Tracking agent call processing locations in connection with an automatic call distribution system

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining and tracking the locations of agents using wireless units to process calls directed through an automatic call distribution system. Based on signals with different cells or based on independent navigation information, locations of wireless units can be monitored and stored for later analysis. In addition, location information can be compared to an agent location schedule to determine adherence and provide adherence reports.

Description: BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY The present invention relates to tracking agent call processing locations, in connection with an automatic call distribution system, particularly in a wireless agent environment. Automatic call distribution systems are typically used to distribute telephone calls and other communications among a group of agents of an organization as set forth in documents EP-A-0905956, US-A-5327144 and US-A-5841854. Automatic call distributor (ACD) systems may be used to distribute calls under any of a number of different formats. In a first instance, the term "call" may be used to refer to a request for communication received from (or placed through) a public switched telephone network (PSTN). A call may also be a voice path based upon packet data transferred through the Internet using web telephony. Alternatively, a call may be any communication such as an e-mail, a facsimile, video, web-site inquiry received through the Internet, etc. Thus, "ACD systems" are transaction processing systems which typically handle one or more of a wide variety of these "call" types. Often the organization disseminates a single telephone number, URL or e-mail address to its customers and to the public in general as a means of contacting the organization. As calls are directed to the organization from the PSTN or Internet, the automatic call distribution system directs the calls to its agents using some assignment algorithm, typically based upon availability. For example, where all agents are considered equal, the ACD may distribute the calls based upon which agent position has been idle the longest. In order to distribute calls, the ACD system is typically provided with at least two routing mechanisms for establishing call paths between callers and agents. A first path may be established from the PSTN to a telephone of the agent using a matrix switch of the ACD. Alternatives to calls received through the PSTN includes a call received through a computer network such as the Internet, e.g. as a request for Internet telephony, as e-mail or as an inquiry from a visitor to a website maintained by the organization owning the ACD system. Typically, a controlling computer interacts with a switching fabric to distribute incoming calls from an external communications network including, for example, public telephone networks, internet networks and other communications networks. For traditional telephone calls, a connection to the external network may be in the form of a number of trunk connections. Each of the trunk connections is monitored by the controller for incoming calls. When a call is detected, the controller searches for and selects an idle agent, and commands the switch to form a connection between the incoming trunk and the selected agent. In other systems, the organization may use a number of telephone numbers to identify different individuals or functions within the organization. Each telephone number may be assigned to a particular incoming trunk or group of incoming trunk lines. The controller may be required to recognize a call target based on the identity of an incoming trunk line, and to route the call accordingly. In other systems, a call target may be identified to the ACD by a signal transferred from the external network. This may be an automatic signal or one based on input from the caller in response to a recorded choice of options. It may be important for an agent to have ready access to customer files in systems associated with service organizations, where many calls are received and handled by many agents. A database may be maintained of existing customer files, which may be displayed on agent terminals as the agents converse with specific customers. In some cases, the agent may enter a customer identifier into a keyboard associated with the terminal, to identify a customer to the database for display of records on the terminal. Alternatively, the ACD controller may transfer a customer identifier to the database based on a signal transferred from the external network. When the ACD controller transfers a call to a selected agent, the controller may send a customer identifier and a unit identifier of the selected agent to a database. The customer file can be displayed on a computer monitor of the selected agent when the call is delivered. As a further feature, calls may be transferred among agents. If a first agent cannot help a particular customer, the agent may activate a key on a keyboard of the agent and enter the identity of another agent or agent group better able to help the customer. The ACD controller may connect the call to the newly identified agent, or place the call in a queue until the identified agent becomes available. A message can be sent to the database identifying the previous and newly identified agents, and the customer file can be displayed at the terminal of the newly identified agent. Increasingly, agents will be utilizing wireless technology which allows them to process calls without being tied to a hard-wired location. An external caller can be connected to an agent operating a wireless unit, which may provide for voice communication, data communications, or both. In this new wireless agent environment, there is a need to be able to identify the location of an agent processing a call. Agents may be processing calls at different locations within a physical facility of an organization and may be changing location during a single call, possibly depending on the nature of the call. Agents may be processing calls at different physical facilities of an organization, or possibly away from any physical facility of the organization. Supervisors and call center administrators need to be able to monitor agent location, and the information needs to be stored in a database for preparation of reports and later analysis. Such agent location information may be useful simply to locate an agent quickly. It may be useful to ensure quality call processing, in the event that an agent is processing calls in an undesirable environment - such as one with high noise, frequent background noise, or other distractions. It may be useful to identify the best places for agents to be located based on where they tend to move to respond to particular types of calls. Navigation technology and technology concerning the selection of the best wireless signal can be applied to automatically determining the locations of agents using wireless units to process calls. That location information can be stored as part of a transaction management database system. That information can be monitored real time, and reports can be generated to track where calls were handled as well as the movement of agents during calls. The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth below with particularity in the appended claims. The invention, together with further advantages thereof, may be understood by reference to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which illustrate some embodiments of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an example of an automatic call distributor and wireless controller (ACD-WC) system connected with external units, agent wireless units (W.U.), a database, and data terminals for monitoring. Figure 2 shows an example of a message format suitable for storing agent location information. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an automatic call distribution system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. An ACD-WC system 10 is shown in connection with an external network 2 through which it can be connected to calls from external units 1 . The external network may be any type of communications network, for example, public voice telephone network, internet network, LAN, WAN, or other voice and/or data network. The external calls can be any type of communications, wired or wireless including but not limited to public telephone, facsimile, internet data or voice communications, e-mail, voicemail or other data communications. In the illustrated example of Fig. 1, these external calls may be directed via a plurality of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M to different agents of the organization operating wireless units 4A, ...4N. A database 5 stores a variety of information. For example, it may store customer files which an agent may need in processing a call. That data may, in one embodiment, be transmitted to and displayed by one of the wireless units 4A, ...4N to which the call is directed. Database 5 may also store call records and agent location information. Data terminals 6 may connect with database 5 and with ACD-WC system 10. Data terminals 6 in one embodiment, provide a system interface for supervisory and call center administrator monitoring of real time information including current agent location. They also may permit programming operations in ACD-WC system 10 . Functionally, the exemplary ACD-WC system 10 of Fig. 1 has multiport switching capability controlled by a computer controller in conjunction with peripheral memory. The switching capability may optionally include an analog or digital telephone switching circuit and/or circuitry to control switching of any other types of analog or digital communications including but not limited to facsimile, voice mail, e-mail, voice over IP, video, video over IP, other internet communications, etc. Calls from external units 1 via external network 2 may be directed to wireless units 4A, ...4N based on some algorithm. In one embodiment, data such as call records and the locations of wireless units 4A, ...4N can be routed to database 5 , and data such as customer files can be retrieved from database 5 and routed to a wireless unit 4A, ...4N with an associated call. Control of the switching and communications with database 5 and external exchange 2 may, for example, be accomplished generally as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,268,903 and 5,140,611, both to Jones et al. Routing of calls to agents may be accomplished, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,335,269 to Steinlicht, U.S. Pat. No. 5,365,581 to Baker et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,327 to Dezonno. In the embodiment of Figure 1 , all calls are routed to wireless units 4A, ... 4N . There are other embodiments such as those in which some agents use hard-wired units to process calls, or in which some calls are routed by wireless transmission to a remote ACD system which connects the calls with agents using hard-wired units to process calls. However, it is the mobility of wireless units which creates the need for determining an agent's location. As stated above, the example ACD-WC system 10 of Fig. 1 has multiport switching capability controlled by a computer controller in conjunction with peripheral memory. In some embodiments, ACD-WC system 10 can comprise an integrated switching fabric. In other embodiments, there may be separate components which interface to create ACD-WC system 10. For example, there can be an automatic call distributor and a separate wireless controller (with a switching matrix, a controller, memory, and transceiver circuitry) connected to cells 3A , 3B , ... 3M . In some embodiments, there can be analog transmission links between separate components, and there can be digital transmission links in other embodiments. A T-1 line is an example of a digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Megabits per second. In one embodiment, all of the voice communication and data transmission may be time division multiplexed, permitting the transmission of a plurality of signals via a common route by using different time intervals for the transmission of the intelligence of each signal. In some embodiments, there can be separate multiplexing equipment which can interface with other components to create ACD-WC system 10. Multiplexing can be part of the integrated architecture of ACD-WC system 10 in other embodiments. If multiplexing is used, then wireless units 4A, ...4N also include multiplexing equipment. In some embodiments, voice communication and data transmission can be routed together, and in other embodiments they can be routed separately. For example, data can be transmitted between an automatic call distributor and a separate wireless controller over a local area network (LAN), but voice over LAN capability (known in the art) enables routing data and voice communications together. In another example, an automatic call distributor may be linked to a wireless data controller for data transmission (such as through a Radiolan BL208 transceiver and Radiolan P101 antenna for use with a computer terminal data device), and linked to a separate wireless controller (such as an Ericsson DCT 1900) for voice communications. The Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) standard developed in Europe also permits wireless data transmission as well as voice communication. In some embodiments having separate voice and data transmissions, the locations of wireless units 4A, ...4N can be determined using one of the two types of transmissions, and the other type of transmission can efficiently track the first type. For example, data associated with a particular type of call (such as multi-media or computer/telephony integration) may need to reach an agent moving through different locations. As a voice/internet protocol switches between cells 3A, 3B, ...3M, that information can be used to instruct the data path to follow the agent through different cell sites. Any known wireless transmission technology may be used. For example, fixed frequency modulation (i.e. using a single frequency) may be used. Another embodiment may utilize a data IP packet transmission modulation method (e.g. for phones connecting over a wireless voice over IP network). In another desirable embodiment the wireless transmissions use spread spectrum broadcast technology. This embodiment requires ACD-WC system 10 and wireless units 4A , ...4N to include spread spectrum modulation capability. Spread spectrum is a modulation technique in which information is spread over a much wider bandwidth than the frequency content of the original information, and enables the transmission to be less dependent on the natural characteristics and other interference in the original narrower band. In some embodiments, there can be a plurality of interconnected automatic call distributors and wireless controllers. Some can be located in different geographic locations. They may be interconnected, for example, by private integrated services digital network (ISDN) lines (e.g., leased lines, virtual private lines, microwave links, etc.). Similarly, they may be connected with database 5 through an appropriate data link (e.g., leased lines, virtual private lines, microwave link, the Internet, digital packet switching, etc.). It is often desirable for wireless units 4A, ...4N to have both voice and data capability (e.g. Internet capable). This can be separate wireless telephones and wireless data terminals in some embodiments. It can be a common transceiver into which a telephone and separate data terminal can be interfaced in other embodiments, and there can be totally integrated wireless units in still other embodiments. It is also preferable for the agent to be able not only to monitor data, but to input data as well, which may be valuable in many applications in which customer files are modified as a result of a call. As mentioned above, it is preferable for the wireless units 4A, ...4N to include time division multiplexing and spread spectrum capability. In some embodiments, cells 3A, 3B, ...3M can be located over a relatively large geographic area as with standard cellular telephony. In other embodiments, cells 3A, 3B, ...3M can be located within a much smaller geographic area with high telephone traffic density. An example of the latter is the Ericsson Freeset Business Wireless Telephone System. With technology commonly used today in connection with cellular telephones, signal strengths and/or signal clarity between one of wireless units 4A, ...4N and different cells 3A, 3B, ...3M can be compared and the closest of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M can be determined. One of the known ways in which signal clarity may be measured is by examining the integrity of a known data test sequence which is transmitted. One of wireless units 4A, ...4N can search assigned frequencies to determine which of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M has the strongest and/or the clearest signal. Such comparison can be done on a continual basis, since the closest of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M will change as that one of wireless units 4A, ...4N moves. Information indicative of the cell 3A, 3B, ...3M closest to a particular one of wireless units 4A, ...4N can be obtained by that one of wireless units 4A, ...4N and transmitted to ACD-WC system 10. Such information also can be obtained by comparing signals received at the different cells 3A, 3B, ... 3M from a particular one of wireless units 4A, ... 4N. In some embodiments, the known locations of the different cells 3A, 3B, ...3M are all within a relatively small geographic area, such as within the immediate vicinity of a single physical facility. In such a case, the identity of which of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M is closest to a particular one of wireless units 4A, ...4N may sufficiently identify the location of the agent. For example, that cell identity may indicate a particular room in a physical facility. In other embodiments, an agent's location may be determined by triangulation, such as by using the strength of signals between one of wireless units 4A, ...4N and a plurality of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M. Received signal strength correlates with distance from a signal source of known power output. Since the locations of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M are known, and the power output of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M and of wireless units 4A, ...4N are also known, the distance between one of wireless units 4A, ...4N and each of a plurality of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M can be determined. The location of that one of wireless units 4A, ...4N can then be determined by triangulation. In other embodiments, wireless units 4A, ...4N can transmit information indicative of their locations, which is derived independently of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M. For example, position information can be derived from signals transmitted from other points which are known or ascertainable. In one such embodiment, wireless units 4A, ...4N may be equipped with a navigation system such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). In some embodiments, a system such as a GPS system can be supplemented by an inertial navigation system which allows dead reckoning from a given position (such as a GPS determined position), with the possible use of a gyroscope and/or accelerometers. In still other embodiments where there are many wireless units 4A, ...4N in a single large enclosure, communication can be accomplished with infrared signals. Regardless of how it is determined, the location of one of wireless units 4A, ...4N can be represented by a location code. For example, in some embodiments, that code can be an identifier of the closest of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M. In some embodiments, that code can reference a point or an area on a map grid. Just as an ACD controller executes a sequence of database commands for placing other call processing information in a database, the location of wireless units 4A, ...4N can be stored. For example, in one embodiment, the location may be stored to an event table in database 5. Figure 2 shows an example of an applicable message format. The illustrated example format shows fields for an activity code (Act. Code), a call identifier (Call #), a unit identifier (Unit #), a timestamp (Time), and a location code (Loc. Code). Examples of activities generating messages can be events such as call arrival (CA) at one of wireless units 4A, ... 4N , call established (CE) - e.g., agent answers call or call continues at new location, call cleared (CC), enter cell (EC) and leave cell (LC) - as the closest cell changes. In the illustrated example of Fig. 2, a call identifier can be assigned by a controller in ACD-WC system 10 before a call is routed to an agent. A unit identifier can be pre-programmed for each of wireless units 4A, ...4N to identify where a call is routed, or to where it is transferred if a first agent transfers a call to another agent. The timestamp can be useful for compiling reports concerning the length of time a particular agent, or agents in general, spend in different locations. In an embodiment mentioned above, the identity of the closest of cells 3A, 3B, ...3M may sufficiently identify the location of the agent in the immediate vicinity of a physical facility. An example of a typical scenario could include the third incoming call at 9:01 a.m. on the 45th day of 1999. It was directed to wireless unit #56 in cell site A at 9:01 a.m., which was answered at 9:02. The agent moved through cell site B at 9:03, and into cell site C at 9:04, and transferred the call to wireless unit #78 in cell site D at 9:08. The first agent returned to cell site A at 9:09, and the second agent terminated the call at 9:13. The following series of messages could be generated to reflect such a scenario. The different codes and identifiers could be entered in appropriate fields in an event table in database 5 : Act.Code Call # Unit # Time Loc.Code CA 19990450901003 56 0901 A CE 19990450901003 56 0902 A LC 19990450901003 56 0903 A EC 19990450901003 56 0903 B CE 19990450901003 56 0903 B LC 19990450901003 56 0904 B EC 19990450901003 56 0904 C CE 19990450901003 56 0904 C CC 19990450901003 56 0908 C CA 19990450901003 78 0908 D CE 19990450901003 78 0908 D LC - 56 0909 C EC - 56 0909 A CC 19990450901003 78 0913 D In some embodiments, an agent's location can be regularly stored in an event table in database 5. This information can be monitored in real time at data terminals 6 which may connect with database 5 and with ACD-WC system 10. Reports, based on information in ACD-WC system 10 and/or database 5, also can be generated to track where calls are handled as well as the movement of agents. In other embodiments a schedule can be generated and stored which establishes a plan for the location of one or more staff members during their shifts. For example, a schedule could comprise a table providing the locations, start time and stop time for each location for staff members for a particular day (e.g. a staff member may be scheduled to be in different locations as the day progresses). In one embodiment of the invention, the schedule information can be compared to the location information to detect deviation from the schedule. If a staff member does not adhere to the schedule, a location deviation display can show any deviations, such as on the data terminal 6. This display may include real-time display of location deviations and/or other location information. From this display, a Supervisor can determine when a staff member is in a location deviation state and can take appropriate action (e.g. call or visit the staff member to determine the cause). Written deviation reports can also be generated. In an alternative embodiment, the system 10 can compare location data to the schedule to detect a deviation and an alarm (e.g. flashing a deviation message on a display) can be generated to alert the supervisor. In the embodiment of Figure 1, database 5 is shown separately from ACD-WC system 10. In other embodiments, appropriate computer memory can be integrated into the architecture of ACD-WC system 10 . The embodiments discussed and/or shown in the figures are examples. They are not exclusive ways to practice the present invention, and it should be understood that there is no intent to limit the invention by such disclosure. Rather, it is intended to cover all modifications and alternative constructions and embodiments that fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims: Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.

Claims: A method of tracking and reporting agent location information in an automatic call distributor (ACD) system having one or more agents operating wireless communication units (4A-4N) to process calls directed through the ACD system to one of said agents, the method comprising: determining location information for one or more wireless communication units (4A-4N) operated by said agents in connection with an incoming call directed to an agent, the location information corresponding to information about the current location of the agents operating the respective wireless communication units; storing at least a portion of said location information in association with a call identifier assigned by a controller of the ACD system to the incoming call before the call is routed to the agent; reporting at least a portion of said location information for at least one wireless communication unit (4A-4N), so as to monitor where calls are or have been handled by said agents as well as the movements of said agents. The method of claim 1, comprising providing the distributor (ACD) system with a wireless system having a plurality of cells (3A-3M) of known location. The method of claim 2, comprising providing the distributor (ACD) system with a wireless system having a plurality of cells (3A-3M) of known location and wherein the determining step comprises identifying the cell (3A-3M) whose transceiver means provide the strongest signal among the signals transmitted by respective transceiver means of said plurality of cells (3A-3M). The method of claim 2, wherein the determining step comprises examining signals which are transmitted by transceiver means of different cells of the plurality of cells (3A-3M) and received by at least one agent wireless unit (4A-4N). The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step comprises utilizing GPS signals to determine at least a portion of the location information. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of reporting comprises providing said location information to a real time information display. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of reporting comprises generating an alarm in response to the location information deviating from a schedule. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the storing step includes entry of data in a table with fields for at least two of a) an activity code, b) a call identifier, c) a wireless unit identified, and d) a location code. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of reporting a location of a wireless communication unit (4A-4N) based on the stored information. The method according to any of the claims 2-9, wherein the determining step comprises determining at least a portion of said location information from position information transmitted by the agent's wireless unit (4A-4N) which is derived independently of the cells. The method of claim 10 wherein the determining step further comprises deriving the position information from navigation system signals transmitted from points of ascertainable locations. The method of claim 10 wherein the determining step further comprises deriving the position information at least partially from an inertial navigation system. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of maintaining historical location information and identifying desirable wireless communication unit locations for identified tasks based upon the historical location information. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one wireless unit is provided so as to handle voice and at least one to handle data communications and further comprising the step of determining location information separately for voice and data communications. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of comparing said location information to an agent location schedule and detecting deviation of wireless communication unit location from the scheduled agent location. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of reporting comprises providing wireless communication unit location information and other wireless communication unit information to a database report. The method of claim 1, comprising storing location information for data separate from voice location information for at least a portion of any data transmitted. An apparatus for tracking and reporting location information of wireless communication units (4A-4N) operated by respective agents in an automatic call distribution (ACD) system including a wireless system having at least one wireless communication unit (4A-4N) and using at least one cell (3A-3M), comprising: means (10) for determining wireless communication unit location information for one or more of the wireless communication units (4A-4N) in connection with an incoming call directed through the ACD system to an agent, the location information corresponding to information about the location of the agents operating the respective wireless communication units (4A-4N); means (5) for storing at least a portion of the wireless communication unit location information in association with a call identifier assigned by a controller of the ACD system to the incoming call before the call is routed to the agent; and means for reporting wireless communication unit location information for at least one wireless communication unit (4A-4N), so as to monitor where calls are or have been handled as well as the movements of said agents. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the distribution (ACD) system includes a wireless system having a plurality of cells (3A-3M) of known location. The apparatus of claims 18 or 19, wherein the wireless communication units utilize spread spectrum modulation. The apparatus of claims 18 or 19, wherein the wireless communications units utilized fixed frequency modulation. The apparatus of claims 18 or 19, wherein the wireless communications units utilized a data IP packet transmission modulation.

Inventors: BAKER DANIEL F, DEZONNO ANTHONY J, POWER MARK J, SHAMBAUGH CRAIG R, BAKER, DANIEL F., DEZONNO, ANTHONY J., POWER, MARK J., SHAMBAUGH, CRAIG R.
Applicants: ROCKWELL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, ROCKWELL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE CORPORATION
Application year: 2000
Main classification: H04Q7
IPC codes: H04M3, H04B7, H04W60, H04W8