MEVINOLIN DERIVATIVES

Abstract: Mevinolin derivatives wherein the lactone ring is modified have interesting pharmaceutical properties, particularly in preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions.

Description: Mevinoiin Derivatives The present invention relates to mevinoiin derivatives, a process for their production, their use as a pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical preparations containing them. More particularly the present invention provides a compound of formula I wherein each of a — b and α — β independently, is either a single bond or a double bond; .. H , • • " C h alky. D r — OR a wherein R a is H; d- 6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH or C^alkoxy; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; or aryl-Cι- 4 alkyl; R 2 is OH; -O-CO-R 5 wherein R 5 is Cι. 8 alkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-Cι. 4 alkyl, aryl or aryl-Ci. 4 alkyl; or -O-R 6 wherein R 6 is the residue of an α-amino-acid attached to O through its carbonyl residue or -CHR 7 -COR 8 wherein R 7 is H, Cι. 4 alkyl, heteroCι. alkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl, Ca^cycloalkyl-C^alkyl, aryl or aryl-C 1 - 4 alkyl and R 8 is OH, C^alkoxy or NR 9 R 10 wherein each of R 9 and R 10 independently is H, Cι- 4 alkyl or R 9 and R 10 form together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, a heteroaryl group; R 3 is a substituted lactam, piperidyl, linear amino alcohol or cyclic carbamate, or a residue of formula (i) wherein R 13 is OH; Cι- 6 alkoxy; -O-CO-Cι- 6 alkyl; or -O-CO-NHd. 6 alkyl; Rι 4 is OH; Cι. 4 alkoxy; d- 4 alkyl; hydroxy-d-salkoxy; Cι. 4 alkoxy-d- 5 alkoxy; C 1 . 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-C 1 . 4 alkyl; or NR 9a R 10a -C 1 . 5 alkoxy wherein each of R 9a and Rι 0a independently has one of the significances given for R 9 and Rι 0 ; R 15 is H or Cι- 4 alkyl; and R 16 is CONRι 7 R 18 wherein one of R 17 and R 18 is H and the other is d. 6 alkyl, hydroxy-d. 6 alkyl, C 3 . cycloalkyl-Cι- 4 alkyl or aryl-Cι. alkyl; or d- 6 alkoxy-carbonyl; each of a— b and α— β being a single bond when each of R 13 or R 14 is OH; and R 4 is H or OR 19 wherein R 19 is Cι. 6 alkyl, hydroxy-d-ealkyl, aryl-Cι- alkyl or d. alkoxycarbonyl-Cι. 4 alkyl, and wherever "aryl" appears as is or in the significances of "aryl-Cι. alkyl" in the above definition, it is "phenyl" or "naphthyl" optionally substituted by halogen, OH, NRuR 12 , COOH, CF 3 , Cι. 4 alkoxy, C h alky!, hydroxy-Cι. alkyl, hydroxy-d- alkoxy, Cι. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl, cyano or CONR 11 R 12 , each of Rn and R 12 independently being H, d. alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-Cι. alkyl or naphthyl-Cι. 4 alkyl or Ru and R 12 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound forming heteroaryl; and wherever "heteroaryl" appears, it is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic residue optionally fused to a benzene ring; in free form or in salt form. Alkyl groups or alkyl moieties may be branched or straight chain. Cycloalkyl groups or moieties are preferably cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Heteroalkyi includes e.g. halogenated alkyl such as CF 3 . Polyhydroxy-Cι. 4 alkyl may comprise up to 6 hydroxy groups. Preferably the phenyl or naphthyl moiety in aryl or aryl-Cι. 4 alkyl, when substituted, bears up to 3 substituents as disclosed above, more preferably selected from e.g. methoxy or ethoxy, hydroxy-d. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy-Cι. 4 alkyl and OH. When the phenyl moiety is disubstituted, the 2 substitutents are preferably in positions meta and para. Aryl-Cι. alkyl is preferably benzyl, phenethyl or naphthyl-CH 2 -, the phenyl or naphthyl moiety being optionally substituted as indicated above. Examples of heteroaryl include pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholino, pyridyl, indolyl or quinolyl. Heteroaryl as formed by R 9 and R 10 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may comprise a further heteroatom, e.g. O or N, and is preferably pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl or morpholino. In heteroaryl- C^alkyl, the alkyl moiety preferably is d or C 2 alkyl. The significances given above for "aryl" and "heteroaryl" also applies to the radicals of formulae (a), (b), (ci) or (c 2 ) hereinafter. When Re is the residue of an α-amino acid, it may be the residue of a natural or unnatural α -amino acid residue, e.g. Ala, Leu, lie, Val, Pro, wherein the terminal amino group may be substituted or unsubstituted, e.g. by an amino protecting group. When R 3 is a substituted lactam residue, it is preferably a 6-membered ring wherein the nitrogen of the lactam may be substituted and/or comprising a further substituent on the ring, e.g. on the carbon atom opposite to the nitrogen. Preferably the lactam residue is disubstituted. A suitable example of a substituted lactam as R 3 includes e.g. a radical of formula (a) wherein R 30 is d. 8 alkyl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-d. 4 alkyl; aryl-d. alkyl; heteroaryl; or heteroaryl-d. alkyl; R 31 is OH; Cι. 4 alkoxy; d- 4 alkyl; Cι- alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι- 4 alkoxy; hydroxy-d. 5 alkoxy; Cι. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι. 4 alkyl; amino-Cι. 4 alkoxy; HOOC-d. 4 alkoxy; HOOC-d. 4 alkyl; or NR 9a Rι 0a -Cι. 5 alkoxy wherein each of R 9a and R 10a independently has one of the significances given for R 9 and Rι 0 . When R 3 is a substituted piperidyl residue, the nitrogen of the piperidyl may be substituted and/or a further substituent may be present on the ring, e.g. on the carbon atom opposite to the nitrogen. Preferably the piperidyl residue is disubstituted. A suitable example of a substituted piperidyl residue includes e.g. a radical of formula (b) wherein R 40 has one of the significances given for R 30 ; and R 41 has one of the significances given for R 31 or is -O-CO-d. 8 alkyl. When R 3 is a substituted amino alcohol residue, the amino group thereof may be monosubstituted, e.g. by a substituent such as or aryl-d. 4 alkyl-carbonyl, and/or a further substituent may be present on the chain, e.g. on the carbon atom adjacent to the alcohol or amino group. Cyclisation of the substituted amino alcohol residue leads to a corresponding substituted cyclic carbamate. A suitable example of a substituted amino alcohol and of the corresponding substituted cyclic carbamate includes e.g. a radical of formula (Ci) or (c 2 ) ( c x ) ( c, ) wherein either each of X and Y is H or X and Y form together A- each of R 50 , independently is H; Cι. 8 alkyl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyI; aryl; C 3 . 7 cycIoalkyl-d. 4 alkyl; aryl- Cι. 4 alkyl; heteroaryl; heteroaryl-d. alkyl; aryl-carbonyl; heteroaryl- carbonyl; aryl-Cι. 4 alkyl-carbonyl or heteroaryl-C alkyl-carbonyl, and each of R 51 , independently is H; Cι. 4 alkyl; d. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-C alkyl wherein Cι. 4 alkoxy is optionally substituted by amino, Cι. 4 alkyl-amino or di-(d. alkyl)-amino; or R 23 R 24 N-CO-C 1 . 4 alkyl wherein R 23 is H, Chalky!, hydroxy-Cι. 4 aIkyl, polyhydroxy-d-βalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci. 4 alkyl, amino-Cι. 4 alkyl, Cι. alkylamino-Cι. 4 alkyl, di-(Cι. 4 alkyl)amino- at least one of R 50 and R 51 being other than H. Preferred compounds of formula I are those wherein R 3 is substituted lactam, substituted linear amino alcohol, substituted cyclic carbamate, preferably substituted lactam or substituted cyclic carbamate, e.g. as disclosed above, more preferably a radical of formula (a) or (ci) or (c 2 ) wherein X and Y are -CO-. In the compounds of formula I, the following significances are preferred individually or in any sub-combination: 1. Ri is H or CH 3 , preferably CH 3 ; 2. R 2 is -O-CO-R 5 , preferably wherein R 5 is C 4 . 8 alkyl, particularly -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 3 , - CH(CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 ) 2) -CH(CH 2 -CH 3 ) 2) -C(CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 or -CH(CH 2 -CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 . 3. a— b is a double bond; 4. α — β is a double bond; 5. R 4 is H; 6. R 3 is a radical of formula (i); 7. R 16 is CO-NR 7 R 18 ; preferably one of Rι 7 and R 18 is H; 8. Each of R 13 and Rι is OH and each of a— b and α— β is a single bond; 9. Each of R 13 and R 1 is other than OH; 10. R 3 is a radical of formula (a); 11. R 30 in (a) is aryl-Cι. 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-Cι. 4 alkyl, preferably benzyl or naphthyl-methyl wherein the phenyl or naphthyl ring is optionally substituted by OH, Cι. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy- d. alkoxy or hydroxy-Cι. 4 alkyl, or morpholino, pyridyl, indolyl or quinolyl; 12. R 31 in (a) is OH, d. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy-d. 4 alkoxy, C 1 . 4 alkoxy-carbonyl- d. 4 alkoxy or HOOC- C,. 4 alkoxy; 13. R 3 is a radical of formula (Ci) or (c 2 ) wherein X and Y form together -CO-; 14. R 50 in (Ci) or (c 2 ) wherein X and Y form together -CO-, is aryl-d. 4 alkyl or heteroaryl- d. 4 alkyl, preferably benzyl or naphthyl-methyl wherein the phenyl or naphthyl ring is optionally substituted by OH, d^alkoxy, hydroxy-d^alkoxy or hydroxy-d^alkyl; 15. R51 in (ci) or (c 2 ) wherein X and Y form together -CO-, is amino- d. 4 alkyl; d. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-d--ιalkyl; HOOC-C alkyl; or R 23 R 24 N- CO-d. 4 alkyl. Compounds of formula I may exist in free form or in salt form, e.g. as acid addition salts with e.g. organic or inorganic acids, for example, hydrochlorides, or salts when a COOH is present, as salts with bases e.g. alkali salts such as sodium or potassium, or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts. It will be appreciated that the radicals of formulae (i), (a), (b), (c^ and (c 2 ) may comprise at least one asymetric carbon atom, e.g. the carbon atom which bears R 15 and R 16 , R 31 , R 41 or R 51 , respectively, for example <a ' ) (c/) Where the stereochemistry of any part of a compound of the invention is not specified, it is to be understood that the present invention embraces individual enantiomers and their mixtures. Similar considerations apply in relation to starting materials exhibiting asymetric carbon atoms as mentioned above. Where compounds of the invention exist in isomeric form as aforementioned, individual isomers may be obtained in conventional manner, e.g. employing optically active starting materials or by separation of initially obtained mixtures, for example using conventional chromatographic techniques. The present invention also includes a process for the production of a compound of formula I, comprising a) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (i) submitting mevinoiin or compactin or the corresponding tetrahydro-mevinolin or -compactin to ring opening, e.g. by reaction with a corresponding amine, e.g. arylamine; or b) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a radical of formula (c^ wherein each of X and Y is H, submitting to reductive amination the carbonyl function in R" 3 in a compound of formula IV wherein Rι, R 2 , R , a — b and α — β and R^ are as defined above, and R" 3 is a radical of formula (c 1A ) wherein R 51 is as defined above; or c) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (c 2 ) wherein each of X and Y is H, submitting mevinoiin or compactin wherein the lactone ring has been converted into a conjugated α,β unsaturated lactone, to a 1 ,4-addition e.g. with an amine, e.g. veratrylamine, and concomitant ring opening with an alcohol, e.g. methanol; or d) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (Ci) or (c 2 ) wherein each of X and Y is -CO-, submitting to cyclisation a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (c^ or (c 2 ) wherein each of X and Y is H; or e) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a substituted lactam, e.g. a residue of formula (a), submitting a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (i) wherein Rι 3 is OH oxidised to a ketone and R 16 is CONHR 18 , to a reductive amination and concomitant ring closure; or converting the free OH group in R 3 in a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a residue of formula (i) wherein R 16 is CONHR 18 , into a leaving group, e.g. by mesylation, and then submitting the resulting compound to a basic treatment; or f) for the production of a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a substituted piperidyl, e.g. a residue of formula (b), reducing a compound of formula I wherein R 3 is a substituted lactam, e.g. a residue of formula (a); and, where required, removing the protecting group where present, and converting the resulting compound of formula I in free form or in salt form. Where OH groups are present in the starting products which are not to participate in the reaction, they may be protected, in accordance with known methods. OH protecting groups are known in the art, e.g. tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silanyl. Process steps (a) to (f) may be effected analogously to methods known in the art or as disclosed in the Examples below. The cyclisation in step (d) may conveniently be carried out in the presence of a cyclisation agent, e.g. carbonyl diimidazole. Compounds of formula IV may be prepared by opening of the OH protected lactone ring according to known procedures, e.g. by reaction with an amine and then oxidation of the resulting hydroxy group into a ketone. Insofar as the production of the starting materials is not particularly described, the compounds are known or may be prepared analogously to methods known in the art or as disclosed in WO 99/11258, e.g. starting from mevinoiin or compactin or tetrahydro-mevinolin or -compactin. The -O-CO-CH(CH 3 )-C 2 H 5 of mevinoiin, compactin or tetrahydro-mevinolin or -compactin may also be reduced to OH and then esterified to another -O-CO-R 5 group. The following Examples are illustrative of the invention. Following abbreviations are used: Boc = tert.-butoxy-carbonyl rt = room temperature OMe = methoxy THF = tetrahydrofurane DMF = dimethylformamide DCC = N,N'-dicycIohexylcarbodiimide Pro = proline TBDMS = tert-butyldimethylsilyl DMAP = dimethylaminopyridine CDI = carbonyldiimidazole TBME = tert-butylmethylether CHX = cyclohexane .Example 1 : (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3R,7S,8aR)-8-{(S)-2-[(4R,6R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy-benzyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-[1 ,3]oxa- zinan-6-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester a) To a solution of 40.4 g mevinoiin ((S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1 S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2- ((1 R,3R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a- hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester) in 100 ml of CH 2 CI 2 are added 24.4 g DMAP, then slowly 15.0 g Ac 2 O. The mixture is stirred overnight at rt. The reaction is controlled by TLC, TBME/CHX , 3:2. The reaction mixture is diluted with TBME, washed successively with water, ca. 15% citric acid, brine, then dried over sodium sulfate. The organic phase is concentrated and the product cristallized by addition of diisopropylether. The precipitate is filtred, washed with diisopropylether and dried, yielding the α,β unsaturated lactone derivative (S)-2-methyl-butyric acid (S)- (3R,7S,8aR)-7-methyl-3-methyl-8-[(S)-2-((R)-6-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]- 1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester. MS (FAB-MS), 387 (MH+) b) To 15.5 g of compound a) in 250 ml MeOH is added 14.4 g of the 4-(tert-butyl- dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-benzylamine and the mixture is stirred overnight. TLC control in TBME. The reaction mixture is completely evaporated and the crude product separated by flash-chromatography on silica gel (CHX-> TBME-> MeOH). The desired methylester (S)-2-methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3R,7S,8aR)-8-{(R)-(3R,5R)-5-[4-(tert-butyl- dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-benzylamino]-3-hydroxy-6-methylcarbamoyl-hexyl}-7- methyl-S-methyl-I ^.S .δ.δa-hexahydro-naphthalen-l-yl ester is obtained. MS, (ESI), 686.5 (MH+) c) A solution of 12.5 g of the compound as obtained in b), in 25 ml DMF is treated with 4.1 g CDI and stirred for ca. 5 h. at rt. TLC control in TBME/ CHX, 3:2. The reaction mixture is diluted with TBME, extracted with water and then brine, the organic phase dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The crude product is purified by RP-18 chromatography, MeOH/H2O -> MeOH. After rechromatography on silica gel, TBME/CHX -> TBME, the cyclic carbamate (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3R,7S,8aR)- 8-((S)-2-{(4R,6R)-3-[4-(fet -butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-benzyl]-4- methylcarbamoylmethyl-2-oxo-[1 ,3]oxazinan-6-yl}-ethyl)-7-methyl-3-methyl- 1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yi ester is obtained as a foam. MS (ESI), 712.5 (MH+) d) To a solution of 6.0 g of the compound as obtained in c) in 25 ml MeOH is added a total of 5.5 g 2-amino-ethanol and the mixture is heated at reflux, for ca. 40 hrs., until completion (TLC control in moist ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, extracted with citric acide and brine, then dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The crude product is purified as above, first by RP-18 chromatography then on silica gel. The title product is obtained as a white foam. MS (ESI): 627.4 (MH+) Example 2: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3R,7S,8aR)-8-{(S)-2-[(4R,6R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy-benzyl)-4-methylcarbamoylmethyl-2-oxo-[1 ,3]oxazinan-6-yl]- ethyl}-7-methyl-3-methyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester 3.6 g of the compound as obtained in Example 1c) is dissolved in 100 ml of a solution of ca. 30% methylamine in MeOH and stirred at rt for ca. 24 hrs. (TLC control in moist ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture is evaporated and the crude product purified by silica gel chromatography (TMBE/CHX -> ethyl acetate). Pure fractions are combined, evaporated and the title compound is obtained as a foam. MS (ESI): 597.4 (MH+) [cc] 20 D = +234.7° (c=1 in methanol) By following the same procedure, but using the appropriate starting material, the diastereomer wherein the carbamate ring has the configuration is also obtained. By following the procedure as disclosed in Examples 1 and 2, the compounds of formula X wherein R 50 and R 51 are as defined in Table 1 below, may be prepared. Table 1 3* 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -(4 * -OH-3'-OMe- 717 [M-H] phenyl) 4 3-OMe-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)- -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -[3'-OMe-4'-(β- 851 [M+HCOO-] benzyl hydroxy-ethoxy)-phenyl] 5 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NHCH 3 611 [MH+] 6 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -COOH 596 [M-H] 7 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-OCH 3 596 [M-H] 8 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CHz-COOH 582 [M-H] 9 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-N(CH 3 ) 2 609 [M-H] 10 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH 570 [MH+] 1 1 3,4-di-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -(3',4 , -di-OH-phenyl) 689 [M-H] 12 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-N-CH(CH 2 OH) 2 669 [M-H] 13 3-OMe-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)- -CH 2 -CO-NHCH 3 639 [M-H] benzyl 14 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CH(OH)-CH 2 OH 655 [M-H] 15 3,4-di-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-OCH 3 582 [M-H] 16 3,4-di-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NHCH 2 CH 2 OH 611 [M-H] 17 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH(CH 2 -OH) 2 655 [M-H] 18 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CH 2 OH 640 [M-H] 19 689 [M-H] -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CH 2 OH 20 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -(CHOH) 4 -CH 2 OH 745 [M-H] 21 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-N-(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2 669 [M-H] 22 3-OMe-4-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-(CH 2 ) 2 -N(CH 3 ) 2 654 [MH+] 23 4-OMe-3-OH-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-CH 2 -CH 2 OH 671 [M+HCOO-] 24 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NH-(3,4-di-OMe-benzyl) 721 [MH+] * The diastereoisomer of the compound of Ex. 3, wherein the cyclic carbamate residue has the configuration is also prepared by following the same procedure. By following the procedure below the compounds of formula Xi may be prepared. The OH protected lactone ring of mevinoiin or compactin may also be submitted to ring opening, e.g. by reaction with an amine, then treatment of the resulting hydroxyamine with carbonyl- diimodazole leads to the carbamate. wherein R 50 , R 51 are as defined in Table 2 below. Table 2 25 * 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-NHCH 3 611 (M+H) 26 3,4-di-OMe-benzyl -CH 2 -CO-0-(CH 2 ) 2 -N(CH 3 ) 2 668 (M+H) * The diasteromer of the compound of Ex. 25, wherein the cyclic carbamate residue has the configuration is also prepared by following the same procedure. Example 27: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (SH3S,4aS,7S,5S,8S,8aS)-8-{(S)-2-[(4R,6R)-3-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-2-oxo- [1 ,3]oxazinan-6-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester By following the first step of the procedure to prepare example 28 (to obtain trans tetrahydro mevinoiin) and then the procedure (step a) to d) as disclosed in Example 1 , the compound of formula is obtained. MS (ESI): 629 [M-H]. Example 28: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[(3R,5R)-6-(3,4- dimethoxy-benzylcarbamoyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-hexyI]-3,7-dimethyl- decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester a) To a solution of 40 g (0.098 mol) of mevinoiin in 3 I ethyl acetate is added 10 g Pt/AI2O3. The mixture is hydrognated under an H 2 atmosphere under 2.6 bar pressure for 16 h. The mixture is filtered and the solvent evaporated. The residue is purified by silical gel chromatography using ethyl acetate/cyclohexane 8/2 as a solvent. First eluted is the undesired cis isomer, followed by a side product with one double bond. Finally the desired trans isomer is eluted. Several crystallizations yielded the desired trans tetrahydro-mevinolin ((S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (S)- (3S,4aS,7S,5S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-((2R I 4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3- methyl-7-methyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester). b) To a solution of 2 g (5.0 mmol) of the trans tetrahydro mevinoiin obtained in a) in 12 ml ethanol is added 3.7 ml (25.0 mmol) 3,4-dimethoybenzylamine. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 h at rt, then it is diluted with 300 ml diethyl ether with and washed with 100 ml of water. The organic extract is dried with MgSO and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silicagel using ethyl acetate as elueήt to give the title compound. MS (ESI): 598 (M+Na), 574 (M-H) The compound of Example 29 is obtained by silylating mevinoiin, following step b) of the procedure of Example 28, reacting with ethyl isocyanate and desilylating according to conventional methods. The compound of example 30 is obtained by reacting mevinoiin with ethyl diazoacetate and rhodium acetate and then following step b) of the procedure of Example 28. Example 29: Example 30: MS(ESI): 613(M+H) MS (ESI): 658 (M+H) The compound of Example 31 is prepared by following step a) and b) of the procedure of Example 1 and desilylating the compound resulting from step b). The compounds of Examples 32 and 33 are obtained by submitting the appropriate starting materials to step a) and a modified version of step b) (in the absence of methanol): Example 31 : Examples 32 and 33: MS (ESI): 571 [MH+] Ex. 32 R = H MS (ESI): 693 [MH+] Ex. 33 R = CH 3 MS (ESI): 791 [M+HCOO] Example 34: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-(5- hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-6-oxo-piperidin-2-yl]- ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester a) To a stirred solution of 22 g (37 mmol) of silylated mevinoiin (obtained by standard silylation of mevinoiin in the 4 position) ((S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2- [(2R,4R)-4-(te/ -butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7- dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester) in 65 ml THF at rt are added 18 g (56 mmol) of C-[5-(fe/?-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl]- methylamine (prepared from 2-bromo-6-methoxy-naphthalene). After 18 hours the reaction mixture is diluted with 250 ml methyl-t-butyl ether and washed successively with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1 to 3/2) to afford the hydroxyamide 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-(5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-{[5- (tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyI)-6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-ylmethyl]-carbamoyl}-3- hydroxy-hexyI)-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester as a white foam. MS (ESI, -Q1 MS) 894.6; 884.3; 848.5 b) To a stirred, cooled (0 °C) solution of 4.3 g (5.0 mmol) of the compound obtained under 34a) above and 1.4 ml (10 mmol) triethylamine in 40 ml THF are added 0.51 ml (6.6 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride. After 30 minutes 6.5 ml (13 mmol) of a 2M solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF are added. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 0 °C. the reaction is quenched with 10% aqueous citric acid and diluted with methyl-t- butyl ether. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with methyl-t-butyl ether. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 95/5 to 4/1 ) to afford the lactam 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-(2-{4- (/ ■ ett-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-[5-(tett-butyl-dimethyl-silanyIoxymethyl)-6-methoxy- naphthalen-2-ylmethyI]-6-oxo-piperidin-2-yl}-ethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro- naphthalen-1 -yl ester as a white foam. MS (ESI, +Q1 MS) 832.6; 598.4 c) To a stirred solution of 106 mg (0.13 mmol) of the compound obtained under 34b) above in 2 ml THF at room temperature are added 606 μl (0.62 mmol) of a 1 N aqueous HCI solution. After 18 hours the reaction is quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and diluted with methyl-t-butyl ether. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with methyl-t-butyl ether. The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate 1 :1 to 1 :4) to afford the pure title compound as a white foam. MS (ESI, -Q1 MS) 648.4; 602.5 [α] 20 D = +119.3° (c=1 in methanol) m.p. = 145°C The compounds of formula X 2 wherein R 30 and R 31 have the significances given in Table 3, are prepared analogously to the procedure as disclosed in Example 34. Table 3 35 AX) OH 545 [MH+] 36 * o OH 545 [MH+] 37 4-(2'-OH-ethoxy)-3-OCH 3 -benzyl OH 628 [M+HCOO-] 38 3,5-di-(OCH 3 )-benzyl OH 554 [MH+] 39 3,4-di-(OCH 2 CH 3 )-phenyl OH 568 [MH+] 40 β-naphthyl-CH 2 - OH 544 [MH+] 41 4-di-ethyl-carbamoyl-benzyl OH 593 [MH+] 42 3-OCH 3 -4-OH-benzyl OH 538 [M-H] 43 4-morpholinocarbonyl-benzyl OH 607 [MH+] 45 4-ethoxy-carbonyl-benzyl OH 566 [MH+] 46 * Q OH 519 [MH+] 47 ** (3,4-dimethoxy)-benzyl OH 554 [M+H] 48 4-pyridyl-CH 2 - OH 495 (M+H) 49 ** 3-pyridyl-CH 2 - OH 494 (M) (El) 50 CH 3 OH 418 (M+H) 51 3-benzoxy-benzyl OH 600 (M+H) 52 * 3-benzoxy-benzyl OH 600 (M+H) 53 3-isopropoxy-benzyl OH 596 (M+HCOO) 54 * 3-isopropoxy-benzyl OH 552 (M+H) 55 (3,4-dimethoxy)-phenethyl OH 568 (M+H) 56 p-CF 3 -benzyl OH 562 (M+H) 57 p-tert.-butoxy-benzyl OH 594 (M+H) 58 OCH 3 640 [MNa+] 59 * * m-methoxy-benzyl OH 523 (M) (El) 60 * benzyl OCH 3 508 (M+H) 61 3-OCH 3 -4-(2'-OH-ethoxy)-benzyl 0-CH 2 -CO-OC 2 H 5 715 [M+HC00-] 62 3-OCH 3 -4-(2'-OH-ethoxy)-benzyl 0-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH 628 [MH+] 63 * benzyl OCH 2 CH 2 OH 538 (M+H) 64 * benzyl 0-CH 2 ■ COOH 552 (M+H) In these compounds the lactam moiety has the following configuration: **Both diastereoisomers are obtained and each can be isolated. The synthesis of compounds of Examples 61 to 64 * additionally comprise a treatment with ethyl diazoacetate and rhodium acetate, followed for the compounds of Examples 62 * and 63 * , by a reduction. By following the procedure of Example 34 but using as starting material the corresponding tetrahydro-mevinolin derivative and 3,4-dimethoxy-benzylamine, the following compound is obtained: Example 65: MS (ESI): 558 [MH+] Compounds of Ex. 66 and 67 may be obtained from mevinoiin as follows: ester cleavage of mevinoiin and oxidation of the newly generated hydroxy position to the oxo compound. The neighbouring hydroxy substituent is then introduced via the formation of the silylenolate and treatment with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. Selective alkylation of the newly formed hydroxy position is achieved by treatment with Meerwein salt. The ester group is introduced via its anhydride. Then the procedure as described for Ex. 34 is followed. Example 66 Example 67 MS (ESI) 598 (M+H) MS (ESI) 598 (M+H) Example 68: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-((R)-1-benzyl-4-methyl-6- oxo-piperidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro- naphthalen-1-yl ester Mevinoiin is treated with acetic anhydride to give the c,β-unsaturated lactone. This is treated with cuprous bromide dimethylsulfide complex and methyl lithium to affect conjugate addition. The methylated lactone compound is treated with methanol and diazabicycloundecane to give the ring opened methylated hydroxy ester. The hydroxy group of which is then oxidized with sulfur trioxide pyridine complex to the corresponding ketone. The ketone is reductively aminated (as described for Example 76b) to give the title compound. MS(EI): 491 (M) By following the procedure of Example 68, but using the appropriate starting materials, the compounds of formula X 3 wherein R T and Y-Z are as defined in Table 4 below, may be prepared: Table 4 Example 71 : (S)-2-MethyI-butyric acid (1S.3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2S,4S)-1-(3,4- dimethoxy-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-piperidin-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl- 1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthaien-1-yl ester a) To a stirred solution of 600 mg (1.1 mmol) of 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-{2-[1 -(3,4- dimethoxy-benzyl)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-piperidin-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a- hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester in 15 ml of THF at rt are added 2 ml of a 65% RedAI® solution in toluene. After 3 hours, the reaction is quenched by the addition of 1 ml of methanol. The organic phase is extracted twice with 15 ml of 2N HCI. The aqueous phases are combined, brought to pH 12 with 1 N NaOH and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (t-butyl methyl ether/methanol 9/1 ) to afford pure 1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-benzyl)-2-[2-(8-hydroxy-2,6- dimethyl-1 ,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-ol as a white foam. MS (ESI) 456 (M+H) b) The above compound is treated with diethylacetic anhydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in dichloromethane at rt for 16 h to give a diacylated compound. The undesired acyl group on the lactone moiety is cleaved by transesterification with methanol at 55°C for 5 h to give the title compound. MS (ESI): 554 (M+H). See formula below in Table 5. By following the procedure of Example 71 , but using the appropriate starting materials, the compounds of formula X 4 wherein R R 3 and Y-Z are as defined in Table 5 below, may be prepared Table 5 Compound of Ex. 73 is obtained from compound of Ex. 71 starting from compound of Ex. 47. Compound of Ex. 74 is obtained from compound of Ex. 72 starting from the diastereoisomer of Ex. 50 ** . Example 76: (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[(3R,5R)-3-(3,4-dimethoxy- benzylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-methylcarbamoyl-hexyl]-3,7-dimethyl- 1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester a) To a solution of 900 mg (1.65 mmol) of 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-[5-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl- silanyloxy)-6-methylcarbamoyl-3-oxo-hexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1 , 2,3,7,8, 8a-hexahydro- naphthalen-1 -yl ester in 5 ml of THF are added 700 mg (11.7 mmol) of acetic acid and 1.0 g (3.2 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at rt. It is then diluted with 30 ml of ethyl acetate and washed successively with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The residue is crystallized from diethyl ether to afford the desired product 2-methyl-butyric acid 8-(5-hydroxy-6- methylcarbamoyl-3-oxo-hexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester as white crystals. MS (FAB) 440 (M+LI) b) To a solution of 300 mg (0.69 mmol) of the compound of formula 76a) in 2 ml of dichloroethane are added 200 mg (1.2 mmol) of veratrylamine, 244 mg (1.15 mmol) of sodium triacetoxyborohydride and 60 mg (1.0 mmol) of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. It is then diluted with 20 ml of ethyl acetate and washed successively with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (tert.-butyl methyl ether/methanol/NH 4 OH aq 90/9/1 ) to afford the title compound as a white foam. MS (ESI) 585 (M+H) By following the procedure of Example 76, but using the appropriate starting materials, the compounds of formula X 5 wherein Ri and R 2 are as defined in Table 6 below, may be prepared. Table 6 The compounds of formula I, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form exhibit valuable pharmacological properties, e.g. inhibiting activity of LFA-1/ICAM-1 or ICAM-3 interactions or inhibiting inflammation, e.g. as indicated in in vitro and jn vivo tests and are therefore indicated for therapy. A. In vitro: i) Cell Free Assay The assay measures the binding of soluble human ICAM-1 to immobilized human LFA-1. LFA-1 is purified from JY cells, a human lymphoblastoid B cell-line, by immunoaffinity chromatography as described by Dustin et al. (J. Immunol. 148, 2654-2663, 1992). ICAM-1 mouse CK fusion protein (ICAM-1 ) is produced using the baculovirus system as described by Weitz-Schmidt et al. (Anal. Biochem.238,184-190, 1996). Purified LFA-1 is diluted 1 :20 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 2 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4 and coated onto microtitre plates (Nunc) at 37 9 C for 3h. Plates are blocked with 1 % heat-treated BSA in PBS for 2 hours at 37 g C followed by a washing step using PBS, 2mM MgCl2, 1 % fetal calf serum, pH 7.4 (assay buffer). Compounds dissolved at 10 mM in DMSO are diluted in assay buffer and added to the plates. Biotinylated recombinant ICAM-1 in assay buffer (6 μg/ml) is added and allowed to bind at 37 g C for one hour. After incubation, wells are washed with assay buffer. Streptavidin-peroxidase diluted 1 :5000 in assay buffer is added and incubated for 45 min at 37 Q C. Plates are then washed with assay buffer and 2.2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt substrate solution is added to each well. The reaction is stopped after 20 min and bound ICAM-1 is determined by measuring the optical density at 405 nm in a microplate reader. In this assay, compounds of formula I inhibit adhesion of LFA-1 to ICAM-1 with an IC 50 < 30 μM, preferably 0.05 to 30 μM. ii) Human Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are isolated from human buffy coats. In each experiment, PBMC from three different donors (A, B, and C) are set up in three individual 2-way reactions (A-B, A-C, B-C). Cells are cocultured for six days and proliferation is determined by pulsing the cells with H-thymidine. The concentration of compounds of formula I which results in 50% inhibition of cell proliferation (IC 50 ) is calculated. In this assay, compounds of formula I inhibit the MLR with an IC 50 in the range of 0.2 to 4 μM. B. In vivo i) Murine Thioglycollate Induced Peritonitis Thioglycollate is injected i.p. to mice and immediately thereafter the compound to be tested is given s.c. The mice are killed after 4 hours, the peritoneal cavity lavaged and total number of neutrophils in the lavage fluid is determined. In this assay, the compounds of formula I inhibit thioglycollate induced neutrophil migration when administered s.c. at a dose of from 0.001-50 μg/kg. ii) Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) Groups of oxazolone-sensitized mice are challenged with 10 μl of 0.2 or 2.0% oxazoione on the inner surface of the right to eliciate ACD. The low concentration of oxazolone is used for testing compounds on systemic activity whereas the high concentration is applied for topical testing. The unchallenged left ears serve as normal controls and dermatitis is evaluated from the individual differences in pinnal weight, which is taken as a measure of increase in inflammatory swelling 24 h after the challenge. Dermatitis is evaluated in test- and for comparison in control groups. The test groups are treated with the test compounds either orally (twice, 2 h and immediately before challenge), subcutaneously (immediately before challenge) or topically (30 min after challenge at the site of elicitation of the ACD); the controls are treated similarly with the vehicles alone. For oral and subcutaneous administration the compounds are administered in an oil in water emulsion, for topical administration the compounds are prepared in a mixture of ethanol, acetone and dimethylacetamide. The data of the test- and the vehicle-treated control groups are statistically analysed by ANOVA followed by Dunnet T-test (normal distribution or data) or by H and U-test, respectively. When administered p.o. at a dose of from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, compounds of formula I inhibit the elicitation phase of allergic contact dermatitis. iii) Transplantation: Heterotopic mouse heart allograft The strain combination used: BALB/c => C3H (H-2d => H-2k) comprises MHC and non-MHC mismatch. Female animals are anaesthetised using inhalational isofluorane. Following heparinisation of the donor BALB/c mouse through the abdominal inferior vena cava with simultaneous exsanguination via the aorta, the chest is opened and the heart rapidly cooled. The aorta is ligated and divided distal to the first branch and the brachiocephalic trunk is divided at the first bifurcation. The left pulmonary artery is ligated and divided and the right side divided but left open. All other vessels are dissected free, ligated and divided and the donor heart is removed into iced saline. The recipient C3H is prepared by dissection and cross-clamping of the infra-renal abdominal aorta and vena cava. The graft is implanted with end-to-side anastomoses, using 11/0 monofilament suture, between the donor brachiocephalic trunk and the recipient aorta and the donor right pulmonary artery to the recipient vena cava. The clamps are removed, the graft tethered retroabdominally, the abdominal contents washed with warm saline and the animal is closed and allowed to recover under a heating lamp. Graft survival is monitored by daily palpation of the beating donor heart through the abdominal wall. Rejection is considered to be complete when heart beat stops. Improvements of graft function are obtained in animals treated with a compound of formula I administered orally at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg. Significant improvement is obtained when the compound of formula I is administered wit an immunosuppressive agent, e.g. cyclosporin A, at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg. The compounds of formula I are, therefore, useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by LFA-1/ICAM-1 or ICAM-3 interactions e.g. ischemia/reperfusion injury e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, gut ischemia, renal failure or hemorrhage shock, acute or chronic rejection of organ or tissue allo- or xenografts, e.g. heart, lung, combined heart-lung, kidney, liver, bowel, bone marrow or pancreatic islets, infection diseases such as septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, or traumatic shock. The compounds of formula I are also useful in the treatment and/or prevention of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases or disorders or autoimmune diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hashimoto's thyroidis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, diabetes type I and uveitis, cutaneous manifestations of immunologically-mediated illnesses, inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin diseases (such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia aerata, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeic dermatitis, lichen planus, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedemas, vasculitides, erythema multiforme, cutaneous eosinophilias, lupus erythematosus, acne, granuloma annulare, pyoderma gangrenosum, sun burns or toxic epidermal necrolysis), inflammatory bowel disease, ophthalmic inflammatory diseases or immune-mediated conditions of the eye, such as auto-immune diseases, e.g. keratoplasty and chronic keratitis, allergic conditions, e.g. vernal conjunctivitis, inflammatory conditions and corneal transplants. Compounds of formula I are useful as immunosuppressive agents. For the above uses the required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. In general, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemically at daily dosages of from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg body weight. An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 80 mg, conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form. For topical use satisfactory results are obtained with local administration of a 1 -3 % concentration of active substance several times daily, e.g. 2 to 5 times daily. The compounds of formula I may be administered systemically or topically, by any conventional route, in particular enterally, e.g. orally, e.g. in the form of tablets or capsules, topically, e.g. in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or a suppository form. Percutaneous administration via patches or other delivery systems may also be a possible route for prevention or treatment of above diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I in association with at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent may be manufactured in conventional manner by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Unit dosage forms contain, for example, from about 0.1 mg to about 40 mg of active substance. Topical administration is e.g. to the skin. A further form of topical administration is to the eye. The compounds of formula I may be administered in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form e.g. as indicated above. Such salts may be prepared in conventional manner and exhibit the same order of activity as the free compounds. In accordance with the foregoing the present invention further provides: 1.1 A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions, e.g. such as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 1.2 A method for preventing or treating acute or chronic inflammatory diseases or disorders or autoimmune diseases, e.g. as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 2. A compound of formula I, in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for use as a pharmaceutical, e.g. in any of the methods as indicated under 1.1 and 1.2 above. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for use in any of the methods as in 1.1 and 1.2 above comprising a compound of formula I in free form or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor. 4. A compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for use in any of the method as in 1.1 and 1.2 above. The compounds of formula I may be administered as the sole active ingredient or in conjunction with, e.g. as an adjuvant to, other drugs in immunomodulating regimens or other anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment or prevention of allo- or xenograft acute or chronic rejection or inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. For example, the compounds of formula I may be used in combination with cyclosporins, rapamycins or ascomycins, or their immunosuppressive analogs, e.g. cyclosporin A, cyclosporin G, FK-506, ABT-281 , ASM981 , rapamycin, 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin etc.; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; azathioprene; methotrexate; FTY720; leflunomide; mizoribine; mycophenolic acid; mycophenolate mofetil; 15-deoxyspergualine; immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies, e.g., monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte receptors, e.g., MHC, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD25, CD28, B7, CD40, CD45 or CD58 or their ligands; or other immunomodulatory compounds, e.g. CTLA4lg, or other adhesion molecule inhibitors, e.g. mAbs or low molecular weight inhibitors including Selectin antagonists and VLA-4 antagonists. A preferred composition is with Cyclosporin A, FK506, rapamycin or 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl- rapamycin. Where the compounds of formula I are administered in conjunction with other immunosuppressive / immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory therapy, e.g. for preventing or treating chronic rejection as hereinabove specified, dosages of the co-administered immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory compound will of course vary depending on the type of co-drug employed, e.g. whether it is a steroid or a cyclosporin, on the specific drug employed, on the condition being treated and so forth, in accordance with the foregoing the present invention provides in a yet further aspect: 5. A method as defined above comprising co-administration, e.g. concomitantly or in sequence, of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and a second drug substance, said second drug substance being an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory or anti- inflammatory drug, e.g. as indicated above. 6. A therapeutic combination, e.g. a kit, for use in any method as defined under 1.1 or 1.2 above, comprising a compound of formula I, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, with at least one pharmaceutical composition comprising an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory drug. The kit may comprise instructions for its administration. Compounds of Examples 2, 28 and 34 are preferred, particularly for use in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, e.g. as indicated above. In one test run, following results were obtained: an IC 50 of 0.05, 0.79 and 0.19 μM, respectively for the compounds of Ex. 2, 28 and 34, in the test Ai); an IC 50 of 0.2 μM for the compound of Ex. 2 in the MLR test Aii); an ED 50 of 0.1μg/kg p.o. for the compound of Ex. 2 in the test Bi); in Bii) compound of Ex. 2 has an inhibiting effect of 41% when administered p.o. at a dose of 2 x 3 mg/kg and compound of Ex. 34 inhibits inflammatory swelling by 41 % at 2x 1 mg/kg p.o. Preferred compounds of formula I are those inhibiting HMG CoA Reductase activity with an IC 50 > 1μM, e.g. > 50μM, in the in vitro Microsomal assay as disclosed in WO 99/11258.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A compound of formula I wherein each of a— b and α— β independently, is either a single bond or a double bond; •" H ' C, , alkyl or —OR, wherein R a is H, Ci-βalkyl optionally substituted by OH or Cι. alkoxy, C 2 . 6 alkenyl or aryl-d. alkyl; R 2 is OH; -O-CO-R5 wherein R 5 is C 1 . 8 alkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl, Cs^cycloalkyl-C^alkyl, aryl or aryl-d. 4 alkyl; or -O-R 6 wherein R 6 is the residue of an α-amino-acid attached to O through its carbonyl residue or -CHR 7 -COR 8 wherein R 7 is H, d. 4 alkyl, heteroC ^lkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-d. 4 alkyl, aryl or aryl-Cι. alkyl and R 8 is OH, d. 4 alkoxy or NR 9 R 10 wherein each of R 9 and R 10 independently is H, C 1 . 4 alkyl or R 9 and R10 form together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, a heteroaryl group; R 3 is a substituted lactam, piperidyl, linear amino alcohol or cyclic carbamate, or a residue of formula (i) wherein R 13 is OH; Ci. 6 alkoxy; -O-CO-d. 6 alkyl; or -O-CO-NHCι- 6 alkyl; R 1 is OH; Cι. alkoxy; C h alky!; d. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι. alkoxy; hydroxy-d. 5 alkoxy; Cι. alkoxy-Cι- 5 alkoxy; Cι. alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι. 4 alkyl; or NRggRio a -d-salkoxy wherein each of R 9a and Rioa independently has one of the significances given for R 9 and Rι 0 ; R 15 is H or Cι_ alkyl; and R 16 is CONRι 7 Rι 8 wherein one of R 17 and R 18 is H and the other is d. 6 alkyl, hydroxy-Cι- 6 aIkyI, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 . 4 alkyl or aryl-C 1 - 4 alkyl; or d. 6 alkoxy-carbonyl; each of a— b and α— β being a single bond when each of R 13 or R 14 is OH; and R 4 is H or OR 19 wherein R 1 9 is d. 6 alkyl, hydroxy-d. 6 alkyl, aryl-d. 4 alkyl or C 1 . alkoxycarbonyl-Cι. 4 alkyl, and wherever "aryl" appears as is or in the significances of "aryl-d. 4 alkyl" in the above definition, it is "phenyl" or "naphthyl" optionally substituted by halogen, OH, NRnR 12 , COOH, CF 3 , d. 4 alkoxy, d. alkyl, hydroxy-Cι. alkyl, hydroxy-d. alkoxy, d. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl, cyano or CONRnR 12 , each of Rn and R1 2 independently being H, d^alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-d. 4 alkyl or naphthyl-d. 4 alkyl or Rn and R 12 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound forming heteroaryl; and wherever "heteroaryl" appears, it is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic residue optionally fused to a benzene ring; in free form or in salt form. 2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 is a radical of formula (a), (b), (c^ or (c 2 ) (a) (b) ( c (c. wherein R 30 is Cι. 8 alkyl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-Cι. 4 alkyl; aryl-Cι. 4 alkyl; heteroaryl; or heteroaryl-Cι. alkyl; R 31 is OH; Cι- alkoxy; Cι- 4 alkyl; d. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι. 4 alkoxy; hydroxy-d- 5 alkoxy; Cι. alkoxy-Cι- 5 alkoxy; d. alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι- 4 alkyl; amino-d. 4 alkoxy; HOOC-Cι- alkoxy; HOOC-d. 4 alkyl; or NR 9a R 10a -Cι. 5 alkoxy wherein each of R 9a and R 10a independently is H, d. 4 alkyl or R 9a and Rι 0a form together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, a heteroaryl group; R 40 has one of the significances given for R 30 ; R 41 has one of the significances given for R 31 or is -O-CO-d. 8 alkyl; either each of X and Y is H or X and Y form together each of R 50 , independently is H; d- 8 alkyl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl-d- 4 alkyl; aryl- d. 4 alkyl; heteroaryl; heteroaryl-Cι. alkyl; d. 4 alkyl-carbonyl; aryl-carbonyl; heteroaryl- carbonyl; aryl-Cι. 4 alkyl-carbonyl or heteroaryl-d- 4 alkyl-carbonyl, and each of R 51 , independently is H; Cι. 4 alkyl; hydroxy-C 1 . 4 alkyl; amino-d. alkyl; Cι. alkoxy- Cι. alkyl; Cι. 4 alkoxy-carbonyl-Cι. 4 alkyl wherein Cι. alkoxy is optionally substituted by amino, d. alkyl-amino or di-(Cι. 4 alkyl)-amino; HOOC-Cι- alkyl; or R 23 R 24 N-CO-C 1 . 4 alkyl wherein R 2 3 is H, Cι. 4 alkyl, hydroxy-Cι. 4 alkyl, polyhydroxy-Cι. 8 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Cι- alkyI, amino-d. 4 alkyl, di-(Cι. 4 alkyl)amino- Cι. alkyl or aryl-C 1 . 4 alkyl and R 24 is H, d- 4 alkyl or hydroxy-d. 4 alkyl, at least one of R 50 and R 51 being other than H. 3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R 3 is a radical of formula (a); R 30 being benzyl or naphthyl-methyl wherein the phenyl or naphthyl ring is optionally substituted by OH, d. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy-d. 4 alkoxy or hydroxy-d. 4 alkyl, or morpholino, pyridyl, indolyl or quinolyl; and R 31 being OH, Cι. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy-Cι. alkoxy, d. alkoxy-carbonyl- Cι. 4 alkoxy or HOOC- Cι. 4 alkoxy. 4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R 3 is a radical of formula (ci) or (c 2 ) wherein X and Y form together -CO-; R 50 being benzyl or naphthyl-methyl wherein the phenyl or naphthyl ring is optionally substituted by OH, Cι. 4 alkoxy, hydroxy-d^alkoxy or hydroxy-Cι. 4 alkyl; and R 51 being hydroxy-d. 4 alkyl; amino-Cι. alkyl; Cι. alkoxy-d. 4 alkyl; Cι. alkoxy-carbonyl- Cι. 4 alkyl; or R 23 R 2 N-CO-Cι. alkyl wherein R 23 and R 24 are as defined in claim 2. 5. A compound according to claim 1 which is (S)-2-methyl-butyric acid (S)-(3R,7S,8aR)- 8-{(S)-2-[(4R,6R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-4-methylcarbamoylmethyl-2-oxo- [1 ,3]oxazinan-6-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1 ,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1 -yl ester or (S)-2-methyl-butyric acid (1 S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2S ) 4R)-4-hydroxy-1-(5- hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-6-oxo-piperidin-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7- dimethyl-1 ^.Sy.δ.δa-hexahydro-naphthalen-l -yl ester. 6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, for use as a pharmaceutical. 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in association with a pharmaceutically aceptable diluent or carrier therefor. 8. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, for use in combination with at least one pharmaceutical composition comprising an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory drug. 9. A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by LFA-1 /ICAM-1 interactions in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Inventors: BAENTELI ROLF, BAUER WILFRIED, COTTENS SYLVAIN, EHRHARDT CLAUS, HOMMEL ULRICH, KALLEN JOERG, MEINGASSNER JOSEF GOTTFRIED, NUNINGER FRANCOIS, WEITZ-SCHMIDT GABRIELE, BAENTELI, ROLF, BAUER, WILFRIED, COTTENS, SYLVAIN, EHRHARDT, CLAUS, HOMMEL, ULRICH, KALLEN, JOERG, MEINGASSNER, JOSEF, GOTTFRIED, NUNINGER, FRANCOIS, WEITZ-SCHMIDT, GABRIELE
Applicants: BAENTELI ROLF, BAUER WILFRIED, COTTENS SYLVAIN, EHRHARDT CLAUS, HOMMEL ULRICH, KALLEN JOERG, MEINGASSNER JOSEF GOTTFRIED, NOVARTIS AG, NOVARTIS ERFINDUNGEN, NUNINGER FRANCOIS, WEITZ SCHMIDT GABRIELE, BAENTELI, ROLF, BAUER, WILFRIED, COTTENS, SYLVAIN, EHRHARDT, CLAUS, HOMMEL, ULRICH, KALLEN, JOERG, MEINGASSNER, JOSEF, GOTTFRIED, NOVARTIS-ERFINDUNGEN, NUNINGER, FRANCOIS, WEITZ-SCHMIDT, GABRIELE
Application year: 2000
Main classification: C07C235
IPC codes: A61K31, A61K45, A61P1, A61P3, A61P5, A61P9, A61P11, A61P13, A61P17, A61P21, A61P25, A61P27, A61P29, A61P31, A61P37, A61P43, C07C235, C07C237, C07C271, C07D211, C07D265, C07D401