VEHICLE WHEELS SYSTEMS SIMULATOR

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for simulating the effect of systems acting on wheels of a motor vehicle, such as an anti-lock brake system or an anti-spin system or a corresponding system. According to the invention the apparatus consists of at least one track (2, 3) intended for at least one pair of wheels of a motor vehicle, said wheels been provided after each other in the driving direction of the motor vehicle. The track consists of a frame (6, 7) being intended for exchangeably receiving a number of first (2) and second (3) sections, respectively in optional mutual positions. Each of the first sections (2) are provided with a number of adjacent rollers (8) being rotatably supported and being extended transversal to the driving direction, and each of the second sections (3) is provided with a flat plate like sheet (9). The invention also relates to a method of simulating the effect of such a system acting on wheels of a motor vehicle.

Description: VEHICLE WHEELS SYSTEMS SIMULATOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to motor vehicles provided with one or several systems acting on certain or all of its wheels, and more specifically relates to an apparatus for demonstrating and/or simulating the effect of such systems, as specified in the preamble of the attached claim 1. The invention also relates to a method of demonstrating and/or simulating the effect of this type of system, as specified in the attached claim 7. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Today, different types of motor vehicles are more and more frequently being equipped with anti-lock brake systems and/or with so called anti-spin systems, that is systems serving to prevent drive wheels from spinning loose on slippery surfaces. There is a need for one or more such systems within many areas and for many different types of vehicles, from motorbikes and automobiles to buses all terrain vehicles and work vehicles (heavy vehicles). The mentioned systems are relatively complex having expensive electronic sensors and control systems, and therefor require relatively advanced test equipment for service and repair. Accordingly, different "test rigs" have been developed, predominantly for testing anti-lock brake system, but also for simulating different driving conditions. Usually such equipment is in the form of a "rolling road", that is having one ore several pairs of driven rollers or idle rollers respectively, on which the wheels of a vehicle are positioned. Moreover, advanced measuring equipment for measuring for instance brake action or other parameters is connected thereto. Examples of such systems are disclosed in GB 2 236 562 A and in the US patents 5 483 823, 5 621 168, 4 750 354 and 4 986 114. The vehicle is maintained stationary on the test rig during the test procedure, whereas, depending upon the type of test that is to be performed, the wheels of the vehicle that are to be sensed or detected are rotated by the driven rollers or alternatively by the drive system of the vehicle. Under all circumstances it is important, specifically for safety reasons, but also for the actual test results, that the vehicle is securely fixed to the test rig, and such problems are considered in DE 4 031 838 Al . It is clear from the above statement that the known test rigs are only designed for the purpose of detecting different parameters related to the function of the systems. Accordingly they are comparatively complex and costly, both with regard to the actual sensor equipment and with regard to actions for securing the vehicle to the test rig. On the other hand, the known equipment does not offer any possibility of realistically demonstrating or simulating to a driver or potential buyer of a vehicle the effect of said mentioned type of vehicle system that controls and influences the brake system or the drive system of the vehicle. However, these control systems are very important both to road safety and for improved passability. In order for the driver to be able to utilize the systems in the optimum manner the driver has to get used to the systems both mentally and with regard to the proper handling. Accordingly, there is a demand for equipment that may give drivers an insight of the basic effect and function of the systems and also a certain amount of experience of what happens to the vehicle when the systems are activated. Such equipment would be used both for purely educational purposes and also as demonstration equipment in a sales situation, since the systems in question are often sold as optional equipment by the sale of new vehicles. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, it is a basic object of the invention to find a simple manner of demonstrating and simulating the effect of above all anti-lock brake systems and anti-spin systems. This shall be done in such a realistic manner that by means of the equipment a driver may acquire an understanding of and a feel for how the systems function in practice. Specifically, the object is to achieve this by providing an equipment that is easily accessible and that employs comparatively simple and inexpensive means for giving a driver this basic understanding and also for demonstrating the differences in handling between a vehicle equipped with such systems and a vehicle lacking such systems. In accordance with the invention this is basically achieved by providing an apparatus of the above indicated kind having at least one track intended for at least one pair of wheels of a motor vehicle that are provided after one another in the driving direction of the motor vehicle. The track consists of a frame adapted to receive a number of first and second sections respectively, in optional mutual positions in the driving direction. Of said sections, the first sections are each provided with a number of adjacent rollers that are rotatably journalled and that are extended transversely relative to the driving direction, and said second sections are each provided with a flat plate or sheet. With this design it is possible to form a track having a configuration corresponding to the driving conditions desired at any specific occasion. This is done by means of the exchangeable sections and may be carried out quickly and easily and in the basic embodiment without the use of any tools. In one embodiment of the invention the apparatus is provided with at least two tracks that are provided at a mutual distance from each other, that extend parallel to each other and that are each adapted for receiving first and second sections respectively, provided in optional mutual positions in the driving direction. Hereby, the sections of the two parallel tracks are provided in the same or alternatively in different numbers and mutual positions. With this design, comprising parallel tracks, the flexibility is increased with regard to forming different conditions for vehicles having four wheels. In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention the two parallel tracks are connect- ed to each other and the connection is adjustable for varying the mutual distance between the two tracks, corresponding to the gauge of a specific vehicle. This facilitates a quick adjustment of the equipment so that it fits different vehicles. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention the track or tracks is (are) designed having a fixed or alternatively adjustable inclination in relation to a horizontal plane over at least a portion of their length. With this design gravity can be employed in order to increase the effect of the vehicle systems even when the vehicle is advanced at a very low speed. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention the track or tracks is (are) provided at least partially recessed in a foundation or base. Such a design is specifically advantageous when the vehicle shall be driven at a slightly higher velocity, since it eliminates or at least reduces the risk of or the consequences of inadvertently driving off the tracks. In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided a method, wherein, during the simulation, a motor vehicle is driven on a track with at least one of its pairs of wheels that are provided after each other in the driving direction. In order to simulate different driving conditions the track is formed by a corresponding mutual arrangement of a number of optionally exchangeable sections comprising a flat plate or a number of rotatably journalled rollers. This provides a good demonstration of the function of the systems at a reasonable cost. At the same time an excellent flexibility is achieved with regard to the simulation of different driving conditions that activate the systems. The method may also be used for certain simple practical functionality tests for the type of system in question. In accordance with embodiments of the described method of the invention a motor vehicle, having for instance four wheels, is driven with both of its wheel pairs that are provided after each other in the driving direction, on their own track formed by the sections being provided in optional order. Thereby, the first and/or second sections of each track are provided in the same or alternatively in different mutual positions and numbers. With this embodiment there is provided an improved or extended possibility of simulating different driving conditions activating the vehicle systems. According to further suggested embodiments of the invention forces are applied to the vehicle during the simulation, either forces counteracting but allowing movement of the vehicle or alternatively forces supporting its movement in the driving direction. With these embodiments the number of driving conditions that may be simulated are increased and the effect of the simulation is increased. Further objects, features and advantages of the invention are clear from the dependent patent claims and from the following description of exemplifying embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A closer detailed description of the invention will follow below, making reference to the attached drawings, on which: Fig. 1 illustrates a plan view from above of a first embodiment of a demonstration and simulation apparatus according to the invention, Fig. 2a illustrates a side view of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in fig. 1, with a frame profile deleted for clarification, Figs. 2b-c illustrate a side view and an end view respectively, of a frame profile employed in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in fig. 1 and fig. 2a, Fig. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a demonstration and simulation apparatus according to the invention, in a view corresponding to that of fig. 1 , Fig. 4a illustrates a side view of the second embodiment of the invention as illustrated in fig. 3, with a frame profile deleted for clarification, Figs. 4b-c illustrate a side view and an end view respectively of a frame profile employed in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in fig. 3 and fig. 4a, Fig. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of a demonstration and simulation apparatus according to the invention, in a view corresponding to that of fig. 1, Figs. 6a-b illustrate a plan view from above and a side view respectively, of a first exchangeable section of a simulation apparatus according to the invention, and Figs. 7a-b illustrate a plan view from above and a side view respectively, of a second ex- changeable section of a simulation apparatus according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawing figures the basic principles of the invention shall now be described by means of a number of presently preferred embodiments. At the same time will be illustrated the advantages achieved by means of the invention as well as the differences as compared to conventional test equipment. Figs. 1 and 2a illustrate a schematic plan view from above and a schematic side view respectively, of a first embodiment of a demonstration or simulation apparatus 1 according to the invention. Figs. 2b and 2c illustrate a side view and an end view, respectively, of a frame profile being part of the simulation apparatus 1. In this basic embodiment the simulation apparatus 1 consists of a base frame 6, 7 formed of two L-shaped frame profiles 6 and 7. The two frame profiles extend parallel to each other and are arranged with one of their legs or shanks 6b (only one is illustrated in figs. 2b-c), in the illustrated embodiment the short legs, facing each other and with their other, long legs or shanks 6a, 7a being upright. The frame profiles 6, 7 are firmly connected to each other in a manner not specifically illustrated. The connection may for instance consist of connecting rods welded to the frame profiles. Specifically, the frame profiles are connected to each other such that they extend parallel to each other at a mutual distance corresponding to or slightly exceeding the width of the track modules or sections 2, 3. Said track modules or sections 2, 3 are employed in different combinations to form the track that in accordance with the invention shall be employed to imitate a road having different driving conditions. Accordingly, the short legs or shanks 6b of the frame profiles 6 and 7 form a support surface for the track sections 2, 3 when the latter are positioned between the profiles 6,7 of a track. Their long legs or shanks 6a, 7a form a guide for the sections 2, 3. The two track sections 2, 3 that are illustrated in detail in figs. 6a-b and figs. 7a-b are a first roller section 2 and a second flat section 3. As was mentioned above, said sections may be provided in optional combinations for forming a surface having different, varying conditions. This will be described more closely below. Both track sections 2, 3 are formed of a generally square or rectangular flat iron frame 5 of which only one side is specifically illustrated in figs. 6b and 7b. At the outside of each of two opposite sides the flat iron frame is provided with a number of, here three, taps or pins 10 distributed along the side. By means of these pins the flat iron frame may be removable fixed in different positions in the base frame 6, 7, as will be described below. In the first section or roller section 2 a number of rotatable rollers 8 are provided with their shafts 8a journalled in the above mentioned, opposite sides of the flat iron frame 5. The roller shafts 8a are received in corresponding, not specifically designated holes in the flat iron frame 5 and are locked in this position by means of pins 8b inserted into bores in the shaft ends, or in another workmanlike manner. The rollers 8 are preferably supported on their shafts 8a so as to be freely rotatable thereon. In this manner their circumferential surface forms a base on which a vehicle wheel may "spin" or "slide". Accordingly, the rolls 8 are provided such that with the upper portion thereof they extend an appropriate amount above the flat iron frame 5 and form said base for the wheels of a vehicle being driven thereon. In their forward and rearward sides, with regard to the driving direction A or B (see fig. 2a) of a vehicle on the track, the roller sections 2 are provided with a narrow transition plate 4 forming a transition section from the adjacent section of the track. Preferably, the transition plates 4 are provided with a profiled or structured upper surface in order to provide a good grip for a vehicle wheel. It has also been found to be advantageous if at least the middle rollers 8 of each section 2 extend with their circumference a smaller distance above the plane of the transition plates 4, as is clear especially from fig. 6b. The reason for this is that such an arrangement provides resistance to a wheel coming up to the roller. Said resistance will in turn contribute to bringing the corresponding roller 8 to rotate more easily, such that the wheel more quickly enters a condition where it wants to "spin loose". In the second or flat section 3 a substantially continuous flat sheet like plate 9 is provided on top of the flat iron frame 5 and is fixed thereto in a suitable manner, for instance by welding or by means of a bolt connection. The plate 9 has such a shape and size that it substantially completely covers the flat iron frame 5. Likewise, it is preferably profiled at its upper surface, in order to provide a good grip for the wheels of a vehicle. The sections 2, 3 are positioned in the frame formed by the profiles 6, 7 by introducing the pins 10 at their sides into upwardly opening grooves 6c, 7c formed in the upright legs 6a and 7a, respectively of the profiles 6 and 7, respectively. The grooves 6c, 7c are distributed along the upper edge of the profiles 6, 7 such that they are suitable for receiving the pins 10 of the sections. The grooves 6c, 7c are provided in such a number that the complete frame 6, 7 may be filled with sections 2, 3 in the manner illustrated in fig. 1. In the illustrated embodiment the grooves 10 are inclined so that no additional locking of the sections 2, 3 is required. The pins at one end of the sections are restrained by the walls of the grooves 10 from being lifted out from their grooves when a vehicle wheel is driven up on the opposite end of the sections. This solution provides a very simple exchange of the sections when new "road conditions" are set up. Without any further manipulation the sections are lifted obliquely up from the frame 6, 7 and are lowered down into the frame 6, 7 in the intended position, respectively. With this embodiment of the grooves it is suitable to drive a vehicle in the direction A when demonstrating for instance an anti-spin system, and in a direction B when demonstrating for instance an anti-lock brake system. In such a case the resulting forces when testing the corresponding systems tend to keep the pins of the sections in position in their grooves and actually press the pins towards the bottom of the grooves. As an alternative, the grooves may be formed perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the frame profiles 6, 7, but in such a case they should be supplemented with some kind of mechanical lock, for instance a spring biased latch. However, this makes the apparatus more expensive and the exchange of sections somewhat more complicated. Depending upon the "road conditions" that shall be simulated at each occasion, the above described sections 2, 3 are positioned in the frame 6, 7 in a different number and in different mutual positions, such that they form a corresponding configuration or pattern. Accordingly, fig. 1 illustrates a pattern having alternate roller sections 2 and flat sections 3 in order to simulate "road conditions" where the vehicle wheels alternatively spin and grip. All combinations are possible, from solely roller sections 2 to solely flat sections 3. In this connection it shall be obvious that the track, specifically in the first embodiment, may be designed having an optional length in order to receive an optional number of sections 2, 3. In order to facilitate the handling of the sections 2, 3 their longitudinal dimension should be kept small, but it is likewise possible within the scope of the invention to design the sections with a greater length, for instance corresponding to two or three of the illustrated sections. It is indicated in fig. 2a that specifically this first embodiment is well suited for being recessed in a base U. The base U may be a floor indoors as well as an asphalt-paved area or a corresponding surface outdoors. In the latter case the equipment is also well suited for testing or demonstration at higher speeds. In applications where the track is not recessed but rests on a base, it is preferably provided with appropriate access ramps 20 at both ends, indicated in fig. 2, for instance of the kind illustrated in greater detail in figs. 3 and 4a. For illustration purposes it may be mentioned that in an exemplifying, practical embodiment the flat iron frame 5 of the sections 2, 3, and accordingly the flat plate 9, have a width of 624 mm and a length of 636 mm. Six rollers 8 having a diameter of 76 mm are supported in the roller sections 2. The frame profiles 6, 7 have a length of 3843 mm and are provided at a mutual distance of 663 mm, with reference to the outer sides of the upright legs 6a, 7a. The illustrated track 2, 3 according to the first embodiment may be used by itself, for instance for a motor bike or for one pair of wheels of a vehicle, having four or more wheels, that are provided after each other in the driving direction. However, preferably two parallel tracks are employed when testing automobiles, trucks etc. since this provides better possibilities for a greater variation of the "road conditions". When the tracks are used in pairs they may either be provided at an adjustable distance from each other, for instance adjustably connected to each other in the manner illustrated in fig. 5. This enables adaptation to vehicles having different gauges. Alternatively, the tracks may be fixed and designed having such a width that they can accommodate practically any existing gauge. As was mentioned above, the above described basic embodiment of the invention may preferably be employed for simulating or demonstrating the effect of vehicle systems related to the brakes or the drive system of a vehicle. However, they may also be employed for a simpler, practical function test of such systems. A vehicle is driven with its specified wheel pair or wheel pairs onto a track 2, 3 or onto parallel tracks 2, 3, respectively. Thereby drive wheels will attempt to spin loose as they get up on to a roller section, or alternatively braked wheels will attempt to lock when they engage such a section. Thereby, shorter ramps for low speeds are specifically well suited for demonstrating so called anti-spin systems. In order to provide a more efficient demonstration the ramps may thereby be supplemented with some means, not illustrated or described in detail herein, for applying a force to the vehicle, counteracting its movement. Theoretically, such an apparatus for applying a force to a vehicle, supporting its movement, could be used in order to permit demonstration of an anti-lock brake system on a corresponding low speed track. However, a longer high speed track 2, 3 that is recessed in a base is better suited for the demonstration of such an anti-lock brake system, whereby "high speed track" shall be regarded as a relative expression and does not necessarily mean a track for highway speeds. Specifically for non-recessed tracks and by the later described second and third embodiments it may be suitable to provide a visual guide facilitating for the driver of a vehicle to keep the vehicle on the track or tracks. Such a visual guide may for instant consists of the type of road marking rods that are used during the wintertime for marking the roadsides for snow clearance vehicles. Such rods are inserted at a suitable distance from each other into the frame or into specifically provided seats therefore (not illustrated). The experience of the functioning of said systems may be had either behind the steering wheel of a vehicle being equipped with such systems and being driven on a track, preferably in combination with a corresponding driving of a vehicle without such systems in order to emphasize the difference in handling, or by studying a vehicle from the side when it is driven on a track. In this connection it is a very great advantages that the track or tracks may be modified in a very quick and simple manner in order to imitate the different "road conditions". Figs. 3 and 4a-c illustrate an alternative, second embodiment of the simulation apparatus 101 according to the invention. In this case the track likewise consists of two frame profiles 106, 107 that are similar to the profiles according to the first embodiment, except that they are provided with a long leg 106a the height of which varies along the length of the profile. As is illustrated in figs. 4a and 4b the height of the profiles (only one profile 106 is illustrated) first increases with a relatively steep angle, as seen from the right side in the figures. This is for forming an access or exit ramp 121 which may be formed by a plate that is firmly connected directly to the profiles 106, 107, for instance by welding or by means of a bolt connection. Then, the height increases with a less steep angle in the portion forming the actual track and accordingly being intended for receiving the sections 2, 3 that preferably correspond to those of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the frame profiles 106, 107 of this second embodiment are likewise provided having the inclined grooves 106c for receiving the taps of the sections. Finally, the height decreases again with a relatively steep angle; likewise for forming an access or exit ramp 120 that may likewise be formed by a plate firmly connected directly to the profiles 106, 107. In a further variation of this second embodiment the tracks may alternatively be designed having an adjustable inclination relative to a horizontal plane. This may for instance be achieved by providing a track in accordance with the first embodiment in an adjustable frame that is not illustrated herein. Such a frame could be adjustable in height in one end or alternatively in both ends for varying the direction of the inclination. Furthermore the access and exit ramps would have to be pivotally connected to the respective end of the track or tracks, in order to permit said adjustability. Characteristic of this second embodiment is that it is very well suited for a simulation or demonstration at low speed, since the inclined track 2, 3 has the effect that gravity may be employed for providing the "pushing or braking" force. This in turn means that no apparatus for applying external forces will be necessary even at low speeds. Furthermore, this second embodiment of the apparatus 101 requires two parallel tracks 2, 3, 120, 121, except for two-wheeled vehicles such as motorbikes, which like in the first embodiment may be fixed and having the required width or may be provided at a mutually adjustable distance from each other. Fig. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a simulation apparatus 201 according to the invention, employing two tracks 2, 3, 120, 121 according to the second embodiment, and adjustment means 222 being connected to said tracks. Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the adjustment means 222 in the form of for instance fluid operated working cylinders. However, it should be emphasized that any other appropriate adjustment means, mechanical as well as electrical, may be possible. Although the above description contains definitions such as flat iron frame, it shall be pointed out that in order to lower the weight and thereby to facilitate the handling of the different parts, the entire apparatus 1, 101 or 201, except for the rollers 8 and their shafts 8a, is preferably manufactured from light metal. The handling of the actual sections 2, 3 when they are being inserted into the frame 6, 7, 106, 107 and specifically when they are being removed from the frame, for instance for rearrangement, is facilitated even further if a special tool or handle is employed. Such a tool is not illustrated in the drawings but may for instance have a hook like shape that may be introduced into grooves, likewise not specifically illustrated, formed in the plates 9 and in the transition plates 4, respectively. Presently, the invention is regarded having its major field of application in connection with driver education, but as has been mentioned above it may advantageously also be employed in order to demonstrate the vehicle systems in question for marketing purposes and for performing simpler practical function tests. It will be obvious to the man skilled in the art that different modifications and alterations may be made to the present invention, without departing from the scope of the invention as specified in the attached patent claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Apparatus ( 1 ; 101 ; 201 ) for demonstrating or simulating the effect of a system acting on a wheel of a motor vehicle, such as an anti-lock brake system, an anti-spin system or a corresponding system, characterized by at least one track (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121) intended for at least one pair of wheels of a motor vehicle that are provided after each other in the driving direction of the motor vehicle, in that the track consists of a frame (6, 7; 106, 107) having a space intended for exchangeably receiving a number of first (2) and second (3) sections, respectively in optional mutual positions in the driving direction, in that the first sections (2) are each provided with a number of adjacent, rotatably supported rollers (8) extended transversal to the driving direction and in that the second sections (3) are provided with a flat, sheet like plate (9). 2. Apparatus (1; 101; 201) according to claim 1, characterized by at least two mutually spaced tracks (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121) extending parallel to each other and each being adapted for receiving first (2) and second (3) sections, respectively provided in optional mutual positions in the driving direction and in that the sections of the two parallel tracks are provided in the same or alternatively different numbers and mutual positions. 3. Apparatus (201) according to claim 2, characterized in that the two parallel tracks (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121) are interconnected and in that the connection (222) is adjustable for varying the mutual distance between them corresponding to the gauge of a specific vehicle. 4. Apparatus (101) according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that over at least a portion of the length thereof the track or tracks (2, 3, 120, 121) is (are) designed having a fixed or alternatively adjustable inclination relative to a horizontal plane. 5. Apparatus (1; 101; 201) according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the track or tracks (2, 3, 20) is (are) provided at least partially recessed in a base. 6. Apparatus (1; 101; 201) according to any of claims 1-5, characterized by a force application means for applying a fixed or adjustable force to a vehicle on the track/tracks (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121), counteracting but allowing the movement of the vehicle or alternatively supporting the movement of the vehicle. 7. A method of demonstrating or simulating the action of one or several systems acting on wheels of a motor vehicle, such as an anti-lock brake system, an anti-spin system or a corresponding system, characterized in that a motor vehicle, having at least one pair of wheels provided after each other in the driving direction of the vehicle, is driven on a track (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121), in that the track is formed by providing a number of first sections (2), each comprising adjacent rollers (8) being rotatably supported and being extended transversal to the driving direction, and/or a number of second sections (3), each comprising a flat plate (9), in a frame (6, 7; 106, 107) and in that the first and second sections are positioned in an optional order after each other, as seen in the driving direction, in a configuration corresponding to the driving conditions desired at each specific occasion. 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the motor vehicle is driven with all of its wheel pairs that are provided after each other in the driving direction on their own track (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121) formed by said sections (2, 3) positioned in an optional order. 9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the tracks (2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 120, 121) for the different wheel pairs of the motor vehicle, the first (2) and/or second (3) sections are provided in the same or alternatively different mutual positions and numbers. 10. A method according to any of claims 7-9, characterized in that forces are applied to the motor vehicle, counteracting but allowing its movement or alternatively supporting its movement in the driving direction. 11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that portions of the track or tracks (2, 3, 120, 121) or the entire track or tracks are provided with an inclination in one or two directions, whereby gravity is employed as the counteracting or supporting force applied to the motor vehicle. 12. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that external counteracting or supporting forces are applied to the motor vehicle.

Inventors: NORBERG BENGT, NORBERG, BENGT
Applicants: NORBERG BENGT, NORBERG, BENGT
Application year: 2000
Main classification: B60T17
IPC codes: B60T17