releasably attaching the stent to the insertion tube; advancing the insertion tube over the guidewire and into the body conduit to position the stent at an operative site in the body conduit; releasing the stent from the insertion tube at the operative site; withdrawing the insertion tube and the guidewire from the body conduit; and during the withdrawal step leaving the stent in the body conduit at the operative site. 32. The method recited in Claim 31 , wherein the step of releasably attaching the stent comprises the step of releasably attaching portions of the stent to the insertion tube with the remaining portions of the stent disposed outwardly of the insertion tube. 33. The method recited in Claim 31 , further comprising the steps of: providing the insertion tube with a first lumen and a second lumen; during the moving step, placing the guidewire into the first lumen; and during the attaching step, releasably locking the portions of the stent in the second lumen. 34. The method recited in Claim 33, wherein the step of releasably locking the portions of the stent in the second lumen further comprises the step of locking the portions of the stent in the second lumen with a rod. 35. A combination, including: a guidewire; a stent having a proximal end and a distal end; an insertion tube including a first lumen and a second lumen; the first lumen being sized and configured to receive the guidewire; and the second lumen of the tube being adapted to receive at least a portion of the stent in a releasably locked relationship. 36. The combination recited in Claim 35, further comprising: portions of the second tube defining a scythe extending into the second lumen; a rod disposed in the second lumen and movable between a first locking position wherein the rod engages the portion of the stent within the second lumen, and a second releasing position wherein the rod disengages the portion of the second stent in the second lumen. 37. The combination recited in Claim 36, wherein: the portion of the stent comprises a distal end of the stent.

Inventors: EWERS RICHARD C, EWERS, RICHARD, C.
Applicants: APPLIED MED RESOURCES, EWERS RICHARD C, APPLIED MEDICAL RESOURCES CORPORATION, EWERS, RICHARD, C.
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A61B
IPC codes: A61B17, A61F2, A61M25, A61M27