Optical apparatus and projection type display apparatus using the same

Abstract: In an optical apparatus a first multi-lens array (MLA) (131) forming an integrator optical system is arranged integrally at the light emitting part of a reflecting and condensing mirror (12) so as to function as a surface plate. Due to this, the distance between the effective reflecting part of the reflecting and condensing mirror and the first MLA can be shortened. As a result, as the optical path of the optical system becomes short, it becomes possible to make the optical system of a projector small. In addition, being formed integral to function as a surface plate of the reflecting and condensing mirror, the number of optical elements is reduced by one. Accordingly the loss of light due to surface reflection (Fresnel reflection) occurring on a boundary surface having a difference of refractive indexes is decreased, a larger amount of light can be directed to the SLM and the screen, therefore a projector of a high luminance is achievable.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical apparatus and to a projection type display apparatus. An embodiment relates to an illuminating apparatus for a display apparatus such as a liquid crystal projector and to a projection type display apparatus using the optical apparatus. 2. Description of the Related Art A projector apparatus utilizing a spatial light modulator (hereinafter abbreviated as SLM) such as a liquid crystal panel or a DMD of the type produced by Texas Instruments is suitable for reducing size. Below, an optical system of a projector making use of an SLM will be explained. Figure 1 is a view of an example of the configuration of an optical system in a projector using an SLM. The projector 1, as shown in Fig. 1, comprises a light source 2, a reflecting and condensing mirror 3, an integrator optical system 4, a condenser lens 5, an SLM 6, and a projecting lens 7 as main components. In a projector using an SLM, since the SLM itself does not emit light, a separate light source is necessary. A discharge lamp is often used as the light source 2 from the viewpoint of the luminous efficiency etc. The reflecting and condensing mirror 3 condenses light beams from the light source 2, that is, a discharge lamp, and emits the result in approximately the same direction. The integrator optical system 4 spatially equally illuminates the SLM 6, that is, spatially uniformly distributes the light emitted from the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 in order to illuminate the SLM 6 with a uniform distribution of luminous intensity. The reason of realizing this uniform illumination is for achieving a high quality image. The integrator optical system 4, as shown in Fig. 2, is comprised of a first multi-lens array (MLA) 4A and a second multi-lens array 4B both of which include a plurality of lens LNS arranged in an array. The first MLA 4A divides the light emitted from the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 into a plurality of images and lays out their images of the light source in the vicinity of light incident plane of the second MLA 4B. The second MLA 4B guides the images of light source divided by the first MLA 4A to the condenser lens 5 so that they can be incident as the illuminating light of the SLM 6. In a projector having an optical system of such a configuration, the light emitted from the light source 2 is condensed by the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 having a reflecting surface of a parabolic shape, becomes nearly parallel light, and is incident on the first MLA 4A. The light incident on the first MLA 4A is incident on the second MLA 4B arranged in the proximity of the focal distances of the lenses LNS of the first MLA 4A. The light emitted from the second MLA 4B is condensed by the condenser lens 5 so that the images of the lenses of the first MLA 4A are superposed and is incident on the SLM 6 as illuminating light. By superposing the images of the lenses of the first MLA 4A, even if the light incident on the first MLA 4A is not spatially uniform, the condensed image becomes spatially uniform. In addition, a video signal is applied to the SLM 6. At the SLM 6, the incident light is spatially modulated and emitted in accordance with the applied video signal. For example, if the SLM is a liquid crystal panel, the intensity modulation is carried out by using deflection. If a DMD is used, the intensity modulation is carried out by changing the angle of emission of the emitted light (deflection). The light emitted from the SLM 6 passes through the projecting lens 7 and is projected on the screen 8. An image of the SLM 6 is projected on the screen 8 by the projecting lens 7, whereby the video signal applied to the SLM 6 is displayed. Summarizing the problem to be solved by illustrative embodiments of the invention, reducing the size of an apparatus is important from the point of view of reducing weight, the amount of material, and so on. To reduce the size of a projector using an SLM, for example reduction of the size of the SLM panel may be mentioned. This results in reduced size of the optical system, reduced size of the projecting lens, etc. Many optical elements forming an optical system can be made smaller. The discharge lamp that forms the light source 2, however, cannot be made small easily. The reasons are as follows. That is, a discharge lamp has a high pressure gas sealed in its interior. Further, its temperature is elevated in order for emitting light. Due to this, considering safety when the lamp is broken, it is necessary to give the lamp sufficient strength. Therefore it cannot be made small easily. Figure 3 is a schematic view of a discharge lamp that forms a light source 2. A high pressure gas is sealed in the interior of the glass 2A at the center of the lamp. Electrodes 2B and 2C stick out from the portion sealing the high pressure gas. Light is emitted by passing a current through the electrodes 2B and 2C. In addition, Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the reflecting and condensing mirror 3. As shown in Fig. 4, the reflecting surface 3 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 is shaped as a parabolic surface. A mount 3B for plugging in the discharge lamp is formed at its approximate center. The discharge lamp is mounted to such a reflecting and condensing mirror 3 as shown in Fig. 5. To facilitate change of the discharge lamp, or considering safety when the discharge lamp is broken, the discharge lamp is integrated with the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 by the insertion mount 3B. Further, a surface plate 3C being a plane plate just for passing light is provided at the plane from which the light leaves the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 so as to prevent pieces of glass from flying out from the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 when the discharge lamp is broken. As described above, since the discharge lamp cannot be made small, the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 has to be large. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, even if the cross-section of the light emitted from the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 is small, the total length of the discharge lamp does not change, so the total length of the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 does not become shorter. In this way, because the discharge lamp 2 and the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 cannot be made small and because the integrator optical system 4 is arranged on the outgoing optical path of the light from the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 and at a position apart from the discharge lamp 2 and the surface plate 3 before that, the optical path of the illuminating light coming from the discharge lamp 2 through the reflecting and condensing mirror 3 becomes longer, the illumination optical apparatus becomes large, and consequently there is a problem that reduction of size of the projector is difficult. US-A-6036318 discloses a projection display apparatus having a light source composed of a light source lamp and a paraboloidal reflector. Light emitted from the light source lamp is reflected by the paraboloidal reflector such that it enters a first lens array that includes a plurality of rectangular light beam dividing lenses. Light emerging from the first lens array passes through a second light collection lens array. The second light collection lens array functions to guide each if the intermediate light beams form the rectangular dividing lenses of the first lens array and to make the optical axis of the intermediate light beams parallel with the system optical axis. In this system both the first lens array and the second light collection lens array are situated outside the paraboloidal reflector. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention seek to provide an optical system able to realize reduced size and a projection type display apparatus using the same. According to the present invention, there is provided an optical apparatus, comprising: a light source having a light emitting part, a reflecting and condensing mirror for reflecting and condensing a light beam from the light source, said reflecting and condensing mirror having an effective region that reflects incident light from said light source such that it is substantially parallel to an optical axis of said optical apparatus and an ineffective region which reflects incident light from said light source such that it is not substantially parallel to said optical axis, a first multi-lens array in which a plurality of lens are arranged, and which divides incident light into a plurality of images, and lays out the light spots of the divided images at predetermined locations, and a second multi-lens array in which a plurality of lenses are arranged in correspondence with the plurality of light spots condensed by the first multi-lens array, said second multi-lens array being arranged in the proximity of the focal distance of said first multi-lens array, wherein said first multi-lens array is integrally held in said reflecting and condensing mirror and arranged inside said reflecting and condensing mirror at said light emitting part of said light source so that the light reflected and condensed by the reflecting and condensing mirror is incident on said first multi-lens array as said incident light. In an embodiment of the present invention, an aperture is formed in approximately the center portion of the first multi-lens array, and the light source is inserted into the aperture. In an embodiment of the present invention, a transparent plate passing the light emitted from the first multi-lens array is arranged at the light emitting part of the reflecting and condensing mirror. In an embodiment of the present invention, the second multi-lens array is arranged integrally at the light emitting part of the reflecting and condensing mirror. In addition, since the reflecting and condensing mirror is integrally held such that it has to have the function of a surface plate, the number of optical elements is reduced by one. Therefore, loss of light due to surface reflection occurring on a boundary surface having a difference of the refractive indexes is decreased, and a larger amount of light can be directed to an object to be illuminated. According to an embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the first multi-lens array on the inner side of the reflecting and condensing mirror relative to the light emitting part, the optical path length is further shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An understanding of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of illustrative embodiments given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a view of an example of the configuration of an optical system in a projector using an SLM; Fig. 2 is a view for explaining the configuration of an MLA; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a discharge lamp; Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a reflecting and condensing mirror; Fig. 5 is a view of the configuration of a light source after a discharge lamp is mounted at a reflecting and condensing mirror; Fig. 6 is a view for explaining that even if the effective cross sectional area of a condensing and reflecting mirror is small, the overall length of the reflecting mirror does not become short; Fig. 7 is a view of the configuration of a first example arrangement of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is a view of the configuration of a first embodiment of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention; Figs. 9A and 9B are views for explaining the configuration of a first MLA according to the second embodiment; Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a reflecting and condensing mirror in the case where the cross sectional area is small; Fig. 11 is a view of the configuration of a second embodiment of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention; and Fig. 12 is a view of the configuration of a third embodiment of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS Below, preferred embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 7 is a view of the configuration of a first example arrangement of a projection type display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention. The projector 10, as shown in Fig. 7, comprises a light source 11, a reflecting and condensing mirror 12, an integrator optical system 13, a condenser lens 14, an SLM 15 serving as a modulating means, and a projecting optical system 16 as main components. An illuminating optical apparatus according to this arrangement is formed by the light source 11, the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, the integrator optical system 13, and the condenser lens 14. The light source 11 is comprised of a discharge lamp of a specific length using, for example, a halogen lamp or a metal halide lamp. It receives power from a not shown power circuit and emits illumination light. The discharge lamp forming the light source 11, as shown in Fig. 7, is sealed a high pressure gas in the interior of the glass at the center of the lamp, has electrodes 2B and 2C protruding from the portion sealing the high pressure gas, and emits light by passing a current through the electrodes 2B and 2C. In the light source 11, an emitting part 111 is formed from the portion sealing the high pressure gas. The reflecting and condensing mirror 12 reflects and condenses the illumination light emitted from the light source 11 by a reflecting surface formed in a parabolic shape to make it substantially parallel light which is incident the integrator optical system 13. To emit substantially parallel light from the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, the reflecting mirror has to be a parabolic body of rotation. The emitting part 111 of the light source 11 is placed near the focal position of the parabolic surface (reflecting surface) 121. The reflecting and condensing mirror 12 is formed with an insertion mount 122 for the discharge lamp near its center. To facilitate change of the discharge lamp, considering safety when the discharge lamp is broken, the discharge lamp is made integral with the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 by the insertion mount 122. In addition, the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 is formed so that the cross section of the light emitted from the reflecting surface 121 becomes small. The reflecting surface 121 is formed in a parabolic shape up to a specific distance from the discharge lamp. The portion from the edge to the light emitting part 123 is formed so that its cross section becomes nearly a straight line (non-parabolic shape). Then, instead of a flat plate just for passing light, the first MLA of the integrator optical system 13 is arranged integrally at the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12. The integrator optical system 13 is comprised of a first MLA (multi-lens array) 131 and a second MLA 132 each provided with a plurality of lenses arranged in an array. The first MLA 131, as shown above, is arranged integrally with the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12. It divides the light emitted from the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 into a plurality of images and lays out their images of the light source in the vicinity of the light incident plane of the second MLA 132. In addition, by integrally arranging the first MLA 131 at the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, the first MLA 131 also has the functions of a flat plate that prevents pieces of glass from flying out of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 when for example the discharge lamp is broken. The second MLA 132 is arranged near the focal distance of the first MLA 131 on the outgoing optical path on the outgoing side of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12. It guides the images of the light source divided by the first MLA 131 to the condenser lens 14 so that they can be incident as illumination light of the SLM 15. The condenser lens 14 condenses the illumination light (the light emitted from the second MLA) spatially uniformly distributed by the integrator optical system 13 at the illumination area, that is, the SLM 15. The SLM 15 spatially modulates and emits the incident light from the condenser lens 14 in accordance with an applied video signal. For example, if the SLM 15 is a liquid crystal panel, the intensity modulation is carried out by using deflection. If a DMD, the intensity modulation is carried out by changing the emission angle of the emitted light (deflection). The projection optical system 16 projects the light emitted from the SLM 15 onto a screen 17. Next, the operation resulting from the above configuration will be explained. The light emitted from the light source 11 is reflected and condensed by the reflecting surface 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 having a parabolic reflecting surface to become substantially parallel light which is incident on the first MLA 131 of the integrator optical system 13 arranged integrally at the light emitting part 123. The light beam incident on the first MLA 131 is incident on the second MLA 132 arranged near the focal distance of the lenses of the first MLA 131 (outside the reflecting and condensing mirror 12). The light emitted from the second MLA 132 is condensed by the condenser lens 14 so that the images of lenses of the first MLA 131 are superposed with respect to the SLM 15, and is incident as illuminating light to the SLM 15. By superposing the images of lenses of the first MLA 131, even if the light incident on each lenses of the first MLA 131 is not spatially uniform, the condensed image becomes spatially uniform. Furthermore, in the proximity of the incident side of the SLM 15, there may be provided a convex lens for making the directions of the main light rays of light beams emitted from lenses of the second MLA 132 substantially parallel with the optical axis, causing light beams to be incident on the SLM 15 as in a telecentric optical system. Further, in the SLM 15, the incident light is spatially modulated and emitted in accordance with the applied video signal. The light emitted from the SLM 131 passes through the projecting optical system 16 and is projected on the screen 17. The image of the SLM 15 is projected on the screen 17 by the projecting optical system 16, whereby the video signal applied to the SLM 15 is displayed. As described above, according to the first example arrangement, since the first MLA 131 forming the integrator optical system 13 is arranged integrally at the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 so as to function as a surface plate, the distance between the effective reflecting part of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 and the first MLA 131 can be shortened. Due to this, the optical path of the optical system becomes shorter. Therefore, it becomes possible to make the optical system of the projector smaller. In addition, since the reflecting and condensing mirror is formed integrally to have the function of a surface plate, the number of optical elements is reduced by one. By reducing the number of parts and suppressing the cost, an economical projector can be realized. In addition, because loss of light due to surface reflection (Fresnel reflection) occurring on a boundary surface having a difference of the refractive indexes is decreased, so a larger amount of light can be directed to the screen 17 and a projector of a high luminance can be achieved. Furthermore, if the first MLA 131 is formed to be removable from the condensing and reflecting mirror 12, when it is necessary to change the lamp unit integrally formed by the light source 11 and the condensing and reflecting mirror 12, by using the first MLA 131 of the old lamp unit in the new lamp unit, same lamp unit can be used in projectors having different shapes of the first MLA 131. First Embodiment Figure 8 is a view of the configuration of a second embodiment of a projection type display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention. The first embodiment is different from the first example arrangement described above in the point that instead arranging the first MLA of the integrator optical system at the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, it is arranged inside the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, namely, at the emitting part of the light source 11 near the effective reflecting part of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, that is, the reflecting surface 121 forming the parabolic shape. In addition, in the second embodiment, the second MLA 132 of the integrator optical system is arranged near the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12. For this, the first MLA 131A of the integrator optical system 13A, as shown in Figs. 9A and 9B, is formed at its center with a hole (an aperture) 1311 having a diameter allowing the axial part of the discharge lamp to pass through. The discharge lamp is formed to be inserted through this hole 1311. In this case, the light emitted from the emitting part of the discharge lamp is reflected by the reflecting surface 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 and is emitted in the direction of the optical axis of the light source 11. To emit substantially parallel light from the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, the reflecting mirror has to be a parabolic body of rotation. The emitting part 111 is placed near the focal position of the parabolic surface (reflecting surface) 121. At this time, when the cross sectional area of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 is small, the effective reflecting area of the inner reflecting surface 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 is small. Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view of the reflecting and condensing mirror when its cross sectional area is small. In Fig. 10, LA denotes light reflected by the effective region (parabolic reflector), while LB denotes light reflected by the ineffective region. When the cross section of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 is small, the ineffective region 124 shown in Fig. 10 is not effective in condensing light. This is because the ineffective region is not parabolic, so even if the light from the light source is reflected by the ineffective region 124, it does not become substantially parallel light. Therefore, even if this light is incident on the first MLA 131A, it is not incident on the SLM 15. As shown in Fig. 8, even if the first MLA 131A is incorporated at the SLM 15 side from the parabolic surface 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12, an optical system can be formed without the light needed for illumination being obstructed. This is because even in the case of an apparatus of the related art, the light incident on the first MLA 131A from the discharge lamp does not become effective illumination light. The effective light from the discharge lamp is reflected by the parabolic reflector 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 to become substantially parallel light which is incident on the first MLA 131A. The functions of the rest of the parts are the same as in the first example arrangement, therefore, here, the explanations thereof are omitted. According to the first embodiment of the present invention, being closer to the inside of the condensing and reflecting part, the optical path length is further shortened. Due to this, there is the advantage of being able to contribute to reduction of the size of a projector. Second Embodiment Figure 11 is a view of the configuration of a third embodiment of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in the point that a surface plate 125 passing light is provided separately at the light emitting part 123 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 from the view point of safety when the discharge lamp is broken. The rest of the configuration and functions thereof are the same as with the second embodiment. According to the second embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment described above, there is an advantage of enhanced safety. Third Embodiment Figure 12 is a view of the configuration of a third embodiment of a projection display apparatus (projector) using an illustrative optical apparatus according to the present invention. The fourth embodiment is different from the second embodiment described above in the point that the second MLA 132B is arranged integrally at the light emitting part 13 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 in place of the surface plate 125. In this case, it is necessary for the light emitting part 123 to be positioned near the focal distance of the first MLA 131B of the integrator optical system 13B. In the example in Fig. 12, the first MLA 131B is brought closer to the reflecting surface 121 of the reflecting and condensing mirror 12 than in the first and second embodiments. According to the third embodiment of-the present invention, an optical system in a projector further reduced in size can be realized and reduction of the total size, weight, and material of an apparatus is achievable. Furthermore, as the number of the optical elements through which the light passes is reduced, the light that illuminates the SLM 15 can be intensified, so there is the advantage that a projector of a high luminance can be realized. Note that in the above embodiments, although a projector including one SLM was described, to which the present invention is applied, the present invention is not limited to this, it can also be widely applied to a multiplate projector which separates the illuminating light by a color separating means such as a dichromic mirror, etc., modulates the light using a number of SLMs corresponding to the separated colors, combines the modulated light of different colors by a color combining means such as a dichromic prism, etc., and projects the light onto a screen by a projecting lens. Summarizing the effects of the embodiments, as explained above, according to embodiments of the present invention, for example, a small-sized optical system for illumination used in a projection display apparatus etc. can be realized. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size and lighten the weight of the projection display apparatus using the optical apparatus and reduce the materials. Further, as the number of the optical elements through which the light passes is reduced, the light incident on a modulating means can be intensified, so there is the advantage that a projection display apparatus having a high luminance can be realized. While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments chosen for purpose of illustration, it should be apparent that numerous modifications could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the basic concept and scope of the invention.

Claims: An optical apparatus, comprising: a light source (11) having a light emitting part (111), a reflecting and condensing mirror (12) for reflecting and condensing a light beam from the light source, said reflecting and condensing mirror having an effective region that reflects incident light from said light source such that it is substantially parallel to an optical axis of said optical apparatus and an ineffective region which reflects incident light from said light source such that it is not substantially parallel to said optical axis, a first multi-lens array (131A) in which a plurality of lenses are arranged, and which divides incident light into a plurality of images, and lays out the light spots of the divided images at predetermined locations, and a second multi-lens array (132A) in which a plurality of lenses are arranged in correspondence with the plurality of light spots condensed by the first multi-lens array, said second multi-lens array being arranged in the proximity of the focal distance of said first multi-lens array, wherein said first multi-lens array (131A) is integrally held in said reflecting and condensing mirror and arranged inside said reflecting and condensing mirror (12) at said light emitting part (111) of said light source (11) so that the light reflected and condensed by the reflecting and condensing mirror is incident on said first multi-lens array as said incident light. An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first multi-lens array is arranged near said effective region of said reflecting and condensing mirror. An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein an aperture (1311) is formed in approximately the center portion of said first multi-lens array (131A), and said light source is inserted into the aperture. An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein a transparent plate (125) passing the light emitted from said first multi-lens array (131A) is arranged at the light emitting part of said reflecting and condensing mirror. An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein a transparent plate (125) passing the light emitted from said first multi-lens array is arranged at the light emitting part of said reflecting and condensing mirror (12). An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said second multi-lens array (132A) is integrally held at the light emitting part of said reflecting and condensing mirror (12). An optical apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said second multi-lens array (132A) is integrally held at the light emitting part of said reflecting and condensing mirror (12). An optical apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising a modulating means for modulating and emitting light emitted from said second multi-lens array based on image information and a projection optical system for projecting the light emitted from the modulating means on a screen.

Inventors: SATO YOSHIHISA, SATO, YOSHIHISA
Applicants: SONY CORP, SONY CORPORATION
Application year: 2001
Main classification: G02B27
IPC codes: G03B21, G02F1, H04N5, G09F9