WEIR SECTION, A SEWER PIPE STRUCTURE INCLUDING SUCH A WEIR SECTION AND THEIR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

Abstract: A weir section for use in a sewer pipe structure comprises a pipe section (10) having at least one side weir extending longitudinally of the pipe section. The or each side weir is formed by a free edge (91) of a channel (90) which is attached to an interior surface of the pipe section to extend longitudinally along the pipe section in an upper part of the pipe section, a base of the channel being spaced above a base of the pipe section. There is also described a sewer pipe structure including a weir section, and a method of manufacturing the weir section, preferably employing pipe sections and arcuate sections of pipe. There is further described a method of using the weir section to provide a spill over flow in a sewer pipe structure.

Description: WEIR SECTION ; A SEWER PIPE STRUCTURE INCLUDING SUCH A WEIR SECTION AND THEIR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION This invention relates to sewer pipe structures and weir sections for use in sewer pipe structures. More particularly but not exclusively, the invention relates to sewer overflow structures and weir sections therefor. The invention also relates to their method of construction. , It is known to construct a sewer overflow structure in which sewage or rain water mixed with sewage can flow through an inlet pipe into a storage tank constructed of concrete. At the opposite end of the storage tank is a main outflow pipe continuously feeding either the sewage or mixture of water and sewage to a sewage treatment plant. During dry weather, a continuous flow of sewage is possible through the storage tank to the sewage treatment plant, using the main outflow pipe only. In a rain storm condition, there will be a rush of water into the storage tank, and the main outflow pipe may not be able to cope with the mixture of water and sewage. The water level in the storage tank will rise, and different items of sewage will be separated out, solids tending to sink, and floatables rising with the water level. Previously, if required, excess water would be allowed to escape from the storage tank through an upper discharge outlet, e.g. into a river, but a proportion of the sewage would also tend to flow out, thus polluting the environment in a manner which would now be unacceptable. A known improved method is to provide a weir/scum board arrangement in the storage tank, which acts as a stilling pond. Relatively clean water flows over the weir and is discharged through a spill outflow, whilst the floatables are retained within the storage tank by the scum board. A mixture of water and sewage continues to be discharged through the main outflow pipe to the sewage treatment plant. It is known to provide side weirs which extend longitudinally of the storage tank or an end weir which is transverse to the direction of flow through the structure. In the case of side weirs their efficiency is partly dependent on their length, since the longer the weir, the shallower is the water flowing over the weir. Similarly the efficiency of an end weir is partly dependent on its distance from the inlet to the storage tank and the extent to which the speed of flow has declined, whereby a greater depth of overflow can be tolerated. As the water level falls the floatables drop to the bottom of the storage tank and flow through the main outflow pipe to the sewage treatment plant. Construction of the concrete storage tank with its weir/scum board arrangement is a complicated task involving a considerable amount of time and labour on site . An object of the invention is to facilitate the construction of a modular, prefabricated pipe structure. According to the invention there is provided a weir section for use in a sewer pipe structure, the weir section comprising a pipe section having at least one side weir extending longitudinally of the pipe section, the or each side weir being formed by a free edge of a channel which is attached to an interior surface of the pipe section to extend longitudinally along the pipe section in an upper part of the pipe section, a base of the channel being spaced above a base of the pipe section. In one embodiment the weir section comprises additionally a scum board which is attached to an upper part of the interior surface of the pipe section, which extends downwardly from the upper part of the interior surface of the pipe section, which extends longitudinally along the pipe section spaced apart from the respective side weir and which has a lower edge at a level below the level of the side weir. In another embodiment screening means is provided and water must flow through the screening means before flowing over the or each weir. Preferably the screening means extends between spaced side weirs extending longitudinally of the pipe section. The invention also provides a sewer pipe structure connectable at an upstream end to an inflow pipe to receive therefrom an inflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture and connectable at a downstream end to an outflow pipe through which the sewage or sewage/water mixture can flow from the storage tank, wherein the sewer pipe structure is formed from one or more prefabricated pipe sections including at least one weir section as defined above, the pipe section of the or each weir section having a cross-sectional area greater than the cross-sectional areas of the inflow pipe and the outflow pipe; sewage or sewage/water mixture accumulated in the weir section has a volume which increases during a period of high rate of inflow and which decreases during a subsequent period of lower rate of inflow; a first inflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed and has connecting means for connection to the inflow pipe and allows inflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture through the inflow pipe into the sewer pipe structure; a second outflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed and has connecting means for connection to the outflow pipe and allows outflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture from the sewage pipe structure to the outflow pipe; and the or each side weir channel allows an overflow of water to flow to a spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the sewer pipe structure. In one embodiment the first inflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed by an inflow end cap, the inflow end cap having connection means for connecting the inflow end cap to the inflow pipe. The second outflow end of the sewer pipe structure may be closed by an outflow end cap, the outflow end cap having connection means for connecting the outflow end cap to the outflow pipe. Preferably the or each pipe section has a dry weather flow channel extending therethrough in an axial direction along the base thereof. It is also preferred that the dry weather flow channel in the or each pipe section is formed by a pair of arcuate sections of pipe which extend longitudinally along the base of the pipe section in spaced-apart relation to one another. Preferably the pair of arcuate sections of pipe define a " generally V-shaped channel in cross-section narrowing towards the base of the channel, the convex surfaces of the two arcuate sections of pipe facing each other. One pipe section preferably includes a spill outflow pipe through which overflow water flowing over the or each side weir in the at least one weir section is discharged from the sewer pipe structure. In one embodiment the sewer pipe structure comprises a pipe section in which an overflow weir is provided extending transversely to the length of the pipe section and allows an overflow of water to flow to a spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the pipe structure. Preferably the end weir is formed by an arcuate section cut from a pipe. It is also preferred that screening means is provided through which water must flow before flowing over the end weir. The end weir may be provided with an associated scum board which extends downwardly from the upper internal surface of the respective pipe section, which extends substantially parallel to the end weir, which extends to a level below the level of the weir and which is positioned sufficiently close to the weir to resist floatables passing over the weir. Preferably each pipe section and arcuate section of pipe is formed of GRP. In one embodiment the sewer pipe structure has a first weir section containing two side weirs extending longitudinally of the weir section, each side weir being formed by an overflow channel formed from an arcuate section of pipe, and a second pipe section connected to the first weir section immediately downstream of the first weir section which includes pipes for transferring water which overflows into the overflow channels of the first weir section to at least one spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the sewer pipe structure. The sewer pipe structure may include a stilling pond section, the stilling pond section being formed from at least one pipe section with a pair of arcuate sections of pipe attached in parallel spaced apart relationship to the internal surface of the pipe section in a lower part of the pipe section, the pair of arcuate sections of pipe forming benching for the pipe section and defining therebetween a generally V- shaped channel narrowing towards the base of the pipe section. The sewer pipe structure may also include a transfer unit, the transfer unit comprising a pipe section having a first cross-section and the pipe section carrying at least one smaller cross-section pipe attached to an upper part of an interior surface of the pipe section, the or each smaller cross-section pipe being provided for carrying therethrough a flow of overflow water previously flowing over a weir of the weir section. The invention further provides a method of providing a spill overflow in a sewer pipe structure comprising forming at least one pipe section; adapting the or each formed pipe section to provide a weir section by attaching at least one channel to an interior surface of the pipe section with a base of the channel spaced above a base of the pipe section and with the free edge of the channel forming a side weir; transporting the formed weir section to an installation site; connecting an upstream end of the weir section to receive sewage or sewage/water mixture from an inflow sewer pipe; connecting a downstream end of the weir section to an outflow sewer pipe for discharge of sewage or sewage/water mixture; and connecting the channel inside the weir section to a spill overflow pipe, whereby when during a period of high rat'e of inflow an uppermost level of the sewage or sewage/water mixture passing through the weir section rises until reaching the free edge of the channel whereafter overflow water flows over the side weir provided by the free edge of the channel and is discharged from the weir section via the spill overflow pipe. Preferably the method includes the step of attaching two arcuate sections of pipe in the lower part of the weir section to form in the weir section a dry weather flow channel extending through the weir section in an axial direction along the base thereof. It is also preferred that the two arcuate sections of pipe are attached with convex surfaces thereof facing each other in order to define a generally V-shaped cross-section channel which narrows towards the base of the weir section. Preferably the method further includes attaching an arcuate section of pipe to the internal wall •surface of the weir section to form the or each channel extending longitudinally of the weir section. The method preferably includes providing screening means associated with the or each weir whereby water must flow through the screening means before flowing over the or each weir. The invention still further provides a method of manufacture of the weir section defined above comprising the steps of forming a first pipe section; forming a second pipe section; cutting the second section of pipe longitudinally to form at least one section of pipe, and attaching the or each cut section of pipe to the interior surface of the first pipe section thereby to form the channel with the free edge which provides the respective side weir. Preferably the first pipe section is formed with a circular cross-section. It is also preferred that the second pipe section is formed with a circular cross-section, whereby the or each cut section of pipe is arcuate in cross- section. By way of example, specific embodiments in accordance with the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a plan view of a modular prefabricated pipe structure having a storage tank and end caps, the storage tank being partly cut-away to show the base channel and side weirs; Figure 2 is a side view of the end cap at the upstream end of the storage tank of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an internal end view of the end cap at the upstream end; Figure 4 is a section along line 4-4 in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a similar plan view to Figure 1 of a second embodiment in which the storage tank is formed of three pipe lengths; Figure 6 is a plan view of a third embodiment in which the second pipe length includes side weirs and the third pipe length is a transfer unit leading to a spill outflow in a fourth pipe length jointed to the downstream end cap; Figure 7 is a section along line 7-7 in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a perspective view of the internal construction of the second pipe length of the embodiment of Figure 6; Figure 9 is a section along line 9-9 in Figure 6; Figure 10 is a side view through the fourth pipe length in the embodiment of Figure 6, partially cutaway; Figure 11 is a section along line 11-11 of Figure 6; Figure 12 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment in which a pipe length adjacent the downstream end cap includes an end weir and scum board arrangement; Figure 13 is a side view of the pipe length including the end weir and scum board arrangement in the embodiment of Figure 12; Figure 14 is an internal end view of the pipe length including the end weir and scum board arrangement in the embodiment of Figure 12; Figure 15 is a similar view to Figure 7 showing an alternative embodiment of side weirs, in cross- section; Figure 16 is a cross-section of another embodiment having longitudinal weir channels and an intermediate screen; • Figure 17 is an internal perspective view of the arrangement of Figure 16; and Figure 18 shows an alternative downstream end cap including a bypass pipe for the flow into the outflow pipe. Referring to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, there is shown a first embodiment of a modular prefabricated pipe structure comprising a storage tank 10 and two 'βnd caps 11, 12. In accordance with the invention each element is formed of a pipe or pipes. The central storage tank 10 is constructed of a circular pipe section of a large diameter and required length, jointed to end caps 11, 12 at its upstream and downstream ends by conventional push-in or ring sealed joints. The upstream end cap 11 is a circular pipe of the same diameter as the storage pipe 10 with a closed end wall which may be integral or separately formed depending on the material of the peripheral pipe. In one embodiment the end cap is a fabricated member formed of GRP. As illustrated, the closed end wall of end cap 11 is formed by an infill of concrete 13, and has a small diameter inflow pipe 14 cast in the end wall at the invert position. The downstream end cap 12 is of similar construction as the upstream end cap 11 with an infill of concrete 13 to form a closed end wall, and has a small diameter outflow pipe 15 cast in at the invert position. The outflow pipe 15 may be provided with control means for controlling the flow rate through the outflow pipe. For example, the control means may be a control plate which can vary the outflow aperture, e.g. by vertical adjustment, through an access point in the end cap, or can be removed from the outflow pipe in the event of it being necessary to remove a blockage. The outflow pipe 15 may be provided with means for fixing a conventional vortex plate, if required. Both the inflow pipe 14 and the outflow pipe 15 are aligned with a dry weather flow channel 16 extending longitudinally along the base of the storage pipe 10. Sewage alone or a mixture of water and sewage thereby flows through the pipe structure, passing through the inflow pipe 14, along the channel 16 and is discharged through the outflow pipe 15 to a sewage treatment plant (not shown) . The diameter of the inflow pipe 14 may be, for example, 300mm to 1000mm depending on the expected maximum flow rate, and the other dimensions are then selected relative to the diameter of the inflow pipe, generally according to conventional sewer technology. By way of example, the storage pipe diameter may be selected between 1000mm and 2500mm, and may be, for example, 6 metres in length. The downstream end cap may also be flow calibrated prior to installation. This may be achieved by filling up the structure with water and measuring the flow rate through the outflow pipe 15 to ensure that it complies with required flow conditions. Flow calibration can be carried out as part of the production of the pipe structure or with the pipe structure assembled but not yet installed. Similar flow calibration of the inlet pipe 14 may also be carried out prior to installation. During dry weather, sewage alone will flow through the pipe structure, partly filling only the channel 16. In a rain storm condition, the flow comprises a mixture of rain water and sewage, and as the flow rate increases, the storage pipe 10 will fill to a higher level with a proportion of the mixture being continuously discharged through the outflow pipe 15 to the sewage treatment plant. The level drops as the flow rate declines. The pipes forming the storage tank 10 and end caps 11, 12 may be formed of any convenient material, for example GRP (glass fibre reinforced plastics) , polyvinyl chloride, steel or pre-cast concrete. However, GRP is the preferred material and the pipes of this embodiment and the following embodiments are made of GRP. GRP pipe is lightweight, smooth, corrosion resistant, and compared with concrete has a much thinner wall thickness allowing a greater capacity in a given size of excavation in the ground. Another advantage of GRP or similar material over concrete is that it can be readily cut to form pipe sections for use as other items of the pipe structure rather than, in the case of concrete, these items being formed separately, either as pre-cast units or manually on site requiring shuttering. A further advantage compared to concrete is that GRP is a pressure resistant pipe material and can provide a pressure resistant joint. In particular, Figure 4 shows that the dry weather channel 16 of the storage pipe 10 is formed, in this embodiment, by two arcuate pipe sections 17 attached longitudinally to the internal wall of the storage pipe in spaced relation with their convex surfaces facing each other. The space between the pipe sections 17 forms the dry weather flow channel 16, and the sides act in a similar manner to conventional benching to direct the sewage towards the centre. However, conventional benching is on either side of the dry weather flow channel and does not form part of the channel itself. One advantage of the channel, m this embodiment, is that the pipe sections 17 form the dry weather flow channel 16 which is substantially V- shaped in cross-section progressively decreasing in width in a downward direction whereby the flow rate is faster at the bottom, which assists the flow of sewage along the channel towards the outflow pipe 15 in the downstream end cap 12. The curvature of the pipe sections 17 may be varied to suit different circumstances. Moreover, at one or both sides, the upper area of the benching formed by the respective pipe section 17 may be generally level so that it provides a walkway through the pipe structure. Another advantage of employing pipe sections 17 for the formation of the dry weather flow channel 16 is that it is the smooth external surface of each pipe section 17 which is in contact with the water and sewage thereby reducing the resistance to flow of sewage along the channel. The smooth surface further assists to discharge the sewage element rather than allowing solids to settle, so that the channel and benching is substantially self-cleaning. The under space 18 between each pipe section 17 and the outer pipe wall of the storage pipe 10 is closed at each end and can be provided with appropriate hatches 19 (see Figure 8) to allow the space to be infilled with gravel after or during installation of the pipe structure, if desired, to resist any tendency for the pipe to be displaced upwardly in the ground during use, e.g. because of a high water table. Access manholes (not shown) are provided in any module of the pipe structure to allow personnel to enter the pipe structure for cleaning or inspection purposes. Generally, at least two manholes would be provided one at either end to allow the inflow of air and for noxious fumes to be emitted. Manholes would also be provided especially at the downstream end, for example, in the downstream end cap 12 to allow personnel to enter the pipe structure to clear any blockage which may occur. The pipe section forming the storage tank 10 is a weir section since it further includes at least one side channel 90 which is attached by suitable brackets to an interior surface of the pipe section and extends longitudinally along the pipe section in an upper part of the pipe section. The base or a base of the channel 90 is thereby spaced above the base or a base of the pipe section 10. The free edge 91 of the channel 90 forms a weir whereby the or each channel allows an overflow of water to flow to a spill outflow pipe 92 through which the overflow water is discharged from the sewer pipe structure at one side or the other. In this embodiment, there are two side weir channels 90 spaced apart within the storage tank 10, at least at its downstream end. The upstream end of the storage tank 10, in this embodiment, acts as a stilling pond. If desired, the overflow water may be discharged from the downstream end of each channel 90. The upstream end of each channel 90 is closed off. Between the channels 90, screening is provided whereby water must flow through the screening before flowing over each lip 91. The intermediate screening is described in detail below in connection with the embodiment of Figures 16 and 17. Figure 5 shows a second embodiment in which the central storage pipe 10 of the pipe structure is formed of a plurality of, for example, 6 metre pipe lengths, in series, three lengths being shown in this embodiment. The pipe lengths 10 are jointed together and to the respective end caps 11, 12 by conventional push-in or ring sealed joints. The two downstream pipe lengths, for example, the second and third pipe lengths 10 in the downstream direction, are weir sections having side weir channels 90 for discharging overflow water through spill outflow pipe 92. Screening 93 is also provided between the side weir channels . Figures 6 to 11 show a third embodiment of a sewer pipe structure 20, in which the end caps 21, 37 at the upstream and downstream ends respectively, are constructed in the same manner as the end caps 11, 12 in the previous embodiment. The upstream pipe length 22 is also constructed in the same manner as the upstream pipe length 10 in Figure 5. The second pipe length 23 shown in Figure 6 has side weirs 24 extending along the length of the pipe, together with associated scum boards 27. Each weir 24 comprises a channel 25 formed by an arcuate pipe section which is open at its top along its length. The inner lip 26 of the channel 25 defines the level of the weir and the open channel provides a flow path for the discharge of water which passes over the weir to the adjacent downstream third pipe length 30. Each weir channel 25 may be a semicircle in cross-section or may be more or less than a semicircle. Alternatively, the weir channel may be formed in other shapes, for example, as described below in relation to Figure 15. The outer wall of each weir channel 25 is attached to the internal wall surface of the outer pipe (see Figures 7 and 8) whereby the respective weir channel is hung on the wall of the outer pipe length at a level in the upper portion of the outer pipe length or adjacent its top. For additional support if desired, or for safety reasons, there may be provided stainless steel brackets 28 (see Figure 8) supporting each weir channel 25, attached to the internal wall surface of the outer pipe 23, for example, by bolts. However, it will be appreciated that, in use, under overflow conditions, whilst the weir channel 24 is carrying water, it is also being supported from underneath, because the pipe length 23 will be full of water and sewage up to the level of the inner lip of the weir channel 25, for overflow to occur. Alternatively, the pipe section channels 25 forming the side weirs 24 may be suspended from the top of the outer pipe length 23' using stainless steel brackets . In either case, the weir channels 25 may be formed with a taper extending outwardly in the downstream direction or a gradient which could be downwardly or upwardly depending on the angle of the outer pipe 23. Alternatively, each weir channel 25 may be suspended so that it is given a desired gradient. In each case, each weir channel can be a cut pipe section. For each weir channel 25, in this embodiment, there is an associated scum board 27, which can also be supported by stainless steel brackets 29, if desired. The scum board 27 extends substantially parallel to the weir channel and downwardly to a level below the level of the lip 26 of the weir channel, the spacing of the scum board from the weir channel being selected to be most effective to trap floatables and/or ensure or improve oil retention. For this purpose, each scum board 27 may be a flat panel as illustrated, or may be a further pipe section arranged in the position and direction of curvature which gives most benefit to preclude floatables from flowing over the weir. An advantage of using a pipe section for the scum board is that a special panel is not required to be manufactured. The length of the side weir 24 will determine the depth of any water overflowing into the weir channel and therefore the particle size of sewage or other foreign material flowing with the water. For this reason, although only one second pipe length 23 is illustrated, there may be provided a plurality of second pipe lengths 23 to provide a longer weir length and thereby a shallower depth of water overflowing the weir. The third pipe length 30 shown in Figure 6 is a transfer unit for transferring water which overflows into the weir channels 25 to a fourth pipe length 35 having at least one spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the pipe structure. This third pipe length is constructed in the same manner as the or each second pipe length 23 except that complete, circular pipes 31 are aligned with the open-top weir channels 25 of the second pipe length 23 or the most downstream second pipe length if more than one second pipe length is employed in the pipe structure. The pipes 31 of the third pipe length are attached to the internal wall surface of the outer pipe and are supported in the same manner as the weir channels 25 of the or each second pipe length. To give greater capacity to the storage tank, the third pipe length may be formed of a series of pipe lengths. The fourth pipe length 35 is jointed to the downstream end of the third pipe length 30, or the final third pipe length, in the same manner as the other pipe lengths are jointed together. The fourth pipe length has a dry weather flow channel 16 constructed in the same manner as in each preceding pipe length, communicating with the main outflow pipe 15 in the downstream end cap 37. Continuation pipes 36 are provided in the fourth pipe length 35 for receiving the overflow water from the third pipe length 30, or the most downstream third pipe length, and for communicating the overflow water to at least one spill outflow 39 which extends transverse to the general direction of flow through the pipe structure. The or each spill outflow 39 may discharge the overflow water at a high and/or low level and at one side or the other side of the pipe structure, as desired. The spill outflow 39 may include means for screening the outflow of water, e.g. a mesh barrier, either internally of the spill outflow pipe or externally of the pipe structure. Alternatively, screening means may be provided upstream of the spill outflow 39, for example, within the weir channels 25 or within the pipes 31 or the pipes 36. Figures 12 to 14 illustrate an alternative sewer pipe structure 40 in which there is provided an end weir 42 and scum board 43 arrangement instead of the side weirs 24 and associated scum boards 27 of the embodiment of Figures 6 to 11. The end caps 11, 12 and storage pipe length or lengths 10 are constructed in the same manner as shown in Figures 1 to 5. Forming the downstream end of the storage pipe length or lengths 10, there is a pipe length 41, including a transverse weir wall 42 upstanding from the bottom of the outer pipe adjacent its downstream end and an associated scum board 43 extending downwardly from the top of the outer pipe, upstream of but close to the weir wall. This end weir 42 and scum board 43 arrangement may be formed from flat panels, as shown, or pipe sections attached to the internal wall of the outer pipe, their curvature being selected and arranged to promote the most efficient overflow of water and retention of floatables and oil. If desired, instead of the scum board 43, screening means may be provided through which water must flow before flowing over the end weir 42. Downstream of the weir 42, there is defined an overflow discharge chamber 44 between the weir and the downstream end cap 12. This overflow discharge chamber 44 has benching 46 in its base or pipework for feeding the overflow water to a low level spill outflow 45 on one side or the other of the pipe structure. The spill outflow 45 or the chamber 44 may include means for screening the overflow water before it leaves the pipe structure, or screening means may be provided externally of the pipe structure. A short connecting length of outflow pipe 47 passes through the weir wall 42 and beneath the benching 46 or pipework in the discharge chamber 44 for communicating the dry flow channel 16 in the half pipe length 41 and the outflow pipe 15 in the downstream end cap 12. Alternatively, instead of the pipe 47, there may be an aperture or passage. in the weir wall 42 allowing flow between the dry weather flow channel 16 and the outflow pipe 15 in the downstream end cap 12. In either case, the pipe 47 or the aperture or passage in the weir wall 42 may be provided with provision for fixing a conventional vortex plate, if required. Figure 15 illustrates an alternative form of side weir arrangement, in which each weir channel 50 comprises a pipe section of greater capacity than in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 11. The channel lip 51 which defines the weir level is substantially vertical, and part of the weir wall is formed by the outer pipe. There is also shown a different form of support bracket 52 which supports both one of the weir channels 50 and its associated scum board 53. Figures 16 and 17 show a further modified side weir arrangement in which two weir channels 70 are disposed substantially at the widest horizontal dimension of the outer pipe 71 to achieve greater capacity. A stainless steel screen 72 is arranged generally horizontally between the weir channels 70 and extending the full length of the weir channels, as one example of a screen arrangement. The same or similar screening may be used in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4 or the embodiment of Figure 5, or instead of the scumboards in any of the embodiments of Figures 6 to 15. The mesh of the screen 72 is selected to restrict particles over a particular size passing into the side weir channels 70, and thereby the screen acts as a filter for the mixture of water and sewage flowing through the pipe structure via each weir channel 70 to a common spill outflow pipe 79 on one side or the other of the outer pipe 71. If desired, the overflow water may be discharged from the downstream end of each weir channel 70. In a similar manner to the previous arrangements, stainless steel supports 73 are provided for the outer edges of the weir channels in contact with the outer pipe 71, and further supports 78 are provided for the inner edges of the weir channels. The further supports also support the intermediate screen 72 in this embodiment and are fixed to the roof of the outer pipe, as shown. In this embodiment, the screen 72 is fabricated in the form of a series of panels 74 formed with upwardly sloping surfaces 75 to provide an enlarged working area. The panels 74 are bolted to a peripheral frame 76 which is itself attached to the supports 78. Alternatively, the screen may be formed of flat sheets of suitable mesh material and aperture size. In general, any powered or static screen arrangement may be provided. Particles which are precluded from passing through the screen 72 precipitate downwardly. However, cleaning means may be provided so that the screen is largely self-cleaning. The cleaning means may comprise fixed jets. Alternatively, moving brushes or other cleaning means may be provided for cleaning both the upper and lower surfaces of the screen panels 74. In this embodiment, the dry weather channel 16 is also formed by shallower pipe sections 80 to maximise the volume of pipe below the weir channels 70 and screen 72. Figure 18 illustrates an alternative downstream end cap 60 which may be employed instead of the end cap 12, 37 of the previous embodiments. The end cap 60 has a bypass pipe 61 in case the main outflow pipe 62 should become blocked. If a blockage occurs, the level of sewage or mixture of water and sewage in the end cap will rise and can exit via the bypass pipe 61. The bypass pipe 61 may be continuously open, or is preferably provided with a valve arrangement 63 which can be opened from above when indicator means signals a blockage causing the rate of outflow in pipe 62 to be reduced. In a further embodiment, there is provided a baffle element of the pipe structure comprising a short pipe of the same nominal diameter as the other pipe lengths with a transverse wall having a pipe or aperture at least at the invert position. This baffle element may be employed between two adjacent pipe lengths as a restriction on the flow of water and sewage through the pipe structure. If, for example, the baffle element is provided between pipe lengths 23 and 30 in Figure 6, the element would also have further apertures corresponding to the weir channels 25 or the pipes 31. Similarly, there may be provided a pipe length or lengths 22 downstream of the fourth pipe length 35, in the embodiment of Figure 6, to provide a further storage area at the downstream end of the pipe structure. It will be appreciated that although the general overall dimensions of the different pipe lengths will be relative to the diameter of the inflow pipe 14, specific dimensions and curvatures of, for example, the benching 17 forming the dry weather flow channel 16, or the size and height of the side weirs 24 or any of the other changeable features will be chosen to suit the particular circumstances of the installation. In each of the embodiments described above, a weir section may be manufactured by forming a first pipe section with a circular or other cross-section. A second pipe section of circular or other cross-section is also formed and then cut longitudinally to form at least one, for example, arcuate section of pipe. In the above embodiments, two arcuate sections of pipe are cut from one or more second pipe sections and are attached to the interior surface of the first section of pipe, thereby to form the side weir channels. The dry weather flow channel is also formed by attaching two arcuate sections of pipe in the lower part of the weir section. The screening means or scumboards are fixed within the weir section. The formed weir section is transported to an installation site. With or without other pipe lengths, the upstream end of the weir section is connected to receive sewage or sewage/water mixture from an inflow sewer pipe, and the downstream end is connected to an outflow sewer pipe for discharge of sewage or sewage/water mixture. The or each side weir channel inside the weir section is connected to a spill overflow pipe. Thereby, when during a period of high rate of inflow an uppermost level of the sewage or sewage/water mixture passing through the weir section rises until reaching the free edge of each side weir channel, whereafter overflow water flows over the lip into the side weir channel and is discharged from the weir section via the spill overflow pipe. For some arrangements in which the pipe structure is to be installed, there may be a restriction on the water level which can be tolerated within the pipe. In this case, it is advantageous to raise the inflow pipe and base of the dry weather channel relative to the side weir channels and maintain flow capacity, rather than lowering the weir channels and reducing flow capacity. The invention is not limited to the specific features of the embodiments described above. For example the sewer pipe structure may comprise one or more pipe sections in series without separate end caps at the upstream and downstream ends. The pipe section or the end pipe section at the upstream and/or downstream end of the sewer pipe structure may have a closed end wall, which is integral or separately formed depending on the material of the pipe section and has connecting means for connection to the respective inflow pipe 14 or outflow pipe 15. The end wall may be formed of GRP or may be an infill of concrete. One or more of the pipe lengths may contain one or more bends rather than defining a straight flow as illustrated. To achieve a bend, two pipe lengths are mitred together end to end, at the required angle. The base channels in each length, as well as any weir channel and scum board, are thereby aligned and continuous . The closed end wall of each end cap may be provided by a precast concrete panel instead of an infill of concrete, or may be formed of GRP as described above. Furthermore, lighting may be provided within the pipe lengths of the storage pipe to assist inspection of the pipe and during cleaning. Alternatively, fixtures, e.g. hooks, may be provided in the pipe lengths for hanging temporary lighting for inspection or cleaning purposes. There may also be provided means for flushing the pipe structure. Closed circuit television (CCTV) may be provided within the storage pipe. Similarly, ultra-sonic level sensors may be provided. Means for measuring the level of water and sewage within the storage pipe, e.g. a float, or for measuring the flow rate through one or more lengths of the storage pipe, e.g. a flow measuring propeller, may be provided. The measuring means could be actuated from insertion points in the top of the pipe lengths at appropriate positions along the length of the storage pipe. Although the invention has been described and illustrated in relation to circular pipes and pipe sections, the invention is not limited thereto. Instead, it is possible to use pipes of square cross- section, or a mixture of circular and square cross- section pipes.

Claims: CLAIMS : 1. A weir section for use in a sewer pipe structure, the weir section comprising a pipe section having at least one side weir extending longitudinally of the pipe section, the or each side weir being formed by a free edge of a channel which is attached to an interior surface of the pipe section to extend longitudinally along the pipe section in an upper part of the pipe section, a base of the channel being spaced above a base of the pipe section. 2. A weir section as claimed in Claim 1 which comprises additionally a scum board which is attached to an upper part of the interior surface of the pipe section, which extends downwardly from the upper part of the interior surface of the pipe section, which extends longitudinally along the pipe section spaced apart from the respective side weir and which has a lower edge at a level below the level of the side weir. 3. A weir section as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein screening means is provided and water must flow through the screening means before flowing over the or each weir. 4. A weir section as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the screening means extends between spaced side weirs extending longitudinally of the pipe section. 5. A sewer pipe structure connectable at an upstream end to an inflow pipe to receive therefrom an inflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture and connectable at a downstream end to an outflow pipe through which the sewage or sewage/water mixture can flow from the storage tank, wherein: the sewer pipe structure is formed from one or more prefabricated pipe sections including at least one weir section as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the pipe section of the or each weir section having a cross-sectional area greater than the cross- sectional areas of the inflow pipe and the outflow pipe; sewage or sewage/water mixture accumulated in the weir section has a volume which increases during a period of high rate of inflow and which decreases during a subsequent period of lower rate of inflow; a first inflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed and has connecting means for connection to the inflow pipe and allows inflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture through the inflow pipe into the sewer pipe structure; a second outflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed and has connecting means for connection to the outflow pipe and allows outflow of sewage or sewage/water mixture from the sewage pipe structure to the outflow pipe; and the or each side weir channel allows an overflow of water to flow to a spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the sewer pipe structure. 6. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the first inflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed by an inflow end cap, the inflow end cap having connection means for connecting the inflow end cap to the inflow pipe. 7. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, wherein the second outflow end of the sewer pipe structure is closed by an outflow end cap, the outflow end cap having connection means for connecting the outflow end cap to the outflow pipe. 8. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 7, wherein the or each pipe section has a dry weather flow channel extending therethrough in an axial direction along the base thereof. 9. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the dry weather flow channel in the or each pipe section is formed by a pair of arcuate sections of pipe which extend longitudinally along the base of the pipe section in spaced-apart relation to one another. 10. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the pair of arcuate sections of pipe define a generally V-shaped channel in cross-section narrowing towards the base of the channel, the convex surfaces of the two arcuate sections of pipe facing each other. 11. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 10, wherein one pipe section includes a spill outflow pipe through which overflow water flowing over the or each side weir in the at least one weir section is discharged from the sewer pipe structure . 12. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 11, which comprises a pipe section in which an overflow weir is provided extending transversely to the length of the pipe section and allows an overflow of water to flow to a spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the pipe structure. 13. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the end weir is formed by an arcuate section cut from a pipe. 14. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 13, wherein screening means is provided through which water must flow before flowing over the end weir. 15. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the end weir is provided with an associated scum board which extends downwardly from the upper internal surface of the respective pipe section, which extends substantially parallel to the end weir, which extends to a level below the level of the weir and which is positioned sufficiently close to the weir to resist floatables passing over the weir. 16. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 15, wherein each pipe section and arcuate section of pipe is formed of GRP. 17. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 16, herein a first weir section contains two side weirs extending longitudinally of the weir section, each side weir being formed by an overflow channel formed from an arcuate section of pipe, and wherein a second pipe section connected to the first weir section immediately downstream of the first weir section includes pipes for transferring water which overflows into the overflow channels of the first weir section to at least one spill outflow through which the overflow water is discharged from the sewer pipe structure. 18. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 17, including a stilling pond section, the stilling pond section being formed from at least one pipe section with a pair of arcuate sections of pipe attached in parallel spaced apart relationship to the internal surface of the pipe section in a lower part of the pipe section, the pair of arcuate sections of pipe forming benching for the pipe section and defining therebetween a generally V-shaped channel narrowing towards the base of the pipe section. 19. A sewer pipe structure as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 18, including a transfer unit, the transfer unit comprising a pipe section having a first cross-section and the pipe section carrying at least one smaller cross-section pipe attached to an upper part of an interior surface of the pipe section, the or each smaller cross-section pipe being provided for carrying therethrough a flow of overflow water previously flowing over a weir of the weir section. 20. A method of providing a spill overflow m a sewer pipe structure comprising: forming at least one pipe section; adapting the or each formed pipe section to provide a weir section by attaching at least one channel to an interior surface of the pipe section with a base of the channel spaced above a base of the pipe section and with the free edge of the channel forming a side weir; transporting the formed weir section to an installation site; connecting an upstream end of the weir section to receive sewage or sewage/water mixture from an inflow sewer pipe; connecting a downstream end of the weir section to an outflow sewer pipe for discharge of sewage or sewage/water mixture; and connecting the channel inside the weir section to a spill overflow pipe; whereby when during a period of high rate of inflow an uppermost level of the sewage or sewage/water mixture passing through the weir section rises until reaching the free edge of the channel whereafter overflow water flows over the side weir provided by the free edge of the channel and is discharged from the weir section via the spill overflow pipe. 21. A method as claimed in Claim 20, including attaching two arcuate sections of pipe in the lower part of the weir section to form in the weir section a dry weather flow channel extending through the weir section in an axial direction along the base thereof. 22. A method as claimed in Claim 21, wherein the two arcuate sections of pipe are attached with convex surfaces thereof facing each other in order to define a generally V-shaped cross-section channel which narrows towards the base of the weir section. 23. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 20 to 22, wherein the method includes attaching an arcuate section of pipe to the internal wall surface of the weir section to form the or each channel extending longitudinally of the weir section. 24. A method according to any one of Claims 20 to 23, including providing screening means associated with the or each weir whereby water must flow through the screening means before flowing over the or each weir. 25. A method of manufacture of the weir section claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 comprising the steps of: forming a first pipe section; forming a second pipe section; cutting the second section of pipe longitudinally to form at least one section of pipe; and attaching the or each cut section of pipe to the interior surface of the first pipe section thereby to form the channel with the free edge which provides the respective side weir. 26. A method according to Claim 25, wherein the first pipe section is formed with a circular cross-section. 27. A method according to Claim 25 or Claim 26, wherein the second pipe section is formed with a circular cross-section, whereby the or each cut section of pipe is arcuate in cross-section.

Inventors: CURRIE RUSSELL DARLING, CURRIE, RUSSELL, DARLING
Applicants: CURRIE RUSSELL DARLING, JOHNSTON PIPES LTD, CURRIE, RUSSELL, DARLING, JOHNSTON PIPES LIMITED
Application year: 2001
Main classification: E03F5
IPC codes: E03F3, E03F5