TECHNOLOGY FOR ATTACHING FACING SYSTEM TO INSULATION PRODUCT

Abstract: An insulation product includes an elongated batt (110) of fibrous insulation material, and a facing (64) adhered to a major surface of the batt. The facing is a coextruded polymer film of barrier (80) and bonding (82) (and preferably carrier (84)) layers, with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer. The bonding layer can include one or more of ethylene N-butyl acrylate, ethylene methyl acrylate, low density polyethylene and ethylene ethyl acrylate. When the facing has been heated to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point of the barrier layer, the facing is adhered to the batt by the attachment of the bonding layer to the fibers in the batt due to the softening of the bonding layer. The heating can be either conduction heating or ultrasonic heating. For ultrasonic heating, the bonding layer is resonant at a different ultrasonic frequency than the barrier layer. The insulation product can be singly-faced (60) or doubly-faced (1424), and the edges of the double-facing can be joined to form an encapsulated product.

Description: TECHNOLOGY FOR ATTACHING FACING SYSTEM TO INSULATION PRODUCT TECHNICAL FIELD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to fibrous insulation products, and in particular those insulation products of the type suitable for insulating buildings. More specifically, this invention pertains to insulation products having a facing system for providing a vapor barrier and/or for assisting in handling the insulation products. The invention also relates to technology for attaching the facing system to insulation products BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Fibrous insulation is typically formed by fiberizing molten material and depositing the fibers on a collecting conveyor. Typically the fibers for insulation products are mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, although some insulation products are made of organic fibers, such as polypropylene and polyester. Most fibrous insulation products contain a binder material to bond the fibers together where they contact each other, forming a lattice or network. The binder gives the insulation product resiliency for recovery after packaging, and provides stiffness and handleability so that the product can be handled and applied as needed in the insulation cavities of buildings. During manufacturing the insulation is cut into lengths to form individual insulation products, and the insulation products are packaged for shipping to customer locations. One typical insulation product is an insulation batt, usually about 8 feet (2.44 meters) long, and generally suitable for use as wall insulation in residential dwellings, or as insulation in the attic and floor insulation cavities in buildings. The width of insulation batts designed for wall cavities is set to typical insulation cavity widths, such as about 14.5 inches (36.83 centimeters (cm)) or 22.5 inches (57.15 cm) for stud spacings of 16 inches (40.64 cm) and 24 inches (60.96 cm), respectively. Some insulation products have a facing on one of the major surfaces. In many cases the facing acts as a vapor barrier, and in some insulation products, such as binderless products, the facing gives the product integrity for handleability. Faced insulation products are installed with the facing placed flat on the edge of the msulation cavity, typically the interior side or edge of the insulation cavity. Insulation products where the facing is a vapor barrier are commonly used to insulate wall, floor or ceiling cavities that separate a warm interior space from a cold exterior space. The vapor barrier is usually placed to prevent moisture-laden air from the warm interior of the dwelling from entering the insulation. Otherwise, the water vapor in the warm interior air would enter the insulation material and then cool and condense within the insulation. This would result in a damp insulation product, which is incapable of performing at its designed efficiency. In warm climates it is sometimes preferable to install the vapor barrier on the exterior side of the insulation cavity to reduce the amount of vapor entering the building during the air conditioning season. The stiffness of typical asphalt-kraft-faced insulation enhances the difficulty of such installations. There are some insulation product requirements that call for insulation that is not vapor impermeable, but rather allows water vapor to pass through. For example, retrofit insulation products designed for adding additional insulation material on top of existing attic insulation should not have a vapor barrier. Also, insulation for wall cavities having a separate full wall vapor barrier, such as a 4.0 mil polyethylene film on the interior or warm side of the wall, do not require a vapor barrier on the insulation product itself. Encapsulation of fibrous glass batts for handling purposes is known. The Schelhorn patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,277,955 to Schelhorn et al.) discloses an encapsulated batt with an encapsulation material adhered with an adhesive that can be applied in longitudinal stripes, or in patterns such as dots, or in an adhesive matrix. The Schelhorn et al. patent also discloses that an alternative method of attachment is for the adhesive layer to be an integral part of the encapsulation film, which, when softened, bonds to the fibers in the batt. The Syme patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,733,624 to Syme et al.) discloses a mineral fiber batt impregnated with a coextruded polymer layering system, and the Romes patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,746,854 to Romes et al.) discloses a method for impregnating a mineral fiber batt with a coextruded film. Both of these patents disclose attaching the coextruded film to the batt by heating at least the coextruded film if not also the batt. The heat energy is primarily transferred by conduction to the film as the film passes against a heated cylinder. Optional radiant infrared (IR) heaters are also disclosed as a supplemental source of heat energy. Attaching the coextruded film in this manner has some disadvantages. Heating cannot be abruptly terminated or quickly varied. The heated cylinder of the Syme patent and the Romes patent is a large reservoir of temperature that cannot change its temperature quickly. In addition, target areas to be heated cannot be energized with great precision. Because of the need to come in close proximity to the hot surface of the heated cylinder, areas near the targeted areas are also inadvertently heated, creating a significant penumbra of unwanted temperature elevation. Vapor barriers for insulation products are typically created with a layer of asphalt in conjunction with a kraft paper or foil facing material. The asphalt layer is applied in molten form and it is pressed against the fibrous insulation material before hardening to bond the kraft facing material to the insulation material. This asphalt and kraft paper system has the advantage of being relatively inexpensive. However, this facing system lacks flexibility because the asphalt/kraft layer is stiff, and working with the stiff asphalt/kraft facing slows down the installation of the insulation products. Also, cutting the facing without tearing the kraft paper is difficult in cool ambient temperatures because the asphalt can be brittle. Further, and the asphalt material is sticky in hot ambient temperatures, resulting in a gumming up of the cutting tool. Even though the batts are manufactured to fit typical insulation cavities, many of the insulation cavities in buildings are of nonstandard dimensions. Window frames, door jambs, vent pipes, air ducts and electrical conduit are some of the typical obstructions that change the shape of the insulation cavity. During the process of installing the batts a significant portion of the batts must be cut to fit these non standard insulation cavities. In some dwellings up to 50 percent of the insulation cavities are nonstandard. Therefore, an important attribute of a faced building insulation product is the ease with which the facing can be cut and the ability of the facing to be placed flat on the edge of the insulation cavity after the facing has been cut. If the facing is not flat on the edge of the insulation cavity, the vapor barrier will be only partially effective. Further, insulation customers desire a smooth facing that is relatively flat on the edge of the insulation cavity. In view of the above problems with currently available insulation products, it would be advantageous if there could be developed a faced insulation product (and technology for the attachment thereof) having a facing material that can be easily cut to fit into nonstandard insulation cavities, and having a facing material that is flexible enough that it can accommodate faster installation of the cut insulation product into nonstandard insulation cavities with the facing in a flat condition at the edge of the insulation cavity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed, in part, to an insulation product comprising an elongated batt of fibrous insulation material, and a facing adhered to a major surface of the batt, wherein the facing is a coextruded polymer film of barrier and bonding layers, with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer, where the bonding layer can include one or more of ethylene N-butyl acrylate, ethylene methyl acrylate ethylene ethyl acrylate, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate, and wherein the facing has been heated to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point of the barrier layer, whereby the facing is adhered to the batt by the attachment of the bonding layer to the fibers in the batt due to the softening of the bonding layer. The invention is also, in part, directed to an insulation product comprising an elongated batt of fibrous insulation material, and a facing adhered to a major surface of the batt, wherein the facing is a coextruded polymer film of barrier, carrier and bonding layers, with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer, and with the carrier layer being positioned between the barrier and bonding layers, wherein the facing has been heated to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point of the barrier layer, whereby the facing is adhered to the batt by the attachment of the bonding layer to the fibers in the batt due to the softening of the bonding layer. The invention is also, in part, directed to a method of making an insulation product comprising positioning a facing in contact with a major face of an elongated batt of fibrous insulation material, wherein the facing is a coextruded polymer film of barrier and bonding layers, with the bonding layer including one or more of ethylene N-butyl acrylate, ethylene methyl acrylate, LDPE and ethylene ethyl acrylate, and with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer, and heating the facing to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point (or bond initiation temperature, BIT) of the barrier layer, while maintaining the facing in contact with the batt to soften the bonding layer to an extent sufficient attach the bonding layer to the fibers in the batt and thereby adhere the facing to the batt. The invention is also, in part, directed to a method for installing an msulation product and a correspondingly insulated studded wall. The method comprises providing an insulation product including an elongated batt of fibrous insulation material and a facing adhered to a major surface of the batt. The facing is a coextruded polymer film of barrier and bonding layers, with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer. The facing has been heated to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point of the barrier layer, whereby the facing is adhered to the batt by the attachment of the bonding layer to the fibers in the batt due to the softening of the bonding layer. The facing has no flanges. The method further comprises installing the insulation product in an insulation cavity by pressing the insulation product into place between opposed structural members. Alternatively, the copolymer facing can be installed as a separate continuous sheet across the cavities in the studded wall. The invention is also, in part, a recognition that ultrasonic bonding of films can be achieved without the high pressures and hard opposing surface (relative to the ultrasonic radiation source) of known ultrasonic welding technology. The invention is also, in part, directed to a method (and an apparatus to implement the method) for attaching a facing to a mineral fiber batt, the method comprising: providing the batt; providing the facing; positioning the facing to be in contact with the batt; and ultrasonically energizing the facing sufficient to soften a portion of the facing onto fibers of the batt. Preferably, the facing is a coextruded polymer film, the first layer of which is a bonding layer that is resonant at a first frequency of ultrasonic radiation. The second layer is preferably not resonant at the first frequency. More preferably, the second layer is a carrier layer. The invention is also, in part, directed to an apparatus for attaching at least two facings to a mineral fiber batt, the apparatus comprising: a first facing source; a first roller arranged to place a first facing from the first facing source into contact with a first side of the batt; a first heating source operable to heat a region through which passes the first facing while in contact with the batt, the heating by the first heating source being sufficient to soften a portion of the first facing onto fibers of the batt; a second facing source; a second roller arranged to place a second facing from the second facing source into contact with a second side of the batt; and a second heating source operable to heat a region through which passes the second facing while in contact with the batt, the heating by the second heating source being sufficient to soften a portion of the second facing onto fibers of the batt. The foregoing and other objectives of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus do not limit the present invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic view in perspective of typical nonstandard wall insulation cavities. Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the wall cavities of Fig. 1 , partially cut away and insulated with typical prior art insulation products. Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a faced insulation product according to the present invention, with a portion cut away. Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the insulation product of Fig. 3, partially cut away and installed into the wall cavity of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view, similar to Fig. 3, of another embodiment of the insulation product according to the present invention, having no side edge extensions or flanges. Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the insulation product according to the present invention, with a portion cut away, and having encapsulation material on the rear and sides of the insulation product. Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a first apparatus for manufacturing the insulation products according to the invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a faced insulation product of the invention, having been slit longitudinally to provide a partial batt suitable for insulating the nonstandard insulation cavity of Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view in elevation illustrating the various layers of a multilayer facing film of the invention. Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a second apparatus for manufacturing the insulation products of the invention. Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a third apparatus for manufacturing insulation products according to the invention. Fig. 12 depicts an aspect of Fig. 13 in more detail. Fig. 13 depicts a simplified schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment for manufacturing an insulation product according to the invention. The appended drawings are not necessarily drawn to a consistent scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION While the description and drawings disclose insulation products of fiberglass insulation, it is to be understood that the insulation material can be any compressible fibrous insulation material, such as rock wool, polypropylene or polyester. As shown in Fig. 1, a typical wall structure, indicated generally at 10, includes a bottom plate 12 on which rests a plurality of studs 14. The bottom plate, studs and a top plate, not shown, define the four sides of insulation wall cavities 16, 18 and 20. The front and the back of the wall cavity are typically made of drywall on the interior side and foam sheathing on the exterior, both not shown. Wall cavity 16 can be considered to be a non- standard wall cavity since it has a width much narrower than that of a typical wall cavity. Insulating wall cavity 16 will require cutting the insulation product to a narrower width. Insulation cavity 18 is also difficult to insulate since there is a vent pipe 22 running vertically within the cavity, making cavity 18 a nonstandard cavity. Insulating cavity 18 will usually require cutting an insulation batt longitudinally into two narrower insulation pieces, not shown in Fig. 1. For insulation purposes, insulation cavity 18 can be considered to comprise two partial cavities, indicated at 24 and 26, each of which must be insulated. Insulation cavity 20 is also a nonstandard cavity since the insulation material must be positioned around an electrical outlet box 28 and conduit 30. Installation of the insulation material around these obstructions requires cutting the batt to fit it around the obstruction. Other typical obstructions include door jambs, window frames, air ducts, and water pipes, all not shown. As shown in Fig. 2, a typical flanged prior art insulation product has been cut to a narrow partial insulation product 32 and installed in insulation cavity 16. Also another prior art insulation product 34 has been installed in nonstandard wall cavity 18, and another similar prior art insulation product 36 has been installed in non standard wall cavity 20. The rear of the insulation cavities 16, 18 and 20 is defined by exterior sheathing 38. It can be seen that in order to install the insulation product 34 into the nonstandard insulation cavity 18, the insulation product was split longitudinally into two partial batts 40 and 42. Further, the facing material 44, which is a kraft paper bonded to the fibrous insulation material by asphalt, has been cut to form the facing for the two partial batts 40 and 42. The facing material of insulation product 34 is attached to the studs 14 by staples 46. Although the stapling of the flanges of the insulation product 32 can be to the ends of the studs, it is preferred that the flanges be side stapled to the sides of the studs. This procedure leaves the ends or exposed edges of the studs smooth for a potentially better application of the drywall. Unfortunately the side or inset stapling of the flanges requires the asphalt/kraft facing to be bent, creating a valley-shaped depression or crease 48 running the length of the insulation product. This crease 48 is undesirable because the insulation material is prevented from flat, smooth contact with the front edge of the insulation cavity, and additionally the insulation material can be overcompressed, thereby lowering the insulation value of the insulation product. Also, the stiff asphalt/kraft facing 44 cannot always be stapled flat against the side of the stud 14, leaving fishmouth or openings 50 between the facing and the sides of the studs. The insulation of the two partial cavities also presents a problem. It can be seen that the portions of the facing material on the two partial batts 40 and 42 are slightly separated, forming a gap 52 through which water vapor can travel into the insulation material of the batt. The gap 52 is typically caused because cutting the batt and facing material is difficult when the facing material is an asphalt/kraft paper system, as shown in Fig. 2. The opening 50 and the gap 52 are undesirable aspects of the insulation job illustrated in Fig. 2. The installation of prior art insulation product 36 into insulation cavity 20 involved cutting out a portion of the fibrous insulation material around the electrical outlet box 28. If the insulation were installed without cutting out for the electrical outlet box, the insulation would be over compressed, and might even affect the drywall. Cutting the insulation to accommodate the outlet box required a portion of the flange to be removed. With a conventional asphalt/kraft facing it is difficult to obtain a good seal if a portion of a flange is missing. The difficulty in obtaining a good seal because of the cutout for the outlet box and other obstructions, and because of other imperfections in the structure, results in the openings 50 between the facing material 44 and the stud walls 14. Because of the stiffness of the asphalt/kraft facing combination, openings similar to openings 50 can occur even with standard insulation cavities having no obstructions in situations where the studs are uneven or out of alignment. As shown in Fig. 3, the insulation product of the invention, indicated generally at 60, is comprised of an elongated batt 62 of fibrous insulation material, and a facing 64 adhered to a major surface, front surface 66 of the batt 62. The fibrous insulation material is preferably fibrous glass having a density within the range of from about 0.3 to about 15.0 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (about 4.80 to about 240.2 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 )), although other densities can be used. Also, other fibers, such as mineral fibers of rock, slag or basalt, can be used as well as organic fibers such as the polymer fibers polypropylene, polyester and polysulfide, as well as other organic fibers. The fibers may be bonded together with a binder material, such as a urea phenol-formaldehyde commonly used with fiberglass insulation, or the glass fibers can be binderless. Binderless glass fibers will be capable of much greater movement within the insulation pack structure than fibers in a pack structure with binder. As used in the present specification and claims, the term "binderless" means the absence of binder materials or the presence of only small amounts of such binder materials, amounting to no more than one percent by weight of the insulation product. Addition of suppressants, for example oils, for dust control or other purposes is not considered a binder. An example of an encapsulated binderless product is disclosed in the U.S. Patent No. 5,277,955 to Schelhorn et al., as mentioned above. The facing 64 is a dual layer facing comprising a coextruded polymer film of a barrier layer 70 and a bonding layer 72. The purpose of the barrier layer 70 is to provide a tough but flexible outer surface for the insulation product 60. The barrier layer 70 is a vapor barrier, although in other embodiments of the insulation, where the insulation product does not need to provide vapor protection, the barrier layer can be vapor porous. Although the preferred form of the facing 64 is a coextruded polymer film, it is to be understood that in other forms of the invention the facing is made of a dual layer film that is not coextruded, but rather formed in another manner, such as by as adhesive, heat lamination or chemical bonding. The softening temperatures of the barrier layer 70 and bonding layer 72 are different by about 100°F (38°C) with the bonding layer having a softening point lower than the softening point of the barrier layer. During the manufacturing process the facing 64 is adhered to the batt 62 by heating the facing to a temperature above the softening point of the bonding layer, but below the softening point of the barrier layer. The facing is adhered to the batt 62 by the attachment of the bonding layer 72 to the fibers in the batt due to the softening of the bonding layer. A preferred material for the barrier layer is a high density polyethylene (HDPE) film having a softening point within the range of from about 250°F (121 °C) to about 280°F (138°C), and most preferably about 275°F (135°C). High molecular weight HDPE can also be used, but a greater cost. Another material suitable for the barrier layer is a polypropylene film having a softening point within the range of from about 330°F (166°C) to about 390°F (199°C). Other polymer films, such as polypropylene, polyester and polystyrene could also be used. A preferred material for the bonding layer is a film of one or more of ethylene N- butyl acrylate (Et-BA), ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). These materials are available from Newtech Plastics, Inc., Covington, Ohio, and they can be used alone, in combination with each other, or in combination with other materials, such as a low melt polyethylene material. The softening points of these materials are within the range of from about 100°F (38°C) to about 200°F (93 °C), and most preferably within the range of from about 120°F (49°C) to about 180°F (82°C). Preferably these ethylene acrylate materials are synthesized using a metallocene catalyst to lower the softening point. Another material potentially useful for the low melt bonding layer is a low melt or low density polyethylene, preferably synthesized using a metallocene catalyst to lower the softening point. The difference in softening temperatures for the barrier layer and the bonding layer is preferably within the range of from about 50°F (10°C) to about 225°F (107°C), and for an HDPE/ethylene acrylate system (that is, ethylene N-butyl acrylate, ethylene methyl acrylate and ethylene ethyl acrylate), the temperature difference is about 140°F (60°C). One of the great advantages of the HDPE/ethylene acrylate facing system of the invention is that the facing and insulation product can be cut easily over a broad temperature range. The bonding layer 72 is readily cuttable at even such warm temperatures as about 110°F (43°C), and will not leave a gummy residue on the cutting tool. The facing does not soften at temperatures less than about 110°F (43 °C), and is not brittle at temperatures greater than about 30°F (-1°C). Another advantage of the faced insulation product 60 of the invention is that the facing 64 is more flexible than a conventional asphalt/kraft paper facing. As measured by ASTM test D-1388 the flexural rigidity of the facing of the invention is preferably less than 500 gm cm, whereas the flexural rigidity of standard asphalt/Kraft facing is greater than about 2000 gm cm. Further, the elastic (tangent) modulus of the facing 64 of the invention, as measured by ASTM D-882, is within the range of from about 25,000 to about 200,000 pounds per square inch (psi) (about .172 to about 1.38 GPa). Typically, the elastic modulus of the facing of the invention is about 100,000 psi (.689 GPa). In its most preferred form the facing is a multilayer film 78, as shown in Fig. 9, comprising a barrier layer 80, a bonding layer 82 and a carrier layer 84. The barrier layer 80 and bonding layer 82 can be similar to the HDPE and ethylene acrylate (that is, ethylene N-butyl acrylate, ethylene methyl acrylate and ethylene ethyl acrylate) layers 70 and 72, respectively. The carrier layer can be a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with a softening point of about 230°F (110°C) or a high density polyethylene (HDPE), and the carrier layer can be reinforced by any suitable material. Using a carrier layer is particularly advantageous where the difference in softening temperatures between the barrier layer and the bonding layer is great. The carrier layer provides an insulative barrier between the barrier layer and the bonding layer during the coextrusion of the polymer film sufficient to improve the permissible difference in softening temperatures between the barrier layer and the bonding layer, preferably by at least 30°F (-1°C). Another advantage of using a carrier layer is that it allows separation of the function of the vapor barrier quality of the barrier layer and the outside surface of the facing as follows: the carrier layer (that is, the middle layer of the three layers) can be configured to be the actual vapor barrier layer, and the outside layer can be a high friction surface that is not necessarily a vapor barrier, but is a surface designed for good printability. High density polyethylene may be too slippery for good printing. In another embodiment, not shown, the multilayer facing film includes four individual layers, two HDPE layers, a carrier layer, and a bonding layer. In yet other embodiments, the number of layers can be up to eleven or greater. When exposed to fire, the facing on a fibrous pack insulation product preferably will shrink and pull away from the fibrous pack. By pulling away, the facing retards the spread of the flames. Preferably, the rate at which the facing shrinks and pulls away, that is, the debonding rate, should be small below about 150°F (66°C), and should be large above about 180°F (82°C), especially in the range of about 170°F-180°F (77°C-82°C). The embodiments of the invention that emphasize shrinking and pulling away of the facing preferably form the bonding layer of EMA, EEA, Et-BA, Surlyn or low-melt- temperature polyethylene. Where Surlyn ® (a type of ionic copolymer marketed by DuPont) is used as the bonding layer material, a flame spread (FS) has been achieved, which is comparable to conventional foil-faced products. The shrinkage of the facing does not occur instantly, so another embodiment of the invention adds a fire retardant layer to the multilayer facing. The fire retardant layer retards the spread of flames during the time it takes for the facing to unbond and then shrink. Where such a layer includes, for example, antimony oxide and a halogen, a low FS rating has been achieved. A phosphate-based fire retardant can also be used. A multilayer facing that includes a Surlyn bonding layer and a fire retardant layer should achieve an even lower FS rating. Another embodiment of the invention selects the bonding layer so that flanges formed from it will bond together when overlapped. When a flanged insulation product is installed in a studded wall cavity, the flanges are typically stapled to the studs. A stud located between neighboring cavities will typically have the flange from the insulation in one cavity stapled over the top of a flange from the insulation in the other cavity. The coextruded film facing according to the invention can be formulated so that the bonding layers, over time due to the pressure of the overlying gypsum wallboard, will bond together when overlapped as described above. In some northern areas, the building code requires that a separate continuous vapor barrier of thick polyethylene film be stapled and bonded with an adhesive over the installed (typically unfaced) insulation products. According to the invention, the separate continuous vapor barrier is preferably made of a copolymer film as discussed herein rather than thick polyethylene film. Alternatively, the insulation products incorporating the coextruded film facing according to the invention eliminate the need for such a discrete barrier because the individual facings bond together, especially if the overlapped flanges are heated, for example, with a heat gun or a heated roll. As a further alternative, the bonding layer can be formulated to be slightly tacky when cooled so as to enhance the attachment of the overlapped flanges. In another embodiment, an uppermost layer of the coextruded film facing is coated with metal and another layer is, or preferably several layers (to prevent pinholes in different layers from aligning) are, chosen to function as a vapor barrier layer. In appearance, this product will appear like a conventional foil-scrim-kraft (FSK) facing. This similar appearance of this embodiment will ease its entry into the market for FSK faced-insulation products. Though similar in appearance, such a product has superior vapor impermeability and mechanical strength relative to an FSK faced-product. The facing 64 for the insulation product 60, and the facing 78 for the multilayer product both have an overall thickness, before the bonding step, within the range of from about 0.4 to about 4 mils (about 10 to about 100 microns), and preferably within the range of from about .5 to about 1.5 mils (about 12.5 to about 37.5 microns). The two layers of the two-layer facing 64 preferably have equal thicknesses. For the multiple facing 78, preferably each of its three layers is roughly one-third of the thickness of the facing. Individual thickness could be different - example .25, .25 and .50 inch (.635, .635 and 1.27 cm). As shown in Fig. 4, the insulation product 60 of the invention is applied into nonstandard insulation cavities 16, 18 and 20. In the insulation cavity 18 the insulation product has been divided or cut into partial batts in order to fit around the vent pipe 22. Because of the flexibility and cutability of the facing 64, however, the only evidence of the fact that the insulation product 60 is divided into two partial batts is the seam 88 in the facing 64. This seam can be of minimal width, with practically no gap, as shown. Further, in contrast to the jagged gap 48 in the prior art cut asphalt/kraft facing 44 illustrated in Fig. 2, the seam 88 is relatively straight. In a similar manner, the cutting of the insulation product 60 to accommodate the electrical box 28 can be accomplished without a seam. The insulation of cavities 16, 18 and 20 with the insulation product 60, having the flexible facing 64, lends itself to a smooth appearance for the insulation product, and the friction fit of the insulation product 60 enables installation without the need for staples or other fasteners. Optionally, the seams 88 can be covered with tape to provide an absolute vapor barrier, but this should not usually be necessary with the facing of the invention. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the facing 64 can be provided with extension flaps 92 that can be tucked between the insulation product 60 and the studs 14 to provide a better vapor seal at the side edges of the insulation product. The conventional asphalt-kraft facing is too stiff to permit such tucking, as a practical matter. The extension flaps 92 could be used for stapling purposes, and therefore should also be considered stapling flanges. Preferably, the extension flaps extend about .50 to 1 inch (1.27 to 2.54 cm) beyond the side edges of the batt. When the facing is a coextruded dual or tri-layer film having a low softening point bonding layer on side facing the fibrous insulation batt, the difference in softening points and coefficients of thermal expansion between the two layers causes a curling of the extension flap toward the insulation material. This curling helps provide a good seal when the extension flap is tucked between the facing and the stud. A particular advantage of the insulation product and method of the invention is the reduction in installation time for the insulation. The elimination of the stapling of flanges for the product of the invention significantly reduces the installation time, with the installation time of the product of the invention being at least 10 percent faster, and possibly up to 50 percent faster than standard asphalt/kraft faced insulation. The time savings come from elimination of the stapling operation and eliminating the use of the stiff kraft paper that is hard to handle and install in the wall. As shown in Fig. 5, another embodiment of the invention is similar in all respects to the insulation product illustrated in Fig. 3 except that there are no extension flaps. In an alternate embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 6, an insulation product 94, has a facing 96, similar to the facing 64, on one major surface of the batt 98. This insulation product is provided with an encapsulation film 100 on the side edges 102 and rear major face 104 of the batt. The encapsulation film can be attached to the fibrous batt in any suitable manner, such as by an adhesive layer or strip. For example, a strip of hot melt adhesive can be applied in liquid form during manufacture of the insulation product. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,277,955 to Schelhorn et al. discloses an encapsulated batt with an encapsulation material adhered with an adhesive that can be applied in longitudinal stripes, or in patterns such as dots, or in an adhesive matrix. Alternatively, the encapsulation film can be securely bonded to the entire surface of the side edges and the rear major surface, such as by using a multilayer coextruded film similar to the facing 64. Such a film might be, for example, a dual film of HDPE and polyethylene (PE), with a thickness within the range of at least about 0.5 to about 0.8 mils (about 12.5 to about 20 microns) if not in range of about 0.3 to 1.5 mils (about 7.5 to about 37.5 microns). Although the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 6 includes encapsulation on the side edges and rear major surface of the batt 98, it is to be understood that another embodiment of the invention, not shown, provides encapsulation material on the rear surface only, with the side edges lacking the encapsulation material. The insulation product 94 optionally can be provided with an opening 106 in the side edge of the facing 100 to expose the glass fibers in the batt 98. The glass fibers inherently have high friction component, and therefore the opening 106 provides a friction enhancing aspect of the batt to aid in the friction fit application of the insulation product 94 into insulation cavities. Another friction enhancing element is the addition of friction surface treatment, such as a semi-tacky coating, to the side edge of the facing 100. The encapsulation material can be applied to the insulation batt by any suitable process. Apparatus suitable for directing and guiding the encapsulation material onto the glass fiber pack is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,545,279 to Hall et al., the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As shown in Fig. 7, a pack 110 of glass fibers is being carried on a conveyor 112. The manufacture of the glass fiber pack 110 is well known technology, and those skilled in the art will be aware of several conventional methods for producing glass fiber packs. The glass fiber pack is preferably a light density insulation material, having a density within the range of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 pcf (about 4.8 to about 16.01 kg/m 3 ). The glass fiber pack can be bonded with a binder material, such as a urea phenol-formaldehyde binder, as is well known in the art. Alternatively, the glass fiber pack can be binderless. A sheet of the facing material 64 is payed out from roll 114 and directed into contact with the glass fiber pack 110. The facing material 64 is pressed into forceful contact with the pack by the action of journaled pressing rolls 116 and 118, which compress the glass fiber pack by a ratio of up to about 25:1, and preferably about 5:1. The amount of compression needed will be a function of the density. The upper pressing roll 116 is heated so that the temperature of the facing 64 will increase to a point above the softening point of the bonding layer. The heating of the roll 116 can be accomplished in a variety of ways, such as by electrical resistance heating or by the circulation of hot oil. The combination of the softened bonding layer and the extreme pressure applied by the two pressing rolls 116 and 118 causes the bonding layer to firmly bond the barrier layer to the glass fiber pack 110. An alternative method of heating the bonding layer is with an infrared heater 120, as shown. Such a heater would have to be positioned immediately upstream of a pair of pressing rolls, not shown, similar to rolls 116 and 118, so that the softened bonding layer could be pressed into the fibrous batt and be integrally bonded to the batt. Alternatively, ultrasonic, laser and microwave bonding can be used. The alternative of ultrasonic bonding will be discussed in more detail below relative to Fig. 10. Optionally, a cooling section, not shown, can be used to cool the softened layer after the bonding process. As also shown in Fig. 7, the remainder of the surface of the fibrous pack 110, that is, the side edges 102 and the rear major face 104 can be encapsulated with encapsulation material or film 100 which can be supplied by encapsulation film roll 122. The film 100 can be applied using a folding shoe 124, an example of which is disclosed in the above- identified U.S. Patent No. 5,545,279 to Hall et al. As disclosed above, the encapsulation film can be bonded with small amounts of discrete adhesive bands. The adhesive can be applied in a variety of ways, such as by an adhesive nozzle 126, supplied with an appropriate adhesive from a source, not shown. In the alternative, the encapsulation film 100 can be securely bonded to the entire surface of the side edges and the rear major surface with a multilayer coextruded film similar to the facing 64, as disclosed above. Also, it is to be understood that the encapsulation material can be applied just to the rear surface, leaving the side edges unencapsulated. As shown in Fig. 8, a faced insulation product 60 of the invention has been slit longitudinally to provide partial batts 130 and 132 suitable for insulating nonstandard insulation cavities. The insulation product 60 is faced with the facing 64 of the invention, but there is no encapsulation material. The insulation product is a hindered product, and therefore the partial batts 130 and 132 will maintain their shape and handleability even when cut. Either of the partial batts is suitable for insulating nonstandard insulation cavities, such as the partial cavity 26 shown in Fig. 1, or such as the narrow cavity 16 shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a second apparatus for manufacturing the insulation products of the invention. Fig. 10 is similar to Fig. 7. The following discussion will concentrate on the differences between Fig. 10 and Fig. 7. The greatest difference is that, in Fig. 10, the energy used to melt the facing material, for example, a coextruded polymer, 64 is supplied as ultrasonic energy rather than via conduction heating. This has the benefit that the energy can be applied precisely to a desired region, that is, localized, without the unavoidable heat penumbra associated with conduction heating. Ultrasonic heating is similarly more selective than infrared (IR) heating. Moreover, ultrasonic energization can be turned on and off abruptly with little to no phase lag. In contrast, the apparatus needed to implement conduction heating cannot be cooled or heated quickly. In Fig. 10, the heated pressing roll 116 and the complimentary pressing roll 118 have been replaced by an unheated pressing roll 116A and its complimentary unheated pressing roll 118A. Together, they form a first nip or pinch. An optional, but preferred, second pinch is provided by unheated pressing rolls 116B and 118B. The first and second nips are separated by a distance sufficient to accommodate at least a first ultrasonic radiation source 128 A, located above the facing material 64. Preferably, the distance is sufficient to also accommodate a second ultrasonic radiation source 128B, located above the facing material 64. Second source 128B is preferably considered to be a redundant backup to the first source 128 A so that if the first source 128 A fails or must be serviced, the entire production line does not have to be incapacitated. Alternatively, a pair of ultrasonic radiation sources 128C and 128D could be located below the fibrous pack or batt 110. The lower location of the sources 128C and 128D is less preferred than the upper location of the sources 128A and 128B because the ultrasonic radiation must travel through the fibrous pack 110 to reach the facing material 64. In addition, the effects of gravity tend to keep the sources 128 A and 128B cleaner than the sources 128C and 128D. Also alternatively, the sources 128C and 128D could be replaced with rollers. In operation, the first nip (between the rollers 116A and 118A) compresses the facing material 64 against the fibrous pack 110 by a ratio of up to 25:1, and preferably about 5:1. The compressed pack 110 and facing material 64 pass before the first ultrasonic radiation source 128A. The source 128 emits enough energy so that a portion of the facing system melts sufficiently to permit a portion of the fibrous batt 110 to be pressed into the softened facing material 64. Preferably, the facing material is energized in a cross-hatch or web pattern, according to the technology disclosed in commonly assigned and copending U.S. patent application serial no. 09/088,990, filed June 2, 1998, for whom Bharat Patel, Larry J. Grant, Dallas L. Dudgeon, Matthew L. Brokaw, Weigang Qi and Russell Marsh Potter are the inventors, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The same preference for softening the facing material 64 in the cross-hatch or web pattern is true for the embodiment of Fig. 7. Once the facing material 64 and the fibrous batt 110 leave the first nip (between the rollers 116A and 118A), they begin to decompress. This decompression retards the pressing of the fibrous batt 110 into the softened facing material 110, that is, the decompression promotes debonding. Fortunately, the ultrasonic heating imparts the minimum energy to the facing material 64, so that it re-solidifies quickly before significant debonding can take place. The optional, but preferred, second nip (between the rollers 116B and 118B) is located closely enough to the first nip so that the deleterious effects of the decompression can be minimized before the softened facing material 64 can re-solidify. The compression of the second nip is comparable to the first nip. Alternatives to the pinch rollers 116 A, 118A, 116B and 118B include flat pieces or caterpillar conveyer belts that are similar to the conveyors 112. Again, in Fig. 10, the facing material 64 is preferably a coextruded polymer film, as in the embodiment of Fig. 7. The choice of the materials for the various layers depends upon the particular circumstances to which the invention will be applied. However, the bonding layer, for example, 82 of Fig. 9, should resonate at a first frequency of ultrasonic radiation to which the other layer(s) is not resonant. In addition, the melting point(s) of the other layer(s) should be selected so that the other layers are not sympathetically melted via conduction heating due to the increase in temperature of the bonding layer. Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a third apparatus for manufacturing insulation products according to the invention. Fig. 11 is similar to Fig. 10. The following discussion will concentrate on the differences between Fig. 11 and Fig. 10. Rather than having one roll 114 of facing 64, Fig. 11 has two, namely rolls 114A and 114B of facings 64 A and 64B, for example, coextruded polymer. The first facing 64A is attached ultrasonically to the top of the fibrous pack 110. The second facing 64B is ultrasonically attached to the bottom of the fibrous pack 110. In Fig. 11, the ultrasonic radiation source 128C is the primary energy source for heating the facing 64B. The ultrasonic radiation source 128D is preferably a redundant backup to the source 128C in the same relationship as source 128B relative to source 128 A. If it is desired to have a doubly-faced product as the final product, one might choose to make coatings 64A and 64B different. In this case, the coating 64A might be formulated to be a vapor barrier while the coating 64B might be formulated to be permeable to water vapor. The sides could be encapsulated using the technology described below in the discussion of Figs. 17 and 15. The double faces of Fig. 11 could alternatively be attached using the conductive heating system of Fig. 7. In that case, the ultrasonic sources 128A, 128B, 128C and 128D would not be present and the rollers 116A and 116B would be heated. Fig. 13 depicts a simplified schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment for manufacturing an insulation product according to the invention. Fig. 13 depicts an apparatus that forms the fibrous pack lanes 1708, 1710 and 1712 from a single fibrous pack 110 before the facings 64A and 64B are applied, either via conduction heating (not shown, but see Fig. 7) or ultrasonic heating (not shown, but see Fig. 10). The fibrous pack 110 is vertically slit into the lanes 1708, 1710 and 1712 via the blades 1714 and 1716. Only three lanes have been depicted in Fig. 13. However, any number can be formed depending upon the circumstances to which the technology is applied. Before the facings 64A and 64B are applied, gaps 1732 and 1734 are formed between the lanes 1708, 1710 and 1712. Only the facings 64A and 64B are present in the gaps 1732 and 1734. The facings 64A and 64B in the gaps 1732 and 1734 are attached together via a heated nip 1736 and then slit via (preferably heated) knives 1718 and 1720 to form the encapsulated products 1722, 1724 and 1726 separated by the gaps 1738 and 1740. Fig. 12 depicts the heated nip 1736 of Fig. 13 in more detail as the heated nip 1504. In Fig. 12, a doubly-faced insulation product 1502 has a gap 1509 that has been formed between fibrous pack lanes 1514 and 1512. Heated rollers 1506 and 1508 form a nip that compresses the facings 64A and 64B together. The temperature of the rollers 1506 and 1508 is sufficient to partially melt the facings 64A and 64B together to form a fused portion 1516. Alternatively, the facings 64A and 64B could be melted ultrasonically as in Fig. 10. Also alternatively, and preferably, one of the rollers 1506 and 1508 could be one of the rollers 1704 of Fig. 13. A gap 1510 remains between the facings 64A and 64B, the fused portion 1516 and the fibrous pack lanes 1514 and 1512. A (preferably heated) knife 1520 vertically slits the fused portion 1516. Those lanes which are adjacent to only one other lane are considered to be end lanes. By carefully setting the overhang of the facings 64A and 64B relative to the edge lanes, no cutting of the outermost fused portions should be needed. Fig. 13 has an advantage that only the alignment between the end lanes and the edges of the facings must be of high accuracy. Alignment between the other lanes, that is, the non-edge lanes, and the facing need only be of low accuracy. In contrast, the conventional art applies a single discrete facing to each lane, which requires high accuracy for each lane. If a one inch flange on each side is desired, for example, then the gap between the lanes should be about 3.5 inches (8.89 cm), which corresponds to the recovered/decompressed height of the fibrous pack plus two inches. The heated nip 1504 should be about two inches wide the knife 1520 would slit the fused portion in half. The fourth embodiment produces an insulation product that has a facing adhered to both major surfaces, where the facings are connected together to enclose the fibrous pack. Though enclosed, the minor faces are not attached to the facings 64A and 64B. This represents an alternative to the encapsulation technology of Fig. 7. The principle and mode of operation of this invention have been described in its preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its scope.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An apparatus for attaching at least two facings to a mineral fiber batt (110), the apparatus comprising: a first facing source (64 A); a first roller (114A) arranged to place a first facing from said first facing source into contact with a first side of said batt; a first heating source (128A) operable to heat a region through which passes said first facing while in contact with said batt, the heating by said first heating source being sufficient to melt a portion of said first facing onto fibers of said batt; a second facing source (64B); a second roller (114B) arranged to place a second facing from said second facing source into contact with a second side of said batt; and a second heating source (128B) operable to heat a region through which passes said second facing while in contact with said batt, the heating by said second heating source being sufficient to melt a portion of said second facing onto fibers of said batt. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second heating sources (128A, 128B) provide one of conduction heatmg and ultrasonic heating. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first facing and said second facing (64 A, 64B) are applied to opposite sides of said batt (110) thus forming a doubly- faced batt (1424). 4. The apparatus of claim 3, the apparatus further comprising at least one pre- slicing mechanism to slit said batt (110) into at least two lanes (1708, 1710) having at least one gap (1732) therebetween prior to said batt reaching said first and second rollers (1506, 1508). 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said first and second rollers (1506, 1508) cause said at least one gap (1509) to be enclosed by said first and second facings (64A, 64B) and edges of the corresponding lanes of said batt, said apparatus further comprising: at least one nip (1504) to compress said first and second facing together in said at least one gap; and at least one third heating source to heat a region through which passes said first facing in contact with said second facing, the heating by said third heating source being sufficient to melt together a portion of said first facing and a portion of said second facing to form a fused facing portion (1516). 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said apparatus further comprises at least one post-slicing mechanism (1520) to slit apart a corresponding fused facing portion (1516). 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said at least one third heating source provides one of conduction heating and ultrasonic heating. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein ends of said first and second facings (64A, 64B) overhang edges of said batt (110), said apparatus further comprising: at least one nip (1504), located near at least one edge of said batt, to compress the overhanging portions of said first and second facings together; and at least one third heating source to heat a region through which passes said first facing in contact with said second facing, the heating by said third heating source being sufficient to melt together a portion of said first facing and a portion of said second facing.

Inventors: PATEL BHARAT D, QI WEIGANG, PATEL, BHARAT, D., QI, WEIGANG
Applicants: OWENS CORNING FIBERGLASS CORP, PATEL BHARAT D, QI WEIGANG, OWENS CORNING, PATEL, BHARAT, D., QI, WEIGANG
Application year: 2000
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: B29C63, D04H13, E04B1