Developing unit of liquid electrophotographic printer

Abstract: A developing unit for a liquid electrophotographic printer such as a laser printer includes a cleaning means (170) for removing toner particles of the developer adhering to a surface of a squeegee roller (120) using an electrical force. In one embodiment the cleaning means comprises a cleaning roller (170) charged to about 1KV voltage difference with respect to the squeegee roller (120) to attract toner particles from the squeegee roller (120). Since the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller are removed, contamination of a developed image can be prevented and a clean image can be printed.

Description: The present invention relates to a developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer, and more particularly, to a developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer having an improved structure for cleaning the surface of a squeegee roller. A typical liquid electrophotographic printer such as a color laser printer includes a developing unit 10 for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor web 1 by means of light scanning by a laser scanner into an image of a predetermined color, as shown in Figure 1. The developing unit 10 includes a developing roller 11 for developing the electrostatic latent image by forming a development gap G with the photoreceptor web 1 which is about 150 µ m and filled with developer, a squeegee roller 12 installed at the rear end of the developing roller 11 for pressing the photoreceptor web 1 to squeegee surplus developer after development, and a manifold 15 installed to enclose part of the outer circumferential surface of the developing roller 11 for guiding flow of the developer so that the developer pumped from a developing tank 20 is continuously provided to the development gap G. Reference numeral 13 denotes a brush roller for brushing the developer flowing down along the outer circumferential surface of the developing roller 11 to prevent it from entering the development gap G again. Reference numeral 16 denotes a blade installed to contact the developing roller 11 to perform the same function. Reference numeral 14 denotes a blade for squeegee roller 12. The squeegee roller blade 14 is off the squeegee roller 12 during development but contacts the squeegee roller 12 during a drip-line removing mode after the development is completed, that is, in a mode in which the squeegee roller 12 is rotated in a direction opposite to the direction in which the photoreceptor web 1 circulates so as to remove the developer adhering to the photoreceptor web 1 between the squeegee roller 12 and the developing roller 11. Reference numerals 11a and 12a denote a development backup roller and a squeegee backup roller, respectively. When development is carried out in the above structure, a voltage of about +600 V is applied to the photoreceptor web 1. The voltage in an area of the photoreceptor web 1 where the electrostatic latent image is formed by light scanning of the laser scanner 30 drops to about +100 V. A voltage of about +400 V is applied to the developing roller 11. Since toner particles distributed in solvent of developer are charged positively, the toner particles in the developer which is provided to the development gap G adhere to the electrostatic latent image having a relatively low voltage. That is, the electrostatic latent image is developed. The surplus developer is removed by the squeegee roller 12. When the development is repeated, toner particles of the developer adhere to the squeegee roller 12. The squeegee roller 12 squeegees surplus developer and concurrently presses the developed image to make it filmy. Here, some toner particles on the developed image adhere to the squeegee roller 12. The toner particles adhered to the squeegee roller 12 are transferred to the next image so that the subsequent images may be continuously contaminated. In particular, in the case of a color laser printer for developing and printing a color image, since four color are developed by four developing units in order to make a color image, if toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller 12 are mixed, an image of a desired color cannot be realized. For example, when four developing units are arranged to develop four colors, that is, yellow, cyan, magenta and black, it is assumed that the toner image developed by the first yellow developing unit passes a squeegee roller of the second cyan developing unit. Here, the toner particles of a cyan color developed on the photoreceptor web 1 are pressed to adhere to the squeegee roller of the cyan developing unit, that is, a reverse transfer occurs. The cyan toner particles adhere to the subsequent image passing the yellow developing unit so that the image is contaminated. Such a phenomenon is repeatedly generated on the surface of an image of the photoreceptor web 1 corresponding to the circumference of the squeegee roller, which is referred to as a squeegee offset phenomenon. The proceeding status of the squeegee offset phenomenon is shown in Figures 2 through 4. That is, as shown in Figure 2, when toner images C and Y developed by a cyan developing unit and a preceding yellow developing unit pass the squeegee roller 12 of the cyan developing unit, the cyan image C is pressed first by the squeegee roller 12, as shown in Figure 3. Here, some toner C' of the image is reverse transferred to the squeegee roller 12 and then adheres to the subsequent yellow image Y, as shown in Figure 4. Such a phenomenon becomes serious in the subsequent image among the four developing units since the squeegee offset phenomena at the precedent units are overlapped continuously. Thus, the above phenomenon is a hindrance to a high quality image and further causes contamination of developer in the subsequent developing unit. To overcome the above problem, a means for cleaning the surface of the squeegee roller 12 with only a mechanical force utilizing a frictional contact has been suggested. However, load to the rotating squeegee roller greatly increases. Since the squeegee roller 12 is driven by a driving force of the photoreceptor web 1, if the squeegee roller 12 is not properly rotated, an image is deteriorated. Also, when the squeegee roller 12 is formed of a material having a low surface energy, that is, a low frictional force, slippage is generated between the squeegee roller 12 and the photoreceptor web 1 so that an image is deteriorated. Using an electrical field between the squeegee roller and a cleaning blade has also been suggested (JP-A-11 327 312, JP-A-8 123 207). Therefore, it is desired to effectively handle toner particles which are reversely transferred to the surface of the squeegee roller 12. It is an aim of the present invention to provide a developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer which is improved to remove toner particles of developer adhering to the surface of the squeegee roller. According to the present invention there is provided a developing unit as set fourth in claim 1 appended hereto. Preferred features of the invention will be apparent from the dependent claims and the description which follows. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer comprising: a developing roller for forming a development gap with a photoreceptor web and developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor web; a squeegee roller located rearwardly of the developing roller for pressing the photoreceptor web to squeegee surplus developer, and a cleaning means for removing toner particles of the developer adhering to a surface of the squeegee roller using an electrical force; characterised by: the cleaning means comprising: a cleaning roller installed to maintain a predetermined gap with the squeegee roller, a first voltage applying portion for applying a voltage to the squeegee roller; and a second voltage applying portion for applying a voltage lower than that of the squeegee roller to the cleaning roller, wherein the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller move to the cleaning roller via a developer film formed at the gap due to a difference in voltage. Preferably, the voltage difference between the squeegee roller and the cleaning means is 1 kV or more. Preferably, the cleaning means comprises a squeegee blade rotatably located such that one end thereof contacts the surface of the squeegee roller, for removing toner particles adhering to a surface of the squeegee roller. Preferably, the cleaning means comprises a cleaning blade located such that one end thereof contacts the surface of the cleaning roller, for removing toner particles adhering to the surface of the cleaning roller. Preferably, the cleaning means comprises a brush roller, installed to rotate in contact with the surface of the squeegee roller, for removing the toner particles adhering to the surface of the squeegee roller. Preferably, the cleaning means comprises a brush roller, installed to rotate in contact with the surface of the cleaning roller, for removing the toner particles adhering to the surface of the cleaning roller. Preferably, the brush roller is arranged to rotate in contact with the developing roller so that the brush roller can also have a function of cleaning the developing roller. Preferably, the cleaning roller is formed to have a negative crown shape. For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which: Figure 1 is a view showing the conventional developing unit; Figures 2 through 4 are views for explaining a squeegee offset phenomenon; Figure 5 is a view showing a developing unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a view showing a developing unit according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 7 is a view showing a negative crown shape of a cleaning roller adopted in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figure 5, a developing unit 100 includes a developing roller 110 for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor web 1, and a squeegee roller 120 for squeegeeing surplus developer from a developed image. A voltage of about +600 V is applied to the photoreceptor web 1 while a voltage of a portion thereof where the electrostatic latent image is formed by light scanning by the laser scanner 30 drops to about +100 V. A voltage of +400 V is applied to the developing roller 110 and charged toner particles in the development gap G adhere to the electrostatic latent image due to the difference in voltage so that the electrostatic latent image is developed. The squeegee roller 120 presses the photoreceptor web 1 at the rear end of the developing roller 110 to squeegee the surplus developer and simultaneously make the developed image to be filmy. Reference numerals 111 and 121 denote a development backup roller and a squeegee backup roller, respectively. A cleaning means is provided for removing toner particles by cleaning the surface of the squeegee roller 120 by using an electrical force. For this purpose, the squeegee roller 120 is preferably formed by polyurethane rubber of which a surface portion has a shore rigidity of 50-60 and electrical resistivity of 10 6 - 10 8 Ωcm. Accordingly, the squeegee roller 120 can elastically press the photoreceptor web 1 against the squeegee backup roller 121 due to the elasticity of rubber. Also, since the above polyurethane rubber is conductive, when a voltage is applied, current can flow. The reason for applying a voltage is to remove toner by an electrical force. A detailed mechanism will be described later. The cleaning means includes a cleaning roller 170 installed such that it can maintain a gap G' of about 150 µ m with the squeegee roller 120, a first voltage applying portion 191 for applying a voltage to the squeegee roller 120, and a second voltage applying portion 192 for applying a voltage to the cleaning roller 170. The first voltage applying portion 191 applies a voltage of about +400 through +450 V to the squeegee roller 120 and the second voltage applying portion 192 applies about -1 kV through -1.5 kV to the cleaning roller 170 which is a voltage relatively lower than that of the squeegee roller 120. That is, a voltage difference is generated to form an electrical force toward the cleaning roller 170 from the squeegee roller 120. Here, since a reverse transfer toward the photoreceptor web 1 does not occur when the squeegee roller 120 forms a voltage lower than the photoreceptor web 1 which is charged to +600 V, a voltage of +400 through +450 V which is similar to that of the developing roller 110 is applied to the squeegee roller 120. A voltage difference, ΔV, between the squeegee roller 120 and the cleaning roller 170 for effective cleaning can be calculated from an equation that ΔV = (d 2 × Vp) / ( µ × w). Here, d is 150 µ m that is the width of the gap G' between the squeegee roller 120 and the cleaning roller 170; Vp is 81.3 mm/sec that is the circulating speed of the photoreceptor web 1 during development; µ is 4 × 10 -4 mm 2 /Vsec that is the mobility of the toner particles of developer; and w is 5 mm that is the width W of the developer film formed on the gap G'. The equation is obtained from the following processes. The voltage E of the cleaning roller 170 can be represented by (ΔV/d) (1+Rs/Rn). Here, Rs is a resistance of the squeegee roller 120 and Rn is a resistance of the developer film. However, since Rs/Rn is a very tiny value, it can be represented that E ≈ ΔV/d. To achieve effective cleaning, it is preferable that the time when toner particles move toward the cleaning roller 170 through the developer film is shorter than a process time, that is, the time when the width W of the developer film rotates as the photoreceptor web 1 circulates and the squeegee roller 120 is driven. This can be expressed as d/V < w/Vp. V is a movement speed of the particles which can be replaced by µ E. To sumarize the above, E ≈ ΔV/d > d × Vp/ µ × w. Consequently, the equation that ΔV = (d 2 × Vp)/( µ × w) is obtained. When the above values are replaced in the equation, ΔV is produced to be about 1.5 kV. Thus, since +400 through +450 V is applied to the squeegee roller 120, effective cleaning is achieved by applying a voltage of -1 kV through - 1.5 kV to the cleaning roller 170 to maintain a voltage difference of 1.5 kV. At least 1 kV of the voltage difference should be maintained to properly perform cleaning. By this voltage difference, an electrical force to transfer positively charged particles to the cleaning roller 170 from the squeegee roller 120 is formed in the gap G'. Since the toner particle of the developer is charged to be positive, if the particles adhere to the surface of the squeegee roller 120, the particles move toward the cleaning roller 170 due to the electrical force. The toner particles returned to the cleaning roller 170 are removed by a brush roller 130 and a blade 180 brushing the surface of the cleaning roller 170. Here, the brush roller 130 is arranged to clean not only the cleaning roller 170 but also the developing roller 110. The cleaning roller 170 is maintained to be away a predetermined distance from the developing roller 110 so that no sparks are generated due to a voltage applied to both the rollers. Reference numeral 140 denotes a blade closely contacting the squeegee roller 120 when a drip-line is removed. In the above structure, when a development process begins, developer is provided from the developer tank 20 to the development gap G via a manifold 150. The electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor web 1 passes through the development gap G and is developed into an image of a predetermined color by the charged toner particles. The surplus developer not contributing to the development is removed by the squeegee roller 120. The toner particles adhering to the surface of the squeegee roller 120 are moved to the cleaning roller 170 through the development film formed on the gap G' due to the voltage difference between the squeegee roller 120 and the cleaning roller 170. Then, the toner particles moved to the cleaning roller 170 are removed from the surface thereof by the brush roller 130 and the blade 180. Thus, if the toner particles adhere to the squeegee roller 120, they are instantly moved to the cleaning roller 170 and removed therefrom so that the image developed on the photoreceptor web 1 is not contaminated. Figure 6 shows a developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the present embodiment is almost the same as that of the previous embodiment, but distinguished in that a brush roller 131 for the squeegee roller 120 is further installed. That is, in the present embodiment, to remove the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller 120, a mechanical force by the brush roller 131 is added in addition to the electrical force in the previous embodiment. Thus, the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller 120 are primarily removed by the mechanical force of the brush roller 131. Here, the toner particles are provided with mobility. Then, the toner particles are removed by the electrical force formed by the first and second voltage applying portions 191 and 192, so that the surface of the squeegee roller 120 can be surely removed. The other structure and operational principle are the same as those of the previous embodiment. The shape of the cleaning roller 170 is preferably formed to be a negative crown, as shown in Figure 7. This is because, when the squeegee roller 120 closely presses the photoreceptor web 1 against the squeegee backup roller 121, a phenomenon that the roller is bent occurs, as shown in Figure 7. If the phenomenon occurs, either end portion of the gap between the squeegee roller 120 and the cleaning roller 170 is widened so that a degree of cleaning differs at the middle portion and the both end portions. Thus, by forming the cleaning roller 170 to be a negative crown, the gap difference between the middle portion and both end portions due to the bent squeegee roller 120 is compensated for so that relatively uniform cleaning can be performed. Therefore, a phenomenon that the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller 120 contaminates the subsequent image can be prevented by the above cleaning means. As described above, in the developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer, since the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller is removed, contamination of a developed image can be prevented and a clean image can be printed. Although a few preferred embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications might be made without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A developing unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer comprising: a developing roller (110) for forming a development gap (G) with a photoreceptor web (1) and developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor web; a squeegee roller (120) located rearwardly of the developing roller for pressing the photoreceptor web (1) to squeegee surplus developer; and a cleaning means (170) for removing toner particles of the developer adhering to a surface of the squeegee roller using an electrical force; characterised in that : the cleaning means (170) comprises: a cleaning roller (170) installed to maintain a predetermined gap (G') with the squeegee roller (120); a first voltage applying portion (191) for applying a voltage to the squeegee roller (120); and a second voltage applying portion (192) for applying a voltage lower than that of the squeegee roller (120) to the cleaning roller (170), wherein the toner particles adhering to the squeegee roller (120) move to the cleaning roller (170) via a developer film formed at the gap (G') due to a difference in voltage. The developing unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage difference between the squeegee roller (120) and the cleaning means (170) is 1 kV or more. The developing unit as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning means comprises a squeegee blade (140) rotatably located such that one end thereof contacts the surface of the squeegee roller (120), for removing toner particles adhering to a surface of the squeegee roller (120). The developing unit as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning means comprises a cleaning blade (180) located such that one end thereof contacts the surface of the cleaning roller (170), for removing toner particles adhering to the surface of the cleaning roller (170). The developing unit as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning means (170) comprises a brush roller (131), installed to rotate in contact with the surface of the squeegee roller (120), for removing the toner particles adhering to the surface of the squeegee roller (120). The developing unit as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning means comprises a brush roller (130), installed to rotate in contact with the surface of the cleaning roller (170), for removing the toner particles adhering to the surface of the cleaning roller (170). The developing unit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the brush roller (130) is arranged to rotate in contact with the developing roller (110) so that the brush roller (130) can also have a function of cleaning the developing roller (110). The developing unit as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning roller (170) is formed to have a negative crown shape.

Inventors: BYUN SEUNG-YOUNG, CHANG KEE-SON, JANG JAE-YOUNG, KIM YONG-KOOK, SEO JI-WON, BYUN, SEUNG-YOUNG, CHANG, KEE-SON, JANG, JAE-YOUNG, KIM, YONG-KOOK, SEO, JI-WON, Chang, Kee-son, 211-205 Hwanggol Maeul Hankuk Apt.
Applicants: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD, SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: G03G15