Construction arrangement for ship balconies

Abstract: A construction arrangement for ships balconies, especially for passenger ships and in particular for ships having a plurality of tiered balconies. The ship is provided with supporting brackets (5) or equivalent constructions which are adapted to receive the load-bearing members (6) comprising floor elements. In preferred embodiments, hollow support pillars (8,8a) are provided, which communicate with channels (12) in the floor elements (6) to provide a sewerage arrangement for disposal of rain water.

Description: This invention relates to the construction of ships, especially of passenger ships which are provided with balconies. In particular (though not exclusively), it relates to the construction of ships provided with tiers of balconies provided one above the other. It is conventional to construct balconies within the frame of the ship, in which case the outer edge of the ship also forms the outer edge of the balcony. This arrangement takes up valuable space inside the ship and additionally makes the maintenance of the balconies difficult. Another known solution is to fasten the balconies to the outer wall of the ship by means of a separate framework construction by which the balconies are supported. Such a construction suffers from the disadvantages of complexity and weight. The invention seeks to provide a balcony arrangement which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages and which is simple to assemble and modify. This purpose is achieved by the arrangement of the invention, whose principal characteristic features appear in claim 1. The arrangement according to the invention provides a balcony construction which is light and simple and which can readily be modified according to need at the point of assembly. Once the supporting brackets have been affixed to the ship, the load-bearing floor elements can readily be mounted thereon. Other balcony features to be supported by the floor element can then be installed according to the desired balcony arrangement. The supporting brackets can for example be assembled to the extension of the bracing frame arcs, or they can be attached at desired positions to the outer wall of the ship (i.e. to the bodywork of the ship) for example by welding. If desired, the brackets can be attached underneath the floor elements prior to attachment to the bodywork of the ship. Supporting pillars are provided, at least at the points of division between adjacent balconies (i.e. between adjoining sections of balcony which are divided to form separate balconies). Each pillar is supported at its lower end by the load-bearing floor element and may also be supported at its upper end (in arrangements in which two or more tiers of balconies are arranged one above the other) by the bracket or other portion of a balcony vertically above it. Adjacent balconies may be separated from each other by means of wall elements, each of which advantageously is supported at one lateral edge by a supporting pillar and at the other edge by an outer wall of the ship or an outer wall of a cabin. The wall element is advantageously in the form of a door, which enables easy access from one balcony to another. This arrangement facilitates cleaning work and also enables the arrangement of combined balconies, for example for two adjoining cabins. Preferably, the supporting pillars are hollow and form part of a sewerage system for collecting and disposing of rainwater, sea spray and the like, thus avoiding the need for separate dedicated means for this purpose. In such an arrangement it is advantageous to provide the floor elements with troughed elements forming a channel, to act as a conduit for surface water. Each floor element is preferably associated with an inlet permitting the water channel to communicate with the hollow interior of a support pillar, thus guiding the water away from the balcony. The inlet can, for example, be formed with a funnel-shaped construction to assist the guidance of the water. In arrangements with several tiered balconies one above the other, each inlet is desirably arranged to open inside a supporting pillar situated underneath its respective floor element, thus permitting at least the overlapping balconies to be connected to the same sewerage system. Each balcony is advantageously equipped with a rail (in this context a wall element surmounted by a hand rail), which is supported by the outer edge of the floor element and by at least one and preferably two neighbouring supporting pillars. For this purpose, the outer edge of the floor element is advantageously equipped with a fitting element, which comprises the above mentioned troughed element and a receiving element for the rail. The load-bearing construction of the floor elements may advantageously be formed from a composite material, including two opposing surface elements, which are fabricated for example from aluminium, between which is sandwiched a honeycomb element. This kind of structure makes the floor element light, but still load proof. The invention is hereinafter described in more detail by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of balcony arrangement according to the invention; Fig 2 is a front elevation of the balcony arrangement of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a vertical section through a balcony arrangement according to the invention; Fig 4 is a vertical section through an alternative embodiment according to the invention; and Fig 5 is a vertical section through a fitting organ combined with a floor element, suitable for use in any of the illustrated embodiments. In Figure 2, reference numeral 1 indicates a cabin, whose door 2 opens to a balcony 3. A floor element 6 is attached to the frame of the ship or to support bracket 5, which is mounted to the hull 4 of a ship. Adjacent balconies 3 are separated from each other by a wall element 7, which is supported at one lateral edge by the outer wall 4 of the ship and at the opposite lateral edge by a supporting pillar 8. To supporting pillars 8 are also attached protecting plates 9, which provide a visual obstruction from one balcony to another. In addition, each balcony is equipped with a safety rail 10 and a downwardly extending protecting plate 11. The protecting plate is designed principally to improve the exterior appearance of the balcony by covering the supporting brackets 5, but it also performs an additional screening function. In the balcony arrangement shown in Figure 3, the floor element 6 is mounted on supporting bracket 5, which can be for example a steel T-profile bracket and which is mounted to the hull of the ship. The supporting pillar 8 is supported at its bottom end by the floor element 6 and at its upper end by a supporting bracket 5 of the balcony 3 situated vertically above it. Alternatively, the supporting pillar 8 could be attached at its upper end, for example to the above-situated floor element 6 or protecting plate 11 of an upper balcony. The mode of bracing can be chosen according to the desired balcony arrangement. The supporting pillar 8 is formed hollow, to allow it to form part of a sewerage system, for example for the removal of rain water. The sewerage system also comprises a flume or channel 12 (figure 5) running along the outer edge of the floor element 6 and communicating at at least one end with the hollow interior of a support pillar 8. At the junction of the supporting pillar 8 and the flume 12, inlet 13 passes through the floor element 6. The inlet 13 discharges inside the hollow supporting pillar 8 of the balcony 3 below, thus guiding water from one balcony to another. The inlet itself may have a funnel shaped construction to assist in guiding the water. Alternatively, the lower edge of the supporting pillar 8, for example from inside, can be provided with a similar funnel shaped construction. The balcony 3 is equipped with a rail 10, which is supported by the outer edge of the floor element 6 and by the supporting pillar 8. In the illustrated embodiment, the rail is attached at its upper handrail to the supporting pillar 8. The floor element 6 is equipped with fitting element 14, shown in more detail in Figure 5. The fitting element 14 is assembled to the outer edge of the floor element 6 and consists of the abovementioned protecting plate 11, receiving element 15 adapted to engage the bottom edge of rail 10 and the abovementioned troughed portion forming flume 12. The precise form and construction of the receiving element can be varied according to desired balcony arrangement. The basis of the construction is that of a simple multifunctional component which may be attached to the floor element and which at the same time supports the rail, forms a part of the sewerage arrangement and provides part of the protective arrangement of the balcony. It may also serve to support the pillar 8. In Figure 5 it is also shown how the fitting element 14 can act as a bolt element or as a support element for a floor covering 18 of the balcony, for example for planking. The floor element 6 is formed of a composite construction which consists of two opposing surface elements 16, which for example can be of aluminium, and between them a honeycomb element 17. Also the protecting plate 11 of the fitting element 14 can be of similar construction. The balcony arrangement also comprises wall element 7 situated between balconies 3. The wall element 7 is supported at one upright lateral edge by the supporting pillar 8 and at the other upright lateral edge by the outer wall 4 of the ship or by the outer wall of the cabin. The supporting pillar 8 and the outer wall 4 serve to frame the wall element, which is desirably formed as a door to enable passage between one balcony and the next. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 is largely equivalent to that illustrated in Figure 3, except that the lower balcony is narrower than the balcony above it. As will be seen, the upper portion of the supporting pillar 8a, is formed with an 's' bend so that it fits the positions required by both upper and lower balconies. It will also be noted that the lower supporting bracket 5 is shorter and that the wall element of the upper balcony is divided into two parts (7a and 7b). Additionally, since there is no further balcony below the lower balcony illustrated in Figure 5, inlet 13 terminates in discharge opening 13a, which may be attached to the sewerage system (e.g. the "HPAC" - heating, plumbing and air-conditioning system) of the ship. The embodiment illustrates well the ease with which one can adapt the arrangement according to the invention to each assembly location; in this instance, the narrower lower balcony is necessitated by the salvage boat davit 19. The balcony arrangement described above, comprising a floor element and its associated accessory parts, may be regarded as forming an independent construction module which can be made, for example, as a one, two or four cabin long unit. The module can be prefabricated and fastened intact to support brackets provided on the ship, or supporting elements can be pre-attached to the balcony module itself. It will be understood that, for example, in large passenger ships, where the number of cabins can be about one thousand and the aim is to maximise the number of balcony cabins, this simplifies and expedites the construction of the ship. The balcony arrangement can be made very light, for example by means of the above mentioned aluminium composite structure of the supporting floor element and the necessity for few mounting structures compared to the known techniques, whereby a significant reduction of weight may be achieved. The weight saving achieved by using balconies according to the invention can be in the region of 30-120 tonnes. This reduction in weight is of substantial importance, particularly taking into account the fact that the balconies are normally situated in the upper decks of the ship; the reduction in weight therefore serves to improve the stability of the ship. In the description above, the invention is described with particular reference to passenger ships, in the context of balconies provided for individual cabins. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is equally applicable to ships of other kinds and/or that the balconies may be arranged together with spaces other than individual cabins, for example together with restaurant space or living space. Though the invention is described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments, it will be readily apparent to the skilled reader that numerous modifications are feasible within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims: A construction arrangement for ships balconies, for example for a passenger ship, the arrangement comprising one or more load-bearing members of a balcony (3) adapted to be mounted to the hull of the ship by means of supporting brackets (5), the or each said load-bearing member comprising one or more floor elements (6), and supporting pillars (8;8a) being provided, each such supporting pillar being supported at its lower end by one of said floor elements (6) and at its upper end by the bracket (5) or by another portion of a balcony vertically above it. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the supporting pillars (8;8a) are hollow and that the floor element is provided with a channel (12), the hollow pillars and channels together forming part of a sewage system for the removal of rainwater, wherein at least one end of each channel communicates with the hollow interior of a supporting pillar via an inlet therein, (13; 13a), such inlet passing through the floor element (6). An arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the inlet (13) is arranged to open within a supporting pillar (8) located beneath the floor element (6). An arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the balcony (3) is provided with a rail (10), which is supported by the outer edge of the floor element (6) and by at least one supporting pillar (8;8a). An arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that the outer edge of the floor element (6) comprises a fitting element (14), which comprises a troughed element (12) and a receiving element (15) for the rail (10). An arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the fitting element (14) comprises a protecting plate (11). An arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that between adjoining balconies or sections of balcony are arranged wall elements (7;7a,7b) each of which is supported at one lateral edge by a supporting pillar (8;8a) and at its opposite lateral edge by the outer wall (4) of the ship or cabin. An arrangement according to claim 7, characterised in that the wall element (7;7a,7b) comprises a door. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the floor element (6) of the balcony (3) is constructed from a composite material which comprises two opposing surface elements (16), for example of aluminium, and between them a honeycomb element (17).

Inventors: NISKANEN REIJO, SAARELA TAPANI, NISKANEN, REIJO, SAARELA, TAPANI
Applicants: KVAERNER MASA YARDS OY, KVAERNER MASA-YARDS OY
Application year: 2000
Main classification: B63B3
IPC codes: B63B29