Hard butter composition and its production

Abstract: A hard butter composition comprising 50 to 80% by weight of SUS type triglycerides, less than 2% by weight of SSS type triglycerides and at least 1% by weight of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester (wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are substantially palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues and the U's are unsaturated fatty acid residues which are substantially C16 and/or C18 unsaturated fatty acids). The composition further comprises SSU type triglycerides in an amount of at least 15% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides. The hard butter composition is a non-tempering type hard butter composition having good meltability in the mouth, which is free from trans acids and lauric acid. A process for producing the hard butter composition is also described.

Description: The present invention relates to a hard butter composition and its production. Hard butter used in chocolate is divided into two types, i.e., tempering type and non-tempering type, according to need for a tempering step. Tempering type hard butter contains SUS (1,3-disaturated-2-unsaturared) type triglycerides as its main component and has sharp and good meltability in the mouth. However, tempering type hard butter shows polymorphism, which requires a tempering step, and uses thereof are restricted. As non-tempering type hard butter which does not require a tempering step, trans acid type hard butter whose main component is trans type unsaturated fatty acids, and lauric acid type hard butter whose main component is lauric fatty acids are known. Among these, trans acid type hard butter has sharp meltability in the mouth. However, it has an inferior flavor due to hydrogenation. In addition, recently, an adverse influence on health by trans fatty acids has been reported. Lauric acid type hard butter does not suit cocoa butter. Further, lauric acid type hard butter causes a soapy flavor and this is problematic. Accordingly, it is desired to develop a non-tempering type hard butter which is of non-trans acid/non-lauric acid type and has good meltability in the mouth. Recently, non-tempering type hard butter which is a non-trans acid/non-lauric acid type hard butter has been proposed. For example, JP-B 3-78440, JP-B 8-16234 and JP-A 6-14717 propose a hard butter composition comprising as a main component SSU (1,2-disaturated-3-unsaturated) type triglycerides. JP-A 5-211837 proposes a hard butter composition in which SUS type triglycerides as a main component are compounded with SSU type triglycerides. However, these compositions use SSU type triglycerides which are produced by enzymatic interesterification and are expensive. Also, JP-A 9-285255 proposes a hard butter composition in which SUS type triglycerides as a main component are compounded with SSU type triglycerides produced by random interesterification. However, chocolate produced using a large amount of this composition has inferior meltability in the mouth because a large amount of SSS (trisaturated) type triglycerides are contained in this composition. An object of the present invention is to provide a non-tempering type hard butter composition having good meltability in the mouth, which is free from trans acids and lauric acid. This object as well as other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description. As a result of the inventors' intensive study, it has been found that a fraction obtained by solvent fractionation of palm medium melting point fraction (PMF) to remove high melting point and low melting point fractions therefrom is rich in PPO and POP components and has less PPP component (wherein P is palmitic acid residue and O is oleic acid residue). It has also been found that a hard butter composition of non-trans acid type/non-lauric acid type, which does not require a tempering step, and has the same or better meltability in the mouth and the same immiscibility with cocoa butter in comparison with conventional non-tempering type hard butter can be obtained by addition of 1% or more of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester to the above fraction. Thus, the present invention has been completed. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a hard butter composition which comprises 50 to 80% by weight of SUS type triglycerides based on the composition, less than 2% by weight of SSS type triglycerides based on the composition, at least 1% by weight of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester based on the composition, and SSU type triglycerides in an amount of at least 15% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides, wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are substantially palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues and the U's are unsaturated fatty acid residues which are substantially C16 and/or C18 unsaturated fatty acids. The present invention also provides a process for producing the hard butter composition. Hard Butter Composition The SUS type triglycerides used in the present invention are 1,3-disaturated-2-unsaturated triglycerides, wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are substantially palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues and the U's are unsaturated fatty acid residues which are substantially C16 and/or C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of the SUS type triglycerides include 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerin (POP), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerin (POSt, St is a stearic acid residue) and 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleolyl glycerin (StOSt). The SSS type triglycerides used in the present invention are trisaturated triglycerides, wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are substantially palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues. Examples of the SSS type triglycerides include tripalmitin (PPP) and tristearin (StStSt). The SSU type triglycerides used in the present invention are 1,2-disaturated-3-unsaturated triglycerides, wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are substantially palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues and the U's are unsaturated fatty acid residues which are substantially C16 and/or C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of the SSU type triglycerides include 1,2-palmitoyl-3-oleoyl glycerin (PPO), and 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl glycerin (PStO). The polyglycerol fatty acid ester is not limited to those having a specific HLB value and any commercially available polyglycerol fatty acid ester can be used. Examples include those having an average polymerization degree of glycerin of 4 to 8, whose fatty acid residues are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid or behenic acid , for example. The hard butter composition of the present invention contains 50 to 80% by weight, preferably 60 to 70% by weight of the SUS type triglycerides based on the total weight of the composition. When the amount of the SUS type triglycerides is less than 50% by weight, chocolate using this hard butter composition has inferior meltability in the mouth. In order to improve meltability in the mouth, the content of SSS type triglycerides should be minimized. Thus, the amount of the SSS type triglycerides should be less than 2% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composition. When the amount of the SSS type triglycerides is 2% by weight or more, chocolate using this hard butter composition has inferior meltability in the mouth. The amount of SSU type triglycerides should be at least 15% by weight, preferably 20% by weight, more preferably 20 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides. When the amount of SSU type triglycerides is less than 15% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides, the resultant hard butter composition hardly exhibits the function of a non-tempering type hard butter and its anti-blooming properties become inferior. The amount of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester should be at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 2.5% by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. When the amount of polyglycerol fatty acid ester is less than 1% by weight, immiscibility with cocoa butter becomes inferior when producing chocolate with the hard butter composition, which restricts the amount of cocoa butter to be used. In addition, when the amount of polyglycerol fatty acid ester is less than 1% by weight, the resultant chocolate has inferior anti-blooming properties. On the other hand, more than 5% by weight of polyglycerol fatty acid ester is undesirable because the additional effect is hardly expected any more and the production cost is increased. Process for producing the hard butter composition The hard butter composition of the present invention can be relatively readily produced by adding at least 1% by weight of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to a fraction obtained by solvent fractionation of palm medium melting point fraction (PMF) to remove high melting point and low melting point fractions therefrom. That is, such a fraction obtained by known solvent fractionation to remove high melting point and low melting point fractions from PMF is rich in PPO and POP components and has less PPP component. Thus, the desired hard butter composition of the present invention can be readily obtained by adding the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to the fraction. For example, the hard butter composition of the present invention can be obtained by fractionating PMF (iodine value (IV): 40 to 50) with acetone to obtain a low melting point fraction (IV: 55 to 60), fractionating the resultant low melting point fraction with hexane to obtain a high melting point fraction (IV: 40 to 45), and adding at least 1% by weight of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to the resultant high melting point fraction. Preferably, the high melting point fraction is further subjected to solvent fractionation with acetone to remove a low melting point to obtain a high melting point fraction (IV: 36 to 40) and then mixed with the polyglycerol fatty acid ester. The production cost can be significantly reduced by this process in comparison with such a process in which the required triglyceride components are prepared by enzymatic interesterification and are compounded with each other. The hard butter composition of the present invention thus obtained is that of a non-trans acid type/non-lauric acid type, which does not require a tempering step, and has the same or better meltability in the mouth and the same immiscibility with cocoa butter. Thus, it can be used in confectionery as hard butter, for example for center fillings, in addition to the production of chocolate. The following Examples and Comparative Examples further illustrate the present invention in detail. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, all percents and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated. Example 1 PMF (IV: 45) was subjected to three-stage solvent fractionation to remove its high melting point and low melting point fractions (first, PMF was fractionated with acetone to obtain a low melting point fraction (IV: 57), followed by fractionating the resultant low melting point fraction with hexane to obtain a high melting point fraction (IV: 47) and further fractionating the resultant high melting point fraction with acetone to obtain a high melting point fraction (IV: 38)). To the resultant fraction was added 3% by weight of a commercially available polyglycerol fatty acid ester (SUNFAT PS68™ manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku) to obtain the desired hard butter composition. Its composition is shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 1 A medium melting point fraction obtained from a random interesterified fat of palm stearin was used as hard butter. Its composition is shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 2 PMF was used as hard butter. Its composition is shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 3 Hard butter was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that the polyglycerol fatty acid ester was not added. Its composition is shown in Table 1. Composition (%) Polyglycerol fatty acid ester SUS content SSU content SSS content SSU/(SUS+SSU) Example 1 3 63.8 22.4 1.1 26.0 Comparative Example 1 - 49.5 15.4 4.0 23.7 Comparative Example 2 - 60.8 7.0 1.1 10.3 Comparative Example 3 - 63.8 22.4 1.1 26.0 In a conventional manner, a chocolate mix of the recipe of Table 2 was prepared with the above hard butter composition or hard butter. The mix was cast in a cup at 45°C without tempering and quickly cooled by standing it at 5°C for 30 minutes to obtain chocolate. Meltability in the mouth and anti-blooming properties of the resultant chocolates were compared. Anti-blooming properties were evaluated by placing the chocolates in circumstances where the ambient temperature varied cyclically (18-30.5°C) every day and observing the generation of blooming. Cacao mass 10% Whole milk powder 20% Sugar 25% β-Lactose 13% Hard Butter Composition (or hard butter) 32% Lecithin 0.4% Vanillin 0.03% The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, meltability in the mouth is represented by the following criteria: A: excellent B: good C: not so good Anti-blooming properties (18-30.5°C cycle test, 1 cycle/day) are represented by the following criteria: -: good ±: loss of gloss +: blooming Meltability in the mouth Anti-blooming properties (days) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Example 1 A - - - - ± + Comparative Example 1 C + + + + + + Comparative Example 2 A + + + + + + Comparative Example 3 A + + + + + + As seen from Table 3, the chocolate using the hard butter composition of Example 1 had sharp meltability because the hard butter composition contained more SUS component and less SSS component than those of the chocolate using the hard butter of Comparative Example 1. In addition, the chocolate using the hard butter composition of Example 1 had similar melting properties to those of the tempering type hard butter of Comparative Example 2 and exhibited superior anti-blooming properties. Example 2 For comparing the hard butter composition of the above Example 1 with a conventional non-tempering type hard butter, chocolate for a center filling was prepared according to the recipe of Table 4. The conventional non-tempering type hard butter used as the control was PERMEL NTM™ (manufactured by Fuji Oil Company, Ltd.). Cacao mass 10% Cocoa powder 2% Whole milk powder 15% Sugar 40% Skimmed milk powder 5% Fat 28% Lecithin 0.4% Vanillin 0.02% Specifically, a chocolate mix was prepared according to the above recipe and cast in a cup at 45°C without tempering. The mix was quickly cooled by standing it at 5°C for 30 minutes to obtain chocolate. Meltability in the mouth and anti-blooming properties of the resultant chocolate were evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, the same criteria as those in Table 3 are used. Meltability in the mouth Anti-blooming properties (days) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Example 1 A - - - - ± + PERMAL NTM B - - - ± ± + As seen from Table 5, the hard butter composition of Example 1 had inferior meltability in the mouth to that of PERMAL NTM. Regarding anti-blooming properties, the hard butter composition of Example 1 showed the same immiscibility with cocoa butter as that of the non-tempering type hard butter.

Claims: A hard butter composition which comprises 50 to 80% by weight of SUS type triglycerides based on the composition, less than 2% by weight of SSS type triglycerides based on the composition, at least 1% by weight of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester based on the composition, and SSU type triglycerides in an amount of at least 15% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides, wherein the S's are saturated fatty acid residues which are palmitic acid and/or stearic acid residues and the U's are unsaturated fatty acid residues which are C16 and/or C18 unsaturated fatty acids. The hard butter composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the SSU type triglycerides is 15 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of SUS type triglycerides and SSU type triglycerides. The hard butter composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is 1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. A process for producing the hard butter composition according to claim 1 which comprises adding the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to a fraction having an iodine value of 40 to 45 obtained by removing high melting and low melting fractions of palm medium melting point fraction (PMF) to obtain a mixture containing at least 1% of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester based on the total weight of the mixture. The process according to claim 4, wherein the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is added in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture. The process according to claim 4, wherein the fraction to which the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is added has an iodine value of 36 to 40 obtained by fractionating PMF with acetone to give a low melting point fraction, fractionating the resultant low melting point fraction with hexane to give a high melting point fraction, and further fractionating with acetone to remove a low melting point. Use of the hard butter composition according to any one of the claims 1 to 3 in making chocolate.

Inventors: NAGO ATSUSHI, OKADA TADAYUKI, YAMADA KAZUHISA, NAGO, ATSUSHI, OKADA, TADAYUKI, YAMADA, KAZUHISA
Applicants: FUJI OIL CO LTD, FUJI OIL COMPANY, LIMITED
Application year: 2000
Main classification: A23D9
IPC codes: A23D9, A23G1, C11B7