DEVICE FOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS

Abstract: Stud device (1) for a wall construction, particularly an insulated outer wall, having an outward wind and moisture barrier of boards, e.g. plaster boards, fastened to the studs (1) in the wall construction. To avoid the use of scaffold during the mounting of the boards and simultaneously permit an earlier sealing of the building, the stud (1) comprises two longitudinal flanges (2, 3) extending laterally from the stud (1) in opposite directions, whereby the respective board may be placed from the internal side of the wall construction in a way inwardly abutting adjacent flanges (2, 3) on two studs situated next to one another. The boards may be fastened against the flanges (2, 3) by means of clamping members (5, 6), abutting or being inserted into a bulging (4) on the stud (1) adjacent one of the flanges (2), respectively. Moreover, the invention relates to a bottom and/or top sill, particularly appropriate for use during the mounting of the wall construction.

Description: Device for wall constructions. The invention relates to a stud device for a wall construction, particularly an insulated outer wall, having an outward wind and moisture barrier of boards, e.g. plaster boards, fastened to the studs in the wall construction. In wall constructions of the kind above the boards in the outward wind and moisture barrier are fastened to longitudinal flanges on the studs previously located, for instance, between concrete floors. Each of the flanges extends laterally from a longitudinal edge of the stud and, usually, the boards are fastened with screws to the flanges on the adjacent studs. As the boards in the wind and moisture barrier in known constructions are mounted from the external side of the wall construction, a scaffold possibly having lifts must be erected before the mounting of the boards can be carried out. The mounting of the boards in the wind and moisture barrier of the wall construction from the external side involves several disadvantages. One of these is that the scaffold must be erected very early during the building process, i.e. much earlier than necessary for the subsequent mounting of the outer covering and the execution of roof operations. This results in increased costs by extended use of the scaffold itself, and possibly the hire of area for the scaffold, for instance area on pavement or street. Further, the scaffold leads to the disadvantage that the access around the building becomes far poorer, reducing the efficiency during the building operations as long as the scaffold is erected. The outward fastening of the boards to the studs is another situation increasing the costs. This is due to the fact that a large number of screws are necessary, as an example fourty, when each of the boards is fastened by screwing. As well, it is understood that the work becomes more time consuming when it has to be carried out from relatively narrow foot paths on the scaffold. Moreover, the use of fastening means in the form of screws may lead to unwanted damages on the wind and moisture barrier in the wall construction. Such damages are due to the fact that the screws are screwed far to long into the board, i. e, through the outer cardboard of the plaster board, whereby the cardboard no longer is able to "keep" wind and moisture as supposed. Experience shows that damages of this category, i. e. screws being screwed to far, are relatively common. Among other disadvantages are to be mentioned that it till now has been customary that the sealing of the building does not take place until the mounting of windows, doors and boards in the wind and moisture barrier of the outer walls. Normally, this is done when all supporting members for the shell are accomplished, i. e. after completing the casting of supporting columns and floors. Thereby the building shell remains open for a relatively long period, so that operations started inside the unsealed building will be affected negatively by weather and wind. Alternatively, it may be sealed by provisional arrangements of different kinds. It also occurs that the inside operations in the building are postponed pending that the shell shall be sealed and, of course, with the consequence that the completion of the building is delayed correspondingly. Moreover, more than one stud is necessary at corners in the wall construction, making the wall even more expensive. The aforesaid lacks and disadvantages of known wall constructions are essentially remedied by the present invention, which according to the independent claim 1 is characterized in that the stud comprises two longitudinal flanges extending laterally from the stud in opposite directions, so that the respective board may be placed from the internal side of the wall construction in a way inwardly abutting adjacent flanges on two studs situated next to one another. This involves that the scaffold no longer is needed during the mounting of the boards in the wind and moisture barrier of the wall construction, but that the mounting to the contrary may be done from the inside while the installer safely is moving on the floor construction inside the wall construction and while boards and tools are easily available within the building. Further, the boards may be fastened against the studs for instance by means of clamping members, whereby the use of screws may be avoided. Moreover, the invention relates to a bottom and/or top sill device, particularly intended to be used together with the present stud. As specified by the patent claim 9 this sill is characterized in that the sill comprises an outer flange extending longitudinally at least along one of its edges, and an additional inner flange at an appropriate distance inside the outer flange. During the mounting a recess at the end of the stud is intended to be placed on the inner flange of the sill. Thereby, it is ensured that the stud is kept in an upright position, without loosening and falling over, until the stud later possibly is adjusted into its final position and thereafter is permanently fastened to the sill. This is a considerable advantage relatively to the known sills wherein the studs continuously must be fastened to the sill during the wall mounting. Thus, the main advantages are that the period of utilizing the scaffold may be shortened, the building may be permanently sealed much earlier, the boards in the wind and moisture barrier remain intact and without holes for the fastening means, and the mounting of the studs to the sills is considerably simplified. Other advantageous features according to the present invention will be apparent from the dependent patent claims and the remainder of the description. In the following part of the description preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained, with reference to the attached drawings. Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic horisontal view through an outer wall according to the invention, which at the top demonstrates how a board in an outward wind and moisture barrier is mounted from the inside of the outer wall between two studs situated next to one another before the indicated inner covering subsequently is mounted. Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic side view and a horisontal view through a stud according to the invention, respectively, which has two flanges extending laterally from the stud in each direction and a bulging adjacent one of the flanges, whereby the respective boards of the wind and moisture barrier may be fastened by means of clamping members abutting or being inserted into the bulging, respectively. Fig. 3 illustrates the same as Fig. 2, except that the stud outside the flanges exhibits a rail having apertures for cramp irons in an outer covering of brickwork. Fig. 4 illustrates the same as Fig. 2, except that the stud outside the flanges exhibits a rail having an outer transversal fastening portion for an outer covering of stone boards. Fig. 5 illustrates a schematic side view and a horisontal view through a stud for an outward corner in the wall, respectively, wherein the respective boards are fastened by their own pair of flanges forming an angle of about 45° with the stud. Fig. 6 illustrates the same as Fig. 5, except that the stud outside the flanges exhibits a rail having an outer fastening portion for an outer covering of stone boards which is angled in the same manner as the flanges. Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic side view and a horisontal view through a stud for an inward corner in the wall, respectively, wherein the respective boards are fastened by their own pair of flanges forming an angle of about 135° with the stud. Fig. 8 illustrates the same as Fig. 7, except that the stud outside the flanges exhibits a rail having an outer fastening portion for an outer covering of stone boards which is angled in the same manner as the flanges. Fig. 9 illustrates another embodiment according to the invention, wherein the flanges and the bulging are provided with teeth, and wherein the clamping members are angled. Fig. 10 illustrates still another embodiment according to the invention, wherein the clamping members also are toothed. Fig. 11 illustrates a bottom and/or top sill, particularly appropriate for use in the present wall construction. As illustrated in Fig. 1 the wall construction having the studs 1 according to the invention comprises an outward wind and moisture barrier of plaster boards 14 and an inward covering of plaster boards 15, although another material than plaster may be used in these boards. In the usual manner the wall has a diffusion barrier 16 at the inner covering and an insulating material (not shown) between the plaster boards 14, 15. The inner boards 15 are fastened, e.g. fastened by screws, to flanges 12 extending laterally from a longitudinal edge on the studs 1. Preferably, the studs 1 are made of metal, e.g. aluminium, rolled steel, etc. and with standard width of four, five or six inches but may, if desired, be made in another way, of another material, e.g. plastic or another artificial material, and with other widths. Further, the studs 1 may be provided with or without apertures 13 for running through pipes, cables, etc. and possibly comprise means (not shown) preventing the creation of thermal bridges. Moreover, the studs are fastened in a known manner to top and bottom sills fastened to, for instance, floors of concrete. The spacing between the top and bottom sills and the respective floor may be sealed using sealing strips (not shown) of foamed plastic and the like. The studs may also be kept in the correct distance from one another by spacer pieces (not shown) situated at the top and bottom sills. The wall construction may have apertures (not shown) for windows, doors, etc. and possibly nailing strips for the inner covering, for hanging, for instance, cupboards, armature, etc. Each stud 1 has, for fastening the piaster boards 14 in the wind and moisture barrier, two longitudinal flanges 2, 3 extending laterally in opposite directions from an edge on the stud 1 opposite the flange 12 for the inner covering 15. Normally, the flanges 2, 3 form an angle of about 90° with the stud 1 but by selecting another angle the stud may also be used when the wall construction exhibits corners, a curved extension and the like. Moreover, the stud 1 has a bulging 4 situated adjacent one of the flanges 2. By selecting an appropriate distance between the bulging 4 and the flange 2, the board 14 may be fastened by means of a clamping member 5 abutting the bulging 4 in order to clamp the board 14 against the flange 2, as shown in Fig. 1. On the opposite side of the stud 1 the board 14 is clamped against the flange 3 by means of a clamping member 6 being inserted into the bulging 4. Each of the clamping members 5, 6 may have a length totally or partially corresponding to the heigth of the wall or be constituted of a number relatively short pieces being placed at selected distances over the heigth of the wall. The clamping members are made of an appropriate material, e.g. aluminium, steel or plastic. During the mounting, as also indicated at the top in Fig. 1 , the board 14 at first is inserted into the slit between the bulging 4 and the flange 2 while it is held a little aslant, and is thereafter brought into engagement with the opposite flange 3 on the next stud and finally clamped with the clamping members 5, 6 placed on two studs 1 next to one another. As mentioned above this involves that the boards 14 may be mounted into inward engagement against adjacent flanges 2, 3 on two studs 1 next to one another while the installer is moving safely and easily on the floor inside the wall construction. As illustrated in Fig. 5, by allowing the flanges 2, 3 to form an angle of about 45° with the stud, it may be used to fasten boards 14 at an outward corner. If the flanges 2, 3 form an angle of about 135° with the stud 1 , see Fig. 7, it may be used to fasten the boards at an inward corner. In both instances the stud 1 additionally exhibits two inner flanges 10, 11 being near and mainly parallel to the outer flanges 2, 3, whereby the boards gathering in a right angle at the stud 1 may be fastened between their own outer flanges 2, 3 and the inner flanges 10, 11. By having other extensions of the angles for the outer flanges 2, 3 and the inner flanges 10, 11 , the stud may be utilized in a wall construction having corners not being right-angled, or possibly when the wall is curved. The flanges 2, 3 incline or curve slightly towards the board 14 at the end portion opposite the stud 1 , so that the end portion will be forced slightly into the board 14 when the clamping members 5, 6 clamp the boards 14 into engagement against the flanges 2, 3. In the cases of studs 1 for corners the inner flanges 10, 11 have, for instance, a rim extending inwardly towards the outer flanges 2, 3 at the end portion opposite the stud 1. Thereby, the rims will cause that the end portions on the outer flanges 2, 3 are forced slightly into the boards when these are brought into engagement against the flanges on studs 1 next to one another. Each stud 1 may additionally comprise fastening means for a outer covering, for instance of brickwork or stone boards, if so, these are provided on the stud 1 outside the flanges 2, 3. In Fig. 3 an embodiment is illustrated having fastening means for brickwork in the form of a longitudinal rail 7 extending from the flanges 2, 3 in the extension of the stud 1. The rail 7 exhibits apertures 8 adapted for fitting of cramp irons (not shown) fixed by the mortar between bricks in the outer covering. As shown in Fig. 4, when an outer covering of stone boards, or possibly another appropriate board material, shall be used, the rail has an outer transversal fastening portion 9 to which the stone boards may be fastened in a suitable manner. The rail 7 may be selected with a width enabling ventilation behind the outer covering. As shown in Figs. 6 and 8 the fastening portions 9 for the corner studs extend on each side of the rail 7 at the same angle as the outer flanges 2, 3. Likewiseiy, the fastening means of the corner studs 1 for the outer covering are in the form of a rail 7 having apertures 8 for cramp irons. In Figs. 9 and 10 are illustrated alternative embodiments of the present stud. These embodiments differ from the above in that the flanges 2, 3 are provided with their own teeth 17, 18, ridges and the like. Moreover, the bulging 4 has one or two sets of teeth 19, 20, ridges and the like, respectively, one being situated within and the other outside the bulging 4, so as to reduce the risk that the clamping members shall loosen. As shown in Fig. 10 the clamping members are angled and may be toothed at the end cooperating with the teeth 19, 20 on the bulging 4. One particular useful bottom and/or top sill 21 to be utilized together with the present stud is illustrated in Fig. 11. However, it will be understood that such sills 21 as well may be utilized together with other kinds of studs usually used during wall mounting. The sill 21 has an outer flange 22 extending longitudinally at least at one of its longitudinal edges. At an appropriate distance inside the outer flange 22 the sill additionally exhibits an inner flange 23 extending parallelly to the outer flange 22. As shown in Fig. 11 the inner flange 23 is a little shorter than the outer flange 22. Moreover, its upper portion is provided with ridges 24 and the like and possibly an inclined portion. During the mounting of the wall construction a recess (not shown) in the end of the stud 1 is brought onto the inner flange 23, so that the studs may be kept in an upright position before they thereafter possibly are adjusted into correct position and permanently fastened to the flange 22 of the sill. Further, the boards 14 in the wind and moisture barrier permit fastening to the adjacent flanges 2, 3 using not shown fastening means, e.g. double-sided tape, screws, etc. This manner of fastening involves that the bulging 4 and the clamping members 5, 6, or the inner flanges 10, 1 1 in the case of corners, may be omitted, simplifying the structure of the stud.

Claims: Claims 1. Stud device (1) for a wall construction, particularly an insulated outer wall, having an outward wind and moisture barrier of boards, e.g. plaster boards, fastened to the studs (1) in the wall construction, characterized in that the stud (1) comprises two longitudinal flanges (2, 3) extending laterally from the stud (1) in opposite directions, so that the respective board may be placed from the internal side of the wall construction, inwardly abutting adjacent flanges (2, 3) on two studs. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanges (2, 3) form an angle of about 90° with the stud (1). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stud (1) comprises a bulging (4) situated adjacent one of the flanges (2), so that the respective board may be fastened by means of clamping members (5, 6) abutting or being inserted into the bulging (4), respectively. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanges (2, 3) form an angle of about 45° or about 135° with the stud (1), respectively, whereby the stud may be used in an outward or inward corner of the wall construction, respectively. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the stud (1) comprises two additional inner flanges (10, 11) situated adjacent and mainly parallel to the outer flanges (2, 3), whereby the respective boards may be fastened. 6. Device according to claim 2 and 4, characterized in that the respective boards are fastened to the adjacent flanges (2, 3) using fastening means, e.g. double-sided tape. 7. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stud (1) outwardly of the flanges (2, 3) comprises means (7, 8; 7, 9) for fastening of an outer covering. 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the fastening means for the outer covering are in the form of a rail (7) extending outwardly mainly in the extension of the stud (1), wherein the rail (7) has apertures (8) for accommodating cramp irons for a brickwork covering and the like or an external transversal or angled fastening portion (9) for a board covering, e.g. a stone board covering, respectively. 9. A bottom and/or top sill device, particularly intended to be used together with the stud according to the claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the sill (21) comprises a outer flange (22) extending longitudinally at least along one of its longitudinal edges, and additionally an inner flange (23) at an appropriate distance inside of the outer flange (22). 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the inner flange (23) has a smaller height than the outer flange and is provided with grooves (24) adjacent its upper edge.

Inventors: FJELD TORE, FJELD, TORE
Applicants: FJELD TORE, FJELD, TORE
Application year: 2000
Main classification: E04B2
IPC codes: E04B2