A GRINDING TOOL FOR GRINDING BUTTONS OF A ROCK DRILL BIT, A GRINDING CUP, A GRINDING SPINDLE AND A METHOD FOR MOUNTING THE GRINDING CUP ON A GRINDING SPINDLE

Abstract: The present invention relates to a grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, a grinding cup, a grinding spindle and a method to mount the grinding cup on a grinding spindle. The grinding tool (10) comprises a rotatable grinding spindle (11), a grinding cup (15) having flush channels and a spring (14) holding them together. The grinding spindle (11) and the grinding cup comprises co-operative recess (27) and projection (16) means. The grinding tool (10) has a working direction (R). One end (36) ot the spring (14) is substantially firmly connected in the axial direction to the grinding spindle (11). The spring is provided to allow rotation of the grinding cup (15) relative to the grinding spindle (11) only in the working direction (R) of the grinding tool (10). The grinding cup (15) comprises a wholly rotation symmetrical, cylindrical surface (37) as the only means for driving.

Description: A grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, a grinding cup, a grinding spindle and a method for mounting the grinding cup on a grinding spindle Technical field The present invention relates to a grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, a grinding cup, a grinding spindle and a method for mounting the grinding cup on a grinding spindle, such as they are defined in the preambles of the subsequent independent claims. Prior art When grinding cemented carbide buttons of a drill bit, a grinding cup of the type described above is normally used. The wear part of such grinding cup usually has an abrasive grinding surface that often comprises diamond particles. Grinding of cemented carbide buttons generates both heat and abrasive cuttings to such an extent that it is necessary to cool the grinding cup and the button bit as well as to flush away the cuttings. The prior art for such cooling is to supply cooling medium, normally water, through the grinding machine and axially through the grinding cup to provide the cooling medium to be discharged in the region where the wear part of the grinding cup engages the free end of the button, as is shown in SE-C2-504 443. Through for example WO 93/25346 is previously known a tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit. The tool is secured to a grinding head, wherein the rotatably journalled spindle carries a grinding cup. The grinding cup is vibration-damped by means of a bushing of rubber for minimizing the risk for white fingers. Furthermore, the prior art grinding tool comprises means for quickly mounting and dismounting the grinding cup on and from the grinding spindle. Said means comprises an external, movable sleeve, a spring, a ball in a radial hole in the spindle, an O-ring and driving surfaces. This complicates the design of the grinding tool and requires two hands for demounting of the grinding cup. Through for example US-A-5 ,121,994 is previously known a tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit. Also this grinding tool comprises means for quickly mounting and dismounting the grinding cup on and from the grinding spindle. Said means comprises an O-ring that co-operates with a cylindrical surface and polygonal cooperative surfaces for driving. In case flush medium is supplied to the grinding cup without the grinding cup abutting against a button the pressure can influence the grinding cup from the inside which over-powers the frictional force between the O-ring and the grinding cup. Thus the grinding cup will get loose from the grinding spindle. In addition some skill is needed for aligning the driving surfaces when mounting the grinding cup. Objects of the invention One object of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool for grinding drill bit buttons, which comprises the advantages of the prior art. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool that can be mounted or is dismantled quickly. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool that comprises a minimum of parts. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool, which can be mounted or is dismounted by means of one hand only. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding tool which is developed such that the grinding cup is retained harder the more torque is applied. The objects of the present invention are realized by a grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, a grinding cup, a spindle and a method of mounting the grinding cup on a spindle that have been given the characteristics of the appended claims. Description of the drawings Below three embodiments of a grinding cup according to the present invention will be described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1A shows an exploded cross-sectional view of an end of a grinding tool according to the present invention. Fig. IB shows the grinding tool of Fig. 1A in a mounted position. Fig. IC shows the grinding tool in Fig. IB mounted at a flushing head. Figs. ID- IF shows the grinding cup according to Fig. 1 A in an end view, in a cross-section (section IE- IE in Fig. ID) and in an opposite top view. Figs. 1G-1I shows a spring in an end view, in a side view and in an opposite top view. Fig. 1 J shows the end of the grinding tool according to Fig. IB in magnification. Fig. 2 A shows an exploded cross-sectional view of an end of a grinding tool according to the present invention in an alternative embodiment. Fig. 2B shows the grinding tool in Fig. 2A in a mounted position. Figs. 2C- 2E shows the grinding cup according to Fig. 2A in an end view, in a cross-section and in an opposite top view. Fig. 3 A shows an exploded cross-sectional view of an end of a grinding tool according to the present invention in an alternative embodiment. Fig. 3B shows the grinding tool in Fig. 3A in a mounted position. Figs. 3C-3E shows the grinding cup according to Fig. 3A in an end view, in a cross-section and in an opposite top view. Detailed description of the invention A grinding tool 10 according to the present invention for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit is described hereinafter with reference to Figs. 1 A-l J. The tool comprises a grinding spindle 11, a swivel or a flushing head 12, a vibration-damping means 13, a mounting means or a spring 14 and a grinding cup 15. The upper end of the grinding spindle 11 is intended to be rotatably mounted in a grinding head, not shown, of the type shown and described in EP-B- 734,306, which hereby is incorporated into the description. The grinding head is thus connected to a power source such as an electric motor and can be vertically displaced, i.e. downwardly and upwardly. The grinding head comprises an external housing which is stationary. The grinding spindle 11 is rotatably journalled in a boring of the spindle house by means of roller bearings that are spaced apart axially in the longitudinal direction of the grinding spindle. The end of the grinding spindle that projects from the external housing carries a flushing head 12. The flushing head 12 is provided with one or several openings which are intended to receive hoses that conduct flush medium from a suitable source. The connection of the hoses to the source prevents that a part of the flushing head rotates when the grinding spindle 11 is rotated. The flushing head 12 comprises two sealing sleeves that surround the grinding spindle 11. The grinding spindle is intended to perform a wobbling movement relative to the buttons during grinding. The forward end of the grinding spindle comprises a central cylindrical recess 27 in which a central flush channel 28 terminates. The recess 27 is substantially symmetrical about the rotational axis 20 and comprises a cylindrical wall 29 and a bottom surface 30. The recess 27 has a diameter D4. The bottom surface 30 is substantially planar and perpendicular to the axis 20. A radially extending hole 32 extends through the wall 30 and to the jacket surface 31 of the spindle. An axial groove 33 extends from the hole axially forwards along the wall 29 and forwards to the free end surface 34 of the spindle 11. The spindle may eventually include a circumferential groove in the surface 29 for to receive an O-ring for radial vibrational damping, depicted at right in Fig. 1J. The vibration-damping means consists of a circular washer 13 made in plastics or rubber. The washer has two plane-parallel side faces and a central hole. The spring 14, which is primarily shown in Figs. 1G-1I, is a screw spring and is made from by a tightly wound, preferably stainless steel wire of about 1 mm. The spring 14 has in the shown embodiment about 4.5 left-wound turns and its ends 35, 36 has different appearances. One end 35 lies within an imaginary cylindrical tube, which is formed by the spring while its other end 36 projects outside of said tube, perpendicularly to the axis 20. The spring shall, as seen from the other end 36, be wound opposed to the direction R at which the spindle will rotate during grinding. The spring has an inner diameter D5, for example 11 mm, and an external diameter D6. The grinding cup 15 according to the present invention, see primarily Figs. 1D-1F, comprises a shank 16, a wear part 17, a first 18 and a second 19 intermediate portion which connects the shank 16 to the wear part 17. All segments 16-19 are cylindrical without any driving grooves and have a substantially similar axial extension. Preferably, the shank 16 and the intermediate portions 18, 19 are made as a one-piece unit. The shank 16 comprises a cylindrical shank surface 37 which preferably via an entering bevel connects to a planar rear surface 23, which is substantially perpendicular to the axis 20 and in which a preferably central flush channel 24 terminates. The wear part 17 is connected to the first intermediate portion 18 in a suitable manner, preferably by direct sintering or by brazing via conical surfaces, which facilitates the jointing method. Within the scope of the present invention it is also possible that the wear part 17 is made as a one-piece unit with the first intermediate portion 18. The grinding cup 15 is rotation symmetrical relative to its longitudinal central or rotational axis 20, and therefore the cup may be used both for by right-hand and left-hand grinding. The shank 16 has a diameter Dl, the second intermediate portion 19 has a diameter D2 and the first intermediate portion 18 and the wear part 17 have a diameter D3. The diameters fulfil the following condition: D2 < Dl < D3. Alternatively D3 can be less than D2. A shoulder 21 is formed at a transition between the shank 16 and the second intermediate portion 19. The shoulder 21 is planar and substantially perpendicular to the axis 20. The forward end of the wear part 15 has a recess 22 in the shape of a ballistic segment when the buttons have ballistic free ends. However, if the buttons has conical or spherical free ends the recess of course has a corresponding shape. The recess 22 is intended to be in engagement and co-operate with the free end of the button being ground. The button is frequently made from hard metal and the recess 22 is therefore provided with an abrasive material, preferably diamonds in a binder matrix. If the wear part 15 is a one-piece unit with the first intermediate portion 18, i.e. if the wear part blank is made of steel, it can be suitable to electro-plate, or in some other suitable manner, apply a diamond layer on the wear part blank. The wear part 15 has two flush channels 25, 26 extending axially parallel with but separate from the axis 20. Each flush channel 25, 26 extends from the rear side of the wear part and axially forwards, and it terminates at least in the recess. Preferably, the channel 25, 26 also terminates at a portion radially outside of the recess 22. Each channel 25, 26 has a rectangular basic shape, the short sides of which are substantially parallel with the central axis 20 and the long sides of which are parallel to each other. An imaginary extension line of one long side does not intersect the opposite channel. The radially inner part or short side 26 of the channel is radially distant from the central axis. Through this design of the grinding cup the buttons cab be ground without leaving a "wart" or projection on the top of the button, which diminishes the risk for the button breaking prematurely during drilling. In addition, a constant flow of flush medium is obtained, since the channels 25, 26 can not be clogged by grinding residues during the grinding process. The described grinding tool 10 functions in the following manner with reference primarily to Fig. 1 J, wherein it is understood that the grinding spindle 11 and the swivel 12 already have been assembled to each other and the grinding head. The washer 13 is pushed into the recess 27 of the spindle such that its one side surface abuts against the bottom surface 30 of the recess. Then the spring 14 is pushed into the recess such that the end 35 of the spring first enters and then the other end 36 of the spring is elastically pushed radially inwards for entering the groove 33. The groove guides the end 36 such that it will rebound into the hole 32 at further transport of the spring into the recess. Through co-operation between the end 36 and the hole 32 both the washer and the spring are secured from falling out from the recess. The outer diameter D6 of the spring is adapted such that the size is somewhat less than the diameter D4 of the recess 27. Then the grinding cup is aligned with the axis 20 such that the shank 16, with a diameter for example of 11.5 mm, can be inserted towards the spring 14. About simultaneously as the free end of the shank abuts against the axially forward part of the spring also the second intermediate portion 19 of the cup engages the wall 29 of the recess. That is, the diameter Dl is about the same as the diameter D4 to achieve a slide fit. By further pushing the grinding cup inwardly the shank will enter the spring and due to the difference in diameter about 0.5 mm between D2 and D5 the spring is adapted to the diameter of the shank and therefore the grinding cup can be pushed into the recess until the end surface 23 of the cup abuts against the bottom surface 30. In that position there is always a gap between the end surface 34 and the grinding cup such that vibrations shall be extinct in the washer. To further facilitate the mounting and to diminish the strain on the spring the cup is rotated, some degrees or at least less than a half turn, during insertion of the shank into the spring. The cup is then rotated in a direction opposite the winding of the spring for increasing the diameter D5 of the spring and the insertion becomes easy. If the cup is rotated in the same direction as the windings of the spring, the spring will squeeze the shank such that insertion cannot be done. This phenomena is completely dependent on one end of the spring being free and the other end being secured from rotation such that the friction between the spring and the shank increases or diminishes depending on the rotational direction. The phenomenon is then used for driving the grinding cup during grinding. The winding of the spring decides in which direction the tool drives the grinding cup. Although the embodiment shows a left-wound screw spring also right- wound springs will be frequently used. By axially securing the axial forward end 36 of the spring in the hole 32 plastic deformation of the spring is counteracted at loosening of the cup, since the pitch can not be increased since the thread windings in the spring abut against each other at pure retraction without rotating the grinding cup. The grinding cup is then adjusted in a position relative to the button which is to be ground, that is in a position where the wear part 17 is in engagement with the button 38, Fig. IC. The grinding cup 15 is then rotated in the working direction R to perform grinding of the button. The friction between the shank 16 and the spring is increased by acceleration of the spindle. By flushing through the grinding tool the cup 10 cannot disengage in spite the lack of axial support from the button because the spring will be somewhat tilted in the recess 27 and thereby wedge up the shank. At provoked tests with the spring soaked with oil or soap the cup has not been able to be drawn loose without the aid of the above described relative rotation. The grinding cup can be mounted and dismounted with only one hand. At loosening of the grinding cup the procedure for mounting is substantially reversed except for that the cup is relative-rotated in the same direction as when being mounted. The spring and the washer will remain in the recess until they have been worn and must be exchanged. Figs. 2A-2E show an alternative embodiment of a grinding tool 10' according to the present invention with indexed reference numerals in accordance with the above-captioned embodiment. This embodiment differs from the above-described embodiment foremost in that the grinding cup 15' is guided via conical co-operating surfaces on the cup, the washer 13 ' and the grinding spindle 11 '. The washer 13 ' minimizes the transfer of vibrations from the grinding cup to the grinding spindle in connection with the grinding of the drill bit button and it efficiently seals such that abrasive material does not enter into the recess. The spring is expanded in the above described embodiments for holding the grinding cup while the spring in the following embodiment is working by contraction for holding the grinding cup. Figs. 3A-3E show an alternative embodiment of a grinding tool 10" according to the present invention. This embodiment differs from the above-described first embodiment foremost in that the grinding cup 15" shank 16" comprises a central recess intended to receive the washer 13" and the projecting free end of the grinding spindle 11". Said free end or projection carries the spring 14", the axial forward end 36" of which faces radially inwardly for co-operation with a hole 32" in the spindle 11". The embodiment is primarily intended for grinding smaller buttons where the space around the hard metal button is limited by adjacent buttons, wherein the coupling between the cup and the spindle can be arranged regardless of the dimension of the grinding end. Thus, the present invention relates to a grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, a grinding cup, a spindle and a method for mounting the grinding cup on a spindle, wherein a plurality of advantages in relation to prior art can be mentioned. For example, the grinding tool can be mounted or dismounted quickly with a minimum of parts and with a few simple manual operations; the tool can be mounted or be dismounted with only one hand; and the tool is made such that the grinding cup shank is held more firmly as larger torque is applied onto the grinding cup.

Claims: Claims 1. A grinding tool for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, comprising a rotatable spindle (11-11"), a grinding cup (15-15") and fastening means (14-14") holding them together, wherein the spindle and the grinding cup comprise co-operative recess and projection means (27-27"; 16- 16"), said grinding tool (10-10") having a working direction (R), said grinding tool having a vibration-damping means (13-13") provided between the grinding spindle and the grinding cup, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fastening means (14-14") is substantially firmly connected in the axial direction to the grinding spindle (11-11"), said fastening means being provided to allow rotation of the grinding cup (15-15") relative to the grinding spindle (11-11") substantially only in the working direction (R) of the grinding tool (10- 10") and in that the grinding cup (15-15") comprises a completely rotation symmetrical, cylindrical surface (37-37") for driving. 2. The grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein the grinding cup (15-15") is provided for relative rotation in the same direction regardless of whether the grinding cup is to be mounted or dismounted. 3. The grinding tool according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the fastening means is made from a spring (14-14"), said spring forming the only means for driving the grinding cup (15-15") relative to the grinding spindle (11-11"). 4. The grinding tool according to claim 3, wherein the spring (14-14") is provided to hold the grinding cup via expansion or contraction and wherein one end (36-36") of the spring (14-14") is axially secured and the other end (35) is free and wherein the spring (14-14") surrounds or is enclosed by a surface (37-37") of the shank. 5. A grinding cup to be used in a grinding tool according to claim 1, for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, said grinding cup having a body comprising a forward wear part (17) and a rear shank (16-16"), wherein the shank comprises a flush channel (24), c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the grinding cup (15-15") comprises a completely rotation symmetrical, cylindrical surface (37-37") as the only means for driving the grinding cup relative to a rotatable grinding spindle. 6. The grinding cup according to claim 5, wherein the grinding cup (15-15") comprises a shank (16-16"), a wear part (17), at least one intermediate portion (18,19) which connects the shank with the wear part and wherein the flush channel (24) connects to eccentrically positioned flush channels (25,26) in the wear part. 7. A grinding spindle to be used in a grinding tool according to claim 1, for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, having an elongated body in one end of which is provided a recess (27;27') or a projection (27") for co-operation with a grinding cup via a fastening means (14-14"), said grinding spindle having a working direction (R) and a flush channel (28), said grinding spindle (11-11") being provided to bear against a vibration-damping means (13-13"), c h a r a c t e r i z e d i ' n that the fastening means (14-14") is substantially firmly connected in the axial direction to the grinding spindle (11-11"), said fastening means being provided to allow rotation of the grinding cup (15-15") relative to the grinding spindle (11-11") substantially only in the working direction (R) of the grinding tool (10- 10"). 8. The grinding spindle according to claim 7, wherein the fastening means (14-14") is provided to be relative rotated in the same direction regardless of whether the grinding cup is to be mounted or dismounted. 9. The grinding spindle according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the fastening means is made from a spring (14-14"), said spring being the only means for driving the grinding cup relative to the grinding spindle (11-11"). 10. The grinding spindle according to claim 9, wherein the spring (14-14") is provided to hold the grinding cup via expansion or contraction and wherein one end (36-36") of the spring (14-14") is axially secured and the other end (35) is free and wherein the spring (14-14") is enclosed by the recess (27;27') or surrounds the projection (27"). 11. A method for mounting a grinding cup on a grinding spindle for grinding buttons of a rock drill bit, said grinding spindle (11-11") comprising an elongated body, wherein a recess (27;27') or a projection (27") is provided at one end thereof, said grinding cup (15-15") having a body comprising a forward wear part (17) and a rear shank (16-16") and a flush channel (24), wherein a fastening means (14-14") is provided to hold the grinding cup to the grinding spindle, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the method comprises the following steps: A) arrange the grinding cup (15-15") with an entirely rotation symmetrical, cylindrical surface (37-37") for driving, B) position a vibration-damping means (13-13") in a recess in the grinding spindle or the grinding cup, C) secure the fastening means (14-14") in the axial direction to the grinding spindle (11- 11") such that the fastening means allows rotation of the grinding cup (15-15") relative to the grinding spindle (11-11") substantially only in the working direction (R) of the grinding tool (10-10"), D) align the grinding cup (15-15") with the grinding spindle (11-11"), E) bring the grinding cup (15-15") to the grinding spindle (11-11") during simultaneous elastic influence on the fastening means (14-14") until the grinding cup bottoms in the grinding spindle.

Inventors: BERGQUIST ARNE, LINDGREN GOERAN, BERGQUIST, ARNE, LINDGREN, GOERAN
Applicants: SANDVIK AB
Application year: 2000
Main classification: B24B3
IPC codes: B24B3, B24B45, B24D7