GENE MARKERS USEFUL FOR DETECTING SKIN DAMAGE IN RESPONSE TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

Abstract: The cellular response to ultraviolet radiation exposure has been characterized on the molecular level through the use of high density gene array technology. Nucleic acid molecules and protein molecules, the expression of which are repressed or induced in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, are identified according to a temporal pattern of altered expression post ultraviolet radiation exposure. Methods are disclosed that utilized these ultraviolet radiation-regulated molecules as markers for ultraviolet radiation exposure. Other screening methods of the invention are designed for the identification of compounds that modulate the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The invention also provides compositions useful for drug screening or pharmaceuticals purposes.

Description: Gene Markers Useful for Detecting Skin Damage in Response to Ultraviolet Radiation Field of the Invention The invention relates to the fields of molecular biology, cell biology and dermatology. More specifically, the invention relates to the molecular events underlying the response of a cell to exposure to ultraviolet radiation and, thereby, to the molecular processes contributing towards the development of premature tissue aging and cancer. Background of the Invention Human skin is relatively simple tissue that performs varied and complex functions such as temperature regulation, the processing of vitamin D precursors, the excretion of urea, and the storage of carbohydrate and fat. The skin contains many unique cell types to effect its specialized functions. On a gross level, the skin consists of epidermis and a basement membrane zone overlying dermis and subcutaneous fat. Skin tissue arises embryologically from ectoderm, neuroectoderm, and mesoderm. The epidermis, hair and sebaceous glands (pilosebaceous units), sweat glands (eccrine units), and nails are all ectodermal derivatives. Neuroectodermal derivatives include melanocytes, nerves, and special neuroreceptors, while mesenchymal derivatives include collagen, reticulin and elastic fibers, blood vessels, muscle, and fat. Probably the most important function of the skin is that of protection; the skin produces a scaling surface impermeable to many substances, has an elaborate network of immunocompetent cells constantly monitoring for potentially harmful antigens, and produces pigment which filters out harmful rays of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation is a major environmental damaging agent causing photodamage to the skin, including cutaneous malignancies and photoaging (see generally, Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in Medicine. Fifth Edition, I. M. Freedberg, et al, eds., McGraw-Hill (1999)). Clinical features of photoaging include wrinkles, skin laxity and coarseness, and pigmentation disorders. While histological manifestations of photoaging have been well known for some time, the molecular mechanisms that cause them have only recently become a focus of concerted studies. Solar light contains a broad spectrum of energy wavelengths, and ultraviolet radiation which is among the relatively short wavelengths occurring at between 100 and 400 nanometers (in contrast to the visible light spectrum which occurs at between about 490 and 690 nanometers). Ultraviolet radiation is composed of three segments, designated as A, B, and C. Ultraviolet-C radiation (between 100 and 280 nanometers) is filtered out by the earth's ozone layer and is not known to pose a health threat. There is evidence, however, that exposure to both ultraviolet-A radiation (between 315 and 400 nanometers) and ultraviolet-B radiation (between 280 and 315 nanometers) can have adverse short-term and long-term effects on skin health and visual health. For example, ultraviolet radiation is known to play an important a role in both the development of skin cancers and premature aging of the skin. The cell type most affected by ultraviolet radiation in humans is the keratinocyte. When illuminated by ultraviolet radiation, the keratinocyte reacts in three generally non-overlapping ways. First, it initiates a DNA repair response, which is activated by the DNA damage itself (Hen ick et al. (1994) Adv. Enzyme Reg. 34:381-95). Second, it signals to the surrounding tissue by releasing pro- inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNFα (Ullrich et al. (2000) J. Dermatol. Sci. 23:S10-2; Ouhtit et al. (2000) Am. J. Pathol. 156:201-7; and Beissert et al. (1999) /. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 4:61-4). Third, the keratinocyte activates its inherent responses to ultraviolet radiation by changing its physiology, including regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and induction of apoptosis (Zhuang et al. (2000) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20:445-54; and Assefa et al. (1997) J. Invest. Dermatol. 108:886-891). The inherent responses of keratinocytes to ultraviolet radiation, by analogy with responses to other extracellular signals, can be separated into two phases, the immediate and delayed. The immediate phase contains the ultraviolet radiation- specific signal transduction cascades and results in activation of transcription factors. In the delayed phase one sees the changes in gene expression. The invention herein provides a characterization of the ultraviolet radiation-responsive induced and suppressed genes in human epidermal keratinocytes. The histological signs of photoaging at the epidermal level include the following: (1) variation in the thickness of the epidermis (atrophy or hyperplasia according to the zones observed); (2) a cellular atypia (Kligman et al. (1986) Photodermatol. 3:215-227); (3) a loss of cell polarity; (4) an unevenness of the horny layer; (5) a reduction in the number of Langerhans' cells (Lavker et al. (1987) J. Invest. Dermatol. 88:44s-51s); (6) a pigmentation characterized by a mosaic appearance with hypo- or hyperpigmentation zones; and (7) a linearization of the dermo-epidermal junction (Lavker (1979) J. Invest. Dermatol. 73:59). For a review of photoaging of the skin, see Gilchourest, Skin and Aging Processes. 1989, CRC Press. The biologic responses of cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation have been studied in a wide variety of systems, from Esherichia coli to man. In humans, the molecular effects of ultraviolet radiation include DNA damage, apoptosis and activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the nuclear factor kappa-beta (NFkB). Both studied recently, although not extensively in epidermal keratinocytes, which are the primary target of ultraviolet radiation. A major impetus for studies of the molecular response to ultraviolet radiation came with the identification of the protein kinase that bound to and activated the c-Jun transcription factor in response to ultraviolet radiation (Derijard et al. (1994) Cell 76:1025-1037). The kinase was named "JNK" for Jun N-terminal kinase, or "SAPK" for stress activated protein kinase (Kyriakis et al. (1994) Nature 369:156-160). Soon it was realized that JNK responds to several extracellular signals in addition to ultraviolet radiation, such as osmotic shock, arsenate, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Rosette et al. (1996) Science 274:1194-7; Cavigelh et al. (1996) E.M.B.O. Journal 15:6269-79). JNK can phosphorylate additional transcription factors, including Elkl and ATF2 (Kallunki et al. (1996) Cell 87:929-39). JNK is itself activated by a small number of relatively specific kinases, designated "JNKKs." Many kinases, designated JNKKKs, respond to a large variety of stimuli to phosphorylate and activate "JNKKs;" the ultraviolet radiation-responsive JNKKK has not yet been identified (Fanger et al. (1997) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 7:67-74). Another clear molecular effect of ultraviolet radiation is the activation of the NFkB transcription factor (Devary et al. (1993) Science 261:1442-5). The activation of NFkB by ultraviolet radiation is not associated with DNA damage and occurs even in cytoplasts devoid of nuclear DNA (Devary et al. (1993) Science 261:1442-5; Simon et al. (1994) J. Invest. Dermatol. 102:422-7). Inactive NFkB resides in the cytoplasm complexed with IkB protein. Upon activation by a very large and varied set of extracellular stimuli, IkB is phosphorylated and thus designated for proteolysis. This results in the release of NFkB, which is then free to enter the nucleus and activate gene transcription (Barnes et al. (1997) NE J. Med. 336:1066-71). The ultraviolet radiation-responsive kinases that mark IkB for degradation have not yet been identified (Li et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 95:13012-13017). Methods to evaluate photodamage to skin or to cells contained therein have been described in the art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,079,415 provides methods and markers useful for establishing ultraviolet-A radiation damage to the dermis, and more specifically, to the production of collagen by fibroblasts of the dermis. Moreover, methods useful for the prevention of ultraviolet radiation damage to the skin or cells contained therein have been described. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,908,836 provides methods for protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation damage using sulphated sugars, and U.S. Patent No. 5,916,880 provides a method to reduce wrinkles by treatment with sulfated sugars. Numerous other examples have been described in the field. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,939,457 describes the use of a hydroxy acid product useful for the reduction of wrinkles, U.S. Patent No. 5,939,082 describes the use of a vitamin B compound for the regulation of signs of skin aging, and U.S. Patent No. 5,962,534 describes the use of certain retenoids. However, studies to date examining the response at the molecular level of skin and the specialized skin cells to exposure to ultraviolet radiation almost exclusively have been limited to the examination of one or several genes and/or proteins specific to a particular cellular process. For example, the study by Garmyn et al. ((1991) Lab. Invest. 65:471-478) describes an immediate and early temporal pattern of keratinocyte response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, but this study was limited to an analysis of the expression patterns of only a few genes. Moreover, no study has successfully provided an analysis of the complete response of the skin and/or the specialized cells of the skin to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. For example, while the study by Abts et al. ((1997) Photochem. Photobio. 66(3):363-367) utilized the methodology of mRNA differential display to study alterations in gene expression mediated by ultraviolet radiation exposure, the study identified only a very small number of ultraviolet radiation-regulated genes due to the difficulty of the technique used. The role of the ultraviolet-B radiation has been clearly demonstrated in the induction of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers. It has, as a principal chromophore, nucleic acids and, in particular, deoxyribonucleic acid, in which it induces lesions and/or mutations (Εller, in Photodamage. pp. 26-56, Blackwell, ed. (1995)). In addition, ultraviolet-B radiation has been linked to premature aging of the skin, characterized by a dry, rough clinical appearance associated with a loss of elasticity, as well as marked wrinkles. Gene array technology is a powerful, new technique for gene expression monitoring, enabling a global view into changes of expression for an extremely large set of genes. The technology has been applied to the study of many biologic processes (see, e, Lockhart et al. (1966) Nat. Biotechnol. 14:1675-1680; Johnston (1998) Curr. Biol. 8:171-174). For example, the technique has been used in the study of cancer (Scherf et al. (2000) Nat. Genet. 24:236-44; Ross et al. (2000) Nat. Genet. 24:227-35; Welford et al. (1998) Nuc. Acids Res. 26:3059-3065; Alon et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 96:6745-6750; and Golub et al. (1999) Science 286:531- 537); for the study of complex pathways of gene expression (Fambrough et al. (1999) Cell 97:727-741; and Galitski et al. (1999) Science 285:251-254); for the study of the aging process (Cheol-Koo Lee (1999) Science 285:1390-1393; Ly et al. (2000) Science 287:2486-92; Harkin (1999) Cell 97:575-586); and for the study of the stress response of cells to particular damaging agents (Jelinsky et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 96:1486-1491)). Pharmacological agents useful in the treatment of photodamaged skin have been identified. For example, the normal repair processes in photodamaged skin have been enhanced pharmacologically. The first to be assessed for this property was Tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid). Studies have demonstrated that the reconstruction zone of new collagen was significantly deeper in tretinoin-treated mice, with the enhanced repair being dose and time related. In addition, new collagen was histochemically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically normal. As determined by radioimmunoassay, collagen content was increased two-fold, and mRNAs for types I and HI collagen were increased two- to threefold in the tretinoin-treated skin. New collagen synthesis was localized with immunofluorescence techniques in the histologically defined reconstruction zone, and the presence of new elastin and increased fibronectin were also established in the region. Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) has also been demonstrated to enhance dermal repair in mice. This repair activity remains retinoid-specific. (Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in Medicine. Fifth Edition, I. M. Freedberg, et al, eds., McGraw-Hill (1999), pp. 1717-1721). Studies at the molecular level have shown that ultraviolet-B radiation up- regulates the collagen-degrading enzymes collagenase and gelatinase, and that tretinoin reduces the mRNA's, protein, and activities of these enzymes by 50 to 80 percent. Id. at 1721. Thus, pharmacological agents may be used to reverse skin damage resulting from altered expression of proteins and nucleic acid molecules due to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Because exposure of specialized cells of the skin to ultraviolet radiation plays an important role in the generation of skin cancer and in the process of premature aging, it would be beneficial to characterize at the molecular level the full response of the skin to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The present invention provides such information, which was previously lacking in the field. Moreover, epidermal keratinocytes, the main target of environmental ultraviolet radiation, have seldom been used as the model system. The invention described herein redresses this deficiency in the art. Furthermore, nucleic acid molecules and protein molecules in skin cells that are regulated by ultraviolet radiation and the methods provided herein are useful resources for the identification of pharmacological agents for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer and premature aging of the skin. Summary of the Invention It has been discovered that certain molecular events occur in the response of a cell to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. More particularly, it has been determined that the expression of a plurality of specific nucleic acid molecules and proteins are regulated in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The term "regulated" is used herein to mean that the expression of RNA molecules and/or proteins encoded therein are increased or decreased in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure of a cell relative to the expression levels found in a non-ultraviolet radiation irradiated cell. These ultraviolet radiation-regulated nucleic acid molecules and proteins are further characterized temporally in relation to the cellular response (a first response, a second response, and a third response) and in a quantitative fashion (induced or repressed) in relation to the expression levels found in a cell not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. These discoveries have been exploited to provide the present invention, which includes compositions of matter, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of identifying a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation, and screening methods for the identification of compounds that modulate a response by a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response comprising the altered expression of nucleic acid molecules and/or proteins in the cell. The cellular responses defined by the present invention relate to the altered expression of RNA molecules and/or protein molecules in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. These responses include the following: (1) a primary first response, a primary second response, and a primary third response, all of which, relate to the altered expression of RNA molecules in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; (2) a secondary first response, a secondary second response, and a secondary third response, all of which relate to the altered expression of RNA molecules in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; (3) a tertiary first response, a tertiary second response, and a tertiary third response, all of which relate to the altered expression of proteins in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; and (4) a quaternary first response, a quaternary second response, and a quaternary third response, all of which relate to the altered expression of proteins in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the invention provides for a number of groups of RNA molecules or proteins that are regulated in response the exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation. These groups include the following: (1) a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group, all of which relate to the altered expression of RNA molecules in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; (2) a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group, all of which relate to the altered expression of RNA molecules in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; (3) a tertiary first response group, a tertiary second response group, and a tertiary third response group, all of which relate to the altered expression of proteins in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation; and (4) a quaternary first response group, a quaternary second response group, and a quaternary third response group, all of which relate to the altered expression of proteins in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The specific differences between these groups are detailed below. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition of matter comprising: (1) a plurality of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides regulated by a cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (2) a substrate suitable for binding the nucleic acid molecules of (1). The group of polynucleotides regulated by the cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises the following: M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, X53065, M13903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete eds, M21302 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, L05188 H. sapiens small proline-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete eds, Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete eds, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, X70326 Macmarcks, X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, M80254 H. sapiens cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete eds, L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete eds, U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete eds, L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete eds, M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete eds, Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete eds, D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete eds, M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete eds, X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete eds, Z14244 H. sapiens coxVITb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete eds, M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and eds, X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for Drosophila female sterile homeotic (FSH) homolog, X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete eds, M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete eds, L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete eds, M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete eds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete eds, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. Spli, V00594 Human mRNA for metallothionein from cadmium-treated cells, V00599 Tubulin, Beta, X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium-binding protein A13, M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete eds, U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete eds, M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete eds, S54005 thymosin beta-10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete eds, U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, M28130 Human interleukin 8 (H8) gene, complete eds, X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete eds, U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete eds, M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete eds, D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete eds, X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon-inducible gene family, X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete eds, X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete eds, X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kD/15-kD protein mRNA, complete eds, M21186 Human neutrophil cytochrome b light chain p22 phagocyte b- cytochrome mRNA, compl, D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete eds, M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete eds, V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete eds, K02574, X15729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase-like protein, complete eds, M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete eds, X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genome, Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBlO) mRNA, complete eds, X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, J04456 Human 14 kD lectin mRNA, complete eds, Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, U70660 Human copper transport protein HAH1 (HAH1) mRNA, complete eds, D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial eds, Y07604 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete eds, Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19, L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 KD (Gb:Y00371), M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete eds, Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, U40369 Human spermidine/spermine Nl-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete eds, M12125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete eds, X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete eds, D13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kD nuclear protein pi 20, partial cds(carbox, L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete eds, X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for liver-specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete eds, M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone-binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete eds, D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete eds, M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda-ARH(6,12), L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete eds, M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete eds, U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete eds, M22960 Human protective protein mRNA, complete eds, D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete eds, LI 6862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete eds, Ml 9309 Human slow skeletal muscle troponin T mRNA, clone H22h, D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete eds, U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete eds, J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete eds, U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete eds, X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete eds, U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete eds, X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, D15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete eds, D 10923 Human mRNA for HM74, M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete eds, U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proliferation- associated gene (pag), X82200 H. sapiens Staf50 mRNA, L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete eds, U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial eds, M12529 Human apolipoprotein E mRNA, complete eds, X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPlalpha mRNA, complete eds, U41766 Human metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, c, AF006041 H. sapiens Fas-binding protein (DAXX) mRNA, partial eds, U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete eds, M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete eds, U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete eds, U13991 Human TATA-binding protein associated factor 30 kD subunit (tafII30) mRNA, comp, J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete eds, U51586 Human siah binding protein 1 (SiahBPl) mRNA, partial eds, M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete eds, X52425 Human J -4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, X94563 H. sapiens dbi/acbp gene exon 1 & 2, X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, X56681 Human junD mRNA, V01512 Human cellular oncogene c-fos (complete sequence), U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete eds, L13391 Human helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete eds, U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, M16364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete eds, L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete eds, X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-I16, X78549 H. sapiens brk mRNA for tyrosine kinase, LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], D13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete eds, D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete eds, U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) mRNA, complete eds, U89336 Human HLA class HI region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LJJVI domain, partial eds, L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete eds, U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase- ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kD subunit, M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete eds, M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, X89267 H. sapiens DNA for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene, X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete eds, X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, L19314 Human HRY gene, complete eds, D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, X12794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial eds, U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF-1) gene, complete eds, M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete eds, L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete eds, L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4: 11) of ALL- 1 gene to chromosome 4, D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete eds, S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-ind, L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete eds, L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF- betallR alpha, complete eds, X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete eds, M12886 Human T-cell receptor active beta- chain mRNA, complete eds, M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete eds, J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete eds, M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete eds, U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete eds, X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete eds, U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete eds, M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751), U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, compl, Z11585 Potassium Channel Protein (Gb:Z11585), M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete eds, D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial eds, M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete eds, U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete eds, J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, U68142 Human RalGDS-like 2 (RGL2) mRNA, partial eds, U88898 Human endogenous retroviral H protease/integrase-derived ORF1 mRNA, complete eds, M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete eds, Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial eds, U63825 Human hepatitis delta antigen interacting protein A (dipA) mRNA, complete eds, S78825 Idl, M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete eds, X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homolog (MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, D 14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete eds, L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete eds, U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete eds, M13829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial eds, U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete eds, U66616 Human SWI/SNF complex 170 KD subunit (BAF170) mRNA, complete eds, U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete eds, D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete eds, D 14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomeduUin precursor, complete eds, D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete eds, M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial eds, U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete eds, X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete eds, X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete eds, D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial eds, D86965 Human mRNA for KTAA0210 gene, complete eds, Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete eds, L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete eds, D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial eds, M31627 Human X box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete eds, X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete eds, M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete eds, J05211 Desmoplakin I, D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete eds, X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete eds, U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' eds, U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete eds, D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial eds, X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial eds, L40391 H. sapiens (clone si 53) mRNA fragment, D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial eds, S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete eds, X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete eds, L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete eds, M13929 Human c- myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial eds, L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto-oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete eds, L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete eds, U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete eds, U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete eds, U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystallin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial eds, M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete eds, D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete eds, U42031 Human 54 kD progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete eds, D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete eds, J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete eds, M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete eds, M95787 Human 22kD smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete eds, U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete eds, K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete eds, X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete eds, X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete eds, S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete eds, L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACLl) mRNA, complete eds, X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete eds, M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete eds, U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, X69111 H. sapiens ΗLΗ 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase. This group of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides is hereinafter referred to as the "complete response group" of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition of matter comprising: (1) a plurality of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides regulated by a cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (2) a substrate suitable for binding the nucleic acid molecules of (1). The group of polynucleotides regulated by the cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises the following: M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, X53065, M13903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, M21302 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, L05188 H. sapiens small proline-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, X70326 Macmarcks, X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, M80254 H. sapiens cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds, U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, LI 9779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, Z14244 H. sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for Drosophila female sterile homeotic (FSH) homolog, X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. Spli, V00594 Human mRNA for metallothionein from cadmium-treated cells, V00599 Tubulin, Beta, X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium-binding protein A13, M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds, M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon-inducible gene family, X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, t X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete cds, X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kD/15-kD protein mRNA, complete cds, M21186 Human neutrophil cytochrome b light chain p22 phagocyte b- cytochrome mRNA, compl, 8235_s_at D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, K02574, X15729 Human mRNA for nuclear ρ68 protein, D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), 37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBlO) mRNA, complete cds, X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, J04456 Human 14 kD lectin mRNA, complete cds, Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, U70660 Human copper transport protein HAH1 (HAH1) mRNA, complete cds, D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19, M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, U40369 Human spermidine/spermine Nl-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, M12125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kD nuclear protein pl20, partial cds(carbox, L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, XI 5822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for liver-specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone-binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, M22960 Human protective protein mRNA, complete cds, D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, M19309 Human slow skeletal muscle troponin T mRNA, clone H22h, D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proliferation-associated gene (pag), L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, M12529 Human apolipoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, U13991 Human TATA-binding protein associated factor 30 kD subunit (taflBO) mRNA, comp, J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, U51586 Human siah binding protein 1 (SiahBPl) mRNA, partial cds, M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, X56681 Human junD mRNA, V01512 Human cellular oncogene c-fos (complete sequence), U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, L13391 Human helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, M16364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-116, M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase- ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kD subunit, M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, U68142 Human RalGDS-like 2 (RGL2) mRNA, partial cds, U63825 Human hepatitis delta antigen interacting protein A (dipA) mRNA, complete cds, X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha-subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated. This group of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides is hereinafter referred to as the "induced response group" of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition of matter comprising: (1) a plurality of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides regulated by a cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (2) a substrate suitable for binding the nucleic acid molecules of (1). The group of polynucleotides regulated by the cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises the following: D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds, X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton-ATPase-like protein, complete cds, L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 KD (Gb:Y00371), M30703 Human amphireguhn (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), L16862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, M84332 Human ADP- ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, D15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor ARΕB6, complete cds, U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPlalpha mRNA, complete cds, U41766 Human metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, c, AF006041 H. sapiens Fas-binding protein (DAXX) mRNA, partial cds, U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, X94563 H. sapiens dbi/acbp gene exon 1 & 2, LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cds, D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) mRNA, complete cds, U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, X89267 H. sapiens DNA for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene, X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, X12794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A- RAF-1) gene, complete cds, M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma- subunit mRNA, complete cds, L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1A1) mRNA, complete cds, D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-ind, L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF- betallR alpha, complete cds, X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, t D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, M12886 Human T-cell receptor active beta- chain mRNA, complete cds, M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751), U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, compl, M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, U88898 Human endogenous retroviral H protease/integrase-derived ORF1 mRNA, complete cds, M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, S78825 Idl, M54915 Human h- pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homolog (MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, U66616 Human SWI/SNF complex 170 KD subunit (BAF170) mRNA, complete cds, U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, D 14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, t M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, t D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, t M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, M31627 Human X box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, M83667 Human NF- IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, J05211 Desmoplakin I, D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, L40391 H. sapiens (clone sl53) mRNA fragment, D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, LI 9267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto-oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STTM1) mRNA, complete cds, U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystallin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds, M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, U42031 Human 54 kD progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, 134. D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, M95787 Human 22kD smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, X80695 H. sapiens OXAlΗs mRNA, J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACLl) mRNA, complete cds, X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, X69111 H. sapiens ΗLΗ 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase. This group of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides is hereinafter referred to as the "repressed response group" of ultraviolet radiation-regulated polynucleotides. In one embodiment thereof, the composition of matter is a gene array suitable for monitoring gene expression. In one embodiment, the gene array is a low density gene array. In another embodiment, the gene array is a high density gene array. Polynucleotides utilized in the construction of the low or high density gene array include genomic clones, cDNAs, oligonucleotides, and the like. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there are provided pharmaceutical compositions for modulating the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation comprises a pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: a first response group, a second response group, and a third response group. In one embodiment, the first response group comprises altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein. The second response group comprises altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine. The third response group comprises altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein. These groups are hereinafter referred to as the "primary first response group," the "primary second response group," and the "primary third response group," respectively. In other embodiments thereof, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response comprising a pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: (1) the primary first response group; or (2) the primary second response group; or (3) the primary third response group. In other embodiments, the pattern comprises the primary first response group and the primary second response group. In another embodiment, the pattern comprises the primary first response group and the primary third response group. In yet another embodiment, the response comprises the primary second response group and the primary third response group. In still another embodiment, the response comprises the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. Additional embodiments of the invention provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm, or ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength from about 290 nm to about 320 nm, or ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength from about 320 to about 440 nm, or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range from about 0.2 mJ/cm to about 40 mJ/cm . Other embodiments thereof provide a pharmaceutical formulation to modulate the response of a cell that is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. In yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the response comprises a pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: a first response group, a second response group, and a third response group. The first response group comprises at least one polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of: M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, X56681 Human junD mRNA, U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, S81914 IEX- l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones Η2B.1 and H2A, D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, L16862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, D13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete ed, U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete cds, D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, D 13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, U28480 Uncoupling Protein Uc, D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, U42031 Human 54 kD progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, J05211 Desmoplakin. The second response group of this embodiment comprises at least one polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of: M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, S81914 IEX- l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), L19779 H. sapiens histone Η2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, X56681 Human junD mRNA, S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, M21302 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, V00599 Tubulin, Bet, X70326 Macmarck, D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, L13391 Human helix-loop- helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, M31627 Human X box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, U40369 Human spermidine/spermine Nl-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, S68616 Na+ H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor-1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, S78825 Idl, D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, U41766 Human metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, D15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPlalpha mRNA, complete cds, L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPT1- related and member of ras family, M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds, D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, U42031 Human 54 kD progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto-oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 KD (Gb:Y00371, L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic, leukemia cells, J05211 Desmoplakin, L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114. The third response group of this embodiment comprises at least one polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of: M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, X53065, M13903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, L05188 H. sapiens small proline-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, X70326 Macmarcks, X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, L19779 H. sapiens histone Η2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, M80254 H. sapiens cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, U04636 Human cyclooxygenase- 2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, Z14244 H. sapiens coxVHb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VHb, X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium-binding protein A13, U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds, L20688 Human GDP- dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, Ml 3755 Human interferon-induced 17-kD/15-kD protein mRNA, complete cds, M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), M21186 Human neutrophil cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, V00599 Tubulin, Beta, U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBlO) mRNA, complete cds, M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smootheUn, L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, D49824 Human HLA-B nuU allele mRNA, M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, U70660 Human copper transport protein HAH1 (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for Drosophila female sterile homeotic (FSH) homolog, D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon-inducible gene family, X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', U41515 Human deleted in split hand/spUt foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. D13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kD nuclear protein pi 20, partial cds(carbox, L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, J04456 Human 14 kD lectin mRNA, complete cds, S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone-binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon- associated protein delta subunit precursor, L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, M12125 Human fibroblast muscle- type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, XI 5822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver-specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), M34516 Human omega Ught chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, M12529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase-like protein, complete cds, M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, K02574, U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proliferation-associated gene (pag), J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MTP2 eta), V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kD subunit, X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete cds, X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha-subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, L40391 H. sapiens (clone sl53) mRNA fragment, D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, L11066 Human mRNA sequence, J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, M95787 Human 22kD smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF-1) gene, complete cds, U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, X12794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta- chain mRNA, complete cds, Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751), X76717 H. sapiens MT- 11 mRNA, M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homolog (MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystallin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds, U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, S78825 Idl, U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, D 14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, U14603 Human protein-tyro sine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, J05211 Desmoplakin I, M31627 Human X box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, X80695 K sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SIT) mRNA, complete cds, X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, L09229 Human long- chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACLl) mRNA, complete cds, S73591 brain- expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, U42031 Human 54 kD progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein. These groups are hereinafter referred to as the "secondary first response group," the "secondary second response group," and the "secondary third response group," respectively. In another aspect of the invention, pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the response comprises the altered regulation of a protein encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the first response group, second response group, and the third response group. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first response group comprises altered expression of at least one transcription factor protein, at least one signal transducing protein, and at least one mitochondrial protein. The second response group comprises altered expression of at least one secreted growth factor, at least one cytokine, and at least one chemokine. The third response group comprises altered expression of at least one actin-binding protein, at least one desmosomal protein, and at least one tubuUn protein. These groups are hereinafter referred to as the "tertiary first response group," the "tertiary second response group," and the "tertiary third response group," respectively. Thus, where the primary first, second, and third response groups relate to nucleic acid molecules, the tertiary first, second, and third response groups relate to the proteins encoded by nucleic acid molecules of the primary groups. In other embodiments thereof, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response comprising a pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: (1) the tertiary first response group; or (2) the tertiary second response group; or (3) the tertiary third response group; or (4) the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group; or (5) the tertiary first response group and the tertiary third response group; or (6) the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; or (7) the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm, or ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm, or ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm, or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments of the invention provide a pharmaceutical formulation for modulating the expression of a response of a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a ceU selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell, in response to ultraviolet radiation. In yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response comprising at least one of the foUowing: a first response group; a second response group, and a third response group. In this embodiment, the first response group comprises the altered expression of a plurality of protein molecules, each encoded by a polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group. The second response group comprises the altered expression of a pluraUty of protein molecules, each encoded by a polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group. The third response group comprises the altered expression of a plurality of protein molecules, each encoded by a polynucleotide that is at least 90% identical to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. These first, second and third response groups are hereinafter referred to as the "quaternary first response group," the "quaternary second response group," and the "quaternary third response group." These groups are, in effect, the protein molecules encoded by the nucleic acid molecules of the secondary first, second and third response groups. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response comprising: (1) the quaternary first response group; or (2) the quaternary second response group; or (3) the quaternary third response group; or (4) the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group; or (5) the quaternary first response group and the quaternary third response group; or (6) the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; or (7) the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide a therapeutic composition to modulate the response of a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a ceU selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU, to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: the primary first response group, the primary second response group and the primary third response group; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced RNA expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed RNA expression. In yet another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the cellular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. Another aspect of the invention provides methods for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. The method comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments thereof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response group, a second response, and/or a third response. In one embodiment thereof, the first response group is the primary first response group previously described above; the second response is the primary second response previously described above; and the third response is the primary third response previously described above. Other embodiments of this aspect of the invention include the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the primary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group and the primary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. In another embodiment, the method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In this embodiment, the pattern of expression comprises a first response group which is the secondary first response group previously described above; a second response which is the secondary second response previously described above; and a third response which is the primary third response previously described above. In various embodiments thereof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response group, and/or a second response, and/or a third response. In this embodiment, the first response group is the secondary first response group previously described above; the second response is the secondary second response previously described above; and the third response is the secondary third response previously described above. Embodiments thereof include the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the secondary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group and the secondary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and the secondary third response group. Additional embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide detection methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed cell is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. The invention also provides methods for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation in which the measurement of the level of the pluraUty of RNA molecules is done by expression array analysis. In this method, RNA is isolated from the ceU at a time post-ultraviolet radiation exposure. A test expression array is created through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate. The test expression array is analyzed to create a test expression array data set, which is then compared to the control expression array data. The levels of the plurality of RNA molecules in the cell is then analyzed to estabUsh a response pattern of the ceU, the response pattern of a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation comprising: (i) a first response group comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (ii) a second response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, at least one nucleic acid encoding a cytokine, and at least one nucleic acid encoding a chemokine; and/or (ui) a third response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein. If the test expression array data set is substantially similar to the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation, then the cell was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides other methods for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation. These methods comprise measuring a pluraUty of protein molecules in the cell, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments the'reof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response group, a second response, and/or a third response. In one embodiment thereof, the first response group is the tertiary first response group previously described above; the second response is the tertiary second response previously described above; and the third response is the tertiary third response previously described above. Embodiments of this method include the following: (1) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the tertiary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, and the tertiary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide methods in which the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In another embodiment, the method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of protein molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In this embodiment, the pattern of expression comprises a first response group which is the quaternary first response group previously described above; a second response which is the quaternary second response previously described above; and a third response which is the tertiary third response previously described above. In other embodiments, the first response group is the quaternary first response group previously described above; the second response is the quaternary second response previously described above; and the third response is the quaternary third response previously described above. In yet another embodiment, the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group; the pattern of expression is quaternary third response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary third response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; or the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, and the quaternary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In one embodiment, the measurement of the level of the pluraUty of protein molecules is done by ELISA. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The screening method comprises contacting a cell with a compound, exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce a response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell after ultraviolet radiation exposure, wherein any change in the first, second, and/or third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In one embodiment thereof, the response comprises at least one of the foUowing: a first response group that is the primary first response group, a second response that is the primary second response, and a third response that is the primary third response. In other embodiments thereof, the response, or pattern of expression, comprises the following: (1) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the primary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group and the primary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 mn to about 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed cell is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans ceU, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In another embodiment, the screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation comprises contacting a ceU with a compound, exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce a response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell after ultraviolet radiation exposure, wherein any change in the first, second, and/or third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In this embodiment, the pattern of expression comprises a first response group that is the secondary first response group; a second response that is the secondary second response; and/or a third response that is the secondary third response. In various embodiments thereof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response group, and/or a second response, and/or a third response. In this embodiment, the first response group is the secondary first response group previously described above; the second response is the secondary second response previously described above; and the third response is the secondary third response previously described above. Embodiments thereof include the following: (1) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is secondary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group and the secondary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and the secondary third response group. Additional embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide detection methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. The invention also provides methods for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation in which the measurement of the level of the plurality of RNA molecules is done by expression array analysis. In this method, RNA is isolated from the cell at a time post-ultraviolet radiation exposure. A test expression array is created through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate. The test expression array is analyzed to create a test expression array data set, which is then compared to the control expression array data set to identify a modulation response of the exposed cell. Modulation indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation. The levels of the pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU are then analyzed to estabUsh a response pattern of the ceU, the response pattern comprising at least one of the following: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group. Another aspect of the invention provides other methods for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. These methods comprise measuring a plurality of protein molecules in the cell, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments thereof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response group, a second response, and/or a third response. In one embodiment thereof, the first response group is the tertiary first response group previously described above; the second response is the tertiary second response previously described above; and the third response is the tertiary third response previously described above. Embodiments of this method include the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the tertiary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, and the tertiary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide methods in which the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. In another embodiment, the method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of protein molecules in the ceU for at least one time point, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In this embodiment, the pattern of expression comprises a first response group which is the quaternary first response group previously described above; a second response which is the quaternary second response previously described above; and a third response which is the quaternary third response previously described above. In other embodiments, the first response group is the quaternary first response group previously described above; the second response is the quaternary second response previously described above; and the third response is the quaternary third response previously described above. In yet another embodiment, the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group; the pattern of expression is quaternary third response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary third response group; the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; or the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, and the quaternary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans ceU, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In one embodiment, the measurement of the level of the pluraUty of protein molecules is done by ELISA. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the cell with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted ceU, and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule is substantiaUy similar to that found in the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell characterized by at least one of the foUowing: a first response group that is the primary first response group, a second response that is the primary second response group, and a third response that is the primary third response group. A determination that the level of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found in the primary first response group, the primary second response group and/or the primary third response group indicates that the compound simulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In other embodiments of the screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure include the following: (1) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the primary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group and the primary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the primary second response group and the primary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. Additional embodiments thereof provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a cell selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans ceU, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In another embodiment, the screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the method comprises contacting the cell with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted ceU, and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to that found in the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the ceU characterized by at least one of the foUowing: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group. In other embodiments thereof, this response comprises the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is the secondary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group and the secondary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the secondary second response group and the secondary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and the secondary third response group. Additional embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one protein molecule in the contacted cell, and determining that the level of at least one protein molecule is substantially similar to that found in the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell characterized by at least one of the following: a first response group that is the tertiary first response group, a second response group that is the tertiary second response group, and a third response group that is the tertiary third response group. A determination that the level of at least one protein molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found in the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group and/or the tertiary third response group indicates that the compound simulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In another embodiment, the screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the method comprises contacting the cell with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one protein molecule in the contacted ceU, and determining that the level of at least one protein molecule is substantially similar to that found in the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the ceU characterized by at least one of the foUowing: a tertiary first response group, a tertiary second response group, and a tertiary third response group. In other embodiments thereof, this response comprises the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is tertiary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group and the tertiary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, and the tertiary third response group. Additional embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the cell comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed cell is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted ceU, and determining that the level of at least one protein molecule is substantially similar to that found in the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell characterized by at least one of the following: a first response group that is the quaternary first response group, a second response group that is the quaternary second response group, and a third response group that is the quaternary third response group. A determination that the level of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found in the primary first response group, the primary second response group and/or the primary third response group indicates that the compound simulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In another embodiment, the screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the method comprises contacting the cell with the compound, and measuring a level of at least one protein molecule in the contacted cell, and determining that the level of at least one protein molecule is substantially similar to that found in the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell characterized by at least one of the following: a quaternary first response group, a quaternary second response group, and a quaternary third response group. In other embodiments thereof, this response comprises the foUowing: (1) the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group; or (2) the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group; or (3) the pattern of expression is quaternary third response group; or (4) the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group; or (5) the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group and the quaternary third response group; or (6) the pattern of expression is the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; or (7) the pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, and the quaternary third response group. Additional embodiments of this aspect of the invention provide methods in which the ultraviolet radiation exposure of the ceU comprises: (1) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm; or (2) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to 320 nm; or (3) ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to 440 nm; or (4) a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . Other embodiments thereof provide that the exposed ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. In an alternative aspect, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also provides an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. The invention also provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell by expression array analysis. This method comprises isolating RNA from the cell post ultraviolet radiation exposure, creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate. An analysis of the levels of the pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU estabUshes an expression response pattern of the cell. Exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation is indicated by an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (2) a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and (3) a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In another embodiment, the method thereof comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In an alternative aspect, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of proteins in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a transcription factor protein, a signal transducing protein, and a mitochondrial protein; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a secreted growth factor, a cytokine, and a chemokine; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of an actin-binding protein, a desmosomal protein, a tubulin protein, and a cornified envelope protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the cell is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in protein level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In another embodiment, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of protein molecules in the ceU for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein that is at least 90% identical to a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In various embodiments related to a protein expression profile of a ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the plurality of proteins in a cell presumptively exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the following: (1) a first response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (2) a second response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (3) a third response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubuhn protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein. Next, the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell are measured for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the first response, the second response, and/or the third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In one embodiment of the method thereof, the cell is contacted with the compound in vitro. In another embodiment of the method thereof, the ceU is contacted with the compound in vivo. In other embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. The levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU are measured for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure, and a change in the altered pattern of expression of the first response group, the second response group, and/or the third response group indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the ceU is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In yet another aspect of the invention, a screening method is provided for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound and exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression. This method comprises isolating RNA from the cell post ultraviolet radiation exposure, creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate, analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set; and comparing the test expression array data set to the response of the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the absence of the drug, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the primary first response, the primary second response, and/or the primary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other embodiments of the method thereof are included in the invention. For example, in one embodiment, cell contact with the compound is topical contact. In another embodiment, the compound modulates the cellular response by inhibiting ultraviolet radiation-induced RNA expression. In another embodiment, the compound inhibits the ultraviolet radiation-repressed expression. In these latter two embodiments, ultraviolet radiation-induced expression is the "induced response group" and ultraviolet radiation-repressed expression is the "repressed response group." Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a tertiary first response group, (2) a tertiary second response group, and (3) a tertiary third response group; and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the tertiary first response, the tertiary second response, and/or the tertiary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments of the screening method thereof, the ceU is contacted with the compound in vitro or in vivo. In other embodiments of the screening method thereof, the ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal), or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the screening method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodmient, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post- expo sure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In various embodiments related to screening method thereof, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the plurality of proteins in a ceU in determining the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation in the presence and absence of the compound. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a quaternary first response group, (2) a quaternary second response group, and (3) a quaternary third response group; and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the quaternary first response, the quaternary second response, and/or the quaternary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments of the screening method thereof, the cell is contacted with the compound in vitro or in vivo. In other embodiments of the screening method thereof, the cell is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the screening method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In various embodiments related to screening method thereof, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the plurality of proteins in a ceU in determining the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation in the presence and absence of the compound. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound; measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted cell; and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the RNA found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the foUowing: a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found for the RNA molecule in the primary first response, the primary second response or the primary third response indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound; measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted ceU; and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the RNA found in the cell in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the foUowing: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found for the RNA molecule in the secondary first response, the secondary second response or the secondary third response indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound; measuring a level of at least one Protein in the contacted ceU; and determining that the level of at least one protein in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the protein found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the foUowing: a tertiary first response group, a tertiary second response group, and a tertiary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one protein is substantiaUy similar to the altered expression found for the protein in the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group or the tertiary third response group indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound; measuring a level of at least one protein in the contacted ceU; and determining that the level of at least one protein in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the protein found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the following: a quaternary first response group, a quaternary second response group, and a quaternary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one protein is substantially similar to the altered expression found for the protein in the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group or the quaternary third response group indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation. Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1A is a representation of a Northern blot in which RNA isolated from exposed to ultraviolet radiation is screened to monitor the quaUty of the RNA's prior to use in experiments utilizing expression array hybridization. RNA samples were isolated from keratinocytes at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) probe was used as a control, and the one hour untreated sample was used as a control for the 0.5, 1 and 2 hour 'treated samples. Figure IB is a representation of a Northern blot. The RNA samples were isolated from irradiated keratinocytes and harvested at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. These RNA samples were hybridized to probes specific for c-Myc, jun-B, SPRRII, and gro-β RNAs, four RNA molecules that are ultraviolet radiation-regulated. Data obtained by Northern blot analysis closely correlate with the results obtained using expression array analysis. The GAPDH probe was used as a control to monitor the amount of RNA loaded in each lane. Figure 2 is a graphic representation of a representative data set analysis showing three waves of regulated expression events post-ultraviolet radiation exposure. The clustering algorithm was used to group the time points. Those time points closest to one another with respect to the height of the terminal branches are most closely related to each other. For example, the terminal brances for the one and two hour time points are the shortest and most similar to each other than all other branches in the graph, therefore, these two time points are clustered together. Figure 3A is a representation of a Western blot demonstrating that the ultraviolet radiation-induced changes in protein levels parallel the changes in mRNA levels. Protein extracts were prepared from irradiated keratinocytes and harvested at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. These samples were screened with antibodies specific for c-Myc, c-jun, COX-2, involucrin, gro-β, and LDL receptor proteins. Antibody specific for JNK1 protein was used as a control for gel loading. Figure 3B is a representation of a Western blot demonstrating that the ultraviolet radiation-induced changes in protein levels paraUel the changes in mRNA levels. Protein extracts were prepared from irradiated keratinocytes and harvested atθ.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. These samples were screened with antibodies specific for γ-Gly-Cys synthetase and squalene oxidase. Figure 4 is a representation of immunohisto logical staining demonstrating that ultraviolet radiation exposure enhances the expression of involucrin in human skin organ culture and at 2, 8 and 16 hours after ultraviolet radiation. Suprabasal staining of the epidermis with the involucrin antibody is greatly augmented 16 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The patent and scientific literature cited herein establishes the knowledge that is available to those with skill in the art. The issued U.S. patents, aUowed applications, pubUshed foreign applications, and references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference. Aspects of the invention utilize techniques and methods common to the fields of molecular biology, ceU biology and immunology. Useful laboratory references for these types of methodologies are readily available to those skUled in the art. See, for example, Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. 2nd. edition, edited by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, B. F. and Maniatis, T, (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Current Protocols In Molecular Biology and Current Protocols in Immunology. Wiley Interscience, New York (19 ); Harlow & Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1988). AU nucleic acid sequences and the respective amino acid sequences encoded thereby identified above by the appropriate GenBank accession number are herein incorporated by reference. This information is also disclosed in the appropriate tables provided herein. The invention provides a detaUed analysis of the molecular events underlying the response of a cell to exposure to ultraviolet radiation by identifying a plurality of nucleic acid molecules and protein molecules, the expression of which is regulated in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. These ultraviolet radiation-regulated nucleic acid and protein molecules are further characterized temporaUy in relation to the ceUular response (a first response, a second response, and a third response) and in a quantitative fashion (induced or repressed) in relation to expression levels. These data are also presented in the following table format. Table 1 presents a list of gene sequences that occur more than once on the gene array, which were used as a monitor of the fidelity of gene array hybridization. Table 1: Genes Multiply Present on the Gene Array and Table 2 presents a list of DNA metabolism and DNA repair genes that are ultraviolet radiation-regulated. Table 2: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated DNA Metabolism And Repair Genes and Table 3 presents a list of signal transducer and transcription factor proteins that are ultraviolet radiation regulated. Table 3: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Signal Transducers And Transcription Factors Table 3: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Signal Transducers And Transcription Factors Table 3: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Signal Transducers And Transcription Factors Table 3: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Signal Transducers And Transcription Factors and Table 4 presents a list of cytoskeletal and structural proteins that are ultraviolet radiation-regulated. Table 4: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Cytoskeletal and Structural Proteins and Table 5 presents a list of secreted peptides that are ultraviolet radiation regulated. Table 5: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Secreted Peptides and Table 6 presents a list of mitochondrial proteins that are ultraviolet radiation- regulated. Table 6: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Mitochondrial Proteins Table 7 presents a list of first, second and third response group gene sets that are ultraviolet radiation regulated. Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets First Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1 r 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 4.6 5.7 5.8 16.1 9.4 8.1 3 M62831_at M62831 Human TF 27.2 Immediate early transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds. 2.3 4.9 6.6 13.8 6.2 4.6 0 X68277_at X68277 H. sapiens CL signaling 18.4 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase. 3.2 3.1 3.! 10.1 -1.2 1.1 -0.1 1.5 0.3 L04731_at L04731 H. sapiens signaling 10.3 Tritorax-like translocation T(4:11) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4. 2 3 4.6 9.6 3.2 2.9 6.1 1.2 1 2.2 X56681_s_at X56681 Human JunD TF 17.9 Immediate early mRNA. 1.9 3.2 3.9 9 3 -2 1.2 -2 1.9 0 U20734_s_at U20734 Human TF 10.2 Immediate early transcription factor junB QunB) gene, 5' region and complete cds. 3.5 3.1 1.8 8.4 1.3 0.2 -1 -2 -3 L38951_at L38951 H. sapiens RNA processing 5.6 importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds. 4.5 2.8 1 8.3 -2.6 -1 -3.9 2.5 -1 1.3 D87071_at D87071 Human mRNA for ??? 5.7 No homology with KIAA0233 gene, complete cds. anything, large prot. 1.6 2.8 3.5 7.9 4.7 3.9 8.6 1.7 4 5.7 M72885_rna1_s_at M72885 Human Cell cycle 22.2 GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds. 1.4 2.8 3.6 7.8 1.2 -3 -1.7 -3 1.4 -1.4 M92843_s_at 92843 H. sapiens zinc TF 4.7 finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds. 2.2 2.6 2.5 7.3 15 1.6 16.9 3.6 5.9 9.5 S81914_at S81914 IEX-1=radiation- Apoptosis 33.7 Apoptosis inhibitor, inducible immediate-early gene NFkB-reguIated [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1 1.7 2.8 2.7 7.2 -1.3 -3 -4.1 -2 1.4 -0.4 U72649_at U72649 Human BTG2 Cell cycle 2.7 antiproliferative p53- (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds. dependent 2 2.8 2.2 7 1.1 -1 0.1 1.5 1.8 3.3 D86988_at D86988 Human mRNA for RNA processing 10.4 mRNA decay trans-acting KIAA0221 gene, complete cds. factor!! 1.6 2.3 3.1 7 3.3 3.4 6.7 5.1 4.6 9.7 L19779_at L19779 H. sapiens histone Cell cycle 23.4 Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets First Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds. 3.1 2.1 1.7 6.9 -0.2 1.4 2.4 U62317_ma3_at U62317 9.1 Choline phosphorylase-Iike Chromosome 22q13 BAC Clone C1T987SK-384D8 complete sequence. 3 1.9 1.2 6.1 1 -2 -0.5 2 -1 0.7 X04412_at X04412 Human mRNA for cytoskel. 6.3 plasma gelsolin. 2.5 1.7 1.7 5.9 1.5 -1 0.3 2.2 1.2 3.4 L27706_at L27706 Human Chaperone 9.6 chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds. -4 Ul 1.2 1.8 2.7 5.7 2.8 -1 1.4 1 2.3 3.3 X61123_at X61123 Human BTG1 GF/cyt 10.4 mRNA. 1.6 1.5 2.6 5.7 3.1 1.6 4.7 1.5 2.5 4 60974_s_at M60974 Human growth DNA rep. 14.4 arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds 2.5 1.6 1.5 5.6 1.1 0.1 1.9 2.9 L19437_at L19437 Human DNA rep. 8.6 glucolysis, pentose transaldolase mRNA containing phosphate transposable element, complete cds. 1 1 3.1 5.1 3.1 4.4 7.5 5.9 4.8 10.7 X57985_rna2_at X57985 H. sapiens Cell cycle 23.3 genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A. 2.5 -1 -1 0.5 1.7 -1 0.3 -2 -1 -2.7 D90086_at D90086 Human pyruvate Energy -1.9 dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10. -1.2 -3 -1 -5 1.2 -1 0.2 -2 -1 -2.6 M34182_at M34182 Human testis- signaling -7.4 specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds. -1.4 -3 -1 -5.2 1.1 -1 -0.1 -1 1.5 0.5 L16862_at L16862 H. sapiens G signaling -4.8 protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds. -2.6 -2 -1 -5.3 -1.2 -1 -2.2 -1 1 -0.3 D13705_s_at D13705 Human mRNA detox -7.8 for fatty acids omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cds -1.3 -3 -2 -5.3 -1.1 -3 -3.8 -1 -2 -3.6 U37122_at U37122 Human adducin cytoskel. -12.7 gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds. -1.4 -1 -3 -5.4 -1.1 -1 -2.4 -2 -2 -3.9 D45906_at D45906 H. sapiens mRNA signaling -11.7 Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets First Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment for LIMK-2, complete cds. -1.8 -5.9 -0.2 -3 1.2 -1.6 U07664_at U07664 Human HB9 TF -7.7 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds. -1.4 -2 -3 -6 -1 -2 -2.6 -2 -2 -4 D87438_at D87438 Human mRNA for -12.6 KIAA0251 gene, partial cds. -1.3 -2 -3 -6 -1 -2 -3.3 -2 -1 -3.3 L37042_at L37042 H. sapiens casein signaling -12.6 kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1A1) mRNA, complete cds. -1.1 -3 -2 -6 1.3 -2 -0.2 -2 -2 -3.4 D14043_at D14043 Human mRNA for -9.6 agglutinin binding MGC-24, complete cds. -4 -1.6 -3 -2 -6.2 -1.2 -1 -2.2 -2 -1 -2.9 D13988_at D13988 Human rab GDI signaling -11.3 mRNA, complete cds. -1.8 -3 -2 -6.3 -1.5 -1 -2.8 -1 -3 -3.7 HG3492-HT3686_at U28480 Mit. -12.8 thermogenic Uncoupling Protein Ucp -1.5 -2 -3 -6.4 -1.6 -3 -4.4 -2 6.8 4.8 D50840_at D50840 H. sapiens mRNA signaling -6 for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds. -1.5 -2 -3 -6.4 -1.4 -2 -3 -2 -1 -3.6 M55265_at 55265 Human casein signaling -13 kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds. -1.7 -3 -2 -6.5 -1.5 -2 -3 -2 -2 -4.2 M96803_at 96803 Human general cytoskel. -13.7 beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds. -2.2 -2 -2 -6.6 -2.6 -1 -3.7 -2 1 -1.3 U89336_cds4_at U89336 Human integral membrane -11.6 HLA class III region containing protein NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB -1.8 -3 -3 -6.9 -1.1 -1 -2.2 -1 -1 -2.5 D87442_at D87442 Human mRNA for ??? -11.6 No homology with anything, KIAA0253 gene, partial cds. large prot. -1.6 -3 -3 -6.9 -1.3 -2 -3.6 -1 -1 -2.5 J03161_atJ03161 Human serum signaling -13 response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds. -2.6 -3 -2 -7 -1.2 -1 -2.3 -3 -2 -5.3 D86965_at D86965 H uman mRNA for signaling -14.6 K1AA0210 gene, complete cds. -2.8 -3 -2 -7.2 -1 -1 -2.4 -2 1 -0.5 U17327_at U17327 Human neuronal NO -10.1 Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets First Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) mRNA, complete cds. -2.5 -3 -3 -7.5 -1 1.3 0.3 -2 1 -0.7 D86966_at D86966 Human mRNA for TF -7.9 ZFY KIAA0211 gene, complete cds. -2.8 -2 -3 -7.6 -1.9 -2 -4 -2 1 -0.8 D85527_at D85527 H. sapiens mRNA signaling -12.4 for LIM domain, partial cds. -2.2 -3 -3 -8 -2.6 -3 -5.5 -5 -3 -8 U42031_at U42031 Human 54 kD signaling -21.5 progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial -3 -3 -3 -8.3 -1.1 -1 -2.3 -1 -2 -2.9 X59434_at X59434 Human rohu Mit. -13.5 mRNA for rhodanese. -4 -4 - -33..11 -3 -2 - -88..44 --22..33 -5 - -77..33 -4 - -33 -7.2 M 13929_s_at 13929 Human c-myc- TF -22.9 P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds. -1.8 -4 -8.5 -2.6 -6.7 -3 -5 HG174-HT174_at J 05211 cytoskel. -20.2 Desmoplakin I Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1 1.2 2.1 4.3 20 8.7 28.3 1.9 3 4.9 57731_s_at M57731 Human gro- GF/cyt 37.5 beta mRNA, complete cds. 2.2 2.6 2.5 7.3 15 1.6 16.9 3.6 5.9 9.5 S81914_at S81914 IEX-1=radiation- Apoptosis 33.7 Apoptosis inhibitor, inducible immediate-early gene NFkB-regulated [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1 1 1 1 3 6.7 5.9 12.6 4 6.8 10.8 Y00787_s_at Y00787 Human mRNA GF/cyt 26.4 for MDNCF (monocyte-derived -4 oe neutrophil chemotactic factor). 1 1 1 3 3.9 5.7 9.6 2.7 4.4 7.1 X54489_ma1_at X54489 Human GF/cyt 19.7 gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA). 1.6 2.8 3.5 7.9 4.7 3.9 8.6 1.7 4 5.7 M72885_rna1_s_at M72885 Human Cell cycle 22.2 GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds. 4.6 5.7 5.8 16.1 9.4 -1 8.1 1 2 3 M62831_at M62831 Human TF 27.2 Immediate early transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds. 1 1 1 3 4 3.7 7.7 2.4 3.1 5.5 M28130_ma1_s_at M28130 Human GF/cyt 16.2 interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds. 1 1 3.1 5.1 3.1 4.4 7.5 5.9 4.8 10.7 X57985_rna2_at X57985 H. sapiens Cell cycle 23.3 genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A. 1 1 1 3 3.4 3.8 7.2 1 2.7 3.7 X53800_s_at X53800 Human mRNA GF/cyt 13.9 for macrophage inflammatory protein- 2beta (MIP2beta). 1.6 2.3 3.1 7 3.3 3.4 6.7 5.1 4.6 9.7 L19779_at L19779 H. sapiens histone Cell cycle 23.4 H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.5 1.5 4.3 3.9 2.7 6.6 3.5 3.7 7.2 AF001294_at AF001294 H. sapiens Apoptosis 18.1 imprinted, possibly in IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds. apoptosis, PH dom. 2 3 4.6 9.6 3.2 2.9 6.1 1.2 1 2.2 X56681_s_at X56681 Human junD TF 17.9 Immediate early mRNA. 1 1 1 3 5.1 1 6.1 -3 -4 -7.6 HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 signaling 1.5 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated 1 1.3 -1 1.3 1.2 4.8 6 1 1.3 2.3 M84739_at M84739 Human ER/vesicles/ 9.6 Ca binding protein, E autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, lysosome Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment complete cds. -1.1 -1.1 1 -1.2 2.4 3.5 5.9 3.3 7.6 10.9 M21302_at M21302 Human small differentiation 15.6 proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N. 2 1.9 1.7 5.6 2.7 3 5.7 3.4 3.6 7 HG4322-HT4592_at V00599 Tubulin, cytoskel. 18.3 Beta 1.4 1.3 1.7 4.4 2.6 2.7 5.3 3.5 6.5 10 HG1612-HT1612_at X70326 cytoskel. 19.7 Macmarcks 1 1 1 3 2.8 2.2 5 1.5 1.3 2.8 D10923_at D10923 Human mRNA for signaling 10.8 HM74. 1.5 1.4 1.3 4.2 2.6 2.3 4.9 1.6 1.4 3 D64142_at D64142 Human mRNA for Cell cycle 12.1 histone H1x, complete cds. -1.2 1 1.2 1 2 2.8 4.8 3.7 2.1 5.8 D86974_at D86974 Human mRNA for ??? 11.6 K1AA0220 gene, partial cds. 1.6 1.5 2.6 5.7 3.1 1.6 4.7 1.5 2.5 4 M60974_s_at M60974 Human growth DNA rep. 14.4 arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds 2.3 4.9 6.6 13.8 6.2 -2 4.6 -1 0 X68277_at X68277 H. sapiens CL Signaling 18.4 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase. 3 3.2 1 4.2 2 L13391_at L13391 Human helix-loop- TF 9.2 helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds. -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 2.6 1.5 4.1 -3 -2 -5.1 M31627_at M31627 Human X box TF -2.2 binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.9 1.7 1.8 5.4 2.5 1.3 3.8 2.3 4.3 U40369_rna1_at U40369 Human DNA rep. 13.5 spermidine/spermine N1- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds. 1.7 1.7 2 5.4 2.9 -1 1.8 -1 1 -0.1 HG3494-HT3688_at X52560 Nuclear TF /.1 Factor Nf-llβ 1.2 1.8 2.7 5.7 2.8 -1 1.4 1 2.3 3.3 X61123_at X61123 Human BTG1 GF/cyt 10.4 mRNA. 1.9 3.2 3.9 9 3 -2 1.2 -2 1.9 0 U20734_s_at U20734 Human TF 10.2 Immediate early Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr Ihr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds. 1.8 1.3 1.6 4.7 2.7 -2 0.9 -2 1.4 -0.5 U35048_at U35048 Human TSC-22 TF 5.1 protein mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 1.4 1.6 4.4 2.5 -2 0.8 1.4 1.7 3.1 M69043_at M69043 H. sapiens MAD- TF 8.3 3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds. 1.5 2.1 2 5.6 2.7 -2 0.3 -1 2 0.7 X51345_at X51345 Human jun-B TF 6.6 Immediate early oe mRNA for JUN-B protein. o -1.1 -1 -1 -3.5 1.6 -3 -0.9 1.8 1 2.8 S68616_at S68616 Na+/H+ Integral membrane -1.6 integral membrane exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, protein protein heart, mRNA, 4516 nt]. . -1 -1.3 -1 -3.7 1.5 -3 -1 -4 -1 X89750_at X89750 H. sapiens mRNA TF -9.7 homeobox for TGlF protein. 1.5 0.6 2 4.08 1.5 -3 -1.3 -6 -5 -11.3 X69111_at X69111 H. sapiens HLH TF -8.52 1 R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein. 1.1 -1.3 -1.7 1.1 -1.4 -3 -4.8 U14603_at U14603 Human protein- Signaling -7.9 tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence. 1.5 1.4 3.9 2.2 -4 -1.6 -2 -2 -4.2 X52541_at X52541 Human mRNA for Signaling -1.9 GAP early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl). 1.2 -1.4 -2 -2 1.1 -3 -1.6 -2 -1 -2.9 D50683_at D50683 H. sapiens mRNA Signaling -6.5 forTGF-betallR alpha, complete cds. 1.4 2.8 3.6 7.8 1.2 -3 -1.7 -3 1.4 -1.4 M92843_s_at M92843 H. sapiens zinc TF 4.7 finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds. -1 -1 -1 -3 1 -3 -1.9 -3 -1 -3.5 X91247_at X91247 H. sapiens mRNA Detox -8.4 for thioredoxin reductase. 1.3 -1.1 -1 -1.1 1.3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -3.3 U05875_at U05875 Human clone Signaling -6.4 IFN-inducibl pSK1 interferon gamma receptor accessory f actor- 1 (AF-l) mRNA, compl 1.5 1.8 2.4 5.68 1.1 -3 -2 L19314_at L19314 Human HRY TF 0.68 Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment gene, complete cds. 1.2 -1.3 -1.1 1.6 -2.2 1.7 -0.3 M30703_s_at M30703 Human GF/cyt -3.6 amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda-ARH(6,12). 1.6 1.5 1.5 4.6 1.5 -4 -2.3 -2 -0.7 U34252_at U34252 Human gamma- Energy 1.6 aldehyde aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase dehydrog.detox mRNA, complete cds. 2 2.2 1.5 5.7 1.1 -4 -2.5 -3 -2 -4.5 HG3342-HT3519_s_at S78825 Id1 TF -1.3 •1 -1 1 -1 1 -4 -3.2 -3 -2 -5 D85429_at D85429 H. sapiens gene Signaling -9.2 for heat shock protein 40, complete cds. 1.6 3.6 -3.6 -1 1.2 0.2 U41766_s_at U41766 Human Protease 0.2 metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine- rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, c -2.2 -2.2 -2 -6.6 -2.6 -1 -3.7 -1.3 U89336_cds4_at U89336 Human Integral membrane -11.6 HLA class III region containing protein NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB -1.1 -3.1 -2.6 -3.7 -3.1 M69181_at M69181 Human Cytoskel. nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds. -1.4 -2 -5.4 -1.2 -3.7 1.4 0.3 D15050_at D15050 Human mRNA for TF -8.8 transcription factor AREB6, complete cds. 1.7 1.1 3.8 -1.2 -3 -3.7 1.2 2.2 U28386_at U28386 Human nuclear Nucler transport 2.3 localization sequence receptor hSRP1 alpha mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 -1 1.3 -1.2 -3.8 -3 -4.9 L77886_at L77886 Human protein Signaling -7.4 tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 -1 • 0.9 -1.1 -3 -3.8 1.2 -1 0.2 X64330_at X64330 H. sapiens mRNA Lipid metabolism -4.5 lipid synthesis for ATP-citrate lyase. -1.3 -2.5 ■ 5.3 -1.1 -3 -3.8 -1 -2 -3.6 U37122_at U37122 Human adducin Cytoskel. -12.7 gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds. Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.3 1.2 1.1 3.6 -1.1 -3 -3.9 -2 1 -1.3 X74008_at X74008 H. sapiens mRNA Signaling -1.6 for protein phosphatase 1 gamma. 1.1 -1 1.1 -1.1 -3 -3.9 1.2 -2 -0.7 U60205_at U60205 Human methyl Lipid metabolism -3.5 lipid metabolism sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds. 1 1 3 -1 -3 -3.9 -2 -5 -6.4 X76534_at X76534 H. sapiens B Integral membrane -7.3 antimetastatic mRNA. protein transmembrane oe glycoprot. 4.5 2.8 8.3 -2.6 -1 -3.9 2.5 -1 1.3 D87071_at D87071 Human mRNA for ??? 5.7 No homology with KIAA0233 gene, complete cds. anything, large prot. 1.3 1 3.3 -1.3 -3 -3.9 -1 -1 -2.7 U90716_at U90716 Human cell Cell surface/ -3.3 virus receptors surface protein HCAR mRNA, Adhesion complete cds. -1.4 -1.3 -4.4 -1.3 -3.9 -2 -3.2 M91083_at M91083 Human DNA- TF -11.5 binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds. -1.6 -2 -5.7 -1.3 -3.9 -3.5 U29607_at U29607 Human Translation -13.1 Inhibitor methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds. -1.3 -3.7 -1.5 -4.2 M76482_at M76482 Human 130-kD Cytoskel. -11.9 pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds. -1.3 -3.9 -1.2 -3 -4 -7.7 U72066_at U72066 H. sapiens CtBP Signaling -15.6 Rb-binding interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.3 1.2 3.8 -1.2 -4 -5.2 K03195_at K03195 Human (HepG2) Energy -5.4 glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds. -1.4 -2.2 -2 -5.2 -1.6 -4.1 -3.7 X12953_at X12953 Human rab2 Signaling -13 mRNA, YPT1-related and member of ras family. 1.2 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -4.1 1.2 -0.7 M60483_ma1_s_at M60483 Human Signaling -6.3 protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds. 1.7 2.8 2.7 7.2 -1.3 -4.1 1.4 -0.4 U72649_at U72649 Human BTG2 Cell cycle 2.7 antiprolifeπ Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds. p53-dependent -1.2 -1.8 -2 -5.4 -1.4 -4.2 -4 -5.4 D14520_at D14520 Human mRNA for TF -15 GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds. 1.3 -1 -0.9 -1.7 -4.3 1.8 5.9 7.7 L08069_at L08069 Human heat shock DNA rep. 2.5 protein, E. coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds. -1.5 -3 -6.4 -1.6 -4.4 6.8 4.8 D50840_at D50840 H. sapiens mRNA Signaling oe for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds. -1.4 -1.9 -2 -5.5 -1.4 -3 -4.4 -4.7 L31801_at L31801 H. sapiens Transporter -14.6 Lactate and pyruvate monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.5 1.4 1.1 -1.6 -4.5 -3.1 S74017_at S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like TF -3.6 basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-ind 1.7 1 1 3.7 -1.3 -3 -4.5 -2 1 -0.8 X87241_at X87241 H. sapiens mRNA Cell surface -1.6 for hFat protein. 1.4 1.1 -1 1.5 -1.9 -3 -4.8 -1 1.1 0 X52425_at X52425 Human IL-4-R Signaling -3.3 mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor. ■ 1.1 -1.8 -2 -5 -1.6 -3 -4.8 -2 -2 -4 D79994_at D79994 Human mRNA for ??? -13.8 an yrin-related KIAA0172 gene, partial cds. ■ 1.2 -1.2 -1 -3.6 -1.6 -3 -4.9 -3 -1 -4.6 M58286_s_at M58286 H. sapiens Signaling -13.1 tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds. -2.8 -5 -0.7 M13829_s_at M13829 Human Signaling -2.7 putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds. -1.2 -1.2 -2 -4.1 -1.3 -4 -5.2 -3 -1 -4.3 X78992_at X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 TF -13.6 mRNA. ■ 2.2 -2.8 -3 -8 -2.6 -3 -5.5 -5 -3 -8 U42031_at U42031 Human 54 kD Signaling -21.5 progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial ■ 1.4 -1.8 -2 -4.9 -2.5 -3 -5.7 -3 -1 -4.5 U88629_at U88629 Human RNA TF -15.1 polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment complete cds. 1.3 -1.2 -2 -4.1 -2.4 -3 -5.8 -3 -3 -6.1 X52611_s_at X52611 Human mRNA TF -16 for transcription factor AP-2. 1.3 -1 -2 -1.7 -2.7 -3 -5.9 1 1.2 2.2 U28749_s_at U28749 Human high- DNA rep. -5.4 mobility group phosphoprotein isoform l-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds. 1.7 1.6 1.1 4.4 -1.7 -2 -3 -4.7 L00058_at L00058 Human (GH) TF -6.3 germline c-myc proto-oncogene, exon 3 and 3 1 flank. 1.9 1.7 1.3 4.9 -1.3 -5 -6.1 -1 2.1 0.8 HG2855-HT2995_at L26336 Heat signaling -0.4 Shock Protein, 70 KD (Gb:Y00371) 1.6 1.2 -1 1.5 -1.5 -5 -6.4 -2 -1 -3.5 L08246_at L08246 Human myeloid Apoptosis -8.4 Bcl2-like cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA. 1.2 1.2 1.4 3.8 -1.5 -5 -6.4 -4 -3 -6.9 S73591_at S73591 brain-expressed detox -9.5 Thioredoxin interacting HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells -1.8 -2.9 -4 -8.5 -2.6 -4 -6.7 -3 -2 -5 HG174-HT174_at J05211 cytoskel. -20.2 Desmoplakin I 1.6 1.3 1 3.9 -1.2 -6 -6.9 -1 -1 -2.5 L00352_at L00352 Human low signaling -5.5 density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18. -1.5 -1.6 -2 -4.6 -3.1 -4 -7.1 -2 -2 -3.9 HG3930-HT4200_at Y13647 Stearoyl- lipid metabolism -15.6 lipogenic Coenzymea Desaturase 2.2 1.4 1.5 5.1 -2.4 -5 -7.1 -1 3.2 1.9 X77794_at X77794 H. sapiens mRNA Cell cycle -0.1 for cyclin G1. -1.3 -1.8 -2 -5.5 -1.7 -5 -7.1 -6 -3 -9.4 M90656_at M90656 Human gamma- detox -22 glutathione biosynthesis glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds. -3.1 -3 -2 -8.4 -2.3 -5 -7.3 -4 -3 -7.2 M13929_s_at M13929 Human c-myc- TF -22.9 P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds. 1 -1.3 -1 -1.5 -2 -6 -8.3 -3 -1 -4.6 D78129_at D78129 H. sapiens mRNA lipid metabolism -14.4 lipogenic, for squalene epoxidase, partial cds. cholesterol synth. 1.7 1.4 1.1 4.2 -2.2 -7 -9.1 -3 -2 -5.5 X80692_at X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 signaling -10.4 Table 7: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated First, Second And Third Response Gene Sets Table 7. Second Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment mRNA. -1.2 -1.9 -1 -4.5 -3.9 -9.7 -4.7 HG3523-HT4899_s_at J00120 Proto- TF -18.9 Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.3 2.1 1.5 4.9 1.1 1.6 2.7 5.9 21 27 M20030J_at M20030 Human small differentiation 34.6 proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930. 1.1 1.3 1.3 3.7 1.5 1.7 3.2 2.9 21 23.9 X53065_f_at X53065 differentiation 30.8 1.2 -1.2 -2 -2.3 -1.1 -1 -2.2 5.8 14 19.3 M13903_at M13903 Human involucrin differentiation 14.8 gene, exon 2. 1.1 -1.1 1.1 1.1 -1.1 -1 -2.1 9.9 6.6 16.5 HG2815-HT2931_at M22918 Myosin, cytoskel. 15.5 Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice 1.2 -1.1 -1 -1 1.5 1.2 2.7 3.4 10 13.4 L10343_at L10343 Huma elafin gene, differentiation 15.1 complete cds. 2.7 2 1.8 6.5 1 1.3 2.3 7.1 4.5 11.6 M63573_at M63573 Human secreted GF/cyt 20.4 cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds. -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 2.4 3.5 5.9 3.3 7.6 10.9 M21302_at M21302 Human small differentiation 15.6 proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N. 1 3 6.7 5.9 12.6 4 6.8 10.8 Y00787_s_at Y00787 Human mRNA GF/cyt 26.4 for MDNCF (monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor). 3.1 5.1 3.1 4.4 7.5 5.9 4.8 10.7 X57985_rna2_at X57985 H. sapiens Cell cycle 23.3 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.1 3.1 7.1 10.2 L05188_f_at L05188 H. sapiens small differentiation 14.9 proline-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds. 1.4 1.3 1.7 4.4 2.6 2.7 5.3 3.5 6.5 10 HG1612-HT1612_at X70326 cytoskel. 19.7 Macmarcks 3.1 2 1.7 6.8 1.7 1.2 2.9 6.1 3.9 10 X67325_at X67325 H. sapiens p27 IFN-inducible 19.7 mRNA. 1.6 2.3 3.1 7 3.3 3.4 6.7 5.1 4.6 9.7 L19779_at L19779 H. sapiens histone Cell cycle 23.4 H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds. 2.2 2.6 2.5 7.3 15 1.6 16.9 3.6 5.9 9.5 S81914_at S81914 IEX-1=radiation- Apoptosis 33.7 Apoptosis inhibitor, inducible immediate-early gene NFkB-regulated [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1 2.1 1.3 1.2 4.6 1.5 1.5 3 6.5 3 9.5 D45248_at D45248 Human mRNA for IFN-inducible 17.1 proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds. 2.6 2.4 2.4 7.4 1.1 1.1 2.2 7.5 2 9.5 222548_at Z22548 H. sapiens thiol- detox 19.1 specific antioxidant protein mRNA. 1.5 1 1.1 3.6 -1 -1 -2.3 5.2 3.7 8.9 HG2815-HT2931_s_at M22918 cytoskel. 10.2 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice 2.2 1.3 1.9 5.4 -1.2 -1 -2.2 6.4 2.5 8.9 HG2259-HT2348_s_at X06956 cytoskel. 12.1 Tubulin, Alpha 1 , Isoform 44 -2.1 -1.1 -1 -4.3 -1.2 1.5 0.3 4.9 3.7 8.6 V00594_at V00594 Human mRNA for detox 4.6 metallothionein from cadmium-treated cells. -1.2 -1.2 -3.6 2 1.7 3.7 2.5 5.9 8.4 M80254_at M80254 H. sapiens ??? 8.5 prolyl isomerase cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds. 3 1.5 2.4 3.9 4.5 3.9 8.4 U04636_rna1_at U04636 Human signaling 15.3 cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds. 1.9 1.2 1.7 4.8 1.5 -0.1 4.1 4.2 8.3 Z14244_at Z14244 H. sapiens Mit. 13 coxVllb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VI lb. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.9 1.7 1.6 5.2 1 1 2 4.3 3.6 7.9 X99920_at X99920 H. sapiens mRNA differentiation 15.1 for S100 calcium-binding protein A13. 1 1 1 3 1.3 1.4 2.7 2 5.8 7.8 U62800_at U62800 Human cystatin M protease inhibitor 13.5 protease inhibitor (CST6) mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 -1 -1 -0.9 -1.7 -3 -4.3 1.8 5.9 7.7 L08069_at L08069 Human heat shock DNA rep. 2.5 protein, E coli DnaJ homolog mRNA, complete cds. -1 -1 1 1.6 2.6 3.8 3.9 7.7 L20688_at L20688 Human GDP- signaling 9.3 dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds. ∞ 1.4 1.3 1.4 4.1 1.4 1.5 2.9 5.1 2.6 7.7 M13755_at M13755 Human IFN-inducible 14.7 interferon-induced 17-kD/15-kD protein mRNA, complete cds. -1.2 -1.2 -3.6 1 2.3 3.3 3.2 4.2 7.4 M60278_at M60278 Human heparin- GF/cyt 7.1 binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.5 1.5 4.3 3.9 2.7 6.6 3.5 3.7 7.2 AF001294_at AF001294 H. sapiens Apoptosis 18.1 imprinted, possibly IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds. appoptosis, PH dor 1 1 1 3 3.9 5.7 9.6 2.7 4.4 7.1 X54489_rna1_at X54489 Human GF/cyt 19.7 gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA). 2 1.6 1.2 4.8 1.3 1.3 2.6 4.5 2.6 7.1 M21186_at M21186 Human it. 14.5 neutrophil cytochrome b light chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl 1.3 1.6 1.3 4.2 -1 1.1 0.1 2.4 4.6 7 D42040_s_at D42040 Human mRNA signaling 11.3 Rlt \1G3 domain for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds. 2 1.9 1.7 5.6 2.7 3 5.7 3.4 3.6 7 HG4322-HT4592_at V00599 Tubulin, cytoskel. 18.3 Beta 1.6 1.3 1.3 4.2 1.2 1.1 2.3 4.7 2.3 7 U37690_at U37690 Human RNA TF 13.5 polymerase II subunit (hsRPBlO) mRNA, complete cds. 2.3 1.4 1.2 4.9 1.5 0.5 3.3 3.6 6.9 M21005_at M21005 Human migration GF/cyt 12.3 inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds. 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.6 3.4 3.4 6.8 M37583 at M37583 Human histone Cell cycle 10.7 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds. 1.5 1.2 1.1 3.8 1.2 1.9 3.1 1.8 4.9 6.7 Z49989_at Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA cytoskel. 13.6 actin binding for smoothelin. 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 5.5 6.5 L24564_at L24564 Human Rad signaling 11.5 mRNA, complete cds. 1.6 1.2 1.3 4.1 -1 1 0 3.2 3.3 6.5 D49824_s_at D49824 Human HLA-B integral membrane 10.6 null allele mRNA. protein 1.2 1 1 3.2 1.1 -1 0.1 1.4 5 6.4 M59465_at M59465 Human tumor signaling 9.7 necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds. oe oe 1.5 1 1.2 3.7 1.1 -1 0.1 3 3.4 6.4 S54005_s_at S54005 thymosin beta- cytoskel. 10.2 inhibition of actin 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell polym. line, mRNA, 453 nt]. 3.1 2.1 2.7 7.9 1.2 1.2 2.4 4.2 2.1 6.3 Z49254_at Z49254 H. sapiens L23- Mit. 16.6 related mRNA. 1.1 -1.2 1 0.9 -1 1.1 0.1 2.5 3.7 6.2 HG2815-HT4023_S_at M22919 cytoskel. 7.2 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. Spli 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.9 1.4 2.4 4.1 2.1 6.2 U70660_at U70660 Human copper detox 12.5 Antioxidant defense transport protein HAH 1 (HAH1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.2 2.5 2.1 6.1 AF006084_at AF006084 H. sapiens cytoskel. 10.3 Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41- Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds. 1.8 1.1 3.9 1.7 0.6 1.9 5.9 X62083_s_at X62083 H. sapiens signaling 10.4 mRNA for Drosophila female sterile homeotic (FSH) homolog. ■ 1.2 1 1.2 1 2 2.8 4.8 3.7 2.1 5.8 D86974_at D86974 Human mRNA for ??? 11.6 KIAA0220 gene, partial cds. 1.6 2.8 3.5 7.9 4.7 3.9 8.6 1.7 4 5.7 M72885_rna1_s_at M72885 Human Cell cycle 22.2 GOS2 gene, 5 1 flank and cds. 1.2 1.1 1 3.3 1 -1 0 3 2.7 5.7 S80437_s_at S80437 fatty acid lipid metabolism 9 lipid synthesis synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22 2.1 1.4 1.3 4.8 1.2 -1 0.1 3.2 2.5 5.7 X04654_s_at X04654 Human mRNA RNA processing 10.6 RNA binding Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment for U1 RNA-associated 70K protein. 1.8 1.5 1.4 4.7 1.1 -1 0.1 1.7 3.9 5.6 M26311_s_at M26311 Human cystic signaling 10.4 protein kinase fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds. inhibitor 1.4 1.7 2 5.1 2 1.7 3.7 2.5 3.1 5.6 X14850_at X14850 Human H2A.X Cell cycle 14.4 mRNA encoding histone H2A.X. 1.7 1.3 1.5 4.5 -1.2 1.1 -0.1 3 2.6 5.6 M14328_s_at M14328 Human alpha Energy 10 energy recruitment, enolase mRNA, complete cds. ATP synth. 1.1 -1.5 -1 -1.7 -1.3 -1 -2.4 1.9 3.6 5.5 U07919_at U07919 Human aldehyde detox 1.4 dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds. oe 1 1 1 3 4 3.7 7.7 2.4 3.1 5.5 M28130_rna1_s_at M28130 Human GF/cyt 16.2 interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds. 5.2 2.4 4.7 12.3 2 1.6 3.6 3.6 1.9 5.5 Z21507_at Z21507 H. sapiens EF- Translation 21.4 1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor-1 -delta. 1.1 4.3 5.4 M92934_at M92934 Human GF/cyt 10.4 connective tissue growth factor, complete cds. -1 -1.3 -2 -3.9 1.2 -2 -1.2 1.5 3.9 5.4 M27436_s_at M27436 Human tissue integral membrane 0.3 interacts with the factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu protein serine protease repetitive sequence in the 3' 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.6 -1.2 -1 -2.5 1.7 3.7 5.4 X74874_ma1 _s_at X74874 H. TF 7.5 sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1. 1.1 -1.1 -1 -1.3 -1 -2.3 2.6 2.8 5.4 X57351_at X57351 Human 1-8D IFN-inducible 2.1 gene from interferon-inducible gene family. 1.6 1.2 1.2 4 1 -1 -0.2 2.6 2.7 5.3 X52979_rna1_s_at X52979 Human RNA processing 9.1 gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB'. 1.4 1.1 1.3 3.8 1.3 1.2 2.5 3.9 1.4 5.3 U41515_at U41515 Human deleted in 11.6 split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.6 3.6 2.5 2.6 5.1 D28235_s_at D28235 Human PTGS2 signaling 11.7 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.5 1.2 1.2 3.9 -1 -1 -2.3 2.9 2.1 5 Y00503_at Y00503 Human mRNA for cytoskel. 6.6 keratin 19. 1 1.2 2.1 4.3 20 8.7 28.3 1.9 3 4.9 M57731_s_at M57731 Human gro- GF/cyt 37.5 beta mRNA, complete cds. ■ 1.5 -2 -3 -6.4 -1.6 -3 -4.4 -2 6.8 4.8 D50840_at D50840 H. sapiens mRNA signaling -6 for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds. 1 -1 -1 -1.2 1 1.1 2.1 1.7 3.1 4.8 U52101_at U52101 Human YMP integral membrane 5.7 membrane mRNA, complete cds. protein glycoprotein 1.7 o 1.6 1.8 5.1 -1.1 1 -0.1 2.9 1.9 4.8 D13413_ma1_s_at D13413 Human RNA processing 9.8 mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kD nuclear protein p120, partial cds(carbox 1.2 -1.1 -1 -1.2 1 1 2.9 1.9 4.8 L42379_at L42379 H. sapiens bone- GF/cyt 5.6 derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds. • 1.1 -1.1 1.2 -1 -1.1 -1 ■ 2.3 -2 6.2 4.7 X52426_s_at X52426 H. sapiens cytoskel. 1.4 mRNA for cytokeratin 13. 1.3 1.1 1 3.4 1.2 1 2.2 2.5 2.2 4.7 J04456_at J04456 Human 14 kD GF/cyt 10.3 lectin mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 1.3 1.2 3.9 1.1 -1 0.1 1.4 3.3 4.7 S78771_s_at S78771 NAT=CpG signaling 8.7 island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt]. 1.8 1.7 5.5 -1 1.2 0.2 2.8 1.8 4.6 M26730_s_at M26730 Human Mit. 10.3 mitochondrial ubiquinone-binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4. 2 1.4 1 4.4 -1 1.1 0.1 3 1.6 4.6 U26727_at U26727 Human Cell cycle 9.1 Tumor suppressor, P16INK4/MTS1 mRNA, complete cds. Cdk4/6 interacting 1.4 -1.9 -2 -2.3 -1 -1 ■ 2.1 3.2 1.4 4.6 X92896_at X92896 H. sapiens mRNA ??? 0.2 for ITBA2 protein. 1.3 1.4 1.4 4.1 1 1 2 1.8 2.7 4.5 Z69043_s_at Z69043 H. sapiens ER/vesicles/lysosome 10.6 ER, translocon- mRNA translocon-associated protein associated protein delta subunit precursor. 1.8 1.7 1.5 -1.2 -2.6 2.5 4.5 L76568_xpt3J_at L76568 H. sapiens DNA rep. 6.9 excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.3 1.3 3.6 1.1 1.2 2.3 2.5 4.5 M12125_at M12125 Human fibroblast cytoskel. 10.4 muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds. -1.2 1.1 0.9 -1.1 -0.1 1.2 3.2 4.4 U09937_rna1_s_at U09937 Human signaling 5.2 urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7. 1.8 1.4 1.9 5.1 1.1 2.1 2.6 1.8 4.4 X15822_at X15822 Human COX VI la- Mit. 11.6 L mRNA for liver-specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1. ). 1.1 3.1 1 2.1 3.1 2.8 1.6 4.4 M34516_at M34516 Human omega Cell surface/adhesion 10.6 light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3. 1.1 1.4 1.1 3.6 2.9 1.5 4.4 U53830_at U53830 H. sapiens IFN-inducible 12 interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.3 1.1 3.7 -1.4 -2 -3.4 3 1.4 4.4 X82693_at X82693 H. sapiens mRNA differentiation 4.7 Desmoglein HI, PV for E48 antigen. target 1.4 1.5 1.5 4.4 -1.1 -1 -2.1 3.2 1.1 4.3 M58026_at M58026 Human NB-1 ??? 6.6 calmodulin-like mRNA, complete cds. 1 1 1 3 1.4 -2 -0.6 1 3.3 4.3 M90657_at M90657 Human tumor Cell surface/adhesion 6.7 Glucoprofeins, cell antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds. surface ■ 1.7 -1.5 -2 -5.3 1.2 -2 -0.5 1.8 2.5 4.3 X57579_s_at X57579 H. sapiens cytoskel. -1.5 activin beta-A subunit (exon 2). 2.2 1.4 1 4.6 -1.1 -1 -2.2 2.6 1.7 4.3 D38251_s_at D38251 Human mRNA TF 6.7 for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds. 1.8 1.1 1.1 4 1.6 1.4 3 2.8 1.5 4.3 D89667_at D89667 H. sapiens mRNA signaling 11.3 for c-myc binding protein, complete cds. 1 1 1.1 3.1 4.2 AB000584_at AB000584 H. sapiens GF/cyt 9.2 mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds. 2.4 1.4 1.3 5.1 1.5 1.1 2.6 2.6 1.6 4.2 L76200_at L76200 Human guanylate DNA rep. 11.9 kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1 1 3.2 1.5 1.2 2.7 3.1 1.1 4.2 J04794_at J04794 Human aldehyde detox 10.1 reductase mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 1.1 1.1 3.6 1.4 -1 0.2 1.3 2.8 4.1 X52882_at X52882 Human t-complex Cell surface/adhesion 7.9 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment polypeptide 1 gene. 1.5 1.8 2.1 5.4 -1 -1 -2 1.6 2.5 4.1 M79463_S_at M79463 Human PML-2 TF 7.5 mRNA, complete CDS. 1 -1.1 -1 -1.2 1.7 2 3.7 1.6 2.5 4.1 Y09022_at Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA ER/vesicles/lysosome 6.6 tenuous function!! for Not56-like protein. 1.7 1.3 -1 2 1.7 -1 0.6 2.9 1.2 4.1 M12529_at M12529 Human GF/cyt 6.7 apolipoprotein E mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1.1 -2 0.8 1.9 -1 0.5 2.9 1.2 4.1 X71129_at X71129 H. sapiens mRNA it. 5.4 for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit. 1.2 1.2 1.9 4.3 -1.4 -1 -2.5 1.1 2.9 X83416_s_at X83416 H. sapiens PrP cytoskel. 5.8 prion protein gene, exon 2. -1 -2.6 -1 -4.7 1.4 2 3.4 1.4 2.6 D89052_at D89052 H. sapiens mRNA Energy 2.7 for proton-ATPase-like protein, complete cds. 1.6 1.5 2.6 5.7 3.1 1.6 4.7 1.5 2.5 M60974_s_at M60974 Human growth DNA rep. 14.4 arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds 1 2 3 1 M16364_s_at M16364 Human Energy 9 energy recruitment creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete ATP synth. cds. 1.6 1.4 1.6 4.6 2 0.8 1.2 2.7 3.9 D38305_at D38305 Human mRNA for signaling 9.3 Tob, complete cds. 1.4 1.5 1.3 4.2 1 0 1.2 2.7 3.9 HG2917-HT3061J_at X87679 Major Cell surface/adhesion 8.1 Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533) 1.4 1.3 1.4 4.1 -1.1 -2.2 1.2 2.7 3.9 Z29505_at Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA RNA processing 5.8 for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3. 1.1 -1 1 1.2 2.3 1.3 2.6 3.9 K02574_at K02574 ??? 7.2 1.5 1.1 3.6 1 -0.2 2.6 1.3 3.9 U09813_at U09813 Human Mit. 7.3 mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc 1.5 1.5 1.3 4.3 -1.1 -2.1 2.6 1.3 3.9 X67951_at X67951 H. sapiens mRNA detox 6.1 antioxidant protein Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment for proliferation-associated gene (pag)- 1.8 1.2 4 1.7 1.2 2.9 2.5 1.4 3.9 J04611_at J04611 Human lupus p70 TF 10.8 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds. 2.8 1.8 6.6 1.6 -1 0.6 2.8 3.8 U09578_at U09578 H. sapiens signaling 11 MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds. 1 3 3.4 3.8 7.2 1 2.7 3.7 X53800_s_at X53800 Human mRNA GF/cyt 13.9 for macrophage inflammatory protein- 2beta (MIP2beta). 1 1.3 1.4 3.7 1 1.3 2.3 1.1 2.6 3.7 HG1980-HT2023_at V00599 Tubulin, cytoskel. 9.7 Beta 2 1.6 -0 1.6 3.18 -1 1.7 0.7 2.5 1.2 3.7 U69126_s_at U69126 Human FUSE TF 7.58 binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds. 1.6 1.5 1.5 4.6 2.7 1 3.7 X53416_at X53416 Human mRNA for cytoskel. 8.3 actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP- 280). 1 1 2 1 2.6 3.6 U90546_r_at U90546 Human integral membrane 8.6 membrane butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete protein glycoprotein cds. 2.6 1.9 1.8 6.3 1.3 1.1 2.4 4.2 -1 3.2 M58459_at M58459 Human ribosomal Translation 11.9 protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds. 2.6 1.7 5.3 1.2 1.3 2.5 3.1 -1 2.1 M19961_at M19961 Human Mit. 9.9 cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds. 2.8 6.8 1.4 2.4 3 -1 2 U65579_at U65579 Human Mit. 11.2 mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase- ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kD subunit 2.2 1.4 1.5 5.1 -2.4 -5 -7.1 -1 3.2 1.9 X77794_at X77794 H. sapiens mRNA Cell cycle -0.1 for cyclin G1. 1.8 1.5 1.2 4.5 1.4 -1 0.3 2.7 -1 1.7 M29064_at M29064 Human hnRNP RNA processing 6.5 B1 protein mRNA. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.3 1 -1 1.2 1 -1 -0.2 -1 2.7 1.6 D21853_at D21853 Human mRNA for Translation 2.6 translation initiation KIAA0111 gene, complete cds. ■ 1.1 -1.4 -1 -3.9 1.4 1.7 3.1 -1 2.7 1.5 X78687_at X78687 H. sapiens G9 Cell surface/adhesion 0.7 Glucoproteins, cell gene encoding sialidase. surface 1.6 -1.1 1.2 1.7 1.1 -2 -0.4 -1 2.6 1.5 X15729_s_at X15729 Human mRNA TF 2.8 for nuclear p68 protein. 1.2 1 1.2 3.4 -1 -1 -2 3.1 -1.6 1.5 X04828_at X04828 Human mRNA for signaling 2.9 G(i) protein alpha-subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind 1.1 1.2 -1 1.2 -1.3 -2.8 2.6 -1.3 1.3 L27943_at L27943 H. sapiens DNA rep. -0.3 cytidine deaminase (CDA) mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 -1.5 -2 -1.9 1.1 -1 -0.3 1.9 -2.8 -0.9 L40391_at L40391 H. sapiens (clone ??? -3.1 s153) mRNA fragment. 1.3 1 1.4 3.7 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.5 -2.5 -1 D42123_at D42123 H. sapiens mRNA signaling 5.1 cytoskel. LIM for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds. domain 1 1.1 -1 1.1 1.1 -1 0 -3 1.4 -1.2 X74104_at X74104 H. sapiens mRNA ER/vesicles/lysosome -0.1 ER, translocon- for TRAP beta subunit. associated protein 1.3 -1 1 1.3 -1.1 -2 -3.1 -3 1.4 -1.2 M84332_at M84332 Human ADP- signaling -3 ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5. 1 1 1 3 1.8 -2 -0.1 1.9 -3.1 -1.2 L37127_at L37127 H. sapiens RNA TF 1.7 polymerase II mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 2.8 3.6 7.8 1.2 -3 -1.7 -3 1.4 -1.4 M92843_s_at M92843 H. sapiens zinc TF 4.7 finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds. -1.8 -2.5 -2 -5.9 -0.2 1.2 -1.6 U07664_at U07664 Human HB9 TF -7.7 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds. -1.6 -2.2 -2 -5.3 1 1.7 2.7 1.4 -3 -1.6 L48546_at L48546 H. sapiens tuberin signaling ■ 4.2 GAP (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41. 1.8 1.4 1.4 4.6 -1.4 -2 -3.4 1 -2.7 -1.7 X53586_rna1_at X53586 Human cytoskel. ■ 0.5 ECM mRNA for integrin alpha 6. 1.5 1 -1 1.2 1.4 1.1 2.5 1 -2.8 -1.8 D21852_at D21852 Human mRNA or ??? 1.9 KIAA0029 gene, partial cds. 1.1 1.1 1.1 3.3 -1.1 1.1 0 -3 1 -1.9 L11066 at L11066 Human mRNA signaling 1.4 HSP-associated Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment sequence. 4.3 2.9 1.6 8.8 1.6 1.3 2.9 1.7 -3.6 -1.9 J04444_at J04444 Human Mit. 9.8 cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds. 1.6 1 1 3.6 -1.6 -2 -4 1.2 -3.7 -2.5 M95787_at M95787 Human 22kD cytoskel. -2.9 transgelin smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds. -5.6 -4.5 -1 -11.4 1.3 1 2.3 -5 1 -3.5 HG880-HT880_at L07517 ucin 6, ??? -12.6 Gastric (Gb:L07517) -1 -1 -1 -3 1 -3 -1.9 -3 -1 -3.5 X91247_at X91247 H. sapiens mRNA detox -8.4 for thioredoxin reductase. -1.4 -1.3 -2 -4.2 -1.7 -2 -3.3 -3 -1 -3.5 L11672_at L11672 Human Kruppel TF -11 Ul related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds. 1.1 -1.1 -2 -1.8 1.1 -1 -0.1 -1 -2.6 -3.6 U30999_at U30999 Human (memc) ??? -5.5 mRNA, 3'UTR. 1.2 -1.1 -1 -0.9 -1 -1 -2.2 -3 -1.1 -3.7 U01337_at U01337 Human Ser Thr signaling -6.8 protein kinase (A-RAF-1) gene, complete cds. -1.8 -2.7 -2 -6.3 -1.5 -1 -2.8 -1 -2.6 -3.7 HG3492-HT3686_at U28480 Mit. -12.8 thermogenic Uncoupling Protein Ucp 1.2 1 1.3 3.5 -1.6 -2 -3.5 -3 -1.1 -3.9 X12794_at X12794 Human v-erbA signaling -3.9 related ear-2 gene. 1.1 1.2 -2 0.6 1.1 -2 -0.8 -3 -1.1 -3.9 L22005_at L22005 Human ubiquitin protease -4.1 protease conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds. -1.7 -1.7 -2 -5.1 -2.3 -1.2 -3.9 M12886_at M12886 Human T-cell signaling -11.3 receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds. 1.5 1.7 1.4 4.6 1 -1 -0.3 -1 -2.6 -4 Y08915_at Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA signaling 0.3 for alpha 4 protein. 1.3 1.1 1.1 3.5 -1.4 -2 -3.2 -3 -1.3 -4.1 HG3638-HT3849_s_at M24547 ECM -3.8 ECM Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751) 1 1 -1 0.9 -1.3 -1 -2.4 -2 -2.5 -4.1 X76717_at X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 detox -5.6 mRNA. 1.6 1.4 1.3 4.3 1.1 -2 -1 -1 -2.7 -4.1 M64347_at M64347 Human novel signaling -0.8 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds. 1.4 1.2 1 3.6 1.2 -1 -0.1 -1 -2.8 -4.1 X05409_at X05409 Human RNA for Mit. -0.6 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3). ■ 1.1 -1.4 -2 -4.1 1.3 -1 -0.1 -1 -2.8 -4.1 D87469_at D87469 Human mRNA for Cell surface/adhesion -8.3 seven-pass K1AA0279 gene, partial cds. transmembrane cadherin 1.2 -1.3 -1 -3.7 -1 -2 -2.5 -3 -1.3 -4.2 M58603_at M58603 Human nuclear TF -10.4 factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds -1 -1.3 -1 -3.7 -1.5 -3 -4 -3 -1.3 -4.2 M76482_at M76482 Human 130-kD cytoskel. -11.9 pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 -1 -1 -1 1.4 -1 0.4 -3 -1.6 -4.2 X06323_at X06323 Human MRL3 Translation -4.8 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homolog ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L ■ 1.2 -1.2 -2 -4.1 -1.3 -4 -5.2 -3 -1 -4.3 X78992_at X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 TF -13.6 mRNA. 1.8 1 -1 1.7 1 -2 -1 -3 -1.2 -4.3 L41351_at L41351 H. sapiens protease -3.6 secreted protease prostasin mRNA, complete cds. 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.5 -1.5 -2 -3 -3 -1.9 -4.4 X75342_at X75342 H. sapiens SHB signaling -3.9 SH2 prot. mRNA. 1.1 1 1 3.1 -1.2 -2 -2.9 -1 -3.3 -4.4 U83115_at U83115 Human non-lens cytoskel. -4.2 beta gamma-crystallin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds. •1.4 -1.8 -2 -4.9 -2.5 -3 -5.7 -3 -1.2 -4.5 U88629_at U88629 Human RNA TF -15.1 polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds. 2 2.2 1.5 5.7 1.1 -4 -2.5 -3 -1.5 -4.5 HG3342-HT3519_s_at S78825 ld1 TF -1.3 -1 -1.1 -1 -3.3 -1 -2 -3 -2 -2.9 -4.5 U28811_at U28811 Human cysteine- signaling -10.8 rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds -1.2 -1.2 -3.6 -1.6 -4.9 -1.2 -4.6 M58286_s_at M58286 H. sapiens signaling -13.1 tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1 -1.3 -1 -1.5 -2 -6 -8.3 -3 -1.4 -4.6 D78129_at D78129 H. sapiens mRNA lipid metabolism -14.4 lipogenic, cholesterol for squalene epoxidase, partial cds. synth. 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.8 -1 -2 -3.4 -3 -1.8 -4.6 D14874_at D14874 H. sapiens mRNA GF/cyt -3.2 for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds. •1.4 -1.3 1 -1.7 -1.3 -2 -3.3 -3 -2.1 -4.6 Z26317_at Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA cytoskel. -9.6 for desmoglein 2. •1.2 -1.1 -2 -4.1 -1.8 -2 -3.7 -2 -2.8 -4.6 L19267_at L19267 H. sapiens 59 signaling -12.4 myotonic dystrophy protein mRNA, 3' end. ■ 1.2 -1.9 -1 -4.5 -3.9 -6 -9.7 -3 -1.3 -4.7 HG3523-HT4899_s_at J00120 Proto- TF -18.9 -4 Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114 1.4 -1.1 -0.7 1.2 -0.4 -3 -1.7 -4.7 U33821_at U33821 Human taxi - signaling -5.8 binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1 -1 1 -1 -2 -2.8 -2 -2.7 -4.7 U52100_at U52100 Human XMP Cell surface/adhesion -6.5 membrane mRNA, complete cds. glycoprotein ■1.4 -1.9 -2 -5.5 -1.4 -3 -4.4 -2 -2.9 -4.7 L31801_at L31801 H. sapiens transporter -14.6 Lactate and pyruvate monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.7 1.6 1.1 4.4 -1.7 -6 -4.7 L00058_at L00058 Human (GH) TF -6.3 germline c-myc proto-oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank. -1 1.2 -1 -1.2 -1.1 -2 -3.3 -2 -3.2 -4.7 U52426_at U52426 H. sapiens GOK ??? -9.2 secreted protein (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.6 1.2 1.2 4 -1.1 -2 -2.8 -1 -3.5 -4.7 M80244_at M80244 Human E16 Translation -3.5 aa transporter mRNA, complete cds. ■ 1.1 -2.2 -1 -4.3 -1.1 -2 -2.8 -4 -1.3 -4.8 U56418_at U56418 Human signaling ■ 11.9 lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase- beta mRNA, complete cds. 1.5 1.7 2.2 5.4 -1.4 -3.4 -2.2 -4.8 L38490_s_at L38490 H. sapiens signaling -2.8 ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds. 1.1 -1.3 -1.7 1.1 -3 -1.4 -2 -2.6 -4.8 U14603_at U14603 Human protein- signaling -7.9 tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment 1.3 1 -1 1.3 -1.2 -3 -3.8 -2 -2.6 -4.9 L77886_at L77886 Human protein -7.4 tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.2 -1 1.5 -1.7 -1 -3 -1 -3.6 -4.9 M38258_at M38258 Human retinoic TF -6.4 acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds. -1 -1.3 -1 -3.7 1.5 -3 -1 -4 -1.2 -5 X89750_at X89750 H. sapiens mRNA TF -9.7 homeobox for TG IF protein. -1 -1 1 -1 1 -4 -3.2 -3 -1.8 -5 D85429_at D85429 H. sapiens gene signaling -9.2 for heat shock protein 40, complete cds. -1.8 -2.9 -4 -8.5 -2.6 -4 -6.7 -3 -2.4 -5 HG174-HT174_at J 05211 cytoskel. -20.2 oe Desmoplakin I -1.1 -1.1 1 -1.2 2.6 1.5 4.1 -3 -2.3 -5.1 M31627_at M31627 Human X box TF -2.2 binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1.2 1.4 3.8 -1.4 -1 -2.4 -1 -4.1 -5.1 X80695_at X80695 H. sapiens Mit. -3.7 cytochrome oxydase OXAIHs mRNA. assembly -1 -1.9 -1 -4 1.2 -2 -0.3 -4 -1.5 -5.2 M54915_s_at M54915 Human h-pim- signaling -9.5 ST kinase 1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds. -1 -1 -1 -3.4 1 1 2 -2 -3.4 -5.2 D83777_at D83777 Human mRNA for ??? -6.6 KIAA0193 gene, complete cds. 1.5 1.3 1 3.8 -1.1 -2 -2.7 -2 -3.5 -5.2 D31883_at D31883 Human mRNA for cytoskel. -4.1 actin binding KIAA0059 gene, complete cds. 1.8 1.4 1.2 4.4 -1.2 -2 -3.5 -2 -3.7 -5.2 U00968_at U00968 Human SREBP-1 TF -4.3 mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.3 1.2 3.8 -1.2 -3 -4 -2 -3.7 -5.2 K03195_at K03195 Human (HepG2) Energy -5.4 glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds. -2.6 -2.6 -2 -7 -1.2 -1 -2.3 -3 -2 -5.3 D86965_at D86965 Human mRNA for signaling -14.6 K1AA0210 gene, complete cds. -1.7 -1.3 -1 -4 -1.1 -2 -3.5 -4 -1.4 -5.4 Z30643_at Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA Channel -12.9 Channel for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp. -1.2 -5.4 -1.4 -4.2 -1.7 -5.4 D14520_at D 14520 Human mRNA for TF -15 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function *### comment GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds. 1.6 1.2 1.8 4.6 1.2 -1 -0.2 -3 -2.8 -5.4 D87462_at D87462 Human mRNA for -1 BRCA1 -associated KIAA0272 gene, partial cds. 1.7 1.4 1.1 4.2 -2.2 -7 -9.1 -3 -2.3 -5.5 X80692_at X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 signaling -10.4 mRNA. 1.3 1.1 1.1 3.5 1.6 -1 0.4 -3 -2.5 -5.5 X90858_at X90858 H. sapiens mRNA DNA rep. -1.6 for uridine phosphorylase. ■ 1.7 -2 -2 -5.6 -1 -2 -3.1 -4 -2.1 -5.9 M57763_at M57763 Human ADP- signaling -14.6 ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 1.3 1.5 4.2 1.4 0.1 -2 -3.8 -5.9 X92720_at X92720 H. sapiens mRNA Energy -1.6 gluconeogenesys U for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. -1.1 -1.3 -1 -3.8 -1.1 -2.8 -3 -2.8 -6.1 M81601_at M81601 Human TF -12.7 transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds. -1.3 -1.2 -2 -4.1 -2.4 -3 -5.8 -2.8 -6.1 X52611_s_at X52611 Human mRNA TF -16 for transcription factor AP-2. 1.3 1.2 -1 1.5 -1.4 -2 -3 -3 -6.1 U09587_at U 09587 Human glycyl- Translation -7.6 tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds. 1.8 1 1 3.8 1.3 -1 -0.1 -2 -4.4 -6.1 U14550_at U14550 Human Cell surface/adhesion -2.4 Glucoproteins, cell sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, surface complete cds. 1.6 1.6 1.7 4.9 2.4 1.3 3.7 -3 -3.4 -6.2 D90209_at D90209 Human mRNA for TF 2.4 DNA binding protein TAXREB67. 1.8 1.2 -1 1.9 -1 -2 -3.4 -3 -3.9 -6.4 X77366_at X77366 H. sapiens H BZ17 TF -7.9 mRNA. 1 1 1 3 -1 -3 -3.9 -2 -4.7 -6.4 X76534_at X76534 H. sapiens NMB integral membrane -7.3 antimetastatic mRNA. protein transmembrane glycoprot. -1.7 -4 -1.3 -2 -3.7 -1 -5.2 -6.5 U37519_at U37519 Human aldehyde detox -14.2 dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds. 1.4 1.4 1.6 4.4 1.4 -2 -0.5 -4 -2.4 -6.6 M83667_ma1_s_at M83667 Human TF -2.7 Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds. 0.5 -1.1 -1 -2.4 -3 -3.9 -6.6 U53347_at U53347 Human neutral AA metabolism -8.5 AA metabolism amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds. -1.3 -1.4 -4.2 -1.4 -2 -3.7 -4.6 -6.6 L09229_s_at L09229 Human long- lipid metabolism -14.5 fatty acid synth. chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1.2 1.4 3.8 -1.5 -5 -6.4 -2.8 -6.9 S73591_at S73591 brain-expressed detox -9.5 Thioredoxin HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 interacting acute promyelocytic leukemia cells -3.1 -3 -8.4 -2.3 -5 -7.3 -4 -2.9 -7.2 M13929_s_at M13929 Human c-myc- TF -22.9 o o P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds. 1.3 1.1 -1 1.2 -1.1 -2 -2.8 -4.7 -7.3 M55268_at M55268 Human casein signaling -8.9 kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1.1 3.3 1.2 1.7 2.9 -5.4 -7.3 M77836_at M77836 Human pyrroline Urea cycle -1.1 Urea cycle 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds. 1.3 1.2 1.5 -1.4 -2 -6.1 U09587_at U09587 Human glycyl- Translation -7.6 tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds. 1 1 3 5.1 1 6.1 -4.2 -7.6 HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 signaling 1.5 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated -1.3 -2 -3.9 -1.2 -3 -3.2 -7.7 U72066_at U72066 hi. sapiens CtBP signaling -15.6 Rb-binding interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds. -2.2 -2.8 -8 -2.6 -3 -5.5 -3.4 -8 U42031_at U42031 Human 54 kD signaling -21.5 progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial 1.2 1.2 -1.1 -2 -2.7 -4.8 -8.1 M27396_s_at M27396 Human Translation -9.6 asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds. 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.5 -2.6 -6 -8.1 X01630_at X01630 Human mRNA for Urea cycle -7.2 Urea cycle argininosuccinate synthetase. Table 7. Third Response Gene Set 0.5hr 1hr 2hr ##### 4hr 8hr ##### 16hr 24hr ##### Description Function ##### comment -1.2 -1.4 1.1 -1 0.1 -3 -5.8 -9.2 D32050_at D32050 Human mRNA for Translation -10.5 alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds. -1.3 -1.8 -2 -5.5 -1.7 -7.1 -6 -3.3 -9.4 M90656_at M90656 Human gamma- detox -22 glutathione glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) biosynthesis mRNA, complete cds. -1.8 -1.8 -2 -5.4 -1.7 -3.9 -6 -4.1 -9.6 J04102_at J04102 Human TF -18.9 erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds. 1.5 0.58 4.08 1.5 -3 -1.3 -6 -5.3 -11.3 X69111_at X69111 H. sapiens HLH TF -8.52 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein. and Table 8 presents a list of genes the expression of which are induced in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Table 8: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Induced Genes Set Table 8: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Induced Genes Set Table 8: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Induced Genes Set Table 8: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Induced Genes Set Induced Gene Set inhibiting GTP-bind L38951_at L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds. M31627 at M31627 Human X box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds. J04444__at J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds. HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated and Table 9 presents a list of genes the expression of which are repressed in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Table 9: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Repressed Gene Set Table 9: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Repressed Gene Set Table 9: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Repressed Gene Set Table 9: Ultraviolet Radiation-Regulated Repressed Gene Set I. Compositions of the Invention The present invention exploits the discovery of a pattern of RNA and protein expression in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Compositions of matter of the invention include a plurality of specific nucleic acid and protein molecules identified by the invention as ultraviolet radiation-regulated. In one aspect, the compositions of the invention are directed to nucleic acid molecules that are at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical at the nucleotide sequence level to the complete hst group of ultraviolet radiation-regulated nucleic acid molecules (Table 7). In another aspect, the compositions of the invention are directed to nucleic acid molecules that ate at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical at the nucleotide sequence level to the complementary sequences of the complete list group (Table 7). As used herein, the terms "nucleic acid" or "nucleic acid molecule" refer to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single-or double-stranded form, and unless otherwise limited, would encompass analogs of natural nucleotides that can function in a similar manner as the naturally occurring nucleotide. An "oligonucleotide" is a single-stranded nucleic acid of 12 bases plus N bases, wherein N is a whole integer from 0 to 500. Nucleic acids may be isolated and purified, cloned, or synthesized using any techniques known in the art. They may also include non-naturally occurring nucleotide analogs, such as those which are modified to improve hybridization. As known to those skilled in the art, the "percentage of sequence identity" or "sequence identity" may be determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences or subsequences over a comparison window or span, wherein the portion of the polynucleotide sequence in the comparison window may optionally comprise additions or deletions (i.e., gaps) as compared to the reference sequence (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which the identical subunit (e.g., nucleic acid base or amino acid residue) occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison and multiplying the result by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity. Percentage sequence identity when calculated using the programs GAP or BESTFIT (see above) is calculated using default gap weights. Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison may be conducted by the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman (Adv. Appl Math. (1981) 2:482); by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. (1970) 48:443); by the search for similarity method of Pearson and Lipman (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) (1988) 85:2444); by computerized implementations of these algorithms (including, but not limited to, CLUSTAL in the PC/Gene program by Intelligenetics (Mountain View, CA) GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group (GCG) (Madison, Wl); or by inspection. In particular, methods for aligning sequences using the CLUSTAL program are well described by Higgins and Sharp (Gene (1988) 73:237- 244), (CABIOS (1989) 5:151-153), and both the BLAST and the PSI-BLAST programs (Altschul, et al. (1997), Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402). In one aspect, the invention provides a composition of matter comprising a pluraUty of nucleic acid molecules, the expression of which is altered by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Nucleic acid molecules of the composition are selected from at least one of the following groups: the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the composition comprises a plurality of nucleic acid molecules defined to be at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight, or at least nine, or at least ten nucleic acid molecules selected from the complete hst group described hereinabove. In an alternative embodiment, the composition of matter comprises a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, each one being at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical on a sequence level to a polynucleotide selected from at least one of the following: the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and the secondary third response group. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the composition of matter comprises a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, each one being at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% identical on a sequence level to a member of the group of polynucleotides consisting of least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight, or at least nine, or at least ten nucleic acid molecules selected from the complete hst group described hereinabove. The compositions of matter of the invention are useful for the production of DNA- or oligonucleotide arrays, referred to collectively herein as a "gene array." Gene arrays comprise a plurality of different "probe" or "target" nucleic acids (or other compounds) attached to one or more substrates or surfaces (e.g., sohd, membrane, or gel). Gene arrays may be constructed in a low or high density format. A high density gene array provides a rapid, essentially simultaneous, evaluation of a number of hybridizations in a single test. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of nucleic acid molecules (or other moieties) are attached to a single contiguous surface or to a multiplicity of surfaces juxtaposed to each other in an array format. In this way, a large number of different hybridization reactions can be run essentially "in parallel." The method of performing hybridization reactions in array based formats are well known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., Pastinen (1997) Genome Res. 7:606-614; Jackson (1996) Nature Biotechnol. 14:1685; Chee (1995) Science 274:610; WO 96/17958; and Pinkel et al. (1998) Nature Genetics 20:207-211, which are incorporated herein by reference). Different embodiments of the invention are directed to low and high density nucleic acid and oUgonucleotide arrays. Depending on the intended application, arrays may be constructed using ohgonucleotides, cDNAs, genomic clones, etc.; such a determination is well within the knowledge of one skilled in the art. Typically, oUgonucleotide arrays are utiUzed in a high density format. Thus, the invention includes oligo expression arrays in which the specific oUgo nucleotides are selected from the nucleic acid molecules identified herein as regulated in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Genomic clones, cDNAs and other polynucleotides greater than about 500 base pairs are easily utilized in a low density setting, but to obtain a high density array with these polynucleotides it is most easily accomplished by robotic application to a substrate. U.S. Patent No. 5,143,854 and PCT Patent Publication Nos. WO 90/15070 and WO 92/10092 teach the use of Ught-directed combinatorial synthesis of high density oUgonucleotide arrays, and the synthesis of high density arrays is also described in U.S. Patents 5,744,305, 5,800,992 and 5,445,934. Many methods for immobilizing nucleic acids on a variety of substrates are known in the art. A wide variety of organic and inorganic polymers, as well as other materials, both natural and synthetic, can be employed as the material for the solid surface of a gene array. Illustrative sohd surfaces include, e.g., nitrocellulose, nylon, glass, quartz, diazotized membranes (paper or nylon), silicones, polyformaldehyde, ceUulose, and cellulose acetate. In addition, plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and the like can be used. Other materials which may be employed include, but are not hmited to, paper, ceramics, metals, metaUoids, semiconductive materials, and the like. In addition, substances that form gels can be used. Such materials include, e.g., proteins (e.g., gelatins), Upopolysaccharides, silicates, agarose and polyacrylamides. Where the sohd surface is porous, various pore sizes may be employed depending upon the nature of the system. Ill The gene arrays of the invention may also be prepared commercially. For example, a service provided by Affymetrix, Inc. (Santa Clara, CA), producer of the GeneChip®, utilizes a proprietary synthesis system to create on a glass substrate a nucleic acid expression array. Construction of the Affymetrix array involves a multitude of gene sequences, each gene being represented on the probe array by multiple probe pairs, biased toward the 3' end of the gene. In addition, each probe pair consists of a perfect match and a mismatch oUgonucleotide. With the exception of a homo-mismatch at the center base position, the mismatch oUgonucleotide is identical in sequence to the perfect match, a pairing strategy which helps identify and subtract non-specific hybridization and background signal. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition of matter comprises nucleic acid molecules that are oligonucleotides selected to have a length of about 12 bases plus N bases, wherein N is a whole integer from 0 to 500. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the composition of matter comprises oUgonucleotides that are about 21 bases in length, and in a most preferred embodiment, the composition of matter is characterized as a gene array. The specific sequences of the oligonucleotides are selected from the nucleic acid sequences of the complete Ust group (Table 7) previously described herein, or from the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, the secondary third response group, the induced group and/or the repressed group, aU previously described herein and found in Tables 8 and 9, respectively. In yet another embodiment, the composition of matter comprises a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, each one at least 90%, or 91%, or 92%, or 93%, or 94%, or 95%, or 96%, or 97%, or 98%, or 99% or 100% identical to the complementary nucleotide sequence of a member of the group of polynucleotides consisting of the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, the secondary third response group, the induced group, and/or the repressed group. The term "complementary nucleotide sequence" as used herein refers to a nucleic acid base sequence that can form a double- stranded structure by matching base pairs; for example, the complementary sequence to G-T-A-C is C-A-T-G. The term "base pair matching" refers to the hydrogen bonding that occurs between certain nucleotides (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine) from opposite strands of a double stranded nucleic acid (such as DNA or RNA). Another aspect of the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for modulating the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to exposure to ultraviolet radiation and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the response being at least one of the foUowing: the primary first response group, and the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. In various embodiments thereof, the response is the primary first response group, or the primary second response group, or the primary third response group, or the primary first response group and the primary second response group, or the primary first response group and the primary third response group, or the primary second response group and the primary third response group, or the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and the primary third response group. The ultraviolet radiation to which the ceU is exposed can comprise ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm. Preferably, the cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm, or to a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm ' The response of the ceU thereto is at least one of the primary first response group, the primary second response group and/or the primary third response group. The ceU that provides the response(s) is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or a ceU selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. The term "about" is used herein to mean "approximately," or "roughly," or "around," or "in the region of." When the term "about" is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term "about" is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below the stated value by a variance of 20 percent. Thus, the phrase "about 320 nm" is construed to mean that a 20% variance in value is placed on the numeral; for example, "about 320 nm" refers to aU values between 320 nm minus (0.2)(320) and 320 nmplus (0.2)(320). Exposure of a ceU to a specific wavelength of ultraviolet radiation to induce the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure is easily accomplished by those familiar with the art. Sources of ultraviolet radiation may be obtained commercially that have a defined output for a Umited range or a specific wavelength of ultraviolet radiation. For example, the Stratagene 2000 illuminator specially equipped with FG15T Ught bulb is used which produces maximum output in the ultraviolet-B radiation wavelength range. In addition, one skilled in the art has the requisite knowledge to determine the total amount of ultraviolet radiation energy dehvered to a cell in exposing it to ultraviolet radiation. For example, a luminometer UVB-500C from the National Biological Corp. (Twinsburg, OH) is useful for measuring the total amount of ultraviolet radiation energy a cell receives upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for modulating the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the response is characterized by a pattern of expression comprising the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and/or the secondary third response group. In another embodiment thereof, the pharmaceutical composition is a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In this embodiment the response is the altered expression of at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight, or at least nine, or at least ten nucleic acid molecules, each of which is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% identical at the nucleotide sequence level to a polynucleotide sequence from the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and/or the secondary third response group. In other specific embodiments thereof, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions that modulate the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. In this embodiment, the response is characterized by either a pattern of expression that is induced or repressed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. More specificaUy, in these embodiments, the response is the induced response group (Table 8) or the repressed response group (Table 9). The term "cell" as used herein is meant to include any skin cell (e.g., epidermal or dermal) or precursors thereof, in a culture, tissue, or organism. In specific cases, the ceU is a keratinocyte, a melanocyte, a Langerhans cell, or a fibroblast cell. By "a plurality of RNA molecules" is meant an RNA sample of high complexity; the term "complexity" being used here according to standard meaning of the term as established by Britten et al. (Meth. Enzymol. (1974) 29:363). The level of an RNA molecule or a pluraUty of RNA molecules may be measured by any means known in the art. Methods of detecting and/or quantifying the transcript(s) of one or more gene(s) or EST(s) of this invention (e.g., mRNA or cDNA made therefrom) using nucleic acid hybridization techniques are known to those of skill in the art. For example, one method for evaluating the presence, absence, or quantity of gene or EST reverse-transcribed cDNA involves a Southern blot transfer and subsequent quantitation using nucleic acid hybridization technology. Alternatively, in a Northern blot, mRNA is directly quantitated. In brief, the mRNA is isolated from a given cell sample using, for example, an acid guanidinium-phenol- chloroform extraction method. The mRNA is then electrophoresed to separate the mRNA species and the mRNA is transferred from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane. As with the Southern blots, labeled probes are used to identify and/or quantify the target mRNA. The probes used herein for detection of the gene(s) and/or EST(s) of this invention can be fuU length or less than the full length of the gene or EST. Shorter probes are empirically tested for specificity. Preferably, nucleic acid probes are 20 bases or longer in length. (See, Sambrook et al, supra, for methods of selecting nucleic acid probe sequences for use in nucleic acid hybridization). Visualization of the hybridized portions aUows the quaUtative determination of the presence or absence of gene(s) and/or EST(s) of this invention. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, wherein the response is a pattern of expression comprising a tertiary first response group, and/or a tertiary second response group, and/or a tertiary third response, and an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier. The pattern of expression may be the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, and/or the tertiary third response group. In an alternative embodiment thereof, the response is the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, and/or the quaternary third response group. The response may be modulation of at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten protein molecules encoded by the polynucleotides selected from the induced group or selected from the repressed group. It will be understood that, when administered to a human patient, the total daily usage of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention wUl be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including: the type and degree of the response to be achieved; the specific composition of another agent, if any, employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the composition; the duration of the treatment; drugs (such as a chemotherapeutic agent) used in combination or coincidental with the specific composition of the invention; and like factors weU known in the medical arts. Suitable formulations, known in the art, can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences ((latest edition), Mack PubUshing Company (Easton, Pa)). Moreover, the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in a convenient manner such as by the topical, intradermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or oral routes. The pharmaceutical compositions are administered in an amount which is effective for treatment and/or prophylaxis of the specific indication. By way of example, specific indications for the appUcation of the pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, wrinkling of the skin, discoloration of the skin, benign keratinocytic tumors (keratoacanthoma and seborrheic keratosis), premalignant actinic keratosis (solar keratosis), malignant epidermal tumors such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanoma (which is classified into four types: (1) superficial spreading melanoma, (2) lentigo maligna melanoma, (3) acral-lentiginous melanoma, and (4) nodular melanoma). Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: the primary first response group, the primary second response group and the primary third response group; and a pharmaceuticaUy acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced RNA expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed RNA expression. In yet another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group and a secondary third response group. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the following: the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising at least one of the foUowing: the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the ceUular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. In embodiments thereof, modulation of the cellular response is an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-induced protein expression or an inhibition of the ultraviolet radiation exposure-repressed protein expression. In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for modulating the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis. The pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound in sufficient quantity to modulate the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and a pharmaceuticaUy acceptable carrier. II. Methods of the Invention A. Methods to Identify Cellular Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Another aspect of the invention provides methods for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA or protein molecules in the cell, wherein the response, i.e., a pattern of altered expression, of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure is established and indicates that the cell was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In various embodiments thereof, the response of the ceU comprises at least one of a first response group, a second response, and/or a third response. As used herein and as understood by those skUled in the art, the term "altered expression" may refer to an increase or decrease in the expression level of one or more nucleic acids, preferably one or more RNA molecules. The term "altered expression" may also refer to a relative increase or decrease hi the expression level of one or more protein molecules. Also, it wUl be understood by one stalled in the art that an increase or decrease in an expression level may be effected by synthesis rate, i.e., transcription rate for RNA and translation rate for protein, or a change in the stabUity of either the RNA or protein molecules affected. Thus, all of the "responses" described herein by a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation represent "altered expression" relative to nucleic acid molecules (e.g., RNAs) or proteins expressed in a ceU that was not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The invention describes various responses of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Through the use of gene array expression analysis, the invention provides a categorization and Usting of genes and proteins the expression of which is altered in a cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. As disclosed in more detaU in Example 1, below, of the 7,080 gene entries examined by gene array expression analysis, some 3,000 were scored as present in keratinocytes at at least one time point post-ultraviolet radiation exposure, and approximately 1,400 of these are present at aU time points during the response of the keratinocyte to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Among the entries, 308 were differentiaUy regulated at least two-and a half-fold at at least one time point. Of these 308 gene sequences, specific attention was paid to genes represented by multiple probes on the gene (for example, gene sequences for jun-B, c- Myc, Cox-2). Although the actual values of "fold regulation" varied, very similar patterns of regulation were found for these multiple probe sets, which provided confidence in the fidelity of the hybridizations (Table 1). Of the 308 genes found to be regulated at some point by 2.5 fold or more, 9 gene sequences were both induced and suppressed 2.5 fold or more at different time points, while the remaining 299 gene sequences are approximately divided equally (152 versus 147) between the induced and repressed group, respectively. Using a clustering algorithm, seven time points after ultraviolet radiation exposure (Figure 2) were grouped according to the temporal occurrence of the altered expression for each sequence. The most closely related temporaUy were the 0.5, 1 and 2 hour time points, which formed the first wave of regulated genes and proteins. Also very similar were the 16 and 24 hour time points, forming the third wave of regulated genes and proteins. The four and eight hour time points were more similar to each other than to the other time points analyzed and, therefore, these were grouped together to form the second wave of regulated genes and proteins. Thus, in addition to identifying the genes and proteins, the expression of which are altered by ultraviolet radiation exposure, the invention also provides a temporal grouping of the responses in the first 24 hours after ultraviolet radiation exposure: the first response (from about 0.5 to about two hours), the second response (from about four to about eight hours), and the third response (from about 16 to about 24 hours). These first, second, and third responses have been variously defined as deta ed hereinabove. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method to detect exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation wherein the response comprises at least one of the foUowing: a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group. The ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation may be a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or a ceU selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, or a fibroblast ceU. The cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation comprising: ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm, ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 290 nm to about 320 nm, or ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 to about 440 nm, or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . The method may further comprise a response characterized by: the primary first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the primary second response occurring from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and/or the primary third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The response comprises an increase or decrease in expression level relative to the expression in a control cell not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. For these embodiments, the response is either the induced group response or the repressed group response. In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell, wherein the response, i.e., a pattern of expression, is established and the pattern indicates that the cell was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In this embodiment, the response is the altered expression of at least one of the foUowing: the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and the secondary third response group. In some embodiments thereof, the response comprises the modulated expression of at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight, or at least nine, or at least ten nucleic acid molecules, each of which is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% identical at the nucleotide sequence level to a polynucleotide sequence from the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and/or the secondary third response group. ' The invention also provides a method to detect exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU by expression array analysis. Expression array analysis comprises isolating RNA from the ceU post-ultraviolet radiation exposure, creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe that is complementary to the RNA, and an expression array substrate, analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set, and comparing the test expression array data set to a control expression array data set to identity alterations in the expression level. The levels of the pluraUty of RNA molecules are then analyzed to establish a response pattern of the cell, wherein exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation is indicated by the response pattern comprising at least one of the primary first response group, the primary second response group, and/or the primary third response group. In this method, the cellular response is sometimes characterized by the first response occurring from about 05 to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response occurring from about four to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response occurring from about 16 to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The response comprises an increase in expression level or a decrease in expression level. Another aspect of the invention provides methods for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. The method comprises measuring a plurality of protein molecules in the ceU for at least one time point, wherein a pattern of protein expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments thereof, this pattern of expression comprises a first response, a second response, and/or a third response. In one embodiment thereof, the first response is the tertiary first response previously described above; the second response is the tertiary second response previously described above; and the third response is the tertiary third response previously described above. The expression pattern is the tertiary first response, the tertiary second response group, or the tertiary third response group; the tertiary first response group and the tertiary second response group; the tertiary first response group and the tertiary third response group; the tertiary second response group and the tertiary third response group; or the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, and the tertiary third response group. In another embodiment, the method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of protein molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein a pattern of expression is established and the pattern is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments thereof, the first response is the quaternary first response previously described above; the second response is the quaternary second response previously described above; and the third response is the tertiary third response previously described above. The pattern of expression is the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, or the quaternary third response group; the quaternary first response group and the quaternary second response group; the quaternary first response group and the quaternary third response group; the quaternary second response group and the quaternary third response group; or the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, and the quaternary third response group. Preferably, the levels of a plurality of protein molecules are measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In other embodiments of the invention, the polypeptides encoded by the gene sequences identified by the invention as ultraviolet radiation-regulated may be detected and quantified by any of a number of methods weU known to those skUled in the art. These may include analytic biochemical methods such as electrophoresis, capiUary electrophoresis, high performance Uquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), hyperdiffusion chromatography, and the like, or various immuno logical methods such as fluid or gel precipitin reactions, immunodiffusion (single or double), immunoelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunofluorescent assays, Western blotting, and the like. As known by those skUled in the art, an ELISA assay (e.g., CoUgan, et al. (1991) Curr. Protocols Immunol. l(2):Chapter 6) includes preparing an antibody (preferably a monoclonal antibody) specific to a target protein. In addition, a reporter antibody is prepared against the monoclonal antibody. To the reporter antibody is attached a detectable reagent such as radioactive isotope, fluorescent tag or enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase). A sample is removed from a host and incubated on a sohd support (e.g. a polystyrene dish) that binds the proteins in the sample. Any free protein binding sites on the dish are then covered by incubating with a non-specific protein like bovine serum albumen. Next, the monoclonal antibodies attach to any target proteins attached to the polystyrene dish. All unbound monoclonal antibody is washed away with buffer. The reporter antibody is then placed in the dish resulting in binding of the reporter antibody to any monoclonal antibody bound to the target protein. Unattached reporter antibody is then washed out of the dish. The detectable reagent is then detected to identify the protein of interest bound by the antibody specific for the target protein. For example, when horseradish peroxidase is used as a detectable label, peroxidase substrate is added to the dish, and the amount of color developed in a given time period is a measurement of the amount of target protein present in a given volume of sample when compared against a standard curve. Other assays useful for the measurement of protein levels include: radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western blot analysis, and "sandwich" assays. In one representative sandwich assay, the target protein is passed over a sohd support and binds to target-specific antibody attached to the sohd support. A second antibody is then bound to the target protein. A third antibody which is labeled and specific to the second antibody is then passed over the soUd support and binds to the second antibody and an amount target protein can then be indirectly quantified. In a competition assay, antibodies specific to the target protein are attached to a solid support and labeled target protein and a sample derived from the host are passed over the solid support. The amount of label detected, for example, by liquid scintillation chromatography can be correlated to a quantity of target protein in the sample. The term "quantifying" when used in the context of quantifying transcription levels of a gene can refer to absolute or relative quantification. Absolute quantification may be accomplished by inclusion of known concentration(s) of one or more target nucleic acids and referencing the hybridization intensity of unknown nucleic acids with the known target nucleic acids (e.g., through generation of a standard curve). Alternatively, relative quantification can be accomplished by comparison of hybridization signals between two or more genes, or between two or more treatments, to quantify the changes in hybridization intensity and, by implication, the changes in the transcription level. A similar approach may be taken with protein quantification. In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation by screening for a response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis. The method comprises: (1) measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a test pattern of expression; and (2) comparing the test pattern of expression to the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. If the pattern of expression for the ceU is substantiaUy similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the ceU was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation by screening for a response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis. The method comprises: (1) measuring the levels of a pluraUty of proteins in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a test pattern of expression; and (2) comparing the test pattern of expression to the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. If the pattern of expression for the cell is substantially sirn ar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the cell was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. B. Screening Methods for the Identification of Compounds that Modulate a Response of a Cell to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure The invention includes a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. This screening method comprises contacting a cell with a compound, exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce a response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell after ultraviolet radiation exposure. Any change in the first, second, and/or third response to ultraviolet radiation indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Measurement of the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules may be done at one or several time points post-ultraviolet radiation exposure. The term "compound" includes both organic molecules and inorganic molecules. The term compound also encompasses proteins, nucleic acid molecules, carbohydrates, lipids, and combinations thereof. As one skUled in the art recognizes, there are many ways in which a cell may be "contacted" with a compound. Contact may be in vivo or in vitro. For example, the compound may be placed in a carrier Uquid medium, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or tissue culture media, and when ceUs are incubated in this media, the compound contacts or touches the cell. Alternatively, contact may be through a cream or a gel which is applied topicaUy. The ceU contacted with the compound is a ceU in a culture, a ceU in an isolated tissue, or a ceU in an organism, such as a skin cell (epidermal or dermal). Alternatively, a ceU may be selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. The ceU is exposed to ultraviolet radiation consisting of ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm, ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm, ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm, or a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . The response of the cell is characterized by at least one of the foUowing: a primary first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation; a primary second response occurring from about four to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a primary third response occurring from about 16 to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The pattern of expression comprises an increase or decrease in expression level. For these embodiments, the response comprises either the induced response or the repressed response, or both the induced and the repressed response. Preferably, the screening method provides a compound that modulates the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation in which the response is the altered expression of at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six, or at least seven, or at least eight, or at least nine, or at least ten nucleic acid molecules, each of which is at least 90%, or at least 91%, or at least 92%, or at least 93%, or at least 94%, or at least 95%, or at least 96%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or 100% identical at the nucleotide sequence level to a polynucleotide sequence from at least the secondary first response group, the secondary second response group, and/or the secondary third response group. Preferably, the screening method measures the levels of the pluraUty of RNAs by an expression array analysis. This analysis includes isolating RNA from the cell for at least one time point post-ultraviolet radiation exposure, creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between the labeled probe that is complementary to the isolated RNA and an expression array substrate, and analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set. The test and control data sets are then compared to identify a modulation of the response of the cell exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The modulation indicates that the compound modulates the response of a ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The types of cells exposed to the radiation, as well as the ultraviolet radiation energy level of the radiation, are the same as those described above. In some embodiments, the cellular response is characterized by the secondary first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the secondary second response occurring from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the secondary third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other various embodiments of the method described above include methods wherein "altered expression" comprises an increase in expression level; or wherein "altered expression" comprises a decrease in expression level. In an alternative aspect, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the cell is a cell in a culture, tissue, or organism such as skin cell (epidermal or dermal). For example, the cell is a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, or a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also provides an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. The invention also provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the ceU is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell by expression array analysis. This method comprises isolating RNA from the cell post ultraviolet radiation exposure, creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate. An analysis of the levels of the pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU establishes an expression response pattern of the ceU. Exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation is indicated by an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (2) a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (3) a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a cell in a culture, tissue, or organism such as skin cell (epidermal or dermal). For example, the ceU is a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, or a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In another embodiment, the method thereof comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the ceU for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In an alternative aspect, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a pluraUty of proteins in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a transcription factor protein, a signal transducing protein, and a mitochondrial protein; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a secreted growth factor, a cytokine, and a chemokine; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of an actin-binding protein, a desmosomal protein, a tubulin protein, and a cornified envelope protein. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the ceU is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in protein level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. In another embodiment, the invention provides another method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation. This method comprises measuring the levels of a plurality of protein molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein that is at least 90% identical to a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. In various embodiments related to creation of a protein expression profile of a ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the pluraUty of proteins expressed in the presumptively exposed ceU. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the following: (1) a first response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (2) a second response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (3) a third response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cornified envelope protein; and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the ceU for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the first response, the second response, and/or the third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In one embodiment of the method thereof, the ceU is contacted with the compound in vitro. In another embodiment of the method thereof, the ceU is contacted with the compound in vivo. In other embodiments of the method thereof, the cell is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The invention also comprises an embodiment of the method thereof wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. Thus, in one particular embodiment, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group increases. In another embodiment thereof, the expression level of a member of the first response group, and/or second response group, and/or third response group decreases. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression. This pattern comprises a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary first response group; a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary second response group; and a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the secondary third response group. The levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the ceU are measured for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure, and a change in the altered pattern of expression of the first response group, the second response group, and/or the third response group indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In embodiments of the method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the ceU is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In yet another aspect of the invention, a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound and exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response; the response being an altered pattern of expression. This method comprises isolating RNA from the cell post ultraviolet radiation exposure; creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complimentary to the RNA and an expression array substrate; analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set; and comparing the test expression array data set to the response of the ceU exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the absence of the drug, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the primary first response, the primary second response, and/or the primary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In embodiments of the method thereof, the cell is a skin cell (epidermal or dermal) or the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other embodiments of the method thereof are included in the invention. For example, in one embodiment, ceU contact with the compound is topical contact, or in another embodiment, the compound modulates the ceUular response by inhibiting ultraviolet radiation-induced RNA expression, or in another embodiment, the compound inhibits the ultraviolet radiation-repressed expression. In these latter two ' embodiments, ultraviolet radiation-induced expression is the "induced response group" and ultraviolet radiation-repressed expression is the "repressed response group." Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a tertiary first response group, (2) a tertiary second response group, and (3) a tertiary third response group; and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the tertiary first response, the tertiary second response, and or the tertiary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments of the screening method thereof, the ceU is contacted with the compound in vitro or in vivo. In other embodiments of the screening method thereof, the ceU is a skin ceU (epidermal or dermal) or the ceU is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the screening method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 • hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In various embodiments related to screening method thereof, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the plurality of proteins in a cell in determining the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation in the presence and absence of the compound. Another aspect of the invention relates to a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. The screening method comprises contacting the cell with the compound and exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response, the response being an altered pattern of expression comprising the foUowing: (1) a quaternary first response group; (2) a quaternary second response group; and (3) a quaternary third response group; and measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure. A change in the altered pattern of expression of the quaternary first response, the quaternary second response, and/or the quaternary third response indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In various embodiments of the screening method, the cell is contacted with the compound in vitro or in vivo. The ceU is a cell in a culture, tissue, or organism, such as skin cell (epidermal or dermal). The cell may be a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. Embodiments of the method also vary by the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation and/or the total amount of ultraviolet radiation to which the cell is exposed. For example, in various embodiments, the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm; or the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . Other embodiments of the screening method thereof vary according to the time period post-ultraviolet radiation exposure defining the first response, second response, and third response. In one embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In another embodiment, the first response is from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the second response is from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and the third response is from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In various embodiments related to screening method thereof, ELISA is used to measure the levels of the plurality of proteins in a ceU in determining the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation in the presence and absence of the compound. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising: contacting the ceU with the compound; measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted ceU; and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the RNA found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the following: a primary first response group, a primary second response group, and a primary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one RNA molecule is substantiaUy similar to the altered expression found for the RNA molecule in the primary first response, the primary second response, or the primary third response indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising: contacting the ceU with the compound; measuring a level of at least one RNA molecule in the contacted cell; and determining that the level of at least one RNA molecule in the cell after exposure to the compound is substantially similar to the level of the RNA found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the foUowing: a secondary first response group, a secondary second response group, and a secondary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one RNA molecule is substantially similar to the altered expression found for the RNA molecule in the secondary first response, the secondary second response, or the secondary third response indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the cell to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising: contacting the cell with the compound; measuring a level of at least one protein in the contacted cell; and determining that the level of at least one protein in the ceU after exposure to the compound is substantiaUy similar to the level of the protein found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the following: a tertiary first response group, a tertiary second response group, and a tertiary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one protein is substantiaUy similar to the altered expression found for the protein in the tertiary first response group, the tertiary second response group, or the tertiary third response group indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the cell to ultraviolet radiation. Another aspect of the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that simulates the response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, comprising: contacting the ceU with the compound; measuring a level of at least one protein in the contacted ceU; and determining that the level of at least one protein in the ceU after exposure to the compound is substantiaUy similar to the level of the protein found in the ceU in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure being characterized by altered expression of the following: a quaternary first response group, a quaternary second response group, and a quaternary third response group. A determination that the level of expression of at least one protein is substantially similar to the altered expression found for the protein in the quaternary first response group, the quaternary second response group, or the quaternary third response group indicates that the compound simulates exposure of the cell to ultraviolet radiation. In a further aspect, the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound; exposing the ceU to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response; and measuring the levels of a pluraUty of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure by gene array expression analysis. A change in the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In a further aspect, the invention provides a screening method for the detection of a compound that modulates a response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis. The method comprises contacting the ceU with the compound; exposing the cell to ultraviolet radiation to induce the response; and measuring the levels of a pluraUty of proteins in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure by gene array expression analysis. A change in the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure indicates that the compound modulates the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure. C. Therapeutic Methods The invention provides therapeutic methods for the treatment or prevention of premature aging of the skin and of skin cancers and other disorders of an individual. The ultraviolet radiation-regulated nucleic acid molecules and proteins, according to the invention, may be used in the design of such therapeutics for an individual. As used herein, the term "individual" refers to a mammal, and more preferably refers to a human. In one embodiment of the invention, therapeutic treatment is accomplished through known gene therapy techniques. Gene deUvery vehicles suitable for gene therapy appUcations are weU known to those skilled in the art. For example, a gene deUvery vehicle may preferably be a viral vector and, more preferably, a retroviral, an adeno viral, an adeno-associated viral (AAV), a herpes viral, or an alphavirus vector. The viral vector can also be an astrovirus, a coronavirus, a orthomyxovirus, a papovavirus, a paramyxovirus, a parvovirus, a picornavirus, a poxvirus, or a togavirus viral vector (JoUy (1994) Cancer Gene Ther. 1:51-64; Kimura (1994) Hum. Gene Ther. 5:845-852; Connelly (1995) Hum. Gene Ther. 6:185-193; and Kaplitt (1994) Nat. Genet. 6:148-153). DeUvery of the gene therapy constructs of this invention into ceUs is not limited to the above-mentioned viral vectors. Other deUvery methods and media may be employed such as, for example, nucleic acid expression vectors, polycationic condensed DNA linked or unlinked to killed adenovirus alone (e.g., see Curiel (1992) Hum. Gene Ther. 3:147-154); Ugand linked DNA (e.g., see, Wu (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:16985-16987); deposition of photopolymerized hydrogel materials, hand-held gene transfer particle gun (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,149,655); ionizing radiation (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,206,152 and PCT Patent Publication No. WO 92/11033); or nucleic charge neutraUzation or fusion with cell membranes. Additional approaches are described in Philip ((1994) Mol. Cell Biol. 14:2411-2418) and in Woffendin ((1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 91:1581-1585). Briefly, the sequence of interest can be inserted into conventional vectors that contain conventional control sequences for high level expression, and then be incubated with synthetic gene transfer molecules such as polymeric DNA-binding cations like polylysine, protamine, and albumin, linked to ceU targeting ligands such as asialoorosomucoid, as described in Wu et al (/. Biol Chem. (1987) 262:4429- 4432), insulin as described in Hucked (Biochem. Pharmacol. (1990) 40:253-263), galactose as described in Plank (Bioconjugate Chem. (1992) 3:533-539), lactose, or transferrin. Naked DNA may also be employed. Exemplary naked DNA introduction methods are described in PCT Patent PubUcation No. WO 90/11092 and U.S. Patent No. 5,580,859. Uptake efficiency may be improved using biodegradable latex beads. DNA coated latex beads are efficiently transported into ceUs after endocytosis initiation by the beads. The method may be improved further by treatment of the beads to increase hydrophobicity and thereby facilitate disruption of the endosome and release of the DNA into the cytoplasm. Liposomes that can act as gene deUvery vehicles are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,422,120, PCT Patent PubUcation Nos. WO 95/13796, WO 94/23697, and WO 91/144445, and EP Patent No. 524,968. Potential target ceUs for gene therapy include skin cells (epidermal and dermal) and, more specifically, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and/or fibroblast ceUs. Gene therapy methods specific for epidermal cells and fibroblasts are known in the art (see Ohsawa et al. (2000) J. Dermatol 27(4):244-251; Ina et al. (2000) Acta. Derm. Venereol 80(1): 10-13; Bevan et al. (1999) Biotechnol Genet. Eng. Rev. 16:231-256; and PeUegrini et al. (1998) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 36(6):778-790). The invention provides herein the identification of many nucleic acid and protein molecules regulated by ultraviolet radiation exposure. Any one or more of these molecules may be targeted for use in gene therapy protocols. Among the nucleic acids regulated by ultraviolet exposure are genes which may be grouped into several distinct and clearly demarcated functional categories: 1) induced DNA metabolism and repair genes; 2) signal transducing proteins and transcription factors induced and/or suppressed at all experimental time points; 3) secreted growth factors, chemokines and cytokines at the intermediate time points; 4) induced and surpressed structural proteins; and 5) mitochondrial proteins, which are among the first induced in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In addition, ultraviolet radiation regulates genes for proteins involved in the translation machinery, RNA processing, Upid, amino acid and urea metaboUsm, integral membrane and cell surface proteins, proteases and their inhibitors, and proteins that could not be classified into those categories, as well as several unidentified ESTs. 1) Proteins Involved in DNA MetaboUsm and Repair One of the most notorious effects of ultraviolet radiation is DNA damage and the resulting mutagenesis as a result thereof. In mammalian cells, different DNA damaging agents activate different repair processes (e.g., Wang, et al. (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10(3) :416); and Wang et al. (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:240-7)). Ultraviolet radiation-caused DNA lesions are repaired primarily by the nucleotide excision repair system (NER) (Lowndes, et al. (2000) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10:17- 25; Batty et al (2000) Gene 241:193-204). Ultraviolet radiation induces the expression of ERCC4, a protein essential for repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (Table 2). Several other repair enzymes are present in keratinocytes, but not further induced by ultraviolet radiation, including excision repair protein ERCC1, mismatch repair protein hmlhl, as weU as XP-C, XP-G, XP-E and XRCC1. Ultraviolet radiation also induces genes for several enzymes that produce building blocks for DNA synthesis, including guanylate kinase, nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, cytidine deaminase and transaldolase. Similarly, ultraviolet radiation-induces the expression of the histones H2A.2, H2B.1, H2A.X, Hlx, and H2A.Z, which may play a role in protecting nascent DNA from damage. Most of the DNA repair proteins are present in sufficient amounts in keratinocytes even before the ultraviolet radiation treatment, but ceUs produce more of the dNTPs and histones to buUd and protect the newly repaired DNA after ultraviolet radiation exposure. Ultraviolet radiation regulates the expression of DNA damage-inducible proteins gadd45, cyclin Gl and BTG2. These proteins play a role in cell cycle arrest, which allows keratinocytes to repair their DNA, together with sperrrύdine/spermine ni-acetyltransferase, and several growth controlling oncogenes (Jin, et al. (2000) /. Biol. Chem. 275:16602-16608; Cortes, et al. (2000) Mol. Carcinog. 27:57-64; van Lookeren Campagne, et al. (1998) J. Neurosci. Res. 53:279-296; and Alhonen et al. (1999) Mol Pharmacol. 55:693-698). As expected, the regulation of these proteins is often complex. For example, cyclin Gl expression is suppressed at four and eight hours, but induced at 24 hours after ultraviolet radiation exposure (Table 2). Presumably, these proteins coordinate the DNA repair process with the ceU cycle. 2) Signal transducers and transcription factors Signaling proteins regulated by ultraviolet radiation in keratinocytes have very complex patterns of regulation. Some signaling proteins are induced, others are suppressed, some are first induced and then suppressed, and for some just the opposite is the case. Reflecting the variety of processes affected by ultraviolet radiation, they may be grouped into several categories. CeU surface receptors (Table 3), with the exception of the urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are suppressed by ultraviolet radiation. These include IL-4-R, TNFαR, TGF-βllR, T-cell receptor active β-chain, LDL receptor, the v-erbA related ear-2 receptor, cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) and novel growth factor receptor. Receptor associated proteins are also generally suppressed. These include Fas-binding protein (DAXX), HM74, pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1, and SHB, which is an SH2 containing protein. An EGFR associated protein, BTG1 (Tob), is induced by ultraviolet radiation, while a close relative (BTG2 Job2, TIS21, PC3) is suppressed, although both are anti proUferative. In contrast, Ugands to various receptors, growth factors and cytokines, are induced four and eight hours after iUumination (see below). Importantly, ultraviolet radiation regulates about a dozen of the small GTP- binding proteins and their associated factors (Table 3). Rad, a member of ras family, Ly-GDI, RGL2 and G(i) protein subunit are induced by ultraviolet radiation at various time points, whUe ADP-ribosylation factors hARFl and hARF6, Rab GDI, rab2 YPTI-related member of ras family (aU involved in vesicular transport) and tuberin TSC2, which is a GAP factor, are aU suppressed at various time points. Ultraviolet radiation also suppresses, at various time points, several less easily classified signaling proteins, including the progesterone receptor-associated immunophUin FKBP54 and α-4, a rapamycin-sensitive pathway protein, as weU as two heat shock proteins, heat shock protein 40 and heat shock protein 70, and an HSP- associated protein (Table 3). Most intracellular signaling processes involve protein phosphorylation and, therefore, protein kinases and phosphatases are among the regulated genes (Table 3). The dual specificity phosphatase CL100, which is the human homolog of murine MKPI that plays a role in shutting down the ultraviolet radiation-mediated signal transduction, is also induced by ultraviolet radiation (Hirsch et al. (1997) /. Biol. Chem. 272:4568-4575). Ultraviolet radiation induces at various tune points three P NG3 family proteins, MAPKAP kinase (3pK) and cystic fibrosis antigen, which is a protein kinase inhibitor. On the other hand, the foUowing kinases are suppressed at various time points: G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6, Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-Raf-1), casein kinases CKI-α and CKTI-α, ERK3, LDVIK-2, testis-specific protein kinase α-subunit, H-pim-1 and a raf related protein pks/a-raf. Also suppressed are the phosphatases PP2A,-Cα, PPlγ and PTP1. Among the genes induced at early time points are several transcription factors (Table 3). The most highly induced in the first two hours are immediate early genes junb, junD, and c-fos, ETR101, A20 and GOS24 (a/k/a TTP, Nup475, Zfp36 and TIS11 (Heximer SP, Forsdyke DRI)). Their induction is short-Uved and by four hours most and, by 16 hours, all are either expressed to background levels, or even suppressed. junB, junD, and c-fos are genes encoding the API family of proteins. These are accountable for inducing many of the known ultraviolet radiation-activated genes, such as matrix metaUopro teases. API proteins are activated by ultraviolet radiation in epidermis in vivo and may be responsible for the sun damage in humans. Their function is inhibited by retinoids. The skin-specific isoform of the retinoic acid receptor, RARy is suppressed by ultraviolet radiation. Four transcription factors are first induced and then suppressed by ultraviolet radiation, Nup475 (a/k/a TTP, Zfp36 and TIS11), HRY, XBP-1 and in EGR 1 (a/k a Krox-24), another immediate early gene. The motif of increasing one and suppressing another member of an antagonistically coupled transcription pair, similar to APl-RARγ, NFκB-IκB and C/EBPp-CHOP, is of note in the induction of MMI an inhibitor of c-Myc and strong and persistent suppression of c-Myc itself. This is consistent with the role of c-Myc in deregulating cell growth, promoting genomic instability, sensitizing to apoptosis, and inhibiting gadd34, gadd45 and gaddl53, DNA damage induced growth arrest proteins (Amundson et al. (1998) Oncogene, 17:2149-54); Felsher et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA), 96:3940-4; Pelengaris, et al (2000) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 10:100-5). Epidermis-targeted over-expression of c-Myc causes benign but pre- malignant and extensive epidermal proUferation, which is not beneficial in the context of ultraviolet radiation induced DNA damage. Ultraviolet radiation suppresses NFKB, while inducing the IκB-like protein. This is particularly interesting because NFKB transcription factor is activated by ultraviolet radiation. The suppression of its synthesis and induction of its inhibitor may serve to attenuate the initial ultraviolet radiation signal. This is similar to the induction of MKP1, a dual specificity kinase that attenuates the JNK pathway. Similarly, C/EBPβ is induced, while its inhibitors CHOP (GADD153) and C/EBPε are suppressed. At the late time points, prominently induced are three of the components of RNA pol 11, namely the largest subunit, RP135 and RPB10, as weU as tafll30 a TATA-box binding protein associated factor, priming the ceUs for enhanced transcription. On the other hand, transcription elongation factors ELL2 and SII are suppressed by ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation also induces ALL-1 and PML-2, two transcription factors made oncogenic by translocations. Conversely, two homeobox proteins, TGIF and HB9 are suppressed. Several additional transcription factors are suppressed by ultraviolet radiation, including ets-2, BTEB2, SRF, ZFY, ERF-2, HLH-1R21, HTF10, AREB6 and others. AP2, a transcription factor responsible for synthesis of keratinocyte basal cell markers, is suppressed by the ultraviolet radiation. Apparently, when responding to ultraviolet radiation, the keratinocytes abandon the basal cell phenotype and instead switch to an activated phenotype, more similar to wound-healing or psoriatic keratinocytes. 3) Secreted polypeptides. growth factors, cytokines and chemokines In the intermediate response the most prominent group of regulated genes are secreted proteins, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines (Table 5). In particular, members of the IL-8 family are induced: IL-8, gro-a, gro-0, and MIP2-0 (Geiser et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:15419-24; Kemeny et al. (1995) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol 106:351-6). These peptides are chemotactic and activating for neutrophils, basophils and macrophages and, presumably, play a role inviting inflammatory cells into ultraviolet radiation-damaged tissue. Importantly, they also activate melanocytes, which may initiate tanning in response to ultraviolet radiation. Heparin binding growth factor (HB-EGF) is induced, while amphiregulin (AR) is suppressed. Both are activators of the EGF receptor and, presumably, autocrine factors for keratinocyte activation. Additional secreted proteins, such as 14 kD lectin, apo-E and CTGF are also induced. Also induced is SCYLP, a peptidyl- prolyl isomerase, which may play a role in maturation of collagens and other proline- rich extraceUular matrix proteins implicated in photoaging. The secreted peptides serve to alert the surrounding tissue that damage has occurred. The effects are paracrine, activating melanocytes, endothehal cells, neutrophils and fibroblasts, as well as autocrine, alerting keratinocytes themselves. Several of the ultraviolet radiation-induced genes, including J -8, have previously been shown to be inducible by interferon-γ (Fujisawa et al. (1997) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 17:347-353; Aragane et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 94:11490-11495). These genes are induced at later time points after ultraviolet irradiation and include p27, 17-kD/15-kD protein, IRF 7A, 1-81 gene, hPA28-β, interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 and STAT 5. These results may indicate a nexus between ultraviolet radiation and interferon-7 signaling. 4) Structural Proteins Among the structural proteins regulated by ultraviolet radiation, prominent are cytoskeletal proteins, in particular actin binding proteins (ABPs), desmosomal components, and three tubulin subunits, as well as components of the cornified envelope, markers of keratinocyte differentiation (Table 4). Actin affects the shape of the plasma membrane, aUows ceUular motUity and maintains cell shape and polarity. To accomplish these tasks actin coUaborates with approximately 60 different ABPs. The various ABPs work cooperatively or competitively with one another to aid in actin activity (Kreis and Vale, Guidebook to the Cytoskeletal and Motor Proteins. 2nd ed., New York: Oxford University Press (1999)). The ABPs induced early by ultraviolet irradiation are the genes encoding gelsoϋn and troponin. GelsoUn nucleates actin polymerization, but at high Ca 2+ concentrations it severs actin filaments, and is then released to aUow the free actin ends to polymerize. Accordingly, gelsoϋn causes cytoplasmic streaming of large cells, a process that maintains an even distribution of metaboUtes throughout the cytoplasm and changes the ceU shape. Mouse cells lacking gelsolin exhibit a deficiency in cell motUity (Barkalow et al. (1996) J. Cell Biol. 134:389-399; Witke et al. (1995) Cell 81:41-51). Liquefaction of the ceU cortex by severing proteins also allows for the proper membrane contact and fusion of membrane-bound vesicles 9-1- within the cell. Troponin, which is also activated by Ca binding, is one of the proteins that cause the shortening of muscle fibers in muscle cells. ABP genes induced at the later time points include MacMARCKS, myosin light chain, Arp 2/3, filamin, tropomyosin, thymosin and smoothehn. MacMARCKS, induced four hours after Ulumination, is a homolog of MARCKS, which binds and cross links filamentous actin. MacMARCKS regulates actin structure during ceU movement, phagocytosis, membrane trafficking and cell-cell adhesion. The myosin light chain can regulate the ATPase activity of myosin's heavy chain and is thus able to control the interaction of the myosin head with actin filaments. The entire myosin I protein moves vesicles along the actin filament, whUe myosin 11 sUdes the actin filaments past one another. The protein complex Arp2/3 nucleates actin filament formation, cross-Unks filaments into networks, and protects filament ends from depolymerization. Filamin cross-links actin filaments and causes them to form a gel. Tropomyosin binds along the length of actin filaments, increasing their strength and changing their affinity for other proteins. Thymosin binds to actin monomers, inhibits actin polymerization, and may play a role in preventing apoptosis (Niu et al. (2000) CellAdhes. Commun. 7:311-320). In contrast to the induced genes, the gene encoding B-spectrin is suppressed by ultraviolet radiation in the early stages after iUumination. B-spectrin is a component of spectrin, which provides rigidity and stability to the ceU membrane by controUing the distribution of integral membrane proteins, and binds actin to hold it in place. Adducin expression is suppressed by ultraviolet radiation. Adducin caps and bundles actin and forms contacts between spectrin and actin. The overaU picture of the regulation of the cytoskeletal proteins by ultraviolet radiation shows an initial de-polymerization, softening of the actin cytoskeleton in the first two hours, which is foUowed by a re-polymerization of the actin filaments and reconstitution of the cytoskeletal network (Maekawa et al. (1996) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 105:389-396; Malorni, et al. (1994) J. Photochem. Photobiol 26:265-270). Ultraviolet radiation also suppresses the expression of transgelin, a LIM protein and myosin heavy chain. In addition, tubuϋns Al, B and B2 and keratins K13 and K19 are induced, all at the later time points after Ulumination. K17 is already expressed at high levels in cultured keratinocytes, and further induction by ultraviolet radiation was not observed. Ultraviolet radiation, under the conditions used herein, does not appear to significantly regulate any other keratin. The most strongly induced genes overaU are keratinocyte differentiation markers, components of the cornified envelope. These include four of the small proline rich proteins SPRR1, 2A, 2B and 21, as well as involucrin, desmoglein III and S100 calcium-binding proteins A13 and A12. Only the small prohne rich proteins were shown to be induced by ultraviolet radiation previously (Kartasova et al (1988) Mol. Cell Biol 8:2195-2203; Gibbs et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18:4401-4407). Of the epidermal differentiation markers, only the cornified envelope components are induced, while keratins and filaggrin are not. These proteins are aU encoded in the epidermal marker locus on human chromosome 1, and are induced at later time points, i.e., 16 and 24 hours post-Ulumination. None of the differentiation markers appear to be suppressed by ultraviolet radiation. Apparently, one of the epidermal responses to ultraviolet radiation is enhancement of the stratum corneum production, which augments the dead, protective layer of skin. 5) Mitochondrial Proteins Among the genes that are strongly induced immediately after ultraviolet radiation exposure are several mitochondrial proteins (Table 6). Specifically, cytochrome c-1 is induced in the first hour. At the 24 hour time point, its synthesis returns to the background levels, and is even suppressed. Cytochrome c oxidase subunits Vb, VUa-L, VUb, and cytochrome b light chain are also induced early after the Ulumination. In contrast, OXAl Hs, a cytochrome oxidase assembly protein, is suppressed. Several other mitochondrial proteins, including mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ubiquinone-binding protein, mitochondrial ATP synthase, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein, and an electron transfer flavoprotein, are strongly induced. It appears that ceUs, upon Ulumination, sense a need for additional energy and induce mitochondrial proteins to address this need. A further indication that ultraviolet radiation Ulumination leads to a requirement for additional energy comes from the fact that ultraviolet radiation induces several of the energy producing enzymes. These include α-enolase, creatine kinase-B, pyruvate dehydrogenase and a proton-ATPase-like protein. Conversely, gluconeogenic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gamma- aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, as weU as transporters for lactate and pyruvate and for glucose are suppressed. Moreover, enzymes for Upid synthesis are suppressed, including ATP-citrate lyase, squalene epoxidase, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase, stearoyl-coenzyme-A desaturase and methyl sterol oxidase. Additionally, fatty acids omega-hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450HKV, is also suppressed at the earhest time point. Strong inhibition of Upid neogenesis seems in discrepancy with the induction of the cornified envelope proteins because both the Upid and the proteinaceous components contribute to the formation of stratum corneum. The response of keratinocyte mitochondrial genes to ultraviolet radiation is quite different from the response of the mitochondrial genes in lymphoma cells to ionizing radiation (Voehringer, et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, (USA) 97:2680- 2685). Comparing two ceU lines that differ only in their responses to ionizing radiation, Voehringer et al. found that the resistant ceU line expressed high levels of mitochondrial proteins fructose- 1, 6-biphosphatase, VDAC, fatty acid binding proteins and uncoupling proteins. These are increased even further by the ionizing radiation treatment. While the highly expressed proteins seem to protect the resistant cells from apoptosis, the sensitive cells lacking these proteins are not protected and die. In the assays described herein, these proteins do not change significantly in response to ultraviolet radiation in keratinocytes. The keratinocytes, based on the ultraviolet radiation dose, may either survive or apoptose and increasing these proteins would predispose them to survive, which is a potentiahy dangerous response. Mitochondrial proteins suppressed by ultraviolet radiation include aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase), and UCP, a thermogenic uncoupling protein. These proteins are not immediately involved in energy production. Uroporphyrinogen synthetase is induced by LIV, while uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, the enzyme degrading uroporphyrinogen, is suppressed, indicating that the mitochondria may require elevated levels of uroporphyrinogen and perhaps other Fe-binding proteins. The changes in mitochondrial proteins are very important in epidermal response to ultraviolet radiation and probably have several functions. These include a burst of respiration proteins to provide additional energy needed to cope with the ultraviolet radiation-caused damage, and an increase of enzymes that remove reactive oxygen species as a detoxifying process. In addition, given the mitochondrial role in controlUng apoptosis, irradiated keratinocytes may prepare their mitochondria to initiate apoptosis. Ultraviolet radiation eUcits induction of several antioxidant-detoxifying proteins. SpecificaUy, metaUothionein and copper transport protein HAHl, two thiol- specific antioxidant proteins, as well as aldehyde reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 are induced (Hanada et al. (1998) J. Invest. Dermatol. 111:582-585). On the other hand, isoforms of MT, metaUothionein 1 L and aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDI-18 are specificaUy suppressed. HHCPA78 homolog, a thioredoxin interacting protein, is suppressed with thioredoxin reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. The foUowing examples Ulustrate the preferred modes of making and practicing the present invention but are not meant to limit the scope of the invention since alternative methods may be utiUzed to obtain similar results. EXAMPLES Example 1: Identification of Gene and Protein Sequences Regulated by Exposure to Ultraviolet-B Radiation A. Keratinocyte Culture and Ultraviolet-B Radiation Cultures of epidermal keratinocytes from human foreskin were initiated using 3T3 feeder layers as described (Simon, et al. (1984) Cell 36:827-834) and then stored frozen in liquid N 2 . Once thawed, the keratinocytes were grown without feeder cells in defined serum-free keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) supplemented with 0.05g/l bovine pituitary extract, 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (KGM from Gibco-BRL (RockvUle, MD). The keratinocytes were maintained at 37°C, in 5% C0 2 . The medium was replaced every two days. The cells were expanded through three passages for the experiments. They were trypsinized with 0.025% trypsin, which was neutraUzed with 0.5 mg/ml trypsin inhibitor. Serum was avoided because it can promote keratinocyte differentiation. For aU experiments, third-passage keratinocytes were used one day after reaching confluence. For ultraviolet-B radiation, the Stratagene 2000 illuminator specially equipped with FG15T Ught bulb was used (Strategene, LaJoUa, CA). This light produces maximum output in the ultraviolet-B radiation wavelength range. The medium was removed from the cell cultures, and keratinocytes were irradiated in open dishes with eight mJ/cm 2 . Immediately after the ultraviolet-B radiation exposure, the same medium was replaced to the cultures. Control ceUs were subjected to the identical procedure but were only sham-irradiated. The protocol was chosen for two reasons: first, confluent keratinocytes more closely resemble skin than sub-confluent ones; and second, nearly identical conditions from culture to culture were reliably and reproducibly achieved. The dose of ultraviolet-B radiation exposure was optimized by treating keratinocyte cultures with increasing amounts of radiation, replacing the medium and determining the cell viability 24 hours after the treatment. A dose of ultraviolet-B radiation was chosen so that at least 10%, but less that 20%, of cells were killed by ultraviolet-B radiation exposure; specifically, 8 J/M 2 was determined to be optimal. Keratinocyte cultures were irradiated with a single 8 J/M 2 dose of ultraviolet- B radiation and the ceUs were harvested 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours later. As controls, mock-irradiated cells were harvested 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the treatment. The one hour mock-irradiated culture was then used as control for the 0.5, 1 and 2 hour time points, whUe all the later time points had cognate controls. B. Isolation of Total RNA and Probe Synthesis CeUs were harvested by scraping the culture dish. Kits from Qiagen (Chatsworth, CA) were used to prepare the RNA according to the manufacturer's protocols. Qiashredders were used to homogenize cell lysates with centrifugation at 1800g for two minutes. RNA was extracted using RNeasy Midi Kit. DNA was removed with on-column DNAse digestion using Qiagen RNAses-free DNAse Set. After the RNAs were prepared, but before they were used for gene array hybridization, the RNAs were tested in Northern blot hybridizations with a probe corresponding to the c-fos gene. For Northern blotting, 10 μg RNA was loaded on a 1.0% agarose- formaldehyde gel and run at 100 V for three to four hours. The RNA was transferred overnight to a nylon membrane (Amersham Life Science, Piscataway, NJ) and cross- linked with the Stratalinker (Stratagene, LaJolla, CA). The probes for c-fos and IL-6 were synthesized using reverse transcription-PCR from keratinocyte RNA and the RT- PCR kit from Ambion (Austin, TX). Additional probes were derived from cDNA clones obtained from the American Type Culture CoUection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Each clone was sequenced from both 5' and 3' ends to confirm its identity. The 32 P labeled probes were generated using [ 32 P] dCTP (3000 Ci/mmol Dupont (NEN, Boston, MA) and the Multiprime DNA labeling system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) and purified using D-Salt ExceUulose Plastic Desalting Columns (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Hybridizations were performed using ExpressHyb solution (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) at 68°C for one hour. Membranes were washed with 2x SSC, 0.05 % SDS solution, with continuous shaking three times for 30 minutes at room temperature, and with O.lx SSC, 0.1 % SDS at 50°C for 40 minutes. The membrane was exposed to Kodak (Toronto, Canada) BIOMAX MS film at -80°C, and radiographs were scanned and analyzed with Multilmagine Light Cabinet Alphalmagine 2000 documentation and analysis system (Alpha Innotech Corporation, San Leandro, CA). The RNA levels were normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. As shown in Figure 1A, appropriate induction of expression of c-fos gene was observed, which provided justification for using the RNA samples in expression array hybridization studies. Subsequently, to confirm the results from the arrays, Northern blots were used to examine the expression of the regulated genes (Figure IB). A strong correlation between the array data and the blots for the genes shown was found. For the synthesis of probe for use with the gene array, eight micrograms of total RNA were reverse transcribed, amplified and labeled as previously described (Mahadevappa et al. (1999) J.A. Nature Biotechnol 17:1134-1136). As a result of the sequence of the primers used for reverse transcription, the resultant cDNA product contained an RNA polymerase promoter for use in the synthesis of cRNA probe to screen the gene array. C. Gene Array Hybridization Labeled cRNA was hybridized to the HU6800 array (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA) under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Arrays were washed, stained with anti-biotin streptavidin-phycoerythourin labeled antibody and scanned using the GeneChip system (Hewlett-Packard, Miami, FL). GeneChip 3.0 software to determine the expression of each gene. Intensity values were scaled by calculating the overaU signal for each array type. Differential expression was determined by calculating the ratio between signal intensity value from ultraviolet radiation exposed cells and control cells. To eliminate genes exhibiting potential false positive differential expression, only those genes that possessed a signal intensity of greater than 100 in any pair- wise comparison were selected. For data interpretation, the Cluster and Tree View software (available at http://rana.standford.edu/software) were used. First, the data were imported into the cluster and tree view software in tab-deUmited format. A data set containing the expression patterns of 311 regulated genes was clustered in two ways, based on the similarity of gene expression over the time course of 24 hours and based on the similarity between different time points. The clusters were observed using Tree View program. D. Northern Blot Analyses For Northern blotting, 10 μg RNA was loaded on a 1.0% agarose- formaldehyde gel and run at 100 V for three to four hours. The RNA was overnight transferred to a nylon membrane (Amersham Life Science, Piscataway, NJ) and cross- linked with a ultraviolet-C radiation Stratalinker (Stratagene, LaJoUa, CA). The probes for c-fos and IL-6 were synthesized using reverse transcription-PCR from keratinocyte RNA and the RT-PCR kit from Ambion, Austin, TX. Additional probes were derived from cDNA clones obtained from ATCC. Each clone was sequenced from both 5' and 3' ends to confirm its identity. The 32 P labeled probes were generated using [ 32 P] dCTP (3000 Ci mmol Dupont NEN and the Multiprime DNA labeling system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) and purified using D-Salt Excellulose Plastic Desalting Columns (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Hybridizations were performed using ExpressHyb solution (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) at 68°C for one hour. Membranes were washed with 2x SSC, 0.05 % SDS solution, with continuous shaking three times for 30 minutes at room temperature and with O.lx SSC, 0.1% SDS at 50°C for 40 minutes. The membrane was exposed to Kodak (Toronto, Canada) BIOMAX MS film at -80°C, and radiographs were scanned and analyzed with Multilmagine Light Cabinet Alphalmagine 2000 documentation and analysis system (Alpha Innotech Corp., San Leandro, CA). The RNA levels were normalized to GAPDH mRNA. E. Western Blot Analyses For preparation of the whole cell lysates, ceUs were washed with cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lysed in IPP buffer containing 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 M NaCL, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 10% glycerol, 1% triton X-100, 25 mM NaF, 10 mM ZnC12, 1 mM PMSF and 10 mg/ml leupeptin. The lysates were centrifuged at 1000 x g, for three minutes at 4°C. The protein concentration of each sample was determined with Bio-Rad Protein assay reagent. 50 μg of protein was loaded and separated on 10% or 20% SDS-polyacrylamide gel, transferred to Immobilon-P (polyvinyUdene diffuoride) membrane using a semi-dry transfer ceU (BioRad, Hercules, CA) and blocked in 5% BSA in TBST (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20). The membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C in 2.0% BSA in TBST, and then washed extensively with TBST, and incubated with 1:5000 anti-rabbit or anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)- conjugated secondary antibodies (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ). Proteins were visuahzed with the ECL detection kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ). The equivalent loading of proteins in each well was ascertained using Ponceau staining of the membrane. The primary antibody specific for Cox-2 protein was purchased from Transduction Labs (Lexington, KY), for GRO-beta from Leinco Technologies (St. Louis, MO), for Jun-D from Abeam (Cambridge, UK), for B -8, C-MYC, MCL-1 and Cytochrome C from Research Diagnostics (Flanders, NJ). The primary antibodies specific for Amphiregulin Ab-2, HDJ-2, Involucrin and AB-1 antibodies were purchased from NeoMarkers (Fremont, CA). As demonstrated in Figure 3, protein extracts were prepared from irradiated keratinocytes and harvested at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. These samples were screened with antibodies specific for the proteins c-Myc, c-jun, COX-2, involucrin, gro-β, and the LDL receptor. Antibody specific for JNK1 protein was used as a control for gel loading. As demonstrated in Figure 3, the expression levels for ultraviolet radiation-regulated proteins as identified by Western blot analysis closely correlates with the results of the expression analaysis provided herein. Confirmation that the ultraviolet radiation-regulated genes identified in the keratinocyte culture model system correlate with the in vivo response to ultraviolet radiation was obtained by examining the protein expression level in a skin organ culture system. Organ culture explants of normal human skin were maintained in culture as previously described (Fisher, G J., et al., (1996) Nature 379, 335-339; and Varani, J., et al., (1993) American Journal of Pathology 142, 189-198). Briefly, pieces of normal human skin were obtained immediately after surgery, cut into pieces approximately 5 mm3, and incubated in keratinocyte basal medium (KBM) (Keratinocyte-SFM, Gibco-BRL, Gaithersburg, MD) in a humidified incubator at 37oC for 24 hours. Approximately 5 pieces of tissue were used per weU (24-weU culture dish) and enough medium was added to the weU to just cover the explants. For ultraviolet radiation exposure, the media was removed from the well, and the explants were exposed to 100 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet-B radiation. After exposure, the explanted tissue was re-immersed in culture media. In order to determine the level of protein expression between control non- ultraviolet radiation exposed and ultraviolet radiation exposed samples, the protein in the explanted tissue samples was visualized in situ by immunofluorescent staining. Briefly, at the desired time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure, the explanted tissue samples were mounted in tissue Tec OCT compound (Sakura Finetek, Japan), frozen, and cut into sections 4 to 6 μm thick. The samples mounted on sUdes and fixed with methano 1/acetone for 10 min. The sectioned samples were incubated overnight with mouse anti-involucrin antibody (NeoMarkers, Lab Vision Corporation, Fremont, CA) at 4oC, treated with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Vecstatin ABC-mouse IgG kit from Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 1 hour, incubated with ABC complex (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 1 hour and treated with 3,3'- Diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride (Dojindo Corp., Japan) and 0.01% H2O2 in Tris pH 7.6 for 2 minutes. The sections were observed and photographed under the light microscope (Microphot-FXA, Nikon, Japan). As demonstrated in Figure 4, immunohistological staining demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation exposure enhances the expression of involucrin in human skin organ culture at 2, 8 and 16 hours after ultraviolet radiation. Note that the suprabasal staining of the epidermis with the involucrin antibody is greatly augmented 16 hours after ultraviolet irradiation. F. Array Data Analysis Of the 7,080 entries, some 3,000 are scored as present in keratinocytes at at least one time point, and approximately 1,400 are present at aU time points. Among the entries, 308 are differentially regulated at least two-and one-half-fold at at least one time point. Judging 2.5-fold regulation to be significant, attention was focused on these 308 genes. Specific attention was paid to genes represented by multiple probes on the array, such as Jun-D, Tob, Cox-2 etc. Very similar patterns of regulation were observed for these multiple probe sets, which provided further confidence in the fidelity of the resulting hybridizations (Table 1). Of the 308 genes, nine are both induced and suppressed 2.5 fold or more at different time points. The remainder divides about equaUy (152 versus 147) between the induced and suppressed groups. Using a clustering algorithm, data from seven time points were grouped into three waves after ultraviolet radiation exposure (Figure 2). Only a small portion of the genes analyzed is presented in this figure. The most closely related were the 0.5, one and two hour time points. These form the early wave of regulated genes. Also very similar were the 16 and 24 hour time points, forming the late wave. The four and eight hour time points were more similar to each other than to the other time points and these formed the middle wave. Thus, the modification in gene expression in the first 24 hours after ultraviolet radiation exposure can conveniently be grouped into three "waves" of changes, the early or first response, from about 0.5 to about two hours, the intermediate or second response, from about four to about eight hours, and the late or third response, from about 16 to about 24 hours. Most of the regulated genes can be grouped by their function into several distinct and clearly demarcated functional categories, including: (1) induced DNA metabolism and repair genes induced; (2) signal transducing proteins and transcription factors (the two largest categories, which contain both induced and suppressed members at all experimental time points); (3) structural proteins (most cytoskeletal, containing both induced and suppressed members); (4) secreted growth factors, chemokines and cytokines (most strongly induced at intermediate time points); and (5) mitochondrial proteins (a significant category of proteins that are among the first induced). In addition, it was found that ultraviolet radiation regulates genes for proteins involved in the translation machinery, RNA processing, Upid, amino acid and urea metaboUsm, integral membrane, and cell surface proteins, proteases and their inhibitors, and proteins that could not be classified into those categories, as weU as several unidentified ESTs. Example 2: Identification of Gene and Protein Sequences Regulated bv Exposure to ϋltraviolet-A Radiation A. Keratinocyte Culture and Ultraviolet- A Radiation Cultures of epidermal keratinocytes from human foreskin are initiated using 3T3 feeder layers as described (Simon, et al, (1984) Cell 36:827-834) and then stored frozen in liquid N 2 . Once thawed, the keratinocytes are grown without feeder ceUs in defined serum-free keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) supplemented with 0.05g/l bovine pituitary extract, 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (KGM from Gibco-BRL, RockvUle, MD). The keratinocytes are maintained at 37°C, in 5% C0 2 . The medium is replaced every two days. The ceUs are expanded through three passages for the experiments. They are trypsinized with 0.025% trypsin, which is neutralized with 0.5 mg/ml trypsin inhibitor. Serum is avoided because it can promote keratinocyte differentiation. For all experiments, third-passage keratinocytes are used one day after reaching confluence. For ultraviolet-A radiation, an illuminator specially equipped to produce Ught output in the ultraviolet-A radiation wavelength range is used. For example, a Mutzhas Supersun 5000- type solar simulator (Mutzhas, Munich, Germany) is used by filtering for the emission of ultraviolet-A radiation (315 nm to 390 nm). The medium is removed from the cell cultures, and keratinocytes are irradiated in open dishes. Immediately after the ultraviolet-A radiation exposure, the same medium is replaced to the cultures. Control cells are subjected to the identical procedure but are only sham-irradiated. The protocol is chosen for two reasons: first, confluent keratinocytes more closely resemble skin than sub confluent ones; and second, nearly identical conditions from culture to culture are reliably and reproducibly achieved. The dose of ultraviolet-A radiation exposure is optimized by treating keratinocyte cultures with increasing amounts of radiation, replacing the medium and determining the cell viability 24 hours after the treatment. A dose of ultraviolet-A radiation is chosen so that at least 10%, but less that 20% of cells are kUled by ultraviolet-A radiation exposure. Keratinocyte cultures are irradiated with a a single dose of ultraviolet-A radiation and harvested the cells 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours later. The specific wavelength of ultraviolet-A radiation is from about 315 nm to about 390 nm. As controls, mock-irradiated ceUs are harvested 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the treatment. The one hour mock-irradiated culture is then used as control for the 0.5, 1 and 2 hour time points, while all the later time points have cognate controls. B. Isolation of Total RNA and Probe Synthesis Cells are harvested by scraping the culture dish. Kits from Qiagen, (Chatsworth, CA) are used to prepare the RNA according to the manufacturer's protocols. Qiashredders are used to homogenize cell lysates with centrifugation at 1800g for 2 minutes. RNA is extracted using RNeasy Midi Kit. DNA is removed with on-column DNAse digestion using Qiagen RNAses-free DNAse Set. After the total RNAs are prepared, but before they are used for gene array hybridization, the RNAs are tested in Northern blot hybridizations with a probe corresponding to the c-fos gene. For Northern blotting, 10 μg RNA is loaded on a 1.0% agarose-formaldehyde gel and run at 100 V for 3-4 hours. The RNA is transferred overnight to a nylon membrane (Amersham Life Science, Piscataway, NJ) and cross-linked using a Stratalinker (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). The probes for c-fos and IL-6 are synthesized using reverse transcription-PCR from keratinocyte RNA and the RT-PCR kit from Ambion (Austin, TX). Additional probes are derived from cDNA clones obtained from the American Type Culture CoUection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Each clone is sequenced from both 5' and 3' ends to confirm its identity. The 32 P labeled probes are generated using [ 32 P] dCTP (3000 Ci/mmol) (Dupont NEN, Boston, MA) and the Multiprime DNA labeling system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) and purified using D-Salt Excellulose Plastic Desalting Columns (Pierce, Rockford, EL). Hybridizations are performed using ExpressHyb solution (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) at 68°C for 1 hour. Membranes are ished with 2x SSC, 0.05 % SDS solution, with continuous shaking thouree times for 30 minutes at room temperature and with O.lx SSC, 0.1 % SDS at 50°C for 40 minutes. The membrane is exposed to Kodak (Toronto, Canada) BIOMAX MS film at -80°C, and radiographs are scanned and analyzed with Multilmagine Light Cabinet Alphalmagine 2000 documentation and analysis system (Alpha Innotech Corporation, San Leandro, CA). The RNA levels are normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. For the synthesis of probe for use with the gene array, eight micrograms of total RNA are reverse transcribed, amplified and labeled as previously described (Mahadevappa et al. ( 1999) J.A. Nature Biotechnol 17: 1134- 1136). As a result of the sequence of the primers used for reverse transcription, the resultant cDNA product contains an RNA polymerase promoter for use in the synthesis of cRNA probe to screen the gene array. C. Gene Array Hybridization Labeled cRNA is hybridized to the HU6800 array (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA) under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Arrays are ished, stained with anti-biotin streptavidin-phycoerythourin labeled antibody and scanned using the GeneChip system (Hewlett-Packard, Miami, FL). GeneChip 3.0 software to determine the expression of each gene. Intensity values are scaled by calculating the overaU signal for each array type. Differential expression is determined by calculating the ratio between signal intensity value from ultraviolet radiation exposed cells and control cells. To ehminate genes exhibiting potential false positive differential expression, only those genes that possessed a signal intensity of greater than 100 in any pair-wise comparison are selected. For data interpretation, the Cluster and Tree View software (available at http://rana.standford.edu/software) are used. First, the data are imported into the cluster and tree view software in tab-deUmited format. A data set containing the expression patterns of 311 regulated genes is clustered in two ways, based on the similarity of gene expression over the time course of 24 hours and based on the similarity between different time points. The clusters are observed using Tree View program. Equivalents Those skilled in the art wiU recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompasssed by the foUowing claims.

Claims: Claims What is Claimed is: 1. A method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation, comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a pattern of expression, the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising at least one of the foUowing: (a) a first response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (b) a second response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (c) a third response comprising altered expression of at leastone nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubuUn protein; and wherein if the pattern of expression for the cell is substantiaUy similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the ceU was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. 2. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the first response. 3. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the second response. 4. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the third response. 5. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the first response and the second response. 6. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the first response and the third response. 7. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the second response and the third response. 8. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern consists of the first response, the second response, and the third response. 9. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. 10. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm. 11. The method according to Claim 10, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 12. The method according to Claim 10, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm. 13. The method according to Claim 10, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . 14. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern further comprises the first response being from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 15. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern further comprises the second response being from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 16. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern further comprises the third response being from about sixteen hours to about twenty-four hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 17. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the pattern is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 05 to about two hours post exposure to ultraviolet radiation; (b) the second response occurring from about four to about eight hours post exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and (c) the third response occurring from about sixteen to about twenty-four hours postexposure to ultraviolet radiation. 18. The method according to Claim 1, wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. 19. The method according to Claim 1, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one being at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (ii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (viii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (ix) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xn) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvii) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvui) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xix) L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxii) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxui) L16862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvii) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvui) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxix) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D 14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Uc, (xxxui) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvU) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxvui) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xli) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xUi) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xhii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xliv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one being at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (U) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (BL8) gene, complete cds, (viii) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (ix) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xui) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvii) X70326 Macmarck, (xvni) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xix) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxU) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxiii) L13391 Human helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human sperrmdme/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvn) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxvui) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (J un B) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxix) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-Uke activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxn) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxui) X89750 H sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyro sine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvu) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxvui) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) X91247 H sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xU) L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda-ARH(6,12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xUv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlix) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (Ui) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (Uii) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (lvii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lvui) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (lix) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (lx) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (lxi) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (lxu) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (lxiii) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (lxiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (lxv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (lxvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (lxvii) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (lxvui) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (lxix) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (lxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (Ixxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (lxxu) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (lxxni) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (lxxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (lxxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (lxxvi) Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (lxxvii) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (lxxviii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (lxxix) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (lxxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (lxxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (IxxxU) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (lxxxni) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (lxxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (lxxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic,leukemia cells (lxxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (Ixxxvii) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (lxxxviii) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (lxxxix) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf, 114; and (c) the third response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one being at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (u) X53065, (in) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vn) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutroplril chemotactic factor), (ix) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small pro line-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xn) X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, (xui) LI 9779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvu) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (xviii) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1 , Isoform 44, (xix) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophUin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxii) Z14244 H sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxui) X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein Al 3 , (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvii) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxvui) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxix) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophU cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxu) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 Tubulin, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvU) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, (xxxviii) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xh) S54005 thymosin beta-10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xUi) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xUii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xliv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAH1) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for Drosophila female sterUe homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlix) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (li) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (Iii) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (liv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (lvn) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvui) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (lix) X74874 H sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (lx) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (lxi) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (lxn) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxiii) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (lxiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (lxv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (lxvi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (lxvn) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (lxvUi) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pl20, partial cds(carbox, (lxix) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxx) X52426 H sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (lxxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxii) S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (lxxni) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (lxxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (lxxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (lxxvi) Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (lxxvU) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross Unk repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (lxxviii) Ml 2125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxix) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (lxxx) XI 5822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for liver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (lxxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (lxxxu) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (Ixxxiii) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (lxxxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (Ixxxvi) X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (lxxxvu) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (lxxxvni) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (lxxxix) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H sapiens mRNA for Not56-Uke protein, (xcv) M12529 Human apolipoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcvin) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton-ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xcix) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cU) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cUi) Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proliferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (cix) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 TubuUn, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyropbilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviU) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxix) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAAOlll gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxin) L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone sl53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviU) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxix) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviii) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxix) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliu) X12794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxlv) Ml 2886 Human T-cell receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvU) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751), (cxlvui) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlix) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (ch) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cliu) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, (clviu) U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystallin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds, (clix) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (clx) S78825 Idl, (clxi) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (clxiu) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (clxiv) D 14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (clxv) Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (clxvi) L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (clxvU) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, (clxviii) U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (clxix) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (clxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (clxxU) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiii) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (clxxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (clxxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvii) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (clxxviii) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxix) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (clxxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (clxxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (clxxxii) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxUi) X80695 H sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (clxxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvii) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxviii) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxix) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SII) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxcix) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sth ) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ceU) X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (ccUi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (ccix) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxix) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix- loop-helix protein. 20. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group. 21. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the second response group. 22. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the third response group. 23. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group and the second response group. 24. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group and the third response group. 25. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the second response group and the third response group. 26. The method according to Claim 19, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group, the second response group, and the third response group. 27. A method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising: (a) measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell by expression array analysis, comprising: (i) isolating RNA from the ceU post-ultraviolet radiation exposure; (n) creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a labeled probe complemantary to the RNA and an expression array substrate; (in) analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set; and (iv) comparing the test expression array data set to a control expression array data set; and (b) analyzing the levels of the plurality of RNA molecules to estabUsh a pattern of expression for the cell, the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising at least one of the foUowing: (i) a first response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (u) a second response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, at least one nucleic acid encoding a cytokine, and at least one nucleic acid encoding a chemokine; and (iii) a third response comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein. wherein if the pattern of expression for the ceU is substantiaUy similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the ceU was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. 28. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the first response. 29. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the second response. 30. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the third response. 31. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the first response and the second response. 32. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the first response and the third response. , 33. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the second response and the third response. 34. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern consists of the first response, the second response, and the third response. 35. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast cell. 36. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm. 37. The method according to Claim 36, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 38. The method according to Claim 36, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm. 39. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/ cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . 40. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the pattern is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; (b) the second response occurring from about 4 hours to about 8 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and (c) the third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 41. The method according to Claim 27, wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in the level of RNA. 42. The method according to Claim 27, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (ii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (viii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (ix) M92843 H sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 JEX- 1 =radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvui) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xix) LI 9437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxu) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxui) L16862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvii) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvni) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxix) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1A1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D 13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxU) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Uc, (xxxiii) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvn) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxvUi) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xUi) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xUii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xUv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (U) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vii) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (E 8) gene, complete cds, (vui) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (ix) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xUi) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvU) X70326 Macmarck, (xvui) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xix) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxii) X68277 H sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxiii) L13391 Human helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human sperrmdme/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvn) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxvni) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxix) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-Uke activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxu) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxni) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvu) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxvui) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) X91247 H sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xU) L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), (xliii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xUv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metaUopiOtease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlix) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (Iii) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (lui) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (lvii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lviii) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (lix) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (lχ) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (lxi) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (lxu) U72066 H sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (lxUi) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (lxiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (lxv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (lxvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (lxvii) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (lxviii) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (lxix) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (lxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (lxxU) X87241 H sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (lxxiii) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (lxxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (lxxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (lxxvi) Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (lxxvii) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (lxxviii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (lxxix) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (lxxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (lxxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxii) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (lxxxiii) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (lxxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (lxxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic,leukemia cells (lxxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (lxxxvU) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (lxxxviii) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (lxxxix) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response further comprises altered expression of at least three nucleic acid molecules, each one at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (U) X53065, (in) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M21302 Human smaU proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (ix) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small proUne-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xu) X67325 H sapiens ρ27 mRNA, (xiii) LI 9779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S 81914 IEX- 1 =radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvu) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, (xviii) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, (xix) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated cells, (xx) M80254 H sapiens cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxu) Z14244 H sapiens coxVUb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxifi) X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coh DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvii) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxviii) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxix) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophil cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxii) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 Tubulin, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvU) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, (xxxviii) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xU) S54005 thymosin beta-10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xlii) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xhii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xliv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterUe homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlix) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (U) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (lϋ) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (liii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 -mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-ldelta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (lvU) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lviii) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (lix) X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (lx) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (lxi) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (lxii) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxiii) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (lxiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (lxv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (lxvi) D50840 H sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (lxvii) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (lxviii) D13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein ρl20, partial cds(carbox, (lxix) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxx) X52426 H sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (lxxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxU) S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (lxxUi) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (lxxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (lxxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (lxxvi) Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (lxxvu) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (IxxvUi) Ml 2125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxix) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (lxxx) X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (lxxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (lxxxii) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxiii) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (bcxxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (Ixxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxvi) X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (lxxxvii) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (lxxxvUi) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (lxxxix) AB000584 H sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamUy protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) Ml 2529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviU) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xcix) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cU) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cni) Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proUferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (cix) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 TubuUn, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyropbilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviii) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxix) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAAOl 11 gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiU) L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H sapiens (clone si 53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviu) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxix) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviU) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxix) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliii) XI 2794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxlv) M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvn) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. Splice 2, A4(751), (cxlvni) X76717 H sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlix) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (ch) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cliu) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H sapiens SHB mRNA, (clviii) U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIMl) mRNA, partial cds, (clix) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (clx) S78825 Idl, (clxi) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxii) M58286 H sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (clxin) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (clxiv) D14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (clxv) Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (clxvi) LI 9267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (clxvU) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, (clxviii) U33821 Human taxi -binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (clxix) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (clxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (clxxu) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiii) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (clxxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (clxxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvn) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (clxxviii) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxix) X89750 H sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (clxxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (clxxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (clxxxu) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxiii) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (clxxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvu) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxviii) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxix) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxcix) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U 14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ccii) X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (cciii) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (ccix) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxix) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix- loop-helix protein. 43. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group. 44. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the second response group. 45. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the third response group. 46. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group and the second response group. 47. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group and the third response group. 48. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the second response group and the third response group. 49. The method according to Claim 42, wherein the pattern consists of the first response group, the second response group, and the third response group. 50. A method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation, comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of protein molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a pattern of expression, the response of the cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure comprising at least one of the foUowing: (a) a first response comprising altered expression of at least one transcription factor protein, at least one signal transduction protein, and at least one mitochondrial protein; (b) a second response comprising altered expression of at least one secreted growth factor protein, at least one cytokine protein, and at least one chemokine protein; and (c) a third response comprising altered expression of at least one actin-binding protein, at least one desmosomal protein, and at least one tubulin protein, wherein if the pattern of expression for the cell is substantiaUy similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the ceU was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. 51. The method according to Claim 50, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. 52. The method according to Claim 50, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm. 53. The method according to Claim 52, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 54. The method according to Claim 52, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy at a wavelength of about 320 to about 440 nm. 55. The method according to Claim 50, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises energy in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/cm 2 . 56. The method according to Claim 50, wherein the pattern is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure; (b) the second response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (c) the third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure. 57. The method according to Claim 50, wherein altered regulation comprises an increase or decrease in protein level. 58. The method according to Claim 50, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises altered expression of at least three proteins, each one encoded by a nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (ii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vU) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (viii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (ix) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAC Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvU) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xviii) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xix) L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxu) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxni) LI 6862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvu) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvui) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxix) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1A1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D 14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxu) U28480 UncoupUng Protein Uc, (xxxui) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvu) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxvui) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xli) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xUi) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xUii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xUv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises altered expression of at least three proteins, each one encoded by a nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ii) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (vUi) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (ix) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xiii) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvii) X70326 Macmarck, (xviii) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xix) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxU) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxni) LI 3391 Human helix-loop-helix basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human spermidme/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxviii) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (J un B) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxix) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxii) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxiii) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helix-loop-helix protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvU) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxviii) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxix) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xli) L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda-ARH(6,12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xliv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlix) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (hi) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (lUi) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (lvii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lvui) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (lix) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (k) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (ki) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (kii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (kiii) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (kiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (kv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (kvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (kvn) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (kvui) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (kk) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (kxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (kxii) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (kxiii) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (kxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (kxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (lxxvi) M13829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (lxxvU) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (lxxvUi) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (lxxk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (lxxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (kxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (kxxu) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (lxxxUi) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (kxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (lxxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic, leukemia cells (kxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (kxxvu) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (kxxvui) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (kxxk) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response further comprises altered expression of at least three proteins, each one encoded by a nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (ii) X53065, (iu) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophiUn-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vii) M21302 Human smaU proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (k) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small pro line-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xii) X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S 81914 IEX- 1 =radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvii) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (xvui) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, (xk) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophUin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxii) Z14244 H. sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxUi) X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S 100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coh DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvii) Ml 3755 Human interferon- induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxvui) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxk) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophU cytochrome b light chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxU) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxx i) V00599 Tubulin, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvu) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, (xxxvui) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D49824 Human HLA-B null aUele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xh) S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xUi) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xUii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xUv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterile homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlk) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HeρG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (U) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (hi) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (liv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-ldelta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (lvU) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvUi) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (Ik) X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (k) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (ki) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (kii) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, (k i) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (kiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (kv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (kvi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kvU) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (kvui) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pi 20, partial cds(carbox, (kk) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (lxx) X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (kxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxU) S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (kxUi) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (kxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (lxxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (kxvi) Z69043 H sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (lxxvii) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross Unk repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (lxxvui) Ml 2125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxk) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (lxxx) X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (kxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (lxxxu) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxUi) X82693 H sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (kxxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (kxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (kxxvi) X57579 H sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (kxxvu) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (kxxvUi) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (lxxxk) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) Ml 2529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviu) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xck) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cU) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cui) Z29505 H sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for prohferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (ck) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyropbilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) Ml 9961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviii) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxk) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiu) L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone sl53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviu) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxk) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviii) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxk) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliii) XI 2794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxiv) M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvu) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. SpUce 2, A4(751), (cxlviii) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlk) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (cU) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cUu) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, (clviii) U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIMl) mRNA, partial cds, (elk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (ck) S78825 Idl, (cki) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (ckiu) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (ckiv) D14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (ckv) Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (ckvi) L19267 H sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (ckvu) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114, (ckvui) U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (ckk) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (ckx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (ckxu) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiii) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ckxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvu) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (ckxviii) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxk) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (clxxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (clxxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (clxxxu) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxui) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (ckxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvii) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxvUi) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyravate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SII) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxck) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U 14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ecu) X77366 H sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (cciii) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (cck) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxk) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk- loop-heUx protein. 59. The method according to Claim 50, wherein the levels of the plurality of protein molecules are measured by ELISA. 60. A composition of matter comprising: (a) a pluraUty of nucleic acid molecules capable of detecting altered expression due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the nucleic acid molecules being selected from the groups consisting of: (i) a first response group comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (u) a second response group comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (ui) a third response group comprising altered expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubuhn protein; and (b) a substrate suitable for binding the nucleic acid molecules. 61. The composition of Claim 60, wherein (a) the first response group consists of a pluraUty of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (ii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB uήB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (viii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (k) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xUi) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAC Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsoUn, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvUi) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xk) L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxU) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxiii) L16862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvu) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvUi) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxk) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D 14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D 13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxu) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Uc, (xxxui) D50840 H sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase JJ alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvU) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxviii) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xUi) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xliii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xUv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response group consists of a plurality of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides consisting of: (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ii) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (viii) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (k) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xUi) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvii) X70326 Macmarck, (xviii) D 10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xk) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxui) L13391 Human helk-loop-helk basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human sperniidme/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvii) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxvUi) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (J UIU 3) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxk) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxU) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt] , (xxxni) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk-loop-helk protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvii) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxvUi) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xU) LI 9314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xUv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metaUoprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlk) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (li) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (Ui) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (Uii) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (lvii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lvui) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (Ik) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (k) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (ki) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (kU) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (kiii) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (kiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (kv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (kvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (kvU) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (kvui) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coh DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (lxk) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (kxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-Uke basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (lxxii) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (lxxiii) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (kxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (kxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (kxvi) Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (kxvu) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (IxxvUi) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (kxk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (kxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (kxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (kxxu) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (kxxui) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (kxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (kxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic,leukemia cells (lxxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (kxxvu) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (lxxxvUi) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (kxxk) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response group consists of a pluraUty of nucleic acid molecules at least 90% identical to the group of polynucleotides consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprJJ) mRNA, clone 930, (ii) X53065, (iii) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophiUn-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (viϋ) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), (k) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small pro line-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xii) X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone Η2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvii) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, (xv i) X06956 TubuUn, Alpha 1 , Isoform 44, (xk) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated cells, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophUin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxu) Z14244 H. sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxUi) X99920 H sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coh DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvu) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxvui) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxk) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophil cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxu) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 TubuUn, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvu) Z49989 H sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, (xxxvUi) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xU) S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xlii) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xUii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xhv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterile homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlk) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (li) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (1U) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-ldelta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (lvn) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvUi) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (Ik) X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (k) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (ki) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (kii) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, ( ii) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (kiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (kv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (kvi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kvii) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. ( vUi) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pl20, partial cds(carbox, (kk) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (kx) X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (kxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (lxxU) S78771 NAT=CρG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (IxxUi) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (kxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (kxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (kxvi) Z69043 H sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (kxvii) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross Unk repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (lxxviii) Ml 2125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (kxk) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (kxx) XI 5822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (kxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (kxxu) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (IxxxUi) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, ( xxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (kxxvi) X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (kxxvii) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (kxxviii) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (kxxk) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) Ml 2529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviu) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton-ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xck) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, • (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cU) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cUi) Z29505 H sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3 , (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for prohferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (ck) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-μbiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviU) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxk) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAAOlll gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) X15729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiii) L27943 H sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone si 53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviU) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxk) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviu) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxk) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliu) X12794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxiv) M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvU) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. SpUce 2, A4(751), (cxlviii) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlk) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (cli) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cUU) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, (clviu) U83115 Human non- lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIMl) mRNA, partial cds, (elk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (ck) S78825 Idl, (cki) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (ckiii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (ckiv) D14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (ckv) Z26317 H. sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (ckvi) L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (ckvU) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114, (ckvUi) U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (ckk) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (clxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (clxxU) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxiii) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ckxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvu) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvϋi) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (clxxk) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (ckxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (clxxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (ckxxii) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxui) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (ckxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvU) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxvui) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxck) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ecu) X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (cciii) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-J 6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (cck) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter PO, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxk) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk- loop-helk protein. 62. The composition of Claim 60, wherein the selected nucleic acid molecules have a length of 12 plus N bases, wherein N is a whole integer from 0 to 500. 63. The composition of matter of Claim 62, wherein the selected nucleic acid molecules are about 21 bases in length. 64. The composition of matter of Claim 60 further characterized as an expression array. 65. A method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure, the pattern comprising the foUowing: (a) a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (b) a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (c) a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin-binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubulin protein. 66. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. 67. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 220 nm to about 440 nm. 68. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 69. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm. 70. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of about 0.2 mJ/cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . 71. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the pattern further comprises the first response being from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 72. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the pattern further comprises the second response being from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 73. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the pattern further comprises the third response being from about skteen hours to about twenty-four hours post- exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 74. The method according to Claim 65, wherein the pattern is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about two hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; (b) the second response occurring from about four hours to about eight hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and (c) the third response occurring from about skteen hours to about twenty-four hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 75. The method according to Claim 65, wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in RNA level. 76. The method according to Claim 65, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (ii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (viii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (k) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 JJEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAC Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvU) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvui) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xk) L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxu) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxui) LI 6862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvu) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvUi) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxk) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxU) U28480 Uncouphng Protein Uc, (xxxui) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvu) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxvUi) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U 17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xli) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xlii) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xUii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xUv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of; and (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ii) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (ui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (vui) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (k) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MfP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xui) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvu) X70326 Macmarck, (xviii) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xk) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxu) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxui) L13391 Human helk-loop-helk basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human spernridine/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxvui) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxk) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxU) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxui) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGJJF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk-loop-helk protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvu) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxvui) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xU) L19314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xliv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metaUoprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlk) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (1U) X64330 H sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (Uii) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, ( i) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lviii) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (Ik) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (k) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (ki) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (ku) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (kni) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (kiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (kv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (kvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (kvu) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (kvui) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (kk) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (kxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (kxii) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (Ixxiii) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (kxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (lxxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (kxvi) M 13829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (lxxvU) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (IxxvUi) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (kxk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (lxxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (lxxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxii) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (lxxxiii) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (kxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (lxxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocyticjeukemia cells (lxxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (kxxvii) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (kxxvui) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (kxxk) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (U) X53065, (ui) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (v) LI 0343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vu) M21302 Human smaU proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (k) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small pro line-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xu) X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, (xUi) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S 81914 IEX- 1 =radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvii) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (xvUi) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, (xk) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophilin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxU) Z14244 H. sapiens coxVHb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxiii) X99920 H sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvu) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxviii) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxk) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophU cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxn) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 TubuUn, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvii) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smootheUn, (xxxvui) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxx ) D49824 Human HLA-B null aUele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xU) S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xlii) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xUii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xUv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterUe homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlk) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (U) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (Iii) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (EL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (Mi) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvUi) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (Ik) X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (k) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (ki) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (kU) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS 1) mRNA, complete cds, (kui) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (kiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (kv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (kvi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kvii) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (kvui) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pl20, partial cds(carbox, (kk) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (kx) X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (kxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (kxn) S78771 NAT=CρG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (kxui) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (kxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (kxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (kxvi) Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (kxvu) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross Unk repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (kxvUi) M12125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (kxk) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (kxx) X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (lxxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (lxxxU) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (kxxUi) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (kxxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxvi) X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (lxxxvn) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (kxxvui) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (lxxxk) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) M12529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviU) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xck) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cU) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cni) Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proliferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (ck) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 TubuUn, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) Ml 9961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl , (cxviii) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxk) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiu) L27943 H sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone si 53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviu) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxk) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxin) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviu) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxk) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliii) XI 2794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxiv) M12886 Human T-cell receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvu) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. SpUce 2, A4(751), (cxlviii) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlk) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (cU) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cliii) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, (clyiu) U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds, (elk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase JJ elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (ck) S78825 Idl, (cki) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (ckiii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (ckiv) D14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (ckv) Z26317 H sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (ckvi) L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (ckvu) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114, (ckvui) U33821 Human taxi -binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (ckk) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (clxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (ckxu) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxui) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ckxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (ckxvii) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (ckxviii) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxk) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (clxxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (ckxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (ckxxU) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxUi) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (ckxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim- 1 protein (h-pim- 1 ) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvu) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxvUi) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxck) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ecu) X77366 H. sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (ccUi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (cck) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxk) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk- loop-helk protein. 77. A method to detect exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising: (a) measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell by expression array analysis, comprising: (i) isolating RNA from the ceU post ultraviolet radiation exposure; ( ) creating a test expression array through nucleic acid hybridization between a tabled probe complementary to the RNA and an expression array substrate; (iii) analyzing the test expression array to create a test expression array data set; and (iv) comparing the test expression array data set to a control expression array data; and (b) analyzing the levels of the plurality of RNA molecules and thereby establishing a response pattern of the ceU, wherein exposure of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation is indicated by the altered pattern of expression comprising the following: (i) a first response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a transcription factor protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a signal transducing protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a mitochondrial protein; (ii) a second response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a secreted growth factor, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a cytokine, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chemokine; and (iii) a third response comprising the altered pattern of expression of at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule encoding an actin- binding protein, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a desmosomal protein, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a tubuhn protein. 78. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. 79. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm. 80. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 81. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm. 82. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises a total ultraviolet radiation energy exposure in the range of 0.2 mJ/ cm 2 to 40 mJ/cm 2 . 83. The method according to Claim 77, wherein the pattern is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (b) the second response occurring from about 4 hours to about 8 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and (c) the third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 84. The method according to Claim 77, wherein altered expression comprises an increase or decrease in the level of RNA. 85. The method according to Claim 77, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (U) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (vui) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (k) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAG Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsoUn, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvU) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvui) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xk) L19437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxU) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxiii) L16862 H sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvu) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvui) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxk) L37042 H. sapiens casern kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1A1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxU) U28480 UncoupUng Protein Uc, (xxxUi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvU) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxviii) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOSl) mRNA, complete cds, (xli) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xlii) D85527 H sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xUii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophilin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xliv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least three nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of ; and (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ii) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (vui) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (k) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xui) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvii) X70326 Macmarck, (xvui) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xk) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxu) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxui) LI 3391 Human helk-loop-helk basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human spermidme/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxviii) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxk) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxii) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxUi) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGJJF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk-loop-helk protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvu) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxvUi) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xU) LI 9314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xhi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda- ARH(6, 12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xUv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metaUoprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlk) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (Iii) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (Uii) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (Mi) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lviii) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (Ik) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (k) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (ki) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (kii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (kui) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (kiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (kv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (kvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (btvii) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (kvui) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (kk) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (kxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (kxu) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (kxni) X52425 Human IL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (kxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (kxv) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (kxvi) Ml 3829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (kxvu) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (IxxvUi) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (kxk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (kxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (lxxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxu) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (kxxui) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (kxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (kxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic,leukemia cells (kxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (lxxxvU) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (kxxvui) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (lxxxk) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one nucleic acid molecule that is at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (ii) X53065, (iu) M13903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2 . (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. Splice, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vu) M21302 Human smaU proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vui) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophU chemotactic factor), (k) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small proUne-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xii) X67325 H. sapiens ρ27 mRNA, (xiii) LI 9779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvii) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (xviii) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, (xk) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophUin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxii) Z14244 H. sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxui) X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvU) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxvui) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxk) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophU cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxU) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 TubuUn, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPBIO) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvii) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smoothelin, (xxxvUi) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xli) S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xUi) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xUii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. SpU, (xliv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H. sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterUe homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlk) S80437 fatty acid synthase (3' region} [human, breast and HeρG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (U) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, ( i) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-1 delta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (Mi) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvui) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Am repetitive sequence in the 3', (Ik) X74874 H sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (k) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (ki) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (kii) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, (kUi) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (kiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (kv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (kvi) D50840 H sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kvU) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (kviii) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pi 20, partial cds(carbox, (kk) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (kx) X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13 , ( xi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (kxU) S78771 NAT=CpG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (lxxiii) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (kxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (lxxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (kxvi) Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (kxvu) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (IxxvUi) M12125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (kxk) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (kxx) X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (lxxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (kxxU) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (kxxui) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (kxxiv) M58026 Human NB-1 mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxvi) X57579 H. sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (kxxvu) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (lxxxvUi) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (kxxk) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) M12529 Human apolipoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviu) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xck) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cu) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cui) Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proUferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (ck) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 Tubulin, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyrophilin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (co Vb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviU) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxk) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAAOl 11 gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) XI 5729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiu) L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone sl53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H. sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviii) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxk) M92843 H sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxvin) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxk) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliii) XI 2794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxiv) M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvU) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. SpUce 2, A4(751), (cxlvUi) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlk) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (cli) D87469 Human mRNA for KIAA0279 gene, partial cds, (clii) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cUU) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cUv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H. sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SΗB mRNA, (clviU) U83115 Human non- lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIM1) mRNA, partial cds, (elk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase JJ elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (ck) S78825 Idl, (cki) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (ckiu) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (cMv) D14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (ckv) Z26317 H sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (ckvi) L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (ckvU) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. SpUce 3, Orf 114, (ckviii) U33821 Human taxi-binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (ckk) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (clxx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (ckxU) U52426 H. sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxUi) M80244 Human E16 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ckxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvi) U 14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvU) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvui) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxk) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (ckxx) D85429 H sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (ckxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (ckxxU) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxUi) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlΗs mRNA, (ckxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvU) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxvui) K03195 Human (HeρG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D 14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxck) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ecu) X77366 H sapiens HBZ17 mRNA, (cciii) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-IL6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (cck) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxk) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk- loop-helk protein. 86. A method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation comprising measuring the levels of a plurality of proteins in the cell, wherein an altered pattern of expression is established and is indicative of ultraviolet radiation exposure, the pattern comprising the following: (a) a first response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a transcription factor protein, a signal transduction protein, and a mitochondrial protein; (b) a second response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of a secreted growth factor protein, a cytokine protein, and a chemokine protein; and (c) a third response comprising an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of an actin- binding protein, a desmosomal protein, and a tubuUn protein. 87. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the cell is selected from the group consisting of a keratinocyte, a Langerhans cell, a melanocyte, and a fibroblast ceU. 88. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises: ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of 220 nm to 440 nm. 89. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength of about 290 nm to about 320 nm. 90. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure comprises ultraviolet radiation energy at a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to about 440 nm. 91. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the ultraviolet radiation exposure ccoommpprriissee;s ultraviolet radiation energy in the range of about 0.2 mJ/ cm 2 to about 40 mJ/ cm 2 . 92. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the pattern of expression is further characterized by: (a) the first response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure; (b) the second response occurring from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (c) the third response occurring from about 16 hours to about 24 hours post-exposure to ultraviolet radiation exposure. 93. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the altered pattern of expression of comprises an increase or decrease in protein level. 94. The method according to Claim 86, wherein: (a) the first response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein that is at least 90% identical to a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (U) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (iii) L04731 H. sapiens translocation T(4:ll) of ALL-1 gene to chromosome 4, (iv) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (v) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (vi) L38951 H. sapiens importin beta subunit mRNA, complete cds, (vii) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (vUi) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (k) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (x) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, (xi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) D86988 Human mRNA for KIAA0221 gene, complete cds, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone Η2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) U62317 Chromosome 22ql3 BAC Clone CIT987SK-384D8 complete sequence, (xv) X04412 Human mRNA for plasma gelsolin, (xvi) L27706 Human chaperonin protein (Tcp20) gene complete cds, (xvu) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xvni) M60974growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xk) LI 9437 Human transaldolase mRNA containing transposable element, complete cds, (xx) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (xxi) D90086 Human pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) beta subunit gene, exons 1-10, (xxu) M34182 Human testis-specific protein kinase gamma-subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxui) LI 6862 H. sapiens G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxiv) D 13705 Human mRNA for fatty acids omega- hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450HKV), complete cd, (xxv) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) D45906 H. sapiens mRNA for LIMK-2, complete cds, (xxvU) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (xxvUi) D87438 Human mRNA for KIAA0251 gene, partial cds, (xxk) L37042 H. sapiens casein kinase I alpha isoform (CSNK1 Al) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) D14043 Human mRNA for MGC-24, complete cds, (xxxi) D13988 Human rab GDI mRNA, complete cds, (xxxU) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Uc, (xxxiii) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (xxxiv) M55265 Human casein kinase II alpha subunit mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M96803 Human general beta-spectrin (SPTBN1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvi) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox P, (xxxvii) D87442 Human mRNA for KIAA0253 gene, partial cds, (xxxvUi) J03161 Human serum response factor (SRF) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (xl) U17327 Human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xU) D86966 Human mRNA for KIAA0211 gene, complete cds, (xUi) D85527 H. sapiens mRNA for LIM domain, partial cds, (xUii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (xUv) X59434 Human rohu mRNA for rhodanese, (xlv) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, and (xlvi) J05211 Desmoplakin; (b) the second response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein that is at least 90% identical to a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of; and (i) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ii) S81914 JJEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate-early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (iii) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), (iv) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (v) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (vi) M62831 Human transcription factor ETR101 mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (B 8) gene, complete cds, (viii) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (k) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (x) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xi) AF001294 H sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xii) X56681 Human junD mRNA, (xUi) S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activate, (xiv) M84739 Human autoantigen calreticulin mRNA, complete cds, (xv) M21302 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (xvi) V00599 Tubulin, Bet, (xvii) X70326 Macmarck, (xvUi) D10923 Human mRNA for HM74, (xk) D64142 Human mRNA for histone Hlx, complete cds, (xx) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xxi) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA-damage- inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (xxii) X68277 H. sapiens CL 100 mRNA for protein tyrosine phosphatase, (xxUi) L13391 Human helk-loop-helk basic phosphoprotein (G0S8) gene, complete cds, (xxiv) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP- 1) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) U40369 Human spermidine/spermine Nl- acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, complete cds, (xxvi) X52560 Nuclear Factor Nf-Il, (xxvii) X61123 Human BTG1 mRNA, (xxviii) U20734 Human transcription factor junB (junB) gene, 5' region and complete cds, (xxk) U35048 Human TSC-22 protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) M69043 H. sapiens MAD-3 mRNA encoding IkB-like activity, complete cds, (xxxi) X51345 Human jun-B mRNA for JUN-B protein, (xxxu) S68616 Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform [human, heart, mRNA, 4516 nt], (xxxUi) X89750 H sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (xxxiv) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk-loop-helk protein, (xxxv) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (xxxvi) X52541 Human mRNA for early growth response protein 1 (hEGRl), (xxxvu) D50683 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-betallR alpha, complete cds, (xxxviii) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (xl) U05875 Human clone pSKl interferon gamma receptor accessory factor- 1 (AF-1) mRNA, comp, (xli) LI 9314 Human HRY gene, complete cds, (xUi) M30703 Human amphiregulin (AR) gene, exon 6, clones lambda-ARH(6,12), (xUii) U34252 Human gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase mRNA, complete cds, (xUv) S78825 Idl, (xlv) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (xlvi) U41766 Human metaUoprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-rich protein precursor (MDC9) mRNA, (xlvii) U89336 Human HLA class III region containing NOTCH4 gene, partial sequence, homeobox PB, (xlviii) M69181 Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (MYH10) mRNA, partial cds, (xlk) D 15050 Human mRNA for transcription factor AREB6, complete cds, (1) U28386 Human nuclear localization sequence receptor hSRPl alpha mRNA, complete cds, (U) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (In) X64330 H. sapiens mRNA for ATP-citrate lyase, (Uii) U37122 Human adducin gamma subunit mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) X74008 H. sapiens mRNA for protein phosphatase 1 gamma, (lv) U60205 Human methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) mRNA, complete cds, (lvi) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (Mi) D87071 Human mRNA for KIAA0233 gene, complete cds, (lviii) U90716 Human cell surface protein HCAR mRNA, complete cds, (Ik) M91083 Human DNA-binding protein (HRC1) mRNA, complete cds, (k) U29607 Human methionine aminopeptidase mRNA, complete cds, (ki) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (kU) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (kui) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (kiv) X12953 Human rab2 mRNA, YPTl-related and member of ras family, (kv) M60483 Human protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-alpha gene, complete cds, (kvi) U72649 Human BTG2 (BTG2) mRNA, complete cds, (kvU) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (kviii) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coli DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (kk) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kx) L31801 H. sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (kxi) S74017 Nrf2=NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator [human, hemin-in, (kxii) X87241 H. sapiens mRNA for hFat protein, (lxxUi) X52425 Human JJL-4-R mRNA for the interleukin 4 receptor, (kxiv) D79994 Human mRNA for KIAA0172 gene, partial cds, (kxv) M58286 H sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (kxvi) M13829 Human putative raf related protein (pks/a-raf) mRNA, partial cds, (lxxvii) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (kxviii) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (kxk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (kxx) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (kxxi) U28749 Human high-mobility group phosphoprotein isoform I-C (HMGIC) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxU) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (kxxui) L26336 Heat Shock Protein, 70 Kda (Gb:Y00371, (kxxiv) L08246 Human myeloid cell differentiation protein (MCL1) mRNA, (kxxv) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic,leukemia cells (kxxvi) J05211 Desmoplakin , (kxxvu) L00352 Human low density lipoprotein receptor gene, exon 18, (kxxviii) Y13647 Stearoyl-Coenzymea Desaturase, (lxxxk) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (xc) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) M13929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (xcii) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (xciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, and (xciv) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114; and (c) the third response further comprises an altered pattern of expression of at least one protein that is at least 90% identical to a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (i) M20030 Human small proUne rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 930, (U) X53065, (in) Ml 3903 Human involucrin gene, exon 2, (iv) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (v) L10343 Huma elafin gene, complete cds, (vi) M63573 Human secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP) mRNA, complete cds, (vU) M21302 Human smaU proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone 174N, (vUi) Y00787 Human mRNA for MDNCF (monocyte- derived neutrophil chemotactic factor), (k) X57985 H. sapiens genes for histones H2B.1 and H2A, (x) L05188 H. sapiens small pro line-rich protein 2 (SPRR2B) gene, complete cds, (xi) X70326 Macmarcks, (xii) X67325 H. sapiens p27 mRNA, (xiii) L19779 H. sapiens histone H2A.2 mRNA, complete cds, (xiv) S81914 IEX-l=radiation-inducible immediate- early gene [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 1, (xv) D45248 Human mRNA for proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta, complete cds, (xvi) Z22548 H. sapiens thiol-specific antioxidant protein mRNA, (xvii) M22918 Myosin, Light Chain, AlkaU, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Non-Muscle, Alt. SpUce, (xvUi) X06956 Tubulin, Alpha 1, Isoform 44, (xk) V00594 Human mRNA for metaUothionein from cadmium-treated ceUs, (xx) M80254 H. sapiens cyclophUin isoform (hCyP3) mRNA, complete cds, (xxi) U04636 Human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCox-2) gene, complete cds, (xxii) Z14244 H. sapiens coxVIIb mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vllb, (xxui) X99920 H. sapiens mRNA for S100 calcium- binding protein A13, (xxiv) U62800 Human cystatin M (CST6) mRNA, complete cds, (xxv) L08069 Human heat shock protein, E. coU DnaJ homologue mRNA, complete cds, (xxvi) L20688 Human GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein (Ly-GDI) mRNA, complete cds, (xxvu) M13755 Human interferon-induced 17-kDa/15- kDa protein mRNA, complete cds, (xxvUi) M60278 Human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor mRNA, complete cds, (xxk) AF001294 H. sapiens IPL (IPL) mRNA, complete cds, (xxx) X54489 Human gene for melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA), (xxxi) M21186 Human neutrophU cytochrome b Ught chain p22 phagocyte b-cytochrome mRNA, compl, (xxxU) D42040 Human mRNA for KIAA9001 gene, complete cds, (xxxui) V00599 Tubulin, Beta, (xxxiv) U37690 Human RNA polymerase II subunit (hsRPB 10) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxv) M21005 Human migration inhibitory factor- related protein 8 (MRP8) gene, complete cds, (xxxvi) M37583 Human histone (H2A.Z) mRNA, complete cds, (xxxvu) Z49989 H. sapiens mRNA for smootheUn, (xxxvui) L24564 Human Rad mRNA, complete cds, (xxxk) D49824 Human HLA-B null allele mRNA, (xl) M59465 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein A20 mRNA, complete cds, (xU) S54005 thymosin beta- 10 [human, metastatic melanoma cell line, mRNA, 453 nt], (xUi) Z49254 H. sapiens L23-related mRNA, (xliii) M22919 Myosin, Light Chain, Alkali, Smooth Muscle (Gb:U02629), Smooth Muscle, Alt. Spli, (xliv) U70660 Human copper transport protein HAHl (HAHl) mRNA, complete cds, (xlv) AF006084 H sapiens Arp2/3 protein complex subunit p41-Arc (ARC41) mRNA, complete cds, (xlvi) X62083 H. sapiens mRNA for DrosophUa female sterUe homeotic (FSH) homologue, (xlvii) D86974 Human mRNA for KIAA0220 gene, partial cds, (xlviii) M72885 Human GOS2 gene, 5' flank and cds, (xlk) S80437 fatty acid synthase {3' region} [human, breast and HepG2 cells, mRNA Partial, 22, (1) X04654 Human mRNA for Ul RNA-associated 70K protein, (U) t M26311 Human cystic fibrosis antigen mRNA, complete cds, (Iii) X14850 Human H2A.X mRNA encoding histone H2A.X, (Uii) M14328 Human alpha enolase mRNA, complete cds, (Uv) U07919 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 mRNA, complete cds, (lv) M28130 Human interleukin 8 (IL8) gene, complete cds, (lvi) Z21507 H. sapiens EF-ldelta gene encoding human elongation factor- 1 -delta, (Mi) M92934 Human connective tissue growth factor, complete cds, (lvui) M27436 Human tissue factor gene, complete cds, with a Alu repetitive sequence in the 3', (Ik) X74874 H. sapiens gene for RNA pol II largest subunit, exon 1, (k) X57351 Human 1-8D gene from interferon- inducible gene family, (ki) X52979 Human gene for small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmB and SmB', (kU) U41515 Human deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (DSS1) mRNA, complete cds, (kui) D28235 Human PTGS2 gene for prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2, complete cds, (kiv) Y00503 Human mRNA for keratin 19. (kv) M57731 Human gro-beta mRNA, complete cds, (kvi) D50840 H. sapiens mRNA for ceramide glucosyltransferase, complete cds, (kvu) U52101 Human YMP mRNA, complete cds. (kvui) D 13413 Human mRNA for tumor-associated 120 kDa nuclear protein pi 20, partial cds(carbox, (kk) L42379 H. sapiens bone-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) mRNA, complete cds, (kx) X52426 H. sapiens mRNA for cytokeratin 13, (kxi) J04456 Human 14 kd lectin mRNA, complete cds, (kxu) S78771 NAT=CρG island-associated gene [human, mRNA, 1741 nt], (kxiii) M26730 Human mitochondrial ubiquinone- binding protein (QP) gene, exon 4, (kxiv) U26727 Human pl6INK4/MTSl mRNA, complete cds, (kxv) X92896 H. sapiens mRNA for ITBA2 protein, (kxvi) Z69043 H. sapiens mRNA translocon-associated protein delta subunit precursor, (lxxvii) L76568 H. sapiens excision and cross link repair protein (ERCC4) gene, complete genom, (kxvui) Ml 2125 Human fibroblast muscle-type tropomyosin mRNA, complete cds, (kxk) U09937 Human urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, exon 7, (kxx) X15822 Human COX VIIa-L mRNA for Uver- specific cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1.), (kxxi) M34516 Human omega light chain protein 14.1 (Ig lambda chain related) gene, exon 3, (kxxu) U53830 H. sapiens interferon regulatory factor 7A mRNA, complete cds, (kxxui) X82693 H. sapiens mRNA for E48 antigen, (kxxiv) M58026 Human NB- 1 mRNA, complete cds, (kxxv) M90657 Human tumor antigen (L6) mRNA, complete cds, (lxxxvi) X57579 H sapiens activin beta-A subunit (exon 2), (lxxxvu) D38251 Human mRNA for RPB5 (XAP4), complete cds, (kxxvui) D89667 H. sapiens mRNA for c-myc binding protein, complete cds, (lxxxk) AB000584 H. sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds, (xc) L76200 Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds, (xci) J04794 Human aldehyde reductase mRNA, complete cds, (xcii) X52882 Human t-complex polypeptide 1 gene, (xciii) M79463 Human PML-2 mRNA, complete CDS, (xciv) Y09022 H. sapiens mRNA for Not56-like protein, (xcv) Ml 2529 Human apoUpoprotein E mRNA, complete cds, (xcvi) X71129 H. sapiens mRNA for electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit, (xcvii) X83416 H. sapiens PrP gene, exon 2, (xcviii) D89052 H. sapiens mRNA for proton- ATPase- like protein, complete cds, (xck) M60974 Human growth arrest and DNA- damage-inducible protein (gadd45) mRNA, complete cds, (c) Ml 6364 Human creatine kinase-B mRNA, complete cds, (ci) D38305 Human mRNA for Tob, complete cds, (cu) X87679 Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, E (Gb:M21533), (cUi) Z29505 H. sapiens mRNA for nucleic acid binding protein sub2.3, (civ) K02574, (cv) U09813 Human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9, P3 gene copy, mRNA, nuclear gene enc, (cvi) X67951 H. sapiens mRNA for proUferation- associated gene (pag), (cvii) J04611 Human lupus p70 (Ku) autoantigen protein mRNA, complete cds, (cviii) U09578 H. sapiens MAPKAP kinase (3pK) mRNA, complete cds, (ck) X53800 Human mRNA for macrophage inflammatory protein-2beta (MIP2beta), (ex) V00599 TubuUn, Beta 2, (cxi) U69126 Human FUSE binding protein 2 (FBP2) mRNA, partial cds, (cxii) X53416 Human mRNA for actin-binding protein (filamin) (ABP-280), (cxiii) U90546 Human butyrophUin (BTF4) mRNA, complete cds, (cxiv) M58459 Human ribosomal protein (RPS4Y) isoform mRNA, complete cds, (cxv) M19961 Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (coxVb) mRNA, complete cds, (cxvi) U65579 Human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone Fe-S protein 8, 23 kDa subunit, (cxvii) X77794 H. sapiens mRNA for cyclin Gl, (cxviii) M29064 Human hnRNP Bl protein mRNA, (cxk) D21853 Human mRNA for KIAA0111 gene, complete cds, (cxx) X78687 H. sapiens G9 gene encoding sialidase, (cxxi) X15729 Human mRNA for nuclear p68 protein, (cxxii) X04828 Human mRNA for G(i) protein alpha- subunit (adenylate cyclase inhibiting GTP-bind, (cxxiu) L27943 H. sapiens cytidine deaminase (CD A) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxiv) L40391 H. sapiens (clone si 53) mRNA fragment, (cxxv) D42123 H. sapiens mRNA for ESP1/CRP2, complete cds, (cxxvi) X74104 H sapiens mRNA for TRAP beta subunit, (cxxvii) M84332 Human ADP-ribosylation factor 1 gene, exons 2-5, (cxxviii) L37127 H. sapiens RNA polymerase II mRNA, complete cds, (cxxk) M92843 H. sapiens zinc finger transcriptional regulator mRNA, complete cds, (cxxx) U07664 Human HB9 homeobox gene, exons 2 and 3 and complete cds, (cxxxi) L48546 H. sapiens tuberin (TSC2) gene, exons 38, 39, 40 and 41, (cxxxii) X53586 Human mRNA for integrin alpha 6, (cxxxiu) t D21852 Human mRNA for KIAA0029 gene, partial cds, (cxxxiv) LI 1066 Human mRNA sequence, (cxxxv) J04444 Human cytochrome c-1 gene, complete cds, (cxxxvi) M95787 Human 22kDa smooth muscle protein (SM22) mRNA, complete cds, (cxxxvii) L07517 Mucin 6, Gastric (Gb:L07517), (cxxxviU) X91247 H. sapiens mRNA for thioredoxin reductase, (cxxxk) LI 1672 Human Kruppel related zinc finger protein (HTF10) mRNA, complete cds, (cxl) U30999 Human (memc) mRNA, 3'UTR, (cxii) U01337 Human Ser/Thr protein kinase (A-RAF- 1) gene, complete cds, (cxlii) U28480 Uncoupling Protein Ucp, (cxliii) XI 2794 Human v-erbA related ear-2 gene, (cxliv) L22005 Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mRNA, partial cds, (cxiv) M12886 Human T-ceU receptor active beta-chain mRNA, complete cds, (cxlvi) Y08915 H. sapiens mRNA for alpha 4 protein, (cxlvu) M24547 Amyloid Beta (A4) Precursor Protein, Alt. SpUce 2, A4(751), (cxlvUi) X76717 H. sapiens MT-11 mRNA, (cxlk) M64347 Human novel growth factor receptor mRNA, 3' cds, (cl) X05409 Human RNA for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase I ALDH I (EC 1.2.1.3), (cU) D87469 Human mRNA for K3AA0279 gene, partial cds, (cUi) M58603 Human nuclear factor kappa-B DNA binding subunit (NF-kappa-B) mRNA, complete cds, (cliu) M76482 Human 130-kD pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA, complete cds, (cliv) X06323 Human MRL3 mRNA for ribosomal protein L3 homologue ( MRL3 = mammalian ribosome L, (civ) X78992 H. sapiens ERF-2 mRNA, (clvi) L41351 H sapiens prostasin mRNA, complete cds, (clvii) X75342 H. sapiens SHB mRNA, (clviii) U83115 Human non-lens beta gamma-crystaUin like protein (AIMl) mRNA, partial cds, (elk) U88629 Human RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2, complete cds, (ck) S78825 Idl, (cki) U28811 Human cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckii) M58286 H. sapiens tumor necrosis factor receptor mRNA, complete cds, (ckiU) D78129 H. sapiens mRNA for squalene epoxidase, partial cds, (ckiv) D 14874 H. sapiens mRNA for adrenomedullin precursor, complete cds, (ckv) Z26317 H sapiens mRNA for desmoglein 2, (ckvi) L19267 H. sapiens 59 protein mRNA, 3' end, (ckvu) J00120 Proto-Oncogene C-Myc, Alt. Splice 3, Orf 114, (ckvUi) U33821 Human taxi -binding protein TXBP151 mRNA, complete cds, (ckk) U52100 Human XMP mRNA, complete cds, (ckx) L31801 H sapiens monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxi) L00058 Human (GH) germline c-myc proto- oncogene, exon 3 and 3' flank, (ckxU) U52426 H sapiens GOK (STIM1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxUi) M80244 Human El 6 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxiv) U56418 Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta mRNA, complete cds, (ckxv) L38490 H. sapiens ADP-ribosylation factor mRNA, complete cds, (clxxvi) U14603 Human protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HU-PP-1) mRNA, partial sequence, (clxxvu) L77886 Human protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA, complete cds, (ckxvui) M38258 Human retinoic acid receptor gamma 1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxk) X89750 H. sapiens mRNA for TGIF protein, (clxxx) D85429 H. sapiens gene for heat shock protein 40, complete cds, (ckxxi) J05211 Desmoplakin I, (ckxxu) M31627 Human X box binding protein- 1 (XBP-1) mRNA, complete cds, (clxxxiii) X80695 H. sapiens OXAlHs mRNA, (ckxxiv) M54915 Human h-pim-1 protein (h-pim-1) mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxv) D83777 Human mRNA for KIAA0193 gene, complete cds, (clxxxvi) D31883 Human mRNA for KIAA0059 gene, complete cds, (ckxxvii) U00968 Human SREBP-1 mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxvUi) K03195 Human (HepG2) glucose transporter gene mRNA, complete cds, (ckxxk) D86965 Human mRNA for KIAA0210 gene, complete cds, (cxc) Z30643 H. sapiens mRNA for chloride channel (putative) 2139bp, (cxci) D14520 Human mRNA for GC-Box binding protein BTEB2, complete cds, (cxcii) D87462 Human mRNA for KIAA0272 gene, partial cds, (cxciii) X80692 H. sapiens ERK3 mRNA, (cxciv) X90858 H. sapiens mRNA for uridine phosphorylase, (cxcv) M57763 Human ADP-ribosylation factor (hARF6) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcvi) X92720 H. sapiens mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (cxcvii) M81601 Human transcription elongation factor (SH) mRNA, complete cds, (cxcviii) X52611 Human mRNA for transcription factor AP-2, (cxck) U09587 Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (cc) U14550 Human sialyltransferase SThM (sthm) mRNA, complete cds, (cci) D90209 Human mRNA for DNA binding protein TAXREB67, (ccii) X77366 H. sapiens ΗBZ17 mRNA, (ccui) X76534 H. sapiens NMB mRNA, (cciv) U37519 Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8) mRNA, complete cds, (ccv) M83667 Human NF-JX6-beta protein mRNA, complete cds, (ccvi) U53347 Human neutral amino acid transporter B mRNA, complete cds, (ccvii) L09229 Human long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (FACL1) mRNA, complete cds, (ccviii) S73591 brain-expressed HHCPA78 homolog [human, HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, (cck) Ml 3929 Human c-myc-P64 mRNA, initiating from promoter P0, (HLmyc2.5) partial cds, (ccx) M55268 Human casein kinase II alpha' subunit mRNA, complete cds, (ccxi) M77836 Human pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxii) HG2724-HT2820_at S75762 Oncogene Tls/Chop, Fusion Activated, (ccxiii) U72066 H. sapiens CtBP interacting protein CtlP (CtlP) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxiv) U42031 Human 54 kDa progesterone receptor- associated immunophUin FKBP54 mRNA, partial, (ccxv) M27396 Human asparagine synthetase mRNA, complete cds, (ccxvi) X01630 Human mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase, (ccxvii) D32050 Human mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, complete cds, (ccxviii) M90656 Human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA, complete cds, (ccxk) J04102 Human erythroblastosis virus oncogene homolog 2 (ets-2) mRNA, complete cds, and (ccxx) X69111 H. sapiens HLH 1R21 mRNA for helk- loop-helk protein. 95. The method according to Claim 86, wherein the levels of the plurality of proteins are measured by ELISA. 96. A method for detecting exposure of a cell to ultraviolet radiation by screening for a response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis, comprising: (a) measuring the levels of a plurality of RNA molecules in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a test pattern of expression; and (b) comparing the test pattern of expression the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and wherein if the pattern of expression for the ceU is substantially similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the cell was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. 97. A method for detecting exposure of a ceU to ultraviolet radiation by screening for a response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation exposure, the response being an altered pattern of expression determined by gene expression array analysis, comprising: (a) measuring the levels of a plurality of proteins in the cell for at least one time point after ultraviolet radiation exposure to estabUsh a test pattern of expression; and (b) comparing the test pattern of expression the response of a cell to ultraviolet radiation exposure; and (c) wherein if the pattern of expression for the ceU is substantiaUy similar to the response of the ceU to ultraviolet radiation, the ceU was exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Inventors: BLUMENBERG MIROSLAV, BLUMENBERG, MIROSLAV
Applicants: UNIV NEW YORK, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Application year: 2001
Main classification: C12Q1
IPC codes: A61K45, A61P17, C12N15, C12Q1