A METHOD OF PRODUCING ETHYL ACETATE AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing ethyl acetate by reaction of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride in presence of a solid acidic catalyst and during simultaneous distillatory separation of reaction components, in which acetic acid or acetic anhydride or their mixture and ethyl alcohol are introduced separately in molar ratio 2:1 to 1:2.5 and in a defined quantity, based on volume unit of catalyst, into the system separated into three zones, whereby, in the reaction zone, the reaction runs simultaneously with the distillatory separation of components, acetic acid feed is introduced into the reaction zone or above the zone and ethyl alcohol feed is introduced into the reaction zone or below this zone, in the upper separation zone, the volatile mixture is separated, thereafter, it is cooled to 5 to 70 DEG C and then separated to water and organic phases and this organic phase with high ethyl acetate content is drawn off and partially returned as reflux flow into this system, whereby, the ratio of the input components feed and the organic phase reflux flow is 1:1 to 1:20. A subject matter of this invention is also an equipment for carrying out this method.

Description: A METHOD OF PRODUCING ETHYL ACETATE AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYINGOUT THISMETHOD Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of ethyl acetate synthesis by esterifϊcation of acetic acid with ethyl alcohol or by reaction of acetic anhydride with ethyl alcohol which method uses the catalytic distillation in a column during which catalytic distillation a reaction on a catalytically active filling a rectification separation of reaction products takes place simultaneously. The present invention relates also to an equipment for carrying out this method. Background of the Invention Ethyl acetate is prepared by reaction of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, which reaction produces apart from ethyl acetate also water. Alternatively, ethyl acetate can be prepared by reaction of acetic anhydride with ethyl alcohol, during which reaction apart from ethyl acetate also acetic acid is produced, which acetic acid is further esterified by another portion of ethyl alcohol. The esterification is an equilibrium reaction and it is accelerated by presence of acid catalysts. For this purpose, predominantly mineral acids are used, preferably sulfur acid or as an advancement the solid acidic catalysts. Such acidic catalysts are mainly the acidic ion exchangers, or eventually zeolites, or the so called solid superacids, and so on. According to prior art methods, the reaction is usually carried out so that nearly equilibrium composition of reaction mixture is obtained in a reactor, which composition depends on the starting molar ratio of reacting components. The so obtained mixture is rectified in a column distilling out a mixture having composition close to the ternary heterogenic azeotrope containing ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and water. Because the amount of water produced by this reaction is greater then the amount of water distilled in form of the azeotrope, the superfluous water is withdrawn from the column boiler together with the unreacted acetic acid. The so obtained acetic acid has to be regenerated by another distillation. The following distillation separation of the organic phase of the ternary azeotrope so obtained, i.e. first of all, separation of the unreacted ethyl alcohol from ethyl acetate is, of course, very demanding considering that it is a substantially non-ideal mixture where ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate form a binary azeotrope, and apart from that they form ternary azeotrope with water having minimal boiling point. From the water phase, which was separated from the distillate of the first column, the dissolved ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol are then distilled out by means of another distillation column and this mixture of alcohol and acetate is then returned into the process. A complex method of separating the esterification reaction components is the main disadvantage of the prior art methods mentioned. In case of methods using the mineral acids as catalyst, significant environmental and corrosion problems are also observed. In principle, it is also known to carry out the esterification of acetic acid by ethyl alcohol in a distillation column either in absence of a catalyst (chem. Eng. Technol. 1997, 20, 182) or with feeding a homogenous catalyst, i.e. a mineral acid together with one of the reaction components (Chemia Stosowana 1989, 33, 509). Also, using of a batch column was disclosed, which column is filled with particles of an acidic ion exchanger, whereby, such particles act both as a catalyst and as a column packing (Separation Science and Technology 1992, 27, 613). Of course, rate of a non-catalytic esterification is to low to allow industrial use. The reactive distillation using homogenous catalyst feed brings about the above mentioned corrosion problems and environmental disadvantages. The distillation column packed with free particles of acidic catalyst is inapplicable in an industrial process because of high hydrodynamic resistance and poor separation efficiency. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art methods. Summary of the Invention A method of producing ethyl acetate by reaction of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride according to the present invention consists in that in presence of a solid acidic catalyst and during simultaneous distillatory separation of reaction components, acetic acid or acetic anhydride or their mixture and ethyl alcohol are introduced separately in molar ratio 2 : 1 to 1 : 2.5 and in a quantity expressed as total flow rate 0.1 to 10 h "1 of the introduced components, based on catalyst volume unit, into the system, in which system the reaction and the distillation separation are carried out in three zones, whereby, in the reaction zone the reaction runs simultaneously with the distillatory separation of components having different boiling points and in two separation zones, only the distillatory separation of components takes place, whereby, water produced as a by-product of the reaction, forming low-boiling azeotropic mixture with ethyl acetate, distils completely or partially from the system . Thereafter, the distillate is cooled to 5 to 70 °C and then water is separated from the ethyl acetate and other organic components of the distillate and it is withdrawn from the system, whereas the organic components of the distillate containing raw ethyl acetate predominantly are partially returned back as reflux flow, whereby, the feed stream of acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride and the ethyl alcohol feed are introduced into the system so that the acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride feed are introduced into the reaction zone or above this zone into a place situated above the place of the ethyl alcohol feed and the ethyl alcohol feed is introduced into the reaction zone or under this zone, whereby, the ratio between the feed of the starting components into the column and the organic phase reflux flow into the column head is 1 : 1 to 1 : 20 and the residual unreacted acetic acid that can contain a part of the water produced by chemical reaction and that was not separated in form of distillate is separated as the higher boiling bottom component. As catalyst, acidic ion exchanger can be used, for example a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing 1 to 25 % by weight of divinylbenzene with acidity 1 to 10 meqCHT g. However, any other acidic ion exchanging resins, or for example acidic zeolites and other known acidic catalysts can also be used. A preferable embodiment of this method is operated maintaining the following characteristics: molar ratio of acetic acid to ethyl alcohol 1 : 1 to 1 : 0.45, or that of acetic anhydride to ethyl alcohol 1 : 2 to 1 : 1.5; feed flow rate of input components, based on catalyst unit volume, 0.5 to 5 h "1 ; ratio of the input components fed into the reaction to the organic phase reflux flow is 1 : 1 to 1 : 20. Instead of pure acetic acid or acetic anhydride feed or of their mixture partially reacted mixture of acetic acid or acetic anhydride and ethyl alcohol can be used so that the feed stream containing acetic acid can also contain ethyl acetate and/or water and/or unreacted ethyl alcohol. The method according to the present invention is carried out using an equipment comprising a column consisting of three zones, whereby the reaction zone, placed in the middle part of the column contains solid acidic catalyst fixed on distillation trays or, in a preferable embodiment, anchored in the known types of oriented packings with internal channel structure, where the catalyst is fixed between two layers of inert porous material forming the structure of the packing, the bottom separation zone and the top separation zone comprise inert poured packings, what are the structured oriented packings of known designs or distillation built-in parts, the acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride feed pipeline is connected into the upper part of the reaction zone or above this zone, the ethyl alcohol feed pipeline is introduced into the bottom part of the reaction zone or under this zone, the column bottom is provided with a boiler, the draw-off of the unreacted acetic acid is provided in the column boiler or in the column bottom and the upper part of the column is terminated by a head, which head is provided with a withdrawal of distillate vapours into a condenser, whereby, a condensed distillate pipeline is provided transferring the condensed distillate into a separator, whereby, the separator is provided with a withdrawal pipeline for removal of the distillate water phase in the bottom part and with an outlet pipeline for draining of the reflux flow and an outlet pipeline for withdrawal of the distillate organic phase. It is apparent from the above specified summary of the invention that the method according to the present invention makes obtaining a higher then equilibrium, nearly 100 percent conversion of the starting components to ethyl acetate and water possible. Especially, if ethyl alcohol is supplied with slight stoichiometric deficit into the system, ethyl alcohol is converted to ethyl acetate nearly completely, which ethyl acetate is then obtained in form of easily separable mixture with water. The separation zones fulfil the function of separating reaction products, i.e. ethyl acetate and water, from the starting components, i.e. acetic acid and ethyl alcohol and returning of said starting components back into the reaction zone, whereby ethyl acetate is separated together with water as distillate continually, and after separation from the organic phase of this distillate, the water phase containing mainly ethyl acetate is separated from the system and the organic part of the distillate is partially returned to the column as back flow and partially drawn off. The input components, i.e. acetic acid or acetic anhydride and ethyl alcohol can be fed into the reaction zone either in stoichiometric ratio or with molar excess of acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride to convert nearly all ethyl alcohol. If the method according to the present invention is carried out at atmospheric pressure, the temperature mode of the column is stabilized so that temperature in the column head reaches 70 to 74 °C. Feed of the starting components into the column is realized so that ethyl alcohol is introduced into a lower place of the column then what is that of the acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride feed. In a usual embodiment of this method, ethyl alcohol is fed under the catalytic zone or into its lower part. On the other hand, the feed containing acetic acid or acetic anhydride is fed above this zone or into its upper part. Vapours passing away from the column head condense producing a mixture, which mixture is cooled to 70 to 5 °C and then separated to water and organic phases, whereby, the part of the organic phase containing primarily ethyl acetate is returned back into the column head as back flow and a part of it is drawn off. A specific feature of the method according to this invention is low ethyl alcohol content in the distillate, which content is lower than what would correspond to the concentration in the ethyl acetate - ethanol - water ternary azeotrope. This fact significantly facilitates final purification of the distillate product to the commercial purity by a not very demanding subsequent distillation. The water phase containing a quantity of dissolved ethyl acetate and eventually ethyl alcohol is drawn off. The dissolved ester and alcohol can be stripped off from this phase and both components can be returned back into the process. The excessive acetic acid is drawn off from the column boiler continually. The method according to the present invention makes possible to separate all water produced by chemical reaction in form of distillate or to withdraw a part of this water from the system as the bottom product together with the unreacted residual acetic acid. Brief Description of the Drawings The attached Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of an equipment for carrying out the method according to the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention The equipment according to Fig. 1 comprises a column 1 consisting of three zones, whereby, the reaction zone 2 placed in the middle part of the column 1 contains solid catalyst, the bottom separation zone 3 and the upper separation zone 4 contain oriented packings, inert poured packings or distillation built in parts. The acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride feed pipeline 5 is situated in the upper part of the reaction zone 2 or above this zone, the ethyl alcohol feed pipeline 6 is brought into the bottom part of the reaction zone 2 or under this zone. The bottom part of the column 1 is terminated by a column bottom 7, which column bottom 7 is provided with a boiler 8. An unreacted acetic acid withdrawal pipeline 9 is connected to this boiler 8. The upper part of this column 1 is terminated by a column head 10. This column head 10 is provided with a distillate vapours withdrawal pipeline H passing said vapours into a condenser 12. A condensed distillate withdrawal pipeline 13 interconnects the condenser J2 with a separator 14. The bottom part of this separator 14 is provided with a distillate water phase withdrawal pipeline 15. the upper part of the separator 14 is provided with a reflux flow pipeline 16 and a non- refluxed distillate organic phase, i.e. ethyl acetate, withdrawal pipeline 17. The method according to the present invention is carried out in the above described equipment so that the feed of acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride or of their mixture with ethyl acetate and/or water and/or ethyl alcohol is fed through the pipeline 5 into the bottom part of the upper separation zone 4 or into the upper part of the reaction zone 2, while the ethyl alcohol feed is brought through the pipeline 6 into the upper part of the bottom separation zone 3 or into the bottom part of the reaction zone 2, whereby, distillate vapours containing water, ethyl acetate and residues of unreacted ethyl alcohol are drawn off from the column head 10 and pass into the condenser 12 and they are then transferred further from this condenser L2 in form of condensed distillate into the separator 14 where the distillate water phase is separated from the distillate organic components. The organic components are then returned from the separator 14 back into the column I. Examples of Invention Embodiment Example 1 Fig. 1 shows a schematic drawing of an equipment according to the present invention. An atmospheric continually operated catalytic distillation column 1 was divided into three zones. The middle part of the column 1 forms the reaction zone 2. Under the reaction zone 2, a bottom separation zone 3 is provided and above the reaction zone 2 an upper separation zone 4 is provided. A boiler 8 is connected to the column bottom 7. A condenser 12 is connected to the column head K). A separator 14 is connected to the condenser 12. The reaction zone 2 was packed with catalytically active packing containing 33 g of acidic ion exchanger. Poured fillings were placed both in the bottom separation zone 3 and the upper separation zone 4 (Berl saddles of diameter 4 mm). Length of the separation zones 3 and 4 was 0.5 m. The method of production consisted in that ethyl alcohol feed was brought by pipeline 6 into the bottom separation zone 3 and the acetic acid feed was brought by pipeline 5 into the upper separation zone 4. Flow rate of both above mentioned starting materials was 0.25 mol/h. Distillate vapours were drawn off by pipeline H from the column head K) and transferred into the condenser 12. The condensed distillate was brought by pipeline 13 from the condenser !_2 and passed into the separator 14. The produced reaction water was drawn off with flow rate 4.2 g/h in form of distillate water phase brought by pipeline 15 from the separator 14, the organic phase of distilled azeotrope was drawn off with flow rate 21 g/h as raw ethyl acetate and greater part of this organic phase was returned as reflux flow by pipeline 16 into the column 1. The unreacted acetic acid was drawn off with flow rate 1.2 g/h by the withdrawal pipeline 9 from the boiler 8 so that a constant level was maintained in this boiler 8. Reaction conversion in this configuration was 92 %. Example 2 Ethyl acetate synthesis was carried out using identical conditions as in Example 1 with the exception that the starting component was acetic anhydride instead of the acetic acid, which acetic anhydride reacted in the pre-reactor in equimolar ratio with ethyl alcohol producing acetic acid and ethyl acetate. The reaction mixture was then fed to the column 1 instead of acetic acid. The selected total molar ratio of ethyl alcohol to acetic anhydride was 1.52. Using reflux ratio 1 : 6, the output of the apparatus was 0.46 mol h of raw ethyl acetate with purity 91.4 % by weight. Apart from ethyl acetate the product contained only 5.2 % by weight of water and 3.4 % by weight of ethyl alcohol. Output flow rate of the separated water phase in the separator 14 was 3.9 ml/h. Example 3 Ethyl alcohol esterification by acetic acid was carried out using an apparatus comprising a boiler 8 having volume 50 litres, a column 1 provided with a condenser 12 and with a separator \4. The catalytic distillation column 1 consisted of a reaction zone 2 packed with catalytically active packing KATAPAK ® S with 1.07 kg of acidic ion exchanger in Y form. The bottom separation zone 3 and the upper separation zone 4 were filled with oriented packing of efficiency 12 ( the bottom separation zone), i.e. 20 theoretical plates. Acetic acid was fed in quantity 0.73 kg/h through the pipeline 5 into the reaction zone 2, ethyl alcohol was fed in quantity 0.41 kg/h through the pipeline 6 to the upper boundary of the bottom separation zone 3. Water produced by this reaction was drained off from the separator 14 by the pipeline j_5, the organic phase was refluxed by the pipeline 16 into the column L, a part of the organic phase (0.86 kg/h) was drawn off as raw ethyl acetate through the pipeline 17. By drawing off the unreacted acetic acid thouh the pipeline 9 constant retention in the boiler 8 was maintained. Apart from ethyl acetate the product obtained 0.003 % by weight of acetic acid, 1.4 % by weight of ethyl alcohol and 1.43 % by weight of water. Example 4 Equipment and method were the same as in Example 3 with the difference that the feed stream 5 contained 66.6 % by weight of acetic acid, 0.8 % by weight of ethyl alcohol, 25.4 % by weight of ethyl acetate and 7.2 % by weight of water. The feeding rate was 0.843 kg/h. The feed of this composition was obtained by previous partial reacting of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol mixture by passage through a reactor of conventional design, filled with acid ion exchanger. Ethyl acetate was then drawn off from the separator 14 with flow rate being 0.84 kg/h. The ethyl acetate of purity 96.1 % by weight contained 2.6 % by weight of water and 0.5 % by weight of ethyl alcohol. No presence of acetic acid in the product was found by the gas chromatography method. Industrial Use The present invention will find use in chemical industry. The product obtained is suitable mainly as a solvent in production and use of coating materials and as extraction agent in pharmacy and biotechnology.

Claims: Claims 1. A method of producing ethyl acetate by reaction of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride in presence of a solid acidic catalyst and during simultaneous distillatory separation of reaction components, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t acetic acid or acetic anhydride or their mixture and ethyl alcohol are introduced separately in molar ratio 2 : 1 to 1 . 2.5 and in a quantity expressed as total flow rate 0.1 to 10 h "1 of the introduced components, based on catalyst volume unit, into the system, in which system the reaction and the distillation separation are carried out in three zones, whereby, in the reaction zone, the reaction runs simultaneously with the distillatory separation of components having different boiling points and in two separation zones, the distillatory separation of components takes place, whereby, water produced as a by-product of the reaction, forming low-boiling azeotropic mixture with ethyl acetate, distils completely or partially from the system, thereafter, the distillate is cooled to 5 to 70 °C and then water is separated from the ethyl acetate and other organic components of the distillate and it is withdrawn from the system, whereas, the organic components of the distillate containing raw ethyl acetate predominantly are partially returned back as reflux flow and partially are withdrawn, whereby, the ethyl alcohol feed and the acetic acid or acetic anhydride feed or that of their mixture are introduced into the system so that the acetic acid feed and or the acetic anhydride feed and/or that of their mixture are introduced into the reaction zone or above this zone into a place situated above the place of the ethyl alcohol feed and the ethyl alcohol feed is introduced into the reaction zone or under this zone, whereby, the ratio between the feed of the starting components into the column and the organic phase reflux flow back into the reaction place is 1 : 1 to 1 : 20 and the unreacted acetic acid is separated as the higher boiling bottom component. 2. A method according to Claim 1 c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t said starting acetic acid or said acetic anhydride or their mixture contain also ethyl acetate and/or water and/or ethyl alcohol. 3. A method according to Claim 1 and 2 c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t said acetic acid or said acetic anhydride or their mixture are introduced into the system in molar ratio 1 : 1 to 1 : 0.45 to said ethyl alcohol. 4. A method according to Claim lor2or3characterized in that the total flow rate of said introduced starting components based on volume unit of catalyst is 0.5 to 5 h "1 . 5. A method according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 characterized in that the ratio between feed of said input components into the reaction and reflux flow of said organic phase back into the reaction is 1 : 1 to 1 : 20. 6. A method according to Claim lor2or3or4or5characterized in that the said unreacted acetic acid, separated from the system as the higher boiling bottom component contains a part of the water produced by chemical reaction. 7. An equipment for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a column (1) consisting of three zones, whereby the reaction zone (2), placed in the middle part of the column (1), contains solid acidic catalyst, the bottom separation zone (3) and the top separation zone (4) comprise inert poured packing, oriented packing or distillation built-in parts, the acetic acid or acetic anhydride feed pipeline (5) is placed in the upper part of the reaction zone (2) or above this zone, the ethyl alcohol feed pipeline (6) is introduced into the bottom part of the reaction zone (2) or under this zone, the bottom part of said column (1) is terminated by a column bottom (7), the column bottom (7) is provided with a boiler (8), the unreacted acetic acid withdrawal pipeline (9) is led out from said boiler (8) or said column bottom (7) and the upper part of said column (1) is terminated by a head (10), said head (10) is provided with a distillate vapour withdrawal pipeline (11) leading into a condenser (12), whereby, said condenser (12) is connected by a condensed distillate withdrawal pipeline (13) with a separator (14), said separator (14) is provided with an distillate water phase withdrawal pipeline (15) in the bottom part and by a reflux flow pipeline (16) and by an ethyl acetate withdrawal pipeline (17) in the upper part. 8. An equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that said solid acidic catalyst is firmly fixed on distillation trays in said reaction zone (2) An equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that said solid acidic catalyst is fixed in said reaction zone (2) by systems known as such in a structure providing contact between the liquid phase and catalyst particles and also contact between liquid and vapour phase in counterflow movement of said phases.

Inventors: HANIKA JIRI, KOLENA JIRI, LEDERER JAROMIR, MORAVEK PAVEL, SKALA DAVID, SMEJKAL QUIDO, HANIKA, JI&RCARON, KOLENA, JI&RCARON, LEDERER, JAROMIR, MORAVEK, PAVEL, SKALA, DAVID, SMEJKAL, QUIDO
Applicants: CHEMOPETROL A S, HANIKA JIRI, KOLENA JIRI, LEDERER JAROMIR, MORAVEK PAVEL, SKALA DAVID, SMEJKAL QUIDO, CHEMOPETROL, A.S., HANIKA, JI&RCARON, KOLENA, JI&RCARON, LEDERER, JAROMIR, MORAVEK, PAVEL, SKALA, DAVID, SMEJKAL, QUIDO
Application year: 2000
Main classification: C07C67
IPC codes: B01D3, B01J8, B01J10, C07B61, C07C67, C07C69