Dielectric filter, dielectric duplexer, and communication device

Abstract: A dielectric filter (10) according to the present invention is capable of providing the attenuation poles on both the low frequency side and the high frequency side of the passing band, without using two dielectric resonators. The dielectric filter (10) includes a cavity (21) in which a conductive layer is formed, and a cross-shaped dielectric resonator element (22) disposed within the cavity (21), a dielectric resonator (20) having at least three resonant modes, and the loops (12a, 12b) being coupled to the dielectric resonator (20). The loop couples to the resonant mode at the first stage, among the resonant modes of the dielectric resonator (20), as well as couples to the resonant mode at the third stage in an approximately negative-phase with respect to the first stage.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-frequency filter, and more particularly to a dielectric filter, a dielectric duplexer, and a communication device, which are used in a base station of a microwave band communication system. 2. Description of the Related Art A first example in a conventional dielectric filter will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The dielectric filter 110 is constituted of two dielectric resonator 120a, 120b arranged in parallel, and metallic panels 111a, 111b for covering the opening parts of the dielectric resonators 120a, 120b. Each of the dielectric resonators 120a, 120b is constituted of a squarely cylindrical-shaped cavity 121 made of a dielectric ceramic, and a dielectric block 122 disposed within the cavity 121. A conductive layer 123 is formed by a painting and a baking of a silver paste on an outside surface of the cavity 121. The dielectric block 122 has a cross-shape of which two dielectric poles are intersected. Typically, the cavity 121 and the cross-shaped dielectric resonator 122 are integrally molded. Coupling loops 112a, 112b are mounted to the metallic panel 111a. One end of the loop is connected to central conductors of the coaxial connectors 113a, 113b mounted to the metallic panel 111a, and the other end thereof is grounded as being connected to the metallic panel 111a. Further, a coupling loop 112c for electromagnetic-coupling two dielectric resonators 120a, 120b is mounted to the other metallic panel 111b. As a signal being inputted from an outside, a magnetic field is generated in the surrounding of the loop 112a, and the generated magnetic field couples to a magnetic field in the surrounding of one of the dielectric poles in the dielectric resonator 122. Further, an electromagnetic field around the one of the dielectric poles and an electromagnetic field around the other one of the dielectric poles that is perpendicular thereto are coupled by a groove 125 formed at the intersection part of the dielectric block 122. For the other dielectric resonator 120b, a similar chain of the electromagnetic field couplings is occurred, and as a result, the dielectric filter 110 will function as a fourth order band pass filter. The loop 112a is constituted of a first part 112a1 that extends in a direction that is the same as a length direction of one of the dielectric poles, and a second part 112a2 that extends in a direction perpendicular to the first part 112a1. Also, the loop 112b has the similar structure. Consequently, the first part 112a1 of the loop 112a couples to one of the dielectric poles extending in the same direction of the dielectric resonator 122, and at the same time the second part 112a2 of the loop 112a couples to the other one of the dielectric poles in the dielectric resonator 122. As such, it makes possible to provide an attenuation pole on either a low frequency side or a high frequency side of the resonant frequency in the dielectric resonator, by electromagnetic-coupling the loop 112a to a first and a second resonators in the dielectric resonator simultaneously. In general, for a signal with a frequency lower than a resonant frequency, a phase thereof will not change even when passing through a resonator, but for a signal with a frequency higher than the resonant frequency, a phase thereof will change by π when passing through the resonator. For example, when coupling to a resonant mode occurred in one of the dielectric poles as in-phase by the first part 112a1 of the loop 112a, and coupling to a resonant mode occurred in the other one of the dielectric poles as reversed-phase by the second part 112a2 of the loop 112a, an attenuation pole is generated on the low frequency side of the resonant frequency similarly. In the following, a second example in the conventional dielectric filter will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Further, Fig. 2 is an exploded projection view of the dielectric filter in second conventional example. Moreover, the identical symbols are attached to the same parts as in the previous conventional example, and it will be illustrated by showing only the dielectric resonator that constitutes the dielectric filter. In the conventional dielectric resonator 120c as shown in Fig. 2, the dent parts 124 are provided from an outside of the cavity 121 toward an inside thereof, at four joint parts of the cross-shaped dielectric resonator 122 and the cavity 121. As a result, the dielectric resonator 120c has three resonant modes, i.e., TM110 mode, TM111 mode, and TM110 mode as shown in the electric field distribution diagram of Fig. 2, and the dielectric filter functions as a three-stage band pass filter. Because several spurious are generated at an outside of the passing band, in the dielectric filter used in the communication base station and the likes, it is necessary to provide attenuation poles both on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side in the passing band in order to restrain them. However, in the dielectric filter in the first conventional example, with the dielectric resonator having two resonant modes and the loop as an input/output (I/O) coupling means for coupling these two resonant modes simultaneously, an attenuation pole can be provided on only either one of the low frequency side or the high frequency side. Accordingly, in order to provide the attenuation poles both on the high frequency side and on the low frequency side, by arranging one more dielectric resonator in parallel, it was necessary to provide other attenuation pole on that side. That is, in the first conventional example, for providing the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side, two dielectric resonators are always required, and thus there is a problem of upsizing the dielectric filter. Further, for the dielectric filter in the second conventional example, there is not shown any meaning for providing the attenuation poles on the low band and on the high band of the resonant frequency band. EP-A-760 534 relates to a dielectric filter utilizing a plurality of serially-coupled resonators having attenuation maximums at the lower side or higher side, or both, of a pass band frequency region. The filter may include an input element which is coupled with both of a first resonator and a second resonator and may also include an output element which is coupled with both, the last and the next-to-last resonator. In the dielectric filter, it is not necessary to provide an external wire connection to generate such attenuation maximums. It is the object of the present invention to provide a dielectric filter, which provides the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency and which is capable of being miniaturised. This object is achieved by a dielectric filter according to claims 1 or 2. Preferably, in the dielectric filter according to the present invention, the input/output coupling unit is a loop having a conductivity, and wherein the input/output coupling unit is arranged in a direction such that it is coupled in an approximately negative-phase with respect to a resonant mode to which the input/output coupling unit couples. It is another object of the present invention to provide a dielectric duplexer which solves these problems, which provides the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency, and which is capable of being miniaturized. It is another object of the present invention to provide a communication device which solves these problems, which provides the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency, and which is capable of being miniaturized. For a signal with a frequency lower than a resonant frequency, a phase thereof does not change even if passing through a resonator, but for a signal with a frequency higher than the resonant frequency, a phase thereof changes by π as passing through the resonator. Accordingly, when passing through a route such as a first stage, a second stage, a third stage, and so on, ...sequentially, at the h-th stage it becomes as being passed through the even numbered resonator, a phase of a signal in the resonant mode at the h-th stage is in-phase with the coupling location at the first stage for a signal with a frequency lower than the resonant frequency and for a signal with a frequency higher than the resonant frequency. On one hand, the other one of the routes, i.e., a route by coupling to the resonant mode at the h-th stage directly from the input/output coupling unit is coupled in negative-phase with respect to the phase at a time when coupling to the resonant mode at the first stage. That is, according to the dielectric filter of the present invention, the signals on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency becomes in negative-phase at the h-th stage, and thus it makes possible to provide the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency with one dielectric resonator. In this case, according to the operation that is similar to the previous one, at the last stage the signals on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency become in negative-phase, thereby making it possible to provide the attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency with one dielectric resonator. Accordingly, by combining the dielectric filters as described above, it makes possible to provide two or more attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency, respectively. Furthermore, the dielectric filter according to the present invention is such that the input/output coupling unit is a loop having a conductivity, and the input/output coupling unit is arranged in a direction such that it is coupled in an approximately negative-phase with respect to a resonant mode to which the input/output coupling unit couples. As a result, by only changing the arrangement direction of the loop, it makes possible to couple to the resonant modes at the first and the h-th stages, or to the resonant modes at the last and the (k-2n) stages in negative-phase, respectively. Moreover, the dielectric duplexer of the present invention includes at least two dielectric filters, an input/output coupling unit coupling to each of the dielectric filters, respectively, and a unit for use in connecting to an antenna that is commonly connected to the dielectric filters, wherein at least one of the dielectric filters is a dielectric filter as described above. Furthermore, the communication device of the present invention includes a dielectric duplexer as described above, a circuit for use in transmitting that is connected to at least one of the input/output coupling units of the dielectric duplexer, a circuit for use in receiving that is connected to at least one of the input/output coupling units that is different from the input/output coupling unit being coupled to the circuit for use in transmitting, and an antenna being connected to a unit for use in connecting to an antenna of the dielectric duplexer. As a result, the attenuation poles are provided on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the band, thereby enabling to obtain the dielectric duplexer, and the communication device, having excellent characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further objects and advantages of the invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional dielectric filter; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of other conventional dielectric resonator; Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a dielectric filter according to the present invention; Fig. 4 is a plane view showing three resonant modes of the dielectric resonator; Fig. 5 is a plane view showing a mounting location of a loop in a dielectric-filter according to a fundamental dielectric filter; Fig. 6 is a plane view showing a mounting location of a loop in the dielectric filter according to the present invention; Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of other loop in the dielectric filter according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of other loop in the dielectric filter according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a dielectric duplexer according to the present invention; and Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a communication device according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the following, a dielectric filter that is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Herein, Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the dielectric filter according to the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 3 the dielectric filter 10 according to the present embodiment is constituted of a dielectric resonator 20, and metallic panels 11a, 11b that are mounted so as to cover the opening parts of the dielectric resonator 20. The dielectric resonator 20 is constituted of a squarely cylindrical-shaped cavity 21, and a cross-shaped dielectric resonator 22 disposed within the cavity 21. A conductive layer 23 is formed by a painting and a baking of a silver paste on an outer surface of the cavity 21. Further, the dent parts 24 are provided from an outside of the cavity 21 toward an inside thereof, at four joint parts of the cross-shaped dielectric resonator 22 and the cavity 21. As a result, the dielectric resonator 10 functions as a three-stage band pass filter having the three resonant modes, i.e., a TM 110 mode as a resonant mode at a first stage, a TM 111 mode as a resonant mode at a second stage, and TM 110 mode as a resonant mode at a third stage, as shown in the electric field distribution diagram of Fig. 4. In addition, the TM 110 mode at the first stage and the TM 110 mode at the third stage are crossing at the right angle. Coupling loops 12a, 12b are mounted to the metallic panels 11a, 11b. One ends of the loops 12a, 12b are connected to central conductors of the coaxial connectors 13a, 13b mounted to the metallic panels 11a, 11b. The other ends of the loops 12a, 12b are grounded as being connected to the metallic panels 11a, 11b. Fundamentally, the loop 12a as an input/output (I/O) coupling means is, as shown in the plane view of Fig. 5, arranged in a direction (a direction at 45° as assuming a bottom surface of the cavity 21 to be 0°) that is the same as an electric field direction of the resonant mode at the first stage so as to couple to the resonant mode at the first stage, thereby the loop 12a and the resonant mode at the first stage are magnetic-coupled. However, the loop 12a in the present embodiment is, as shown in the plane view of Fig. 6 (further, in Fig. 6, the resonant modes at the first stage and the third stage are shown as being superimposed, and the first stage is shown in a solid line while the third stage is shown in dotted line), tilted toward the bottom surface of the cavity 21 from the electric field direction of the resonant mode at the first stage (i.e., equal to or less than 45°). By arranging the loop 12a in such direction, the loop 12a turns to couple to both the resonant mode at the first stage, and the resonant mode at the third stage that is perpendicular thereto. Further, because at the first stage and at the third stage the go-around directions of the magnetic fields that circle the surrounding of the loop 12a are opposite each other, the induced current vectors turn to be in the opposite directions, thereby they are coupled in the opposite phases at the first stage and at the third stage. Further, by modifying a mounting angle of the loop 12a, it enables to adjust a coupling degree of the loop 12a and the resonant mode at the first stage, as well as a coupling degree of the loop 12a and the resonant mode at the third stage. That is, if the direction of the loop 12a is closer to the electric field direction in the resonant mode at the first stage, the coupling degree to the first stage becomes stronger, and if it is away from the electric field direction in the resonant mode at the first stage, the coupling degree to the resonant mode at the third stage becomes stronger. Moreover, the couplings to both resonant modes at the fist stage and at the third stage can be made stronger, by elongating a width or a length of the loop 12a or by bringing the loop 12a close to the dielectric resonator 22. Moreover, three resonant modes of the dielectric resonator 20 are such that the resonant mode at the first stage, the resonant mode at the second stage, and the resonant mode at the third stage are coupled in sequence, by providing the groove 25 in the intersection part of the cross-shaped dielectric resonator 22, or by forming in the intersection part a hole that is not shown herein at a predetermined location. With such configuration, a signal that is inputted, on one hand, passes through the first stage, the second stage, and the third stage, and on the other hand, directly couples to the resonant mode at the third stage from the loop 12a as an input/output (I/O) coupling means, in the opposite phase as the coupling to the first stage. Since a signal that has passed through one of the routes turns to be as if having passed through two resonators, the phase at a location in the third stage will be in-phase with an initial phase in a frequency lower than the resonant frequency, and it will be changed by π × 2 with the initial phase, i.e., it will be in-phase with the initial phase in a frequency higher than the resonant frequency. For a signal that has passed through the other one of the routes, since the phase in the location at the third stage is coupled as being negative-phase with the phase at the first stage, it will be negative-phase with the initial phase in both frequencies lower and higher than the resonant frequency. That is, both signals on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency at the third stage are cancelled out as being negative-phase, thereby attenuation poles are generated on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency. As described above, the signal that is inputted couples to the loop 12b mounted to the other metallic panel 11b in the direction that is the same as the electric field direction of the resonant mode at the third stage, and is outputted through the other coaxial connector 13b, and the dielectric filter 20 functions as a three-stage band pass filter. According to the present embodiment, it makes possible to provide attenuation poles on the low frequency side and on the high frequency side of the resonant frequency with only one dielectric resonator 20 having three resonant modes, thereby obtaining a dielectric filter in a miniature size and satisfying the required characteristics. Further, the loop 12a as an input/output (I/O) coupling means in the present embodiment is made from an metallic plate that elongates in one direction, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, as shown in Fig. 7, it may be arranged that the loop 12a is constituted of a first part 12a1 that elongates in one direction, and a second part 12a2 that elongates in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the first part 12a1 elongates, and is coupled to the first stage and the third stage. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 8, it may be arranged that by mounting a metallic piece 14 to the loop 12a, an adjustment of a coupling degree is performed according to a location or a tilt of that metallic piece 14. In the following, a dielectric duplexer that is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Further, Fig. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the dielectric duplexer of the present embodiment, and the same symbols are labeled to the same parts as the ones in the previous embodiment, and the description for those parts are omitted. As shown in Fig. 9, the dielectric duplexer 30 of the present embodiment is constituted of a filter 10a for use in transmitting composed of two dielectric resonators 20a, 20b, a filter 10b for use in receiving composed of two dielectric resonators 20c, 20d. Furthermore, the band rejection filters (BRF) 35a, 35b are connected to the filter 10a for use in transmitting, and the filter 10b for use in receiving, respectively. Two dielectric resonators 20a, 20b having a predetermined resonant frequency that is used for the filter 10a for use in transmitting, and two dielectric resonators 20c, 20d having a resonant frequency that is different from a resonant frequency of the filter 10a for use in transmitting that is used for the filter 10b for use in receiving are arranged in parallel in such a manner that the opening parts in the cavities 21 are directed in the same direction. Then, the metallic panels 11c, 11d are mounted to the opening parts in the cavities 21 of the dielectric resonators 20a - 20d, respectively, and the coaxial connectors 13c, 13f for connecting to the external circuits for use in transmitting and the external circuits for use in receiving and the coaxial connector 13i for connecting to an antenna are mounted to the metallic panel 11c, respectively. Further, the band rejection filters 35a, 35b are formed by the micro-strip line 37 that is formed on the dielectric substrate 36, and are disposed within the sealed case 38, and are mounted to both end parts of the dielectric resonators 20a, 20d arranged in parallel. Then one end of the micro-strip line 37 is connected to a central conductor for the coaxial connector 13c for connecting to the circuit for use in transmitting, and to a central conductor of the coaxial connector 13f for connecting to the circuit for use in receiving, respectively. Meanwhile, furthermore, the dielectric duplexer 30 is stored in a metallic case not shown herein, for reinforcing the parts of the dielectric resonators 20a - 20d. Two dielectric resonators 20a, 20b that constitute the filter 10a for use in transmitting are the resonators having three resonant modes, respectively, and function as the band pass filters of the total six stages, and two dielectric resonators 20c, 20d that constitute the filter 10b for use in receiving also function similarly as the band pass filters of the total six stages. To the one metallic panel 11c, the loop 12c to be coupled to the resonant modes at the first and the third stages of the filter 10a for use in transmitting, and the loop 12d to be coupled to the resonant modes at the fourth and the last stages are mounted. Similarly, the loop 12f to be coupled to the resonant modes at the first and the third stages of the filter 10b for use in receiving, and the loop 12g to be coupled to the resonant modes at the fourth and the last stages are mounted. To the other metallic panel 11d, the loop 12e for use in coupling that is to be coupled to the resonant mode at the third stage of the filter 10a for use in transmitting, and further coupled to the resonant mode at the fourth stage is mounted. Similarly, the loop 12h for use in coupling that is to be coupled to the resonant mode at the third stage of the filter 10b for use in receiving, and further coupled to the resonant mode at the fourth stage is mounted. One end of the loop 12c that is coupled to the resonant modes at the first and the third stages of the filter 10a for use in transmitting is connected to one end of the micro-strip line 37 of the band rejection filter, and similarly, the one end of the loop 12g that is coupled to the resonant modes at the fourth and the last stages of the filter 10b for use in receiving is also connected to the one end of the micro-strip line 37 of the band rejection filter. Further, the loop 12d that is coupled to the resonant modes at the fourth and the last stages of the filter 10a for use in transmitting, and the loop 12f that is coupled to the resonant modes at the first and the last stages of the filter 10b for use in transmitting are commonly connected to the central conductor of the coaxial connector 13i for connecting to the antenna. With configured as described above, the filter 10a for use in transmitting that is constituted of two dielectric resonators 20a, 20b, functions as a band pass filter that passes a predetermined frequency, and further two attenuation poles are respectively generated on both the low frequency side and the high frequency side of the passing band. Similarly, the filter 10b for use in receiving that is constituted of two dielectric resonators 20c, 20d, functions as a band pass filter that passes a predetermined frequency which is different from the previous frequency, and further two attenuation poles are respectively generated on both the low frequency side and the high frequency side of the passing band. Further, in the present embodiment, the loops 12c, 12d, 12f, 12g that are mounted to the one metallic panel 11c are used as so-called the input/output (I/O) coupling means for coupling to two resonant modes in the present invention, by adjusting the mounting angles thereof, and the likes. However, the loops 12e, 12h that are mounted to the other metallic panel 11d may be used as so-called the input/output (I/O) coupling means for coupling to two resonant modes in the present invention, by adjusting the mounting angles thereof, and the likes. Moreover, it may be possible to apply to the multi-mode dielectric filters that are proposed in the Japanese Patent Application No. 10-220371 and the Japanese Patent Application No. 10-220372 by the applicant of the present application, for examples, the hexatic-mode filter having three resonant modes in the TM mode, TE modes, respectively. In the following, the communication device that is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 10. Further, Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the communication device of the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 10, the communication device 40 of the present embodiment is constituted of a dielectric duplexer 30, a circuit 41 for use in transmitting, a circuit 42 for use in receiving, and an antenna 43. Herein, the dielectric duplexer 30 is the one that is indicated in the previous embodiment, and the coaxial connector 13c to be connected to the filter 10a for use in transmitting in Fig. 9 is connected to the circuit 41 for use in transmitting, and the coaxial connector 13f to be connected to the filter 10b for use in receiving is connected to the circuit 42 for use in receiving. Further, the coaxial connector 13i is connected to the antenna 43. As described above, according to the present invention, in the dielectric filter constituted of a dielectric resonator having at least three resonant modes and an input/output coupling means, the input/output coupling means is coupled to the first stage and to the odd numbered stages except the first stage in negative-phase, respectively. Or it is coupled to the last stage and to the odd numbered stages as looking at from the last stage side in negative-phase, respectively. As a result, without using two dielectric resonators, it enables to provide the attenuation poles on both the low frequency side and the high frequency side of the resonant frequency, thereby a dielectric filter having a desirable characteristic can be obtained without making it large.

Claims: A dielectric filter (10), comprising: a dielectric resonator (20) having at least three resonant modes, and configured as including a cavity (21) having a conductivity, and a dielectric resonator element (22) arranged within said cavity (21); and an input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) that couples to said dielectric resonator (20), characterized in that said input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) couples to a resonant mode at a first stage of said dielectric filter, as well as to at least one resonant mode at an h-th stage of said dielectric filter (h=2n +1: where n is an integer > 0) in an approximately negative-phase with respect to the first stage, among the resonant modes of said dielectric resonator (20). A dielectric filter (10), comprising: a dielectric resonator (20) having at least three resonant modes, and configured as including a cavity (21) having a conductivity, and a dielectric resonator element (22) arranged within said cavity (21); and an input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) that couples to said dielectric resonator (20), characterized in that said input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) couples to a resonant mode at a last stage of said dielectric filter, as well as to at least one resonant mode at a (k-2n)-th stage of said dielectric filter (where n is an integer > 0), wherein the last stage is the k-th stage, in an approximately negative-phase with respect to the last stage, among the resonant modes of said dielectric resonator (20). The dielectric filter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) is a loop having a conductivity, and wherein said input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) is arranged in a direction such that it is coupled in an approximately negative-phase with respect to a resonant mode to which said input/output coupling means (12a, 12b) couples. A dielectric duplexer (30), comprising: at least two dielectric filters (10a, 10b) according to one of claims 1 to 3; an input/output coupling means coupling to each of said dielectric filters (10a, 10b), respectively; and means for use in connecting to an antenna that is commonly connected to said dielectric filters (10a, 10b). A communication device (40), comprising: a dielectric duplexer (30) according to claim 4; a circuit (41) for use in transmitting that is connected to at least one of input/output coupling means of said dielectric duplexer (30); a circuit (42) for use in receiving that is connected to at least one of the input/output coupling means that is different from said input/output coupling means being coupled to said circuit (41) for use in transmitting; and an antenna (43) being connected to means for use in connecting to an antenna (43) of said dielectric duplexer (30).

Inventors: HATTORI JUN, KUBO HIROYUKI, KUBOTA KAZUHIKO, HATTORI, JUN, KUBO, HIROYUKI, KUBOTA, KAZUHIKO, Hattori, Jun, c/o (A170) Intel.Property Dept., Kubo, Hiroyuki, c/o (A170) Intel.Property Dept., Kubota, Kazuhiko, c/o (A170) Intel.Property Dept.
Applicants: MURATA MANUFACTURING CO, MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: H01P1
IPC codes: H01P1, H01P7