PREFABRICATED GIRDER IN TWO HALVES AND ROOF STRUCTURE

Abstract: The invention concerns a girder in reinforced concrete that has a flat intrados (11) and a flat or sloping extrados (12), which consists of two symmetrical halves or half-girders (13, 14), with adjacent parts that meet in a plane mid-way (15), perpendicular to the intrados, and equipped, near the extrados (12), with connecting plates for bolting (16) and, near the intrados (11), with a joint device (17) that has bars which are parallel to the intrados.

Description: PREFABRICATED GIRDER IN TWO HALVES AND ROOF STRUCTURE Field of the invention This invention regards girders made from vibrated or pre- stressed reinforced concrete and, in particular, refers to a prefabricated girder in two halves, to the means for joining the two halves together statically at the moment of using the girder, as well as a roof structure made from such girders, for buildings with a circular, polygonal or elliptical plan, both for civil and industrial use. State of the Art. According to the techniques available, pre-fabricated girders in reinforced concrete, including those with a flat, T- shaped or H-shaped intrados, have, so far, been made in a single piece, using an unbroken metal reinforcement, even when consisting of remarkable length. However, when they are particularly long, their construction requires moulds which are extremely cumbersome and difficult. Furthermore, transporting such girders becomes awkward as a result of their size and weight. Road transportation can also be problematic where the roads are narrow or in the mountains, especially when special transport vehicles are called for. Information about the invention. One aim of this invention is to propose a girder, in particular with a flat intrados, consisting of two symmetrical halves and where the two halves are connected by a joint device which ensures similar resistance and static characteristics to those girders made in a single piece. Another aim of the invention is to create a girder with a flat intrados and a flat or sloping extrados, which will have the advantage of using less cumbersome moulds for its construction, for simpler casting, easier manoeuvrability and transportation, even in difficult circumstances and with girders of notable length, giving girders of a length which have been very uncommon to date and, finally, reducing production and transportation costs of said girders. A further aim of the invention is to create reinforced concrete girders, with a T-shape or H-shape, in two symmetrical halves that can be joined together at the moment when the girder is employed at its final site, where there will also be the advantages of facilitating manoeuvring and transportation, without having recourse to special vehicles. Yet another aim of the invention is to propose a roof structure with a circular, polygonal, elliptical or similar plan, consisting of half-girders which are pre-fabricated in reinforced concrete, easily transportable, converging and connected in a simple and secure way at the moment of erecting, by the simple process of screwing together the joint devices. Consequently, the invention proposes a girder in vibrated or pre-stressed reinforced concrete, consisting of two opposing symmetrical halves, where the adjacent parts match together in a plane which is perpendicular to the intrados of the girder, and which are equipped, near to the extrados, with plates that connect using bolts and, near to the intrados, with a joint device with rods. Likewise, the invention proposes a roof structure for buildings with a circular, polygonal, elliptical or similar structure, consisting of numerous half-girders, each with a near end and a far end (12), incorporating longitudinal connecting rods, each of which have a threaded end that protrudes from the near end, and of means for connecting the near ends of the half-girders at the level of the threaded ends of the connecting rods, using safety nuts, while the far ends of the half-girders rest on pillars or other supports. The enclosed drawings illustrate various examples of the girder and the roof structure according to the invention, and these will be described in detail below, making reference to the enclosed drawings, where: Fig. 1 shows the two separate halves or half-girders of a single girder, according to a preferred version; Fig. la shows part of the reinforcement of the half- girders; Fig. 2 shows the two half-girders of Fig. 1 joined together, seen from the front and in cross-section; Fig. 3 shows an enlarged detail of a joint device for the two half-girders in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 shows another example of a girder in two halves, with a different joint system; Fig. 5 shows a further example of a girder in two halves, which differs in its joint device; Fig. 6 shows parts of T-shaped half-girders, facing one another but still separate; Fig. 7 shows, from the front and in cross-section, the parts of the two half-girders in Fig. 6, joined by a device similar to that in Fig. 2; Fig. 8 shows parts of two T-shaped half-girders which are still separate; 9 Figs 9 and 10 show another example of means for joining together two half-girders, in perspective and in cross- section; Fig. 11 shows a perspective of part of one half-girder for the formation of a roof structure according to the invention; Fig. 12 shows a plan of the layout of the girders in a roof structure with a polygonal plan; Fig. 13 show the ring elements for connecting several girders which converge radially; Fig. 14 shows the connection of some of the girders to these ring elements; Fig. 15 shows the system of girders in a roof structure like that in Fig. 12, from below, Fig. 16 shows a plan of the layout of the girders in a roof structure with an elliptical form; and Fig. 17 show the connection of several girders within a structure such as that shown in Fig. 16. Detailed description of the invention. The girder shown in Figs 1-5 is of the type with a flat intrados 11 and a flat or sloping extrados 12. It consists of two symmetrical halves or half-girders 13, 14, with adjacent parts that match on an intermediate plane 15, perpendicular to the intrados. The two halves or half-girders 13, 14 are made in their respective moulds, starting from their own reinforcements 13', 14', respectively, and adding to that end of each one which is designed to match with the neighbouring face of the other half, a connecting plate 16, which is near to the extrados, and a joint device 17, which is near to the intrados. In each half-girder 13, 14 - Fig. 1 - the connecting plate 16 is anchored to the ordinary reinforcement 13', 14' by means of a series of reinforcing bars 18 and has holes 16' for housing two tightening bolts. The joint device 17 near the intrados can be made in a variety of ways. In one of the versions, as shown in Figs 1-3, a first half- girder 13 has, on both front and rear sides, at least one, or preferably more, strong metal bars 19, parallel to the intrados 11. These are linked to the ordinary reinforcement 13' of the half-girder itself by means of stirrups 20 and each of them ends in a sleeve 21, which is threaded internally and protrudes slightly from one side of the half-girder to the facing half-girder 14. This second half-girder 14 also consists of a similar number of second strong metal bars 22, which, however, are each inserted or guided inside a tubular lining 23 and a coupling tube 24, which are aligned and fastened to the reinforcement 14' of said second girder by means of stirrups. The coupling tubes 24 face and are designed to house the protruding part of the corresponding sleeves 21 of the first half-girder. At the opposite ends from the coupling tubes 24, the tubular linings have a blocking plate 26, while the opposite ends of the second bars 22 are threaded so that they can be screwed into the sleeves 21 on one side and so that a tightening nut 27 can be applied to the other, the nut resting against the blocking plate. At the start, the two half-girders are separate and transported that way for ease of transport and to reduce the length. They are joined together at the moment when the girder is actually needed. The two half-girders are brought together in their matching plane 15. The connecting plates 16 near the extrados are fixed together using the respective bolts. The sleeves 21 of the first half-girder 13 are housed in the tubes of the second half-girder 14. The second bars 22, which are fitted inside the tubular linings 23, are screwed into place with one of their ends in said sleeves 21; at the opposite ends of said bars, the tightening nuts 27 are turned until they obtain the blockage required. It should be noted that the second bars 22 and the tightening nuts 27 are accessible via a cavity 28, located on each side of the girder. This cavity is subsequently filled in, once the assembly and tightening are complete. In another version - Fig. 4 - the half-girders 13, 14 both incorporate, at the level of the extrados, a further two connecting plates 16, to be fastened together with bolts. Near the intrados, each half-girder, however, has a tubular lining 123 with a coupling tube 124. When the two half- girders are brought together for joining, their tubular elements 123, 124 are lined up and through them there pass the high-resistance joint bars 122, which are in one piece and have threaded ends on which there are mounted tightening nuts 127; the latter rest against the blocking plates 126 and are accessible via cavities 128 in the half- girders. In another variation - Fig. 5 - the two half-girders 13, 14 also have connecting plates 16 with bolts at the level of the extrados, as in the previous cases, and near to the intrados of the tubular elements 223, 224 for the passage of stranded cords 222, anchored at one end to a plate 226 and tautened at the other end by means of cone-shaped clamps 227, to give a girder which is assembled after tautening. The girder in Fig. 6 is T-shaped, that is, it has two outstretched wings, with a rib 311 at the intrados and a sill 312 on the extrados. It consists of two symmetrical halves or half-girders 313, 314, with adjacent ends that meet in a vertical plane 315. The two half-girders 313, 314 are made in their respective moulds, starting from their own reinforcements - not shown - and with the addition, at the end of each one that is intended to join with its neighbour, of a connecting plate 316, near to the extrados, and a joint device 317, near the intrados. In both the half-girders 313, 314, the connecting plate 316 and the joint device 317 may be of the type described above and shown in Fig. 2, therefore the same components are indicated in Figs 6 and 7 with the same reference numbers as used in Fig. 2. The girder in Fig. 8 is H-shaped, with two parallel ribs 331 at the interdos and a sill 332 on the extrados. This girder also consists of two facing and symmetrical half- girders 333, 334, with adjacent ends meeting in a central vertical plane when the two half-girders are brought together and joined. The joint of the two half-girders 333, 334 is made using means that are identical to those used for the half-girders 313, 314 which formed the girder in Fig. 6. In Fig. 4, identical or equivalent means to those described in Figs 6 and 7 are indicated by the same reference numbers. Likewise, the two half-girders 333, 334 are connected by means of plates 316, fastened with bolts at the level of the sill on the extrados, and by means of the coupling of sleeves 21 with the tubes 24 facing them, near the extrados and present in both ribs 331 of the half-girders. The two half-girders 313, 314; 333, 334 are originally separate and are transported in that way to ensure ease of transport and reduced length. They are joined together when the girder is actually required. At that moment, the two half-girders are brought together in the central meeting plane. The connecting plates 316, near the extrados, are fixed together by means of their respective bolts. The sleeves 21 of the first half-girder 313, 333 are housed in the tubes 24, of the second half-girders 314, 334. The second bars 22, which are inserted into the tubular linings 23, are screwed at one end into said sleeves 21; at the other end of said bars, the tightening nuts 27 are turned until the give the blockage required. In the example in Figs 9 and 10, the girder is still formed by two half-girders 333, 334, but the connection to the adjacent ends is achieved by means of joint plates and at least one pivot pin or cross bolt 355. Then, there are at least two parallel plates 356, standing apart and with a hollow 357 between them. The other half- girder incorporates and anchors at least one protruding plate 358, which is designed to be inserted into the hollow 357 between the two plates 356 of the half-girder 353. The plates 356 and 358 have holes 359 which are aligned with one another and with a hole in the half-girder 353. Thus, when the half-girders are brought together, the pivot pin or cross bolt 355 is simply threaded through said holes 359 to connect them together and complete the girder, ready for use. It should be noted that a half-girder can also be equipped with pins or end prongs 360 to be inserted into corresponding holes 361 in the adjacent end of the other half-girder, to help line up the two half-girders at the moment of their assembly. In the version in Figs 11-17, number 410 indicates a typical half-girder, pre-fabricated in reinforced concrete for use in making roof structures as described in the invention. The half-girder 410 is made in a corresponding mould, has a near end 411 and a far end, and may have a flat intrados and a flat or sloping extrados. It has its respective reinforcement - not shown - to which it is bound by means of the appropriate stirrups, at least two upper metal bars 413, each of which have an end 414 protruding from the near end 411, near the extrados, and at least a couple of lower bars 415, each of which have an end 416 protruding from the near end, but near the intrados. The ends 14, 16 of the bars 413, 415 are threaded in such a way as to be able to screw at least one blocking nut 417 onto each one. In order to create a roof structure with a polygonal shape, as shown in Fig. 12, it is necessary to use half-girders 410 placed in sunburst formation and with their near ends 411 fixed to central ring elements 418, 419, consisting of plates reinforced with additional gussets and having as many sides as there are half-girders used - Figs 13 and 14. One ring element 418 is placed at the top, at the level of the upper bars 413 of the half-girders and has holes 418' to allow the threaded ends 414 of said bars to pass through; a second ring element 419 is located at the bottom, at the level of the lower bars 415 and has holes 419' to receive the ends 416 of these bars. In this way, the near ends 411 of the half-girders 410 are fixed to the central rings 418, 419 by means of safety nuts 417, which are screwed onto the threaded ends of the connecting rods 413, 415. Meanwhile, the far ends 412 of the girders are made to rest on pillars 420, thereby creating the formation of the girders for the roofing required - Fig. 15. Similarly, the same half-girders 410 can be used to build roof structures with an elliptical shape, as shown in Fig. 16, for example. The near ends of some of the half-girders 410 placed in sunburst formation are therefore fixed in the same way to semicircular elements 428, 429 - Fig. 17. These are connected lengthwise by means of continuous stringer plates 430, which can be as long as required and which are joined cross-ways by buttresses 431, which are also stringer plates. The stringers 430 may be formed by various plates joined together by means of bolted head plates 430', and they have holes for receiving the threaded ends of the connecting axes 413, 415 of the half-girders 432 placed in parallel between them, in the space between the two groups of half-girders in sunburst formation fixed at either end in the semicircular elements 428, 429.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Girder in reinforced cement with a flat intrados and a flat or sloping extrados, characterised by the fact of its being composed of two symmetrical halves or half- girders (13, 14; 313, 314), with adjacent parts meeting b in a plane mid-way ( 15; 315) which is perpendicular to the intrados and equipped, near the extrados, with connecting plates for bolting (16, 316), and, near the intrados, with a joint device (17, 317) with bars parallel to the said intrados. ιo 2. Girder according to claim 1, where each half-girder (13, 14; 313, 314) has its own ordinary reinforcement, characterised by the fact that each half-girder has a connecting plate (16, 316) near to the extrados which is anchored to the ordinary reinforcement by means of 1 reinforcing bars and equipped with various holes for the blocking bolts and where the joint device (17, 317) near the intrados consists of: - one or more metal bars ( 19) at the front and rear of a first half-girder (13, 33), which are bound 0 by stirrups (20) to the ordinary reinforcement of the half-girder itselζ and where each bar ends in a sleeve (21) with an internal thread that protrudes partially towards the second half- girder, - a tubular lining (23) and a coupling tube (24), in the second half-girder (14, 314), which are aligned and tied to the ordinary reinforcement of said second half-girder by means of stirrups, and where the coupling tube (24) faces and is ready to receive the protruding part of a co-axial sleeve (21) in the first half-girder once the two girder halves are brought together, and - second bars (22) which pass into said tubular linings, each having a threaded end which screws into a sleeve in the first half-girder and an opposite end equipped with a tightening nut (27) which rests against a blocking plate (26), fixed to said linings and resting against one of the solid shoulders of the second half-girder. 3. Girder according to claim 2, in which the second bars (22) and the respective end nuts (27) are accessible via a cavity (28) located in the second half-girder, which can be filled in after assembly. 4. Girder according to claim 1, where each half-girder (13, 14) has its own ordinary reinforcement, characterised by the fact that in each half-girder the connecting plate (16) near the extrados is anchored to the ordinary reinforcement by means of reinforcement bars (18) and equipped with holes ( 16') to receive the blocking bolts, and where the joint device (17) near the extrados consists of: - a tubular lining (123) in each half-girder (13, 14), which, together with a coupling tube (124), is aligned with those of the other half-girder when the two halves are brought together for joining, and - joint bars (122) which pass through the aligned tubular linings of the two half-girders and which have tightening nuts (127) at their opposite ends, said nuts resting against the blocking plate (126) and accessible via cavities which are located in the two half-girders and can be blocked up after assembly. Girder according to claim 1, where each half-girder (13, 14) has its respective ordinary reinforcement, characterised by the fact that in each half-girder the connecting plate (16) near the extrados is anchored to the ordinary reinforcement by means of reinforcement bars (18) and equipped with holes (16') to receive the blocking bolts, and where the joint device (17) near the intrados consists of: - a tubular lining (223) in each half-girder (13, 14), which, together with a coupling tube (224) aligns with those of the other half-girder when the two halves are brought together for joining, and - stranded cords (222) which pass through said aligned tubular linings and are anchored at one end to a blocking plate and tautened from the other end with cone-shaped clamps (237), accessible via a cavity located in the half-girders that is closed after assembly. 6. Girder according to any of the previous claims, in which the girder is T-shaped (like the wings of a bird) or H-shaped, with one or two ribs, respectively, at the intrados and a sill for the extrados, and where the connected plates for bolting (16) are at the level of the extrados sill and a joint device with bars (17) is at the level of the one or more intrados ribs. 7. Girder in reinforce cement, characterised by the met that it consists of two symmetrical half-girders (353, 354), with adjacent parts meeting in a vertical plane, where a first half-girder (353) incorporates at least one pair of plates (356), which stand apart with a hollow (357) between them, open towards the end of the half- girder which is intended to meet with the adjacent face of the opposite half-girder, where the other half-girder (354) includes at least one protruding end plate (358) which is designed to be housed in said hollow (357) and where the first half-girder (353) has at least one cross hole that coincides with the holes made in said plates (356, 358) in order to receive at least one pivot pin or cross-bolt (355) for joining the two half-girders once assembled. 8. Girder according to claim 7, in which the adjacent ends of the two half-girders (353, 354) have centring means (360, 361) which fit together. 9. Roof structure for buildings with a circular, polygonal, elliptical or similar shape, consisting of numerous half-girders (410), each having a near end (411) and a far end (412), characterised by the fact that each half- girder incorporates longitudinal connecting rods (413, 415), each of which has a threaded end (414, 416) that protrudes from the near end (411), and by the fact that the near ends of the half-girders are fixed to connecting means by the threaded ends of said connecting rods and with the use of safety nuts (417) which are screwed on to them, while the far ends of the half-girders rest on pillars or other supports. 10. Roof structure according to claim 9, in which each half-girder (410) incorporates one or more longitudinal connecting rods (413), with its respective threaded end protruding from the near end, next to the extrados of the half-girder, and one or more pairs of longitudinal connecting rods (415), with its respective threaded end (416) protruding from the near end, next to the intrados of the half-girder. 11. Roof structure according to claims 9 and 10, in which, b for a building with a circular or polygonal layout, said means for connecting the near ends of the half-girders (410) consist of a first ring element (418) formed by plates with holes (418') to receive the threaded ends (414) of the connecting rods, near the extrados of the ιo half-girders, and a second ring element (419) with holes (419') for receiving the threaded ends (416) of the connecting rods, near the intrados of the half- girders, the second half-girders being fastened to said ring elements with the safety nuts (417) screwed on to 1 5 said threaded ends of the connecting rods and radiating in a sunburst formation from said ring elements. 12.Roof structure according to claims 9 and 10, in which, for a building with an elliptical layout, said means for connecting the near ends of the half-girders (410) 20 include two first semicircular elements (428), facing one another and connected together by means of stringers (430), which, in turn, are joined together by buttresses (431), where the first semicircular elements and the stringers have holes for receiving the threaded 2 b ends of the connecting rods near the extrados of the half-girders, and two second semicircular elements (429), facing one another and connected together by means of stringers which, in turn, are joined together by buttresses, where the second semicircular elements and the relative stringers have holes to receive the threaded ends of the connecting rods near the intrados of the half-girders, the half-girders being fastened to said means with the nuts screwed on to the threaded ends of said rods.

Inventors: METELLI LUIGI, METELLI, LUIGI
Applicants: METELLI LUIGI, METELLI, LUIGI
Application year: 2000
Main classification: E04B7
IPC codes: E04B7, E04C3, E04C5