IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS ADENOSINE DEAMINASE INHIBITORS

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I) wherein R<1> is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s); R<2> is lower alkyl; R<3> is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; and - A - is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Description: DESCRIPTION IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USEAS ADENOSINE DEAMINASE INHIBITORS Technical Field This invention relates to novel lmidazole compounds having pharmacological activity, to a process for their production and to a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. Background Art Adenosme (Ado) is an endogenous puπne nucleoside released by cells as part of the normal metabolic machinery Ado has wide variety of biological activities, namely potent antimflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, protective effects in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemia, anticonvulsant effects and modulation effects of platelet aggregation , lipolysis, glycogenesis , blood flow and neurotransmission . Ado shows the biological activities by binding to its receptors anchored m the cell membrane. Therefore, it is the beneficial treatment for many diseases to perform the pharmacological elevation of extracellular Ado concentrations Adenosme deammase (ADA) catalyzes an essentially irreversible deammation of adenosme or deoxyadenosine to osme or deoxymosme , respectively In the last 10 years, ADA, which was considered to be cytosolic , has been found on the cell surface of many cells Thus , blocking ADA activity with specific inhibitor is the potent way to elevate Ado concentrations m biological systems and the beneficial treatment for many diseases Some compounds have been known to have inhibitory activity of ADA (J. Med Chem. 27, 274-278, 1984; ibid. 31, 390-393, 1988; ibid . 34, 1187-1192, 1991; ibid. 35, 4180-4184, 1992; ibid. 37, 305-308, 1994; ibid . 37, 3844-3849, 1994; and WO98/02166 ) . Known lmidazole compounds with pharmaceutical activity other than ADA inhibitory activity are described in U . S . PatentNo.4,451,478 and W097/26883. Furthermore, some lmidazole derivatives having ADA inhibitory activity have been reported, for example, as described Drug Developement Reseach 28, 253-258, 1993. Disclosure of the Invention This invention relates to novel lmidazole compounds, which have pharmaceutical activity such as ADA inhibiting activity , to a process for their production, to a pharmaceutical composition containing the same and to a use thereof. One object of this invention is to provide the novel lmidazole compounds, which have an ADA inhibiting activity. Another object of this invention is to provide a process for production of the lmidazole compounds . A further obj ect of this invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition containing the lmidazole compound as an active ingredient Still further object of this invention is to provide a use of the lmidazole compound for manufacturing a medicament for treating or preventing various diseases , or a method of treating or preventing various diseases by administering the lmidazole compound m an effective amount to elevate adenosme concentration. The lmidazole compound of this invention can be represented by the following formula (I) : wherein R * is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with suitable substituent (s) ; R 2 is lower alkyl; R 3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; and - A - is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt. In the compound of formula (I) , R 1 is preferably aryloxy, or aryl optionally substituted with suitable substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy; aryloxy, lower alkylthio; lower alkylsulfmyl ; lower alkylsulfonyl ; lower alkylammo; and lower alkoxy substituted with optionally substituted ammo, protected ammo, halogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfmyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyl , optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , or optionally substituted heterocyclic group More preferably, R is napht yloxy; phenyl substituted with substituent ( s ) selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, aryloxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfmyl , lower alkylsulfonyl , lower alkylammo , and lower alkoxy substituted with optionally substituted ammo , protected ammo , halogen, optionally substituted aryl , optionally substituted aryloxy , optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfmyl, optionally substituted arylsul onyl , optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; or naphthyl substituted with halogen A is preferably ethylene The compound (I) , its prodrug, or their salt can be prepared by the following processes In the following formulae, compounds may be prodrugs or their salts Process 1 The compound (I) wherein R 3 is not hydroxy can be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (III) with a compound of formula (IV) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and A are as defined above, and X 1 is hydroxy or a leaving group (such as halogen , alkanesulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy , and the like) , provided that R 3 is not hydroxy; In this process the compound (I) can be produced by reacting the compound (IV) , where X--- is hydroxy, with alkanesulfonyl chloride (i.e. , methanesuIfonyl chloride, etc.) or arylsulfonyl chloride (i.e. , toluenesulfonyl chloride, etc.) m the presence of a base such as triethy1amine or pyridme in a solvent, which does not adversely affect the reaction, such as dichloromethane , chloroform, tetrahydrofuran , or diethyl ether from 0°C to room temperature for about 1 hour and reacting the resulting sulfonate with the compound (III) m the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, potassium tert-butoxide , or potassium carbonate in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) from room temperature to 100°C. Alternatively, the compound (III) can be reacted with the compound (IV) in the presence of a base such as sodium methoxide , potassium tert-butoxide , or sodium hydride to give the compound (I) . Process 2 The compound (I) wherein R 3 is not hydroxy can also be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (V) R^OH (V) wherein R ~ is as defined above, with a compound of formula (VI) wherein R R 3 , and A are as defined above, and X 2 is hydroxy or a leaving group, provided that R is not hydroxy. The reaction may be carried out in a manner such as the itsunobu reaction or the modification thereof. This reaction can be preferably carried out in the presence of di (lower) alkyl azodicarboxylate (e.g. , diethyl azodicarboxylate, etc.) and trialkyl or triarylphosphines (e.g., triphenylphosphine , etc.) in a solvent, which does not adversely affect the reaction , such as tetrahydrofuran , diethyl ether , or the like . The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to warming. This reaction may also be carried out in a similar manner to Process 1. Process 3 The compound (I) wherein R 3 is hydroxy can be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (1-1! wherein R 1 , R 2 , and A are as defined above , and R is hydroxy protective group, with a deprotecting agent. The compound (1-1) can be reacted with a deprotecting agent such as palladium hydroxide on carbon/cyclohexane , iodotrimet ylsilane or tetrabutylam onium fluoride in a solvent, which does not adversely affect the reaction, such as ethanol, chloroform or tetrahydrofuran . The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to warming. Process 4 The compound (I) that is represented by formula (IX) wherein R 2 and R 3 are as defined above, X 3 is hydrogen or halogen, and R 4 is lower alkyl substituted with optionally substituted amino, protected amino, halogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , optionally substituted arylsulfonyl , optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; wherein substituent (s) of the optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , optionally substituted arylsulfonyl , optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , and optionally substituted heterocyclic group , are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl or halo (lower) alkyl ; halogen; aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen; aryl (lower) alkyl ; heterocyclic group optionally substituted with cyano ; aryloxy (lower) alkyl aryl (lower) alkenyl ; arylthio; lower cycloalkyl; lower alkylthio heterocyclicthio optionally substituted with halogen; lower alkoxy cyano ; lower alkyl; halo (lower) alkyl ; and ammo optionally substituted with lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl; can be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (VII) wherein R 2 , R 3 , and X 3 are as defined above, with a compound of formula (VIII) R 4 -X 4 (VIII) wherein R is as defined above and X is a leaving group. The reaction can be carried out m the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in a solvent, which does not adversely affect the reaction, such as , N-dimethylformamide from 0 C to 150°C for 1 hour to 72 hours. In the following, suitable examples of the definitions to be included within the scope of the mvention are explained m detail The term "lower" means a group having 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) , unless otherwise provided. Suitable "lower alkyl" and lower alkyl moiety of "lower alkoxy, " "lower alkylthio," "lower alkylsulf yl , " "lower alkylsulfonyl , " "lower alkylammo," "halo (lower) alkyl , " "aryl (lower) alkyl , " "aryl (lower) alkoxy , " "aryloxy (lower) alkyl , " and "lower alkanoyl" include a straight or branched one such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl , hexyl , or the like, with methyl being preferred. Suitable "lower cycloalkyl" includes one having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or the like, with cyclohexyl being preferred. Suitable "lower alkenyl" and lower alkenyl moiety of "aryl (lower) alkenyl" include a straight or branched one such as ethenyl , allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, or the like, with ethenyl being preferred. Suitable "lower alkylene" may be straight or branched one having 1 to 8 carbon atom(s), such as methylene, ethylene, trimethylene , tetramethylene, pentametylene, hexamethylene, or the like, with ethylene being preferred. Suitable "halogen" and halogen moiety of "haloaryl" and "halo (lower) alkyl" include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Suitable "aryl" and aryl moiety of "aryloxy," "haloaryl," "arylthio," "arylsulfinyl , " "arylsulfonyl , " "aryl (lower) alkyl , " "aryl (lower) alkoxy , " "aryloxy (lower) alkyl , " and "aryl (lower) alkenyl" include phenyl , naphthyl , tolyl , xylyl, or the like, with phenyl and naphthyl being preferred. Suitable "protected amino" includes (lower) alkoxycarbonylamino such as methoxycarbonylamino , ethoxycarbonylamino , 2,2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino , 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonylamino , 2-phenylethoxycarbonylamino , t-butoxycarbonylamino , allyloxycarbonylamino , or the like; acylamino such as formylamino, acetylamino, trichloroacetylamino , benzoylamino , phthalimidoamino , or the like. Suitable amino protective groups in the protected amino group include (lower) alkoxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl , ethoxycarbonyl , 2,2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl , 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl , 2-phenylethoxycarbonyl , t-butyoxycarbonyl , allyloxycarbonyl , or the like and acyl such as formyl, acetyl , trichloroacetyl , benzoyl, phthalimido, or the like. Suitable "lower alkylammo" includes mono (lower) alkylammo and di (lower) alkylammo , such as methylamino , dimethylamino , ethylamino, diethylamino , or the like. Suitable "heterocyclic group" and heterocyclic group moiety of "heterocyclicthio" include one containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atom, and include saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group such as: (1) unsaturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolmyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidmyl, pyrazmyl, pyπdazmyl, tπazolyl [e.g., 4H-1 , 2 , -trιazolyl , 1H-1 , 2 , 3-trιazolyl , 2H-1 , 2 , 3-trιazolyl , etc.], tetrazolyl [e.g., lH-tetrazolyl , 2H-tetrazolyl , etc.], etc.; (2) saturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolidmyl , lmidazolidmyl , pipeπdmo, piperazmyl, etc.; (3) unsaturated, condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, dolyl, isoindolyl, mdolizmyl, benzimidazolyl , qumolyl, isoqumolyl, mdazolyl , benzotπazolyl , tetrazolopyπdazmyl [e.g., tetrazolo [1 , 5-b] pyπdazmyl , etc.], etc . ; (4) unsaturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example , pyranyl , furyl , etc . ; (5) unsaturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms, for example, thienyl , etc . ; (6) unsaturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 r itiogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl [e.g., 1 , 2 , 4-oxadιazolyl , 1 , 3 , 4-oxadιazolyl , 1 , 2 , 5-oxadιazolyl , etc.], etc . ; (7) saturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, morphol yl, etc . ; (8) unsaturated, condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzoxazolyl , benzoxadiazolyl , etc.; (9) unsaturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g , 1,2, 4-thiadiazolyl , 1,3, 4-thiadiazolyl , 1,2, 5-thiadiazolyl , etc . ] , etc . ; (10) saturated, 3 to 7-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, t iazolidinyl , etc.; (11) unsaturated, condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzothiazolyl , benzothiadiazolyl , etc.; (12) unsaturated, condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, benzothiophen , benzofuran, etc.; or the like. Among the above, more preferable "heterocyclic group" is unsaturated heteromonocyclic group such as above-mentioned (1) , (4) , (5) , (6) , and (9) , in which most preferable one is pyrrolyl (e.g. , 1-pyrrolyl) , pyridyl (e.g. , 2-pyridyl) , thienyl (e.g. , 2-thienyl and 3-thienyl) , oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1 ,2 , 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) , thiazolyl (e.g. , 2-thiazolyl) , or thiadiazolyl (e.g. , 1,2, 3-thiadiazol-4-yl) . Suitable "protected hydroxy" includes lower alkoxy optionally substituted with aryl; acyloxy; or tri (lower) alkylsilyloxy (i.e., trimethylsilyloxy, tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy, etc.) ; or the like. Suitable hydroxy protective groups in the protected hydroxy group include lower alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; acyl; tri (lower) alkylsilyl (i.e., trimethylsilyl , tert-butyldimethyl-silyl , etc.) ; or the like. Here, suitable "acyl" includes acetyl , trifluoroacetyl , or the like. Suitable "leaving group" includes halogen, acyloxy (e.g., acetyloxy, trifluoroacetyloxy , etc.) , lower alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g. , methanesulfonyloxy , etc.), triarylphosphinoxy (e.g., -O-P^CgH^^ , etc.) , or the like. Suitable substituent (s) of "optionally substituted amino," "optionally substituted aryl," "optionally substituted aryloxy," "optionally substituted arylthio," "optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , " "optionally substituted arylsulfonyl , " "optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , " and "optionally substituted heterocyclic group," each independently include aryl optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl or halo (lower) alkyl ; halogen; aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen; aryl (lower) alkyl ; heterocyclic group optionally substituted with cyano ; aryloxy (lower) alkyl ; aryl (lower) alkenyl ; arylthio; lower cycloalkyl; lower alkylthio; heterocyclicthio optionally substituted with halogen; lower alkoxy; cyano; lower alkyl; halo (lower) alkyl ; ammo optionally substituted with lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl, or the like Suitable "optionally substituted ammo" includes unsubstituted ammo, lower alkylammo (e g , methylammo, dimethylammo , etc.) , or the like The term "optionally substituted aryl" means aryl which is optionally substituted with one or more substituent (s) selected from halogen, optionally substituted aryloxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkoxy, aryl, aryl (lower ) alkyl , optionally substituted heterocyclic group, aryloxy (lower) alkyl , aryl (lower) alkenyl , arylthio, lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclicthio, cyano, halo (lower) alkyl , lower alkyl, and the like Examples of the "optionally substituted aryl" mclude unsubstituted aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, or the like; haloaryl such as 3-fluorophenyl , 4-fluorophenyl , 4-chlorophenyl , 2 , 3-dιchlorophenyl , 3 , 4-dιchlorophenyl , 3-bromophenyl , 4-bromophenyl , 3 , 5-dιbromophenyl , 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl , 6-chloro-l-naphthyl , 7-chloro-l-naphthyl , or the like, aryl substituted with aryloxy which may be substituted with halogen, such as phenoxyphenyl , 4-fluorophenoxyphenyl , or the like, lower alkylthioaryl such as 2- (methylthio) phenyl , 4- (methylthio) phenyl , or the like, lower alkoxyaryl such as 4-methoxyphenyl , 3 , 5-dιmethoxyphenyl , 4-ethoxyphenyl , or the like; arylaryl such as 4-bιphenylyl or the like, aryl (lower) alkylaryl such as 4- (1-me hy1-1-phenylethyl) phenyl or the like, aryl substituted with heterocyclic group which may be substituted with cyano, such as 4- (2-thienyl) phenyl , 4- (2-pyridyl) phenyl , 4- (1 , 2 , 3-thιadιazol-4-yl) phenyl , 4- (2-cyano-1-pyrrolyl) phenyl , or the like; aryloxy (lower ) alkylaryl such as 3- (phenoxymethyl) phenyl or the like, aryl (lower) alkenylaryl such as 4-styrylphenyl or the like; arylthioaryl such as 4- (phenylthio) phenyl or the like; lower cycloalkylaryl such as 4-cyclohexylphenyl or the like; aryl substituted with heterocyclicthio which may be substituted with halogen, such as 4- (2-thιenylthιo) phenyl , 4- (5-chloro-2-thιenylthιo) phenyl , or the like; cyanoaryl such as 4-cyanophenyl or the like; halo (lower) alkylaryl such as 3 , 5-bιs (trifluoromethyl) phenyl or the like ; and lower alkylaryl such as 4-ιsopropylphenyl , 3 , 5-dιmethylphenyl , or the like. Suitable "optionally substituted aryloxy" includes unsubstituted aryloxy such as phenoxy , 1-naphthyloxy, 2-naphthyloxy, or the like; arylaryloxy such as 4-bιphenylyloxy or the like; and haloaryloxy such as 4-fluorophenoxy , 4-chlorophenoxy , or the like Suitable "optionally substituted arylthio" includes unsubstituted arylthio such as phenylthio or the like and haloarylthio such as 4-chlorophenylthιo or the like. Suitable "optionally substituted arylsulfmyl" includes unsubstituted arylsulfmyl such as phenylsulfmyl or the like and haloarylsulfmyl such as 4-chlorophenylsulfmyl or the like. Suitable "optionally substituted arylsulfonyl" includes unsubstituted arylsulfonyl such as phenylsulfonyl or the like and haloarylsulfonyl such as 4-chlorophenylsulfonyl or the like. Suitable "optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy" includes unsubstituted aryl (lower) alkoxy such as benzyloxy, 1-naphthylmethyloxy , 2-naphthylmethyloxy , or the like, haloaryl (lower) alkoxy such as 3 , 4-dιchlorobenzyloxy or the like. Suitable "optionally substituted heterocyclic group" includes unsubstituted heterocyclic group; heterocyclic group substituted with aryl which may be substituted with halogen, lower alkyl, or halo (lower) alkyl , such as 5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,2, 4-oxyadιazol-3-yl , 2- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -4-thιazolyl , 5- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-thienyl , or the like; heterocyclic group substituted with ammo which may be substituted with lower alkyl and/or lower alkanoyl, such as 2- (N-methylpropionylammo) -4-thιazolyl or the like; heterocyclic group substituted with heterocyclic group, such as 4- (3-thιenyl) -2-thienyl or the like; heterocyclic group substituted with heterocyclicthio, such as 5- (2-thιazolylthιo) -2-thienyl or the like; heterocyclic group substituted with halogen, such as 5-bromo-2-thιenyl or the like. Suitable salts of the compounds of the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable conventional non-toxic salts and can be an organic acidaddition salt (e.g. formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate , maleate, tartarate , oxalate, methanesulfonate , benzenesulfonate , toluenesulfonate , etc.) , an inorganic acid addition salt (e.g. hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, etc ) , a salt with an ammo acid (e g. aspartic acid salt, glutamic acid salt, etc.) , or the like. The "prodrug" means the derivatives of compounds of the present invention having a chemically orme abolically degradable group , which becomes pharmaceutically active after biotransformation The compounds of formula (I) may contam one or more asymmetric centers and thus they can exist as enantiomers or diastereoisomers . Furthermore certam compounds of formula (I) which contam alkenyl groups may exist as cis- or trans-isomers In each instance, the invention includes both mixtures and separate individual isomers The compounds of the formula (I) may also exist in tautomeric forms and the invention includes bothmixtures and separate individual tautomers The compound of the formula (I) and its salt can be in a form of a solvate , which is included within the scope of the present invention The solvate preferably mclude a hydrate and an ethanolate Also included m the scope of invention are radiolabelled derivatives of compounds of formula (I) which are suitable for biological studies The compound of the present invention can be purified by any conventional purification methods employed for purifying organic compounds, such as recrystallization , column chromatography , thm-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and the like The compounds can be identified by conventional methods such as NMR spectrography , mass spectrography , IR spectrography , elemental analysis, and measurement of melting point. The compound ( I ) , its prodrug , or their salt can be administered alone or m the form of a mixture, preferably, with a pharmaceutical vehicle or carrier. The active ingredient of this invention can be used in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation, for example, in solid, semisolid or liquid form, which contains a compound (I) , as an active ingredient, m admixture with an organic or inorganic carrier or excipient suitable for oral, external (topical) , enteral , intravenous, intramuscular, parenteral or mtramucous applications. The active ingredient can be formulated, for example, with the conventional non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for ointment, cream, plaster, tablets, pellets, capsules, suppositories, solution (saline, for example) , emulsion, suspension (olive oil, for example) , aerosols, pills, powders, syrups, injections, troches, cataplasms, aromatic waters, lotions, buccal tablets, sublmgual tablets, nasal drops and any other form suitable for use. The carriers which can be used are water, wax, glucose, lactose, gum acacia, gelatin, mannitol, starch paster , magnesium trisilicate , talc, corn starch, keratm, paraffin, colloidal silica, potato starch, urea and other carriers suitable for use m manufacturing preparations , m solid, semisolid, or liquid form, and m addition auxiliary , stabilizing, thickening and coloring agents and perfumes may be used. The active compound is included m a pharmaceutical composition an effective amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of the diseases The active ingredient can be formulated mto, for example, preparations for oral application, preparations for injection, preparations for external application, preparations for inhalation, preparations for application to mucous membranes Mammals which may be treated by the present invention mclude livestock mammals such as cows, horses, etc , domestic animals such as dogs, cats, rats, etc. and humans, preferably humans. While the dosage of therapeutically effective amount of the compound (I) will vary depending upon the age and condition of each individual patient, an average single dose to a human patient of about 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg of the compound (I) may be effective for treating the above-mentioned diseases. In general, amounts between 0.01 mg/body and about 1,000 mg/body may be administered per day. An ADA inhibitor , such as the compound (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts of this invention, possesses ADA inhibiting activity and are thus useful m immunomodulation , especially immunosuppression , antnnflammation and treatment and prevention of various diseases for which Ado is effective. Examples of the diseases are as follows- a) Autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions , e.g. , various pains collagen diseases, autoimmune diseases, various immunity diseases, and the like inhuman beings or animals , andmore particularly for the treating and/or preventing inflammation and pain m joint and muscle (e.g rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis , gouty arthritis , etc.) , inflammatory skin condition (e.g. sunburn, eczema, etc.), inflammatory eye condition (e.g. conjunctivitis , etc . ) , lung disorder in which inflammation is involved (e.g. asthma, bronchitis, pigeon fancier's disease, farmer's lung, etc.) , condition of the gastrointestinal tract associated with inflammation (e.g. aphthous ulcer, Crohn ' s disease, atrophic gastritis, ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, regional lleitis, irritable bowel syndrome , etc.) , gingivitis, (inflammation, pain and tumescence after operation or injury) , pyrexia, pain and other conditions associated with inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus , scleroderma, polymyositis , polychondπtis , periarteπtis nodosa, ankylosmg spondylitis, inflammatory chronic renal condition (e.g. nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephπtis , membranous nephritis, etc.) , acute nephritis, rheumatic fever, Sjogren's syndrome, Behcet disease, thyroiditis, type I diabetes, dermatomyositis , chronic active hepatitis, acute hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, ldiopathic sprue, Grave's disease, multiple sclerosis, primary billiary cirrhoπs, Reiter's syndrome , autoimmune hematological disorders (e.g. hemolytic anemia , pure red cell anemia , ldiopathic thrombocytopenia , aplastic anemia, etc.) , myasthenia gravis, uveitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, Kawasaki disease, sarcoidosis , Wegner ' s granulomatosis , Hodgkm ' s disease , or the like ; b) Organ or tissue allo-or xeno-transplant rej ection, e.g. , kidney, liver, heart, lung, combined heart-lung, bone marrow, islet cells, pancreatic, skm, chromaffm or dopamine producing cells , smallbowel, or corneal transplantation. Treating and/or preventing graf -versus-host disease, such as occurs following bone marrow transplantation ; c) Chronic pam (e.g. , cancer pain, diabetic neuropathy, etc) ; d) Various leukemias, including virus induced, or various induced lymphomas ; and e) Diseases that arise from, or are aggravated by, insufficient blood flow through a particular organ or portion thereof, e.g. , heart attacks or strokes, the microvascular disease of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis , or events resulting m a less prolonged loss of blood flow (e.g., angina pectoris, transient ischemic attacks, bowel ischemia, kidney ischemia, mtermittant claudication of skeletal muscle, migraine headaches, Raynaud ' s phenomenon) , or the like. An ADA inhibitor, such as the compound (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this invention, is useful for protection against the progression of glomerulosclerosis by suppressing glomerular hypertension and hyperflltration , and thus useful for treatment and/or prevention of glomerulosclerosis. An ADA inhibitor, such as the compound (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this invention, is useful for complementing the defect of an IL-2 inhibitor, such as FK506 , cyclosporm, or the like, m lmmunosuppresive effects. Thus, the combination use of the two compounds enables treatment and prevention of various diseases and conditions m need of immunosuppression Any patents , patent applications , and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference In order to illustrate the usefulness of the object compound (I) , the pharmacological test data of the compound (I) are shown m the following Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Enzyme Assay Test Compound: 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3- (4-chlorophenyl) propoxy) -pheny 1] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (Example 8) l-[ (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] -imid azole-4-carboxamide (Example 12) Test method: The reaction velocity (V) is measured by a change in absorbance at 265 nm (A265) resulting from the deamination of adenosine. Human ADA was expressed and purified from ADA-deficient bacterial strain. Reaction mixtures of a total volume of 200 μl contained 0.16 μg/ml of ADA and 0.1 mM of adenosine and test compound in 10 mM phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) . The reaction was started by addition of ADA to a mixture of adenosine and test compound . The reaction was followed at room temperature by recording decrease in A265 for 3 minutes in SPECTRAmax 250 (Molecular Devices, USA) to automatically calculate Vmax . Inhibitory potency of test compound was expressed as ICso value , the drug concentration required to produce 50% inhibition of Vmax in comparison to vehicle treatment. Results : Test Compound ICso (nM) Example 8 <20 Example 12 <20 Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows chemical formulae of compound (1) to compound (5) and compound (6-1) . Fig. 2 shows chemical formulae of compound (6-2) and compound (7) to compound (12) . Fig.3 shows chemical formulae of compound (13) to compound (20) . Fig.4 shows chemical formulae of compound (21) to compound (28) Fig.5 shows chemical formulae of compound (29) to compound (36) Fig. 6 shows chemical formulae of compound (37) to compound (44) Fig.7 shows chemical formulae of compound (45) to compound (52) Fig. 8 shows chemical formulae of compound (53) to compound (60) Fig.9 shows chemical formulae of compound (61) to compound (68) Fig. 10 shows chemical formulae of compound (69) to compound (72) Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention The following Preparation and Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention in detail, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the present invention. Preparation 1 2-Methylthiophenylmethylmagnesium chloride was prepared from magnesium turnings (654 mg) and 2- (chloromethyl) thioanisole (1.55 g) in ether (29 ml) by the method of J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1943) 65, 295. A solution of lithium chloride (38 mg) and copper (II) chloride (60 mg) in THF (2.8 ml) was added dropwise to the ethereal solution of the Grignard reagent followed by addition of a solution of (2RS,3S) -3- (benzyloxy) -1 , 2-epoxybutane (0.8g) in ether (8ml) below -60°C. The mixture was stirred at -70°C for 1 h, and then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. After cooling, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (22 ml) . The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. Column chromatography (CH 2 CI2) over silica gel gave a pale brown oil of (2S,3S)-2-benzyloxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) pentan-3-ol (0.65 g, 45.8%) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.20 ( 3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 1.6-1.9 (2H ,m) , 2.46(3H,s), 2.66 (lH,d,J=3Hz) , 2.7-3.1 (2H,m) , 3.4-3.6 (2H,m) , 4.44 (lH,d,J=HHz) , 4.67 ( 1H , d, J=llHz ) , 7.0-7.4 (9H ,m) . MS: 339(M+Na) + . Example 1 To an ice-cooled solution of (2S , 3S) -2-benzyloxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) pentan-3-ol (0.64 g) m dichloromethane (12 ml) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.234 ml) followed by tπethylamme (0.421 ml) . The mixture was stirred at 4°C for 40 mm. The mixture was washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo to give 2- [ (3S , 4S) -4-benzyloxy-3- (methanesulfonyloxy) pentyl ] -thioanisole (0.92 g) as an oil. A suspension of ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (313 mg) in DMF (3.8 ml) was treated with sodium hydride (60% mineral oil, 129 mg) at ice-bath temperature and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 mm. A solution of 2- [ (3S , 4S) -4-benzyloxy-3-me hanesulfonyloxypentyl] thioanisole (0.92 g) m DMF (7.5 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 85°C for 3 days . The mixture was poured mto water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated m vacuo. Column chromatography (dichloromethane : methanol = 30:1) gave 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] lmidazo le-4-carboxamιde (1) (96.4 mg , 11.6%) as a pale yellow oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , d) : 1.07 (3H, d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.4(2H, m), 2.44(3H,s), 2.5-2.7 (2H, m) , 3.6-3.8 (1H, m) , 3.9-4.1 ( 1H , m) , 4.39 (1H, d, J=12Hz) , 4.58 (1H, d, J=12Hz) , 5.37 (1H, s) , 6.9-7.2(1 OH, m) , 7.50 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 7.69 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) . MS (APCI, m/z) : 410(M+H) + . Example 2 A mixture of l-[(2S,3R)-2- (benzyloxy) -5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] lmida zole-4-carboxamιde (133 mg) and lodotπmethylsilane (0.16 ml) m chloroform (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was poured mto cola methanol and the whole was evaporated m vacuo. The residue was taken up ethyl acetate, washed with water , aqueous sodium b sulfite and sodium bicarbonate , successively, and dried. The residue left after evaporation of solvent was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (20:1) to give a white powder of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole -4-carboxamide (2) (62 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.11 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (5H ,m) , 2.45(3H,s), 3.9-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.41(lH,s), 6.9-7.3 (5H ,m) , 7.50 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 7.73 (1H , d,J=lHz ) . MS : 320 (M+H ) + . [α ] D 22 = +28 . 0 ° ( c 1 . 0 , EtOH ) . Example 3 A mixture of 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole -4-carboxamide (7.1 mg) and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (75%; 5.12 mg) in dichloromethane (1 l) was stirred at 5 C for 2 hours. The mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (5:1) to give a colorless oil of 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylsulfinyl) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide (3) (5.4 mg) . NMR (CDCI 3 , δ): 1.0-1.2 (3H,m) , 2.1-2.9 ( 8H ,m) , 3.8-4.1 (2H ,m) , 5.50(lH,s), 6.9-7.5 (5H,m) , 7.7-8.0 (2H ,m) . MS: 336(M+H) + . Example 4 A mixture of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole -4-carboxamide (6.0 mg) and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (75%; 13 mg) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (10:1) to give a colorless oil of 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide (4) (4.6 mg) . NMR (CDCI 3 , δ): 1.13 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.0-3.0 (5H ,m) , 3.03(3H,s), 3.9-4.2 (2H,m) , 5.60 (lH,s) , 7.08 (lH,s) , 7.2-8.1 (6H ,m) . MS: 352(M+H) + . Example 5 A mixture of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-ca rboxamide (20 mg) , 3- (dimethylammo) propyl chloride hydrochloride (32.7 mg) and potassium carbonate (38 mg) in , N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) was stirred overnight at 60°C. The mixture was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, elutmg with amixture of dichloromethane , triethylamme, andmethanol (20:1:4) and the product was treated with HC1 m EtOAc to give a pale brown oil of 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- ( 3-dιmethylammopropoxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde dihydrochloπde (5) (21.2 mg) . MS: 375(M+H) + . [α] D 22 = +2.0 ° (c 0.50, EtOH) . Example 6-1 A mixture of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-ca rboxamide (0.11 g) , l-bromo-6-phthalιmιdohexane (0.47 g) and potassium carbonate (0.42 g) m , N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) was stirred overnight at room temperature The mixture was taken up ethyl acetate, washed three times with water, dried, and evaporaced The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, elutmg with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (20:1) to give a white powder of 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- ( 6-phthalιmιdohexyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (6-1) (219 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) .1.08 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1 3-1.9 ( 8H ,m) , 2 0-2.7 (5H,m) , 3.6-4.0 (6H,m) , 5 40(lH,s), 6 7-7.3 (5H ,m) , 7.46 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 7.7-7.9 (5H,m) . Example 6-2 A mixture of 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (6-phthalιmιdo-hexyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (217 mg) , hydrazine hydrate (0.04 ml) , MeOH (2.9 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (2.9 ml) was stirred overnight at room temperature and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane, acetic acid and methanol (15 : 1 : 5) and the product was treated with HCl in EtOAc to give a pale brown powder of 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (6-aminohexyloxy) -phenyl] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamide dihydrochloride (6-2) (120 mg) . NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.98 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 1.2-1.8 ( 8H ,m) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 2.7-2.9 (2H ,m) , 3.3-4.3 (4H ,m) , 6.7-7.2 (4H,m) , 7.8-8.4 (6H ,m) , 9.08(lH,s). MS: 389(M+H) + . [α] D 23 = +8.0 ° (c 0.50, EtOH) . Example 7 A mixture of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-ca rboxamide (10 mg) , 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl tosylate (27.4 mg) and potassium carbonate (14.9 mg) in N, -dimethylformamide (1 ml) was stirredat 130°C for 13hours. Themixture was takenup in ethyl acetate , washed three times with water, dried, and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (10:1) to give a pale brown powder of l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl ] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide (7) (7.0 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) : 1.10 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7(5H,m) , 3.8-4.1(2H,m) , 4.37 (2H,q,J=8Hz) , 5.41(lH,s), 6.78 ( 1H , d , J=8Hz ) , 6.9-7.3 (4H,m) , 7.45(lH,s), 7.68(lH,s). MS: 372(M+H) + . [α] D 23 = +15.6 ° (c 0.125, EtOH). Example 8 The following compound was preparedby a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3- (4-chlorophenyl) propoxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (8 ) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) : 1.08 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.8 (9H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (4H,m) , 5.33(lH,s) , 6.7-7.3 (9H,m) , 7.45(lH,s) , 7.70(lH,s) . MS: 442 (M+H) + . [α] D 21 = +19.4 ° (c 0.30, EtOH) . Preparation 2 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Preparation 1. (2S , 3S) -2-benzyloxy-5- (6-chloro-1-naphthyl) pentan-3-ol NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.17 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.0 (2H ,m) , 2.71 (lH,d,J=3Hz) , 3.0-3.6 (4H,m) , 4.42 (1H , d , J=llHz ) , 4.67 (lH,d,J=HHz) , 7.3-8.1(llH,m). MS: 377 (M+Na) + . Example 9 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (6-chloro-1-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] -imidazo le-4-carboxamide (9) NMR (CDCI 3 , d) : 1.04 (3H, d, J=6Hz) , 2.1-2.6 (2H, m) , 2.7-3.0 (2H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (1H, ) , 3.9-4.0 (1H, m) , 4.35 (1H, d, J=llHz) , 4.56(1H, d, J=llHz), 5.46(1H, s), 6.9-7.9(14H, m) . MS: 448 (M+H) + . Example 10 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 2. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (6-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide (10) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ) : 1.09 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.2-2.5 (3H,m) , 2.7-3.1 (2H,m) , 3.8-4.1 (2H,m) , 5.46 (lH,s) , 7.01 (lH,s) , 7.1-7.9 (8H,m) . MS: 358(M+H) + . [α; 21 +15.9 (c 0.50, EtOH) . Preparation 3 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Preparation 1. (2S , 3S) -2-benzyloxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) pentan-3-ol NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) : 1.18 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.0 (2H,m) , 2.69 (lH,d,J=4Hz) , 3.0-3.7 (4H ,m) , 4.44 ( 1H , d, J=llHz ) , 4.68 (lH,d,J=HHz) , 7.2-8.1 ( 11H ,m) . MS: 377(M+Na)\ Example 11 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] -imidazo le-4-carboxamide (11) NMR (CDCI 3 , d) : 1.04 (3H, d, J=6Hz) , 2.1-2.6 (2H, m) , 2.7-3.1 (2H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (1H, m) , 3.9-4.0 (1H, m) , 4.36 (1H, d, J=llHz) , 4.56 (1H, d, J=llHz) ,5.40(lH,s),6.99(lH,s),7.1-7.9(13H, m) . MS: 448(M+H) + . Example 12 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 2. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide (12) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ) : 1.10 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.6 (3H,m) , 2.7-3.1 (2H ,m) , 3.9-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.43 (lH,s) , 7.01 (lH,s) , 7.1-7.9 (8H,m) . MS: 358(M+H)\ [α] D 21 = +38.1 ° (c 0.10, EtOH) Example 13 To a stirred mixture of 1-naphthol (48.5 mg, 0.336 mmol) , 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imidazole-4-carboxamid e (85 mg , 0.280 mmol) , and triphenylphosphine (88.2 mg, 0.336 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was added dropwise diethyl azodicarboxylate (58.6 mg, 0.336 mmol) at ice-bath temperature. After the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purifiedby silica gel (10 g) chromatography eluting with chloroform/methanol (40:1) to give a mixture (60.6 mg) of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (1-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-ca rboxamide (13) and by-products . This material was used without further purification . MS: 430(M+H) + . Example 14 To a solution of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (1-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-ca rboxamide (56.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) cyclohexene (3 ml) and ethanol (6 ml) was added 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (30 mg) . The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux for 22h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through Celite and washed with ethanol . The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and then the residue was purified by silica gel (1 4 g) chromatography eluted with chloroform/methanol (50:1 to 10:1) to give 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (1-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-carb oxamide (14) (24.8 mg , 55.6%) . IR (KBr, cm "1 ): 3600-2800, 1658, 1589, 1267, 1099 NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.97 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 2.30-2.80 (2H , m) , 3.70-4.50 (4H, m) , 5.22(1H, d, J=5.0Hz), 6.84/11-., d, J=7.3Hz) , 7.03 (1H, brs) , 7.15-7.60 (5H, m) , 7.60-8.20 (4H , m) . MS: 340(M+H) + [ α ] D 24 2 = +94 . 10 C = 0 . 50 , EtOH ) . Example 15 To a stirred mixture of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5-hydroxy-3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιd e (85 mg, 0.28 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (64 mg, 0.56 mmol) m dichloromethane (5 ml) was added dropwise triethylamme (57 mg, 0.56 mmol) at ice-bath temperature. After lh, the reaction mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and water . The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate) , and concentrated in vacuo to give 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5-methylsulfonyoxy-3-pentyl] imidazole-4-c arboxamide (106 mg, 99%) as an oil. This material was used immediately without further purification. Under N 2 , to a solution of 2-naphthol (49 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added potassium carbonate (93 mg, 0.67 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The methanesulfonate prepared above was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 6h at 60-70°C. The reaction mixture was poured into water (30 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate . The organic layer was washed withbrine , dried (sodium sulfate) and evaporated in vacuo . The residue was purified by silica gel (4.8 g) chromatography eluting with chloroform/methanol (40:1) to give 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (2-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-ca rboxamide (15) (51 mg, 42.4%). IR (KBr, cm "1 ): 3600-2800, 1666, 1595, 1261. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.19(3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 2.10 - 2.75(2H, m) , 3.60-3.90 (2H, m) , 4.08 (1H, m) , 4.30-4.70 (3H,m) , 5.36 (1H, brs) , 6.80-7.15 (3H,m) , 7.20-7.50 (8H, m) , 7.60-7.80 (4H, m) . MS: 430(M+H) + . [α] D 24 7 = +59.30°(C = 0.50, EtOH). Example 16 This compound was prepared by a similar procedure to that of Example 14. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-carb oxamide (16) (28.6mg, 79.3%) . IR (KBr, cm "1 ) : 3600-2800, 1655, 1597, 1261. NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ) : 0.94(3H, d, J=6.2Hz) , 2.20-2.65 (2H , m) , 3.65-4.55 (4H, m) , 5.21(1H, d, J=4.2Hz) , 6.90-7.50 ( 6H , m) , 7.60-7.90 (5H, m) . MS: 340(M+H) + . [α] D 24'2 = +71.20" (C = 0.50, EtOH) . Example 17 A solution of 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2 , 3-dichlorophenyl) -3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4 -carboxamide (74 mg) and 4N hydrogen chloride m ethyl acetate (0.2 ml) m methanol (5 ml) was evaporated m vacuo. The residue was crystallized from acetone to give a pale yellow powder of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2 , 3-dichlorophenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4 -carboxamide hydrochloride (17) (74 mg) . NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.98 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.9 (4H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (lH,m) , 4.2- .4 ( 1H ,m) , 7.2-7.6 (3H ,m) , 7.79(lH,s), 8.18(lH,s), 8.30(lH,s), 9.03(lH,s) MS: 342 (M+H) + Example 18 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenoxy) ethoxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (18) NMR (DMS0-d 6 , δ ): 0.92 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.5 (4H ,m) , 3.7-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 4.29(4H,s), 6.8-7.4 (8H,m) , 7.73(lH,s), 8.04(lH,s), 8.14(lH,s), 8.82 (1H,S) . MS: 444 (M+H) + Example 19 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenylthιo) ethoxy) phenyl ] - 3-pentyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamide (1 ) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) 1.08 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.7 ( 5H ,m) , 3.2-3.4 (2H,m) , 3 8-4.2(4H,m), 5.39(lH,s), 6.7-7.4 (9H,m) , 7 46 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) , 7.72 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) . MS: 460 (M+H) + Example 20 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 4 . l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenylsulfonyl) ethoxy) phen yl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (20) NMR (CDC1 3 , ): 1.06 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.7 (5H,m) , 3.5-4.0 (4H,m) , 4.2-4.5 (2H,m) , 5.87(lH,s), 6.7-8.1 (HH,m) . MS: 514(M+Na) + Example 21 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (3 , 4-dichlorobenzyloxy) ethoxy) pheny 1] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (21) NMR (CDCI 3 , ): 0.96 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.97 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.1-2.8 (4H,m) , 3.7-4.2 (6H,m) , 4.57 ( 1H , d , J=12Hz) , 4.66 (lH,d,J=12Hz) , 5.37(lH,s), 6.8-7.5 (9H ,m) , 7.71 (lH,s) . MS: 514(M+Na) + Example 22 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-phenylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamide (22) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.75 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.8 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.12(2H,s), 5.30(lH,s), 6.8-7.7 (16H,m) . MS: 456 (M+H) + Example 23 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2- (3 , 4-dichlorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide (23) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.06 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.01(2H,s), 5.39(lH,s), 6.8-7.5 (9H ,m) , 7 . 67 ( lH , s ) . MS : 44 8 (M+H ) + Example 24 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-phenoxybenzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pentyl } i midazole-4-carboxamide (24) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.81 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 ( 2H ,m) , 5.03(2H,s), 5.31(lH,s), 6.8-7. (15H,m) , 7.66 (lH,d,J=lHz) ) . MS: 472 (M+H) + Example 25 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2-naphthylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl} imidazole-4-carboxamide (25) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.00 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.8 ( 5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.23(2H,s), 5.32(lH,s), 6.8-7.4 (9H ,m) , 7.66 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 7.8-8.0 (4H,m) . MS: 430 (M+H) + Example 26 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- ( 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl ) benzyloxy)p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (26) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.00 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.70(6H,s), 1.81 (lH,d,J=5Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.03(2H,s), 5.33(lH,s), 6.8-7.4 ( 15H ,m) , 7.65 (lH,d, J=lHz) . MS: 498(M+H) + Example 27 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1 . l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- , 2- (4- (2-pyridyl) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (27) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.02 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.13 (2H,s) , 5.39 (lH,s) , 6.8-8.1 ( 14H ,m) , 8.69 (lH,d, J=5Hz) . MS: 457(M+H) + Example 28 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (4-fluorophenoxy) benzyloxy) phenyl] - 3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (28) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.8-2.7 (5H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.02 (2H,s) , 5.33 (lH,s) , 6.8-7.7 (15H,m) . MS: 490 (M+H) + Example 29 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3- (phenoxymethyl) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (29 ) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 0.98 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.95 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (2H ,m) , 5.09(2H,s), 5.10(2H,s), 5.35(lH,s), 6.8-7.7 (16H,m) . MS: 486 (M+H) + Example 30 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-isopropylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (30) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.01 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.26 ( 6H , d, J=7Hz ) , 1.93 (lH,d,J=5Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (4H ,m) , 2.8-3.0 (lH,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.04 (2H,s) , 5.37 (lH,s) , 6.8-7.4 (10H,m) , 7.66 (lH,d,J=lHz) . MS: 422 (M+H) + Example 31 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-cyano-1-pyrrolyl) -3-fluorobenzyl oxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (31) NMR (CDC1 3 , ): 1.05 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.10 (2H,s) , 5.36 (lH,s) , 6.3-6.5 ( 1H ,m) , 6.8-7.6 (HH,m) , 7.65 (1H , d, J=lHz ) . MS: 488 (M+H) + Example 32 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,2 ,4-oxadiazo 1-3-ylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (32) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ) : 1.09 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.36 (9H,s) , 2.1-2.8 (5H,m) , 3.9-4.1 (2H,m) , 5.35(lH,s), 5.39(2H,s), 6.8-7.6 ( 8H ,m) , 7.72 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 8.01 (2H , d , J=8Hz ) . MS: 504(M+H) + Example 33 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-chlorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (33) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.94 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3 9(lH,m), 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.09(2H,s), 6.8-7.5 (8H,m) , 7.79(lH,s), 8.14(lH,s), 8.23(lH,s) , 8.96 (lH,s) . MS: 414(M+H) + Example 34 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (34) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.94 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.08(2H,s), 6.8-7.3 (4H,m) , 7.34 (2H , d, J=8Hz) , 7.58 (2H , d , J=8Hz ) , 7.70(lH,s), 8.00(lH,s), 8.15(lH,s), 8.82(lH,s). MS: 458, 460 Example 35 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (E) -styrylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (35) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.96 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.11(2H,s), 6.8-7.7 (15H,m) , 7.77(lH,s), 8.10(lH,s), 8.21(lH,s), 8.91 (lH,s) . MS: 482(M+H) + Example 36 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (phenylthio) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pen tyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (36) NMR (DMSO-de, ): 0.93 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.10(2H,s), 6.8-7.5 (13H,m) , 7.75(lH,s), 8.09(lH,s), 8.20(lH,s), 8.91 (lH,s) . MS: 488(M+H) + Example 37 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-cyclohexylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (37) NMR (DMSO-de, δ )• 0.93 (3H , d , J-=6Hz ) , 1.1-1.9 ( 10H ,m) , 2.0-2.6 (5H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (1H ,m) , 5.05(2H,s), 6.8-7.4 (8H,m) , 7.72(lH,s), 8.04(lH,s), 8.17 (lH,s) , 8.84 (lH,s) . MS: 462 (M+H) + Example 38 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2- (2- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -4-thιaz olylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (38) NMR (CDC1 3 , ): 1.02 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.17 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.3-2.8 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.26 (2H,s) , 5.36 (lH,s) , 6.9-7.5 (7H,m) , 7.6-7.8 (3H ,m) , 8.08 (2H , d , J=8Hz ) . MS: 531(M+H) + Example 39 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (methylthio) benzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pen tyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (39) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.95 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.05(2H,s), 6.8-7.4 (8H,m) , 7.80(lH,s), 8.15(lH,s), 8.24(lH,s), 8.97 (lH,s) . MS: 426 (M+H) + Example 40 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3-bromobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (40) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ). 0.95 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.12(2H,s), 6.8-7.7 (8H,m) , 7.74(lH,s), 8.08(lH,s), 8.20(lH,s), 8.93 (lH,s) . MS: 458, 460 Example 41 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl}imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (41) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.93 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (1H ,m) , 5.11(2H,s), 6.8-7.7 (7H,m) , 7.77(lH,s), 8.10(lH,s), 8.19(lH,s), 8.92 (1H,S) . MS: 476, 478 Example 42 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (1 , 2 , 3-thiadiazol-4-yl ) benzyloxy) ph enyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (42) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.05 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 1.9-2.8 (5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.13(2H,s), 5.36(lH,s), 6.8-7.5 (6H ,m) , 7.51 (2H,d,J=8Hz) , 7.67 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) , 8.10 (2H , d , J=8Hz) , 8.76 (1H,S) . MS: 464 (M+H) + Example 43 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (N-methylpropionylamino) -4-thiazoly lmethyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (43) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.28 (3H , t , J=7Hz ) , 2.0-2.8 (7H,m) , 3.70(3H,s), 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.09(2H,s), 5.37(lH,s), 6.8-7.3 (6H,m) , 7.42 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) , 7.67 (lH,d,J=lHz) . MS: 472 (M+H) + Example 44 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1 . l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-thιenylthιo) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (44) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0. 2 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.05(2H,s), 6.8-7.5 (10H,m) , 7.72(lH,s), 7.83 ( 1H , dd , J=5 , 1Hz ) , 8.05(lH,s), 8.17(lH,s), 8.84(lH,s). MS: 494 (M+H) + Example 45 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- ( 5-chloro-2-thienylthio) benzyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } ιmidazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (45) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.92 ( 3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (1H ,m) , 5.07(2H,s), 6.8-7.5 (10H,m) , 7.74(lH,s), 8.08(lH,s), 8.19(lH,s), 8.89 (lH,s) . MS: 528 (M+H) + Example 46 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-thienyl) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imιdazole-4-carboxamιde (46) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.7-2.8 ( 5H ,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.07 (2H,s) , 5.34 (lH,s) , 6.8-7.7 ( 14H ,m) MS: 462 (M+H) + Example 47 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-methoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } 1 midazole-4-carboxamιde hydrochloride (47) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.94 (3H , d , J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.76(3H,s), 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.00(2H,s), 6.8-7.4 (8H,m) , 7.79(lH,s), 8.14(lH,s), 8.22(lH,s), 8.94 (lH,s) . MS: 410 (M+H) + Example 48 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (3-thienyl) -2-thienylmethyloxy) phen yl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (48) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.94 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.30(2H,s), 6.8-7.8 (10H,m) , 7.95(lH,s), 8.09(lH,s), 8.72(lH,s). MS: 468(M+H) + Example 49 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-cyanobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamide (49) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.87 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.5 (4H ,m) , 3.7-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.08 ( 1H , d, J=5Hz ) , 5.20(2H,s), 6.8-7.4 (6H,m) , 7.55 (2H , d , J=8Hz ) , 7.70(lH,s), 7.73(lH,s), 7.87 (2H,d, J=8Hz) . MS: 405(M+H) + Example 50 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dibromobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (50) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.96 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1- .3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.14(2H,s), 6.8-7.3 (4H,m) , 7.63 (2H , d , J=2Hz ) , 7.73(lH,s), 7.80 (lH,d, J=2Hz) , 8.07(lH,s), 8.20(lH,s), 8.91(lH,s). MS: 536, 538, 540 Example 51 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5-bromo-2-thienylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (51) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.95 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.26(2H,s), 6.8-7.3 (6H,m) , 7.78(lH,s), 8.15(lH,s), 8.24(lH,s), 8.96 (1H,S) . MS: 464, 466 Example 52 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-thienylmethyloxy ) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (52) NMR (DMSO-de, δ )• 0.95 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.30(2H,s), 6.7-7.8 (HH,m) , 8.04(lH,s), 8.17(lH,s), 8.85(lH,s). MS: 480 (M+H) + Example 53 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 ,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzyloxy) phe nyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (53) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.90 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H ,m) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.33(2H,s), 6.8-7.3 (4H,m) , 7.66(lH,s), 7.95(lH,s), 8.12(4H,s), 8.81 (lH,s) . MS: 516(M+H) + Example 54 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dimethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxarr ide hydrochloride (54) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ) : 0.94 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (4H ,m) , 3.73 (6H,s) , 3.8-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.1-4.3 ( 1H ,m) , 5.05(2H,s), 6.4-6.6 (3H,s) , 6.8-7.2 (4H,m) , 7.72(lH,s), 8.05(lH,s), 8.18 (1H,S) , 8.88 (lH,s) . MS: 440 (M+H) + Example 55 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-biphenylyloxy) ethyloxy) phenyl] -3 -pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (55) NMR (DMSO-de, δ ): 0.92 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.7-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.0-4.2 ( 1H ,m) , 4.34(4H,s), 6.8-7.7 (14H,m) , 7.95(lH,s), 8.09(lH,s), 8.71(lH,s). MS: 486(M+H) + Example 56 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5- (2-thiazolylthio) -2-thienylmethylox y) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (56) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.04 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.7 (5H ,m) , 3.8-4.1 (2H,m) , 5.23 (2H,s) , 5.39 (lH,s) , 6.8-7.7 (llH,m) . MS: 501 (M+H) + Example 57 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S ,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-ethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (57) NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.9 (3H , d, J=6Hz ) , 1.33 ( 3H , t , J=7Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-3.9 ( 1H ,m) , 4.02 (2H , q , J=7Hz ) , 4.1-4.3 (lH,m) , 5.00(2H,s), 6.7-7.4 ( 8H ,m) , 7.75(lH,s), 8.09(lH,s), 8.19(lH,s), 8.87(lH,s). MS: 424 (M+H) + Example 58 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2- (2- (4-bιphenylyl) ethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pe ntyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamide (58) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 0.95 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.6-2.7 (5H ,m) , 3.15 (2H,t,J=7Hz) , 3.7-3.9 (2H ,m) , 4.24 (2H , t , J=7Hz ) , 5.35 (lH,s) , 6.8-7.7 (16H,m) . MS: 470 (M+H) + Example 59 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dιmethylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (59) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.83 (1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 2.34 (6H , s ) , 3.8-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.00 (2H,s) , 5.35(lH,s), 6.8-7.2 (8H,m) , 7.37 (1H , d , J=lHz ) , 7.66 (lH,d,J=lHz) . MS: 408 (M+H) + Preparation 4 Amixture of 4-fluorosalicylic acid (5.16 g) , benzyl bromide (8.68 ml) and potassium carbonate (10 g) m N ,N-dιmethylformamide (DMF; 30 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 5 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water twice The orgnic extract was dried and evaporated to give an oil (12.5 g) , which was chromatographed over silica gel (70 g) elutmg with a mixture of hexane and EtOAc (50:1 to 10:1) to give colorless crystals of benzyl 2- (benzyloxy) -4-fluorobenzoate (10.3 g, 93.0%). NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 5.14(2H,s), 5.33(2H,s), 6.6-6.8 (2H ,m) , 7.3-7.5 (10H,m) , 7.8-8 0(lH,m). MS: 359(M+Na) + Preparation 5 THF (45 ml) and benzyl 2- (benzyloxy) -4-fluorobenzoate (10.3 g) were added portionwise to a mixture of lithium aluminium hydride (1.16g) and diethyl ether (45 ml) below 20 ° C under nitrogen atmosphere , The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hr. Aqueous sulfuric acid (10%; 13.6 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was filtered through Celite and washed with ether. The filtrate was dried and evaporated. Benzyl alcohol produced was removed in vacuo (bath temp. 110 ° C) . The residue (10.8 g) was chromatographed over silica gel (100 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (5:1) to dichloromethane to give a colorless oil of 2- (benzyloxy) -4-fluorobenzyl alcohol (6.5 g, 91.9%) . NMR (CDC1 3 , ): 2.14 (lH,t,J=7Hz) , 4.69 (2H , d , J=7Hz ) , 5.09(2H,s), 6.6-6.8 (2H,m) , 7.2-7.5 (6H ,m) . MS: 255(M+Na) + Preparation 6 A mixture of 2- (benzyloxy) -4-fluorobenzyl alcohol (6.54 g) and manganese (IV) oxide (9.04 g) in chloroform (70 ml) was refluxed and stirred for 2 hr . The insoluble material was removed by filtration and washed with chloroform. The filrate was evaporated and the residue (6.7 g) was chromatographed over silica gel (90 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (5:1) to dichloromethane to give a colorless oil of 2- (benzyloxy) -4-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.8 g , 59%) . NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 5.17(2H,s), 6.7-6.8 (2H ,m) , 7.3-7.5 (5H ,m) , 7.8-8.0 (lH,m) , 10.44 (lH,s) . Preparation 7 A solution of butyl lithium in hexane (1.6 M; 8.18 ml) was added dropwise below -50 C to a solution of dimethyl (3S) -tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-oxo-l-butylphosphonate (4.06 g) in THF (23 ml) . The mixture was stirred for 10 min. A solution of 2-benzyloxy-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.61 g) in THF (19 ml) was added dropwise to the above mixture and the temperature was allowed to rise gradually to 0 ° C and kept overnight, then at room temperature for 1 day. Aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate (60 ml) and dichloromethane (60 ml) were added. The organic layer was washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residue (6.3 g) was chlomatographed over silica gel (120 g) elutmg with a mixture of hexane and EtOAc (40:1) to give a yellow oil of (S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldιmethylsιlyloxy- l-penten-3-one (63) (3.95 g, 72.9%). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 0.06(3H,s), 0.07(3H,s), 0.91(9H,s), 1.33 (3H,d, J=7Hz) , 4.31 ( 1H , q , J=7Hz ) , 5.15(2H,s), 6.6-6.8 (2H,m) , 7.2-7.6 ( 7H ,m) , 8.03 (lH,d, J=16Hz) . MS: 415(M+H) + Preparation 8 IM solution of L-selectπde m THF (11.5ml) was added dropwise below -30 C to a solution of (S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldιmethylsιlyloxy- l-penten-3-one (3.94 g) THF (18 ml) . The mixture was stirred at -20 ° C for 30 mm. Water and EtOAc were added and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel (100 g) elutmg with a mixture of hexane and EtOAc (30:1) to afford a pale yellow oil of (3S , 4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldιmethylsιlyl oxy-l-penten-3-ol (2.64 g, 66.7%). NMR (CDCI3, δ ): 0.08(3H,s), 0.09(3H,s), 0.90(9H,s), 1.17 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 2.67 ( 1H , d , J=4Hz ) , 3.6-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.08(2H,s), 6.0-6.2 (lH,m) , 6.6- .0 (3H,m) , 7.3-7.5 (6H,m) . MS: 439 (M+Na) + Preparation 9 A mixture of (3S , 4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldιmethylsιlyl oxy-l-penten-3-ol (2.62 g) and 10% Pd-C (0.52 g) in EtOAc (65 ml) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure for 13 mm. Pd-C was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated. The residual oil (2.38g) was chromatographed over silica gel (30 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and EtOAc (50:1 to 2:1) to give a colorless oil of (3S,4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethylsilyl oxy-3-pentanol (1.35 g, 51.3%) and (3S , 4S) -1- (2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethylsilylox y-3-pentanol (0.94 g, 45.5%). (3S,4S) -1- (2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethyls ilyloxy-3-pentanol (0.94 g) was treated with benzyl bromide (0.48 ml) and potassium carbonate (0.53 g) in DMF (5 ml) at room temperature for 2 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water twice, dried and evaporated. The residual oil (1.43 g) was chromatographed over silica gel (30 g) , eluting with a mixture of hexane and EtOAc (40:1) to give a second crop of colorless oil of (3S,4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethylsilyl oxy-3-pentanol (0.79 g, total yield 81.4%). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 0.05(3H,s), 0.06(3H,s), 0.88(9H,s), 1.07 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.5-1.8 (2H ,m) , 2.38 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.6-3.0 (2H,m) , 3.2-3.4 (1H ,m) , 3.5-3.7 (1H ,m) , 5.05(2H,s), 6.5-6.7 (2H,m) , 7.0-7.5 (6H ,m) . MS: 441(M+Na) + Preparation 10 A solution of triethylamine (1.05 ml) in dichloromethane (3 ml) was added dropwise to an ice-cooled solution of (3S,4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethylsilyl oxy-3-pentanol (2.13 g) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.588 ml) in dichloromethane (42 ml) and the mixture was stirred at 5 ° C for 30 min. The mixture was washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residual oil (2.80 g) was chromatographed over silica gel (40 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (3:1) to dichloromethane to give a colorless oil of (3S , 4S) -1- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -4-tert-butyldimethylsilyl oxy-3-pentyl methanesulfonate (2.03 g, 80.2%). Example 60 The following compound was prepared m a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-tert-butyldιmethylsι lyloxy-3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (60) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): -0.07(3H,s), -0.02(3H,s), 0.84(9H,s), 0.93 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.9-2.7 (4H ,m) , 3.7-3.9 (2H ,m) , 5.04(2H,s), 5.34(lH,s), 6.5-7.0 (4H ,m) , 7.3-7.4 (6H,m) , 7.59 (lH,d, J=lHz) . MS: 512 (M+H) + Example 61 IM solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride m THF (1.22 ml) was added to a solution of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-tert-butyldιmethylsι lyloxy-3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (0.48 g) m THF (14ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr . EtOAc and water were added and the organic layer was washed with water twice, dried and evaporated. The residue (0.46 g) was chromatographed over silica gel (10 g) elutmg with a mixture of dichloromethane andmethanol (20.1 to 10:1) to give a pale brown powder of l-[(2S,3R)-5- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl ] imi dazole-4-carboxamιde (61) (324 mg, 86.9%) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.82 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.7 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.04(2H,s), 5.35(lH,s), 6.5-7.0 (4H, ) , 7.3-7.5 ( 6H ,m) , 7.65 (1H, d, J=lHz) MS- 398(M+H) + Example 62 A mixture of l-[(2S,3R)-5- ( 2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imi dazole-4-carboxamιde (0.16 g) and 10% Pd-C (32 mg) in EtOAc (2 ml) and EtOH (2 ml) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 3 hr Pd-C was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated to give an off-white powder of 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide (62) (131 mg, 99%) . NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ ): 0.90 (3H , d , J=7Hz ) , 1.9-2.4 (4H ,m) , 3.7-4.0 (2H,m) , 5.09(lH,s), 6.5-6.7 (2H,m) , 6.9-7.1 (2H,m) , 7.30(lH,s), 7.73(2H,s), 9.89(lH,s). MS: 308 (M+H) + Example 63 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [4-fluoro-2- (4- (2-thιenylthιo) benzyloxy) - phenyl] -3-pentyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (63) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.02 (3H,d, J=6Hz) , 1.9-2.6 ( 5H ,m) , 3.7-4.0 (2H,m) , 4.96 (2H,s) , 5.37 (lH,s) , 6.5-7.6 (12H,m) , 7.64 (lH,d,J=lHz) . MS: 512(M+H) + Example 64 The following compound was prepared by a similar manner to Example 6-1. 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromobenzyloxy) -4-fluorophenyl] -3-p entyl } ιmιdazole-4-carboxamide (64 ) NMR (CDCI3, δ ) • 1.05 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.94 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.6(4H,m) , 3.8-4.0(2H,m) , 4.98(2H,s) , 5.37 (lH,s) , 6.5-6.7 (2H,m) , 6.8-7.0 (2H ,m) , 7.23 (2H , d , J=8Hz ) , 7.37 (lH,d, J=lHz) , 7.53 (2H,d, J=8Hz) , 7.65 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) MS. 476, 478 Example 65 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-benzyloxy-4-chlorophenyl) -2-tert-butyldιmethylsι lyloxy-3-pentyl] ιmιdazole-4-carboxamιde (65) NMR (CDCI3, δ ): -0.07(3H,s), -0.03(3H,s), 0.82(9H,s), 0.93 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.9-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.7-3.9 (2H,m) , 5.04(2H,s), 5.33(lH,s), 6.8-7.0 (4H,m) , 7 3-7.5(6H,m), 7 . 58 ( l H , d , J=l Hz ) . MS : 52 8 (M+H ) + Example 66 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 61. l-[(2S,3R)-5- (2-benzyloxy-4-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imi dazole-4-carboxamide (66) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ): 1.03 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.93 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.04(2H,s), 5.38(lH,s), 6.8-7.0 (4H,m) , 7.3-7.5 (6H,m) , 7.64 ( 1H , d, J=lHz ) . MS: 414(M+H) + Example 67 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 62. 1- [ (2S,3R) -5- (2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide (67) MS: 324 (M+H) + Example 68 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 6-1. l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [4-chloro-2- (5-bromo-2-thienylmethyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide (68) NMR (CDCI 3 , δ ): 1.06 (3H,d,J=6Hz) , 1.88 ( 1H , d , J=5Hz ) , 2.0-2.6 (4H,m) , 3.8-4.0 (2H ,m) , 5.12(2H,s), 5.40(lH,s), 6.8-7.0 (6H,m) , 7.39 (1H , d, J=lHz) , 7.65 ( 1H , d , J=lHz ) . MS: 498, 500 Example 69 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5- (2-phenoxyphenyl) -3-pe ntyl] imidazole-4-carboxamide (69) MS: 480(M+H) + Example 70 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 61. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-phenoxyphenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-ca rboxamide hydrochloride (70) NMR (DMS0-d 6 , δ ): 0.92 (3H , d , J=6Hz) , 2.0-2.6 (4H ,m) , 3.7-3.9 (lH,m) , 4.0-4.2 (1H ,m) , 3.8-7.4 (9H ,m) , 7.63(lH,s), 7.93(lH,s), 8.10(lH,s), 8.69(lH.s). MS: 366 (M+H) + Example 71 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5- (2- (dimethylamino) phen yl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-carboxamide (71) MS: 431(M+H) + Example 72 The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to Example 61. 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (dimethylamino) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidaz ole-4-carboxamide (72) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ ) : 1.08 (3H , d , J=6Hz ) , 2.0-2.8 (5H ,m) , 2.62 (6H,s) , 3.8-4.1 (2H,m) , 5.38(lH,s), 6.9-7.3 (5H,m) , 7.44 (lH,d,J=lHz) , 7.72 (lH,d,J=lHz) . MS: 317 (M+H) + Industrial Applicability Novel imidazole compounds having pharmaceutical activity such as ADA inhibiting activity are provided. These compounds are useful in immunomodulation , especially immunosuppression , antiinflammation and treatment and prevention of various diseases for which Ado is effective. Such diseases include autoimmune diseases , inflammation, organ or tissue allo-or xeno-transplant rejection, leukemias, and diseases that arise from, or are aggravated by, insufficient blood flow through a particular organ or portion thereof. These compounds or their prodrugs or salts can be administered to patients in need of the treatment in an effective amount to elevate adenosine concentration .

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A compound of the formula wherein R 1 is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with substituent (s) ; R 2 is lower alkyl; R 3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; and - A - is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt. 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R 1 is aryloxy, or aryl optionally substituted with substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxy ; aryloxy; lower alkylthio ; lower alkylsulfmyl , lower alkylsulfonyl , lower alkylammo; and lower alkoxy substituted with optionally substituted ammo , protected ammo , halogen , optionally substituted aryl , optionally substituted aryloxy , optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfmyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , or optionally substituted heterocyclic group. 3. The compound according to claim 2, wherein R 1 is naphthyloxy; phenyl substituted with substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, aryloxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfmyl , lower alkylsulfonyl , lower alkylammo, and lower alkoxy substituted with optionally substituted ammo , protected ammo , halogen , optionally substituted aryl , optionally substituted aryloxy , optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfmyl, optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; or naphthyl substituted with halogen. 4. The compound according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein substituent (s) of the optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , and optionally substituted heterocyclic group, are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl or halo (lower) alkyl ; halogen; aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen; aryl (lower) alkyl ; heterocyclic group optionally substituted with cyano; aryloxy (lower) alkyl ; aryl (lower) alkenyl ; arylthio; lower cycloalkyl; lower alkylthio; heterocyclicthio optionally substituted with halogen; lower alkoxy; cyano; lower alkyl ; halo (lower) alkyl; and amino optionally substituted with lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl. 5. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein A is ethylene. 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R 1 is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with substituent (s) ; R 2 is methyl; R 3 is hydroxy; and - A - is ethylene, its prodrug, or their salt. 7. The compound according to claim 1 , which is a compound selected from the group consisting of: (1) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazo le-4-carboxamide ; (2) 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylthio) phenyl ) -3-pentyl] imidazole -4-carboxamide; (3) 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylsulfinyl ) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide ; (4) l-[ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide ; ( 5 ) l- { ( 2 S , 3R) -2 -hydro> y-5- [ 2- ( 3 -dimethylaminopropoxy ) phenyl ] - 3 -pentyl } imidazole-4-cε.rboxamide dihydrochloride ; ( 6 - 1 ) 1- { (2S, 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (6-phthalimidohexyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (6-2) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (6-aminohexyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imid azole-4-carboxamide dihydrochloride ; (7) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2 ,2 , 2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (8) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3- (4-chlorophenyl ) propoxy) -phenyl] -3- pentyl} imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (9) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (6-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazol e-4-carboxamide ; (10) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (6-chloro-1-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide; (11) 1- [ (2S, 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazol e-4-carboxamide ; (12) 1- [ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (7-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide ; (13) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (1-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazol e-4-carboxamide ; (14) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (1-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide ; (15) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-benzyloxy-5- (2-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazol e-4-carboxamide ; (16) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide ; (17) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2 , 3-dichlorophenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4 -carboxamide hydrochloride; (18) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenoxy) ethoxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (19) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenylthio) ethoxy) phenyl] - 3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (20) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenylsulfonyl) ethoxy) phen yl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (21) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (3 , 4-dichlorobenzyloxy) ethoxy) pheny 1] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (22) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-phenylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl }im idazole-4-carboxamide ; (23) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 4-dichlorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (24) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-phenoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } i mmidazole-4-carboxamide ; l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2-naphthylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl} imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (26) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (1-me hy1-1-phenylethyl) benzyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (27) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-pyridyl) benzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (28; 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (4-fluorophenoxy) benzyloxy) phenyl] - 3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (29) 1- { ( 2 S , 3R) -2 -hydroxy- 5- [ 2- ( 3- (phenoxymethyl ) benzyloxy) phenyl ] -3 - pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; ( 30 ) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-isopropylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (31) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-cyano-l-pyrrolyl) -3-fluorobenzyl oxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (32) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1 , 2 , 4-oxadiazo 1-3-ylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (33) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-chlorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (34) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromobenzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (35) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (E) -styrylbenzyloxy) phenyl ] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (36) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-phenylthiobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (37) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-cyclohexylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (38) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2-(2- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -4-thiaz olylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (39) l-{ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (methylthio) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pen tyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (40) 1- { ( 2 S , 3R) -2 -hydroxy- 5- [ 2- ( 3 -bromobenzyloxy) phenyl ] -3 -pentyl } imi dazole-4 -carboxamide hydrochloride ; ( 41 ) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (42) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (1 , 2 , 3-thiadiazol-4-yl) benzyloxy) ph enyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (43) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (N-methylpropionylamino) -4-thiazoly lmethyloxy) phenyl ] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (44) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-thienylthio) benzyloxy) phenyl ] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (45) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- ( 5-chloro-2-thieny1thio) benzyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (46) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-thienyl) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (47) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-methoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } i midazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (48) l-{ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (3-thienyl) -2-thienylmethyloxy) phen yl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (49) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-cyanobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imi dazole-4-carboxamide ; (50) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dibromobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (51) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5-bromo-2-thienylmethyloxy) phenyl ] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (52) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-thienylmethyloxy ) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (53) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzyloxy) phe nyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (54) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dimethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (55) l-{ (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-5-[2- (2- (4-biphenylyloxy) ethyloxy) phenyl ] -3 -pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (56) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2- (5- (2-thiazolylthio) -2-thienylmethylox y) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (57) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-ethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (58) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[2- (2- (4-biphenylyl) ethyloxy) phenyl] -3-pe ntyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (59) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dimethylbenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-penty 1 } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (60) 1- [ (2S,3R) -5- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-tert-butyldimethylsi lyloxy-3-pentyl] imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (61) l-[(2S,3R)-5- (2-benzyloxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imi dazole-4-carboxamide ; (62) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imida zole-4-carboxamide ; (63) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5-[4-fluoro-2- (4- (2-thienylthio) benzyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (64) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-bromobenzyloxy) -4-fluorophenyl] -3-p entyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (65) 1- [ ( 2S , 3R) -5- ( 2-benzyloxy-4-chlorophenyl ) -2-tert-butyldimethyls i lyloxy- 3 -pentyl ] imidazole- 4 -carboxamide ; ( 66 ) l-[ (2S,3R)-5- (2-benzyloxy-4-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl] imi dazole-4-carboxamide ; (67) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -5- (2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-3-pentyl ] imida zole-4-carboxamide ; (68) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [4-chloro-2- (5-bromo-2-thienylmethyloxy) p henyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (69) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5- (2-phenoxyphenyl) -3-pe ntyl] imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (70) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-phenoxyphenyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-ca rboxamide hydrochloride; (71) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5- (2- (dimethylamino) phen yl) -3-pentyl] imidazole-4-carboxamide ; and (72) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2- (dimethylamino) phenyl) -3-pentyl] imidaz ole-4-carboxamide . 8. The compound according to claim 1, which is a compound selected from the group consisting of: (8) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3- (4-chlorophenyl) propoxy) -phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (10) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (6-chloro-l-naphthyl) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide ; (16) 1- [ (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- (2-naphthyloxy) -3-pentyl] imidazole- 4-carboxamide ; (18) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenoxy) ethoxy) phenyl] -3-p entyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (19) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (2- (4-chlorophenylthio) ethoxy) phenyl] - 3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide ; (44) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4- (2-thienylthio) benzyloxy) phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; (50) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dibromobenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (51) l-{ (2S,3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (5-bromo-2-thienylmethyloxy) phenyl] -3- pentyl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride ; (54) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (3 , 5-dimethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pent yl } imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride; and (57) 1- { (2S , 3R) -2-hydroxy-5- [2- (4-ethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl] -3-pentyl } im idazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride . 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 8 as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable, substantially non-toxic carrier or excipient. 10. A pharmaceutical composition having an adenosine deaminase inhibiting activity, which comprises the compound of any one of claims 1 to 8 as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable, substantially non-toxic carrier or excipient. 11. A method for inhibiting adenosine deaminase, which comprises administering the compound of any one of claims 1 to 8 to a mammal in need of the compound. 12. A process for producing the compound of claim 1, the method comprising any of the following steps (1) to (4) : (1) reacting a compound of formula (III) H with a compound of formula (IV) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and A are as defined above, and X * is hydroxy or a leaving group, provided that R 3 is not hydroxy; (2) reacting a compound of formula (V) R^OH (V) wherein R 1 is as defined above, with a compound of formula (VI) wherein R 2 , R 3 , and A are as defined above, and X 2 is hydroxy or a leaving group, provided that R 3 is not hydroxy; (3) reacting a compound of formula (1-1) wherein R , R , and A are as defined above , and R is hydroxy protective group, with a deprotecting agent; or (4) reacting a compound of formula (VII) wherein R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and X 3 is hydrogen or halogen, with a compound of formula (VIII) R 4 -X 4 (VIII) wherein X 4 is a leaving group and R 4 is lower alkyl substituted with optionally substituted amino, protected amino, halogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; wherein substituent (s) of the optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted arylsulfinyl , optionally substituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl (lower) alkoxy , and optionally substituted heterocyclic group, are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl optionally substituted with halogen, lower alkyl or halo (lower) alkyl ; halogen; aryloxy optionally substituted with halogen; aryl (lower) alkyl ; heterocyclic group optionally substituted with cyano; aryloxy (lower) alkyl ; aryl (lower) alkenyl ; arylthio; lower cycloalkyl; lower alkylthio; heterocyclicthio optionally substitutedwithhalogen; lower alkoxy ; cyano; lower alkyl; halo (lower) alkyl ; amino optionally substituted with lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl. 13. Use of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 8 for preparing a medicament for treating and/or preventing autoimmune diseases; inflammatory conditions; organ or tissue allo-or xeno-transplant rejection; various leukemias; or diseases that arise from, or are aggravated by, insufficient blood flow through a particular organ or portion thereof.

Inventors: NAKAMURA KATSUYA, TERASAKA TADASHI, TSUJI KIYOSHI, NAKAMURA, KATSUYA, TERASAKA, TADASHI, TSUJI, KIYOSHI
Applicants: FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO, NAKAMURA KATSUYA, TERASAKA TADASHI, TSUJI KIYOSHI, FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., NAKAMURA, KATSUYA, TERASAKA, TADASHI, TSUJI, KIYOSHI
Application year: 2001
Main classification: C07D233
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P9, A61P29, A61P35, A61P37, A61P43, C07D233, C07D401, C07D403, C07D409, C07D413, C07D417