PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HARD-MATERIAL-COATED COMPONENT

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a hard-material-coated component, comprising the following steps: application of a layer of hard material to the component in a PVD coating unit; and structural further processing of the outer surface of the layer of hard material, and to a component produced using the process. Particularly in the case of thick coatings or coatings with a columnar structure, such processes have a problem producing a sufficiently smooth surface on the coating. This problem is solved by the fact that for the structural further processing, the surface of the layer is blasted in a blasting device in order to improve this surface, an inorganic blasting agent with a grain size in the range from 1 mu m to 100 mu m and a sharp-edged grain shape being used.

Description: Process for producing a hard-material -coated component The invention relates to a process for producing a hard- material -coated component, comprising the following steps: application of a layer of hard material to the component m a PVD coating unit; and structural further processing of the outer surface of the layer of hard material . The invention also relates to a component produced using the process, m particular a tool, which is provided w th a coating of hard material and the surface of which has undergone after-treatment. Numerous PVD coating processes for applying a layer of hard material to a component are known m the prior art . These processes include both cathode sputtering processes and arc discharge processes. The layers of hard material applied during a PVD coating process are condensates on surfaces of component or tools of all types. The PVD layers are used, inter alia, as a functional coating, and also a decorative coating. In most applications, they improve the wear properties of the coated tools, which may, for example, be twist drills or throw-away cutting inserts. Examples of such PVD layers are nitride, oxide, carbide, carbonitride and boπde compounds of a very wide range of metals. Specific examples which may be mentioned are titanium nitride (TiN) , titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) , titanium carbonitride (TiCN) , titanium diboπde (TιB 2 ) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 0 3 ) . The components and tools which are intended to be coated may consist of sintered carbide and, m the case of tools, of tool steel . Depending on the particular PVD coating process employed, PVD layers have a close-packed to columnar layer structure. Moreover, the technical -grade surfaces of the components to be coated range, in terms of their state/roughness, from polished to ground, spark-eroded, sintered or microblasted. The PVD layers which are deposited on such technical -grade surfaces exhibit microtopography/microroughness m addition to roughness which originates from the surface of the coated component. These surface features are determined by process- related layer growth characteristics (e.g. droplets), layer growth flaws (pm holes/cannibals) , layer imperfections (spangles, dust) and layer structure (columnar nature) . These undesirable layer surface phenomena m the PVD layers become more emphasised as the thicknesses of these layers increase. This applies m particular to the columnar layer structure, which may cause microroughness and growth flaws. Consequently, an increase m the layer thickness of PVD layers is generally associated with a deterioration m the surface quality. However, it is desirable for PVD layers which are as thick as possible to be applied to the components, since, m particular when coated tools and components are being used for machining, they provide a higher wear volume and therefore considerably increase the service life of, for example, a tool . To improve the surface quality of PVD layers which have been grown on m columnar form, or of close-packed PVD layers, it has already been attempted to further process the coated components. This further processing has been carried out m the form of surface polishing of the PVD layer, often manually. However, such polishing is time-consuming and does not adequately ensure that the surface properties of the PVD layer are uniform. JP 02254144 describes a method for manufacturing coated cutting tools. The cutting tools are coated with a single phase of a hard substance such as the carbide, nitride, carbonitride, oxide, oxygen carbide, oxygen nitride and oxygen carbon nitride of, for example, tungsten, using a PVD method, a CVD-method or the like. The surface of the coated layer ist subjected to shot peening treatment with 10-2000 μm diameter particles at an injection speed of 20-120 m/s and an injection angle of more than 30 degrees. The shot peening substance is iron powder, cast steel powder, C powder or ceramic powder, each of which having a spherical grain shape . Working on this basis, the invention is based on the object of providing a production process for components which are provided with a PVD layer, in particular tools, which process can be used to produce PVD-coated components with a columnar structure and/or a relatively great thickness which provide a satisfactory surface structure of the PVD layer in particular for machining purposes. Moreover, it is intended to described a PVD-coated, after-treated component which has considerably improved roughness characteristics on the expo- sed surface of the PVD layer compared to known components, in particular tools. With regard to the process, the object is achieved by means of a process for producing a hard-material -coated component, comprising the following steps: application of a layer of hard material to the component in a PVD coating unit; and structural further processing of the outer surface of the layer of hard material, in which process for the structural further processing, the surface of the layer is blasted in a blasting device in order to improve this surface, an inorganic blasting agent with a grain size in the range from 1 μm to 100 μm being used. According to the invention, the finished coated component is blasted using an inorganic blasting agent with a very small grain size compared to conventional blasting processes. Experimental investigations have shown that the surface structure of PVD layers/coatings of a thickness of at least 2,5 μm which have been grown in columnar form is homogenized and smoothed. The same advantages also result for close- packed PVD layers, in particular even if they have a thick- ness of more than 4 μm. TiB 2 may be mentioned as an example of a material for a PVD layer which has been grown on in columnar form, while the hard material TiAlN may have a close-packed structure given by a suitable PVD coating process. In principle, however, the process can be applied to all PVD layers of hard materials to improve the surface quality of these layers, in particular to reduce their surface roughness, so that they can be used in particular for machining processes . The blasting agent has a sharp-edged grain shape, as is the case, for example, with the blasting agents A1 2 0 3 (crystal corundum) and SiC. In principle, all natural inorganic or synthetic inorganic, usually solid, blasting agents which comply with the grain size and shape for the blasting agent defined above may be considered. Further examples which may be mentioned are broken stone, slag, broken glass and silica sand. The grain size of the blasting agent is preferably in a range from 1- 50 μm, particularly preferably in a range from 10-15 μm. In principle, the blasting of the PVD-coated components can be carried out in any desired way. Both shot blasting and pressure blasting are possible; pressure blasting provides very good results for improving the surfaces of the PVD layers. Compressed-air blasting, wet compressed-air blasting, slurry blasting, pressurized liquid blasting and steam blasting, as listed and explained in DIN Standard No. 8200, to which reference is expressly made, are examples of pressure blasting. If compressed-air blasting is used in order to improve the surface of a PVD layer which has been deposited on a component, the blasting pressure behind the nozzle which is customarily used in this blasting process may be in the range from 1-10, preferably may be 2 -10 s Pa. Given a nozzle aperture cross section in the range from 4- 15 mm, the distance between the nozzle (s) and the coated component (s) is preferably in the range below 200 mm. It has proven particularly suitable for the nozzle cross section to be 11 mm and the distance between the nozzle (s) and the component (s) to be in the range from 30-100 mm. The invention also relates to a PVD-coated, after-treated component, in particular tool, having a substrate and a layer of hard material of predetermined thickness which is applied to the substrate during a PVD process, in which component - the thickness of the layer of hard material is at least 2,5 μm, preferably at least 4 μm, and the quotient of the roughness of the exposed surface of the layer of hard material before and after the after-treatment is greater than 1,2, preferably greater than 2. A PVD-coated, after-treated component of this type has an improved surface quality compared to known components. If a tool is being used for machining, the improved surface quality leads to comparatively better entry conditions. The smoother surface of the PVD layer compared to known tools also reduces the likelihood of the coated tool sticking, a phenomenon which leads to material from the PVD layer adhering to a workpiece which is to be machined. An improved surface quality compared to known PVD-coated components, m particular tools, is provided irrespective of the thickness of the PVD hard material layer structure which has been grown on m columnar form. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described m more detail below with reference to the drawings, m which: Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic side view of a blasting device for carrying out an after-treatment blasting process, with a plurality of blasting nozzles and a substrate holder; and Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic plan view of the blasting device shown m Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a blasting device with a substrate table 1 to which coated twist drills S are attached by means of holders 2. The holders 2 are arranged parallel to one another and run perpendicular to the surface of the substrate table 1. The substrate table 1 is rotatably mounted, while the holders 2 on the substrate table 1 are also rotatably mounted. The axes of rotation of the holders 2 and of the substrate table 1 run parallel to one another. When the blasting device is operating, therefore, the holders 2 rotate about the axis of rotation of the substrate table 1 and, at the same time, about their own axis of rotation. A total of four nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 is arranged at a distance from the substrate table 1. Each of the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 is arranged on a shaft 7, which runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the substrate table 1, by means of in each case one arm. The nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 can be displaced along the shaft 7 and therefore parallel to the axis of rotation of the substrate table by means of a drive (not shown) , speci- fically at a predetermined cycle frequency. The shaft 7 is sufficiently long for it to be possible to displace the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 over the entire height of the twist drills S. Consequently, when the blasting device is operating, the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 move along the twist drills S from the surface of the substrate table to the top end of the holders 2 and back, until a blasting process has finished. The nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 are divided into two pairs, specifi- cally a top pair of nozzles 3, 4 and a bottom pair of nozzles 5, 6 which, as can be seen from Fig. 1 in combination with Fig. 2, are all directed at a common point on the axis of rotation of the substrate table 1. Moreover, the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 are arranged at two different angles with respect to an axis of symmetry A of the blasting device which perpendicularly intersects both the axis of rotation of the substrate table and the shaft 7 on which the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 are arranged. The nozzle outlet axes of the nozzles 3, 4 form a smaller horizontal angle with the axis of symmetry A than do the nozzle outlet axes of the nozzles 5, 6. The nozzles 3 and 5 are therefore arranged symmetrically to the nozzles 4 and 6, respectively, with respect to the axis of symmetry A. The angle of one of the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 with respect to the substrate table 1 can be set in the following way. The horizontal directional component of the relevant nozzle is established by means of a protractor. The nozzle is attached to its arm in such a way that its angle can be set. This setting is carried out as desired. The vertical angle of the nozzle may be 45° with respect to the protractor, specifically in a vertical plane which intersects the protractor. The distance of the nozzle outlet end from the edge of the substrate table 1 can also be fixed by local adjustment of the nozzle on its arm. The angle of the nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 to the surface of the substrate table 1 may be between 0 and 90°, preferably between 0 and 45°. The lifting speed of the blasting nozzles 3, 4, 5, 6 may be in a range from 0 to 500 mm/min, preferably between 50 and 100 mm/min. The rotational speed of the holders 32 about the axis of rotation of the substrate table 1 may be in a range from 0 to 100 rpm, but is preferably 70 rpm. Examples of sets of parameters for carrying out a blasting process are given below: a) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Blasting agent: Al 2 0 3 (crystal corundum) Grain size of the blasting agent: 12.3 ± 1.0 μm/F500 Blasting pressure: 2-10 5 Pa Ratio of lifting speed of the nozzles to rotational speed of the substrate table: 0.002 Blasting duration: 900 - 1800 seconds After the end of the blasting process, a surface roughness of 1.84 R z was determined for the TiAlN layer, while the surface roughness R z of this layer prior to the blasting treatment was 2.67. b) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 4,7 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,67 (grinded) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 3,01 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 1,00 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment)/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 3,01 Blasting duration: 200-1200 seconds. Blasting agent, grain size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as in example a) . c) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 4,7 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,07 (polished) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 2,21 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 0,71 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment) / (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 3,11 Blasting duration: 200-1200 seconds. Blasting agent, grain size of the blasting agent, bla- sting pressure as in example a) . d) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 4,7 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,87 (microbla- sted) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 3,48 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 1,40 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment )/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 2,49 Blasting duration: 200-1200 seconds. Blasting agent, grain size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as example a) . e) PVD layer: TιB 2 (columnar structure) Layer thickness: 2,8 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,67 (grinded) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 1,37 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 0,81 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment )/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 1,70 Blasting duration: 300-600 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as example a) . f) PVD layer: TιB 2 (columnar structure) Layer thickness: 2,8 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,07 (polished) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 0,84 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 0,47 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment )/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 1,81 Blasting duration: 300-600 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, bla- sting pressure as example a) . g) PVD layer: TιB 2 (columnar structure) Layer thickness: 2,8 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,87 (microbla- sted) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 1,01 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 0,82 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment )/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 1,23 Blasting duration: 300-600 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as m example a) . h) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 7,6 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,67 (grinded) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 2,40 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 1,52 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment)/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 1,58 Blasting duration: 900-1800 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as m example a) . l) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 7,6 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,07 (polished) Layer roughness R 2 prior to blasting treatment: 2,82 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 1,23 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment) / (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 2,30 Blasting duration: 900-1800 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, blasting pressure as m example a) . j ) PVD layer: TiAlN (close-packed structure) Layer thickness: 7,6 μm Substrate roughness R z before coating: 0,87 (microbla- sted) Layer roughness R z prior to blasting treatment: 2,65 Layer roughness R z after blasting treatment: 1,79 (layer roughness prior to blasting treatment )/ (layer roughness after blasting treatment) : 1,48 Blasting duration: 900-1800 seconds. Blasting agent, gram size of the blasting agent, bla- sting pressure as in example a) . The Rz values in example a) are average values. The Rz values in examples b) to j ) are each average values on the basis of two samples with three roughness measurements per sample. The above process parameters may differ for other PVD layers which have been applied to components or tools. In particular, the values are partly determined by the intended ap- plications of the coated components or tools, i.e. the particular application determines the blasting after-treatment required.

Claims: Claims 1. Process for producing a hard-material -coated component, comprising the following steps: - application of a layer of hard material to the component m a PVD coating unit; and - structural further processing of the outer surface of the layer of hard material, characterized m that - for the structural further processing, the surface of the layer is blasted m a blasting device m order to improve this surface, an inorganic bla- stmg agent with a gram size m the range from 1 μm to 100 μm being used, - the blasting agent having a sharp-edged gram shape. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized m that the blasting agent used is Al 2 0 3 or SiC. 3. Process according to one of claims 1 or 2 , characterized m that the gram size of the blasting agent is m the range from 1 to 50 μm. 4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3 , characterized m that the blasting is carried out m the form of compressed-air blasting. 5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4 , characterized m that the blasting is carried out at a blasting pressure m the range from 1 to 10 -10 s Pa. 6. Process according to claim 5, characterized that the blasting pressure is 2 -10 s Pa. 7. Process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, given a nozzle aperture cross section in the range from 4 to 15 mm, the distance between the nozzle (s) and the component (s) is in the range below 200 mm. 8. Processing according to claim 7, characterized in that, given a nozzle cross section of 11 mm, the distance between the nozzle (s) and the component (s) is m the range from 30 to 100 mm. 9. PVD-coated, after-treated component, in particular tool, having a substrate and a layer of hard material of predetermined thickness which is applied to the substrate during a PVD process, characterized m that - the thickness of the layer of hard material is at least 2,5, preferably at least 4 μm, and - the quotient of the roughness, measured as R z , of the exposed surface of the layer of hard material before and after the after-treatment is greater than 1.2, preferably greater than 2.

Inventors: ERKENS GEORG, ESSER STEFAN, FUSS HANS-GERD, KUENZEL INGO, LEYENDECKER ANTONIUS, WENKE RAINER, ERKENS, GEORG, ESSER, STEFAN, FUSS, HANS-GERD, KUENZEL, INGO, LEYENDECKER, ANTONIUS, WENKE, RAINER
Applicants: CEMECON CERAMIC METAL COATINGS, ERKENS GEORG, ESSER STEFAN, FUSS HANS GERD, KUENZEL INGO, LEYENDECKER ANTONIUS, WENKE RAINER, CEMECON-CERAMIC METAL COATINGS-DR.-ING. ANTONIUS LEYENDECKER GMBH, ERKENS, GEORG, ESSER, STEFAN, FUSS, HANS-GERD, KUENZEL, INGO, LEYENDECKER, ANTONIUS, WENKE, RAINER
Application year: 2000
Main classification: C23C14
IPC codes: B24C1, B24C11, C23C14, C23C30