LOAD SUPPORT AND CORRESPONDING SUPPORT BASE WHICH ARE USED IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDINGS

Abstract: The support determines a structure based on vertical struts (1) with brackets (2-2') for the fastening of horizontal posts (4) and diagonal crosspieces (5), forming a modular structure which can be se cured abutting upon others identical, each module being complemented at the top with a finishing terminal constituted for each strut (1) by a tubular portion (14) of the same configuration as the strut (1), with a spindle (15) finished at the top in a rounded head which in turn rests on a flat head (17) for support of the corresponding load, either shuttering or a load-bearing deck, that upper finishing terminal being complemented by some tensioning members formed by bars (20) connected with an intermediate tensioning member (21) threaded thereto in reverse fashion. The struts (1) at their lower end are fastened to a sustaining base properly anchored on a concrete footing with appropriate mortar and levelling screws.

Description: OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a support with its corresponding sustaining base anchored to the ground, and which support finds special application in construction, both in civil works and in buildings, constituting a strong means of support for shuttering of a civil work (viaducts mainly) or of a building, for a load-bearing platform, etc. It is an object of the invention to provide a support for civil works and buildings, with its corresponding sustaining base, which is modular and completely collapsible, able to support or to withstand on its upper part large vertical loads and at a great height. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the construction sector, and specifically in certain types of civil works and buildings, structures are sometimes used in lattice form which can reach significant heights and are foreseen for supporting large loads, it being possible to mention three well-known structural systems, which correspond to: MILLS System, which constitutes a species of traditional scaffolding, based on a series of prefabricated elements which can constitute the sides, being plugged together height-wise and joined to each other by diagonal bars which maintain the scaffold or structure faces parallel, permitting the forces to be transmitted toward the vertical sustaining standards, so that on the upper part or top of this structure in scaffold form corresponding to this system, an element is placed which can support shuttering for the erection of a building or civil work. This structural system is of great complexity and occupies a large surface area, independently of it being mounted based on already prefabricated elements. HUNNEBECK System, constituted by a structure of characteristics similar to the aforementioned, but foreseen to support larger loads, this system having prefabricated side pieces completed with beams on the ends thereof which can be joined in height until the desired height is reached, so that those beams can have a length of up to four metres and at intermediate positions over the height thereof have some anchoring elements welded diagonally for the securing in them, by screwing, of cross-ties which will secure both sides of the structure. This system suffers from the same defects as referred to in the previous point, that is, it is complex, it is incorporated based on already prefabricated elements and it occupies a large surface area. NISSO System, based on a structure with characteristics very similar to those previously mentioned, although in this system the prefabricated sides, instead of being fixed, are foldable in scissor form, having some telescopic bars which serve as side ties to facilitate the folding of said bars. Other systems are also known, like those to be found in the Patent documents listed hereunder. In the document ES 2117912 for "COLLAPSIBLE MODULAR STRUCTURE FOR SUPPORT OF WORKS", a collapsible modular tubular structure is described in parallelepiped form, the upper and lower sides of which are constituted by pairs of rigid frames and the smaller vertical sides of which are hollow and permit the insertion of bars constituting the sides, as well as having tilting flukes and latches to permit assembly of the diagonal bars. In another document, the Spanish ES 2133076 which has the title of "STRUCTURE FOR SUPPORT OF LOADS", an invention similar to the previous one is found, intended to support loads, especially shuttering panels and comprised of modules in parallelepiped form, stackable and adjustable in height consisting of tubular elements, the vertical edges of which are equipped with projecting pivots on several of the faces to receive the bars for bracing. The European patent EP 0311491, for "SCAFFOLDING WITH TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS" also reveals an invention relative to a scaffolding constituted by the assembling of triangular elements, each one of which has a vertical tube and a socket for clipping the vertical tube of one element, into the vertical tube of another triangular element. Patent DE-A-24 39 273 refers to a support for loads comprising vertical struts with lower and upper brackets for the fastening, by means of a bolt or a pin, of horizontal posts and diagonal crosspieces, the upper part of each strut being complemented with a terminal finish with a spindle equipped with a supporting flat and upper head. Patent DE-A-25 56 365 refers to a support for loads comprising vertical struts whose upper and lower ends are fitted with holes to allow the overlapping and fastening of corresponding other struts which are fastened vertically with the previous ones to reach a determined height. Patent EP-A-0 855 483 refers to a scaffolding support structure for construction applications, it has support structures of assembled welded lattices, with the poles forming at least three scaffolding pole modules, with their connection plates acting as struts outside the structures. The scaffolding pole modules are secured to adjacent structure plates, and in succession are positioned by the central shrouding poles of head and foot spindles, together with setting nuts, to give the height leveling. Finally, other possible embodiments of collapsible frames used for the sustaining of shuttering are those proposed in the Spanish patents ES 2014124 and ES 2065205, as well as in the PCT number WO 9302266. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The support for loads and corresponding sustaining base for its anchoring to the ground which is propounded, is based on a completely collapsible and modular structure, greatly facilitating its transport, with a minimum volumetric occupation both in its storage and in its transport, and what is more important, it can be mounted without any kind of difficulty and in a short period of time on the work site, being erected in the workplace itself. More specifically, the support of the invention is constituted from four vertical struts which are located in correspondence with the corners of a hypothetical square, struts which will include on their ends four brackets in cross formation, that is separated equally by 90° from each other, it being possible to have brackets at intermediate points of the strut, depending on the latter. Said brackets are constituted in a means of fastening the ends of the corresponding horizontal posts and diagonal crosspieces, constituted both in one and the other case by means of tubular elements of square cross-section, preferably, with their ends finished in pairs of lugs with holes which are located opposite another of the holes foreseen for this purpose in the referenced brackets, so that by means of a transversal and appropriate pin, with head and truncated-conical end, the fastening or assembly of the aforementioned posts and diagonal crosspieces is carried out with respect to the vertical struts. The diagonal crosspieces are also fastened to the brackets established for this purpose in an intermediate area of the actual horizontal posts, said brackets also having holes for the fastening of the lugs corresponding to the ends of the diagonal crosspieces on the mentioned brackets, by means of the corresponding pins or bolts. Each module of those constituted by four vertical struts, with their upper and lower horizontal posts, as well as with their diagonal crosspieces, can be coupled to another or others similar until the desired height is reached, for which both the upper end and the lower end of the actual vertical struts, which will be preferably of circular cross-section, have plates, in one case circular and with holes, and in another case of square or rectangular configuration, again with holes, to permit the fastening or securing of the modules to each other, by means of the corresponding screws. The support is also complemented with horizontal internal diagonals, foreseen precisely between the upper and lower panels of the vertical struts. On the upper part a finishing terminal is mounted which constitutes the means of support for shuttering, or for a load platform, etc. That terminal finish is constituted, for each vertical strut, by a spindle finished at the top in a supporting head and below the same some lateral gripping arms, constituting lever arms to operate the actual spindle in movement, which is complemented with a locknut, all this so that the spindle is located over a tubular portion of identical configuration to the corresponding struts and which tubular portion has the same lower plate as will be superimposed upon the upper plate of the upper strut, and with the brackets in cross formation for the fastening, in this case, of tensioning members formed by pairs of bars threaded in opposite direction on an element constituting the actual tensioning member. The upper support plate foreseen on the referenced terminal finishes, that is on the head of the spindle, allows not only support for shuttering, but also allows the securing and fastening of beams defining a deck or platform. The support constituted in the manner described, with its corresponding upper terminal finish, also described, can be joined laterally to others the same, being placed abutting and being joined by means of the respective horizontal posts and diagonal crosspieces, determining complex resistant structures. The support is complemented with a sustaining base which is secured to the ground by means of some anchors which are dismountable and are secured to corresponding support footings established for this purpose in the ground. On those support footings is mounted, through corresponding levelling screws, a structure constituting the base proper, determined by a pair of UPN profiles fastened both above and below between plates, the upper foreseen for the fastening of the lower plate corresponding to the corresponding vertical strut, whilst the lower one is foreseen to be supported on a levelling mortar, so that the weight does not rest on the levelling screws, but on the supporting surface constituted by the corresponding levelling mortar. Those profiles associated with the levelling means, are constituted in turn in support of other profiles transversal thereto and of smaller size, on which are mounted the respective bars determining the anchors of said sustaining base on the corresponding concrete footing. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complete the description which is being made and with the object of assisting in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical embodiment thereof, this description is accompanied with a set of drawings, forming an integral part thereof, wherein, by way of illustration and not restrictively, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows a view in elevation of a part of the support for loads, embodied in accordance with the object of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a plan view of the support represented in the previous figure. Figure 3 shows a side view of the pin or bolt used in the fastening of the different elements which constitute the support. Figure 4 shows a view in elevation of the upper part of a support on which is mounted the corresponding terminal finish formed by the respective spindles, supporting in this case a deck formed from H-beams and between them U-channels, with diagonal tensioning members. Figure 5 shows another side view, for another of the sides, of the assembly represented in the previous figure. Figure 6 shows a view in elevation corresponding to the terminal finish formed by the tubular portion which is fastened to the upper end of the vertical strut corresponding to the support and the spindle mounted thereon. Figure 7 shows a detail in longitudinal section of the spindle represented in the previous figure. Figure 8 shows a view in transversal section of the tubular portion or element in which the spindle is finished represented in the previous figure. Figure 9 shows a view in elevation of the lower part of a support mounted on the corresponding sustaining base, with the corresponding levelling means, and in exploded detail of the anchoring of that sustaining base on a concrete footing. Figure 10 shows a longitudinal view of the sustaining base which forms part of the assembly represented in the previous figure, with an exploded detail of its anchoring to the corresponding concrete footing. Figure 11 shows, finally, an example of use of the support of the invention for the construction of a bridge. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In the light of the aforementioned figures it can be observed how the support of the invention is constituted from a series of vertical struts (1) which are tubular and of preferably circular cross-section. These struts (1) can be of more or less length and be equipped, both on their lower end and on their upper end, with respective groups of brackets (2-2'), projected radially in cross formation, that is arranged at 90° to each other with respect to the corresponding vertical strut (1). Depending on the length of the struts, there can be other intermediate brackets (2) similar to the lower brackets already mentioned, so that in any case all the brackets (2-2') come with holes (3) for the fastening both of horizontal posts (4) and of diagonal crosspieces (5), constituted both in one and in the other case by profiles preferably of square cross-section and equipped on their ends with respective lugs (6) with holes which face the holes (3) of the brackets (2-2'), for fastening by means of a pin or bolt (7), represented in figure 3, with a rigid and resistant intermediate part, with a butt head (8) and a conical end part (9) to facilitate the insertion of the actual bolt or pin (7) through the facing holes of the lugs (6) of the horizontal posts (4) and diagonal crosspieces (5) and of the brackets (2-2') themselves. That pin or bolt (7) also has a hole (10) in order to, once introduced in the previously commented holes, effect the immobilization of the anchoring implemented by means of a hook clip or similar element. The diagonal crosspieces (5) are fastened in turn, not only to the brackets (2) of the vertical posts (1), but to another bracket (2) foreseen in an intermediate area of the vertical posts (4), as is shown clearly in figure 1. The lower end of the vertical struts (1) includes a circular plate (11) with holes (12), whilst on the upper end there is a square plate (13) also with holes (12), to implement the fastening to each other of different modular supports, or what is the same different vertical struts (1) when they are fastened in vertical fashion one after another, as is shown in dashed lines in figure 1. The upper part of the support constituted as is represented in figures 1 and 2, with the fastening of the posts (4) and diagonal crosspieces (5), by means of the pertinent bolts or pins (7), is complemented with an upper and terminal finish constituted, in each case, from a tubular portion (14) of identical configuration to that of the actual vertical struts (1), on which tubular portion (14) is mounted a spindle (15) with a locknut (16) and an upper head (17) which is flat and horizontal, with holes (18), for such upper head (17) to determine the means of support for shuttering, a deck or any other load-bearing means corresponding, being complemented with some arms (19), below the flat head (18), for manipulation and carrying out the rotary movement of the spindle (15) and seeking in a greater or lesser measure the insertion in the tubular portion (14), which on its lower end has a square plate (13') identical to that foreseen on the upper end of the vertical struts (1), being both superimposed in the assembly of that terminal finish on such struts (1), as is represented in figures 4 and 5, allowing the fastening to each other to be carried out by means of corresponding screws, with the particularity that the brackets (2') foreseen on the tubular portion (14) of those upper terminal finishes, are constituted likewise in means of anchoring for corresponding diagonal tensioning members constituted by pairs of bars (20) on which are mounted by reverse screwing corresponding intermediate tensioning members (21), so that the rotation of the latter signifies the greater or lesser tensioning of the bars (20) and therefore of those tensioning members which form the same. In figure 7 it can be observed how the flat and upper head (17) of the screws (15) is complemented with some angular fishplates (22). Finally, in figures 9 and 10 the sustaining base of the support described can be observed, so that said sustaining base is constituted from a pair of profiles (23) located on a levelling mortar (24) to which are anchored some levelling screws (25) which pass, logically, through the profiles (23), as is represented in the detail of figures 9 and 10, those profiles (23) being arranged between a pair of plates (26), the lower one of which rests on the levelling mortar (24), whilst the upper faces the lower plate (11) of the respective vertical strut (1), being fastened by means of corresponding screws (27). On the profiles (23) are in turn supported some short transversal profiles (28) through which is fastened the bar (29) which constitutes the anchor of said base on a concrete footing (30), as is represented clearly in the details of figures 9 and 10. In relation with the terminal finish represented in figures 4, 5 and 6, and of the actual sustaining base shown in figures 9 and 10, it is pointed out that based on the spindles (15) of the corresponding upper terminal finish, one achieves a perfect alignment and emplacement of shuttering which the flat and upper head (17) of the actual spindles (15) supports, or of the corresponding element to be sustained, as may be a deck (31) for loads, constituted by profiles (32) resting and fastened on the plates which constitute the flat and upper heads (17) of the spindles (15), complemented with transversal beams (33) fastened between the previous pieces, to constitute the actual deck supporting the loads, so that on the beams (33) is fastened one of the lengths of the bars (20) corresponding to the tensioning members (21), which collaborate in sustaining the shuttering which that upper finishing terminal can support. As regards the lower sustaining base represented in figures 9 and 10, the same is foreseen to achieve an appropriate levelling of the assembly of the supports, and wherein the anchoring bars (29) determine the means of fastening said sustaining base to the concrete footing (30) on which the base is seated and on which are also fastened the supports described previously. Lastly, in figure 11, an example is represented of employment of the support of the invention, the placement being observed of such supports in structures of different height (34), adapted to different ground levels. In this embodiment it is possible to observe the different groupings in height of the supports and how the same are adapted to sustain either ribs (35) or shuttering panels directly.

Claims: Support for loads applicable in civil works and buildings to form a bearing and support structure, for example, for the shuttering of a viaduct, or as support of a load-bearing platform, said support comprising a series of vertical struts (1) with lower (2) and upper (2') brackets, with holes (3) for the fastening, by means of a bolt or pin (7), of horizontal posts (4) and diagonal crosspieces (5) wherein both the lower and the upper end of the referenced struts (1) have plates (11,13) provided with holes (12) to allow the overlapping and fastening of corresponding other struts (1) which are fastened vertically with the previous ones to reach a determined height and wherein the upper part of each strut (1) is complemented with a terminal finish with a spindle (15) equipped with a flat and upper head (17) for supporting a shuttering or a load-bearing deck (31), characterised in that it comprises a completely collapsible and modular structure which further incorporates a sustaining base for fastening the support to the ground comprising a pair of profiles (23) located on a lever mortar (24) to which are anchored some levelling screws (25) which pass through the profiles (23), and transversal securing profiles (28) with corresponding anchoring bars (29) for anchoring said sustaining base on a concrete footing (30) established on the ground. Support for loads applicable in civil works and buildings, according to claim 1, characterised in that the vertical struts (1) are tubular and of circular cross-section, whilst their length is variable, it being possible to incorporate intermediate brackets (2) for the securing of intermediate horizontal posts (4) and horizontal crosspieces (5), with the particularity that said horizontal intermediate posts (4) have a central lug (2) whereon are fastened the ends corresponding to the diagonal crosspieces (5), and that both these and the actual posts (4) are equipped on their ends with lugs (6) with holes which face the respective holes (3) foreseen in the brackets (2-2') for the passage of the securing pin or bolt (2), the latter being retained by means of a hook clip or similar element mounted in a hole (10) established in the actual bolt (7), which has a butt head (8) and a truncated-conical end (9) to facilitate its insertion through the holes (3) of the brackets (2-2') and lugs (6) of the horizontal posts (4) and diagonal crosspieces (5). Support for loads applicable in civil works and buildings, according to previous claims, characterised in that the upper terminal finish is constituted, for each strut (1), by a tubular portion (14) of the same configuration as the actual strut (1), wherein is mounted by screwing an axial spindle (15) complemented with a locknut (16), the spindle (15) being finished in the flat and upper head (17) which determines the supporting element for the load-bearing deck (31) or the corresponding shuttering, said spindle (15) having some lever arms (19) foreseen underneath and in proximity to the upper and flat head (17), for the manipulating of said spindle (15) and to achieve the appropriate levelling of said finishing terminal; and that the tubular portion (14) has a lower plate (13') similar to the respective upper plate (13) of the vertical strut (1) for the fastening by means of screws passing through the holes (12) of those plates (13, 13'), that tubular portion (14) having likewise lugs (2') for the fastening of tensioning member elements constituted by pairs of bars (20) connected to each other by means of an intermediate tensioning member (21) threaded in reverse direction between such bars (20) of each tensioning member. Support for loads applicable in civil works and buildings, according to previous claims, characterised in that the lower profiles (23) of the sustaining base are fastened between two plates (26), the lower one of which rests on a levelling mortar (24), whilst the upper plate (26) is fastened to the lower plate (11) of the respective vertical strut (1) by means of corresponding screws (27).

Inventors: AROZENA BERGARETXE ALBERTO, AROZENA BERGARETXE, ALBERTO
Applicants: ULMA C Y E S COOP, ULMA C Y E, S. COOP.
Application year: 2001
Main classification: E04G1
IPC codes: E04G1, E04G11