ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR FOR A SMART CARD, COMPRISING A SWITCH FOR LOCKING THE CARD-CARRYING COVER

Abstract: The invention provides a connector (30) of the type comprising a lower base (36) and an upper cover (76) which carries a card (C), of the type in which the cover (76) is mounted so as to pivot with respect to the base (36) and of the type comprising a member (140) for locking the cover (76) in the closed position, which member is mounted so as to move between an unlocked extreme position and a locked extreme position, characterized in that the locking member (140) has two opposed transverse parts (172, 174) which are conducting and electrically connected together, each transverse part having a conducting surface each of which is in electrical contact with an associated fixed electrical switch contact element (200, 202) in the locked extreme position so as to electrically connect them in order to form an electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover by the locking member (140) in the locked position, and the member for locking the cover is mounted so as to move longitudinally with respect to the lower base.

Description: Electrical connector for a smart card, comprising a switch for locking the card-carrying cover The present invention relates to an electrical connector for a contact smart card. The invention relates more particularly to a connector of the type described and shown in document DE-G-94.07486.0 and of the type described and shown in document WO-A-98/52137. These documents describe and show a connector for the electrical connection of a smart card , a lower face of which has connection areas, - of the type comprising a plate-shaped lower base made of insulating material, forming a support for sig nal electrical-contact elements, - of the type comprising an upper cover which has, in one of its opposed faces, a housing which at least partly houses the card , - of the type in which the cover is mounted so as to pivot with respect to the base, about a horizontal transverse hinge axis located near the facing rear longitud inal ends of the base and of the cover, between an open contact position and a closed contact position in which the cover is approximately parallel to the base and in which the connection areas on the card engage with the free contact ends of the signal electrical- contact elements, and - of the type comprising a member for locking the cover in the closed position , which member is mounted so as to move between an unlocked extreme position and a locked extreme position. Such a type of connector, the pivoting cover of which carries one or more smart cards, is used in very many applications. Among the electronic appliances which are equipped with such connectors, there are known, especially, apparatuses for financial or banking transactions, and telecommunication apparatuses such as telephones called portable telephones, GSM telephones, cellular telephones, etc. In order to improve the operating security of the appliances and/or to protect the card , especially in the case of improper manipulations of the connector and of the card, the invention provides an electrical connector of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the locking member has two opposed transverse parts which are conducting and are electrically connected together, each transverse part having a conducting surface each of which is, or is not, depending on the position of the locking member, in electrical contact with an associated fixed electrical switch contact element so as to electrically connect them, or not, in order to form an electrical switch for detecting the state of the cover, namely locked by the locking member in the locked position or not, and in that the member for locking the cover is mounted so as to move longitudinally with respect to the lower base. According to other characteristics of the invention : - the member for locking the cover consists of the cover which can move longitudinally with respect to the lower base; - the member for locking the cover is mounted so as to move longitudinally over the cover; - the locking member is mounted so as to move longitudinally between an unlocked rear extreme position and a locked front extreme position; - the locking member is a transverse bar for locking the cover in the closed position, which extends above the cover on which it is mounted so as to slide longitudinally between an unlocked rear extreme position and a locked front extreme position; - the cover has two parallel lateral uprights, the moveable locking bar is a transverse plate which is mounted so as to slide above the lateral uprights and its opposed transverse ends are bent up vertically along the external transverse faces of the lateral uprights and then transversely in the form of two horizontal and opposed tabs, each of which constitutes one of the said two conducting opposed transverse parts; - the said horizontal tabs are aligned longitudinally; - the opposed transverse ends of the locking bar are bent transversely, horizontally, inwards; - the said conducting faces are horizontal, especially lower, faces of the said horizontal tabs; - each of the said fixed switch contact elements belongs to a switch contact blade which is carried by the connector; - each switch contact blade is fastened beneath the lower face of the lower base of the connector; - each switch contact blade extends in a space vertically bounded upwards by the lower face of the lower base of the connector and downwards by the upper face of a printed- circuit board which carries the base of the connector with respect to which it is raised by spacers; - the spacers are vertical feet belonging to the lower base of the connector; - each contact blade is placed in the thickness of the connector and is carried by the lower base; - each of the said fixed switch contact elements is a conducting pad formed on the upper face of a printed-circuit board which carries the base of the connector; - the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the normally-open type, i.e. it is closed when the cover is locked in the closed position; - the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the normally-closed type, i.e. it is open when the cover is locked in the closed position ; - the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the impulse type, i.e. it changes state at least twice (open-closed-open) when locking or unlocking the locking member; - the cover has two parallel lateral uprights, the facing internal transverse faces of which laterally define the housing for the card , which housing is open longitudinally towards the front and into which the card is inserted longitudinally from the front to the rear, in a direction parallel to its general plane and to that of the cover; - the insulating lower base is bounded by an approximately plane upper face from above which a series of contact ends project vertically, each of which belongs to the free end portion of an elastically deformable signal contact blade carried by the insulating support, each free end portion being elastically deformed downwards by the card when the latter is brought, together with the cover, into a contact position in which each contact end bears elastically against a contact area, and it has an electrical switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover which carries a card in the contact position , having a switch blade made of conducting material which is fastened to the insulating base and which has at least one first branch which extends opposite an upper part of a free end portion belonging to an elastically deformable blade made of conducting material which is carried by the insulating support and which has a free connection end , the first branch of the switch blade, or the said upper part of a free end portion, being capable of engaging with the lower face of the card at the end of closure travel of the cover in order to make, or break, an electrical switch circuit between the connection end of the blade having the said part and between the switch blade, the blade having the said part being identical to the signal contact blades of the connector; - there is a time delay, especially one greater than or equal to 400 microseconds, between the change of state of the end-of-travel detection switch and the change of state of the signal contacts. Further features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view which shows a first embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention , which is shown with its cover in the open position, with a card in place in the cover, with an electrical switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover, of the normally-open NO type, and an electrical switch for detecting the closure of the lock of the normally-open NO type; - Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 in which the cover is shown in the partially closed position ; - Figure 3 is a bottom perspective view of Figure 2; - Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 in which the cover is shown in the closed position and the lock in the unlocked position; - Figure 5 is a bottom perspective view of Figure 4; - Figures 6 and 7 are views similar to those of Fig ures 4 and 5 in which the lock is shown in the locked position ; - Figure 8 is a bottom plan view of the connector shown in Figures 6 and 7; - Figure 9 is a side view along the direction of the arrow F9 of Figure 8; - Figure 10 is a view on a large scale of the detail D 1 0 of Figure 9; - Figure 1 1 is a top perspective view which illustrates the two contact blades of the lock switch; - Figure 12 is a top perspective view of the blades of Figure 1 1 ; - Figure 13 is a bottom perspective view of the lower base forming the contact holder; - Fig ure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view on a larger scale illustrating an embodiment of a switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover, of the normally-open NO type; - Figure 15 is a top partial view along the direction of the arrow F15 of Figure 14; - Figures 16A-16B to 22A-22B are a series of pairs of figures, in two longitudinal sectional planes of the connector, which illustrate the various steps in the sequence of operating the end-of-travel switch of the normally-open type together with the sequence of movements of the card coming in contact with the signal contacts; - Figure 23 is a view similar to that of Fig ure 1 , in which the switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover is of the normally-closed NC type; - Figures 24 and 25 are views similar to those of Figures 14 and 15, which illustrate in detail an embodiment of the end-of-travel switch of the NC type; - Figures 26A-26B to 31 A-31 B are pairs of figures similar to those of Figures 16A-16B to 22A-22B, which illustrate the sequence of operating the end-of-travel switch of the NC type shown in Figures 24 and 25; - Figure 32 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 which illustrates a first variant of the first embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention , which differs from the latter by the design of the contact blades of the lock switch of the normally-open NO type; - Figure 33 is a bottom elevation of the connector of Figure 32 in which the lock is illustrated in unlocked position; - Figures 34 and 35 are views similar to those of Figures 32 and 33 in which the lock is illustrated in the locked position; - Figure 36 is a perspective view on a larger scale of the two blades of the lock switch of the connector illustrated in Figures 32 to 35; - Fig ure 37 is a perspective view of the blades of Figure 36 which are shown at another angle and in another position ; - Figures 38 to 43 are views similar to those of Figures 32 to 37 which illustrate another embodiment variant of the contact blades of the lock switch of the normally-open type; - Figure 44 is a perspective view similar to that of Figure 4 which illustrates a second embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention, which is shown together with a printed-circuit board which carries it, this connector having a lock switch of the normally-open type, with the lock shown in the unlocked position; - Figure 45 is a view similar to that of Fig ure 44 without the printed-circuit board ; - Figure 46 is a bottom perspective view of the connector of Figure 45, without the printed-circuit board ; - Figure 47 is a bottom elevation of the connector of Figure 46; - Figure 48 is a side elevation of the electrical connector of Figure 45; - Figure 49 is a detailed view on a larger scale of the detail D49 of Figure 48; - Figure 50 is a bottom view similar to that of Figure 47 with the printed-circuit board shown in outline; - Figures 51 to 56 are views similar to those of Figures 45 to 50 in which the lock is shown in the locked position; - Figure 57 is a schematic perspective view of the printed-circuit board which carries the connector shown in Figures 45 to 56; - Figure 58 is a perspective view on a large scale of the lock of the connector illustrated in Figures 45 to 56 ; - Figures 59 and 60 are perspective views, at two other angles, of the lock of Figure 58; - Figure 61 is a side elevation of the lock of Figure 59; - Figures 62 to 67 are views similar to those of Figures 2 to 7 which illustrate a third embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention, in which the switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover is of the normally-open NO type and in which the electrical switch for detecting the locking of the lock is of the normally-closed NC type; - Figures 68 and 69 are views similar to those of Figures 1 1 and 12 which show the contact blades of the lock switch of the connector illustrated in Figures 62 to 67; - Figure 70 is a bottom perspective view similar to the view of Fig ure 67 which shows a third embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention, the switch of which is also of the normally-open NO type; - Figure 71 is a bottom perspective view of the two contact blades of the lock switch of the connector of Figure 70; - Figure 72 is a top perspective view of the two blades of Figure 71 ; - Figures 73 to 74 are views similar to those of Figures 52, 56 and 57, which illustrate an embodiment of a connector whose lock switch engages with conducting surfaces of the upper face of a printed-circuit board; - Figure 76 is a view of the contact pad of the connector illustrated in Figures 73 and 74; - Figure 77 is a perspective view which shows a fourth embodiment of an electrical connector according to the teachings of the invention, which is shown with its cover in the closed position, without a card in place in the cover, with its lock in the unlocked position and with a lock switch of the impulse type, according to an open-closed-open sequence; - Figure 78 is a bottom perspective view of the connector of Figure 77; - Figures 79 and 80 are views similar to those of Fig ures 1 1 and 12 or 68 and 69, which show the contact blades of the switch of the lock of the connector illustrated in Figures 77 and 78; - Figure 81 is a bottom view, at another perspective ang le which illustrates the connector of Figures 77 and 78; - Figure 82 is a bottom view of the connector of Fig ure 81 ; - Figures 83-84, 85-86, 87-88 and 89-90 are four pairs of figures similar to Figures 81 and 82, in each of which the lock occupies successive positions during its locking operation; - Figure 91 is a view similar to that of Figure 90 which illustrates a fifth embodiment of a connector accord ing to the invention , which differs from the previous one by the design of its switches for detecting the closure of the lock; and - Figures 92 and 93 are views similar to those of Figures 79 and 80 which illustrate in detail the blades of lock switches of the connector shown in Figure 91 . In the description which follows, identical, similar or analogous elements and components will be denoted by the same reference numbers. In order to make the description and the claims easy to understand, the description will use, by way of non-limiting example, the terms horizontal, vertical, upper, lower, front, rear, etc. , especially with reference to certain figures. Various embodiments of the invention will now be described within the context of its application to an electrical connector especially of the type described and shown in detail in document WO-A-98/52137, to the contents of which the reader may refer in order to appreciate, in detail, the structure and the arrangement of its various components, as well as its general operation. Another example of such a type of electrical connector with a hinged cover carrying the printed-circuit board, of an older design, is described and shown in document DE-G-94.07486.0. Figures 1 to 1 3 show an electrical connector 30 for the electrical connection of a card C which here is a contact smart card having , on its lower face 32, parallel electrical connection areas 34 oriented longitudinally, that is to say parallel to the direction of insertion I of the card C into the connector. The connector 30 essentially consists of a lower base 36 made of insulating plastic which, according to a known design , serves as a support for a series of electrical contact blades 38, called sig nal blades, made of conducting material, which in this case number six, i.e. three pairs of signal blades aligned longitudinally in pairs. Each signal blade is oriented longitudinally and is inserted into the base 36. As a variant, the base may be overmoulded around the contact blades. Each blade 38 has a convex free contact end 40 which projects vertically above the plane horizontal upper face 42 of the base 36 in order to allow it to come into contact with a corresponding area 34 on the card C when the latter is in the connection position. Each blade has another free end 44 called the connection free end which extends longitudinally at the front transverse edge 46 or rear transverse edge 48 of the base 36 in order to allow this end to be connected , by soldering or brazing, to a conducting track 45 on a printed-circuit board PCB (shown in Figures 45 to 57) on which the base 36 rests via its horizontal lower face 50. The lower face 50 may include studs 33 for positioning the base 36 on the printed-circuit board and/or feet 37 which raise the connector. As may be seen especially in Fig ure 13, the base 36 is bounded transversely by two vertically oriented parallel longitudinal edges 52 and 54. Near the front transverse edge 46, each longitudinal edge 52, 54 has a locking tab 56, 58 which extends transversely outwards and the thickness of which is less than that of the base 36 so as to leave a vertical gap between the lower faces 60, 62 of the tabs and the lower face 50 of the base 36. The tab 56, the length towards the front of which is greater than that of the other tab 58, has, on its upper face 64, a vertical finger 66 for polarizing the card and for longitudinal retention of the card in its housing , this being in the case in which the card C is a card of the " M ICROSIM" type, the rear transverse edge 68 of which has a corner or angle 70 cut at 45°. It is thus possible to retain the card without making use of a partition or of an additional thickness extending transversely from the upper face of the base, and therefore to shorten the base. I n its rear part, the base 36 has two portions 72 and 74 of a cylindrical hinge pin , which extend transversely towards the outside from the longitudinal edges 52 and 54. The portions 72 and 74 serve for mounting a cover 76 on the base 36, the cover forming a receptacle for the card C and being hinged on the rear part of the base 36 about a geometrical axis X-X coaxial with the portions 72 and 74. The cover 76 has the general shape of a frame, moulded from plastic. It consists essentially of two lateral and parallel uprights 78 and 80 which are connected together, near their front longitudinal free ends 82 and 84, by a transverse platform in the form of a flat bar 86. The plane horizontal upper face 88 of the bar 86 constitutes a plane of repose P of the card C in a housing of complementary shape formed in the upper face 92 of the cover 76. The rear transverse edge 87 has an internal notch 89 for passage of the finger 66, the cover thus having a hole or orifice allowing the polarizing finger to pass through the cover. The front edge has a recess 85 for making it easy to handle the card C during its insertion, in order to ensure that it is fully inserted , and for making it easy to remove it. The plane of repose P, on which the lower face 32 of the card C rests, is coplanar with the coplanar upper faces of two opposed slideways which extend transversely towards the inside of the frame from the internal opposed transverse faces facing the uprights 78 and 80. The lower faces 1 12 and 1 14 of the front parts of the uprights are offset upwards with respect to the plane of the lower face 1 10 of the cover 76 so as to leave a vertical gap between these faces 1 12 and 1 14 and the plane of the lower face 1 10 of the cover 76. The structure of the cover, in the form of a frame with a central recess, is strengthened by a rear upper plate 1 16, of very small thickness, which is extended by its lower face approximately coplanar with the upper face 92 of the cover 76 and substantially along the rear half of the uprights 78 and 80. There is a vertical gap between the lower face of the upper plate 1 16 and the plane of repose P, which is very slightly greater than the thickness of the card C so as to allow the latter to be able to be inserted , in a direction of insertion I of the card C, under the plate 1 16 and until the front transverse edge 1 17 of the card C butts against the facing transverse edge 121 of a piece 122 of additional thickness constituting a strip for reinforcing the rear end of the plate 1 16. The plate 1 16, which extends above the front part of the card C when the latter is fully inserted , thus helps to retain the card C in the housing in order to prevent it from escaping vertically upwards and it helps to guide the card C at the end of its insertion. Near their rear ends, the uprights 78 and 80 are enlarged transversely inwards in order to form two bearing surfaces 126 and 128 which receive the hinge pin portions 72 and 74. The cover 76 is locked onto the base 36 in the closed position , which corresponds to the connection position when the card C is present, by means of a lock consisting of a locking bar 140. The locking bar 140 is a thin metal plate which extends transversely above the upper face 92 of the front half part of the uprights 78 and 80 of the cover 76. The upper part of the locking bar 140, in the form of a plate 142, has a thickness approximately equal to that of the plate 1 16 and extends above the housing and therefore above the rear part of the card C when the latter is present, thus helping to maintain the card C in its housing. The upper part 142 is bounded by two transverse edges, the front transverse edge 144 and the rear transverse edge 146. The locking bar 140 is mounted so as to slide longitudinally on the cover 76 and its rear extreme position is bounded by the bearing surface of the rear transverse edge 146 bearing against the stops 153 provided near the front transverse edge 1 52 of the rear plate 1 16. In order to ensure that the locking bar 140 is guided slid ingly over the cover 76, the upper plate 142 is extended vertically downwards at its two opposed ends by two vertical lateral cheeks 154 and 156 which extend along the vertically oriented external transverse faces 158 and 160 of the two thinned front halves of the uprights 78 and 80. These two thinned portions are bounded longitudinally forwards by two shoulders 162 and 164 with which the vertical front edges 166 and 168 of the cheeks 154 and 156 interact, respectively, in order to define the front extreme position of the locking bar 140 on the cover 76. Beyond the cheeks 154 and 156, the plate 142 is extended horizontally inwards by two horizontal opposed guid ing and locking tabs 172, 174 which extend so as to face each other, each tab being bounded transversely by an internal longitudinal edge 176, 178. Thus, each cheek 154, 156 together with a tab 172, 174 constitutes a corridor 180, 182 (see Figure 58) for longitudinally guiding the locking bar 140 over the uprights 78 and 80 of the cover 76. Each tab 172, 174 is bounded by an upper face 1 84, 186 and by a lower face 188, 190, these faces being plane and horizontal (see especially Figures 58 to 61 ). The tabs 172 and 174 are received so as to slide along the lower faces 1 12 and 1 14 of the slideways 98 and 1 00. I n the locked front extreme position, the front longitudinal ends of the tabs 172 and Ϊ 74 extend opposite the facing lower faces 60 and 62 of the locking tabs 56 and 58 of the base 36 whereas, in the rear extreme unlocked position , the tabs are disengaged in order to allow the cover 76 to be opened by pivoting about the axis X-X. After the operation of mounting the connector 30 on the board PCB belonging to the apparatus equipped with the connector in the closed and locked position and of fastening it thereto by soldering , the use of the apparatus equipped with the connector 30 requires the insertion of a card C into the connection position. To do this, the user moves the locking bar 140 from the front (Figure 6) to the rear (Figure 4) and he can then pivot the cover 76 with respect to the base 36 by raising it in order to expose the free end open to the front of the housing 90. Should an obstacle, such as a component or a wall or a partition, extend in front of the front transverse edge of the connector, the disengagement 85 allows the cover to be lifted up with a nail or with the tip of a tool. The start of the pivoting opening travel of the cover is preferably assisted elastically, even in the absence of a card C in the connector. In the inserted position of the card , it is again possible to close and lock the cover 76 onto the base 36 if the card has been inserted properly, since the finger 66 extends so as to face the cut corner 70 (Figure 4), the locking operation being accomplished by bringing the locking bar 140 back to its front extreme position (Figure 6). In the event of a direction error in positioning the card C, correct locking is impossible and the cover is returned elastically to the open position. It is possible, by pressing very strongly on the cover provided with its card , on the edge opposite the polarizing finger, to lock only this edge but it is not possible to lock the other - edge, and the locking operation is therefore incomplete and incorrect. In the closed position (Figures 4 to 9), the cover 76, which carries the card C and the lock 140, is entirely around and above the base 36 which it protects, the metal locking bar 140 additionally " screening" the card C. Hereafter, the locking bar 140 will be called lock and , in accordance with the teachings of the invention , the first embodiment of an electrical switch function for detecting the locked position of the lock will now be described , this locked position being illustrated especially in Figures 6 to 1 0. In this first embodiment, the lock switch is of the normally-open NO type, that is to say the electrical switch is regarded as being open while the lock is not in its locked position and is regarded as being closed when the lock is in its locked position . In accordance with one aspect of the invention , the lock switch consists of the metal lock 140 itself and of two lock switch contact blades 200 and 202 which are especially shown in detail in Figures 1 1 and 12, with which blades the metal lock 140 engages via its lower tabs 172 and 174 and more particularly via the lower faces 188 and 190 of its lower tabs 172 and 174. Each switch contact blade 200 and 202 comprises an elongate body in the form of a horizontal strip 204, 206 which extends horizontally beneath the lower face 50 of the base 36, to which they are fastened, permanently, by catching means consisting , for each blade 220, 202, of a front and rear pair of holes, 208, 21 0 and 212, 214, each having a catching tab 216, the diameter of the holes and the size of the catching tabs 216 being such that they allow the blades 200 and 202 to be fitted onto the cylindrical body of the feet 37 with the upper faces of the strips 204 and 206 bearing vertically upwards against the facing parts of the lower face 50 of the base 36. Near its front free end , each switch contact blade has a contact tab 21 8, 220 which extends transversely outwards and which extends approximately horizontally in a plane offset vertically upwards with respect to the plane of the strips 204, 206. The upper face 222, 224 of each transverse contact tab forms the conducting face of each switch contact blade 200, 202 in the sense of the invention and it comprises, for this purpose, a contact boss 226, 228 which extends so as to project vertically upwards and which is intended to engage with the corresponding lower face 188 , 190 of a tab 172, 174 of the metal lock 140. At the side of each transverse contact tab 21 8, 220, each switch contact blade has a connection tab 230, 232 which extends longitudinally forwards and vertically downwards so as to be located longitudinally in line with the connection tabs 44 of the signal contacts and at the same height as the latter in order to be able to be soldered to the facing tracks, not shown , of the PCB board . The longitudinal positioning of the transverse contact tabs 21 8 and 220, and especially of the bosses 226 and 228, is such that, when the lock 140 is in the unlocked rear position, they are offset longitudinally forwards and there is then no electrical contact between the lock 140, with its tabs 172 and 174, and the switch contact blades 200 and 202. The operation of the NO lock switch will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 13. Starting from the position illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, in which the lock 140 is in its unlocked rear position, and the partially open cover 36 with a card C in position in its housing in the cover 36, the user starts by completely closing the cover 36 in order to bring it into the position illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. As was explained above, and because of the longitudinal positioning of the transverse contact tabs 218 and 220, no electrical contact occurs between these components and the lock switch is always open. In order to lock the cover 36 in the closed position , the user moves the lock 140 longitudinally forwards in order to reach the locked position illustrated in Figures 6 and 10, in which the lower tabs 172 and 174 of the lock 140 are in contact, via their lower faces 188 and 190, with the bosses 226 and 228 of the lock switch contact blades 200 and 202. Because of this electrical contact, the switching circuit is electrically closed , that is to say the two conducting tracks on the printed-circuit board to which the connection tabs 230 and 232 are connected are electrically connected to each other through the metal lock 140, 172, 174. In this way, the locking of the lock 140 of the cover 76 in the closed and locked position on the contact-holding base 36 is detected in a reliable manner. If the card is improperly inserted into the connector, the contact cannot be established on one side and the lock switch cannot therefore be closed, even if the other side is locked . If the user moves the lock 140 towards its locked front position, without beforehand having closed the cover 36, he cannot, of course, lock the cover and his action on the lock does not produce any electrical signal at the lock switch in so far as the interaction of the lower faces 188 and 190 of the lower tabs 172 and 174 of the locking bar 140 with the switch contact blades 200 and 202 is possible only when the cover is in the closed position. In addition, because of the known design of the cover 36 with its locking bar 140, if the user closes the lock 140, that is to say by bringing it longitudinally forwards into its locked position , before having closed the cover, the cover cannot be completely closed and the partial closure of the latter causes no signal at the lock switch, which remains open in so far as the lower tabs 172 and 174 cannot reach, vertically, the bosses 226 and 228. The switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover 76 will now be described . This switch is of the known general design which is described and shown in French Patent Application No. 98/1 1788 filed on 22 September 1998, to the contents of wh ich reference may be made in order to understand in detail the construction and the operation of such a type of switch. In the first example of a switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover 36 illustrated in detail in Figures 14 to 22A and 22B, this is a switch of the normally-open NO type. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 , 14 and 15, three pairs of contact blades constitute conventional signal contact blades, that is to say blades capable of engag ing with the contact areas on the card C, while the fourth pair of contact blades, that is to say the pair on the right when considering Figure 1 , is used to form a switch for detecting the presence of the card C in the contact or connection position and for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover 36. In a known manner, the two associated contact blades which form the end-of-travel switch are in every way identical to the other signal contact blades, both in their shape and structure and in the method of mounting them on the insulating support. Apart from the two conventional contact blades 38, 38' , respectively the front and rear contact blades, the end-of-travel switch, which here is of the normally-open type, essentially consists of a switch blade 820 which is made from a cut and folded sheet of conducting material. As may be seen in Figures 16A and 16B, the rest position of each signal contact blade and of the front blade 38 associated with the end-of-travel switch is such that its convex- shaped free contact end 40 - in the form of an upside-down spoon - has its convexity oriented upwards and projects vertically above the plane of the upper face 42, these ends lying at the same height. For this purpose, each free end portion is pressed elastically in bearing contact, in the example shown, with the end nose of each blade, bearing against a facing surface portion formed in the corresponding edge of the cavity or hole in the insulating support which houses the corresponding free contact end portion and which allows the end to project above the support 36, 42. The switch blade 820 has a general shape which is elongate in the longitudinal direction and it has a plate-shaped central fastening portion 840 which is fastened in the upper face 42 of the base 36 by a hot-crimped stud 880. I n its rest state illustrated in Figure 14, so as to form a switch of the normally-open type, the front longitudinal branch B 1 of the switch blade 820 extends opposite and above the free contact end 40 of the associated blade 38 without being in electrical contact with them, whereas the rear longitudinal branch B2 is in permanent electrical contact with the curved end 40' of the bent blade 38' which lies vertically below the upper face 42. The front branch B 1 has a curved profile complementary to that of the contact end 78, with its convexity oriented upwards. The branch B1 projects vertically above the plane of the upper face 42 and it can be elastically deformed downwards, in the manner of a bending beam, in order to come into contact with and to bear on the free contact end 40 of the associated contact blade 38. Under the action of the lower face of the card C, the deformation of the branch B1 firstly terminates when it comes into contact with the contact end 40 and then causes the latter also to bend vertically downwards, the interaction between the contacting surfaces of these components also ensuring a self- cleaning effect during the switching phase. When the point of contact P 1 between the branch B1 and the end 40 has been established , the end-of-travel switch circuit is closed , that is to say there is electrical continuity between the connection ends 740 and 740' of the two contact blades 38 and 38' which are used for prod ucing the end-of-travel switch together with the switch blade 820. As may be seen especially in Figure 1 5, the unsymmetrical fixed blade 820 of the switch extends longitudinally as far as approximately two thirds of the end portion of the spoon 40 of the contact 38 so as to be able to use contacts (identical for the signal contacts and the switch contacts) which have the greatest possible projection height above the upper face 42, i.e. in the normal prestressed position, namely 0.75 mm. The flexible profile on the moving contact side is similar, but its thickness has been red uced by approximately 0.1 mm so as to have a prestressing position for the moving contact allowing a gap of approximately 0.2 mm below the flexible branch B 1 of the switch blade 820 when the latter, in the rest state, has a height of approximately 0.55 mm above the plane 42. This 0.55 mm projection is defined so that the diagram of the relative travels between the conventional signal contacts and the moving contact 38 of the end-of-travel switch , during pivoting of the cap provided with the card C, is identical to the diagram, see later, for the switch of the normally-closed NC type. This is because the physical contacting of the flexible branch B1 on the moving contact 38, 40 takes place after a 0.2 mm deflection of the flexible branch B1 (a difference between the moving contact and the lower face of the flexible branch) , that is to say when the top of the upper face of the blade lies at approximately 0.55 - 0.2 = 0.35 mm from the plane 42. In Fig ures 16A and 16B, the cover 76 is open , that is to say the signal contacts 38 are not in contact with the chip on the card and the NO end-of-travel switch is open. In Figures 17A and 17B, the rear row of signal contacts 38 is just in contact with the chip on the card , the deflection of these signal contacts 38 not having started yet; the front row of signal contacts has not yet been contacted by the card, nor the flexible branch B 1 of the end-of-travel switch, which is still open. In Figures 18A and 18B, the cap or cover 76 is still in the process of closing and the front left row of signal contacts 38 has just been contacted by the card C, whereas the rear signal contacts, to the right with regard to Figure 18A, are at two thirds of their final deflection. The flexible branch B 1 of the end-of- travel switch, as may be seen in Figure 1 8B, has not yet been contacted. As may be seen in this Figure 18B, there is a 0.2 mm gap between the lower face 32 of the card and the top of the flexible branch B 1 which, added to a 0.2 mm gap existing between the lower face of the flexible branch and the top of the associated spoon 40, makes it possible to create a shift or delay in the sequence between establishing all the signal contacts 38 and the closure of the end-of-travel switch, which will be greater than or equal to 400 microseconds assuming the most rapid , manual, closure of the cover 76 by the user. In Figures 19A and 1 9B, the cover 76 is still in the course of closing, the rear row of signal contacts is still in the course of establishing contact with the chip on the card , that is to say they are at approximately three quarters of their total deflection, and the flexible branch B 1 of the end-of-travel switch is just in contact with the lower face of the card C, that is to say the vertically downwards deflection of the branch B 1 has not yet started and the switch is thus still open. In Figures 20A and 20B, the cover 76 is still in the course of closing, the rear row of signal contacts is close to their final deflection , the front row of signal contacts is in the course of establishing contact with the chip on the card , the moving contact of the end-of-travel switch is just in contact with the flexible branch B 1 , which is at one third of its total deflection, the deflection of the moving contact 38 not having started , the latter still occupying its prestressed rest position determined by its nose. I n Figures 21 A and 21 B, the connector is illustrated with its cover 76 in the closed position with a smart card in its housing , which is a card C of minimum thickness according to the standard defining the cards, that is to say a minimum thickness of 0.68 mm. The two rows of signal contacts have obtained their final deflection, as may be seen in Figure 21 A, and the moving contact 38 of the end-of-travel switch has also attained its final deflection, that is to say the switch is closed and electrical contact is established between the connection tabs 740 and 740' . Figures 22A and 22B are identical to the two previous figures, but the connector is shown with a card C with a maximum thickness, according to the standard, equal to 0.84 mm. The increase in thickness of the card in no way changes the operation of the signal contacts nor the operation of the end-of-travel switch. In this normally-open NO configuration of the end-of- travel switch, it is essential for the top of the fixed contact 38' , 40' of the switch to lie below the level of the upper face 42 of the base 36 in order to prevent it being contacted by the smart card and thus to avoid opening the switch again. For safety, the end of the fixed branch B2 of the switch blade 820 may be slightly elongated so that it always lies slightly above the top of the fixed contact 38' , 40' . Thus, in the event of contacting by the card , the end of the fixed branch B2 would undergo a slight downwards deflection driving the " fixed" contact 38' , 40' without loss of bearing force and therefore of electrical contact between these two components 40' and B2. Of course, if there is not a card C in the housing in the cover 76, closing , or conversely opening, the cover 76 produces no action on the switch and the electronic processing circuit analyses the absence of a card in the same way as the non- closure or non-reopening of the cover 76. The 400 microseconds delay mentioned above between establishing the signal contacts and activating the end-of-travel switch , whatever its type, normally open or normally closed , corresponds to the most rapid closure conditions permitted by the man' s hand. The delay between deactivating the switch and opening the signal contacts, when opening the cover 76, must also be equal to or greater than 400 microseconds, and this being so under the most rapid opening conditions which correspond to the situation in which, with the lock 140 having been unlocked beforehand and the pivoting cover 76 being held pressed with the finger against the base 36, the cover provided with the card then pivots in the opening direction by the elastic action of a combination of the signal contacts and of the switch which bear elastically against the lower face of the card , that is to say by release of their spring effect. Such a guaranteed minimum delay of 400 microseconds allows the operator to install or withdraw the smart card with complete safety for the card and for the electronic circuits of the system which receives the connector/smart card subassembly when the appliance remains energized during these operations. In fact, because of the progress made in extending the autonomy of the batteries, on the one hand , and the reduced consumption of the latest appliances (particularly portable GSM cellular telephones), on the other hand , it is now conceivable to have an autonomy of more than twenty days. This improvement in the autonomy allows appliances to be produced with rechargeable batteries incorporated , and therefore not removable or disconnectable, in order to simplify the manufacture and to reduce the costs, the size and the weight of the appliances. In this case, the user has access to the smart-card connector whether the appliance is energized or not, unlike the current portable telephones in which it is generally necessary to remove the bank of batteries in order to gain access to the connector. Another case, in which the appliance remains energized , is that in which the cells or batteries are connected by wires and access to them is gained by lifting a trap door. However, in this case there is also the risk that the user will remove the battery, in order to gain access to the smart-card connector in order to remove or reintroduce the smart card , without having disconnected the cell from its wires. I n the embodiment illustrated in Figures 23 to 31 B, the switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover 76 is of the normally-closed type. An example of the general design of such a type of switch is also described and shown in the French Patent Application No. 98/1 1788 mentioned above. The design of the end-of-travel switch illustrated in these figures is overall of the same type as that of the first embodiment of a normally-open switch which has just been described . Thus, the switch blade 820 is of symmetrical design and has two longitudinally opposed branches B 1 and B2, each of which engages via its free end with the contact end 40, 40' of an associated contact blade 38, 38' . The two branches B 1 and B2 of the switch blade 820 extend approximately in a horizontal plane and here they are both rigid or fixed, that is to say the operation of the switch does not entail the elastic deformation of one or both of the branches B 1 and B2 of the switch blade 820. This is because, as may be seen in Figure 24, once the insulating support 36 has been mounted , the conformation and the position of the switch blade 820 are such that the convex contact ends 40, 40' of the contact blades 38, 38' associated with the switch blade 820 in order to form the end-of-travel switch bear elastically so as to be in contact with the opposed free ends of the branches B1 and B2 in order to form two semipermanent contact points P1 and P2 in the absence of the card C. The conformation of the fixed branch B 1 and of the associated contact blade 38, 40 are such that the curved upper face of the spoon 40 projects vertically upwards from the upper face 42 of the insulation of the support 36 by a height equal to 0.35 mm, whereas the curved upper face of the spoon 40' lies below the upper face 42. Thus, when closing the cover 76 the lower face 32 of the card C engages with the convex upper face with the convex end 40 in order to make the free end portion bend elastically downwards and therefore to open the switch circuit established beforehand between the connection outputs 740 and 740' of the two associated contact blades in order to prod uce the switch , that is to say to eliminate the point of contact P 1 . The 0.35 mm clearance height of the contact 40, 38 in its prestressed state, in which it bears elastically at the point P1 against the branch B1 , was determined so that the moving contact 38, 40 exerts a sufficient bearing pressure on the fixed blade B 1 of the end-of-travel switch in order to guarantee a stable electrical contact resistance in the closed position of the switch , that is to say when the pivoting cover is open , or when there is no card, and so that it is activated by the smart card whatever the thickness of the latter defined by the corresponding standards, when the cap carries a card and is closed . The permanent contact at the point P2 is located on the side of the hinge axis X-X, as in the case of the normally-open NO end-of- travel switch examined previously. Figures 26A-26B, 27A-27B, 28A-28B, 29A-29B, 30A- 30B and 31 A-31 B showing the operating sequence of the normally-closed NC switch correspond to Figures 16A-16B, 17A- 17B, 18A-18B, 20A-20B, 21A-21 B and 22A-22B of the switch of the normally-open NO type, respectively. A variant of the invention , not shown, consists in electrically connecting the fixed blade of the end-of-travel switch , directly to the connector, or via the printed circuit to which the connector is soldered, to one of the branches of the lock switch which then becomes the common electrical point for the two switches, the end-of-travel switch and the lock switch, in order to save one or two contacts. In the first version described above of the lock switch of the normally-open NO type, it should be noted , because of the presence of the switch contact blades 200 and 202 below the insulating support of the base 36, that it is necessary to provide feet in order to raise the base 36 with respect to the upper face of the printed-circuit board and that this design therefore increases the total height of the connector in the mounted position , together with the closed cover, above the printed-circuit board of the appliance. The embodiment illustrated in Figures 32 to 37 allows this drawback to be remedied . In fact, by virtue of another design of the switch contact blades 200 and 202, it is possible to dispense with the feet and therefore to make the base 36 rest directly on the upper face of the printed-circuit board . This design also makes it possible to solve the difficulty of coplanarity of the various connection tabs to be soldered to the printed-circuit board. As may be seen especially in Figure 36, each lock switch contact blade is in the form of a hairpin having a vertical hinge axis, that is to say the active contact branch 218, 220 defining an external transverse conducting surface 222, 224 extends in a vertical plane with its curved front free end having the surface 222, 224 which lies in the free space existing between the facing internal transverse faces of the lateral uprights 78, 80 of the cover 76 and the facing external transverse faces of the lateral edges 56, 58 of the base 36. Each active branch or tab 218, 220 is hinged at its rear end to a vertical connection and fastening strip 204, 206 which is extended vertically downwards by a positioning and fastening harpoon 240, 242 housed in a corresponding housing in the base 36. Finally, each connection and mounting strip 204, 206 is extended at its front end by an electrical connection tab 230, 232 which extends transversely inwards in a horizontal plane above a corresponding part of the lower face of the insulating base 36 so as to extend in the same horizontal plane as the other connection tabs 44, 740 and 740' . According to this design, the ocking bar 140 engages, during the locking operation , with the active branches 218-222 and 220-224 of the switch contact blades 200, 202 via the bevelled front transverse edge 173, 175 of the lower tabs 172 and 174 and then , in the locked position, with the lateral edges 176 and 178 of the lower tabs 172 and 174 against which the active branches rest in elastic bearing contact while the lock 140 is in its locked forward position . Figures 38 to 43 show another version of a lock switch of the normally-open NO type using switch contact blades 200 and 202, which switch also has a reduced thickness, as in the previous version illustrated in Figures 32 to 37. This version differs from the previous one by the design of the lock switch contact blades which are placed in the same region of the connector and are fastened in the same way by harpoons 240 and 242 with horizontal connection tabs 230 and 232 which are bent over transversely inwards. On the other hand , the active branches 218, 220 are connected to the connecting branches or strips 204, 206 so as to extend horizontally and longitudinally forwards with their front free end portion able to bend elastically vertically downwards, with a bevel-forming connection part 250, 252 with which the front transverse edge 177, 179 of the tabs 172 and 174 can engage during the locking operation. The active conducting surface of each active branch 21 8, 220 of a switch contact blade 200, 202 is thus in this case the horizontal lower face of the active branch 218, 220 which , in the locked position, and as may be seen especially in Figures 40 and 41 , lies above the lower tab 172, 174 of the lock 140, that is to say it bears elastically vertically downwards in contact with the corresponding upper face 1 84, 186 of the tab 172, 174 of the lock 140. A description will now be given, with reference to Figures 44 to 61 , of an embodiment of a connector provided with a two-position lock switch which is also of reduced height, that is to say it does not require feet in order to raise it, and in which switch contact blades are not used either, the lock switch function being provided , as previously, by the metal lock 140, the lower tabs of which , bent over transversely inwards, engage directly, in the locked position, with a long conducting track and two short pads on the upper face of the printed-circuit board PCB. For this purpose, and as may be seen more particularly in Figures 58 to 61 , each lower tab 172, 174 is extended longitudinally rearwards by an elastic contact branch 254, 256 which extends horizontally but in a plane slightly offset vertically, downwards with respect to the horizontal plane common to the lower faces 188 and 190 of the tabs 172 and 174, so as to apply a downwards elastic vertical thrust force on the upper face 258 of the board PCB in order to guarantee good frictional contact between the lower faces of these active branches 254 and 256 and the upper face 258. More specifically, the upper face 258 of the PCB has a " long" longitudinal track 262 with which the elastic contact branch 256 is permanently in contact, that is to say whatever the longitudinal position of the lock 140. On the other side, the upper face 258 has two consecutive conducting pads, namely a rear conducting pad 260 and a front conducting pad 261 , with which the elastic contact branch 254 is capable of engaging. I n the closed position of the cover 76 and in the unlocked rear position of the lock 140 (Figure 50), a first switching circuit of the lock switch is closed in this first position since the contact branches 254 and 256 are in contact with the rear pad 260 and the long track 262, respectively. By moving the lock 140 forwards for locking, the branch 254 leaves the rear pad 260 and then reaches, in the locked forward position of the lock 140 (Figure 56), the front pad 261 in order to close another switch circuit of the lock switch . Thus, if neither of the two positions is occupied by the lock, that is to say if the processing circuit detects neither of the two positions 262-260 or 262-261 , either the cover is not closed and can be verified by the signal contacts or the lock is in an intermediate longitudinal position and it is possible to discriminate this case from the previous one, again by analysing the signal contacts. According to other variants (not shown), it is possible to produce, just as simply, a lock switch of the type which is simply normally open NO, or normally closed NC, by providing only two conducting pads aligned longitudinally and positioned longitudinally so that the branches 254 and 256 engage simultaneously with these two pads at the end of locking (NO type) or during closure before locking (NC type). Figures 73 to 76 show an embodiment variant of the connector illustrated in Figures 44 to 61 . In this variant, the long track 262 and the two pads 260 and 261 are adjacent and lie transversely in line with the lower tab 174 of the lock 140. In order to engage with these cond ucting elements, whilst still discriminating the two longitudinal positions of the lock, the lower face 190 of the tab 174 is provided with a contact pad 244 which has two adjacent parallel branches, one 246 of which is always in contact with the long track 262 and the other 248 of which is designed to engage with one or other of the two pads 260 or 261 depending on the longitudinal position of the lock 140 which drives, in its movements, the pad 244 which is soldered or crimped to it. Another embodiment of a connector having a lock switch of the normally-closed type is shown in Fig ures 62 to 69. The desig n of this connector is generally similar to that of the first embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 13, that is to say it involves a pair of switch contact blades 200 and 202 of the same design which are placed horizontally beneath the lower face of the raised base 36, which pair has, as previously, two external transverse and horizontal contact tabs 218 and 220, each having a contact boss 226 and 228. It is only the longitudinal position of the contact tabs 218 and 220 which differs from the case of the lock switch of normally-open NO type, that is to say they are offset longitudinally rearwards so as to be in line with the lower faces 176 and 178 of the lower tabs of the lock 140 when the latter is in the unlocked rear position and the cover is in the closed position , the metal lock 140 then establishing electrical contact between the tabs 218 and 220 and therefore between the two switch contact blades 200 and 202. Starting from this normally-closed state of the lock switch, the longitudinal forward movement of the metal lock, for the purpose of locking the cover 76, causes the lock switch to open so as to indicate the locking of the cover. Of course, if such a lock switch of the normally-closed NC type is compared with a lock switch of the normally-open NO type, it may be seen that it is not possible to distinguish directly two identical electrical states, that is to say open states, which however correspond to two different situations, that is to say one with the cover open and the other with the cover closed and locked . Finally, Figures 70 to 72 show an embod iment variant of an electrical connector having a lock switch of the normally-open NO type similar to that described and shown with reference to Figures 1 to 13. This embodiment variant is different owing to the design of the means for electrically connecting the contact blades 200 and 202. This is because, as may be seen by comparing in particular Figures 70 to 72 with Figures 5, 1 1 and 12, it will be noted that the tabs 230 and 232 for electrically connecting the lock switch contact blades 200 and 202 do not engage directly with the conducting tracks on a printed-circuit board but are designed , by being adjacent and being bent vertically upwards, to engage with two standard blades 38' , that is to say blades identical to signal blades 38, as may be seen in Figure 70 with which they are always in contact, and that they maintain permanently in a bent state, that is to say as in the case of the fixed blade B2 of the end-of-travel switch of the normally-closed type illustrated in Figures 24 and 25. Thus, it is the connection tabs 44' of the contact blades 38' which ensure electrical connection to the printed-circuit board of the two lock switch contact blades 200 and 202. Thus, all the outputs or connection tabs are identical and lie at the same height. In this design, there is, of course, no switch for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover of the type of those described above. The operating diagram for the safety device with the NC lock switch , associated with a pivoting end-of-travel switch, is as follows: 1 - Closure and locking of the connector provided with a card . 1 . 1 - Closure of the cover: 1 .1 .1 If the card is not positioned correctly, the pivoting end-of-travel switch is not actuated during angular closing of the cover since the polarizing finger of the contact- carrying insulation prevents the card from bearing sufficiently on the lateral contacts on the side containing the locking finger. For double safety, the lock switch cannot be closed on the side containing the locking finger, for the same mechanical reason. = The electronics of the appliance are therefore not activated . 1 .1 .2 If the card is correctly positioned , at the end of angular closure of the cover, the pivoting end-of-travel switch is actuated and the lock switch is closed, generating a " rising edge" : C O t => The electronics of the appliance are not always activated . 1 .2 - Locking of the cover: Two situations then arise: 1 .2.1 The operator releases the pivoting cover without having locked the lock: During angular opening of the cover, the end-of-travel switch is deactivated and the lock switch opens, generating a " falling edge" : C I O => The electronics of the appliance are not always activated because of the deactivation of the " end-of-travel" switch which indicates the angular opening of the cover (and which acts before the signal contacts have left the pads on the card). It should be noted that if the lock switch opens before the end-of-travel switch , the electronics of the appliance will be activated for a short time and then immediately deactivated by the signal from the end-of-travel switch before the contacts leave the pads on the smart card . 1 .2.2 The operator correctly and completely locks the pivoting cover with the lock before having released the cover: The pivoting end-of-travel switch is always actuated (1 st condition) and the lock switch opens, generating a " falling edge" (2 nd condition): C I O => The electronics of the appliance are activated (the two conditions being combined). It should be noted that, since the NC switch is open in operation, there is no risk of a stoppage, even if its performance deteriorates over time (in the case of applications in which the card is removed very rarely, priority is given to the operation, over safety). 2 - Unlocking and opening of the connector provided with a card . 2.1 - Unlocking of the cover: The pivoting end-of-travel switch is in the actuated position. The lock is unlocked and the NC lock switch closes, generating a " rising edge" : C O t => The electronics of the appliance are deactivated before complete unlocking of the cover. • 2.2 - Opening of the cover: Two situations then arise: 2.2.1 The operator again locks the lock before having released the pressure on the cover, and therefore without having allowed the cover to pivot towards its angular opening position: the configuration is then again as in 1 .2.2. => The electronics of the appliance are activated . 2.2.2 The operator releases the pressure on the unlocked cover and the cover opens angularly: the configuration is again as in 1 .2.1 . => The electronics remain deactivated. The NC lock switch version is advantageous if the smart card is rarely removed from the electronic appliance (for example in the case of a cellular telephone, GSM telephone, etc.). Should the performance of the switch (which is rarely activated) deteriorate over time, the operation of the apparatus is not stopped. The pivoting end-of-travel switch is in safety mode in order to ensure that the electronics of the equipment are protected when opening the connector, even if the lock switch no longer operates. When putting the card back into the connector and when again locking the lock, there will have been a complete " opening/closing" cycle of the blade-type lock switch : the self- cleaning effect of this cycle has every chance of " making good" the lock switch , and the electronics of the appliance will be activated without the operator being aware of a deterioration in the lock switch due to the effect of ageing of the rarely used blade switch . If a failure of the lock switch occurs, we have seen that there is no danger to the electronics because of the end-of-travel switch . On the other hand , a failure of the end-of-travel switch would throw the safety of the electronics of the appliance into doubt. It is then conceivable to ensure safety in this unfavourable situation , since the electronics of the appliance are capable of detecting the presence of the smart card via the signal contacts (but, without the switch, it is incapable of preventing these from opening in advance) . If the pivoting end-of-travel switch is of the NO type, any failure of the latter will immediately be detected " in the position in which the card bears on the contacts" by the electronics of the appliance, since the NO-type switch must be closed when the signal contacts have been established. If a failure of the end-of-travel switch is detected during operation , that is to say during the period during which the card is correctly installed and the lock correctly locked , the electronics can simply record this information and leave the electronics " activated" until the next " rising edge" pulse of the NC-type lock switch , that is to say at the first unlocking, and the reactivation of the electronics will then be prohibited because of the fact that the " end-of- travel" switch will give the " no card present" information (configuration will then again be equivalent to that indicated in section 1 .1 .1 ). If the pivoting end-of-travel switch is of the NC type, any failure of the latter will be immediately detected in the " no card" position or in the " card not bearing on the contacts" position, since the NC-type switch must be closed when the signal contacts have not been established. If a failure of the end- of-travel switch occurs during operation , that is to say during the period during which the card is correctly installed and the lock correctly locked , the electronics would not detect the failure and would remain actuated until the next " rising edge" pulse of the NC lock switch , that is to say at the first unlocking : it is at this point that danger occurs. Two situations may then arise: The operator releases the pressure from the already unlocked cover. The cover pivots towards its angular opening position ; the lock switch opens and , since the end-of-travel switch is not working , reads " card present" by mistake and is again in the configuration indicated in section 1 .2.2 which, without an additional precaution , would give the order to reactivate the electronics with the risk of damaging them. The recommended additional precaution to avoid this risk consists in preventing the activation of the electronics from occurring when the " falling edge" for closing the lock is immediately preceded , within a fixed time of a few seconds for example, by a " falling edge" for opening the NC-type end-of- travel switch. The operator again locks the lock without having released the pressure on the cover. Although in this configuration there is no risk, the electronics of the appliance will not be reactivated because of the additional precaution (since the " falling edge" for the lock switch will not have been immediately preceded by a " falling edge" for the end-of-travel switch). The NO-type lock switch version is preferred in the case of applications for which safety is a priority (for example for appliances handling financial transactions, etc.), and for which no risk, albeit a minute one, is acceptable to the appliance manufacturer. The " closed" lock switch position is possible only when the lock is correctly locked . The pivoting end-of-travel switch serves essentially to detect the presence of a card (although this function can be provided by the electronics through the signal contacts) , but it can also be used as double safety, in the extreme case, for example, of conducting impurities causing short circuits between each of the spoons of the two contact blades of the lock switch and the lock at the moment it opens. The various combinations of switches are as follows. The " NO-type lock switch/NO-type pivoting end-of- travel switch" combination is the configuration providing the greatest safety. The " NC lock switch/NC pivoting end-of-travel switch" combination is the best " operating comfort/safety" compromise. The NO- or NC-type " pivoting end-of-travel" switches can be used by themselves, giving a single level of safety: - the NO-type version if priority is given to safety (but violent shocks to the appliance in operation may cause a brief separation of the semi-permanent contact and trigger stoppage of the electronics, this being completely safe but annoying for the user); - the NC version if priority is given to operating comfort. On the other hand , these " pivoting end-of-travel" switches do not allow verification that the connector is properly locked , something which is a necessary condition in certain operations such as, for example, a financial transaction (in this case, not only must the electronics be made safe but the operation must be secure). NO-type " lock switches" (which are more expensive and, in some cases, bulkier than pivoting end-of-travel switches) may also be used by themselves, as long as it is possible to detect " card presence" via the signal contacts. This allows the eight contacts of the contact holder to be used as signal contacts. The NO-type version is very safe (this is the safest configuration after the NO/NO combination). On the other hand , the NC-type " lock switch" version by itself is dangerous for the electronics and is not recommended . The fourth embodiment illustrated in Figures 77 to 90 will now be described . As may be seen in these figures, the overall design of the connector is identical to that of the previous embodiments. This is especially the case for the base 36 and the cover 76. However, it will be noted in Figure 78 that the lower face of the front end part of the base has a recess 300 which is clear of the place under the connector for providing components on the printed-circuit board, under this recessed region of the connector. As regards the lock 140, this is in every way identical to that illustrated in detail in Figures 1 to 43, apart from its transverse upper plate 142 which has a boss 302 which forms a rib for reinforcing the cross-piece and which facilitates manipulation of the lock by forming a gripping reg ion in relief. The design of the lock switch here is novel in so far as it is no longer a switch which changes state once, depending on whether the lock is locked or unlocked , but here is rather a switch having three separate successive states when the lock is locked or when it is unlocked. More particularly, the design of the two blades 200 and 202 here makes it possible to produce an open-closed-open electrical sequence of the switch 140-200-202. For this purpose, and as may be seen by comparing in particular Figures 79 and 80 with Figures 1 1 and 12, the lock switch contact blades 200 and 202 are modified . Near its front free end, the switch contact blade 200 has a contact tab 218 in the form of a hairpin bent through 180° in the form of a U which extends transversely outwards and longitudinally rearwards, with its contact boss 226 which extends so as to project vertically upwards and which is intended to engage with the corresponding lower face 188 of the tab 172 of the metal lock 140. More specifically, the contact boss 226 is aligned transversely with the contact tab 172 and it lies to the front of the front transverse edge 177 of the tab 172 when the lock is in its unlocked rear position shown in Figure 82. Near its central part, the switch contact blade 202 has a contact tab 220 bent through 90°, which extends transversely outwards and longitudinally forwards, with its contact boss 228 which extends so as to project vertically upwards and which is intended to engage with the corresponding lower face 1 90 of the tab 174 of the metal lock 140. More specifically, the contact boss 228 is aligned transversely with the contact tab 174 and lies to the rear of the rear transverse edge 183 of the tab 174 when the lock is in its locked forward position shown in Figure 90. The relative longitudinal positioning of the two blades 200 and 202 with their contact bosses 226 and 228 and the dimension of the lock 140 (especially the distance separating the front transverse edge 177 of the contact tab 172 from the rear transverse edge 183 of the tab 174) are such that they make it possible to ensure the open-closed-open sequence which will now be explained with reference to Figures 82, 84, 86, 88 and 90. I n Figure 82, the cover 76 has just been closed . The blade 202, 220, 228 is in electrical contact with the lower face 1 90 of the tab 174, but the blade 200 is not in contact with the lock since the contact boss 226 is offset forwards with respect to the front transverse edge 177 of the tab 172. It should therefore be noted that the electrical circuit is open and that, advantageously, there is no electrical consumption because of the lock switch .- Closing the lock 140, for the purpose of locking the cover 76, corresponds to moving it from the left to the right in Figure 82. During this locking travel, the lock reaches the position illustrated in Figure 84 in which the blade 202, 226 is still in contact with the tab 174, 190 of the lock, but in which the front transverse edge 177 of the tab 172 of the lock 140 is not yet in contact with the contact boss 226 of the blade 200. The lock is then at the limit of the start of locking and there remains here, for example, a locking travel of 1 .9 mm, while there remains a travel of 0.8 mm before the electrical contact is broken between the boss 228 and the contact tab 174, 190. The electrical circuit is therefore still open. Next, the position illustrated in Figure 86 is reached , in which the contact blade 202, 228 is still in contact with the contact tab 174 of the lock 140, and in which the tab 172 is in contact with the blade 202 via the contact boss 226 which is in electrical contact with the lower face 1 88 of the tab 172. The locking of the cover is effective from a travel of 0.4 mm , there remains a locking travel of 1 .5 mm and there remains a travel of 0.4 mm before the electrical contact is broken between the boss 228 of the blade 202 and the contact tab 174, 190. Thereafter, the electrical circuit is therefore closed. Next, the position illustrated in Figure 88 is reached , in which the electrical contact between the blade 202, 228 and the tab 174, 190, 183 of the lock 140 has just been broken , whereas the tab 172 is still in electrical contact with the blade 200, 226. There then remains 0.75 mm of forward travel of the lock before it reaches its fully locked position illustrated in Figure 90. As soon as the position in Figure 88 is reached, the electrical circuit is again open and the electrical consumption of the lock switch circuit is again zero. Of course, the electrical circuit remains open in the locked position in Figure 90, in which there is also a contact safety margin of 0.5 mm in the unlocking direction . The open-closed-open sequence has thus been carried out during the locking of the lock 140, that is to say, from the standpoint of the processing circuit which receives information coming from the lock switch 200-202- 140, this switch behaves as one producing an electrical pulse during the locking operation, or during the unlocking operation in so far as the reverse, unlocking seq uence is analogous. The software for the electronic apparatus equipped with the connector makes it possible to detect the direction of movement of the lock (locking or unlocking) for example by storing in memory the previous position . In the closed and locked position , just like in the unlocked position, there is no electrical consumption because of the presence of the lock switch 200-202-140. If, over time, the performance of the switch were to deteriorate, the operation of the electronic appliance would not be affected until the first unlocking operation after the failure. The appliance could then no longer be restored to operation, except if the effect of the contacts being self-cleaned during the manipulation in the two directions of the lock were to allow correct operation of the lock switch 200-202-140 again. On the other hand, the safety function inherent in the switch is not provided during the first unlocking operation after the failure. The embodiment illustrated in Figures 91 et seq . will now be described , this embodiment making it possible to know, at any time, the position of the lock and the direction of its movement (locking or unlocking movement) and providing the user with a number of lock switches which he may combine as he so chooses, depending on the applications and requirements for the operation of the appliance. According to this fifth embodiment, a third lock switch contact blade 400 is provided , whereas the first and second blades 200 and 202 are similar to those described and shown previously in the case of the fourth embodiment. The switch blade is only slightly modified as regards its attachment and its electrical connection , in order to allow the third lock switch blade 400 to be fitted , which in this case is a so- called " common" blade which is always in electrical contact with the lower face 190 of the tab 174 of the lock, its output or connection tab 406 thus forming a point common to the various lock switches. The common contact blade 400 has, for this purpose, a contact tab 402 bent through 90°, with a contact boss 404 which is always in contact with the tab 174, 190, that is to say whatever the longitudinal position of the lock with respect to the base 36 and therefore with respect to the common blade 400, 404. Thus, in the unlocked position of the lock 140 corresponding to Figure 82, the switch formed by the blades 202 and 400 closes the electrical circuit between the outputs 232 and 406, this circuit opening when the lock reaches and then goes beyond the position in Figure 88. It is thus a switch of the NC type. This switch 202-400 also makes it possible to detect that the cover 36 is closed . If the switch formed by the combination of blades 200 and 400 is used in the unlocked position of the lock 140, corresponding to Figure 82, the switch formed by the blades 200 and 400 " opens" the electrical circuit between the outputs 230 and 406, which closes when the lock reaches and then goes beyond the position in Figure 86. It is thus a switch of the NO type. If the switch formed by the blades 200 and 202 is used , this is again the pulse-type switch corresponding to the fourth embodiment and allowing an open-closed-open sequence to be produced . If the third blade 400 is also used , it is then possible to discriminate between the directions of movement of the lock, while still providing a delay in combination with the NO-type switch (200-400) so as no longer to consume current during operation, knowing that the function with the NC-type switch (202-400), without the associated delay, allows the direction of movement to be detected . The invention is not limited to the embodiments and variants which have just been described or mentioned . For example, it is possible for the moving locking member to be made of plastic with a layer of metallization on its functional surfaces contributing to the lock switch function. Nor is the invention limited to the cases in which the lock is a locking bar mounted so as to pivot longitudinally on the cover. The principle according to the invention of detecting the locked position of the cover-locking member, whether or not in combination with detection of the end of closure travel of the cover, can be applied to other known designs of means for locking the cover or cap in the closed position.

Claims: CLAIMS 1 . Connector (30) for the electrical connection of a smart card (C), a lower face (32) of which has con nection areas (34), - of the type comprising a plate-shaped lower base (36) made of insulating material, forming a support for signal electrical-contact elements (38), - of the type comprising an upper cover (76) which has, in one of its opposed faces, a housing which at least partly houses the card (C), - of the type in which the cover (76) is mounted so as to pivot with respect to the base (36), about a horizontal transverse hinge axis (X-X) located near the facing rear longitudinal ends of the base (36) and of the cover (76) , between an open contact position and a closed contact position in which the cover (76) is approximately parallel to the base (36) and in which the connection areas (34) on the card engage with the free contact ends (40) of the signal electrical-contact elements (38) , and - of the type comprising a member (140) for locking the cover (76) in the closed position , which member is mounted so as to move between an unlocked extreme position and a locked extreme position , characterized in that the locking member has two opposed transverse parts (172, 174) which are conducting and are electrically connected together, each transverse part having a conducting surface each of which is, or is not, depending on the position of the locking member, in electrical contact with an associated fixed electrical switch contact element (200, 202, 260, 262) so as to electrically connect them, or not, in order to form an electrical switch for detecting the state of the cover, namely locked by the locking member (140) or not, and in that the member for locking the cover is mounted so as to move longitudinally with respect to the lower base. 2. Connector according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the member for locking the cover consists of the cover which can move longitudinally with respect to the lower base. 3. Connector according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the member (140) for locking the cover (76) is mounted so as to move longitudinally over the cover (76). 4. Connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the locking member (140) is mounted so as to move longitudinally between an unlocked rear extreme position and a locked front extreme position. 5. Connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the locking member is a transverse bar ( 140, 142) for locking the cover (76) in the closed position, which extends above the cover (76) on which it is mounted so as to slide longitudinally between an unlocked rear extreme position and a locked front extreme position . 6. Connector accord ing to the preceding claim , characterized in that the cover (76) has two parallel lateral uprights (78, 80), in that the moveable locking bar (140) is a transverse plate (142) which is mounted so as to slide above the lateral uprights and in that its opposed transverse ends are bent up vertically ( 154, 156) along the external transverse faces (158, 160) of the lateral uprights (78, 80) and then transversely in the form of two horizontal and opposed tabs, each of which constitutes one of the said two conducting opposed transverse parts ( 172, 174). 7. Connector according to the preceding claim , characterized in that the said horizontal tabs (172, 174) are aligned longitudinally. 8. Connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the opposed transverse ends of the locking bar are bent transversely, horizontally, inwards. 9. Connector according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the said conducting faces are horizontal, especially lower, faces (1 88, 1 90, 254, 256) of the said horizontal tabs (172, 174). 1 0. Electrical connector according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that each of the said fixed switch contact elements (218, 220, 226, 228) belongs to a switch contact blade (200, 202) which is carried by the connector. 1 1 . Electrical connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each switch contact blade (200, 202) is fastened beneath the lower face (50) of the lower base (36) of the connector. 12. Electrical connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each switch contact blade (200, 202, 204, 206) extends in a space vertically bounded upwards by the lower face (50) of the lower base (36) of the connector and downwards by the upper face of a printed-circuit board which carries the base (36) of the connector with respect to which it is raised by spacers. 13. Electrical connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the spacers are vertical feet (37) belonging to the lower base of the connector. 14. Connector according to Claim 1 0, characterized in that each contact blade is placed in the thickness of the connector and is carried by the lower base (36). 1 5. Electrical connector according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that each of the said fixed switch contact elements is a conducting pad (260, 262) formed on the upper face (258) of a printed-circuit board (PCB) which carries the base (36) of the connector. 16. Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the normally-open (NO) type, i.e. it is closed when the cover (76) is locked in the closed position . 17. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the normally-closed (NC) type, i.e. it is open when the cover (76) is locked in the closed position . 18. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the electrical switch for detecting the locked state of the cover is of the impulse type, i.e. it changes state at least twice (open-closed-open) when locking or unlocking the locking member ( 140). 19. Connector accord ing to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (76) has two parallel lateral uprights (78, 80), the facing internal transverse faces of which laterally define the housing for the card , which housing is open longitudinally towards the front and into which the card is inserted longitudinally from the front to the rear, in a direction (I) parallel to its general plane and to that of the cover (76). 20. Electrical connector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating lower base (36) is bounded by an approximately plane upper face (42) from above which a series of contact ends (40) project vertically, each of which belongs to the free end portion of an elastically deformable signal contact blade (38) carried by the insulating support, each free end portion being elastically deformed downwards by the card (C) when the latter is brought, together with the cover (76), into a contact position in which each contact end bears elastically against a contact area (34), and in that it has an electrical switch (820, B 1 ) for detecting the end of closure travel of the cover (76) which carries a card (C) in the contact position , having a switch blade (820) made of conducting material which is fastened to the insulating base (36, 42) and which has at least one first branch (B 1 ) which extends opposite an upper part of a free end portion (40) belonging to an elastically deformable blade (38) made of conducting material which is carried by the insulating support (36) and which has a free connection end (740) , the first branch (B 1 ) of the switch blade (820), or the said upper part of a free end portion (40), being capable of engaging with the lower face (32) of the card at the end of closure travel of the cover (76) in order to make, or break, an electrical switch circuit between the connection end (40) of the blade (38) having the said part and between the switch blade (820), and in that the blade having the said part is identical to the signal contact blades of the connector. 21 . Connector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that there is a time delay, especially one greater than or equal to 400 microseconds, between the change of state of the end-of- travel detection switch (820, B 1 ) and the change of state of the signal contacts (38, 40, 34).

Inventors: BRICAUD HERVE, PIZARD YVES, BRICAUD, HERVE, PIZARD, YVES
Applicants: BRICAUD HERVE, ITT MFG ENTERPRISES INC, PIZARD YVES, BRICAUD, HERVE, ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES INC., PIZARD, YVES
Application year: 2000
Main classification: H01R12
IPC codes: G06K7, G06K17, H01R3, H01R12, H01R13, H04M1