Vehicular input device including single manual operating unit for operating various electronic devices mounted on vehicle

Abstract: A vehicular input device (1) is disclosed which can afford a high stability of movable portions and an excellent power saving characteristic without impairing the operability of a manual operating unit. A mechanical portion (11) of the vehicular input device is provided with a spherical bearing (13), a pivot shaft (14) supported pivotably by the spherical bearing, a solenoid (15) disposed below the spherical bearing, and a clamp member (16) for clamping the pivot shaft, the clamp member being secured to an upper end portion of a drive shaft (15a) of the solenoid. A lower end portion of the pivot shaft is formed in a conical shape which becomes smaller in diameter gradually downwards. In an upper surface of the clamp member which is opposed to the lower end portion of the pivot shaft there is formed a generally conical depression (16a) into which the lower end portion of the pivot shaft can be inserted. An ON-OFF operation of the solenoid is controlled by a photointerrupter (33) which is disposed within or near a manual operating unit and which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit (3).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicular input device including a single manual operating unit for operating concentratively various electronic devices mounted on a vehicle. Particularly, the invention is concerned with means for improving the operability and power saving performance of the input device. Description of the Related Art Up-to-date automobiles are equipped with various electronic devices such as air conditioner, radio, television, CD player, and navigation system. If these electronic devices are operated each individually by operating members which are provided in the electronic devices respectively, there may be an obstacle to driving the automobiles. For facilitating the selection of a desired function, e.g., ON-OFF switching, of a certain electronic device without obstructing safe driving, a vehicular input device has heretofore been proposed in which various operations of various electronic devices can be conducted by operating a single manual operating unit. A conventional technique associated with such a vehicular input device will be described below with reference to Figs. 16 to 19, of which Fig. 16 is an interior diagram of an automobile, showing an example of installation of a vehicular input device, Fig. 17 is a side view of a vehicular input device proposed heretofore, Fig. 18 is a plan view of a manual operating unit used in the vehicular input device shown in Fig. 17, and Fig. 19 is a plan view of a guide plate incorporated in the vehicular input device shown in Fig. 17. As shown in Fig. 16, the vehicular input device of this example, indicated at 100, is installed in a console box 200 which is disposed between the driver seat and the front occupant seat in the automobile concerned. The conventional vehicular input device 100 shown in Fig. 17 is mainly composed of a manual operating unit 110 (see Fig. 18) provided with two switches 111 and 112 for click as signal input means and three rotary variable resistors 113, 114, and 115; an XY table 120 which is operated in two directions orthogonal to each other (in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in Fig. 17 and in the transverse direction in the same figure) by means of the manual operating unit 110; a stick controller 130 as position signal input means which inputs signals to an external device in accordance with an operating direction of the XY table 120 and the amount of operation of the same table; and a guide plate 140 (see Fig. 19) which is engaged with an engaging pin 160 projecting from a lower surface of the XY table 120. The manual operating unit 110 and the XY table 120 are rendered integral with each other through a connecting shaft 150. The XY table 120 and the guide plate 140 are engaged with each other by inserting a lower end portion of the engaging pin 160 movably into a guide groove 141 formed in the guide plate 140. The guide groove 141 can be set in a desired shape which permits the lower end portion of the engaging pin 160 to move in a specific direction. For example, as shown in Fig. 19, a guide groove 141 which is cross-shaped in plan may be formed in an upper surface of the guide plate 140 so that the lower end portion of the engaging pin 160 can be moved up to end portions of B, C, D, and E in two generally orthogonal directions from a center A. More specifically, by operating the manual operating unit 110 the engaging pin 160 can be moved along the guide groove 141 of the guide plate 140 through the XY table 120, and with the lower end portion of the engaging pin 160 positioned in any of the end points A, B, C, D, and E in the guide groove 141, information (a position signal) on that engaged position is outputted from the stick controller 130. Therefore, by utilizing such a position signal, a function (a function to be adjusted) of an electronic device mounted on a vehicle can be selected in an alternative manner. After a desired function of the electronic device has thus been selected, it is possible to make adjustment or switching of the selected function by suitably operating the three rotary variable resistors 113 to 115 provided in the manual operating unit 110. As shown in Fig. 16, the vehicular input device 100 thus constructed is combined with a switch unit 170 which selects a desired electronic device alternatively from among plural electronic devices mounted on the vehicle, a display 180 which displays the name of the electronic device selected by the switch unit 170 and the contents of operation performed by the vehicular input device 100, and further with a computer (not shown) which controls those devices. As a result, the plural electronic devices can be operated in a concentrative manner. The switch unit 170 is installed in a console box 200 and is provided with operating switches 171a to 171e which are disposed near the vehicular input device 100 and which are connected each independently to different electronic devices. For example, if the operating switches 171a to 171e are connected each independently to air conditioner, radio, television, CD player, and navigation system, which are mounted on the vehicle, ON-OFF switching of the air conditioner and designation of an air conditioner mode for the vehicular input device 100 can be done by operating the operating switch 171a, and ON-OFF switching of the radio and designation of a radio mode for the vehicular input device 100 can be done by operating the operating switch 171b. Likewise, by operating the other operating switches 171c to 171e it is possible to effect ON-OFF switching of the corresponding electronic devices and mode designation for the vehicular input device 100. The display 180, e.g., a liquid crystal display, is installed in a position easy to see from the driver seat, while the computer referred to above is installed within the console box 200. The selection and adjustment of a function of the electronic device selected by the switch unit 170 can be done by operating the vehicular input device 100, but the function capable of being selected and adjusted by operation of the vehicular input device 100 differs depending on the type of the selected electronic device. For example, when the air conditioner mode has been designated by operating the switch unit 170, if the engaging pin 160 is positioned in the end portion B of the guide groove 141 of the guide plate 140 by operating the manual operating unit 110 and if the clicking switch 111 is depressed for clicking, there is selected an "air volume adjust" function, while if the engaging pin 160 is positioned in the end portion C of the guide groove 141 and the switch 111 is clicked, there is selected an "air blow-off position adjust" function. Likewise, if the switch 111 is clicked with the engaging pin 160 positioned in the end portions D and E of the guide groove 141, there are selected "air blow-off direction adjust" and "temperature adjust" functions. After the selection of functions, the functions can be adjusted by suitably operating the rotary variable resistors 113 to 115. For example, with the air conditioner mode designated by the switch unit 170 and "air volume adjust" selected by the manual operating unit 110, the air volume in the air conditioner can be adjusted by operating the rotary variable resistor 113. Likewise, when "air blow-off position adjust" is selected in the air conditioner mode, the air blow-off position from the air conditioner can be adjusted by operating the rotary variable resistors 114 and 115. When the radio mode is designated by the switch unit 170 and "volume adjust" selected by the manual operating unit 110, the volume of the radio can be adjusted by operating the rotary variable resistor 113. Further, "tuning" is selected in the radio mode, tuning of the radio can be done by operating the rotary variable resistors 114 and 115. In the conventional vehicular input device 100, none of the manual operating unit 110, XY table 120, and engaging pin 160, as movable portions, are provided with clamp members for fixing them at certain positions while the manual operating unit is not operated. Therefore, with the manual operating unit 110 not operated, those movable portions are apt to vibrate under vibration of the automobile, resulting in the manual operating unit 110 vibrating or generating a noise, thus giving rise to the problem that the driver or occupants are apt to have an uneasy feeling. Besides, since the components of the above movable portions vibrate under vibration of the automobile, it may be judged on the computer side that the manual operating unit 110 is operated although it is not operated actually, with the result that the display 180 is kept energized and therefore the power consumption increases. These problems can be solved by providing a clamp member in any of the manual operating unit 110 as a movable portion, XY table 120, and engaging pin 160 and by releasing the clamped state of the clamp member at the time of operating the manual operating unit 110. However, unless the switching to the clamped state or unclamped state of the clamp member is done automatically, it is necessary to perform a special operation for releasing the clamped state prior to operation of the manual operating unit 110 and also required is a special operation for bringing the clamp member into its clamped state after the operation of the manual operating unit 110 is over. Thus, the operability of the manual operating unit 110 is impaired markedly. In accordance with the pre-characterizing part of claim 1, US-A-4 026 048 discloses an input device in which the drive means is activated by operating an ignition switch and control switch into an ON-position. There may be the situation that the clamped state of the manual operating unit is not released. After said switches have been closed, the input device is always active. EP-A-0 875 633 discloses a contact free operator presence sensor generating an output signal which is representative of whether or not an operator is sitting on a seat of a vehicle. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been accomplished for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and it is an object of the invention to provide a vehicular input device superior in stability of movable portions and also superior in power saving characteristic. According to the present invention, for solving the above-mentioned problems, there is provided an input device comprising the features of claim 1. If the pivot shaft with the manual operating unit attached thereto is thus clamped by the clamp member, vibration of the manual operating unit is suppressed while it is not operated, so that it is possible to prevent the driver or occupants from having an uneasy feeling. When the manual operating unit is not operated, it is possible to cut off a power supply of the display, etc. whose operation is not needed, whereby the power consumption can be reduced. On the other hand, if there is provided a sensor which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit and which automatically turns ON or OFF the drive means to which the clamp member is attached, neither any special operation for releasing the clamped state nor any special operation for switching over to the clamped state is needed, so that the driver can operate the manual operating unit with the same sense as in the absence of the clamp member, whereby it is possible to maintain a good operability of the manual operating unit and hence of the vehicular input device. As the sensor it is preferable to use a photointerrupter because the photointerrupter can detect a human finger in a contactless manner, is superior in durability and small-sized, and can be installed in a narrow space such as the interior of the manual operating unit or housing. The pivot shaft has a conical lower end portion, while a conical depression is formed in an upper surface of the clamp member opposed to the lower end portion of the pivot shaft. When the clamp member rises upon turning ON of the drive means, the lower end portion of the pivot shaft and the upper surface of the clamp member come into engagement with each other, whereby the pivot shaft is clamped. Thus, the lower end portion of the pivot shaft is made conical and a conical depression is formed in the upper surface of the clamp member opposed to the pivot shaft lower end to clamp the pivot shaft, so when clamping of the pivot shaft is started in a tilted state of the pivot shaft, the tilting of the pivot shaft is corrected as the clamp member rises because the engaged portions are conical with respect to each other, thus permitting the clamping operation to be effected smoothly. The vehicular input device is provided with a housing, a manual operating unit provided on an upper surface of the housing, a clamp member for clamping the manual operating unit, drive means disposed within the housing to drive the clamp member, and a sensor which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit and which drives the drive means automatically. By thus clamping the manual operating unit with the clamp member, vibration of the manual operating unit is suppressed while the manual operating unit is not operated. Moreover, if there is provided a sensor which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit and which drives the drive means automatically, any special operation is not needed for canceling the clamped state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicular input device according to an embodiment of the present invention as attached to a dash board; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the interior of an automobile in which the vehicular input device is installed; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a manual operating unit and a mechanical portion in which the manual operating unit is installed; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of principal portions of the manual operating unit and the mechanical portion as seen sideways; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the mechanical portion; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the manual operating unit with a cover removed; Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing operational directions of the manual operating unit and the types of vehicular electronic devices which are selected by the manual operating unit; Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing operational directions of the manual operating unit and the types of functions which are switched over from one to another in accordance with in which direction the manual operating unit is operated; Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing a control system for electric motors; Fig. 10 is a table showing an example of a data table stored in memory provided in a computer; Fig. 11 is a flow chart showing a control procedure for the electric motors; Fig. 12 is a partially cut-away diagram showing a mechanism for mounting the vehicular input device to the dash board, as seen in a planar direction; Fig. 13 is a partially cut-away diagram of the vehicular input device mounting mechanism as seen sideways; Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a menu of vehicular electronic devices displayed on a display; Fig. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the state of a vehicular electronic device being adjusted its function which is displayed on the display; Fig. 16 is an interior diagram of an automobile, showing an example of installation of a conventional vehicular input device; Fig. 17 is a side view of a vehicular input device proposed heretofore; Fig. 18 is a plan view of a manual operating unit in the vehicular input device shown in Fig. 17; and Fig. 19 is a plan view of a guide plate incorporated in the vehicular input device shown in Fig. 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A vehicular input device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinunder with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing in what state the vehicular input device of this embodiment is attached to a dash board, and Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the interior of an automobile in which the vehicular input device is installed. As is seen from Fig. 1, the vehicular input device of this embodiment, indicated at 1, has a housing 2 which is formed in the shape of a square vessel having a required size. On an upper surface of the housing 2 are arranged a manual operating unit 3, six push-button switches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and 4f which are arranged arcuately around the manual operating unit 3, three push-button switches 5a, 5b, and 5c which are arranged along and concentrically with an outer peripheral portion of the six push-button switches, and a volume control 6. In the front side of the housing 2 are formed a card slot 7 and a disc slot 8. As shown in Fig. 2, the vehicular input device is attached to a dash board A of the automobile at a position between a driver seat B and a front occupant seat C. The vehicular input device can exhibit a required function in cooperation with a display D installed on the dash board A and a computer (not shown) accommodated within the dash board. A total of nine push-button switches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 5a, 5b, and 5c refereed to above are connected to vehicular electronic devices, e.g., air conditioner, radio, television, CD player, and car navigation system, respectively, which are to be operated with use of the vehicular input device 1. To which push-button switch an electronic device is to be connected can be determined arbitrarily, but in the vehicular input device 1 of this embodiment, the push-button switch 4a is connected to Menu Select, the push-button switch 4b is connected to a telephone, the push-button switch 4c is connected to an air conditioner, the push-button switch 4d is connected to a car navigation system, the push-button switch 4e is connected to a radio, the push-button switch 4f is connected to a card reader/writer or a disc drive, the push-button switch 5a is connected to Posture Control in the vehicular input device 1, the push-button switch 5b is connected to ON-OFF Control for a liquid crystal shutter provided throughout the whole surface of the display D, and the push-button switch 5c is connected to a television. By depressing a knob of a desired push-button switch, the vehicular electronic device connected to the depressed push-button switch can be selected. For preventing an erroneous operation, on the surface of the knob of each push-button switch is displayed (not shown) a character or a pictorial symbol which represents the electronic device connected to the corresponding switch. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the manual operating unit 3 and a mechanical portion 11 in which the manual operating unit is provided, Fig. 4 is a sectional view of principal portions of the manual operating unit 3 and the mechanical portion 11, as seen sideways, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the mechanical portion 11, and Fig. 6 is a plan view of the manual operating unit 3 with a cover removed. As is seen from Figs. 3 to 5, the mechanical portion 11 comprises a base 12 attached to a bottom of the housing 2, a spherical bearing 13 disposed on the base 12, a pivot shaft 14 having a spherical portion 14a positioned somewhat downward relative to a middle position, the spherical portion 14a being supported pivotably by the spherical bearing 13, a solenoid 15 disposed below the spherical bearing 13, a clamp member 16 for clamping the pivot shaft 14, the clamp member 16 being mounted on an upper end portion of a drive shaft 15a of the solenoid 15, two rotary shafts 17a and 17b which are disposed on axes perpendicularly intersecting each other in a plane parallel to the base 12, centered at the spherical bearing 13, two large gears 18a and 18b fixed respectively to distal ends of the rotary shafts 17a and 17b, two electric motors 19a and 19b disposed in parallel with the rotary shafts 17a and 17b, respectively, two small gears 20a and 20b fixed onto main shafts of the electric motors 19a and 19b, respectively, and engaged with the large gears 18a and 18b, respectively, two encoders 21a and 21b for detecting the direction and amount of rotation of the main shafts of the electric motors 19a and 19b, and L-shaped members 22a and 22b which convert pivotal motions in X and Y directions (see Fig. 5) of the pivot shaft 14 into rotations in X and Y directions and transmit the rotations to the rotary shafts 17a and 17b. The manual operating unit 3 is mounted on an upper end portion of the pivot shaft 14. A lower end portion of the pivot shaft 14 is formed in a conical shape which is smaller in diameter downward, while in an upper surface of the clamp member 16 opposed to the lower end portion of the pivot shaft 14 there is formed a generally conical depression 16a which permits insertion therein of the lower end portion of the pivot shaft 14. Therefore, when the solenoid 15 is turned ON to raise the clamp member 16, the lower end portion of the pivot shaft 14 is inserted into the depression 16a and is clamped, whereby its pivotal motion around the spherical portion 14a is inhibited. On the other hand, when the solenoid 15 is turned OFF to bring down the clamp member 16, the pivot shaft 14 and the clamp member 15 are disengaged from each other, making the pivot shaft 14 pivotable around the spherical portion 14a. As to ON-OFF operation of the solenoid 15, it will be described later. As the large gears 18a, 18b and small gears 20a, 20b there may be used ordinary gears conforming to the standard concerned, but particularly preferable is using gears which have been improved to eliminate backlash. According to one method for eliminating backlash, an elastic member such as rubber is attached to the addendum portions of the large gears 18a, 18b and/or small gears 20a, 20b, allowing both gears to be engaged with each other through the elastic member. In one sides of the L-shaped members 22a and 22b are formed tapped holes 23, while in the opposite sides thereof are respectively formed elongated through holes 24 for the pivot shaft. As shown in Fig. 4, with the pivot shaft 14 inserted through the through holes 24, one sides of the L-shaped members 22a and 22b are clamped respectively to side faces of the large gears 18a and 18b with machine screws 25 fitted in the tapped holes 23. The width of each through hole 24 for the pivot shaft is preferably set at a value close to the diameter of the pivot shaft 14 insofar as a smooth sliding motion of the pivot shaft can be ensured. The length of each through hole 24 is set at a value equal to or larger than the movable range of the pivot shaft 14. Therefore, when the vehicle driver grasps the manual operating unit 3 and causes the pivot shaft 14 to move pivotally from the center position, the L-shaped members 22a and 22b turn by an amount proportional to X- and Y-direction components of the manual operating unit and this rotation is transmitted to the encoders 21a and 21b through the large gears 18a, 18b and small gears 20a, 20b. The direction and amount of rotation of the pivot shaft 14 are detected by the computer installed within the dash board. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the manual operating unit 3 is formed in a dome shape having a transparent window 31 in a top central position. In the interior of the manual operating unit 3, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, are disposed a circuit board 32, a photointerrupter 33 mounted on the circuit board 32 at a position opposed to the transparent window 31, the photointerrupter 33 being constituted by a combination of a light emitting element and a light receiving element, and first and second switches 34, 35 mounted in a peripheral portion of the circuit board 32. The photointerrupter 33 is for controlling ON and OFF of the solenoid 15. When a specific wavelength of light, e.g., infrared light, is radiated from a light emitting element (not shown) and is incident on a light receiving element (not shown), the solenoid 15 is turned ON, causing the clamp member 16 to move down and become disengaged from the pivot shaft 14, thereby permitting a pivotal operation of the pivot shaft 14. The supply of electric power to the photointerrupter 33 and the transmission of a signal from the photointerrupter are performed through a cord inserted into the pivot shaft 14. As the first and second switches 34, 35 there are used switches having the function of a rotation detecting switch and the function of a depression detecting switch and each having a knob located at a central position when the switch is not operated. The applicant in the present case has previously proposed this type of switches. As shown in Fig. 6, first and second knobs 34a, 35a for operating the first and second switches 34, 35 are positioned symmetrically right and left in an outer peripheral surface of the manual operating unit 3. The knobs 34a and 35a can be turned in the direction of arrow ℓ or n from a center position along the outer peripheral surface of the manual operating unit 3 and can also be pushed in the direction of arrow m. The first and second switches 34, 35 are constructed so that the direction in which the first and second knobs 34a, 35a are operated matches the resulting switched-over function. To be more specific, the first and second switches 34, 35 are used for switching over from one to another function of a vehicular electronic device which is selected by operating any of the push-button switches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and 4f mounted on the upper surface of the housing 2. When both first and second switches 34, 35 are operated in the same direction, the selected electronic device is switched over to the same function. For example, it is here assumed that the air conditioner mode has been selected by operating the push-button switch 4c. In this case, when both first and second switches 34, 35 operate the first and second knobs 34a, 35a in the direction of arrow ℓ, the temperature set for the air conditioner rises, while when the first and second knobs 34a, 35a are operated in the direction of arrow n, the set temperature for the air conditioner drops, and when both knobs 34a and 35a are operated in the direction of arrow m, the air conditioner is controlled ON or OFF. That the direction in which the first and second knobs 34a, 35a are operated and the resulting switched-over function are made corresponding to each other, is advantageous in the following point. Not only where the vehicular input device of this embodiment is installed in a right-handed steering wheel vehicle, but also where it is installed in a left-handed steering wheel vehicle, the same functional switching can be made by operating knobs in the same direction which knobs are in the same positional relation when seen from the vehicle driver side. Therefore, the vehicle driver is difficult to make a mistake in operation and the vehicular input device of the same construction can be applied to both right- and left-handed steering wheel vehicles, whereby the versatility of the vehicular input device is enhanced. Further, by using the first knob 34a and the second knob 35a properly, the switches disposed in the manual operating unit 3 can be operated with the same sense from both the driver seat and the front occupant seat, so that the vehicle driver is difficult to make a mistake in operation and it is possible to enhance the operability of the vehicular input device. The electric motors 19a and 19b are for imparting a resistance feeling to the operation of the manual operating unit 3. For example, both motors are used for restricting the operating direction of the manual operating unit 3, restricting the operating speed proportional to the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3, and restricting a stop point of the manual operating unit. More specifically, by moving pivotally in a specific direction, the manual operating unit 3 selects a vehicular electronic device to be controlled and adjust the function of the selected electronic device. Therefore, if the manual operating unit 3 cannot perform operation accurately in a predetermined direction, it is impossible to make an accurate selection of an electronic device and adjustment of its function. Operation of the manual operating unit 3 in the predetermined direction can be done with a small operational force, but for operation of the manual operating unit in a direction other than the predetermined direction, the electric motors 19a and 19b are driven to impose a torque on the pivot shaft 14 in a direction opposite to the operational direction, thereby imparting a resistive feeling to the operation of the manual operating unit. By so doing, the operator can become aware sensibly that he or she has operated the manual operating unit 3 in a direction other than the predetermined direction. Thus, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an error in the selection of a vehicular electronic device or in the adjustment of function. In the case where a functional adjustment of a vehicular electronic device is to be made by operating the manual operating unit 3, for example, where the temperature set for the air conditioner is to be changed, if the amount of operation of the manual operating unit is small, the switching of the set temperature to another set temperature is done slowly, while if the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 is made large, the switching of the set temperature is done at high speed. In this connection, if there is no resistive feeling in the operation of the manual operating unit 3, the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 is apt to become large and hence it becomes difficult to make a minor change of the set temperature accurately and quickly, thus resulting in deterioration of the operability. To avoid such an inconvenience, when the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 has increased to a certain extent, the electric motors 19a and 19b are driven to impose a torque on the pivot shaft 14 in a direction opposite to the operational direction, thereby imparting a resistive feeling to the operation of the manual operating unit. As a result, the operator can become aware sensibly that the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 is too large and it is impossible to make a fine adjustment of the set temperature for the air conditioner. Therefore, by making small the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 it is possible to make a fine adjustment of the set temperature for the air conditioner in an accurate and quick manner. Instead of the construction wherein a resistive feeling is imparted to the operation of the manual operating unit 3 when the amount of operation of the manual operating unit has increased to a certain extent, there may be adopted a construction wherein different resistive feelings are imparted successively to the manual operating unit 3 in proportion to the amount of operation of the manual operating unit. Although in the above example the temperature set for, for example, the air conditioner increases as the amount of operation of the manual operating unit 3 increases, also in the case where the adjusting speed increases with an increase in the operating speed of the manual operating unit, a resistive feeling can be imparted to the manual operating unit by the same method as above. Further, as means for restricting an operation limit of the manual operating unit 3, if there is adopted a mechanical method, for example a method wherein the pivot shaft 14 is brought into abutment against an edge of the spherical bearing 13, a large mechanical force is exerted on the abutment between the spherical bearing 13 and the pivot shaft 14 at every operation of the manual operating unit 3, causing wear, so that the resulting dust gets in between the spherical bearing 13 and the spherical portion 14a of the pivot shaft 14, with consequent increase in the operating force of the pivot shaft. In the worse case, it becomes impossible for the pivot shaft 14 to perform its pivotal motion. For avoiding the occurrence of such inconveniences, the electric motors 19a and 19b are driven when the manual operating unit 3 has been operated up to a predetermined position, to impose, for example, a shocking torque on the pivot shaft 14 in a direction opposite to the operational direction. By so doing, the operator can become aware sensibly that the manual operating unit 3 has been operated up to its operation limit. Consequently, a further operation of the manual operating unit 3 can be stopped; besides, the abutment between an edge of the spherical bearing 13 and the pivot shaft 14 is prevented and hence the generation of wear dust is diminished, that is, the above inconvenience caused the generation of wear dust can be prevented. Further, with the torque of the electric motors 19a and 19b, the manual operating unit 3 can be returned to the center position automatically and therefore the operability of the manual operating unit can be improved. The electric motors 19a and 19b are controlled in accordance with a command issued from a computer installed within the dash board A. How to control the electric motors 19a and 19b by the computer will be described below with reference to Figs. 7 to 11, of which Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing in which directions the manual operating unit 3 is operated, as well as the type of a vehicular operating unit selected by operation of the manual operating unit, Fig. 8 is a diagram showing in which directions the manual operating unit 3 is operated, as well as the type of functions which are switched over from one to another by operation of the manual operating unit, Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing a control system for the electric motors 19a and 19b, Fig. 10 is a table showing an example of a data table which is stored in memory provided in a computer, and Fig. 11 is a flow chart showing a control procedure for the electric motors 19a and 19b. In the vehicular input unit 1 of this embodiment, as shown in Figs. 7A and 7B, the manual operating unit 3 is adapted to be operated in front, right front, right, right rear, rear, left rear, left, and left front directions with respect to the center position, whereby radio, air conditioner, car navigation system, CD player, television, monitor camera, electronic mail, and telephone can be selected, respectively. As to the type of electronic devices selected by the push-button switches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 5a, 5b, and 5c provided in the vehicular input device 1 and the type of electronic devices selected by operation of the manual operating unit 3, the same type of electronic devices may be combined together, or there may be combined different types of electronic devices. The latter combination of different types of electronic devices is adopted in this embodiment. In the case where TV is selected by operating the manual operating unit 3 rearwards with respect to the center position, there can be made such various functional adjustments as shown in Fig. 8A. That is, it is possible to make such functional adjustments as Channel Up by operating the manual operating unit 3 forward, Channel Down by operating the manual operating unit rearward, Volume Up by operating the manual operating unit rightward, and Volume Down by operating the manual operating unit leftward, all with respect to the center position. Where the number of functions to be adjusted by operation of the manual operating unit 3 is less than "8" which is the maximum number of movable directions of the manual operating unit, even if the manual operating unit is operated in a direction other than the directions allocated for functional adjustment (the directions shown in Fig. 8A), it is impossible to make a functional adjustment of the selected electronic device. If such an insensible portion is included in the operational range of the manual operating unit 3, the operator is required to operate the manual operating unit prudently in a direction in which the functional adjustment can be made. This is deficient in the easiness of operation and is not desirable from the standpoint of vehicular safe driving. For solving the above problem, in the vehicular input device 1 of this embodiment, a control system for the electric motors 19a and 19b is constructed as in Figs. 9 and 10, and the motors 19a and 19b are controlled in accordance with the procedure shown in Fig. 11. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 9, a collating unit 42 and a table selecting unit 43 are provided in a CPU 41 of a computer installed within the dash board A, and in a ROM 44 disposed in the computer there are stored tables 45a, 45b, 45c, ... of coded data on the operational region of the manual operating unit 3, as well as rotational directions of the electric motors 19a and 19b corresponding to the operational regions and the magnitudes of torques generated by rotation. The computer is further provided with a position signal detecting unit 46. The position signal detecting unit 46 inputs signals from the encoders 21a and 21b, outputs to the table selecting unit 43 a table selecting signal corresponding to an operational region in the manual operating unit 3, and displays the path of operation of the manual operating unit on the display D. Fig. 10 shows an example of a table stored in the ROM 44. In this table, the movable range of the manual operating unit 3 is divided into eight equal regions in X direction and eight equal regions in Y direction, and coded data on ON-OFF and rotational directions of the electric motors 19a and 19b in an operated state of the manual operating unit are displayed in the thus equally divided regions. In the table, the symbols and numerals described at the upper stage represent ON-OFF and rotational directions of the first electric motor 19a, while those described at the lower stage represent ON-OFF and rotational directions of the second electric motor 19b. The symbol "+" stands for a forward rotation of each motor, while the symbol "-" stands for a reverse rotation thereof. The numeral "0" represents that the electric motors 19a and 19b do not rotate, while the numeral "1" represents that both motors rotate. According to this table, if the manual operating unit 3 is operated in any of the regions (X3, Y0) to (X3, Y7), (X4, Y0) to (X4, Y7), (X0, Y3) to (X7, Y3), and (X0, Y4) to (X7, Y4), both electric motors 19a and 19b fail to rotate and a resistive feeling, which is created with rotation of the electric motors 19a and 19b, is not imparted to the motion of the manual operating unit 3. If the manual operating unit 3 is operated in any other region, at least one of the motors 19a and 19b rotates and a resistive feeling caused by the rotation of the motors is imparted to the motion of the manual operating unit. Therefore, in the case where TV is first selected by operating the manual operating unit 3 and a functional adjustment of television can be made only when the manual operating unit is operated in the front, rear, right, or left direction with respect to its center position, as shown in Fig. 8A, if the rotation of the electric motors 19a and 19b is controlled using the table of Fig. 10 and if the manual operating unit 3 is operated in an oblique direction other than front, rear, right, and left directions with respect to the center position, at least one of the motors 19a and 19b rotates and a resistive feeling induced by the motor rotation is imparted to the motion of the manual operating unit, so that the operator can become aware sensibly that he or she is operating the manual operating unit 3 in an insensible region. Thus, it becomes possible for the operator to operate the manual operating unit in a direction in which a desired functional adjustment can be made, so that the easiness of operation of the manual operating unit is improved without obstructing the vehicular driving. The rotation of the electric motors 19a and 19b is controlled by the computer in accordance with the procedure shown in terms of a flow chart in Fig. 11. When the operator operates the manual operating unit 3 in any direction with respect to the center position (step S1), the encoders 21a and 21b rotate in the turning direction of the manual operating unit by an amount of rotation proportional to the turning quantity of the manual operating unit via the L-shaped members 22a, 22b, large gears 18a, 18b, and small gears 20, 20b, and output position signals. The position signal detecting unit 46 provided in the computer reads this position signals (S2) and establishes an operational position of the manual operating unit 3 (S3). At the same time, the position signal detecting unit 46 sends a table selecting signal to the table selecting unit 43 and a position signal to the display D (S4). In accordance with the table selecting signal provided from the position signal detecting unit 46 the table selecting unit 43 in the CPU 41 selects and inputs a predetermined table from the ROM 44 (S5). Further, in accordance with the positions signals provided from the encoders 21a and 21b and the table inputted to the table selecting unit 43 the collating unit 42 in the CPU 41 establishes a motor output value and outputs it to a motor driver 47 (S6). The motor driver 47 drives the electric motors 19a and 19b in accordance with the motor output value, allowing a resistive feeling to be imparted to the motion of the manual operating unit 3 (S7). The operator gets the resistive feeling of the manual operating unit 3 and changes the operational position of the manual operating unit (S8). These motor controlling means and method are applicable not only to restricting the operational direction of the manual operating unit 3 but also to imparting a resistive feeling proportional to the amount of operation of the manual operating unit to the motion of the same unit and further to imparting a resistive feeling at the operation limit of the manual operating unit. The vehicular input device 1 of this embodiment constructed as above is attached to the vehicular dash board A so as to be movable back and forth and tiltable. Fig. 12 is a partially cut-away diagram as seen in a planar direction, showing a mounting mechanism for mounting the vehicular input device 1 to the dash board A, and Fig. 13 is a partially cut-away diagram of the mounting mechanism as seen sideways. As is seen from these figures, on a base 51 provided within the dash board A are mounted two guide shafts 52 and 53 and one ball screw 54 in parallel with each other. The ball screw 54 is supported rotatably by means of a bearing 55 and a first motor 57 for forward and backward movement is connected to one end of the ball screw 54 through a joint 56. Further, a transfer plate 59 is connected to the ball screw 54 through a nut 58 so as to be movable forward and backward. The transfer plate 59 is also connected to the guide shafts 52 and 53 slidably through sliders 60. A rotary shaft 62, which is supported rotatably by bearings 61, is mounted to a front end portion of the transfer plate 59 at right angles to the guide shafts 52, 53 and the ball screw 54, and the housing 2 of the vehicular input device 1 is fixed to end portions of the rotary shaft 62. A large gear 63 is fixed onto the rotary shaft 62 and it is in mesh with a small gear 65 which is fixed onto a main shaft of a second motor 64. Therefore, by rotating the first motor 57 forward or reverse, the vehicular input device 1 can be moved forward or backward with respect to the dash board A, and by rotating the second motor 64 forward or reverse, a front end portion of the vehicular input device can be turned upward or downward with respect to the dash board A. Thus, the posture of the vehicular input device 1 can be changed suitably so that the operator can easily operate the manual operating unit 3, various push-button switches 4a to 4f, 5a to 5c, and volume control. Consequently, it is possible to further enhance the operability of the vehicular input device 1. The posture of the vehicular input device 1 can also be controlled by operating the manual operating unit 3 and push-buttons 4a to 4f, 5a to 5c mounted on the vehicular input device. To be more specific, when the push-button switch 4a is depressed, such a menu as illustrated in Fig. 14 appears on the display D. If "Vehicular input device" is selected from the menu by operating the manual operating unit 3, such an image of the vehicular input device 1 as shown in Fig. 15 appears on the display D. In this state, if the manual operating unit 3 is operated in the direction of "Forward, a," the first motor 57 rotates forward and the vehicular input device 1 moved forward, while if the manual operating unit 3 is operated in the direction of "Backward, b," the first motor 57 rotates reverse and the vehicular input device 1 moves backward. If the manual operating unit 3 is operated in the direction of "Upward, c," the second motor 64 rotates forward and the front end portion of the vehicular input device turns upward about the rotary shaft 62, while if the manual operating unit is operated in the direction of "Downward, d," the second motor 64 rotates reverse and the front end portion of the vehicular input device 1 turns downward about the rotary shaft 62. If "Seat" is selected from the menu display, it is possible to adjust the comfortableness to sit on the driver seat and the front occupant seat in the same procedure as above. If "Steering wheel" is selected from the menu display, it is possible to adjust the tilt and telescopic condition of the steering wheel and thereby adjust the height of the steering wheel in accordance with the same procedure as above. In the case where the postures of the vehicular input device 1, seat and steering wheel are to be changed by operating the manual operating unit 3, it is particularly preferred to set the table so that the movable ranges of those components and the resistive feeling imparted to the manual operating unit are correlated with each other, for example the resistive feeling imparted to the manual operating unit 3 is gradually made stronger at an end in the movable range of a component, or a shocking resistive feeling is imparted to the manual operating unit 3 upon reaching an end in the movable range. This makes utilization more convenient because the operator can become aware up to where in the movable range the component concerned has been adjusted. Thus, in the vehicular input device 1 of this embodiment, a desired vehicular electronic device to be adjusted its function can be selected by operating the push-button switches 4a to 4f and 5a to 5c or by operating the manual operating unit 3, which are provided on the upper surface of the housing 2. By operating the manual operating unit 3 in a predetermined direction or by operating the first and second switches 34, 35 provided in the manual operating unit, after having selected a desired vehicular electronic device, it is possible to adjust the function of the electronic device. The radio, television, and CD player can be adjusted their volume also by turning the volume control 6. A menu of vehicular electronic devices capable of being selected by the vehicular input device 1, a menu showing the contents of adjustable functions of the electronic devices, and operational directions of the manual operating unit, are displayed successively on the display D. When the manual operating unit 3 is not in operation, the pivot shaft 14 is clamped by the clamp member 16 to prevent the occurrence of undesirable vibration and noise of the manual operating unit 3 caused by vibration of the automobile. When the operator puts his or her finger above the manual operating unit 3, a specific wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element in the photointerrupter 33 is applied to the light receiving element in the photointerrupter, whereby the solenoid 15 is turned ON to disengage the clamp member 16 from the pivot shaft 14. Consequently, the manual operating unit 3 becomes operable automatically. Although in the above embodiment there was used a gear mechanism as a power transfer mechanism for transmitting the pivotal motion of the pivot shaft 14 to the encoders 21a and 21b, the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto and there may be used any other known power transfer mechanism such as a friction wheel or a belt mechanism. Although in the above embodiment the encoders 21a and 21b were used as sensors for detecting the direction and amount of a pivotal motion of the pivot shaft 14, the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto, but there may be used any other known position sensor. Although in the above embodiment the solenoid 15 was used as drive means for the clamp member 16, the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto, but there may be used such other means as electromagnet or a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator. Although in the above embodiment the electric motors 19a and 19b were used as power sources for imparting a resistive feeling to the operation of the manual operating unit 3, the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto, but there may be used any other known actuator such as an air motor or a hydraulic motor. Further, not only an actuator which generates a rotational force but also an actuator which generates a linear force such as a linear motor may be used alone or in combination with a suitable power transfer mechanism. In the vehicular input device according to the present invention, as set forth above, since the pivot shaft with the manual operating unit secured thereto is clamped as necessary by a clamp member, a pivotal motion of the manual operating unit is suppressed when it is not in operation and therefore it is possible to prevent an unstable feeling from being imparted to the vehicular driver or occupants. Besides, when the manual operating unit is not in operation, it is possible to turn OFF the power supply of the display or any other component which is not required to operate, whereby the power consumption can be diminished. Moreover, since there is used a sensor which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit and turns ON the drive means automatically to disengage the clamp member, the manual operating unit can be operated with the same sense as in the absence of the clamp member, whereby the operability of the manual operating unit and hence of the vehicular input device can be maintained in good condition. Further, in the vehicular input device according to the present invention, since there is used a photointerrupter as the sensor for automatically turning ON or OFF the drive means with the clamp member attached thereto, a human finger can be detected in a contactless manner and hence there is attained a high durability. Additionally, since the vehicular input device is small-sized, it can be installed in a narrow space.

Claims: An input device (1) comprising: a pivot shaft (14) supported pivotably within a housing; a manual operating unit (3) mounted on an upper end portion of the pivot shaft (14) which projects upward from an upper surface of the housing; drive means (15, 15a) disposed within the housing; a clamp member (16) fixed to a drive shaft (15a) of the drive means and adapted to move to a position for clamping the pivot shaft (14) or a position for unclamping the pivot shaft in accordance with ON or OFF operation of the drive means; characterised by a sensor (33) disposed in the manual operating unit (3) which detects a human finger trying to operate the manual operating unit (3) and which turns ON or OFF the drive means automatically on the basis of the result of the detection. An input device according to claim 1, characterised in that the pivot shaft (14) has a conical lower end portion, the clamp member (16) as a conical depression (16a) formed in an upper surface thereof which is opposed to the lower end portion of the pivot shaft, (14) and when the clamp member (16) rises upon turning ON of the drive means, the lower end portion of the pivot shaft (14) is engaged with the depression (16a) formed in the upper surface of the clamp member (16) and is clamped thereby.

Inventors: ONODERA MIKIO, ONODERA, MIKIO, Onodera, Mikio, c/o Alps Electric Co., Ltd.
Applicants: ALPS ELECTRIC CO LTD, ALPS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: G05G9
IPC codes: G05G9, B60R16, H01H25, G06F3, B60R11, G05G5