METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR COOLING SLAUGHTERED POULTRY

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cooling slaughtered poultry, comprising of: i. positioning the poultry with spread legs, with the abdominal cavity upward and oriented in the transporting direction of the poultry; and ii. transporting the positioned poultry through cooled flowing water, wherein the transporting direction (9) of the poultry is opposed to the flow direction of the water (27) such that water flows round and through the poultry from the abdominal cavity toward the neck cavity, to an installation therefor, comprising: i. positioning means (57) for receiving the slaughtered poultry with the abdominal cavity oriented upward in the transporting direction; ii. transporting means (12, 13, 14) for transporting the positioned poultry; and iii. cooling means comprising a container for cooled and flowing water, wherein the flow direction (27) is opposed to the transporting direction (9), and to the treated poultry.

Description: METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR COOLING SLAUGHTERED POULTRY The present invention relates to a method and installation for cooling slaughtered poultry. When poultry are slaughtered, legs, neck, feathers and entrails are removed. The slaughtered poultry then has to be cooled. Cooling with air has the drawback that it takes place over a long period of time and the slaughtered poultry acquires grey-yellow colour with dark blotches. In addition, there occurs a weight loss (up to 3%) . According to another known method, slaughtered poultry is displaced in a screw spindle in counterflow to water. Because the poultry birds lie against each other in the spindle they are mangled, whereby insufficient cooling occurs and cooling must continue for a long period before a desired temperature of below +4°C is reached. In addition, the amount of water used is considerable . The present invention has for its object to provide a method and installation for cooling slaughtered poultry, wherein cooling takes place very rapidly. The slaughtered poultry hereby retains a healthy colour, has a long storage time and there occurs substantially no weight loss. This cooling can take place by making use of only cooled flowing water, while the use of chemicals in whatever form can be dispensed with. The present invention is based on the insight that the effectiveness of the cooling is enhanced not only by external cooling of the poultry but also by simultaneous internal cooling of the poultry, this while each poultry bird is subjected separately to the cooling. Vasoconstriction is enhanced because the breastbone is herein prevented from being pressed inward and by the rapid cooling, whereby no weight loss of the slaughtered poultry occurs during the cooling and the weight of the slaughtered poultry therefore remains substantially the same as the slaughtered weight. It will be apparent that any contamination which may be present on the poultry is also effectively removed by this method of cooling according to the invention. This results in a considerable decrease in the germ value. The invention therefore provides a method for cooling slaughtered poultry, comprising of: i. positioning the poultry with spread legs, with the abdominal cavity upward and oriented in the transporting direction of the poultry; and ii. transporting the positioned poultry through cooled flowing water, wherein the transporting direction of the poultry is opposed to the flow direction of the water such that water flows round and through the poultry from the abdominal cavity toward the neck cavity. For the internal circulation and cooling of the slaughtered poultry it is important that the legs of the poultry be spread and the abdominal cavity be oriented upward in the transporting direction. Due to the opposed directions of the transporting direction of the poultry and the flow direction of the cooling water there occurs a thrust at the position of the open abdominal cavity of the poultry. Water will thereby pass from the abdominal cavity through the slaughtered poultry and leave the poultry via the neck cavity. According to a first embodiment the side of the body is oriented in the transporting direction. According to a second preferred embodiment the rear of the body is oriented in the transporting direction. Because the rear of the body is oriented in the transporting direction, the breastbone will not be pressed inward by the thrust of the water, so that flow through the poultry from abdominal cavity to neck cavity can take place. Poultry is understood to means all kinds of fowl, including chickens such as maternal animals, chicks and laying-hens, ducks, pheasants, guinea fowl, geese, turkeys and the like. After cooling of the slaughtered poultry, further cooling can take place to the temperature for further processing. In order to avoid as far as possible any fouling of the cooling water, it is further recommended that the cooled poultry be allowed to drain. The chicken can thus drain and fouled water possibly present thereon can be removed prior to further cooling. It is therefore recommended that the poultry is then further cooled. If the poultry is intended for the fresh-food market, it is recommended that the further cooled poultry is subjected to air cooling to below as from +4°C. If the poultry is intended in particular for the frozen food market, it is recommended that the further cooled poultry is deep-frozen. Another aspect of the invention relates to an installation for performing the above stated method. This installation comprises: i. positioning means for receiving the slaughtered poultry with the abdominal cavity oriented upward in the transporting direction; ii. transporting means for transporting the positioned poultry; and iii. cooling means comprising an elongate container for cooled and flowing water, wherein the flow direction is opposed to the transporting direction. The poultry can be oriented with the side of the body of the rear of the body in the transporting direction. As stated above, it is further recommended that the positioning means comprise receiving members for receiving the legs of the poultry in spread manner. An elegant positioning is obtained if in further preference the receiving members comprise slots oriented in the transporting direction in which a poultry leg is hookingly received. It is hereby possible to arrange the poultry manually or automatically in the positioning means and to remove them easily therefrom after cooling. If placing of the poultry or removal of the poultry takes place in a direction transversely of the transporting direction, it is further recommended that the positioning means are connected via a rotatable frame to the transporting means. It is thus possible to carry out a transverse arranging or removing operation after rotation. For the above stated reasons it is further recommended that the installation further comprises a draining station connecting onto the cooling container, and optionally a further cooling means which connects onto the draining station and comprises a further cooling container for cooled and flowing water, wherein the flow direction is opposed to the transporting direction. Owing to the rapid cooling of the slaughtered poultry the poultry retains a healthy white colour, and has a shelf-life for the fresh-food market of at least eight days. While gray colours and dark or rust patches practically do not occur. The cooling operation performed thereon in accordance with the method and installation according to the invention is therefore characteristically visible on the slaughtered poultry. Another feature of the poultry is that the slaughtered weight is substantially the same as the cooled weight . The uniform, white and natural colour of the slaughtered poultry depends partly on the type of poultry and the poultry diet . It can be generally stated that the poultry obtained according to the invention has a uniform natural colour, such as RAL 9010 or 9003 for maternal animals and chicks, and RAL 9001 or 1013 for laying-hens. Mentioned and other features of the method and installation as well as the slaughtered poultry according to the invention will be further elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of an embodiment, which is given only by way of example without the invention being deemed limited thereto. Reference is made herein to the annexed drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the installation according to the invention; Figure 2 shows on a larger scale a broken-away view of detail II of figure 1; Figure 3 shows on a different scale the removal operation at the position of detail III in figure 1; and Figures 4 and 5 each show another variant of the installation according to the invention. Figure 1 shows an installation 1 for cooling slaughtered poultry 2, in this case chickens. Installation 1 comprises a transport system 3 which passes through a hairpin bend-like cooling container 4, then through a draining station 5 and a further cooling container 6. From the station 7 the transport system 3 once again connects onto cooling container 4 in a manner not s own . Cooling container 4 and further cooling container 6 are manufactured from stainless steel. Both containers lie at an inclination such that the transporting direction 8 in cooling container 4 and the transporting direction 9 in further cooling container 6 is opposed to the water flow direction 10 respectively 11 in cooling container 4 or further cooling container 6. The speed of the transport system and the length of cooling container 4 and further cooling container 6 and draining station 5 are chosen such that the chickens 2 remain for about 2-3 minutes in cooling container 4, drain for 3 minutes in draining station 5 and are in further cooling container 6 for about 7 minutes, when air cooling to the desired final temperature of for instance 4°C is subsequently reached, or further cooling with the same system until the desired final temperature is reached (of for instance 4°C) . The cooling water in cooling container 4 and in further cooling container 6 can be cooled via cooling means (not shown) or can be provided with ice in order to obtain a temperature below 4°C. Figure 2 shows the further cooling of chickens 2 in more detail . Transport system 3 comprises a transport rail 12 along which a transport frame 14 passes via wheels 13. Transport frames 14 are mutually connected via a link 15. Each transport frame 14 is provided with an eye 15 in which a shaft 16 of positioning means 17 is rotatably received. Shaft 16 ends in a stop 18 which, during transport as according to arrow 9 in figure 2, presses against a stop 19. In this position the receiving members 20 are oriented in the transporting direction, wherein open slots 20, hooking on the knee joint 21, receive legs 22 of chicken 2 in this direction 9. In this position the legs 22 are hookingly received in slots 20 in spread manner. Abdominal cavity 23 is oriented upward and neck cavity 24 is oriented downward. The rear of the body 25 is oriented in the transporting direction 9 and counter to the water flow direction 11. The front of the body 26 with the breastbone is oriented in the other direction. Owing to the displacement of chicken 2 counter to the flow direction 11, water 27 flows round the chicken 2 at the sides and the chicken is cleaned and cooled on the outside with water 28. Owing to the thrust of water at the position of the abdominal cavity 23, which communicates with neck cavity 24 via the interior of chicken 2, an internal flow of water 29 is created whereby chicken 2 is also cooled internally. The further cooling container 6 is manufactured from stainless steel and is provided with baffles 30 which guide settling dirt which may be present toward the middle of container 6. Located here is an air pipe 32 with downward directed holes 32 through which air is blown, so that air bubbles 33 cause an agitation and swirling in the water 28. This enhances cooling. 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Claims: CLAIMS 1. Method for cooling slaughtered poultry, comprising of: i. positioning the poultry with spread legs, with the abdominal cavity upward and oriented in the transporting direction of the poultry; and ii. transporting the positioned poultry through cooled flowing water, wherein the transporting direction of the poultry is opposed to the flow direction of the water such that water flows round and through the poultry from the abdominal cavity toward the neck cavity. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side of the body is oriented in the transporting direction. 3. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear of the body is oriented in the transporting direction. 4. Method as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein the cooled poultry is allowed to drain. 5. Method as claimed in claims 1-4, wherein the cooled and cleaned poultry is further cooled. 6. Method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the further cooled poultry is subjected to air cooling to a desired final temperature below as from +4°C. 7. Method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the further cooled poultry is deep-frozen. 8. Installation for cooling slaughtered poultry, comprising: i. positioning means for receiving the slaughtered poultry with the abdominal cavity oriented upward in the transporting direction; ii. transporting means for transporting the positioned poultry; and iii. cooling means comprising a container for cooled and flowing water, wherein the flow direction is opposed to the transporting direction. 9. Installation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the positioning means orient the poultry with the side of the body in the transporting direction. 10. Installation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the positioning means orient the poultry with the rear of the body in the transporting direction. 11. Installation as claimed in claims 8-10, wherein the positioning means comprise receiving members for receiving the legs of the poultry in spread manner. 12. Installation as claimed in claim 11, wherein the receiving members comprise slots oriented in the transporting direction in which a poultry leg is hookingly received. 13. Installation as claimed in claims 8-12, wherein the positioning means are connected via a rotatable frame to the transporting means. 14. Installation as claimed in claims 8-13, ■ comprising a draining station connecting onto the cooling container. 15. Installation as claimed in claim 14, comprising a further cooling means which connects onto the draining station and comprises a further cooling container for cooled and flowing water, wherein the flow direction is opposed to the transporting direction. 16. Slaughtered poultry obtainable according to the method as claimed in claims 1-7 or the installation as claimed in claims 8-15. 17. Poultry as claimed in claim 16, wherein the slaughtered weight is substantially the same as the cooled weight . 18. Poultry as claimed in claim 16 or 17, with a uniform natural colour, such as RAL 9010 or 9003 for maternal animals and chicks, and RAL 9001 or 1013 for laying-hens .

Inventors: VAN STUYVENBERG WILLEM MARIE, VAN STUYVENBERG, WILLEM, MARIE
Applicants: STUYVENBERG WILLEM MARIE VAN, TOPKIP B V, TOPKIP B.V., VAN STUYVENBERG, WILLEM, MARIE
Application year: 2001
Main classification: A23P1
IPC codes: A23B4