METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING DATA TO A TERMINAL

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring data between points in a network over a digital communication link (109) is disclosed and is particularly applicable to links provided by integrated services digital network (ISDN) equipment (111, 113). The method and apparatus provide for a low bandwidth permanent communications link for receiving messages and/or data without the need to establish a full network connection.

Description: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING DATA TO A TERMINAL The present invention relates to the transfer of data between points in a network and in particular to the transfer of data over a digital communications link comprising a signalling channel and a data channel. One example of such a link is provided by Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) equipment. ISDN enables devices to communicate with each other using digital signals over a standard telephone network. ISDN network terminating units (NTUs) provide a communications link made up of a signalling channel and one or more data channels. The signalling channel is used to establish and control connections via one or more of the data channels. The data channels are used to transfer data. Computers and other processors are connected to a network of other computers by either a permanent link or a temporary link. Permanent links are commonly provided by cabling that connects a network card installed in the computer to the rest of a local area network (LAN). The computer is thereby permanently connected to the network and can usually send and receive data over the network at any time. Temporary links are commonly provided via a telephone network, the computer being provided with a modem so as to be able to send and receive data over a telephone line. In order to send or receive data, the computer has to dial up another computer that provides a suitable service and establish a connection before any data can be transferred between the computers. One example of a temporary connection is that made by a home or office computer to an internet service provider (ISP). While a permanent connection via a LAN provides immediate access to other computers via the network, it requires a significant investment in cabling which is expensive and in many cases unfeasible. The alternative temporary dial up connection is a cheaper solution but data can only be sent and received during a connection. Connections via the telephone network usually incur call charges, thus normally prohibiting the use of a dial up connection as a permanent network link. According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of transmitting one or a plurality of textual messages to a destination via a communications link comprising a signalling channel and one or more data channel(s), said signalling channel being operable to establish and control connections between a source and a destination apparatus via said communications link so that data can be transferred between a source and destination via one or more of the data channel(s), said method comprising the steps of: a) firstly establishing the number of messages to be transmitted and transmitting data representing said number; b) secondly identifying the sender of each message and transmitting data representing each said sender; c) thirdly transmitting data representing the text of each message. This arrangement has the advantages that it can give the user an early indication of e-mails having arrived at the server computer of the Internet Service Provider (ISP). In other words, the user does not have to dial up the ISP to check for new data/e-mail. in addition, data such as e-mail can be downloaded to the NTU during periods of low use or overnight. A further advantage is that the number of calls made to the ISP may be reduced. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a computer network embodying the present invention; Figures 2a and 2b show the format of messages sent between devices in the network of Figure 1 ; Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating processing carried out by one of the computers in the network of figure 1 ; Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a network terminating unit in the network of figure 1 ; and Figure 5 is a flow diagram illustrating processing carried out by the network terminating unit of Figure 4. Figure 1 shows a computer network 1 01 (simplified for the purposes of this description) comprising a server computer 103 connected to a database 105 and a network 1 07. The server 1 03 is running conventional software for providing an e-mail service. The database 105 is used for storing data associated with providing an e- mail service. The network 1 07 comprises a combination of computer networks and telephone networks to provide connections between the server computer 1 03 and other computers. A connection 1 09 is shown between the network 107 and a network terminating unit (NTU) 1 1 1 which in turn is connected to a modem 1 1 3 and a client computer 1 1 5. The client computer 1 1 5 is a conventional desktop computer such as a PC running e-mail client software for sending and receiving e-mail. The connection 109 allows the client computer 1 1 5 and the server computer 103 to communicate with each other so that a user of the client computer 1 1 5 can send and receive e-mail or other data via the server computer 103. The connection 1 09 is an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) connection that provides digital communications between the two computers 103, 1 1 5. Accordingly, the NTU 1 1 1 is an ISDN NTU and the modem 1 1 3 is a conventional ISDN modem. Similarly, the server computer 1 03 also comprises the functionality of an ISDN modem and an ISDN NTU (not shown). As noted above, the ISDN connections provide a digital (as opposed to analogue) connection between two pieces of equipment. Typically, the link comprises two high bandwidth channels called B-channels for carrying user's data and a lower bandwidth channel called a D-channel for carrying out signalling and connection control. In other words, the D-channel is used to set up and monitor a connection between two pieces of equipment and carries out the necessary communications with the telephone network to do so. The connection itself is provided via one (or more) of the B- channels under the control of the D-channel. The B-channel is the normal conduit for the data transmission. The way in which ISDN connections function is defined in Recommendations published by the Telecommunication Standardisation Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) . One such recommendation is entitled "Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1 (DSS 1 ) - ISDN User-Network Interface Layer 3 Specification for Basic Call Control" (ITU-T Recommendation Q.931 ). This recommendation specifies the procedures for the establishing, maintaining and clearing of network connections at the ISDN user-network interface. The procedures are defined in terms of messages exchanged over the D-channel of the ISDN link. The layer (Layer 3) referred to in the title of the recommendation is a layer in the protocol structure used for carrying out digital communications. Layer 3 of the ISDN protocol structure includes the signalling that ensures that messages are routed to the appropriate destinations, messages are acknowledged and communications are controlled. In other words, layer 3 is the protocol level of D-channel signalling. Figure 2a illustrates the format for every message 201 transmitted on the D-channel in accordance with the ITU-T Recommendation. Each message 201 comprises a protocol discriminating part 203, a call reference 205, a message type indicator 207 and an information element 209. The protocol discriminating part is used by the network 107 to discriminate between messages for user-network call control and other types of message and is always the first part of any message. The call reference 205 is a unique identifier that distinguishes all messages for a particular connection or call from other messages. The message type indicator 207 identifies the function of the message being sent. The information element 209 carries additional information particular to pieces of equipment in the network 1 07 and will be described further with reference to Figure 2b. One form of additional information that may be carried by the information element 209 is termed "user-user" information. Such information is not interpreted by the network 107 during its transmission but is delivered transparently to an ISDN destination. Figure 2b illustrates the structure of a user-user information element. The first part of the element is the identifier 21 1 that identifies the element 209 as user- user as opposed to any other of the possible elements defined by the ITU-T Recommendation. The second part 21 3 indicates the length of the element 209 which has a network dependant limit of 35 or 1 31 octets for messages sent in association with a circuit-mode connection and a limit of 260 octets for those messages sent in a temporary or permanent user-user signalling connection. The third part 21 5 of the element 209 is used to discriminate the protocol of the element 209 from that of other elements. The fourth part 21 7 is the section of the message that can be used for carrying the user's information. The form of the contents of this message section 21 7 are unrestricted. The third part 21 5 of the element 209 is used to identify the protocol being used for the message. In accordance with the ITU Recommendations, this can be a user specific protocol that enables the fourth part 217 of the element 209 to be structured in accordance with the user's needs i.e. in accordance with a user-defined protocol. In the present embodiment, the user-user message facility is used to pass e- mail messages between the computers 103, 1 1 5 as will be described in further detail below. The server computer 103 is capable of creating a conventional ISDN connection via the network 107, NTU 1 1 1 and the modem 1 1 3 to the client computer 1 1 5. With reference to Figure 3, the e-mail software running on the server computer 103 is arranged to respond at step 301 to either of two stimuli. These stimuli are either the receipt of one or more e-mail messages destined for the user of the client computer 1 1 5 or to a predetermined time having elapsed. When one of the two stimuli is received, then at step 303, the server 103 opens a D-channel user-user signalling connection to the NTU 1 1 1 . At step 305, information representing the number of messages is passed to the NTU in a signalling message. Then at step 307, identifications of the senders or the titles of each message (or both) are sent to the NTU in one or more signalling messages. At step 309, the text of each message is sent to the NTU in one or more signalling messages. Then at step 31 1 , any attachments to the e-mail messages already sent are then sent to the NTU. Once all the messages have been sent, the server process returns to step 301 to await a further stimulus. With reference to Figure 4, the NTU 1 1 1 comprises a transmission control unit 401 connected between the network connection 109 and the modem 1 1 3. The transmission control unit 401 operates under the control of a micro-processor 403 which is also connected to a local storage device 405. The micro-processor 403 in combination with the transmission control unit 401 are arranged to carry out the functions of a conventional ISDN NTU. In addition to these conventional functions, the processor is also arranged to detect incoming user-user signalling messages on the D-channel that use a user defined protocol that indicates the fact that a message contains information relating to e-mail messages. Also, the micro-processor is arranged to detect whether or not the computer 1 1 5 and modem 1 1 3 are connected to it and active. With reference to Figure 5, at step 501 , the processor 403 scans incoming user-user signalling messages for those containing e-mail data and when such a message is received, moves to step 503. As will be understood from the description of the transmission of the e-mail data by the server 103 (with reference to figure 3), each user-user message may only contain parts of e-mails or their attachments. Accordingly, if partial information is received, this is placed in the store 405 at step 505 and the process returns to step 501 . If at step 503 part of an e-mail or attachment is received that completes data already placed in the store 405 then the process moves to step 507. Similarly, if a complete e-mail text, list of titles or attachment is received, the process moves to step 507. At step 507, the completed e-mail information is placed in the store 405 and the process moves to step 509 and establishes whether the computer 1 1 5 is active (i.e. booted up and running). If the computer 1 1 5 is not active then the process returns to step 501 . If the computer 1 1 5 is active then at step 51 1 the processor identifies the new and complete messages or parts thereof in the store 405 and, if present, moves to step 513. If at step 51 1 no new and complete messages (or parts thereof) are present the process returns to step 501 . At step 51 3, the processor is arranged to transfer the complete messages (or parts thereof) to the computer 1 1 5 for display to the user via the client e-mail software. Once the transfer is complete, the process returns to step 501 . The processor 403 is also arranged to respond to two further events. Firstly, if the processor 403 detects at step 51 5 that the computer 1 1 5 has just booted up then the process moves to step 509 as described above. Secondly, if the processor detects at step 51 7 that the modem 1 1 3 is being used to dial a number that corresponds to the server computer 103, the processor postpones the call and moves to step 509. This ensures that the e-mail already stored in the NTU 1 1 1 can be presented to the user before the process of dialling up the server 1 03 is proceeded with. The server computer 103 and the client computer 1 1 5 are arranged to send user-user messages that contain sufficient information to enable the NTU 1 1 1 to establish how parts of e-mails sent in separate messages are linked to enable the NTU 1 1 1 to reconstitute the e-mail messages. Suitable protocols for enabling the NTU 1 1 1 to carry out this function are readily available to those skilled in the art. As described above, the timing of the downloading of the e-mail data can be triggered by new e-mail arriving at the server 103 or by a predetermined time having elapsed. In addition or alternatively, the downloading could be triggered when activity on the D-channel is at a minimum such as during the night. In addition to e-mail being downloaded it would also be possible to download other data (including instruction data) such as previously ordered software, the results of searches, news information or telemetry data. As well as being used to download data from the server to the client computer, the arrangement described above can also be useful for sending data from the client computer to the server computer such as e-mails for sending. With such an arrangement it would then be possible to send and receive non-urgent data without needing to make a specific call to the appropriate e-mail/internet service provider. This would reduce the use of valuable B-channel bandwidth and increase the convenience to the user. In the embodiment described above, the server computer is arranged to download all of each e-mail message. As an alternative, the server could be arranged to download only partial information such as the number of e-mails, their titles or the sender details. Such details could then be displayed or indicated to the user by the NTU itself without the need for the client computer. This would enable users to judge whether a call to the internet service provider (ISP) to download all the e-mails was justified. This feature would also enable a user to detect when a particular e-mail has arrived without having to make repeated calls to the ISP. The client or server software can be arranged to be configurable by the user so that the amount or type of data that is downloaded can be defined by the user. In addition, the timing of any download can be governed by user configuration. As a further alternative, the server or client software can be arranged to detect when a particular download will exceed a predetermined time limit and instead to open a B- channel to complete the download. Similarly, if the D-channel is busy or congested or if the download is large and/or urgent a B-channel can be opened and used for the download. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the processing required to provide the functions described above need not be provided by the server computer of the ISP but, instead, could be provided by an alternative processor in the network between the ISP and the client computers. Such a processor may be in a telephone network router or other network element. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the invention described above may be embodied in one or more computer programs. These programmes can be contained on various transmission and/or storage mediums such as a floppy disc, CD- ROM, or magnetic tape so that the programmes can be loaded onto one or more general purpose computers or could be downloaded over a computer network using a suitable transmission medium. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising" and the like are to be construed in an inclusive as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

Claims: CLAIMS 1 . A method of transmitting one or a plurality of textual messages to a destination via a communications link comprising a signalling channel and one or more data channel(s), said signalling channel being operable to establish and control connections between a source and a destination apparatus via said communications link so that data can be transferred between a source and destination via one or more of the data channel(s), said method comprising the steps of: a) firstly establishing the number of messages to be transmitted and transmitting data representing said number; b) secondly identifying the sender of each message and transmitting data representing each said sender; c) thirdly transmitting data representing the text of each message. 2. A method according to claim 1 in which the data is transmitted to the destination using messages sent via the signalling channel. 3. A method according to any preceding claim the activity of the signalling channel is monitored and the data sent to the destination only if the signalling channel activity is within a predetermined range. 4. A method according to any preceding claim in which the data is only sent within a predetermined time interval. 5. A method according to any preceding in which an estimate the time for transmitting data to a destination via the signalling channel is made and, if the time exceeds a predetermined threshold, the data is transmitted to the destination using one or more of the data channels.

Inventors: BENNET WADE, MALLETT COLIN THOMAS, BENNET, WADE, MALLETT, COLIN, THOMAS
Applicants: BENNET WADE, BRITISH TELECOMM, MALLETT COLIN THOMAS, BENNET, WADE, BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY, MALLETT, COLIN, THOMAS
Application year: 2000
Main classification: H04L12
IPC codes: H04L12, H04L29, H04Q11