ALPHA V INTEGRIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nonanoic acid derivatives, their synthesis, and their use as alphaV integrin receptor antagonists. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integrin receptors alphaV beta3 and alphaV beta5 and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthritis, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth.

Description: TITLE OF THE INVENTION ALPHA V LNTEGRIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to nonanoic acid derivatives, their synthesis, and their use as αv mtegπn receptor antagonists More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integπn receptors αvβ3, otvβ5, and αv integπn receptors associated with other β-subumts, and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is believed that a wide vaπety of disease states and conditions can be mediated by acting on integπn receptors and that integπn receptor antagonists represent a useful class of drugs. Integπn receptors are heterodimeπc transmembrane receptors through which cells attach and communicate with extracellular matπces and other cells. (See S.B. Rodan and G.A. Rodan, "Integπn Function In Osteoclasts," Journal of Endocrinology, 154: S47- S56 (1997), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). In one aspect of the present invention, the compounds herein are useful for inhibiting bone resorption. Bone resorption is mediated by the action of cells known as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells of up to about 400 mm in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates. Osteoclasts are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone, and can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases, thereby causing the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states, namely, the secretory state and the migratory or motile state. In the secretory state, osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone matπx via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone. The adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption. In the migratory or motile state, the osteoclasts migrate across bone matπx and do not take part in resorption until they again attach to bone. Integπns are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration The most abundant integπn on osteoclasts, e g , on rat, chicken, mouse and human osteoclasts, is an integπn receptor known as αvβ3, which is thought to interact in bone with matπx proteins that contain the RGD sequence Antibodies to αvβ3 block bone resorption in vitro indicating that this integπn plays a key role in the resorptive process There is increasing evidence to suggest that αvβ3 hgands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption in vivo in mammals The cuπent major bone diseases of public concern are osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, peπodontal disease, hypeφarathyroidism, peπarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthπtis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid-mduced osteoporosis All of these conditions are characteπzed by bone loss, resulting from an imbalance between bone resorption, I e breakdown, and bone formation, which continues throughout life at the rate of about 14% per year on the average However, the rate of bone turnover differs from site to site, for example, it is higher in the trabecular bone of the vertebrae and the alveolar bone m the jaws than in the cortices of the long bones The potential for bone loss is directly related to turnover and can amount to over 5% per year in vertebrae immediately following menopause, a condition which leads to increased fracture πsk In the United States, there are cuπently about 20 million people with detectable fractures of the vertebrae due to osteoporosis In addition, there are about 250,000 hip fractures per year attπbuted to osteoporosis This clinical situation is associated with a 12% mortality rate within the first two years, while 30% of the patients require nursing home care after the fracture Individuals suffeπng from all the conditions listed above would benefit from treatment with agents which inhibit bone resoφtion Additionally, αvβ3 hgands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis (I e recuπence of stenosis after coπective surgery on the heart valve), atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and angiogenesis (l e formation of new blood vessels), and inhibiting viral disease Moreover, it has been postulated that the growth of tumors depends on an adequate blood supply, which m turn is dependent on the growth of new vessels into the tumor, thus, inhibition of angiogenesis can cause tumor regression in animal models (See Harnson's Pnnciples of Internal Medicine, 12th ed , 1991, which is mcoφorated by reference herein m its entirety) Therefore, αvβ3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis can be useful in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumor growth (See, e g., Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157-1164 (1994), which is incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety). Evidence has also been presented suggesting that angiogenesis is a central factor in the initiation and persistence of arthπtic disease, and that the vascular integπn αvβ3 may be a prefeπed target in inflammatory arthπtis. Therefore, αvβ3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of arthπtic disease, such as rheumatoid arthπtis (see CM. Storgard, et al , "Decreased angiogenesis and arthπtic disease m rabbits treated with an αvβ3 antagonist," J. Clin. Invest., 103: 47-54 (1999), which is incoφorated by reference herein its entirety). Moreover, compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovasculaπzation by acting as antagonists of the integπn receptor, αvβ5. A monoclonal antibody for αvβ5 has been shown to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea and the chick choπoallantoic membrane model (See M.C. Fπedlander, et.al., Science 270: 1500-1502 (1995), which is incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety). Thus, compounds that antagonize αvβ5 are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. Additionally, compounds of the instant invention can inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation by acting as antagonists of αv integπn receptors associated with other β subumts, suh as αvβό and αvβ8. (see, for example, Melpo Chπstofidou-Solomidou, et al., "Expression and Function of Endothe al Cell αv Integπn Receptors in Wound-Induced Human Angiogenesis m Human Skin/SCID Mice Chimeras," Ameπcan Journal of Pathology. 151: 975-83 (1997) and Xiao-Zhu Huang, et al., "Inactivation of the Integπn β6 Subunit Gene Reveals a Role of Epithelial Integπns in Regulating Inflammation m the Lungs and Skin, Journal of Cell Biology," 133: 921-28 (1996), which are incoφorated by reference herein in their entirety). In addition, certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the αvβ3 and αvβ5 receptors These compounds, refeπed to as "dual αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonists," are useful for inhibiting bone resoφtion, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. Peptidyl as well as peptidomimetic antagonists of the αvβ3 integπn receptor have been descπbed both in the scientific and patent literature For example, reference is made to W.J. Hoekstra and B.L Poulter, Cuπ Med Chem 5 195-204 (1998) and references cited therein, WO 95/32710; WO 95/37655, WO 97/01540, WO 97/37655; WO 98/08840, WO 98/18460; WO 98/18461, WO 98/25892, WO 98/31359, WO 98/30542; WO 99/15506, WO 99/15507, WO 99/31061, WO 00/06169, EP 853084; EP 854140, EP 854145; US Patent No 5,780,426, and US Patent No. 6,048,861 Evidence of the ability of αvβ3 integπn receptor antagonists to prevent bone resoφtion in vitro and in vivo has been presented (see V.W. Engleman et al., "A Peptidomimetic Antagonist of the αvβ3 Integπn Inhibits Bone Resoφtion in Vitro and Prevents Osteoporosis in Vivo," J. Clin Invest. 99. 2284-2292 (1997); S.B Rodan et al., "A High Affinity Non-Peptide αvβ3 Ligand Inhibits Osteoclast Activity In Vitro and In Vivo " J. Bone Miner. Res. 11: S289 (1996), J.F. Gourvest et al., "Prevention of OVX-Induced Bone Loss With a Non-peptidic Ligand of the αvβ3 Vitronectm Receptor," Bone 23: S612 (1998); M.W. Lark et al., "An Orally Active Vitronectm Receptor αvβ3 Antagonist Prevents Bone Resoφtion In Vitro and In Vivo in the Ovaπectomized Rat," Bone 23: S219 (1998)). The αvβ3 integπn receptor recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tπpeptide sequence in its cognate matπx and cell surface glycoproteins (see J. Samanen, et al., "Vascular Indications for Integπn αv Antagonists," Cuπ. Pharmaceut. Design 3: 545-584 (1997)). A benzazepme nucleus has been employed among others by Genentech and SmithKline Beecham as a conformationally constrained Gly-Asp mimetic to elaborate nonpeptide αvβ3 integπn receptor antagonists substituted at the N-terminus with heterocychc arginme mimetics (see R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of Potent Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor (αvβ3) Antagonists," J. Med. Chem. 40: 2289-2292 (1997); R.M. Keenan et al., "Benzimidazole Deπvatives As Arginme Mimetics in 1,4-Benzodιazepιne Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor (αvβ3) Antagonists," Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 8: 3165-3170 (1998); and R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of an Imidazopyπdme- Containing 1,4-Benzodιazepme Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor (αvβ3) Antagonist With Efficacy in a Restenosis Model," Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 8 3171-3176 (1998) Patents assigned to SmithKline Beecham that disclose such benzazepme, as well as related benzodiazepine and benzocycloheptene, αvβ3 integπn receptor antagonists include WO 96/00574, WO 96/00730, WO 96/06087, WO 96/26190, WO - A - 97/24119, WO 97/24122, WO 97/24124, WO 98/15278, WO 99/05107, WO 99/06049, WO 99/15170, and WO 99/15178, and to Genentech include WO 97/34865 The dibenzocycloheptene, as well as dibenzoxazepme, nucleus has also been employed as a Gly-Asp mimetic to afford αvβ3 antagonists (see WO 97/01540, WO 98/30542, WO 99/11626, and WO 99/15508 all assigned to SmithKline Beecham) Other integπn receptor antagonists featuπng backbone conformational πng constraints have been descπbed in WO 98/08840; WO 99/30709; WO 99/30713, WO 99/31099; WO 00/09503; U.S. Patent No. 5,919,792, U.S. Patent No. 5,925,655, U.S Patent No 5,981,546, and US Patent No. 6,017,926. However, there still remains a need for small-molecule, non-peptidic selective αv integπn receptor antagonists that display improved potency, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacok etic properties, such as oral bioavailabi ty and duration of action, over already descπbed compounds. Such compounds would prove to be useful for the treatment, prevention, or suppression of vaπous pathologies enumerated above that are mediated by αv integπn receptor binding and cell adhesion and activation. In U.S. Patent No. 6,048,861 (Apπl 11, 2000), we disclosed, inter aha, a seπes of 3-substιtuted nonanoic acid deπvatives which are potent αvβ3 integπn receptor antagonists. In the present invention, we descπbe analogous alkanoic acid deπvatives which are substituted at the C-5 or C-7 position of the aliphatic chain with an oxygen functionality, such as hydroxy and keto, and at C-3 with an optionally substituted aryl group. When compared to the parent compounds, the chain- oxygenated compounds of the instant invention are less hydrophobic, show decreased binding to plasma proteins, and exhibit supeπor in vivo pharmacokmetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel nonanoic acid deπvatives oxygenated at the C-5 or C-7 position of the aliphatic chain which are useful as αv integπn receptor antagonists. It is another object of the present invention to provide novel nonanoic acid deπvatives oxygenated at the C-5 or C-7 position of the aliphatic chain which are useful as αvβ3 receptor antagonists. It is another object of the present invention to provide novel nonanoic acid deπvatives oxygenated at the C-5 or C-7 position of the aliphatic chain which are useful as αvβ5 receptor antagonists It is another object of the present invention to provide novel nonanoic acid deπvatives oxygenated at the C-5 or C-7 position of the aliphatic chain which are useful as dual αvβ3/αvβ5 receptor antagonists It is another object of the present invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions compπsing integπn receptor antagonists It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for eliciting an integπn receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by admmisteπng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for inhibiting bone resoφtion, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for treating osteoporosis. It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for inhibiting bone resoφtion, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for treating osteoporosis. These and other objects will become readily apparent from the detailed descπption which follows. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel compounds represented by structural formula (I): (I) wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of Y is CH2; O; or NRl; each Rl is independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl and each non-aromatic ring carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or two R2 substituents and each aromatic ring carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one R2 substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, Cι_8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl-Cι_6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-6 alkyl, amino, amino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, C1 -3 acylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, (Ci-6 alkyl)ι_2 amino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 amino, (Ci-6 alkyl)ι_2 amino-Ci-6 alkyl, Cι _6 alkoxy, C1.4 alkoxy-Cj.-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Cι _6 alkyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy-Cι_6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, Ci-8 alkyl-S(O)0-2> (Cl-8 alkyl)θ-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci- alkyloxycarbonylamino, (Ci-8 alkyl) 1 -2 aminocarbonyloxy, (aryl Ci-3 alkyl) 1-2 amino, (aryl) 1 -2 amino, aryl-Ci-3 alkylsulfonylamino, and Ci- alkylsulfonylamino; or two R substituents, when on the same non-aromatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, or two R2 substituents, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, join to form a 4- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocychc πng, R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or Ci-6 alkoxy, R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl, or R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen, is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of (1) phenyl, (2) naphthyl, (3) pyπdyl, (4) furyl, (5) thienyl, (6) pyrrolyl, (7) oxazolyl, (8) thiazolyl, (9) lmidazolyl, (10) pyrazolyl, (11) isoxazolyl, (12) isothiazolyl, (13) pyπmid yl, (14) pyraz yl, (15) pyπdazmyl, (16) tetrazolyl, (17) quinolyl, (18) isoquinolyl, (19) benzimidazolyl, (20) benzofuryl, (21) benzothienyl, (22) indolyl, (23) benzthiazolyl, (24) benzoxazolyl, (25) dihydrobenzofuryl, (26) benzo(l,3)dioxolanyl, (27) benzo(l,4)dioxanyl, (28) quinazolyl, (29) quinoxalyl, and (30) 3,4-dihydro-2HJJ-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl; wherein the aryl group as defined above in items (1) to (30) is unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from hydroxy, hydroxy-Cι-.6 alkyl, halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Cι_3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, di(Ci-6)alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, di(Ci-6)alkylamino- Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, Cι_4 alkyl sulfinyl, Ci-4 alkyl sulf on yl, Ci-4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι_3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lJJ-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, and nitro; or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose ring carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Cι_3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substituted-pyridin-3- yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Cι_3 alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of the present invention are useful as αv integrin receptor antagonists. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also relates to methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods for eliciting an αv integπn receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administeπng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods for inhibiting bone resoφtion. restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth by administeπng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods for treating osteoporosis by administeπng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to novel nonanoic acid deπvatives descπbed by the stmctural formula (I) (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of Y ιs CH2, O, or NRl, each Rl is independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl and each non-aromatic πng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or two R2 substituents and each aromatic πng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one R2 substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-6 alkyl, ammo, amino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylammo, Ci-3 acylamιno-Ci-6 alkyl, (Ci-6 alkyl) 1-2 ammo, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 amino, (Ci-6 alkyl) 1-2 amino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkoxy, Cι_4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, C1.3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy-Ci-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, tπfluoroethoxy, Ci-8 alkyl-S(O)θ-2> (Cl-8 alkyl)θ-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (Ci-8 alkyl) 1 -2 ammocarbonyloxy, (aryl Cι_3 alkyl) 1 -2 amino, (aryl) 1 -2 ammo, aryl-C -3 alkylsulfonylamino, and Ci-8 alkylsulfonylamino, or two R2 substituents, when on the same non-aromatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, or two R2 substituents, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, join to form a 4- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocychc πng, R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or -6 alkoxy; R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl; or R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen; R7 ΪS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of (1) phenyl, (2) naphthyl, (3) pyπdyl, (4) furyl, (5) thienyl, (6) pyπolyl, (7) oxazolyl, (8) thiazolyl, (9) lmidazolyl, (10) pyrazolyl, (11) isoxazolyl, (12) isothiazolyl, (13) pyπmidmyl, (14) pyrazinyl, (15) pyπdazmyl, (16) tetrazolyl, (17) qumolyl, (18) isoquinolyl, (19) benzimidazolyl, (20) benzofuryl, (21) benzothienyl, (22) indolyl, (23) benzthiazolyl, (24) benzoxazolyl, (25) dihydrobenzofuryl, (26) benzo(l,3)dιoxolanyl, (27) benzo(l,4)dιoxanyl, (28) quinazolyl, (29) qu oxalyl, and (30) 3,4-dιhydro-2H-l,4-dιoxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group as defined above in items (1) to (30) is unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from hydroxy, hydroxy-Ci-6 alkyl, halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamιno-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, dι(Ci-6)alkylammo, Ci-6 alkylamιno-Ci-6 alkyl, dι(Ci-6)alkylamιno- Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, Ci-4 alkylsulfmyl, Ci-4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, lJJ-tπfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, tπfluoroethoxy, and nitro; or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated πng containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose πng carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Ci-3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substιtuted-pyπdιn-3- yl, then the 6-substιtuent on the pyπdm-3-yl πng is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. One embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (I), (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is R3 IS hydroxy and R5 IS hydrogen or R5 ΪS hydroxy and R3 is hydrogen, or R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen, R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, and R2, R7 ? and R are as defined above In one class of this embodiment, R7 IS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyπdyl, quinolyl, pyπmidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyndazmyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3J-dιhydro-2H-l,4-dιoxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstitued or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substιtuted-pyndιn-3-yl, then the 6-substιtuent on the pyπdιn-3-yl πng is other than methoxy In another class of this embodiment, R7 IS quinolyl, pyπdyl, or pyπmidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Cι_3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, 1,1,1- tπfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, and tπfluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-substituted- pyπdm-3-yl, then the 6-substιtuent on the pyπdm-3-yl πng is other than methoxy In a subclass of this class of this embodiment, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylamino, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Ci-6 alkyl) 1-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy. In a further subclass of this class, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylamino, C1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy. Another class of this embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (π) wherein X is R3 is hydroxy and R5 is hydrogen or R5 is hydroxy and R3 is hydrogen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen; R2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, or cyclopropylmethylamino; R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Cι_3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. A second embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (UJ), (HI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is and R2, R7 5 and R8 are as defined above. In one class of this embodiment, R7 is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyπdyl, quinolyl, pyπmidinyl, pyrazmyl, pyπdazmyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dιhydro-2H-l,4-dιoxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R2 IS hydrogen, and R IS 6-substituted-pyndin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdm-3-yl πng is other than methoxy. In another class of this embodiment, R7 IS quinolyl, pyπdyl, or pyπmidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Cι_3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, 1JJ- tπfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, and tπfluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R2 ΪS hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-substιtuted- pyπdιn-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdιn-3-yl πng is other than methoxy. In a subclass of this class, R2 IS selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Cι_4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl Cι_3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylammo, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Ci-6 alkyl)i-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy. In a further subclass of this class, R2 IS selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylarmno, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy. Another class of this second embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (in), (HI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is R2 IS hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; R7 IS quinolyl, pyπdyl, or pyπmidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl, R2 IS hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-substιtuted-pyπdιn-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdιn-3-yl πng is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl. A third embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (IN): (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is and R2, R7 ? and R8 are as defined above. In one class of this embodiment, R7 is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy. In another class of this embodiment, R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, 1JJ- trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted- pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy. In a subclass of this class, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl Ci_3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylamino, Ci-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Ci-6 alkyl)ι_2 aminocarbonyl, C1-.4 alkoxycarbonyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy In a further subclass of this class, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylammo, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy Another class of this third embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (IV) ( IV ) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is R2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Cι_3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. Additional embodiments of the present invention are directed to compounds of formulae I-IN wherein R is hydrogen. The compounds of the present invention of structural formula (I) wherein R3 is hydrogen, R5 is hydroxy, and R8 is hydrogen, such as in stmctural formula (V), can also exist in the ring-closed δ-lactone form of stmctural formula (VI). (V) Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of compounds of the present invention that are useful as αv integrin receptor antagonists are the following: 3-(Pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Qumohn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Qumohn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-hydroxyN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(6-Ethoxy-pyndin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(6-Ethoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(6-Ethoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-ρyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[ 1 ,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylpyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Isopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Isopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(2Jsopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-tert-Butyl-pyπrmdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-ρyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(Quιnoxalιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Quιnoxahn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc 3(S)-(Quιnoxahn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6 ( 7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3- b]azepιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3- b]azepιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2,3-Dιhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2,3-Dιhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2,3-Dιhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 9-(6-Methylamιno-pyπdιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyπmιdm-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-9-(6-Methylamιno-pyπdιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyπmιdm-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-9-(6-Methylamιno-pyπdιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyπmιdm-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 9-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyπdιn-6-yl)-3-(2-methoxypyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid, 9-(2,4-Dιamιnopynmιdm-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(Pyrazιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(Pyrazm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Pyrazιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrazm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-ρyrazin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(3J-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(3J-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(3J-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(6-methyl-5,6,7.8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(5-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(5-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(5-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vmyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vιnyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-ρyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vιnyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydiO- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmidm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(Qumohn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyndιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5.6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Dιmethylamιno-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Dιmethylamιno-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, and 3(S)-(2-Dιmethylamιno-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Further illustrative of the present invention are compounds selected from the group consisting of: 3(R)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-ρyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)N-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Qumolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(Qumohn-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Ethoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Ethoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naρhthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [1,8] naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [l,8] naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1,8] naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1,8] naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Isopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Isopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-ρyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quinoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quinoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-9-(6-Methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-9-(6-Methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Pyrazin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Pyrazin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(3J-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(3J-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(5-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(5-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vmyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vmyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-ρyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pynmidm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pynmidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1.8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Qumohn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyndιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyndin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Dιmethylammo-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; and 3(S)-(2-Dιmethylammo-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Even further illustrative of the compounds of the present invention are the following: 3(S)-(2-Methy]-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts." Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid. Representative salts include the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcmate, hydrabamme, hydrobromide, hydrochloπde, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamme ammonium salt, oleate, oxalate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, sahcylate, stearate, sulfate, subacetate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, tπethiodide and valerate Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention cany an acidic moiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e g , sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic hgands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts. The compounds of the present invention can have chiral centers and can thus occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeπc mixtures, and individual diastereomers, with all isomeπc forms being included in the present invention. Therefore, where a compound is chiral, the separate enantiomers or diastereomers, substantially free of the other, are included within the scope of the invention; further included are all mixtures of the two enantiomers. Some of the compounds descπbed herein contain olefinic double bonds, and unless specified otherwise, are meant to include both E and Z geometπc isomers. Some of the compounds descπbed herein may exist with different points of attachment of hydrogen, refeπed to as tautomers. Such an example may be a ketone and its enol form, known as keto-enol tautomers. The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed within the compounds of the present invention Compounds of the present invention may be separated into diastereoisomeπc pairs of enantiomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof The pair of enantiomers thus obtained may be separated into individual stereoisomers by conventional means, for example, by the use of an optically active acid as a resolving agent, or by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase Alternatively, any enantiomer of a compound of the present invention may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting mateπals or reagents of known configuration. Also included within the scope of the invention are polymoφhs and hydrates of the compounds of the instant invention The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention In general, such prodmgs will be functional deπvatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administeπng" shall encompass the treatment of the vaπous conditions descπbed with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug deπvatives are descπbed, for example, "Design of Prodrugs," ed H Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, which is incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu The term "therapeutically effective amount" shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician The term "integπn receptor antagonist," as used herein, refers to a compound which binds to and antagonizes either the αvβ3 receptor or the αvβ5 receptor, or a compound which binds to and antagonizes a combination of these receptors (for example, a dual αvβ3/αvβ5 receptor antagonist) The term "bone resoφtion," as used herein, refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone The term "alkyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkanes of one to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (I e , methyl, ethyl, 1- propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, etc ) The term "alkenyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range The term "alkynyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range The term "cycloalkyl" shall mean cyclic πngs of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (I e , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl) The term "cycloheteroalkyl," as used herein, shall mean a 3- to 8- membered fully saturated heterocyclic πng containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S. Examples of cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to piperidinyl, pyπolidinyl, azetidinyl, moφholinyl, piperazinyl. The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to straight or branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified (e.g., C1-.5 alkoxy), or any number within this range (i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, etc.). The term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic system comprising at least one aromatic ring, wherein the monocylic or bicyclic system contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, and wherein the monocylic or bicylic system is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, Cι_ alkyl, C3_8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl C1-.3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_3 acylamino, Cι_3 acylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, di(Cι_6) alkylamino, di(Ci-6) alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Cι_4 alkylthio, Cι_4 alkyl sulfinyl, Ci-4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Ci-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, oxo, and Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Examples of aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolyl, quinoxalyl, indolyl, thienyl, furyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzo(l,3)dioxolanyl, benzo(l,4)dioxanyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and tetrazolyl, which are either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Cι_3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, di(Ci-6) alkylamino, di(Cι_6) alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_4 alkoxy, Cι_4 alkylthio, Cι_4 alkylsulfmyl, Ci-4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Ci-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, oxo, and C _5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri- substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents; more preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above- named substituents. Whenever the term "alkyl" or "aryl" or either of their prefix roots appears in a name of a substituent (e.g., aryl Cθ-8 alkyl), it shall be inteφreted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl" and "aryl " Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e g , Ci-8) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl appears as its prefix root. The terms "arylalkyl" and "alkylaryl" include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, fluorophenylethyl, chlorophenylethyl, thienylmethyl, thienylethyl, and thienylpropyl Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyπdme, ethylpyπdine, propylpyπd e and butylpyπd e. In the compounds of the present invention, two R2 substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group. The term "halogen" shall include iodine, bromine, chloπne, and fluoπne. The term "oxy" means an oxygen (O) atom. The term "thio" means a sulfur (S) atom. The term "oxo" means "=O". The term "carbonyl" means "C=O." The term "substituted" shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different. Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the terminal portion of the designated side chain is descπbed first, followed by the adjacent functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a Cι_5 alkylcarbonylam o Ci-6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to O II -C 1-6 alkyl-NH-C-Cϊ- 5 alkyl . In choosing compounds of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the vaπous substituents, i.e X, Rl, R2, R3 R4 R5 R6 - A3 - R7, and R8, are to be chosen m conformity with well-known pπnciples of chemical structure connectivity Representative compounds of the present invention typically display submicromolar affinity for the αv integπn receptors, particularly the αvβ3 and αvβ5 receptors Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffeπng from a bone condition caused or mediated by increased bone resoφtion, who are need of such therapy. Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit the activity of mammalian osteoclasts The compounds of the present invention are administered m dosages effective to antagonize the αvβ3 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the αv integπn receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of: bone resoφtion, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. In one embodiment of the method, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resoφtion. Another example of the invention is the method wherein the αv integπn receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ5 antagonizing effect. More specifically, the αvβ5 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. Further illustrating the invention is the method wherein the αv integπn receptor antagonizing effect is a dual αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the dual αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of: bone resoφtion, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. More particularly illustrating the invention is a pharmaceutical composition compπsing any of the compounds descπbed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner Another example of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by combining any of the compounds descπbed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition compπsing combining any of the compounds descπbed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating and or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an αv tegnn receptor in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds descπbed above Preferably, the condition is selected from bone resoφtion, osteoporosis, restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, cancer, tumor growth, and metastasis More preferably, the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis. More specifically exemplifying the invention is a method of eliciting an integπn antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, compπsing admmisteπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions descnbed above. Preferably, the mtegnn antagonizing effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect, more specifically, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resoφtion, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, and inhibition of cancer or metastatic tumor growth Most preferably, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone resoφtion. Alternatively, the mtegnn antagonizing effect is an αvβ5 antagonizing effect or a dual αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonizing effect. Examples of αvβ5 antagonizing effects are inhibition of restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and metastatic tumor growth Additional examples of the invention are methods of inhibiting bone resoφtion and of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, compπsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions decπbed above Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, penodontal disease, hypeφarathyroidism, peπarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthntis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, compπsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions descnbed above. More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds descnbed above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds descnbed above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of bone resoφtion, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, inflammatory arthntis, viral disease, and/or angiogenesis. Also exemplifying the invention are compositions further compπsing an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) a cytotoxic/antipro ferative agent, e) a matπx metalloprote ase inhibitor, f) an inhibitor of epidermal-deπved, fibroblast-deπved, or platelet- den ved growth factors, g) an inhibitor of VEGF, h) an antibody to a growth factor or to a growth factor receptor, l) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, TckTιe-2, or Tιe-1, j) a cathepsm K inhibitor, k) a growth hormone secretagogue, 1) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase, m) an inhibitor of urokmase plasmmogen activator (u-PA), n) a tumor-specific antιbody-ιnterleukm-2 fusion protein, o) an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and p) a prenylation inhibitor, such as a famesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, and mixtures thereof. (See, B. Millauer et al., "Dominant-Negative Inhibition of Flk-1 Suppresses the Growth of Many Tumor Types in Vivo", Cancer Research, 56, 1615-1620 (1996), which is incoφorated by reference herein its entirety). Preferably, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase, e) an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and f) a cathepsm K inhibitor; and mixtures thereof Nonhmiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, nsedronate, ibandronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. A particularly preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium tπhydrate. Nonhmiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progestenn, estradiol, droloxifene, raloxifene, and tamoxifene. Nonhmiting examples of cytotoxic/antiprohferative agents are taxol, vmcπstine, vmblastme, and doxorubicin. Cathepsm K, formerly known as cathepsm O2, is a cysteine protease and is descπbed in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 96/13523, published May 9, 1996; U.S. Patent No. 5,501,969, issued March 3, 1996; and U.S. Patent No. 5,736,357, issued Apπl 7, 1998, all of which are incoφorated by reference herein in their entirety. Cysteine proteases, specifically cathepsins, are linked to a number of disease conditions, such as tumor metastasis, inflammation, arthπtis, and bone remodeling. At acidic pH's, cathepsins can degrade type-I collagen. Cathepsm protease inhibitors can inhibit osteoclastic bone resoφtion by inhibiting the degradation of collagen fibers and are thus useful in the treatment of bone resoφtion diseases, such as osteoporosis. Members of the class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, known as the "statins," have been found to tngger the growth of new bone, replacing bone mass lost as a result of osteoporosis (see The Wall Street Journal, Fπday, December 3, 1999, page B 1) Therefore, the statins hold promise for the treatment of bone resoφtion Nonhmiting examples of statins are lovastatin, simvastatm, atorvastatm, and pravastatin Evidence for a crucial role of the urok ase-urokinase receptor (u-PA- u-PAR) in angiogenesis, tumor invasion, inflammation, and matnx remodeling during wound healing and development has been presented [see Y. Koshelnick et al., "Mechanisms of signaling through Urokinase Receptor and the Cellular Response," Thrombosis and Haemostasis 82- 305-311 (1999) and F Blasi, "Proteolysis, Cell Adhesion, Chemotaxis, and Invasiveness Are Regulated by the u-PA-u-PAR-PAI-1 System," Thrombosis and Haemostasis 82: 298-304 (1999)] Thus, specific antagonists of the binding of u-PA to u-PAR have been found to inhibit cell-surface plasmmogen activation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. H.N. Lode and coworkers in PNAS USA 96: 1591-1596 (1999) have observed synergistic effects between an antiangiogemc αv integπn antagonist and a tumor-specific antibody-cytokine (ιnterleukm-2) fusion protein in the eradication of spontaneous tumor metastases. Their results suggested this combination as having potential for the treatment of cancer and metastatic tumor growth. The proton ATPase which is found on the apical membrane of the osteoclast has been reported to play a significant role in the bone resoφtion process. Therefore, this proton pump represents an attractive target for the design of inhibitors of bone resoφtion which are potentially useful for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and related metabolic diseases (see C. Faπna et al., "Selective inhibitors of the osteoclast vacuolar proton ATPase as novel bone antiresoφtive agents," DDT, 4: 163-172 (1999)). Evidence has been presented that androgenic steroids play a physiological role m the development of bone mass men and women and that androgens act directly on bone. Androgen receptors have been demonstrated in human osteoblast-hke cell lines and androgens have been shown to directly stimulate bone cell proliferation and differentiation. For a discussion, reference is made to S.R. Davis, "The therapeutic use of androgens m women," J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 69: 177-184 (1999) and K A. Hansen and S.P.T. Tho, "Androgens and Bone Health," Seminars in Reproductive Endocnnology," 16: 129-134 (1998). Thus, androgen receptor modulators may have utility in the treatment and prevention of bone loss in women Activators of the peroxisome prohferator-activated receptor- γ (PPARγ), such as the thiazo dmediones (TZD's), inhibit osteoclast-hke cell formation and bone resoφtion in vitro Results reported by R Okazaki et al. in Endocπnology, 140 5060-5065 (1999) point to a local mechanism on bone maπow cells as well as a systemic one on glucose metabolism Nonhmiting examples of PPARγ activators include trog tazone, pioghtazone, rosig tazone, and BRL 49653 The present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis For example, the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents such as an organic bisphosphonate, an estrogen receptor modulator, an androgen receptor modulator, a growth hormone secretagogue, a cathepsm K inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a PPARγ activator, or an inhibitor of the osteoclast proton ATPase Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth or metastasis in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound descnbed above and one or more agents known to be cytotoxic/antiprohferative. Also, the compounds of the present invention can be administered m combination with radiation therapy for treating cancer and metastatic tumor growth. In addition, the mtegnn αvβ3 antagonist compounds of the present invention may be effectively administered in combination with a growth hormone secretagogue in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of disorders m calcium or phosphate metabolism and associated diseases. These diseases include conditions which can benefit from a reduction in bone resoφtion. A reduction in bone resoφtion should improve the balance between resoφtion and formation, reduce bone loss or result in bone augmentation. A reduction in bone resoφtion can alleviate the pain associated with osteolytic lesions and reduce the incidence and/or growth of those lesions. These diseases include, osteoporosis (including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid-induced and senile), osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, myositis ossificans, Bechterew's disease, malignant hypercalcemia, metastatic bone disease, penodontal disease, cholelithiasis, nephrohthiasis, uro thiasis, uπnary calculus, hardening of the artenes (sclerosis), arthπtis, bursitis, neuπtis and tetany. Increased bone resoφtion can be accompanied by pathologically high calcium and phosphate concentrations in the plasma, which would be alleviated by this treatment Similarly, the present invention would be useful in increasing bone mass in patients with growth hormone deficiency Thus, prefeπed combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an αvβ3 receptor antagonist of the present invention and a growth hormone secretagogue, optionally including a third component comprising an organic bisphosphonate, preferably alendronate monosodium trihydrate. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concuπently in divided or single combination forms. The instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment, and the term "administering" is to be inteφreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents useful for treating integrin-mediated conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating osteoporosis. As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts. The compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, symps and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g., ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed as an αvβ3 antagonist. The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or aπest the progress of the condition. Oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0J to 5.0 mg/kg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated A medicament typically contains from about 0 01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient Intravenously, the most prefeπed doses will range from about 0 1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute duπng a constant rate infusion Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily Furthermore, prefeπed compounds for the present invention can be administered intranasal form via topical use of suitable mtranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen In the methods of the present invention, the compounds herein descnbed in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners (collectively refeπed to herein as 'earner' mateπals) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, sy ps and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active dmg component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert earner such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, manmtol, sorbitol and the like, for oral administration m liquid form, the oral d g components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert earner such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubπcants, disintegrating agents and coloπng agents can also be incoφorated into the mixture Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, co sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alg ate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like Lubπcants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chlonde and the like Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentomte, xanthan gum and the like The compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of posome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large umlamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a vanety of phosphohpids, such as cholesterol, stearylamme or phosphatidylcho nes. Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual earners to which the compound molecules are coupled The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable dmg earners. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyπohdone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-ethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycohc acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycohc acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butync acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosshnked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels. In the Schemes and Examples below, vaπous reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings: AcOH: Acetic acid BH3-DMS: Borane»dιmethylsulfιde BOC(Boc): t-Butyloxycarbonyl BOP: Benzotπazol-l-yloxytns(dιmethylammo) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate CBZ(Cbz): Carbobenzyloxy or benzyloxycarbonyl CDI: Carbonyldiimidazole CH 2 C1 2 : Methylene chloπde CH3CN: Acetonitrile CHCI3: Chloroform DEAD: Diethyl azodicarboxylate DIAD: Dnsopropyl azodicarboxylate DD3AH or DIBAL-H: Dnsobutylalummum hydπde DIPEA: Dπsopropylethylamme DMAP: 4-Dιmethylammopyndιne DME: 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane DMF: N,N-Dimethylformamide DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide DPFN: 3,5-Dimethyl-l-pyrazolylformamidine nitrate EDC: 1 -(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide » HC1 EtOAc: Ethyl acetate EtOH: Ethanol HO Ac: Acetic acid HOAT: l-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole HOBT: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography IBCF: Isobutylchloroformate LDA: Lithium diisopropylamide MeOH: Methanol MNNG: 1 , 1 -methyl-3-nitro- 1 -nitrosoguanidine NEt3: Triethylarnine NMM: N-methylmoφholine PCA-HCl: Pyrazole carboxamidine hydrochloride Pd/C: Palladium on activated carbon catalyst Ph: Phenyl pTSA p-Toluenesulfonic acid TEA: Triethylarnine TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid THF: Tetrahydrofuran TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography TMEDA: N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine TMS: Trimethylsilyl The novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedures of the following reaction Schemes and Examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents, and, where appropriate, conventional synthetic procedures. In these procedures, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in the organic synthetic arts, but are not mentioned in greater detail. For example, replacing 5-formyl-2-methyl-pyrimidine (l-6a) in Scheme 1 with the appropriately substituted aryl-CHO affords the coπesponding compound wherein the aryl group R is other than 2-methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl Resolution of the racemic mixture of (R) and (S) keto diesters JNS can be accomplished by HPLC chromatography on a chiral solid support, such as Chiralcel AD or Chiralcel OD columns In this fashion are isolated the individual (R)- and (S)-enantιomers, such as l-8a and l-8b, substantially free of the other enantiomer The final resolved 3(R) and 3(S) products, such as 1-1 la and L l ib, are deπved from the keto diester precursors in a three-step sequence of hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis The C-5 and C-7 alcohol denvatives of the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reduction of the coπesponding 5- and 7-keto intermediates, respectively, whose preparation is descπbed in the Schemes and Examples below The reduction can be effected with a metal hydπde, such as sodium or lithium borohydπde, in a suitable solvent, such as methylene chloπde, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, or methanol Reduction of the keto group to generate the alcohol denvatives may also earned out an enantio- or diastereo-selective fashion using chiral reducing agents, such as (R)- or (S)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborohdme, in a suitable solvent, such as toluene, hexane, diethyl ether, methylene chloπde, or tetrahydrofuran. The following Examples are illustrative of the more prefeπed compounds of the present invention They are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention. The Examples further illustrate details for preparation of the compounds of the present invention Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known vaπations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds Unless stated otherwise, all operations were earned out at room or ambient temperature, and all temperatures are degrees Celsius SCHEME 1 1-1 1-2 proline, EtOH, Δ 1-4 1-5 K 2 C0 3 , DMF SCHEME 1 (Cont.) diethyl malonate cat. NaOEt EXAMPLE 1 3(S or R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-π,81naphthvndιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid (1-1 la) Step A: 6-Oxo-heptanoιc acid methyl ester (1-2) To a rapidly stiπed mixture of diethyl ether (175 ml) and 40% KOH (52 ml) at 0°C was added MNNG (15.4 g, 105 mmol). The mixture was stiπed for 10 minutes. The ethereal layer was transfeπed to a solution of 6-oxo-heptanoιc acid 1J (5.0 g, 34.68 mmol) and CH2CI2 at 0°C. The solution was purged with argon for 30 minutes and then concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 30% to 50% EtOAc/hexanes) gave ester 2 as a clear oil. TLC Rf = 0.88 (silica, EtOAc). *H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 3.67 (s, 3H), 2.46 (m,2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.62 (m, 4H). Step B: 5-[l,81-Naphthyπdιn-2-yl-pentanoιc acid methyl ester (1-4) A mixture of L2 (1.4 g, 9.04 mmol), L3_, 2-amιno-3-formylpyπdιne (552 mg, 4.52 mmol) (for preparation, see: J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 3401), and proline (260 mg, 2.26 mmol) in absolute ethanol (23 mL) was heated at reflux for 18 h. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 80% ethyl acetate/hexane, then ethyl acetate) to give ester A as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.38 (si ca, EtOAc). *H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.08 (m, IH), 8.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.10 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 7.45 (m, IH), 7.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (m,2H), 1.78 (m, 2H). Step C: 5-(5,6.7,8-Tetrahydro-[1.8]naphthvndιn-2-yl)-pentanoιc acid methyl ester (1-5) A mixture of L4 (630 mg, 2.58 mmol) and 10% Pd/carbon (95 mg) EtOH (25 mL) was stiπed under a balloon of hydrogen for 72 h. Following filtration and evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give L5 as a colorless oil. TLC Rf = 0.58 (silica, ethyl acetate). *H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.05 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 6.34 (d, 1=1.3 Hz, IH), 4.72 (s, IH), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 4H). Step D: 2-Oxo-6-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroJl,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)-hexyl- phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (1-6) A solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate (13.20 g, 106.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (165 mL) was cooled to -78° and treated dropwise with 2.5 M n-BuLi (42.3 mL). After stirring at -78° for 45 min, a solution of ester 1^5 (6.6 g, 26.6 mmol) in THF (35 mL) was added dropwise and the resulting solution stiπed for 30 min at -78°, quenched with sat. NH4CI (100 mL), then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 150 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to afford a yellow oil. Chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) afforded 1-6 as a yellow oil. Rf (silica, 5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) = 0.20. !H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.05 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 6.34 (d, J=7.32 Hz, IH), 4.80 (br, s, IH), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.08 (d, J=22.7 Hz), 2.7-2.5 (m, 6 H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 4H). Step E: l-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-ri,81naphthyridin-2- yl)-hept-l-en-3-one (1-7) To a solution of L6 (5.5 g, 16.2 mmol), 5-formyl-2-methylpyrimidine (____, 1.8 g, 14.7 mmol; for preparation, see J. Heterocyclic Chem., 28, 1281 (1991)) in 40 mL DMF was added K2CO3 (4.07 g, 32 mmol). The mixture was stiπed at ambient temperature for 15 hr, and concentrated to a paste. The residue was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over magnesium sulfate. Following concentration, the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (70 chloroform / 25 ethyl acetate / 5 methanol) to give L7 as a white solid. Rf = 0.20 (silica, 70 chloroform / 20 ethyl acetate / 10 methanol). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8. 80(s, 2H), 744 (d, IH, J=16Hz), 7.05 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.81 (d, IH, J=16Hz), 6.35 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.72 (br s, IH), 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.64 (m, 4H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 4H). Step F: 2-. KS or R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-3-oxo-7-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-heptyll-malonic acid diethyl ester (l-8a) To a solution of IN (1.0 g, 2.97 mmol) and diethyl malonate (0.717 ml, 4.5 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and THF (20 mL) was added sodium ethoxide (0J mL of a 30% w/w solution in ethanol). After 4 hr, the mixture (1-8) was concentrated, and the residue purified on a 5 x 50 cm Chiralcel AD column (flow = 80 mL/min, A:B = 30:70) (A = 0.1% diethylamine/hexane, B =2-propanol). Product l-8a eluted at 15 minutes; its enantiomer, l-8b, eluted at 26 minutes. !H ΝMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8. 53 (s, 2H), 7.02 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.28 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.07 (br s, IH), 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 4H), 1.26 (m, 4H), 1.19 (t, 3H, J= 3Hz). Step G: 3(S or R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (1-lOa) To a solution of l-8a (0.530 g, 1.07 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added ΝaOH (1J2 mL of IN solution in water, 1J2 mmol). After stirring at 40°C for 30 minutes, the mixture was treated with HC1 (1J2 mL of IN solution in water, 1J2 mmol) and concentrated. The residue was suspended in toluene (20 mL) and heated at reflux. After 1 h, evaporation of the solvents gave 1-lOa as a yellow oil. Rf = 0.32 (silica, 70 chloroform / 20 ethyl acetate / 10 methanol). X H ΝMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8. 54 (s, 2H), 7.04 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.31 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.86 (br s, IH), 4.04 (q, 2H, J=3 Hz), 3.63 (m, IH), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.48 (m, 9H), 2.37 (m, 4H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 4H), 1J9 (t, 3H, J= 3Hz). Step H: 3(S or R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6.7.8-tetrahvdro- |J,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (1-1 la) To a solution of lJOa (0J5 g, 0.353 mmol) in ethanol (1 mL) was added ΝaOH (0.39 mL of IN solution in water, 0.39 mmol). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (20: 10:1:1 to 10:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/ethanol/ΝH4θH/water) to give 1-lla as a white solid. Rf = 0.21 (silica, 10:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/ethanol/NH4OH/water). l R NMR (400 MHz, CH3OD) δ 8. 62 (s, 2H), 7.43 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.68 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 3H), 2.59 (m, 10H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 3H). EXAMPLE 2 3(R or S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-n,81naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid (1-1 lb) Enantiomer 1-1 lb was obtained from l-8b utilizing the same methods described for the preparation of 1-l la above. Its 400 MHz NMR spectrum in CD3OD was identical to that of its enantiomer 1-l la. High resolution mass spectmm: calculated: 397.2234; found: 397.2232. SCHEME 2 2-4 2-5 2-6 -7 2-8 -9 nBuϋ 2-10 EXAMPLE 3 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-π,81naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (2-13) Step A: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-propenal (2-2) To a solution of 4-formyl-2-methylpyrimidine [2-1, 2 g, 16.4 mmol; for preparation, see Smith, S. Q. et al, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 28: 1281 (1991)] in methylene chloride (15 mL) was added (formylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane (5.98g, 19.6 mmol). The solution was heated at reflux for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, and solvents evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (30% EtOAc/chloroform to 50 EtO Ac/50 chloroform/5 methanol) to give the aldehyde 2X2 as a yellow solid. TLC Rf=0.39 (70 chloroform / 25 EtOAc / 5 MeOH). ^ NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.74 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 8.83 (s, 2H), 7.41 (d, IH, J= 17 Hz), 6.81 (dd, IH, J= 6 Hz, 15 Hz), 2.77 (s, 3H). Step B: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-prop-2-en-l-ol (2-3) To a suspension of 2X2 (0.5 g, 3.7 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and THF (15 mL) at -78°C was added sodium borohydride (0.042 g, 1.11 mmol) in one portion. After 5 minutes, the cooling bath was removed, and the mixture allowed to warm and stir for 10 minutes. Concentrated HC1 (0.3 mL) was added dropwise, and the volume of the mixture reduced to 2 mL by evaporation. Following the addition of sat. NaHCO3 (10 mL), the mixture was extracted with chloroform, the organics dried over MgSO4, and the solvents evaporated to give alcohol 2X3 as a white solid. TLC Rf=0.16 (70 chloroform / 25 EtOAc / 5 MeOH). *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.64 (s, 2H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 4.38 (d, 2H, J= 4 Hz), 2.73 (s, 3H). Step C: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (2-4) A solution of 2X3 (0.49 g, 3.6 mmol), propionic acid (10 μL) and trimethylorthoformate (5 mL) was heated to reflux for 18 hours. Evaporative removal of the solvent and one evaporation from toluene gave 2-4 as a brown oil. TLC Rf = 0.725 (silica, 70/25/5 CHCl3/ΕtOAc/MeOH) *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.50 (s, 2H), 5.98 (m, IH), 5.16 (m, 2H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.86 (q, J=7 Hz, IH), 2.7 (m, 5H), 1.29 (m, 3H). Step D: 5-Hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2- 5} To a stiπed solution of 24 (422 mg, 1.92 mmol) in THF was added 5.75 mL of 9-BBN (0.5 M THF). After 18 hours, a sluπy of NaBO3 (2.35 g) and NaHCO3 (2.42 g) in H2O (lOmL) was added and the mixture stirred vigorously for 1 hour. The mixture was extracted with CHCI3, washed with brine, and dried over MgSO4. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 3% EtOH/EtOAc) to give 2__ϊ as a clear oil. TLC Rf = 0.42 (silica, 10% EtOH/EtOAc). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.52 (s, 2H), 4.07 (m, 2H), 3.62 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.35 (m, IH), 2.65 (m, 5H), 2.01(m, IH), 1.88 (m, IH), 1.17 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). Step E: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2-6) To a solution of oxalyl chloride (73 μL, 0.84 mmol) in CH2CI2 at -78°C was added DMSO (80 μL, 1.0 mmol) dropwise. After gas evolution ceased, 2^ 5 (100 mg, 0.42 mmol) in CH2CI2 was added. After 30 minutes, the cooling bath was removed and NEt3 (290 μL, 2J mmol) was added. After 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 and washed sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give 2^6 as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.24 (silica, 70/20/10 CHCl3/ΕtOAc/MeOH). *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.71 (s, IH), 8.55 (s, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.71 (m, IH), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.88 to 2.50 (m, 5H), 1.18 (t, 1=1 Hz, 3H). Step F: 3-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester (2-8) A solution of 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridine-2-carbaldehyde (2-7, 2 g, 12.34 mmol) and (carbethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane (4.3 g, 12.34 mmol) in toluene (60 mL) was heated to reflux for 4 hours and stirred at ambient temperature for 12 hours. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 2J3 as a yellow solid. TLC Rf = 0.75 (silica, 70% EtOAc/hexanes). H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.46 (d, J=15 Hz, IH), 7J4 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 6.75 (d, J=15 Hz, IH), 6.62 (d, j=8 Hz, IH), 4.97 (s, IH), 4.24 (q, 1=1 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, 1=1 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 3H). Step G: 3-(5.6,7,8-Tetrahvdro-[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (2-9) A mixture of 2J3 (1.4 g, 6.03 mmol) and 10% Pd/carbon (1 g) in EtOH (30 mL) was stiπed under a balloon of hydrogen for 18 h. Filtration and evaporative removal of the solvent gave 2N as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.39 (silica, 70% EtOAc/hexanes) iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.07 (d, J=7 Hz, IH), 6.37 (d, 1=1 Hz, IH), 4.12 (m, 2H), 340 (m, 2H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 4H), 1.91 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (m, 3H). Step H: r2-Oxo-4-(5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro-ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-butyll- phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (2-10) To a stirred solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate (1.9 mL, 17.08 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at -78°C was added nBuLi (10.94 mL, 17.5 mmol). After 30 minutes, 2^9 (1 g , 4.27 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. After 1 hour, the reaction was quenched with saturated NH4CI (10 mL) and warmed to ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with sat. NaHCO3, brine, and dried over MgSO4. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 70/25/5 CHCl3/ΕtOAc/MeOH) to give 2-10 as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.33 (silica, 70/20/10 CHCl3/EtOAc/MeOH). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.03 (d, j=7 Hz, IH), 6.34 (d, J=7 Hz, IH), 4.93 (s, IH), 3.77 (d, j=12, 6H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.15 (d, J=23, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, j=6 Hz, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H). Step I: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- ri,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-non-5-enoic acid ethyl ester (2-11) To a mixture of 2J0 (100 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 2Λ (160 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (3mL) was added K2CO3 (87 mg, 0.63 mmol) followed by heating to 50°C for 18 hours. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 70:25:5 CHCl3/ΕtOAc/MeOH) to give 2-11 as a clear oil. TLC Rf = 0.38 (70:20:10 CHCl3/T£tOAc/MeOH). *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.49 (s, IH), 7.03 (d, 1=1 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (m, IH), 6.34 (d, 1=1 Hz, IH), 6.07 (d, J=15 Hz, IH), 4.85 (m, IH), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, IH), 341 (m, 3H), 2.90-2.54 (m, 13H), 1.88 (m, 4H), 1.18 (m, 3H). Step J: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (2-12) A mixture of 2-11 (95 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 10% Pd/carbon (50 mg) in EtOH (3 mL) was stiπed under a balloon of hydrogen for 2 h. Following filtration, evaporative removal of the solvent gave 2-12 as a clear oil. TLC Rf = 0.40 (70:20:10 CHCl3/ΕtOAc /MeOH). H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.47 (s, 2H),7.04 (d, 1=1 Hz, IH), 6.33 (d, 1=1 Hz, IH), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.78 (m, IH), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 1 H) 2.74 (m, 10 H), 2.54 (m, IH), 2.40 (t, 1=1 Hz, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.15 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H). Step K: 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)N-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (2-13) To a solution of 2J2 (77 mg, 0.18 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was added IN NaOH (272 μl, 0.27 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, the solvents were evaporated and the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 25:10:1:1 to 15:10:1:1 EtOAc /EtOH /H2O ΛNH4OH) to give 2-13 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.29 (12:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/H2θ/NH4θH). l H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2 H) 7.32 (d, 1=1 Hz, IH), 6.46 (d, J=7Hz, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, IH), 2.84 (m, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.64 (m, 4H), 1.83 (m, 2H) 1.75 (m, IH), 1.61(m, IH), 1.46 (m, 2H). SCHEME 3 1. ethyl 4-pentenoate 9-BBN, THF, rt 2. DPPF, Pd(OAc) 2 , K 2 CO 3 , 75° 3-5a 3-5b EXAMPLES 4 AND 5 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdron.81- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (3-5a and 3-5b) Step A: 24-Dichloro-3-methylnaphthyridine (3-2) To a solution of methyl 2-aminonicotinate JJ (13.0 g. 86 mmol) and methyl propionate (200 mL) in 200 mL anhydrous THF was added sodium tert- butoxide (20.5 g, 214 mmol) gradually at room temperature. It was stiπed at room temperature for 40 minutes and followed by refluxmg at 100°C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled and concentrated. The residue was treated with 200 mL H2O and neutralized to pH =7-8 with 3N HC1. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dned under vacuum. It was then treated with phosphorus oxychlonde (60 mL), refluxed at 120°C for 3 hours and concentrated. The residue was diluted with 200 mL ιce-H2θ and treated with Na2CO3 to pH>10. After filtration, the desired product N2 was collected as a yellow solid. l U NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.11 (dd, J=4.2, 1.8 Hz, IH), 8.56 (dd, J=8 4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.59 (dd, J=84, 4.2 Hz, IH), 2.71 (s, 3H). Step B: Ethyl 5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-fl,81-naphthvndιn-2-yl) pentanoate (3-3) To a solution of ethyl 4-pentenoate (2.5 g, 20 mmol) in 60 mL THF was added 9-BBN (0.5 M in THF, 47 mL, 23 mmol) gradually at room temperature. After stirπng for 10 hours, it was treated with Pd(OAc)2 (0.4 g, 2.0 mmol), 1J'- bιs(dιphenylphosphιno)-feπocene (DPPF) (1J g, 2.0 mmol), K2CO3 (powder, 8J g, 58 mmol), 2,4-dιchloro-3-methyl-naphfhyndme (3-2) (3.6 g, 20 mmol) and 50 mL DMF. The reaction mixture was purged with argon for 5 minutes and then refluxed at 75°C for 24 hours. It was cooled to room temperature and treated with 10 mL ethanolamme and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was diluted with 400 mL H2O and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with bπne and dned. After solvent removal, the residue was puπfied by silica gel chromatography using EtOAc/hexanes (1:1) to give the desired product X3 as a liquid. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.05 (dd, J=44, 2.0 Hz, IH), 8.54 (dd, j=8.0, 2.0 Hz, IH), 7.51 (dd, J=8.0, 4.4 Hz, IH), 4J3 (q, j=7.2, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3 H). 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m, 3H), 1.82 (m, 3 H). 1.25 (t, j=7.2, 3H). Step C: Ethyl 5-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,81-naphthyndιn-2-yl) pentanoate (3-4) A solution of the naphthyndine 3^3 (1.2 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was degassed with argon, then 10% Pd on carbon (300 mg; wet; 50% water) was added and the mixture placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen gas using a balloon. After 16 hours, the mixture was charged with more catalyst (300 mg) and stiπed for a further 6 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and the solvent removed to yield a gum This was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCO3 then bπne, dned (MgSO4) and evaporated to give 3-4. Low resolution mass spectrum [M+H] found 277.2. Step D: 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro [1,81 naphthyndm-2-yl) nonanoic acid (3-5a and 3-5b) Following procedures descπbed in Scheme 1 for the conversion of L-5 into 1-l la and 1-1 lb, 3-5a and 3-5b were prepared from 34 as both the resolved (R)- and (S)-enantιomers, each one a solid. Resolution of the enantiomers was earned out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. !H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.65 (s, 2H), 7.34 (s, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.53-3.21 (m, 4H), 2.90-2.63 (m, 8H), 2.59 (s, 3 H). 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 4 H). Scheme 4 4-1 4-2 EXAMPLE 6 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpynmidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cvclopropyl-5.6,7,8- tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyndrn-2-vD-nonanoιc acid (4-8a and 4-8b) Step A: N-(3-Formyl-pyndιn-2-yl)-2,2-dιmethyl-propιonamιde (4-2) To a cooled (0°C) solution of 2-ammo-3-formylpyndme 1-3 (preparation shown in Scheme 1, 50g, 409 mmol) in 700 mL of anhydrous CH 2 C1 2 were added Et 3 N (80 mL, 532 mmol) in one portion and a solution of tnmethylacetyl (pivaloyl) chloπde (65 mL, 491 mmol) m 50 mL CH C1 2 gradually over 40 mm. The reaction mixture was stiπed 30 min and concentrated to a syrup, then 200 mL water was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with water, bπne and dned over MgSO and concentrated to obtain the desired product 4-2 as a solid. H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 10.85 (s, IH), 8.70 (s, IH), 8.0 (s, IH), 7.20 (q, IH), 1.30 (s, 9H). Step B: 3 -Cyclopropyl- [1,81 naρhthvπdm-2-ol (4-4) To a cooled solution (-78°C) of LDA (2.0 M, 251 mmol) in 600 mL THF was added ester 3 (prepared from cyclopropylacetic acid and methanolic HCl solution, 15 g, 131 mmol) gradually over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stiπed for 30 min at -78°C. Aldehyde 4^2 (22.5 g, 109 mmol) in 40 mL THF was added. The reaction mixture was stiπed at -78°C for 1 hr, then was warmed up to room temperature over 1 hr and quenched with 200 mL NFύCl (sat.). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with water, bnne and dned over MgSO 4 and concentrated to give a viscous residue which was subsequently dissolved in 200 mL 3N HCl. The mixture was refluxed at 105°C for 24 hr. After concentration, the residue was poured into 500 mL ice-water and quenched with K 2 CO 3 gradually (pH=9) to yield a solid as the desired product 4-4, which was filtered and dned in vacuum. *H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 8.45 (q, IH), 7.99 (q, IH), 7 47 (s, IH), 7.23 (q, IH), 2 14 (m, IH), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.78 (m, 2H) Step C: 2-Chloro-3-cyclopropyl-[l,81naphthyridine (4-5). A mixture of naphthyridine 44 (14 g, 77 mmol) and 100 mL POCl 3 and 0J mL DMF was refluxed at 120°C for 3 hr and concentrated. The residue was treated with 300 mL ice-water and solid K CO 3 until pH=9. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3), washed with brine and dried over MgSO . After solvent removal, the desired compound ^5 was obtained as a yellowish solid. *H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 9.00 (q, IH), 8.10 (q, IH), 7.78 (s, IH), 7.50 (q, IH), 2.34 (m, IH), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.82 (m, 2H). Step D: 5-(3-Cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-pentanoic acid methyl ester (4-7). A mixture of naphthyridine 4^5 (15.8 g, 77.2 mmol), ester 4-6 (prepared from 4-pentynoic acid and methanolic HCl solution, 11.3 g, 100.4 mmol), Cul (0.7 g, 3.9 mmol), 100 mL Et 3 N and 100 mL DMF was gently degassed with argon for 10 min. Then Pd(PPh 3 ) Cl 2 was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was heated at 53°C for 20 hr, cooled to room temperature and quenched with 500 mL water and 100 mL NaHCO 3 (sat.). The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO 4 . After solvent removal, the residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane=l/4 to 100% EtOAc over 30 min) to obtain an oil, which was subsequently dissolved in 150 mL THF and 50 mL EtOH. Et 3 N (15 mL, 104 mmol) and PtO (0.7 g) were added. The mixture was degassed under moderate vacuum and subjected to balloon hydrogenation condition for 6 hrs. It was then filtered and concentrated to provide the desired product 4N as an oil. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 6.80 (s, IH), 4.75 (s, IH), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.76(t, 2H), 2.64 (t, 2H), 2.36 (t, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 5H), 0.86 (m, 2H), 0.50 (m, 2H). Step E: 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cvcloρropyl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (4-8a and 4-8b) Following procedures described in Scheme 1 for the conversion of L5 into 1-l la and 1-1 lb, 4-8a and 4-8b were prepared from 4 7, each as a solid. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. *H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ δ 8.65 (s, 2H), 7.22 (s, IH), 3.74 (m, IH), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3J0 (m, IH), 2.90-240 (m, 14 H). 1.95-1.60 (m, 5H), 0.94 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2 H). Scheme 5 EXAMPLE 7 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cvclopropyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (5-2a and 5-2b) Following procedures described in Schemes 1 and 4 but using 5- formyl-2-methoxypyrimidine 5J (for preparation, see U.S Patent No. 5,552,546 and J. Heterocyclic Chem., 28, 1281, 1991) as the starting material, 5-2a and 5 -2b were prepared and obtained as solids. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.50 (s, 2H), 7.21 (s, IH), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.7 l(m, IH), 3.41 (t, 2H), 3.04(m, IH), 2.83-246 (m, 10 H). 1.95-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.94 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2 H). Scheme 6 6-2b EXAMPLES 8 AND 9 3(R) and 3(S)-(2Jsopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (6-2a and 6-2b) Enantiomers 6-2a and 6-2b were obtained from 2-isopropyl-5- formylpyrimidine (6-1) (for preparation, see J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1991, 28,1281) utilizing the same methods described in Scheme 1 for the preparation of 1-lla and 1-l lb. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. iH NMR (400 MHz, CH3OD): δ 8.65 (s, 2H), 7.40 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 647(dJH, J=7Hz), 3.70 (m, IH), 3.43 (t, 2H), 3J4 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m,4H), 2.59 (m, 8H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 3H), 1.30 (d, 6H). Low resolution mass spectrum: calculated 424.6; found M + 1: 425.3. Scheme 7 7-2a 7-2b EXAMPLES 10 AND 11 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (7-2a and 7-2b) Enantiomers 7-2a and 7-2b were obtained from 2-tert-butyl-5- foπriylpyrimidine (for preparation, see J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1991, 28,1281) utilizing the same methods described in Scheme 1 for the preparation of 1-l la and 1-l lb. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. iH NMR (400 MHz, CH3OD) δ 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.40 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 647(dJH, J=7Hz), 3.70 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3J4 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.59 (m, 8H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 3H), 1.36 (s, 9H). Low resolution mass spectrum: calculated: 438.6; found M+l: 439.3. 8-2a 8-2b EXAMPLES 12 AND 13 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (8-2a and 8-2b) Enantiomers 8-2a and 8 -2b were obtained from 5-formyl-2- ethoxypyrimidine (for preparation, see U.S. Patent No. 5,552,546 and /. Heterocyclic Chem., 1991, 28,1281) utilizing the same methods described in Scheme 1 for the preparation of 1-l la and 1-llb. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. iH NMR (400 MHz, CH3OD): δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 7.40 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.47(dJH, J=7Hz), 4.37 (q, 2H), 3.67 (m, IH), 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 3H), 2.50 (m, 7H) 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 4H), 1.37 (t, 3H). Low resolution mass spectrum: calculated: 426.5; found M+l: 427.0. Scheme 9 9-2b /, 9-3a 9-3b EXAMPLES 13 AND 14 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5.6.7,8-tetrahvdro- ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (9-3a and 9-3b) The 2-methoxy-pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (9-1) (Gupton, J.T.; Gall, J.E.; Riesinger, S.W.; Smith, S.Q.; Bevirt, K.M.; Sikorski, J.A.; Dahl, M.L.; Arnold, Z., J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1991, 28, 1281) was converted into keto-diesters 9-2 as per Scheme 1. Separation of the enantiomers of racemic keto-diesters 9^2 was accomplished by HPLC (Chiralcel AD; 50x500 mm column; 70/20 isopropanol/hexanes/0.1% diethylamine over 60 minutes at a flow rate of 80.0 mL/min) to give two enantiomers (RT = 20-29 min and 32-40 min). Monohydrolysis, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis of diesters 9-2a and 9-2b as per Scheme 1 provided acids 9-3a and 9-3b. TLC Rf = 0J (15: 15:0.5 EtOAc/EtOH/aq. NH4OH). iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.50 (s, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 6.47 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.67 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 3H), 2.50 (m, 6H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 4H) ppm. Scheme 10 10-1 10-2 /, EXAMPLE 15 3(R) and 3(S)-(Ouinoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (10-3a and 10-3b) Step A: 2-Ouinoxalinecarboxaldehyde (10-2) A solution of ethyl 2-qumoxahnecarboxylate (10-1) (2.34 g, 11.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (22 mL) was cooled to -78°C This solution was treated with a 1 0 molar THF solution of lithium aluminum hydπde (5.80 mL, 5.80 mmol) added over a peπod of 6 mm After 30 mm, the reaction was quenched with glacial acetic acid (1.30 mL, 22 71 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and diluted with water (14 mL). The water was extracted five times with ethyl acetate and the combined organics washed with bπne and dned (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo. Preparative centπfugal TLC (SιO 2 , 5mm, CH 2 C1 2 ) afforded solid 10^ (874 mg). H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 10.30 (s, IH), 9.44 (s, IH), 8.28-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.98- 7.89 (m, 2H). FABLRMS m/e 159 (M++H, C 15 H 13 NO 6 = 159) Step B: 3(R) and 3(S)-(Ouιnoxalm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7.8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid ethyl esters (10-3a and 10-3b) Compound 10-3a and 10-3b were obtained from 2- qu oxahnecarboxaldehyde (10-2) utilizing the same methods descnbed in Scheme 1 for the preparation of 1-lOa and 1-lOb, except that resolution of the enantiomers was earned out by chiral chromatography at this stage. Using a Chiralpak AS column and elutmg with (hexanes w/0.4% diethylamme/MeOH/EtOH 70: 15: 15) at 7.0 mL/mm the enantiomers 10-3a (faster elutmg isomer) and 10-3b were separated. ! H NMR (CDCI 3 , 400 MHz) δ 8.87 (s, IH), 8.08-8.05 (m, IH), 7.97-7.94 (m, IH), 1,12-1.61 (m, 2H), 7.02 (d, IH, J= 7.3 Hz), 6.26 (d, IH, J= 7.3 Hz), 4.84 (s, IH), 4J04.00 (m, 3H), 340-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.24 (dd, IH, J=17.8, 8.6 Hz), 2.93-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.74 (dd, IH, J=16.2, 6.3 Hz), 2.67 (t, 2H, J= 6.3 Hz), 2.47 (t, 2H, J= 7.2 Hz), 241-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz). Step C: 3(R) and 3(S)-(Ouιnoxalιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,81naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid (10-4a and 10-4b) IH NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 10.93 (br s, IH), 8.08-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, IH, J=7.1 Hz), 6.24 (d, IH, j=7.2 Hz), 4.314.24 (m, IH), 3.44 (t, 2H, j=5 6 Hz), 3.31 (dd, IH, j=16.0 Hz, 8.2 Hz), 3.01 (dd, IH, J=16J, 3.2 Hz), 2.92-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.65 (m, 5H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.61-1.52 (m, 1H0, 1.25 (s, IH) FABLRMS m/e 433 (M++H, C25H28N4O3 = 433). Scheme 11 11-7 NaH 11-8 EXAMPLE 16 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-5H-ρyrido[2,3- blazepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (11-1 la and 11-1 lb) Step A: 5-(5-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (11-2) To a stiπed solution of ethyl- 1-pentenoic acid (10 g, 78 mmol) in degassed THF (80 mL) at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of 9-BBN (187 mL of 0.5 M in THF, 94 mmol) and the mixture stiπed for 18 hours at ambient temperature to produce 11-1. K 2 CO 3 (18.4 g, 133 mmol) and 2,5-dibromopyridine (18.5 g, 78 mmol) were added, followed by a premixed and aged (70°C for 30 min) suspension of Pd(OAc) 2 (2.0 g, 8.9 mmol) and DPPF (5.4 g, 9.8 mmol) in degassed DMF (80 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hours at 70°C, cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated. To the stirring residue dissolved in THF (400 mL) was added water (150 mL) and NaHCO 3 (33 g) and after 10 minutes, NaBO 3 «H 2 O (48 g). After vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated to an oil. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (10-20% EtOAc/hexane) to give 11-2 as a colorless oil. TLC Rf = 0.75 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexane). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.57 (s, IH), 7.70 (m, IH), 7.05 (d, IH, J= 8 Hz), 4J5 (q, 2H, j=6 Hz), 2.77 (t, 2H, J=7 Hz), 2.34 (t, 2H, J= 7Hz), 1.7 (m, 4H), 1.26 (t, 3H, J=6 Hz). Step B: 2-But-3-enyl-isoindole-l,3-dione (11-5) To a stiπed solution of 4-bromo-l-butene (11-3, 20 g, 148 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was added potassium phthalimide (11-4, 25 g, 133 mmol) and the mixture stiπed for 18 hours at 70°C. After cooling to RT, the mixture was diluted with ether, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated to give 11-5 as a white solid. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.85 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 5.82 (m, IH), 5.08 (m, 2H), 3.77 (t, 2H, J=7 Hz), 2.44 (m, 2H). Step C: 5-{ 5-[4-(l,3-Dioxo-l,3-dihvdroJsoindol-2-yl)-butyll-pyridin-2-yl|- pentanoic acid ethyl ester (11-6) To a stiπed solution of 1L5 (4.23 g, 21 mmol) in degassed THF (20 mL) at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of 9-BBN (50.4 mL of 0.5 M in THF, 25.2 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature. K 2 CO 3 (5.0 g, 35.8 mmol) and 11-2 (5.0 g, 17.4 mmol) were added, followed by a premixed and aged (70°C for 30 min) suspension of Pd(OAc) 2 (0.54 g, 2.4 mmol) and DPPF (1.45 g, 2.6 mmol) in degassed DMF (20 mL). The resulting mixture was stiπed for 18 hours at 70°C, cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated. To the stirring residue dissolved in THF (200 mL) was added water (75 mL) and NaHCO 3 (16.5 g) and after 10 minutes, NaBO 3 «H 2 O (24 g). After vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated to an oil. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (20-40% EtOAc/hexane) to give 11-6 as a yellow solid. TLC Rf = 0.31 (silica, 50% EtOAc/hexane). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3). δ 8.37 (s, IH), 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.40 (m, IH), 7.05 (m, IH), 4 12 (q, 2H, 1=1 Hz), 3.71 (m, 2H), 2 78 (t, 2H, J= 7 Hz), 2.61 (t, 2H, J=7 Hz), 2.33 (t, 2H,J=7 Hz), 1.64 (m, 8H), 1.23 (t, 3H, J=6 Hz). Step D 5-[5-(4-Amιno-butyl)-pyndιn-2-yll-pentanoιc acid methylamide (11-7) A mixture of 11-6 (45 g, 110 mmol) and a saturated solution of methylamine in methanol (300 mL) in a sealed tube was heated at 70°C for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled and concentrated to an oil. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (10:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4OH/H 2 O) to give 1 7 as a yellow oil TLC Rf = 0.16 (silica, 10: 10:1: 1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4θH/H 2 O). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.32 (s, IH), 7.41 (m, IH), 7.07 (m, IH), 2.74 (m, 7H), 2.59 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 2.21 (t, 2H, J= 6 Hz), 1.69 (m, 6H), 1.48 (m, 2H). Step E: 5-(6,7,8.9-Tetrahvdro-5H-pyndo[2,3-blazepm-2-yl)-pentanoιc acid methylamide (11-8) A mixture of 1 7 (24 g, 91.2 mmol) and NaH (10.9 g of a 60% weight dispersion in mineral oil, 273 mmol) in xylenes (500 mL) was purged with argon for 30 mm, and then heated at reflux for 72 hours. The mixture was cooled, quenched with ethanol, diluted with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dned over MgSO , and concentrated to an oil. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (70:25:5 CHCl 3 EtOAc/MeOH/H 2 O) to give 11-8 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.15 (sihca, 70:25:5 CHCl 3 /EtOAc/MeOH). iH NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 7.24 (d, IH, J= 7Hz), 6.53 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 5.43 (br s, IH), 4.62 (br s, IH), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.79 (d, 3H, J=5Hz), 2.63 (m, 4H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 6Hz). Step F: 5-(6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-blazepιn-2-yl)-pentanoιc acid ethyl ester (11-9) A mixture of 1L8 (3 g, 11.5 mmol) and 6 M HCl (100 mL) in a sealed tube was heated at 70°C for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled and concentrated to an oil. The residue was azeotroped from ethanol (50 mL) twice, then dissolved in 4 M HCl in ethanol (100 mL) and heated at 70°C for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled and concentrated to an oil. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate and brine, dried over MgSO , and concentrated to give 11-9 as a brown oil. TLC Rf = 0.44 (silica, 70:25:5 CHCl 3 /EtOAc/MeOH). l H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 7.22 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.53 (d, IH, 1=1 Hz), 4.63 (br s, IH), 4.11 (q, 2H, J=7Hz), 3J2 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.62 (t, 2H, J=6Hz), 2.33 (t, 2H, J=6Hz), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 6H), 1.27 (t, 3H, J=7Hz). Step G: 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(6,7.8,9-tetrahydro- 5H-pyrido[2,3-blazepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (11-1 la and 11-1 lb) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of L5 into 1-lla and 1-l lb, 11-9 was converted into 11-1 la and 11-1 lb by way of 11-10. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate corresponding to L8 on a Chiralcel AD column (10cm x 50cm) using 70% A / 30% B (A = 2-propanol; B = 0.1% diethylamine in hexanes) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. TLC Rf = 0.21 (silica, 10:10:1:1 EtOAc/ΕtOH/N^OH/^O). !H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.42 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.55 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.64 (m, IH), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.05 (m, IH), 2.87 (m, IH), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m, 9H), 1.84 (m, 4H), 1.57 (m, 4H). Scheme 12 EXAMPLE 17 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-5H- pyrido[2,3-blazepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (12-2a and 12-2b) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of L5 into 1-l la and 1-l lb, 11-9 and 2-methoxy-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (12-1, for preparation, see J. Heterocycl. Chem. (1991), 28, 1281) were converted into 12-2a and 12-2b. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to L8 on a Chiralcel AD column (10cm x 50cm) using 70% A / 30% B (A = 2-propanol; B = 0.1% diethylamine in hexanes) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. TLC Rf = 0.21 (silica, 10:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4θH/H 2 O). l U NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 7.42 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.56 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.62 (m, IH), 3.29 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, IH), 2.85 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 4H), 1.57 (m, 4H). Scheme 13 EXAMPLE 18 3(R) and 3(S)-(2.3-Dihvdro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxoN-(5.6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphfhyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (13-4a and 13-4b) Step A: 3(R) and 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (13-2a and 13-2b) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of L5 into 1-lOa and 1-lOb, benzofuran-6-carbaldehyde (13-1, prepared as described in Askew, B., et. al., PCT Int. Appl. (1999) WO 99/31061) was converted into 13-2a and 13-2b. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to L8 on a Chiralcel OD column. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 7.57 (s, IH), 7.48 (d, IH, J=8 Hz), 7.36 (s, IH), 7J0 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 7.02 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.70 (s, IH), 6.26 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.77 (br s, IH), 4.02 (q, 2H, J=6 Hz), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.82 (d, 2H, 1=1 Hz), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.47 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 4H), 1.13 (t, 2H, 1=6 Hz). Step B: 3(R) and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5.6,7,8- tetrahydro-[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (13-3a and 13-3b) A mixture of 13-2a or 13-2b (0.4 g, 0.89 mmol) and 20% Pd(OH) 2 on charcoal (200 mg) in ethanol (20 mL) was stiπed under a balloon of hydrogen for 18 hours, then filtered and concentrated to give 13-3a or 13-3b as a yellow oil. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 7.08 (m, 2H), 6.67 (m, IH), 6.62 (s, IH), 6.29 (d, IH), J=7Hz), 4.51 (t, 2H, J=9 Hz), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.61 (m, IH), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3J3 (t, 2H, J=7 Hz), 2.66 (m, 4H), 2.56 (m, 4H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H, J=7Hz). Step C: 300 and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8- tetrahydro- l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (134a and 13-4b) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of 1-lOa into 1-l la, 13-3a and 13-3b were converted into 13-4a and 13-4b, respectively. *H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 7.38 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 7.08 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.71 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.63 (s, IH), 6.44 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.48 (t, 2H, J=9Hz), 3.62 (m, IH), .41 (t, 2H, J=5Hz), 3J2 (t, 2H, J=8Hz), 2.91 (m, IH), 2.75 (t, 2H, J=5Hz), 2.62 (m, H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 3H), 1.51 (m, IH). Scheme 14 4-methoxy-benzylamine DIPEA, dioxane, Δ, 91% 14-1 14-2 PMB = 4-methoxybenzyl H 2 , Pt0 2 , PMBHN N ? nBu dimethyl methylphosphonate Et 3 N, 94% 14-6 nBuLi, 89% 14-7 14-8 , 14-10a 14-1 Ob 14-11a 14-12a 14-12b 14-13a 14-13b EXAMPLES 19 and 20 3(R) and 3(S)-9-(6-Methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-nonanoic acid (14-13a and l4-13b) Step A: (6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-amine (14-2) A solution of 2,6-dibromopyridine (14-1) (37.3 g, 157 mmol), 4- methoxybenzylamine (21.6 g, 157 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (22.4 g, 173 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (150 mL) was heated at reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (125 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (100 mL) followed by brine (100 mL) and dried (Na SO ). The organic layer was filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash chromatography (silica, 10% to 40% EtOAc/hexanes) affording 42 g of amine 14-2 as a white solid in 91% yield. iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 1.26-1.22 (m, 3H), 6.88-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.75-6.73 (d, IH), 6.27-6.25 (d, IH), 4.98-4.96 (br s, IH), 4.39-4.37 (d, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H). Step B: Pent-4-ynoic acid butyl ester (14-4) HCl was bubbled into a n-butanol solution (200 mL) of pent-4-ynoic acid 14-3 (10 g, 102 mmol) for ten minutes. The solution stiπed overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed in vacuo providing the crude ester 14-4 as a yellow liquid in quantitative yield. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 4.12-4.09 (t, 2H), 2.55-2.50 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.96 (t, IH), 1.63-1.60 (m, 2H), 141-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.91 (t, 3H). Step C: 5-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-pent-4-ynoic acid butyl ester (14-5) To a mixture of 14^ (8.64 g, 29.48 mmol) and 144; (5.0 g, 32.4 mmol) in Et 3 N (50 mL) at 0° was added Cul (0J4 g, 0.74). The solution was purged with argon and [(C 6 H 5 ) 3 P] 2 PdCl 2 (0.52 g, 0.74 mmol) was added. After 1 h the cooling bath was removed and the solution was stirred for an additional 12 h. The solution was diluted with diethyl ether (250 mL) and washed with water (4 x 100 ml) followed by brine (100 mL). The ethereal layer was dried (Na SO 4 ), concentrated, and chromatographed (silica gel, 30% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give 8.6 g of 14-5. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.34-7.30 (t, IH), 7.26-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.70 (d, IH), 6.29-6.27 (d, IH), 4.91-4.88 (t, IH), 440-4.38 (d, 2H), 4.13- 4.11 (t, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.64 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.55 (m, 2H), 142-1.34 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.90 (t, 3H). Step D: 5-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-pentanoic acid butyl ester (14-6) A mixture of 14^5 (6.54 g, 17.8 mmol), Et 3 N (1.85 mL, 13.3 mmol), and PtO 2 (0.405 g, 1.78) in EtOH (150 mL) was stiπed under a balloon of hydrogen for 6 h. Filtration through celite and evaporative removal of the solvent afforded 6.23 g of 14-6 as a colorless oil. The crude product was used directly in the next step without purification. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.34-7.27 (m, 3H), 6.87-6.85 (m, 2H), 645-643 (d, IH), 6J9-6J7 (d, IH), 4.79-4.76 (t, IH), 4.38-4.37 (d, 2H), 4.074.05 (t, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.64-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 2H), 142-1.33 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.92 (t, 3H). Step E: { 6-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-2-oxo-hexyl }- phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (14-7) A solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate (2.48 g, 20 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was cooled to -78° and treated dropwise with 2.5 M n-BuLi (8.0 mL). After stirring at -78° for 45 min, a solution of ester 14-6 (1.85 g, 5.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise and the resulting solution stiπed for 30 min at -78°, quenched with sat. NH4CI (25 mL), then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 75 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na 2 SO4), filtered, and concentrated to afford a yellow oil. Chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH/CH2θ2) afforded 14-7 as a yellow oil in 89% yield. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.33-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.87-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.44-643 (d, IH), 6.19-6.17 (d, IH), 4.83-4.79 (t, IH), 4.38-4.37 (d, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.13-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.58 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.64 (m, 4H). Step F: 7-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-l-pyrimidin-4-yl-hept-l- en-3-one (14-8) To a solution of 14-7 (1.87 g, 4.44 mmol), pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (0.480 g, 4.44 mmol) in 15 mL DMF was added K2CO3 (0.922 g, 6.67 mmol). The mixture was stiπed at ambient temperature for 15 hr, and concentrated to a paste. The residue was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over sodium sulfate. Following concentration, the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (5% MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2 ) to give 1.44 g of 14J3 as a white solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.19 (s, IH), 8.88(s, 2H), 747-7.29 (m, 4H), 6.87- 6.82 (m, 3H), 647-645 (d, IH), 6.21-6.18 (d, IH), 4.824.78 (t, IH), 4.39-4.37 (d, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.73-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.74 (m, 4H). Step G 3(S or R)- 2-{7-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamιno)-pyndιn-2-yll-3-oxo-l- pyπmιdιn-4-yl-heptyl l-malonιc acid diethyl ester (14-9a and 14-9b) To a solution of 14-8 (0 719 g, 1.78 mmol) and diethyl malonate (0 326 ml, 2J4 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and THF (10 mL) was added sodium ethoxide (0.01 mL of a 30% w/w solution in ethanol) After 1 hr, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed with sat'd NaHCO 3 (75 mL) followed by bnne (75mL) The organic layer was dned, concentrated, and puπfied on a 5 x 50 cm Chiralcel OD column (flow = 100 mL min, A:B = 10:90) (A = 0.1% diethylamine/ethanol, B =2-propanol). Product 14-9 a (0.246 g) eluted at 35 minutes, its enantiomer, 14-9b, (0.260 g) eluted at 47 minutes. l H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.05 (s, IH), 8.67 (s, 2H), 1.33-1.26 (m, 3H), 6.87- 6.85 (d, 2H), 642-6.38 (d, IH), 6.19-6.17 (d, IH), 4.88-4.84 (br s, IH), 4.37-4.36 (d, 2H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.05-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3 74-3.72 (d, IH) 3.06-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.53 (t, 2H), 244-2.27 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.20 (m, 6H), 1.10-1.06 (t, 3H) Step H: 3(S or R)- 9-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamιno)-pyndιn-2-yll-5-oxo-3- pynmιdιn-5-yl-nonanoιc acid ethyl ester (14- 10a) To a solution of 14-9a (0.240 g, 0.426 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added NaOH (0.469 mL of IN solution in water, 0.469 mmol). After stirπng at 40°C for 30 minutes, the mixture was treated with HCl (0.469 mL of IN solution in water, 0.469 mmol) and concentrated. The residue was suspended in toluene (15 mL) and heated at reflux. After 1 h, evaporation of the solvent and puπfication on silica gel (70 chloroform / 20 ethyl acetate / 10 methanol) afforded 14-10a as a yellow oil in 70% yield. iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.06 (s, IH), 8.63 (s, 2H), 1.32-1.26 (m, 3H), 6.87- 6.85 (d, 2H), 642-6.38 (d, IH), 6.19-6.17 (d, IH), 4.88-4.84 (br s, IH), 4.054.03 (q, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.73-3.65 (m, IH) 2.93-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.63-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.15 (m, 4H), 1J7-1J3 (t, 3H). Step I: 3(S or R)- 9-{6-[(4-Methoxy-benzyl)-methyl-amιnol-pyndιn-2-yll-5- oxo-3-pynmιdιn-5-yl-nonanoιc acid ethyl ester (14-1 la) To a solution of 14-10a (0J45 g, 0.295 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added paraformaldehyde (0.075 mg) and acetic acid (0.085 mL, 1 47 mmol) After stirπng at 50°C for 15 minutes, NaCNBH 3 (0.024 g, 0.384 mmol) was added and the mixture stiπed for an additional 12 h at 50°C. Evaporation of the solvents and puπfication on silica gel (5% MeOH/CHCl 3 ) afforded 14-l la in 96% yield iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.06 (s, IH), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.35-7.31 (t, IH), 7.16- 7.14 (d, 2H), 6.83-6.81 (d, 2H), 6.37-6.35 (d, IH), 6.30-6.28 (d, IH), 4.74 (s, 2H), 4.07-4.02 (q, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.64 (m, IH) 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.69 (m, 3H), 2.62-2.56 (m, 3H), 243-2.28 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.52 (m, 4H), 1.17-1.13 (t, 3H). Step J: 3(S or R)- 9-(6-Methylamιno-pyπdιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pynmιdιn-5-yl)- nonanoic acid ethyl ester (14-12a) A solution of 14-l la (0.140 g, 0.277 mmol) in tnfluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was stiπed at 60°C for 15 minutes. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was azeotroped (2 X 25 ml toluene). Puπfication on silica gel (90: 10:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH:NH4OH) gave 14-12a. A H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.07 (s, IH), 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.38-7.35 (t, IH), 6.41- 6.39 (d, IH), 6.20-6.18 (d, IH), 4.54-4.50 (br s, IH), 4.054.03 (q, 2H), 3.73-3.65 (m, IH), 2.93-2.87 (m, 4H) 2.83-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.53 (m, 3H), 242-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.56 (m, 4H), 1.17-1.13 (t, 3H). Step K: 3(S or R)- 9-(6-Methylamιno-pyndιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-(3-pynmιdm-5-yl)- nonanoic acid (14-13a) To a solution of 14- 12a (0.0899 g, 0.233 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H 2 O 3:1:1 (5 mL)) was added NaOH (0.534 mL of IN solution in water, 0.534 mmol). After 30 minutes, the mixture was neutralized with HCl (0.534 mL of IN solution in water, 0.534 mmol) and the solvents were evaporated. The residue chromatographed on silica gel (10% MeOH/CHCl 3 ) to give 14-13a as a white solid. l U NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.08 (s, IH), 8.66 (s, 2H), 7.63-7.59 (m, IH), 6.45- 6.40 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.82 (m, IH), 3.17-3.11 (m, IH), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.75-2.55 (m, 8H), 1.88-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.61-1.54 (m, IH). Enantiomer 14-13b was obtained from 14-9b utilizing the same methods descπbed for the preparation of 14-13a. Its 400 MHz NMR spectrum in CDCI3 was identical to that of its enantiomer 14-13a. Scheme 15 lϊ l nBuLi, THF 15-2 diethyl malonate NaOEt, EtOH, THF EXAMPLE 21 9-(2,4-Diaminopyrimidin-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoic acid (15- 2_ Step A: 1 -Dimethylphosphonate-2-oxo-hex-5-ene ( 15-2) Dimethyl methylphosphonate (20.3 g, 164 mmol) in THF (250 mL) at -78°C was treated with n-butyllithium (1.6 M in hexanes; 102 mL, 164 mmol) dropwise over 1 hour. To this was added ethyl 4-pentenoate (7 g, 54.6 mmol) in THF (25 mL) over 30 minutes and the solution stiπed a further 30 minutes at -78°C before being quenched with saturated NH4CI. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. After extraction with EtOAc (4X), the organic layers were washed with water then brine, dried (MgSO4) and filtered through celite. Concentration in vacuo afforded the title compound 15-2 as an oil which was used as such. iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.8 (m, IH), 5.0 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.10 (d, 2H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.35 (m, 2H) ppm. Step B: 1 -(2-Methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-3-oxo-hepta- 1 ,6-diene ( 15-3) The phosphonate 15-2 (10 g, 49 mmol), 2-mefhyl-pyrimidin-5-yl- carbaldehyde (J. Heterocyclic Chem.; 1991, 28, 1281; 5 g, 41 mmol) and K2CO3 (6.22 g, 45 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was stiπed at room temperature for 16 hours then at 50°C for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. After extraction with EtOAc, the organic layers were washed with water then brine, dried (MgSO4) and filtered through celite. Concentration in vacuo afforded an orange solid. Punfication by silica gel chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 1J then 1.2) yielded the title compound 15-3 as a white solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.8 (s, 2H), 7.5 (d, IH), 6.84 (d, IH), 5.88 (m, IH), 5J (m, 2H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 2H) ppm Step C 2-(Carboethoxy)-3-(2-methylpynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-non-8-enoιc acid ethyl ester (15-4) The enone l θ (5.73 g, 28.4 mmol) was dissolved in THF (200 mL) and EtOH (80 mL) at room temperature. To this was added diethyl malonate (6.46 mL, 42.5 mmol) and NaOEt (1 mL, 2.8 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 1.5 hours. The solution was partitioned between saturated NaHCO3 solution and EtOAc, washed with water, bnne, dned (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was puπfied by silica gel chromatography (elut g with EtOAc) to give the diester 15-4 as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.57 (s, 2H), 5.72 (m, IH), 4.95 (m, 2H), 4.2 (m, 2H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 3.95 (m, IH), 3.72 (d, IH), 3.04 (dd, IH), 2.96 (dd, IH), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H),L26 (t, 3H), 1.10 (t, 3H) ppm. Step D: 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-non-8-enoιc acid ethyl ester (15-5) The diester 154 (11.2 g, 31.1 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) at room temperature. To this was added IN NaOH (31J mL, 31J mmol), the mixture stiπed at 40°C for 2 hours then overnight at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in toluene (100 mL) and heated at reflux for 5 hours. After removal of the solvent, the residue was partitioned between water and CHCI3, washed with bnne, dned (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (elutmg with EtOAc) to give the ester 15-5 as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.55 (s, 2H), 5.73 (m, IH), 4.95 (m, 2H), 4J7 (q, 2H), 3.68 (m, IH), 2.9 (dd, IH), 2.82 (dd, IH), 2.74 (dd, IH), 2.7 (s, 3H), 2.64 (dd, IH), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H) ppm Step E: 9-(2,4-Dιamιnopynmιdm-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo- nonanoic acid ethyl ester (15-6) The ester JN^ (400 mg, 1 38 mmol) was treated with 9-BBN (8.28 mL, 4 14 mmol, 0 5M in THF) at room temperature for 16 hours. To this solution was added Pd(OAc)2 (31 mg, 0 14 mmol), 6-chloro-2,4-dιamιnopynmιdιne (219 mg, 1.52 mmol), K2CO3 (381 mg, 2 75 mmol), lJ'-bιs(dιphenylphosphιno)-feπocene (76 mg, 0 14 mmol) and DMF (15 mL) The mixture was degassed with argon for 10 minutes then heated to 80°C for 24 hours The reaction mixture was cooled and stiπed with ethanolamme (5 mL) for 2 hours The mixture was partitioned between IN HCl and EtOAc The aqueous layer was made basic with K2CO3 and extracted with EtOAc (5X) The organic layers were washed with bnne, dned (MgSO4) and concentrated Punfication by silica gel chromatography (20% MeOH in CHCI3) afforded the title compound 15-6 as an oil Mass spectrum calculated for C20H29N6O3 (M+H) is 401.2; found 401J Step F: 9-(24-Dιammopynmιdιn-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo- nonanoic acid (15-7) The ester 1 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and water (10 mL) was treated with 1 N LiOH (1.0 mL, 1 0 mmol). After stirπng at room temperature for 1 hour, the solution was concentrated to 5 mL and puπfied by reverse phase HPLC (preppak C-18 column; water/acetonitnle/ 0.1% TFA gradient). After lyophihzation, the title compound 15-7 (TFA salt) was obtained as a white powder. lH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.66 (s, 2H), 5.90 (s, IH), 3.61 (m, IH), 5.1 (m, IH), 3.00 (d, 2H), 2.6-2.8 (m, 2H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.4-2.6 (m, 2H), 1.5 (m, 4H) ppm Mass spectrum: exact mass calculated for C18H24N6O3 (M+H) is 373.1983; found 373.1974. Scheme 16 16-1 16-2 16-5 X = l Λ Pd 2 (dba) 3 .CHCI 3 16-6 X = Me j) PPh 3 , CdCI 2 (Me) 4 Sn, NMP 16-7 diethyl malonate NaOEt, EtOH, THF EXAMPLE 22 9-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yl)- 3-(2-methoxypynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid (16-11) Step A" 2-Bromo-6-(4-methoxybenzylamιno)pyndιne (16-2) A mixture of 2,6-dιbromopyπdιne 16-1 (15 g, 70 mmol), 4- methoxybenzylamine (25 mL, 191 mmol) and butanol (25 mL) was heated at 100°C for 6 days. After cooling, EtOAc was added, the solids removed by filtration and the solution concentrated in vacuo Punfication of the residue by silica gel chromatography (Hexane:EtOAc 4: 1) afforded the title compound 16-2 as a white solid lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.21 (t, IH), 6 88 (d, 2H), 6.73 (d, IH), 6.26 (d, IH), 5.02 (bt, IH), 4.38 (d, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H) ppm. Step B: 5-[2-(4-methoxybenzylamιno)pyndm-6-yllpentanoιc acid ethyl ester (16-3) Ethyl 4-pentenoate (8.95 g, 69.8 mmol) was treated with 9-BBN (167 mL, 83.7 mmol; 0.5M in THF) at 0°C then warmed to room temperature and stiπed for 16 hours. To this solution was added Pd(OAc)2 (1.57 g, 6.98 mmol), pyπdine 16; 2 (18.4 g, 62.8 mmol), K2CO3 (14.4 g, 105 mmol), lJ'-bιs(dιphenylphosphιno)- ferrocene (3.87 g, 6.98 mmol) and DMF (200 mL). The mixture was degassed with argon for 10 minutes then heated to 80°C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and stiπed with ethanolamme (20 mL) for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc, extracted with EtOAc (3X), washed with water (3X), then bnne, dned (MgSO4) and concentrated. Punfication by silica gel chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 3:2) afforded the title compound 16-3 as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.32 (t, IH), 7.28 (d, 2H), 6.88 (d, 2H), 6.45 (d, IH), 6.19 (d, IH), 4.89 (bt, IH), 4.38 (d, 2H), 4.12 (q, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.63 (t, 2H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 1.6 (m, 4H), 1.26 (t, 3H) ppm. Step C: 5-(2-Amιnopyndιn-6-yl)pentanoιc acid ethyl ester (16-4) The ester l&β (5.7 g) in TFA (75 mL) was heated at 60°C for 2 hours then cooled and the excess TFA removed in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, made basic with NaHCO3 and extracted with ether (3X). After washing the ether layer with saturated NaHCO3 then bnne, it was dned (Na2SO4) and concentrated to give a viscous oil Punfication by silica gel chromatography (hexaneΕtOAc 3 -7) afforded the title compound 16-4 as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.34 (t, IH), 6.50 (d, IH), 6.32 (d, IH), 4.35 (bs, 2H), 4J2 (q, 2H), 2.61 (t, 2H), 2.33 (t, 2H)J.7 (m, 4H), 1.25 (t, 3H) ppm. Step D: 5-(2-Amιno-3,5-dnodopyndιn-6-yl)pentanoιc acid ethyl ester (16-5) To a solution of the ester 16-4 ( 1 J 1 g, 5 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added Ag2SO4 (1.87 g, 6 mmol) and I2 (1.52 g, 6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (50 mL), filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved m EtOAc, washed with aqueous sodium thiosulfate followed by bnne, dned (Na2SO4) and the solvent removed. Puπfication by silica gel chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 4J) afforded the title compound 16-5 as a solid. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.09 (s, IH), 4.86 (bs, 2H), 4J2 (q, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 2.35 (t, 2H), 1.7 (m, 4H), 1.25 (t, 3H) ppm. Step E: 5-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yl)pentanoιc acid ethyl ester (16-6) A mixture of the ester !6_ > (144 g, 3 mmol), Pd(dba)3.CHCl3 (0.124 g, 0.12 mmol), CdCl2 (0.55 g, 3 mmol), Ph3P (0.226 g, 0.86 mmol), (CH3)4Sn (0.873 mL, 6 mmol) and NMP (10 mL) in a pressure tube was degassed with argon and heated to 100°C for 20 hours. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water (100 mL) and filtered through celite. After removing the solvent in vacuo, the residue was dilited with 10% aqueous KHSO4, extracted with EtOAc and the aqueous layers then basified with K2CO3. Extracted with EtOAc (3X), washed with bnne, dned (Na2SO4) and the solvent removed Punfication by silica gel chromatography (3% MeOH in CHCI3) afforded the title compound 16-6 as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.01 (s, IH), 4J7 (bs, 2H), 4.12 (q, 2H), 2.85 (s, 6H), 2.61 (t, 2H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 1.7 (m, 4H), 1.25 (t, 3H) ppm. Step F: 6-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yl)-l-dιmethylphosphonate-hexan- 2-one (16-7) Following the procedure for the synthesis of L6 but using 16-6 as starting mateπal, the title compound 16-7 was prepared as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.01 (s, IH), 4 26 (bs, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.10 (d, 2H). 2.62 (m, 4H), 2J4 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1 64 (m, 4H) ppm Step G- Step 7-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyπdιn-6-yl)-l-(2-methoxypynmιdιn-5- yl)-3-oxo-hept-l-ene (16-8) Following the procedure for the synthesis of L7, but using 16-7 and 2- mefhoxypynmιdιn-5-yl-carboxaldehyde (Gupton et al , J Heterocyclic Chem., 1991, 28, 1281) as starting mateπal, the title compound 16-8 was obtained as a solid. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.69 (s, 2H), 7.44 (d, IH), 7.02 (s, IH), 6.74 (d, IH), 4 18 (bs, 2H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 2.70 (t, 2H), 2.64 (t, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.7 (m, 4H) ppm Step H: 9-(2-Ammo-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yI)-2-(carboethoxy)-3-(2- methoxypynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid ethyl ester (16-9) Following the procedure for the synthesis of L8, but using 16-8 as starting mateπal, the title compound 16-9 was obtained as an oil. 1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.44 (s, 2H), 7.01 (s, IH), 4.2 (m, 6H), 4.04 (q, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.71 (m, IH), 3.69 (d, 2H), 2.97 (dd, IH), 2.87 (dd, IH), 2.54 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.55 (m, 4H), 1.25 (t, 3H), 1.11 (t, 3H) ppm Step I: 9-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yl)-3-(2-methoxypynmιdιn-5-yl)-5- oxo-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (16-10) Following the procedure for the synthesis of 1-10, but using 16-9 as starting mateπal, the title compound 16-10 was obtained as an oil. lH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.41 (s, 2H), 7.02 (s, IH), 4.26 (bs, 2H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.65 (m, IH), 2.87 (dd, IH), 2.77 (dd, IH), 2.69 (dd, IH), 2.56 (m, 3H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.58 (m, 4H), 1.18 (t, 3H) ppm. Step J: 9-(2-Amιno-3,5-dιmethylpyndιn-6-yl)-3-(2-methoxypyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5- oxo-nonanoic acid (16-11) The ester 16-10 (0J2 g, 0.28 mmol), IN NaOH (1 mL, 1 mmol) and EtOH (4 mL) were stiπed at room temperature for 16 hours. IN HCl (1 mL) was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a viscous residue. Puπfication on silica gel elutmg with EtOAc :EtOH:conc. NH4OH:H2O 15:10: 1:1 gave an oil which was taken up in water and lyophilized to give the title compound 16-11 as a powder. lH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) _ 8.50 (s, 2H), 7.51 (s, IH), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.70 (m, IH), 3.05 (dd, IH), 2.78 (dd, IH), 2.65 (m, 5H), 2.47 (ddJH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2J5 (s, 3H), 1.68 (m, 4H) ppm. Mass spectrum: calculated for C22H31N4O4 (M+H) is 401.5; found 401.1. Scheme 17 EXAMPLE 23 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(6,7.8,9-tetrahvdro-5H-pyrido[2,3- blazepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (17-2a and 17-2b) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of L6 into 1-l la and 1-l lb, 11-10 and 2-ethoxy-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde were converted into 17-2a and 17-2b. Resolution of the enantiomers was carried out by chiral chromatography of the keto diester intermediate coπesponding to 1-8. TLC Rf = 0.24 (sihca, 10: 10: 1 J EtOAc/EtOH/NH 4 OH H 2 O) H NMR (400 MHz, CDNJD) δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 7 43 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.55 (d, IH, 1=1 Hz), 4.38 (q, 2H, J=7Hz), 3.63 (m, IH), 2.98 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, 3H), 2.55 (m, 6H), 1.84 (m. 4H), 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.38 (t, 3H, J=7 Hz). The following additional but non-limiting examples were prepared using the procedures detailed in the Examples and Schemes above and are accompanied by their mass spectral characetnzation data. Compound Compound Name Mass No. Spectrum* (1) 3(R) and 3(S)-(pyrazin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8- 383 tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid (2) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyrazιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9- 397 (5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc (3) 3(R) and 3(S)-(6-methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9- 413 (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (4) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5- 412 oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (5) 3(R) and 3(S)-(3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza- 440 naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (6) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9- 411 [6(R or S)-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl]-nonanoιc acid (7) 3(R) and 3(S)-(benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8- 421 tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid (8) 3(R) and 3(S)-(5-methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9- 412 (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc (9) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-dιmethylammo-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5- 426 oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (10) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 423 vmyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (11) 3(R) and 3(S)-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 423 cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid (12) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 431 chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (13) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 473 bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid (14) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9- 428 (3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid bis-trifluoroacetate salt (15) 3(R) and 3(S)-(quinolin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl- 446 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (16) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-methyl-pyπmidιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7- 425 dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridm-2- yl)-nonanoic acid (17) 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 467 cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid (18) 3(R) and 3(S)-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3- 452 cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid "m/e, M+ or (M + 1)+ SCHEME A Synthesis of Radioliqand for SPAV3 Assay A-1 H, dioxane, 1.Br 2) NaOH,H 2 0 2. HCl SCHEME A. cont'd. A-5a 6NHCI SCHEME A, cont'd A-10 N-(4-Iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-L-asparagine (A-2) To a stiπed solution of acid AJ (4.39 g, 33.2 mmol), NaOH (1.49 g, 37.2 mmol), dioxane (30 ml) and H2O (30 ml) at 0°C was added pipsyl chloride (10.34 g, 34.2 mmol). After ~5 minutes, NaOH (1.49, 37.2 mmol) dissolved in 15 ml H2O, was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. After 2.0 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in H2O (300 ml) and then washed with EtOAc. The aqueous portion was cooled to 0°C and then acidified with concentrated HCl. The solid was collected and then washed with Et2θ to provide acid A-2 as a white solid. *H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) 6 7.86 (d, 2H, J=8Hz ), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz) 3.70 (m, IH), 2.39 (m, 2H). 2(S)-(4-Iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-β-alanine (A-3) To a stiπed solution of NaOH (7J4 g, 181.8 mmol) and H2O (40 ml) at 0°C was added Br2 (1.30 ml, 24.9 mmol) dropwise over a ten minute period. After ~5 minutes, acid A-2 (9.9 g, 24.9 mmol), NaOH (2.00 g, 49.8 mmol) and H2O (35 ml) were combined, cooled to 0°C and then added in a single portion to the reaction. After stirring for 20 minutes at 0°C, the reaction was heated to 90°C for 30 minutes and then recooled to 0°C. The pH was adjusted to ~7 by dropwise addition of concentrated HCl. The solid was collected, washed with EtOAc, and then dried in vacuo to provide acid A-3 as a white solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 8.02 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.36 (m, IH), 3.51 (dd, IH, J=5Hz, 13Hz) 3.21 (m, IH). Ethyl 2(S)-(4-iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-β-alanine-hvdrochloride (A-4) HCl gas was rapidly bubbled through a suspension of acid A-3 (4.0 g, 10.81 mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) at 0°C for 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was heated to 60°C. After 18 h, the reaction was concentrated to provide ester A-4 as a white solid. H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.98 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.25 (q, IH, J=5Hz), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, IH), 3.06 (m, IH), 1.01 (t, 3H, J=7Hz). Ethyl 4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoate (A-5a) A mixture of ester A-5 (700 mg, 2.63 mmol), (for preparation, see: Scheme 29 of PCT International Application Publication No. WO 95/32710, published December 7, 1995) 10% Pd C (350 mg) and EtOH were stiπed under 1 atm H2- After 20 h, the reaction was filtered through a celite pad and then concentrated to provide ester A-5a as a brown oil. TLC Rf = 0.23 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexanes) iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.95 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.26 (m, 3H), 6.43 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.35 (d, IH, J=8Hz), 4.37 (m, 4H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, 3H, J=7Hz). 4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoic acid hydrochloride (A-6) A suspension of ester A-5a (625 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 6N HCl (12 ml) was heated to 60°C. After -20 h, the reaction was concentrated to give acid A-6 as a tan solid. lH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.84 (d, IH, J=9Hz), 6.69 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.09 (m, 4H). Ethyl 4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoyl-2(S)-(4-iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-β- alanine (A-7) A solution of acid 15-6 (400 mg, 1.43 mmol), amine A-4 (686 mg, 1.57 mmol), EDC (358 mg, 1.86 mmol), HOBT (252 mg, 1.86 mmol), NMM (632 μl, 5.72 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was stiπed for -20 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat. NaHCO3, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, EtOAc then 5% isopropanol/EtOAc) provided amide N 7 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.4 (silica, 10% isopropanol/EtOAc) l U NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.79 (d, 2H, J=9Hz) 7.61 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=9Hz), 7.29 (m, IH), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.20 (m, IH), 3.95 (q, 2H, J=7Hz), 3.66 (dd, IH, J=6Hz, 14Hz), 3.49 (dd, IH, J=8Hz, 13Hz), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, 3H, J=7Hz). 4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoyl-2(S)-(4-iodophenyl-sulfonylamino)-β- alanine (A-8) A solution of ester AN (200 mg, 0.3213 mmol) and 6Ν HCl (30 ml) was heated to 60°C. After -20 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/ NH4OH/H2O) provided acid AJ5 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.45 (silica, 20:20: 1:1 EtOAc/ΕtOH/NHziOH/H2θ) *H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.40 (m, IH), 8.14 (Bs, IH), 7.81 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.62 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (m, 3H), 6.34 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.25 (d, IH, J=8Hz), 5.85 (bs, 2H), 3.89 (bs, IH), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 2H). 4-[2-(2-Amιnopyndιn-6-yl)ethyl)benzoyl-2(S)-(4-tnmethylstannyl- phenylsulfonylamino-β-alanine (A-9) A solution of iodide N S (70 mg, 0.1178 mmol), [(CH3)3Sn]2 (49 μl, 0.2356 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mg) and dioxane (7 ml) was heated to 90°C After 2 h, the reaction was concentrated and then punfied by preparative HPLC (Delta-Pak Ci8 15 μM 100A°, 40 x 100 mm, 95"5 then 5:95 H2O/CH3CN) to provide the tπfluoroacetate salt. The salt was suspended in H2O (10 ml), treated with NH4OH (5 drops) and then lyophihzed to provide amide A-9 as a white solid iH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.40 (m, IH), 8.18 (d, IH, J=8Hz), 7.67 (m, 5H), 7.56 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.95-7.52 (m, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 4.00 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.33 (m, IH), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2 86 (m, 2H). 4-[2- ( 2-Amιnopyndιn-6-yl ) ethyllbenzoyl-2 ( S ) -4-^5 10 j 0 _ph erιy ] su if on yi arnιno .β-. alanine (A-10) An lodobead (Pierce) was added to a shipping vial of 5 mCi of Nal25τ (Amersham, IMS30) and stiπed for five minutes at room temperature. A solution of 0J mg of A-9 in 0.05 mL of 10% H2SO4/MeOH was made and immediately added to the Nal25τ/ 10( iobead vιa j After stirπng for three minutes at room temperature, approximately 0.04-0.05 mL of NH4OH was added so the reaction mixture was at pH 6-7. The entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for puπfication [Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of 10% acetonitπle (0.1% (TFA):H2θ (0.1% TFA) to 90% acetomtnle (0.1% TFA):H2θ (0.1% TFA) over 30 minutes, 1 mL/m ]. The retention time of A-10 is 17 minutes under these conditions. Fractions containing the majoπty of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophihzed and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of A-10, which coeluted on HPLC analysis with an authentic sample of A-8. SCHEME B Synthesis of Radioligand for SPAV5 Assay 10 2(S)-(4Jodo-benzenesulfonylamιno)-3-{4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,81naphthyndιn-2- yl)-ethyll-benzoylamιnol-propιonιc acid ethyl ester (B-2) A mixture of B-l (0.23 g, 0.72 mmol; for preparation see US Patent No. 5,741,796), A4; (0.343 g, 0.792 mmol), EDC (0.179 g, 0.93 mmol), HOBT (0 126 g, 0.93 mmol), NMM (0.316 mL, 2.86 mmol) in acetomtnle (3 mL) and DMF (3 mL) was stiπed for 2 hours at ambient temperature then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 , and bnne, dned over MgSO , and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on sihca gel (70:25:5 CHCl EtOAc/MeOH) to give 13^2 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.22 (sihca, 70:25:5 CHCl 3 /EtOAc/MeOH). l B NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.79 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.54 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=8Hz),7.04 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.60 (m, IH), 6.29 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 4.83 (br s, IH), 4.09 (m, 3H), 3.84 (m, IH), 3.68 (m, IH), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 4H), 2.86 (m, 4H), 2.69 (t, 2H, J=6Hz), 1.88 (m, 2H). 2(S)-(4Jodo-benzenesulfonylamιno)-3-{4-r2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-ri,81naphthvndm-2- yl)-ethvn-benzoylammo|-propιonιc acid (B-3) A mixture of B^ (0.38 g, 0.573 mmol) and 6N HCl (50 mL) was stiπed for 14 hours at 60°C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (25:10:1:1 to 15:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/ NH- t OH/ΗbO) to give 1^3 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.43 (silica, 10:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/ NH OH/HzO). l H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.42 (m, IH), 7.79 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.44 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=8Hz),7J0 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.58 (br s, IH), 6.32 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.96 (m, IH), 3.51 (m, IH), 3.30 (m, 5H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H). HRMS: For C 26 H 27 rN 4 O 5 S, expected 635.0818, found 635.0831. 3-{4-[2-(5,6.7.8-Tetrahvdro-ri,81naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-ethyll-benzoylamιno}-2(S)J4- tnmethylstannanyl-benzenesulfonvIamιno)-propιonιc acid (B-4) A mixture of B-3 (0J0 g, 0J6 mmol), hexamethyldistannane (0.065 mL, 0.32 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , and dioxane (10 mL) was stiπed for one hour at 90°C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (50: 10:1: 1 to 25:10: 1: 1 EtOAc/EtOH/ NH4OH/H2O) to give B4 as a white solid TLC Rf = 0.48 (sihca, 15: 10: 1 J EtOAc/EtOH/ NH 4 OH/Η2O). l H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8 38 (m, IH), 8J4 (m, IH), 7.63 (m, 4H), 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.08 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.50 (br s, IH), 6.28 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.96 (m, IH), 3.48 (m, IH), 3.31 (m, 5H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 0.28 (s, 9H). 1 17 High resolution mass spectrum: For C 9 H 3 N OsSSn, expected 665.1533 ( Sn) and 673.1507 ( 120 Sn), found 665.1510 and 673.1505 2(S)-(4-' 25 Iodo-benzenesulfonylammo)-3-{4-[2-(5,6,7.8-tetrahvdro-[L81naphthvndιn- 2-yl)-ethyll-benzoylamιno|-propιonιc acid (B-5) A stir bar, methanol (0.05 mL) and an lodobead (Pierce) were added to a shipping vial of Na 125 I (10 mCi, Amersham, EVIS300) and stiπed for five minutes at room temperature. A solution of B-4 (-0J mg) in methanol (0.04 mL) was made and a portion (0.02 mL) was added to a mixture of H 2 SO (0.005 mL) in methanol (0.025 125 mL), and this solution was added immediately to the Na I/iodobead vial. After stirπng for two minutes at room temperature, the reaction was quenched with NH 4 OH (0.04-0.05 mL) and the entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for puπfication [Vydac peptide-protem C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of 10% acetomtnle :H2θ (0.1% TFA) to 90% acetomtnle:H2θ (0.1% TFA) over 20 minutes, 1 mL mm]. The retention time of B-5 is 16 minutes under these conditions. Fractions containing the majoπty of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophihzed and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of 13^5, which coeluted on HPLC analysis with an authentic sample of B-3. Instrumentation: Analytical and preparative HPLC was earned out using a Waters 600E Powerl e Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0 1 mL heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode Aπay Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector. For analytical and preparative HPLC, a Vydac peptide -protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column. The acetomtnle used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade. The HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector. A Vydac C-18 protein and peptide column, 3.9 x 250 mm was used for analytical and preparative HPLC Solutions of radioactivity were concentrated using a Speedvac vacuum centnfuge Calibration curves and chemical concentrations were determined using a Hewlett Packard Model 8452A UV/Vis Diode Aπay Spectrophotometer Sample radioactivities were determined in a Packard A5530 gamma counter The test procedures employed to measure αvβ3 and αvβ5 binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are descnbed below BONE RESORPTION-PIT ASSAY When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they can cause the formation of pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit osteoclasts, it is useful to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these resoφtion pits when the inhibiting compound is present Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a 6 mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis are cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, II). Bone slices are pooled, placed in a 10% ethanol solution and refπgerated until further use. Pπor to expeπmentation, bovine bone slices are ultrasomcated twice, 20 minutes each in H2O. Cleaned slices are placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either tπphcate or quadruplicate cultures. The bone slices in 96 well plates are steπhzed by UV madiation. Pπor to incubation with osteoclasts, the bone slices are hydrated by the addition of 0J ml αMEM, pH 6.9 containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Long bones from 7-14 day old rabbits (New Zealand White Hare) are dissected, cleaned of soft tissue and placed m αMEM containing 20 mM HEPES. The bones are mmced using scissors until the pieces are <1 mm and transfeπed to a 50 ml tube in a volume of 25 ml. The tube is rocked gently by hand for 60 cycles, the tissue is sedimented for 1 min., and the supernatant is removed Another 25 ml of medium is added to the tissue and rocked again. The second supernatant is combined with the first. The number of cells is counted excluding erythrocytes (typically ~ 2 x 107 cells/ml). A cell suspension consisting of 5 x lθ6/ml in αMEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 10 nM l,25(OH)2D3, and pencillin-streptomycin is prepared 200 ml a quots are added to bovine bone slices (200 mm x 6 mm) and incubated for 2 hrs at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere The medium is removed gently with a micropipettor and fresh medium containing test compounds is added. The cultures are incubated for 48 hrs., and assayed for c-telopeptide (fragments of the al chain of type I collagen) by Crosslaps for culture media (Herlev, Denmark). Bovine bone slices are exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs and are processed for staining. Tissue culture media is removed from each bone slice. Each well is washed with 200 ml of H2O, and the bone slices are then fixed for 20 minutes m 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0J M cacodylate, pH 7 4 After fixation, any remaining cellular debns is removed by 2 min. ultrasomcation in the presence of 0.25 M NH4OH followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasomcation in H2O. The bone slices are immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax. After the bone slices have dned, resoφtion pits are counted in test and control slices. Resoφtion pits are viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikon) fluorescence microscope using a polaπzmg Nikon IGS filter cube. Test dosage results are compared with controls and resulting IC50 values are determined for each compound tested. The appropπateness of extrapolating data from this assay to mammalian (including human) disease states is supported by the teaching found in Sato, M., et al., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 31-40, 1990, which is incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety. This article teaches that certain bisphosphonates have been used clinically and appear to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions produced by bone metastases, and bone loss due to immobilization or sex hormone deficiency. These same bisphosphonates are then tested in the resoφtion pit assay descnbed above to confirm a coπelation between their known utility and positive performance in the assay. EΓB ASSAY Duong et al., J. Bone Miner. Res.. 8: S378 (1993), descπbes a system for expressing the human mtegnn αvβ3. It has been suggested that the integπn stimulates attachment of osteoclasts to bone matπx, since antibodies against the mtegnn, or RGD-containmg molecules, such as echistatin (European Patent 382,451), can effectively block bone resoφtion. Reaction Mixture: 1. 175 μl TBS buffer (50 mM Tris » HCl pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCl, 1% BSA, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgC-2). 2. 25 ml cell extract (dilute with 100 mM octylglucoside buffer to give 2000 cpm/25 μl). 3. 125 I-echistatin (25 μl/50,000 cpm) (see EP 382 451). 4. 25 μl buffer (total binding) or unlabeled echistatin (non-specific binding). The reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp. The unbound and the bound αvβ3 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester. The filters (prewet in 1.5% poly-ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, ImM CaCl2/MgCl2, pH 7.2). The filter was then counted in a gamma counter. SPAV3 ASSAY MATERIALS: 1. Wheat germ agglutinin Scintillation Proximity Beads (SPA): Amersham 2. Octylglucopyranoside: Calbiochem 3. HEPES: Calbiochem 4. NaCl: Fisher 5. CaCl2: Fisher 6. MgCl2: SIGMA 7. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF): SIGMA 8. Optiplate: PACKARD 9. Compound A-10 (specific activity 500-1000 Ci/mmole) 10. test compound 11. Purified integrin receptor: αvβ3 was purified from 293 cells overexpressing αvβ3 (Duong et al., J. Bone Min. Res., 8:S378, 1993) according to Pytela (Methods in Enzymology, 144:475, 1987) 12. Binding buffer: 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM Ca 2+ Mg 2 +, 0.5 mM PMSF 13 50 mM octylglucoside in binding buffer 50-OG buffer PROCEDURE 1 Pretreatment of SPA beads 500 mg of lyophihzed SPA beads were first washed four times with 200 ml of 50-OG buffer and once with 100 ml of binding buffer, and then resuspended in 12 5 ml of binding buffer 2 Preparation of SPA beads and receptor mixture In each assay tube, 2.5 μl (40 mg/ml) of pretreated beads were suspended 97.5 μl of binding buffer and 20 ml of 50-OG buffer 5 ml (-30 ng/μl) of punfied receptor was added to the beads m suspension with stirπng at room temperature for 30 minutes The mixture was then centnfuged at 2,500 φra in a Beckman GPR Benchtop centnfuge for 10 minutes at 4°C. The pellets were then resuspended in 50 μl of binding buffer and 25 μl of 50-OG buffer. 3 Reaction The following were sequentially added into Optiplate in coπesponding wells: (l) Receptor/beads mixture (75 μl) (n) 25 μl of each of the following, compound to be tested, binding buffer for total binding or A-8 for non-specific binding (final concentration 1 μM) (in) A-10 in binding buffer (25 μl, final concentration 40 pM) (IV) Binding buffer (125 μl) (v) Each plate was sealed with plate sealer from PACKARD and incubated overnight with rocking at 4°C 4 Plates were counted using PACKARD TOPCOUNT 5 % inhibition was calculated as follows- A = total counts B = nonspecific counts C = sample counts % inhibition = [{(A-B)-(C-B)}/(A-B)]/(A-B) x 100 Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and found to bind to human αvβ3 mtegnn These compounds were generally found to have IC50 values less than about 100 nM in the SPAV3 assay OCFORM ASSAY Osteoblast-hke cells (1.8 cells), originally deπved from mouse calvana, were plated in CORNING 24 well tissue culture plates in αMEM medium containing nbo- and deoxynbonucleosides, 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin- streptomycin. Cells were seeded at 40,000/well in the morning In the afternoon, bone maπow cells were prepared from six week old male Balb/C mice as follows- Mice were sacπficed, tibiae removed and placed in the above medium The ends were cut off and the maπow was flushed out of the cavity into a tube with a 1 mL synnge with a 27.5 gauge needle. The maπow was suspended by pipetting up and down. The suspension was passed through >100 mm nylon cell strainer. The resulting suspension was centπfuged at 350 x g for seven minutes. The pellet was resuspended, and a sample was diluted in 2% acetic acid to lyse the red cells. The remaining cells were counted m a hemacytometer. The cells were pelleted and resuspended at 1 x 10° " cells/mL 50 μL was added to each well of 1.8 cells to yield 50,000 cells/well and 1,25-dιhydroxy- vitamin D3 (D3) was added to each well to a final concentration of 10 nM. The cultures were incubated at 37°C in a humidified, 5% CO2 atmosphere. After 48 h, the medium was changed 72 h after the addition of bone maπow, test compounds were added with fresh medium containing D3 to quadruplicate wells. Compounds were added again after 48 h with fresh medium containing D3 After an additional 48 h., the medium was removed, cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline for 10 minutes at room temperature, followed by a 1-2 minute treatment with ethanol: acetone (1:1) and air dned. The cells were then stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase as follows: The cells were stained for 10-15 minutes at room temperature with 50 mM acetate buffer, pH 5.0 containing 30 mM sodium tartrate, 0.3 mg/rnL Fast Red Violet LB Salt and 0 1 mg/rnL Naphthol AS -MX phosphate After staining, the plates were washed extensively with deionized water and air dried. The number of multinucleated, positive staining cells was counted in each well SPAV5 ASSAY MATERIALS I. Wheat germ agglutin Scintillation Proximity Beads (SPA) Amersham 2 Octylglucopyranoside and Phorbo-12-mynstate-13-acetate (PMA)- Calbiochem 3. Tns-HCl, NaCl and CaCl 2 : Fisher 4. Minimum Essential Media (MEM). Gibco/BRL 5 Fetal bovine serum (FBS): Hyclone 6 MgCl 2 , MnCl 2 , and Phenylmethylsulfonylfluonde (PMSF): SIGMA 7. Protease inhibitor cocktail tablets: Boehπnger Mannheim. 8. Optιplate-96 wells: PACKARD 9. B-5 was used as radiolabeled ligand (specific activity 500-1000 Ci/mmole) and B θ (2.5 μM) was used to achieve 100% inhibition. 10. Test compound. II. HEK293 cells overexpressmg α v β 5 integnns (Simon et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29380-29389, 1997) are cultured in 150 mm dishes in 10% FBS/MEM media (Gibco/BRL). 12. Lysis buffer: 100 mM octylglucopyranoside, 50 mM Tns, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mM MgCl 2 0.5 mM PMSF and protease inhibitors (1 tablet/50 ml buffer). 13. Binding buffer: 50 mM Tns, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2 1 mM MgCl 2 and 1 mM MnCl 2 14. 50 mM octylglucopyranoside binding buffer: 50-OG buffer PROCEDURE: 1. αyβs-cell lysates: HEK 293 cells expressing α v β 5 integπns were cultured until confluent. Cells were then starved overnight in media containing 0.5% FBS, followed by treatment with lOOnM PMA for 20 mm. Cells were washed 2 times with cold phosphate buffer saline (4°C) and solubihzed in lysis buffer for 30 mm on ice. Lysates were claπfied using a Beckman JA-20 at 20,000 xg Protein concentration of clanfied lysates was determined using a micro BCA kit (Pierce) and stored in ahquots at 80 °C. Pretreatment of SPA beads: 500 mg of lyophihzed SPA beads were first washed four times with 200 ml of 50-OG buffer and once with 100 ml of binding buffer, and then resuspended in 12.5 ml of binding buffer. Preparation of SPAV5 binding reaction To each assay well, the following were sequentially added into Optiplate plates: (I) Binding buffer to make up final volume of 125 μl per well. (n) 3 μl (120 μg/well) of pretreated beads diluted with 22 μl of 50-OG Buffer (in) 15 μg of α v β 5 -cell lysate proteins. (IV) B-5 at 50,000 cpm. (v) 25 μl of graded concentrations of test compound. (vi) Each plate was sealed with plate sealer from PACKARD and incubated overnight with rocking at 4°C 4. Plates were counted using PACKARD TOPCOUNT rmcroplate scintillation counter. 5. % Inhibition was calculated as follows: A = total counts (binding of receptor to B-5) B = nonspecific counts (binding of receptor to B-5 in the presence of 2.5 μM cold ligand) C = counts from receptor binding to test compound % inhibition = [{(A-B)-(C-B)}/(A-B)]/(A-B) x 100 IC 50 of test compound was calculated as 50% of inhibition. Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and generally found to have IC50 values less than 1 μM in the SPAV5 assay. EXAMPLE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of any of the compounds of the present invention are formulated with sufficient finely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg to fill a size O hard gel capsule While the invention has been descnbed and illustrated in reference to certain prefeπed embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that vaπous changes, modifications and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the spiπt and scope of the invention For example, effective dosages other than the prefeπed doses as set forth here above may be applicable as a consequence of vaπations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for seventy of bone disorders caused by resoφtion, or for other indications for the compounds of the invention indicated above Likewise, the specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending upon the particular active compound selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical earners, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected vaπations or differences in the results are contemplated accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention It is intended, therefore, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims which follow and that such claims be inteφreted as broadly as is reasonable

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A compound of the Formula (I) (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of Y ιs CH2; O; or NRl; each Rl is independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl and each non-aromatic πng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or two R 2 substituents and each aromatic πng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one R 2 substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, Cf-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl, C3.8 cycloheteroalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-6 alkyl, ammo, amιno-Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamιno-Cι_6 alkyl, (Ci -6 alkyl) ι_2 ammo, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 amino, (Ci-6 alkyl) 1-2 amino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci -6 alkoxy, Cf-4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy-Ci-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, tnfluoromethoxy, tnfluoroethoxy, Ci-8 alkyl-S(O)θ-2. (Cl-8 alkyl)θ-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-8 alkyloxycarbonylammo, (Cf-8 alkyl) 1-2 am ocarbonyloxy, (aryl Ci-3 alkyl) 1-2 ammo, (aryl) 1 -2 ammo, aryl-Ci-3 alkylsulfonylamino, and Ci-8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two R 2 substituents, when on the same non-aromatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, or two R2 substituents, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, join to form a 4- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocychc nng; R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or Ci-6 alkoxy; R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl; or R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R and R are not simultaneously hydrogen; R7 IS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of (1) phenyl, (2) naphthyl, (3) pyπdyl, (4) furyl, (5) thienyl, (6) pyrrolyl, (7) oxazolyl, (8) thiazolyl, (9) lmidazolyl, (10) pyrazolyl, (11) isoxazolyl, (12) isothiazolyl, (13) pyπmidinyl, (14) pyrazinyl, (15) pyridazinyl, (16) tetrazolyl, (17) quinolyl, (18) isoquinolyl, (19) benzimidazolyl, (20) benzofuryl, (21) benzothienyl, (22) indolyl, (23) benzthiazolyl, (24) benzoxazolyl, (25) dihydrobenzofuryl, (26) benzo(l,3)dioxolanyl, (27) benzo(l,4)dioxanyl, (28) quinazolyl, (29) quinoxalyl, and (30) 3,4-dihydro-2HJ,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl; wherein the aryl group as defined above in items (1) to (30) is unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydroxy-Ci-6 alkyl, halogen, C -8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino-Cι_6 alkyl, Cι_6 alkylamino, di(Ci-6)alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, di(Cι_ 6)alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, Ci-4 alkylsulfmyl, Cι_4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι_3 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lJJ-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, and nitro; or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose ring carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Ci-3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substituted- pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R° is hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl. The compound of Claim 1 wherein X is R3 IS hydroxy and R5 is hydrogen or R5 is hydroxy and R3 is hydrogen, or R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen; R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and R 2 , R7 and R& are as defined m Claim 1. 3. The compound of Claim 2 wherein R7 IS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyπdyl, quinolyl, pyπmidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyndazinyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dιhydro-2H-l,4-dιoxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydroxy-Ci-6 alkyl, halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl. ammo, ammo-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylammo-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, dι(Ci-6)alkylammo, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, dι(Ci-6)alkylammo-Ci-6 alkyl, Cμ4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, Ci-4 alkylsulfmyl, Cι_4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι_3 alkoxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, 1JJ- tnfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, tπfluoroethoxy, and nitro, or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated πng containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose nng carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Ci-3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substιtuted-pyndιn-3- yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdm-3-yl nng is other than methoxy. 4 The compound of Claim 3 wherein R7 IS quinolyl, pyπdyl, or pyπmidinyl; unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Cι_3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, tnfluoromethyl, lJJ-tnfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, and tπfluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substιtuted-pyπdιn-3- yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdιn-3-yl πng is other than methoxy. 5. The compound of Claim 4 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, ammo, Ci-4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl Cι_3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylamino, Ci alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (C -6 alkyl)i-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. 6. The compound of Claim 5 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylamino, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. 7. The compound of Claim 2 having the formula (II): (ID or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is R3 is hydroxy and R5 is hydrogen or R5 IS hydroxy and R3 IS hydrogen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen, R 2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, or cyclopropylmethylamino; R7 is quinolyl, pyndyl, or pyπmidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Cι_4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, tnfluoromethyl, and tnfluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-substιtuted-pyπdιn-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyndm-3-yl πng is other than methoxy; and R8 IS hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. 8. The compound of Claim 2 having the formula (HI): (III) or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, wherein X is 9. The compound of Claim 8 wherein R7 IS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyπdyl, quinolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl; wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from hydroxy, hydroxy Ci-6 alkyl, halogen, C -8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino Cι_6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, di(Ci-6)alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, di(Cι_6)alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, Cι_4 alkylsulfinyl, Ci-4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-4 alkoxy Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl Cι_6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lJJ-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, and nitro; or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose ring carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Cι_3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy. 10. The compound of Claim 9 wherein R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, C14. alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lJJ-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3- yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy. 11. The compound of Claim 10 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl Cι_3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylamino, Ci-4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Ci-6 alkyl)ι_2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. 12. The compound of Claim 11 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylamino, C 1 alkyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. 13. The compound of Claim 8 having the formula (HI): (m) or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, wherein X is R 2 is hydrogen, Cι_4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C -3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. 14. The compound of Claim 2 having the formula (IV): (IV) or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, wherein X is 15. The compound of Claim 14 wherein R is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalenyl; wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from hydroxy, hydroxy Cι_6 alkyl, halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, Cι_3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, di(Ci-6)alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, di(Ci-6)alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Cι_4 alkylthio, Ci-4 alkylsulfinyl, Ci-4 alkylsulfonyl, C1 alkoxy Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-3 alkoxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lJJ-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, and nitro; or two adjacent substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached join to form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, whose ring carbon atoms may be substituted with oxo or Ci-3 alkyl; with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and aryl is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy. 16. The compound of Claim 15 wherein R7 is quinolyl, pyπdyl, or pyπmidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Cι_4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, dι(Ci-3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, tπfluoromethyl, lJJ-tπfluoroethyl, tπfluoromethoxy, and trifluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substιtuted-pyndm-3- yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyπdιn-3-yl nng is other than methoxy. 17. The compound of Claim 16 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino, Ci-4 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkyl-Cθ-2 alkylamino cyano, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, aryl C ι_3 alkyl, Ci-4 acylamino, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Ci-6 alkyl) i-2 aminocarbonyl, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl, tπfluoromethyl, and tπfluoromethoxy. 18. The compound of Claim 17 wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylmethylamino, C 1-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. 19. The compound of Claim 14 having the formula (IV): (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is R 2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci_4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl. 20. The compound of Claim 3 selected from the group consisting of: 3-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7.8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-hydroxyN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-ρyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-7-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)N-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(Qumolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acιd; 3(R)-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Qumolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(Qumolm-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Qumolιn-3-yl)-5-hydroxyN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(6-Ethoxy-pyndm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(6-Ethoxy-pyndιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Ethoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(6-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methylpyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methylpyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylpyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Isopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Isopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2Jsopropyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-tert-Butyl-pyrirnidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-tert-Butyl-ρyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(Qumoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quιnoxahn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc 3(S)-(Quιnoxahn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(2-Methyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3- b]azepm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3- b]azepm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2,3-Dιhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2,3-Dιhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 9-(6-Methylammo-pyndιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-9-(6-Methylamιno-pyndιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pynmιdm-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-9-(6-Methylamιno-pyndιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 9-(2-Ammo-3,5-dιmethylpyπdm-6-yl)- 3-(2-methoxypyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid; 9-(2,4-Dιamιnopynmιdm-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(Pyrazm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(Pyrazιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Pyrazιn-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrazιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrazm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(5-Methoxy-pyndιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(5-Methoxy-pyndm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(5-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyndo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vmyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndιn-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-ρyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3-(Quιnohn-3-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quιnolm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dιmethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(6-Methoxy-pyndm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyndm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyndm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3-(2-Dιmethylamιno-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2- yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Dιmethylammo-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, and 3(S)-(2-Dimethylamino-pynmidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 21. The compound of Claim 20 selected from the group consisting of 3(R)-(Pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naρhthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid, 3(R)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Cyclopropyl-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdm- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)N-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naρhthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]- naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methylpyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [l,8] naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Methylpyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [l,8] naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1,8] naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8] naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2Jsopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2Jsopropyl-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-tert-Butyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quinoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quinoxalin-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-ρyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-9-(6-Methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-9-(6-Methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pynmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3-b]azepιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(Pyrazm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(Pyrazm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrazιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrazιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyπdazm-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdm-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyndazιn-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methylammo-pyπmιdm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(2-Methylammo-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyπdιn- 2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, 3(R)-(3,4-Dιhydro-2H-lJ-dιoxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyndιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(S)-(3,4-Dιhydro-2H-l,4-dιoxa-5-aza-naphthalen-7-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyπdιn-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidm-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(5-Methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(5-Methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]azepin- 2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-vinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(Quinolin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dimethyl-9-(5,6,7,8Jetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-7,7-dimethyl-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(6-Methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [ 1 ,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(6-Methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(R)-(2-Dimethylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; and 3(S)-(2-Dimethylamino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 22. The compound of Claim 21 selected from the group consisting of: 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]- naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Ethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3- b]azepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid; and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridin-2- yl)-nonanoic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 23. The compound of Claim 22 which is 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)- nonanoic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 24. The compound of Claim 22 which is 3(S)-(2-Methoxy-pynmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyπdo[2,3- b]azepm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 25. The compound of Claim 22 which is 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyπmιdιn-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,8]- naphthyπdm-2-yl)-nonanoιc acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 26. A pharmaceutical composition compπsmg a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner. 27 The composition of Claim 26 which further compnses an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) a cytotoxic/antiprohferative agent, e) a matπx metalloproteinase inhibitor, f) an inhibitor of epidermal-deπved, fibroblast-deπved, or platelet- deπved growth factors, g) an inhibitor of VEGF, h) an antibody to a growth factor or a growth factor receptor, l) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, Tck/Tιe-2, or Tιe-1, j) a cathepsm K inhibitor, k) a growth hormone secretagogue, 1) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase, m) an inhibitor of urokmase plasmmogen activator, n) a tumor-specific antιbody-mterleukιn-2 fusion protein, o) an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and p) a farnesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, and mixtures thereof. 28 The composition of Claim 27 wherein said active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) a cathepsm K inhibitor, e) an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and f) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase; and mixtures thereof. 29. The composition of Claim 28 wherein said organic bisphosphonate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof is alendronate monosodium tnhydrate. 30 A method of eliciting an αv mtegnn receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, compπsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1. 31. The method of Claim 30 wherein αv the integπn receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect. 32. The method of Claim 31 wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of bone resoφtion, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, inflammatory arthπtis, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth. 33 The method of Claim 32 wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resoφtion 34 A method of treating or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1 35 A method of eliciting an αv integnn receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 26 36 A method of treating or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an αv integπn receptor in a mammal m need thereof, compnsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 26 37 A method of inhibiting bone resoφtion in a mammal in need thereof, compπsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 26 38 A method of inhibiting bone resoφtion m a mammal in need thereof, compπsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 28 39 A method of treating or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 26 40 A method of treating tumor growth in a mammal m need thereof, compnsing administeπng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 26 41 A method of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing admmistenng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1 in combination with radiation therapy

Inventors: BRESLIN MICHAEL J, COLEMAN PAUL J, DUGGAN MARK E, HALCZENKO WASYL, HARTMAN GEORGE D, HUTCHINSON JOHN H, MEISSNER ROBERT S, PATANE MICHAEL A, PERKINS JAMES J, WANG JIABING, BRESLIN, MICHAEL, J., COLEMAN, PAUL, J., DUGGAN, MARK, E., HALCZENKO, WASYL, HARTMAN, GEORGE, D., HUTCHINSON, JOHN, H., MEISSNER, ROBERT, S., PATANE, MICHAEL, A., PERKINS, JAMES, J., WANG, JIABING
Applicants: BRESLIN MICHAEL J, COLEMAN PAUL J, DUGGAN MARK E, HALCZENKO WASYL, HARTMAN GEORGE D, HUTCHINSON JOHN H, MEISSNER ROBERT S, MERCK & CO INC, PATANE MICHAEL A, PERKINS JAMES J, WANG JIABING, BRESLIN, MICHAEL, J., COLEMAN, PAUL, J., DUGGAN, MARK, E., HALCZENKO, WASYL, HARTMAN, GEORGE, D., HUTCHINSON, JOHN, H., MEISSNER, ROBERT, S., MERCK & CO., INC., PATANE, MICHAEL, A., PERKINS, JAMES, J., WANG, JIABING
Application year: 2000
Main classification: A61K
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P9, A61P17, A61P19, A61P27, A61P29, A61P31, A61P35, A61P43, C07D213, C07D221, C07D223, C07D239, C07D241, C07D265, C07D401, C07D471, C07D519