PRINTED MEDIA BINDER

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (605) for binding separate pages into a bound document (618), the device (605) including alignment means (669) to sequentially receive and align each page (604) with a predetermined position; and binding means (673) for sequentially binding the second and subsequent pages to the previously aligned page.

Description: PRINTED MEDIA BINDER FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to printed media production and in particular binding pages of printed media into bound documents CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS Various methods, systems and apparatus relating to the present invention are disclosed in the following co-pending applications filed b\ the applicant or assignee of the present invention simultaneously w ith the present application. PCT/AU00/00518. PCT/AU00/00519. PCT/AU00/00520. PCT/AUOO/00521. PCT/AU00/00523, PCT/AU00/00524. PCT/AU00/00525. PCT/AU00/00526. PCT/AU00/00527. PCT/AU00/00528. PCT/AU00/00529. PCT/AUOO/00530. PCT/ΛUOO/0053 I . PCT/AUOO/00532. PCT/AU00/00533. PCT/AU00/00534. PCT/AU00/00535. PCT/ΛUOO'00536 PCT/AU00/00537. PCT/AU00/00538. PCT/AU00/00539. PCT/AUOO/00540, PCT/AU00/005 1. PCT/AU00/00542. PCT/AU00/00543, PCT/AUOO/00544. PCT/AU00/00545, PCT/AU00/00547. PCT/AU00/00546, PCT/AU00/00554, PCT/AU00/00556. PCT/AUOO/00557, PCT/AUOO/00558. PCT/AU00/00559. PCT/AUOO/00560. PCT/AU00/00561. PCT/AU00/00562. PCT/ΛU00/00563. PCT/ΛUOO/00564 PCT/AUOO/00566. PCT/ UOO/00567. PCT/AUOO/00568. PCT'ΛUOO/00569 PC 17 AUOO/00570 PCT/AU00/00571 , PCT/AU00/00572. PCT/AUOO/00573. PCT/AUϋO/00574. PCT/ΛUOO/00575. PCT/AU00/00576. PCT/AU00/00577. PCT/AU00/00578. PCT/AU00/00579. PCT/AU00/00581. PCT/AU00/00580. PCT/AUOO/00582. PCT/AUOO/00587, PCT/AU00/00588. PCT/AU00/00589. PCT/AU00/00583, PCT/AU00/00593. PCT/AU00/00590. PCT/AU00/00591. PCI /AU00/00592. PCT/AU00/00594, PCT/AU00/00595. PCT/AU00/00596. PCT/AU00/00597. PCT/AU00/00598, PCT/AU00/00516. and PCT/AU00/00517 The disclosures ol these co-pending applications are incorporated herein bv cross-reference BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the advent of the Internet has come the opportumiv for the print media industrv to publish • 'on-line rather than producing and distributing traditional paper based publications On-line publishing has a number of adv antages F rom the consumer s point of v iew , information is av ailable on demand, information can be navigated \ la h> perte\t links, inlormaπon can be searched, and information can be automatical!} personalised From the publisher s point of v iew, the costs of printing and physical distribution are eliminated and the publication becomes more attractive to adv ertisers as it can be targeted to specific demographics and linked to product sites On-line publication also has disadvantages Computer screens are infeπor to paper At the same qualitv as a magazine page, a SVGA computer screen displays only about a fifth as much information Both CRT's (Cathode Rav Tubes) and LCD's (Liquid Crystal Displav s) have brightness and contrast problems, particularly, w hen ambient light is strong Ink on paper, being reflectiv e rather than emissiv e is both bright and sharp in ambient light According!;, , people hav e a natural preference to read newspapers, magazines, catalogues, brochures and other publications in a bound paper based format know n digital printers, and in particular digital mk|et printers, do not make anv prov ision for binding together the pages ol printed media Such an arrangement would convenientlv prov ide for bound document production in the small office/home of fice (SOHO) env ironment This would also permit some of the existing draw backs of on-line publication to be addressed Howev er, tor this arrangement to be w idelv adopted it can not be inconveniently slow Therefore, anv provision for binding separate pages into a bound document must not add a significant amount of time to the production ot the document SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide means to bmd pages of printed media mto bound documents suitable for use m conjunction with a digital prmter Accordingly, the present invention provides a device for binding separate pages mto a bound document, the device including alignment means to sequentially receive and align each page with a predetermined position, and binding means for sequentially bmdmg the second and subsequent pages to the previously aligned page Preferably, the device is a printer In further preferred forms, the bmdmg means has an adhesive applicator and a reciprocating platen, where m use, the reciprocating platen presses each page against the previously aligned page to adhere them together In some of these embodiments the platen is actuated by a closed wire loop connected to a high-speed stepper motor In a particularly preferred form the bmdmg means is provided with a sensor operatively connected to the control of the stepper motor, wherem the sensor determines the position of the last page bound to the document to allow the platen to accurately adhere the next page to it According to some embodiments the alignment means includes a mechanism for engaging the edge of the page to push it mto the predetermined position According to preferred embodiments where the device is a prmter, the prmter may be adapted to print the full width of the page simultaneously It will be appreciated that by providing a bmdmg assembly that binds pages one by one mto a bound document, it may be used with a prmter to produce bound documents without significantly addmg to the time taken to print the separate pages of the document By progressively bmdmg sequential pages as they are produced by the pπnter, the bmdmg process is almost complete when the last page of the document is printed The present mvention allows the production of printed material m the traditionally appealing form of a bound document rather than separate pages With the aid of modem printers and computer network technology, the mvention has many applications in on-lme publication of newspapers, magazines, brochures and so on The present mvention will be described with particular reference to the netpage system An overview of this system is set out below It has been developed to allow a large number of distributed users to interact with networked information via printed matter and optical sensors thereby to obtain interactive printed matter on demand from high-speed networked color punters For this purpose, the Applicant has developed a range of netpage printers Of these, the wallpnnter is designed to be wall mounted m the area where the user would normally first consume the morning news such as m the kitchen or beside the breakfast table In light of this, it is expected that the wallpnnter will be one of the most widely used of the netpage printers and therefore it will be descnbed m detail below to illustrate one specific embodiment of the mvention However, it will be appreciated that this is merely one example of the invention, which may be embodied m many other forms BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS. Figure 1 shows a front three-quarter view of the wallpnnter, Figure 2 shows a section through the length of the wallpnnter, Figure 2a is an enlarged portion of Figure 2 showing a section of the duplexed print engmes, Figure 3 shows a simple exploded view of the wallpnnter, Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the ink cartndge, Figure 5 shows three-quarter views of the ink cartndge, Figure 6 shows a three-quarter view of a smgle ink bladder, Figures 7a and 7b show lateral and longitudinal sections of the ink cartndge, Figure 8 shows a front three-quarter view of the open media tray, Figure 9 shows the ink, air and adhesive supply hoses to the print engmes, Figure 10 shows a front three-quarter view of the electncal system of the prmter, Figure 11 shows a rear three-quarter view of the electncal system, Figure 12 shows a front three-quarter view of the wallpnnter with the lower front cover removed, Figure 13 shows a section through the bmder assembly, Figure 14 shows a rear three-quarter view of the open glue wheel assembly, Figure 15 shows a section through the bmdmg assembly and the exit hatch, Figure 16 shows a three-dimensional view of an interface module, Figure 17 shows an exploded view of an interface module, Figure 18 shows a top three-quarter view of the media tray, and Figure 19 shows a section through the top part of the prmter DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND OTHER EMBODIMENTS Note Memjet™ is the trade mark of Silverbrook Research Pt Ltd, Australia In the preferred embodiment, the mvention is configured to work with the netpage system, an overview of which follows The system is descnbed m this specification to reduce the need for external reference when attempting to understand the context m which the preferred embodiments and aspects of the present mvention operate In its preferred form, the netpage system relies on the production of, and human interaction with, netpages These are pages of text, graphics and images printed on ordmary paper, but which work like mteractive Web pages Information is encoded on each page using ink, which is substantially invisible to the unaided human eye The ink, however, and thereby the encoded information, can be sensed by an optically imaging pen (the netpage pen) and transmitted to the netpage system In the preferred form, active buttons and hyperlinks on each page can be clicked with the netpage pen to request information from the network or to signal preferences to a network server In one embodiment, text wntten by hand on a netpage is automatically recognized via the pen, allowing forms to be filled m In other embodiments, signatures recorded on a netpage are automatically venfied, allowing e-commerce transactions to be securely authorized The netpage pen works in conjunction with a netpage prmter, an Internet-connected printing appliance for home, office or mobile use The pen is wireless and communicates securely with the netpage printer via a short- range radio link The netpage prmter delivers, peπodicallv or on demand, personalized newspapers, magazines, catalogs, brochures and other publications, all printed at high quality as mteractive netpages Unlike a personal computer, the netpage printer is an appliance which can be, for example, wall-mounted adjacent an area where the morning news is first consumed, such as m a user's kitchen, near a breakfast table, or at the household's point of departure for the day It also comes m tabletop, desktop, portable and miniature versions Netpages pnnted at their pomt of consumption combme the ease-of-use of paper with the timeliness and interactivity of an mteractive medium The netpage svstem is made considerably more convenient because of the functional supenonty of the netpage Printers At the heart of these printers are high-speed microelectromechamcal svstem (MEMS) based Inkjet (Memjet™) pnntheads descnbed m vanous co-pendmg and co-filed applications from the list above In the preferred form of this technology, relatively high-speed and high-quality printing is made more affordable to consumers In its preferred form, a netpage publication has the physical charactenstics of a traditional newsmagazine, such as a set of letter-size glossy pages printed m full color on both sides, bound together for easy navigation and comfortable handling A netpage prmter prints pages of photographic-quality images and magazme quality text at a rate of over 30 double sided sheets per minute (that is, more than 60 pages per minute) They come m a vanety of forms, including wall-mounted versions, tabletop versions, portable versions, and pocket versions Given the nature of the netpage system, it is envisaged that one of the most commercially relevant forms of netpage printer will be the wall mounted version referred to as wallpnnter For convenience, the present mvention will be descnbed m detail with reference to this specific version shown in the accompanying drawings The vertically-mounted netpage wallpnnter 600 is shown fully assembled m Figures 1 and 2 As best shown m Figures 2, 2a and 19, it prints Netpages on A4 sized media usmg duplexed 8'Λ" Memjet™ pnnt engmes 602 and 603 It uses a straight paper path with the paper 604 passing through duplexed pnnt engmes 602 and 603 which pnnt both sides of a sheet simultaneoush , in full color and with full bleed A multi-DSP raster image processor (RIP) rastenzes pages to internal memory, and a pair of custom pnnt engine controllers expand, dither and pnnt page images to the duplexed pnntheads m real time An integral bmdmg assembly 605 applies a stnp of glue along one edge of each printed sheet, allowing it to adhere to the previous sheet when pressed against it This creates a final bound document 618 which can range m thickness from one sheet to several hundred sheets The binding assembly will be considered m close detail below with particular reference to Figures 13, 14 and 15 Referring to Figures 1 to 9, the wallpnnter 600 consists of a mam chassis 606, which accommodates all major components and assemblies As best shown m Figure 8, it has a pivoting media tray 607 on the front upper portion, which is covered by a front molding 608 and handle molding 609 The front molding 608, handle molding 609 and lower front molding 610 can vary m color, texture and finish to make the product more appealing to consumers They simply clip onto the front of the wallpnnter 600 Figures 10 and 11 show the wallpnnter electncal system in isolation A flexible printed circuit board (flex PCB) 611 runs from the media tray 607 to the mam PCB 612 It mcludes four different color LEDs 613, 614, 615 and 616 and a push button 617 The LEDs show through the front molding and indicate "on" 613, "ink out" 614, "paper out" 615, and "error" 616 The push button 617 elicits printed "help" m the form of usage instructions, prmter and consumable status information, and a directory of resources on the netpage network Printed, bound documents 618 exit through the base of the wallpnnter 600 mto a clear, plastic, removable collection tray 619 This is discussed m greater detail below with specific reference to Figure 15 The wallpnnter 600 is powered by an mtemal 110V/220V power supply 620 and has a metal mounting plate 621 that is secured to a wall or stable vertical surface by four screws Plunged keyhole slot details 622 m the metal plate 6 1 allow for four spigots mounted on the rear of the prmter to hook onto the plate As best shown in Figures 2 and 19, the wallpnnter 600 is prevented from bemg lifted off by a screw, which locates the chassis molding 606 to the plate 6 1 at one position behind the media tray 607 Referring to Figures 16 and 17, the side of the wallpnnter 600 mcludes a module bay 624 which accommodates a network interface module 625 which allows the printer to be connected to the netpage network and to a local computer or network The interface module 625 can be selected and installed m the factory or m the field to provide the interfaces required by the user The modules may have common connector options, such as IEEE 1394 (Firewire) connection, standard Centronics prmter port connection or a combmed USB2 649 and Ethernet 650 connection This allows the consumer to connect the wallpnnter 600 to a computer or use it as a network prmter Figure 17 shows the exploded assembly of the module 625 The mterface module PCB 651 , (with gold contact edge stnps) plugs directly mto the mam wallpnnter PCB 612 via an edge connector 654 The different connector configurations are accommodated m the module design by use of a tool insert 652 Fmger recesses 653 on either side of the module 625 allow for easy manual insertion or removal Turning to Figure 19, the mam PCB 612 is attached to the rear of the chassis 606 The board 612 interfaces through the chassis molding 606 to the mterface module 625 The PCB 612 also carries the necessary penpheral electronics to the Memjet™ pnntheads 705 This includes a mam CPU with two 32MB DRAMs, flash memory, IEEE 1394 mterface chip, six motor controllers, vanous sensor connectors, mterface module PCB edge connector, power management, internal external data connectors and a QA chip Figure 8 shows the front hatch access to the paper 604 and the ink cartndge 627 Referring to Figure 18, paper 604 is placed mto a hinged top tray 607 and pressed down onto a sprung platen 666 The tray 607 is mounted to the chassis 606 via lunges 700 Each lunge has a base, a lunge lever and a hinge side Pivots on the base and paper/media tray 607 engage the lever and side such that the paper/media tray 607 rotates m a manner that avoids kinking the supply hoses 646 The paper 604 is positioned under edge guides 667 before being closed and is automatically registered to one side of the tray 607 by action of a metal spring part 668 An ink cartndge 627 connects mto a pivoting ink connector molding 628 via a senes of self-sealing connectors 629 The connectors 629 transmit ink, air and glue to their separate locations The ink connector molding 628 contains a sensor, which detects a QA chip on the ink cartndge and venfies identification pnor to printing When the front hatch is sensed closed, a release mechanism allows the sprung platen 666 to push the paper 604 against a motorized media pick-up roller assembly 626 Figure 4, shows the complete assembly of the replaceable ink cartndge 627 It has bladders or chambers for storing fixative 644, adhesive 630, and cyan 631, magenta 632, yellow 633, black 634 and infrared 635 inks The cartndge 627 also contains a micro air filter 636 m a base molding 637 As shown m Figure 9, the micro air filter 636 interfaces with an air pump 638 mside the prmter via a hose 639 This provides filtered air to the pnntheads 705 to prevent ingress of micro particles mto the Memjet™ pnntheads 705 which may clog the nozzles By incorporating the air filter 636 within the cartndge 627, the operational life ol the filter is effectively linked to the life of the cartndge This ensures that the filter is replaced together with the cartndge rather than relying on the user to clean or replace the filter at the required intervals Furthermore, the adhesive and infrared ink are replenished together with the visible inks and air filter thereby reducmg how frequently the prmter operation is interrupted because of the depletion of a consumable matenal The cartndge 627 has a thin wall casing 640 The ink bladders 631 to 635 and fixitive bladder 644 are suspended within the casmg by a pin 645 which hooks the cartndge together The smgle glue bladder 630 is accommodated m the base molding 637 This is a fully recyclable product with a capacity for printing and gluing 3000 pages (1500 sheets) Referring to Figures 2, 2a, 10, 11 and 19, the motorized media pick-up roller assembly 626 pushes the top sheet directly from the media tray 607 past a paper sensor (not shown) on the first prmt engme 602 mto the duplexed Memjet™ pnnthead assembly Two Memjet™ pnnt engmes 602 and 603 are mounted m an opposmg m-lme sequential configuration along the straight paper path The paper 604 is drawn mto the first pnnt engme 602 by integral, powered pick-up rollers 626 The position and size of the paper 604 is sensed and full bleed printing commences Fixative is pnnted simultaneously to aid drying m the shortest possible time As best shown m Figure 2a, the Memjet™ pnnt engmes 602 and 603 mclude a rotary cappmg blotting and platen device 669 The cappmg device seals the Memjet™ pnntheads 705 when not m use It uncaps and rotates to produce an integral blotter, which is used for absorbing ink fired from the pnntheads 705 during routine prmter startup maintenance It simultaneously moves an mtemal cappmg device mside the Memjet™ pnnthead 705 that allows air to flow mto the protective nozzle shield area The third rotation of the device moves a platen surface mto place, which supports one side of the sheet 604 during printing The paper exits the first Memjet™ pnnt engme 602 through a set of powered exit spike wheels (aligned along the straight paper path), which acts against a rubberized roller These spike wheels contact the 'wet' pnnted surface and continue to feed the sheet 604 mto the second Memjet™ pnnt engme 603 This second pnnt engme 603 is mounted the opposite way up to the first m order to pnnt the underside of the sheet 604 As shown m Figures 2, 2a, 9, 13 and 14, the paper 604 passes from the duplexed pnnt engmes 602 and 603, mto the bmder assembly 605 The pnnted page passes between a powered spike wheel axle 670 with a fibrous support roller and another movable axle with spike wheels and a momentary action glue wheel 673 The movable axle/glue assembly 673 is mounted to a metal support bracket and it is transported forward to mterface with the powered axle 670 by action of a camshaft 642 A separate motor powers 675 this camshaft Both motors 676 are controlled by the Memjet™ pnntheads The glue wheel assembly 673 consists of a partially hollow axle 679 with a rotating couplmg 680 for the glue supply hose 641 from the ink cartndge 627 This axle 679 connects to a glue wheel 681 , which absorbs adhesive by capillary action through radial holes A molded housmg surrounds the glue wheel 681, with an opening at the front Pivoting side moldings 683 and sprung outer doors 684 are attached to the metal support bracket and lunge out sideways when the rest of the assembly 673 is thrust forward This action exposes the glue wheel 681 through the front of the molded housmg Tension springs 685 close the assembly and effectively cap the glue wheel 681 during penods of inactivity As the sheet 604 passes mto the glue wheel assembly 673, adhesive is applied to one vertical edge on the front side (apart from the first sheet of a document) as it is transported down mto the bmdmg assembly 605 It will be appreciated that this arrangement applies adhesive to each page during printing so that the paper movement through the prmter is not interrupted or stopped at a separate gluing station This mcreases the prmter speed, however, it requires that the pages move through the prmter m "portrait" configuration (that is, m a direction parallel to the long edges) This in turn requires the paper tray, bmdmg station and collection station to be m portrait configuration This may make the overall length of the printer too great to conveniently fit mto areas having limited space In these situations, the media tray, bmdmg station and collection station can be arranged in "landscape" onentation (short sides parallel to paper movement) to shorten the length of the prmter However, the gluing assembly must still be able to apply glue along the long side of the pages In this version of wallpnnter (not shown), the adhesive is applied to the longitudinal edge of each page with a reciprocating glue stnp The "portrait" bmder assembly 605 is best shown m Figure 13 It has a metal support chassis 686, a sprung molded binding platen 687 that runs on four traverser rods, a molded angled platen 689 which supports the document 618 after the sheet 604 has been moved across, and an exit hatch 690 with support bracket 691 The pnnted page 604 is fed m until it rests on the exit hatch 690 The bmdmg platen 687 is propelled forward at high speed via a looped system of wheels 692 and a sprung steel cable 693 that attaches to a powered cable winder shaft 694 As the cable winder shaft 694 is rotated, the cable loop 693 shortens and transports the bmdmg platen 687 forward This powered shaft 694 has a slip clutch mechanism and provides the necessary speed to push the sheet 604 forward onto the rear of a previous sheet, glue/bind it then return under the action of return springs 699 to the home position to accept the next pnnted sheet A smgle operating cycle of the reciprocating platen takes less than 2 seconds The bmdmg assembly 605 bmds pages one by one mto a bound document, thereby producmg bound documents without sigmficantly addmg to the time taken to pnnt the separate pages of the document Furthermore it applies the adhesive directly pnor to pressmg it against the previous page This is more effective than applying adhesive to the rear of each page and sequentially pressmg each page to the subsequent page because any mterruption m the printing process such as replemshmg the paper supply may allow the adhesive applied to the last adhered page to detenorate and become less effective The cable 693 is sprung to allow for positive pressure to be applied to the previous sheet to aid bmdmg Furthermore, the angled platen 689 is shallower at the top than at the base in order to support the document 618 m an over axis configuration A sensor (not shown) operatively connected to the control of the stepper motor, may be used to determine the position of the last page bound to the document to allow the platen to accurately adhere the next page to it A paper tapper 643 knocks the sheet 604 to one side of the bmder 605 as it is transported across to the angled platen 689 The mam PCB 612 controls motors 695, 696 and 697 for the cable winder shaft 694, the tapper 643 and the exit hatch 690 respectively When a document 618 is bound and finished, the powered exit hatch 690 opens A tamper sensor (not shown) is provided to detect document jams or other interference acting to prevent the exit hatch 690 from closmg The tapper 643 also tap aligns the pnnted document 618 during ejection out of the bmder 605 mto the collection tray 619 Plastic foils 698 on the lower front molding 610 work together with the hatch 690 to direct the finished document 618 to the back of the collection tray 619 and feed any further documents mto the tray without hitting existing ones A plurality the flexible foils may be provided, each having different lengths to accommodate documents having different page sizes The collection tray 619 is molded clear plastic and pulls out of its socket under a certain loading Access for removing documents is provided on three sides The mvention has been descnbed herein with reference to the specific examples only Skilled workers m this field will readily recognize many vanations and modifications, which do not depart from the spint and scope of the broad inventive concept A sensor (not shown) operatively connected to the control of the stepper motor, may be used to determine the position of the last page bound to the document to allow the platen to accurately adhere the next page to it A paper tapper 643 knocks the sheet 604 to one side of the bmder 605 as it is transported across to the angled platen 689 The mam PCB 612 controls motors 695, 696 and 697 for the cable winder shaft 694, the tapper 643 and the exit hatch 690 respectively When a document 618 is bound and finished, the powered exit hatch 690, which mcludes a tamper sensor, opens The tapper 643 also tap aligns the pnnted document 618 during ejection out of the bmder 605 mto the collection tray 619 Plastic foils 698 on the lower front molding 610 work together with the hatch 690 to direct the finished document 618 to the back of the collection tray 619 and feed any further documents mto the tray without hitting existing ones The collection tray 619 is molded m clear plastic and pulls out of its socket under a certain loading Access for removing documents is provided on three sides The mvention has been descnbed herem with reference to the specific examples only Skilled workers m this field will readily recognize many vanations and modifications, which do not depart from the spint and scope of the broad mventive concept

Claims: CLAIMS 1 A device for bmdmg separate pages mto a bound document, the device including alignment means to sequentially receive and align each page with a predetermined position, and bmdmg means for sequentially bmdmg the second and subsequent pages to the previously aligned page 2 A device accordmg to claim 1 wherem the device incorporates a prmter 3 A device accordmg to claim 1 wherem the bmdmg means has an adhesive applicator and a reciprocatmg platen, where m use, the reciprocating platen presses each page agamst the previously aligned page to adhere them together 4 A device accordmg to claim 3 wherem the platen is actuated by a closed wire loop connected to a highspeed stepper motor 5 A device accordmg to claim 4 wherem the bmdmg means is provided with a sensor operatively connected to the control of the stepper motor, wherem the sensor determmes the position of the last page bound to the document to allow the platen to accurately adhere the next page to it 6 A device according to claim 1 wherem the alignment means mcludes a mechanism for engagmg the edge of the page to push it mto the predetermined position 7 A device accordmg to claim 2 wherem the prmter is be adapted to pnnt the full width of the page simultaneously

Inventors: KING TOBIN ALLEN, LAPSTUN PAUL, SILVERBROOK KIA, KING, TOBIN, ALLEN, LAPSTUN, PAUL, SILVERBROOK, KIA
Applicants: KING TOBIN ALLEN, LAPSTUN PAUL, SILVERBROOK KIA, SILVERBROOK RES PTY LTD, KING, TOBIN, ALLEN, LAPSTUN, PAUL, SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY. LTD., SILVERBROOK, KIA
Application year: 2000
Main classification: B42C19
IPC codes: B41J2, B41J3, B41J11, B41J13, B41J29, B42C1, B42C9, B42C19, B65H29, B65H37, G06F3, G06K9, G06K17, H04L9, H04N1, H04N7, H04Q7