An electric drive spindle

Abstract: In a drive spindle an electric motor (3) has an output shaft (4) which defines a spindle (5) able to receive an associated tool (10) and associated with an attachment device (11) movable between a position in which it locks the tool (10) on the spindle (5) and a release position; the operative conditions both of the spindle (5) and of the attachment device (11) being detectable by means of a single monitoring optical sensor (33).

Description: The present invention relates to an electric drive spindle. In particular, the present invention relates to an electric drive spindle of the type comprising an electric motor provided with a tubular output shaft defining a tool-carrier spindle; attachment means associated with the said spindle to fix a tool axially to the spindle itself; and a plurality of actuator means to drive the spindle to rotate about its own axis and to displace the attachment means with respect to the spindle, between a position in which it locks the tool onto the spindle and a release position. Generally, in use, known electrical drive spindle of the above-described type perform different operating sequences the practicability of which is tied to particular operating conditions of the tool itself. For example, the displacement of the attachment means to the release position must be prevented when the spindle is in motion. Consequently, for the purpose of guaranteeing operation in complete safety and efficiency of the electric drive spindle, operating parameters such as the different positions of the various members constituting the attachment means and the speed of rotation of the spindle must be continuously monitored. In general, in known electric drive spindles of the above-described type, the monitoring of the above-mentioned operating parameters is effected by means of a plurality of sensors (at least four), normally of the inductive type, which are mounted on the associated electric drive spindle and the axial position of which on the axis of rotation of the spindle must be adjusted manually from the outside. Moreover, in that the dimensions of the machines on which drive spindles are installed must be maintained within determined values, the drive spindles themselves must normally be disposed in relatively small spaces to which, however, it is necessary to be able to gain access from the outside in order to be able to perform the said adjustments on the axial position of the said sensors. From the above explanation it results that the known drive spindles of the type described above are relatively expensive because of the high number of sensors utilised, and relatively complex in that the adjustment operations of the said inductive sensors are made particularly complicated and lengthy both because of their high number and because of the relatively narrow spaces in which the drive spindles themselves are housed. Document US 3,520,228 discloses a drive spindle comprising a tool-carrier spindle; a drawbolt for axially locking a tool onto the spindle; a plurality of actuator means for driving the spindle to rotate about its axis and to actuate the drawbolt between a position locking the tool onto the spindle and a release position; and control means controlling the actuator means. The drawbolt is a movable member operable both to rotate with the spindle about its axis and to rotate relative to the spindle between the locking position and the release position and the control means comprises a single sensor able to detect the angular position of the drawbolt and, thus, of the spindle. The object of the present invention is to provide a drive spindle which will be free from the above-explained disadvantages. According to the present invention there is provided a drive spindle as claimed in Claim 1. In a preferred embodiment of the above-defined drive spindle the said attachment means comprise a grip member rotatable with the said spindle about the said axis and operable to engage a shank of the said tool, and the said actuator means comprise first actuator means for driving the said spindle to rotate about the said axis and second actuator means for displacing the said grip member between the said locking position and the said release position; the said reference member forming part of the said second actuator means. In particular, preferably, the said first actuator means comprise an electric motor provided with a tubular output shaft which is coaxial with the said axis and defines the said spindle; the said reference member comprising a support rod connected to the said grip member and housed in the said tubular shaft for rotation therewith; the said rod being couple axially slidably to the said tubular shaft to displace the said grip member between the said locking position and the said release position. The present invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawing which illustrates in axial section a non-limitative embodiment thereof. With reference to Figure 1, the reference numeral 1 generally indicates a drive spindle comprising a tubular outer casing 2 housing within it an electric motor 3 of known type, which comprises a rotor 3a fitted onto a tubular output shaft 4 a free end section of which defines a rotary tool-carrier spindle 5 turnable with respect to the casing 2 and, by means of the interposition of rolling element bearings 6, turnable about its own longitudinal axis 7. The spindle 5 projects partially from the casing 2 and has a seat 8 (in the specific example a taper seat) able to receive and centre a shank 9 of an associated tool 10 of known type. The drive spindle 1 further includes an attachment device 11 comprising, in turn, a grip member 12 able to engage the said tool shank 9, and an actuator device 13 able to displace the grip member 12 itself between a locking position (as shown in the drawing) of the tool 10 on the spindle 5 and a release position (not illustrated). The actuator device 13 includes a substantially cylindrical rod 14 which is housed within the shaft 4 coaxial with the axis 7 and which is coupled in an angularly fixed and axially slideable manner to the shaft 4 itself. The rod 14 carries the said grip member 12 connected, at its end 15 facing the seat 8 of the spindle 5, which comprises a hub 16 coupled in such a way as to be axially and angularly fixed to the end 15 itself, and a plurality of arms 17 (only two of which are visible in the attached figure) which are uniformly spaced about the axis 7, project axially towards the seat 8 from the hub 16 and are each provided with a respective locking ball 18 housed within an associated radial seat 19 passing through a free end of the associated arm 17. Each seat 19 is shaped in such a way as to permit the associated ball 18 to be displaced transversely of the axis 7 when the rod 14, and therefore the grip member 12, are displaced in a manner which will be described better hereinafter, in a displacement direction A parallel to the axis 7 between the said locking and release positions. The actuator device 13 further includes a pair of springs 20 coaxial with the axis 7, which are disposed in series with one another and are interposed between the rod 14 and the shaft 4 to displace, and normally maintain, the rod 14 itself and, therefore, the grip member 12 in their locking position. The actuator device 13 finally includes an actuator cylinder 21 which is housed within the tubular casing 2 on the side opposite the spindle 5 and in a position coaxial with the electric motor 3, which is provided with a pneumatic actuating piston 22 which is slidably mounted within a hole 23 coaxial with the axis 7 and defined within the actuator cylinder 21 itself. The piston 22 comprises a substantially cylindrical bell 24 which is coaxial with the axis 7, closed at one end by a bottom wall 25 substantially perpendicular to the axis 7 itself, and engaged in an axially slidable manner by one end of the rod 14 opposite the end 15. The piston 22 further includes two substantially cylindrical plates 27 which are fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the bell 24 and are disposed perpendicularly of the axis 7. When the rod 14 and the grip member 12 are disposed, under the thrust of the springs 20, in their locking positions, the piston 22 is disposed in a rest position in which, to allow the rod 14 to turn about the axis 7 without sliding on the piston 22 itself, the bottom wall 25 of the bell 24 is maintained at a given distance from the said end 26 of the rod 14 by means of at least one spring 28 which lies parallel to the axis 7 and is interposed between one of the plates 27 and the actuator cylinder 21. The piston 22 is movable, under the thrust of a pneumatic device 29 of known type and against the thrust of the springs 20 and 28, from the said rest position to an operative position (not illustrated) in which the bottom wall 25 of the bell 24 is disposed in contact with the end 26 of the rod 14 to displace the rod 14 itself and the grip member 12 to their release positions. In use, when there is no tool 10 in the seat 8 of the spindle 5 the rod 14 and the piston 22 of the actuator cylinder 21 are normally disposed, under the thrust of the springs 20 and 28, in their locking position and rest position respectively. In these conditions the drive spindle 1 is displaced to permit the seat 8 to be engaged by the shank 9 of a tool 10 to be gripped; simultaneously, the pneumatic device 29 is activated to cause axial displacement of the piston 22 and, therefore, the rod 14, following which the piston 22 is disposed in its operative position and the rod 14, together with the grip member 12 are disposed in the release position. During displacement of the rod 14 from its locking position to its release position the balls 18 of the grip member 12, by becoming displaced transversely of the axis 7, engage an annular cavity 30 formed on an inner surface of the spindle 5 in such a way as to become displaced by a distance from one another which approximates, with an excess, the diameter of one end 31 of the tail 9 of the tool 10 to be gripped, and therefore permits the arms 17 of the grip member 12 to engage the end 31 itself. At this point the pneumatic device 29 is disactivated and the piston 22 and the rod 14 are again displaced under the thrust of the springs 20 and 28 into their rest and locking positions respectively. During the displacement of the rod 14 from its release position to its locking position the balls 18 come out from the said annular cavity 30 and are disposed at a distance from one another which approximates to the diameter of the end 31 of the tail 9, and therefore allow the grip member 12 to engage the end 31 itself and to draw the tail 9 completely into the interior of the associated seat 8. Obviously, a tool 10 mounted on the drive spindle 1 can be released by means of a sequence of operations entirely similar to those described above. From the above description it is evident that the rod 14 is formed and disposed in such a way that it can be considered as a reference member for detecting the axial and/or angular positions with respect to the axis 7 of the movable members of the electric motor 3 and the actuator device 13, that is to say of the positions of the spindle 5 and the piston 22. In this respect the axial and angular position of the rod 14 with respect to the axis 7 is detected by means of a monitoring device 32 comprising a single optical sensor 33, in particular a sensor constituted by a linear CCD array, that is to say an optical sensor constituted by a row of CCD sensors parallel to the axis 7 itself. The sensor 33 is housed in the actuator cylinder 21 in a position facing a slot 34 which is formed through the bell 24 of the piston 21, extends parallel to the axis 7 and in turn faces a portion 35 of the end 26 of the rod 14 extending out from the shaft 4. For the purpose of sending to the sensor 33 detector signals of the angular positions and, respectively, axial positions of the rod 14 with respect to the axis 7 the said portion 34 has two flat reflecting faces 36 disposed in diametrically opposite positions on the portion 35 itself and, respectively, two sets of annular surfaces 37 and 38, of which the surfaces 37 are reflecting surfaces defined on the outer surface of the portion 35 and the surfaces 38 are opaque surfaces alternating with the surfaces 37 and each defined by the surface of an annular groove 39 formed on the said outer surface of the portion 35 itself. The sensor 33 is connected by means of a connection cable 40 extending through the actuator cylinder 21 and the casing 2 to a control panel 41 of known type, which is disposed outside the casing 2 itself and allows the sensor 33 to be callibrated electronically by means of the two axial limit positions of the rod 14. The use of the optical sensor 33 in the drive spindle 1 provides, therefore, several advantages with respect to drive spindles of known type, the main one of which consists in a significant reduction in the costs of the drive spindle 1 itself due to the use of a single optical sensor 33 in place of the plurality of inductive sensors used until now. A further advantage of the drive spindle one is, moreover, represented by the fact that the adjustment and calibration of the optical sensor 33 is considerably easier in that it can be effected electronically by acting directly on the control panel 41 disposed outside the casing 2.

Claims: A drive spindle comprising a tool-carrier spindle (5); attachment means (12) for axially locking a tool (10) onto the spindle (5); and a plurality of actuator means (3, 13) for driving the spindle (5) to rotate about its axis (7) and to actuate the said attachment means (12) between a position locking the said tool (10) onto the said spindle (5) and a release position; each said actuator means (3, 13) comprising at least one movable member (5, 14, 22) able to vary its axial and/or angular position with respect to the said axis (7); and control means (32) controlling the said actuator means (3, 13); at least one said movable member (14) being a reference member (14) formed and disposed in such a way as to be a detector for the axial and/or angular position of all the other movable members (5, 22); the said reference member (14) being a movable member (14) operable to perform first displacements consisting of rotation with the said spindle (5) about the said axis; the said monitoring means (32) comprising a single sensor (33) able to detect the said first displacements; and characterised in that the said reference member (14) is operable to perform second displacements relative to the spindle (5) in a displacement direction (A) parallel to the said axis (7); the said sensor (33) being operable to detect the said second displacements and a position assumed by the said reference member (14) along the said axis (7). A drive spindle according to Claim 1, in which the said sensor (33) is an optical sensor (33) comprising a plurality of CCD sensors disposed in a row parallel to the said axis (7) and facing a portion (35) of the said reference member (14). A drive spindle according to claim 1 or 2, in which the said attachment means (12) comprise a grip member (12) rotatable with the said spindle (5) about the said axis (7) and able to engage a shank (9) of the said tool (10), and the said actuator means (3, 13) comprise first actuator means (3) for driving the said spindle (5) to rotate about the said axis (7), and second actuator means (13) for displacing the said grip member (12) between the said locking position and the said release position; the said reference member ( 14) forming part of the said second actuator means (13). A drive spindle according to Claim 3, in which the said first actuator means (3) comprise an electric motor (3) provided with a tubular output shaft (4) which is co-axial with the said axis (7) and defines the said spindle (5); the said reference member (14) comprising a support rod (14) connected to the said grip member (12) and housed in the said tubular shaft (4) for rotation therewith; the said rod (14) being coupled in an axially slidable manner to the said tubular shaft (4) to displace the said grip member (12) between the said locking position and the said release position. A drive spindle according to Claim 4, in which the said second actuator means (13) further comprise first thrust means (20) acting on the said rod (14) to displace the said grip member (12) from the said release position to the said locking position, and second thrust means (21) acting on the said rod (14) to displace the said grip member (12) from the said locking position to the said release position. A drive spindle according to Claim 5, in which the said first thrust means (20) are resilient thrust means operable to maintain the said grip member (12) normally in the said locking position. A drive spindle according to Claim 5 or 6, in which the said first thrust means (20) comprise at least one spring (20) coaxial with the said axis (7) and interposed between the said tubular shaft (4) and the said rod (14), and the said second thrust means (21) comprise an actuator cylinder (21) in which a piston (22) is movable parallel to the said axis (7) to cause axial displacement to the said rod (14). A drive spindle according to Claim 7, in which the said piston (22) comprises a tubular body (24) coaxial with the said axis (7); the said rod (14) having an end portion (26) extending from the said spindle (5) and within the said tubular body (24). A drive spindle according to Claim 8, in which the said end portion (26) has a substantially cylindrical shape and includes first reflector means (37, 38) defined by a succession of first annular reflecting surfaces (37) and a series of second opaque annular surfaces (38) alternating with the said first annular reflecting surfaces (37); the said sensor (33) facing the said end portion (26) of the said rod (14). A drive spindle according to Claim 9, in which the said end portion (26) includes second reflector means (36) defined by two flat faces (36) disposed in diametrically opposite positions on the end portion (26) itself. A drive spindle according to Claim 10, in which a slot (34) is formed axially through the said piston (22) at the said end portion (26) of the said rod (14) to render the said first (37, 38) and second (36) reflector means visible from the said optical sensor (33). A drive spindle according to any preceding Claim, in which the said reference member (14) has two axial limit positions; the drive spindle further including a tubular outer casing (2) and regulator means (41) for calibrating the said sensor (33) by means of the said two axial limit positions; the said regulator means (41) being electronic regulator means (41) disposed outside the said tubular casing (2).

Inventors: SELCI GIANCARLO, SELCI, GIANCARLO
Applicants: H S D S P A, H.S.D. S.P.A.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: B23Q17
IPC codes: B23Q5, B23B31, B23Q17