VARIABLE-EFFECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

Abstract: A variable-effect lighting system includes a lamp assembly (11), and a programmable lamp controller (12). The lamp assembly comprises a string of bicoloured lamps, each bicoloured lamp including a first illuminating element for producing a first color of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light. The programmable lamp controller is coupled to the lamp assembly for setting the conduction angle of the illuminating elements according to at least one predetermined pattern stored in a memory (21) of the lamp controller. Preferably, the controller includes a user-operable input to allow the user to select the predetermined pattern and hence the colour display as desired.

Description: VARIABLE-EFFECT LIGHTING SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to variable-effect lighting systems . In particular, the present invention relates to a lighting system having coloured lamps for producing a myriad of colour displays. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Variable-effect lighting systems are commonly used for advertising, decoration, and ornamental or festive displays. Such lighting systems frequently include a set of coloured lamps packaged in a common fixture, and a control system which controls the output intensity of each lamp in order to control the colour of light emanating from the fixture. For instance, Kunins (US Patent 2,515,236) teaches a coloured light source comprising a fixture having a red lamp, a green lamp, and blue lamp, with each lamp being connected to separate output terminal of an autotransformer. The autotransformer is connected to an AC voltage source, and the core of the autotransformer is rotated by a motor so as to vary the voltage applied to each lamp and thereby control the. colour of light emanating from the fixture. Although the light source taught by Kunins may be suitable for producing light of varying colour, the use of a motor and autotransformer is bulky and is not suitable for producing intricate colour displays. More recently, multi-coloured light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used with electronic switches to improve the versatility of the lighting system. For instance, Kazar (US Patent 5,008,595) teaches a light display comprising strings of bicoloured LED packages connected in parallel across a common DC voltage source. Each bicoloured LED package comprises a pair of red and green LEDs, connected back-to-back (ie. antiparallel), with the bicoloured LED packages in each string being connected in parallel to the voltage source through an H-bridge circuit. A control circuit, connected to the H-bridge circuits, allows the red and green LEDS to conduct each alternate half cycle, with the conduction angle each half cycle being determined according to a modulating input source coupled to the control circuit. As a result, the bicolour LEDS can be forced to illuminate continuously, or to flash. Further, the colour of light produced by each bicolour LED can be continuously varied between two extremes. Although the light display taught by Kazar offers an improvement over prior variable- effect lighting systems, the control system and the H-bridge circuitry increases the complexity of the lighting system. Further, the rate of change of coloured light produced is restricted by the modulating input source. Therefore, the range of colour displays which can be produced by the light display is limited. Phares (US Patent 5,420,482) teaches a controlled lighting system which allows a greater range of colour displays to be realized. The lighting system comprises a control system which transmits illumination data to a number of lighting modules. Each lighting module includes at least two lamps and a control unit connected to the lamps and responsive to the illumination data to individually vary the amount of light emitted from each lamp. However, the illumination data only controls the brightness of each lamp at any given instant. Therefore, the lighting system is not particularly well suited to easily producing intricate colour displays. Murad (US Patent 4,317.071) teaches a computerized illumination system for producing a continuous variation in output colour. The illumination system comprises a number of different coloured lamps, a low frequency clock, and a control circuit connected to the low frequency clock and to each coloured lamp for varying the intensity of light produced by each lamp. However, the rate of change of lamp intensity is dictated by the frequency of the low frequency clock, and the range of colour displays is limited. - Accordingly, there remains a need for a relatively simple variable-effect lighting system which allows for greater variation in the range of colour displays which can be realized. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a variable-effect lighting system which addresses the deficiencies of the prior art lighting systems. The variable-effect lighting system, according to the invention, comprises a lamp assembly, and a programmable lamp controller. The lamp assembly includes a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light. The programmable lamp controller is coupled to the lamp assembly for setting the conduction angle of the illuminating elements according to at least one predetermined pattern stored in a memory of the lamp controller. Preferably, the controller includes a user- operable input to allow the user to select the predetermined pattern and hence the colour display as desired. Alternately, the controller includes a temperature sensor for selecting the predetermined pattern according to ambient temperature, or a clock circuit for selecting the predetermined pattern according to the time. In one embodiment of the invention, the programable lamp controller comprises a microcontroller for setting the conduction angle according to a plurality of user-selectable predetermined patterns. The lamp assembly comprises a string of series-connected bicoloured light-emitting diodes connected in series between an AC power source and an electronic switch. The electronic switch is coupled to an output of the microcontroller and sets the conduction angle of the illuminating elements of each bicoloured light-emitting diode according to the predetermined pattern selected. In another embodiment of the invention, the lamp assembly comprises at least one bicoloured light-emitting diode coupled to a DC power source. The first illuminating element of the bicoloured light-emitting diode is coupled to the DC power source through a first electronic switch, and the second illuminating element of the bicoloured light-emitting diode is coupled to the DC power source through a second electronic switch. The electronic switches are each coupled to a respective output of the programmable controller for setting the conduction angles of the illuminating elements. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the lamp assembly comprises at least one bicoloured light-emitting diode, with each illuminating element of the bicoloured light-emitting diode being driven directly by a respective output of the programmable controller. Applications of the invention include Christmas tree light strings, temperature-sensitive lights, night lights, jewelry, key chains and decorative lighting displays. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings, in which: Fig. la is a schematic circuit diagram of a variable-effect lighting system according to a first embodiment of the invention, showing a programmable controller, and a lamp assembly comprising a string of series-coupled bicoloured lamps; Fig. lb is a schematic circuit diagram of one variation of the lamp assembly shown in Fig. la; Fig. lc is a schematic circuit diagram of a second variation of the lamp assembly shown in Fig. la; Fig. Id is a schematic circuit diagram of a third variation of the lamp assembly shown in Fig. la; Fig. 2a is a schematic circuit diagram of a variable-effect lighting system according to a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the lamp assembly comprises a string of parallel- coupled bicoloured lamps; Fig. 2b is a schematic circuit diagram of one variation of the lamp assembly shown in Fig. 2a; Fig. 2c is a schematic circuit diagram of one variation of the variable-effect lighting system shown in Fig. 2a; Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a variable-effect lighting system according to a tl ird embodiment of the invention, wherein the programmable controller directly drives each bicoloured lamp; Fig. 4 is a night light according to one implementation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 5a is a j ewelry piece according to one implementation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5b is a key chain according to another implementation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Turning to Fig. la, a variable-effect lighting system according to a first embodiment of the invention, denoted generally as 10, is shown comprising a lamp assembly 11, and a programmable lamp controller 12 coupled to the lamp assembly 11 for setting the colour of light produced by the lamp assembly 11. Preferably, the lamp assembly 11 comprises string of multi- coloured lamps 14 interconnected with flexible wire conductor to allow the ornamental lighting system 10 to be used as decorative Christmas tree lights. However, the multi-coloured lamps 14 may also be interconnected with substantially rigid wire conductor or affixed to a substantially rigid backing for applications requiring the lamp assembly 11 to have a measure of rigidity. The multi-coloured lamps 14 are connected in series with each other and with an AC voltage source 16, and a current-limiting resistor 18. Typically the AC voltage source 16 comprises the 60 Hz 120 VAC source commonly available. However, other sources of AC voltage may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. As will be appreciated, the series arrangement of the lamps 14 eliminates the need for a step-down transformer between the AC voltage source 16 and the lamp assembly 11. The current-limiting resistor 18 limits the magnitude of current flowing through the lamps 14. However, the current-limiting resistor 18 may be eliminated if a sufficient number of lamps 14 are used, or if the magnitude of the voltage produced by the AC voltage source 16 is selected so that the lamps 14 will not be exposed to excessive current flow. For longevity, each lamp 14 comprises a bicoloured LED having a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light which is different from the first colour, and with the leads of each lamp 14 disposed such that when current flows through the lamp 14 in one direction the first colour of light is produced, and when current flows through the lamp 14 in the opposite direction the second colour of light is produced. As shown in Fig. la, preferably each bicoloured LED comprises a pair of differently-coloured LEDs 14a, 14b connected back-to-back (ie. anti- parallel), with the first illuminating element comprising the LED 14a and the second illuminating element comprising the LED 14b. In a preferred implementation of the invention, the first illuminating element produces red light, and the second illuminating element produces green light. However, other LED colours may be used if desired. In addition, both LEDs 14a, 14b of some of the lamps 14 may be of the same colour if it is desired that some of the lamps 14 vary the intensity of their respective colour outputs only. Further, each lamp 14 may be fitted with a translucent ornamental bulb shaped as a star, or a flower or may have any other aesthetically pleasing shape for added versatility. The programmable controller 12 comprises a microcontroller 20, a bidirectional semiconductor switch 22 controlled by an output Z of the microcontroller 20, and a user-operable switch 24 coupled to an input S of the microcontroller 20 for selecting the colour display desired. In addition, an input X of the microcontroller 20 is coupled to the AC voltage source 16 through a current-limiting resistor 26 for synchronization purposes, as will be described below. The bidirectional switch 22 is positioned in series with the lamps 14, between the current limiting resistor 18 and ground. In Fig. 1 , the bidirectional switch 22 is shown comprising a triac switch. However, other bidirectional switches, such as IGBTs or back-to-back SCRs, may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The programmable controller 12 is powered by a 5-volt DC regulated power supply 28 connected to the AC voltage source 16 which ensures that the microcontroller 20 receives a steady voltage supply for proper operation. However, for added safety, the programmable controller 12 also includes a brownout detector 30 connected to an input Y of the microcontroller 20 for placing the microcontroller 20 in a stable operational mode should the supply voltage to the microcontroller 20 drop below acceptable limits. The microcontroller 20 includes a non- volatile memory which is programmed or "burned- in" with preferably several conduction angle patterns for setting the conduction angle of the bidirectional switch 22 in accordance with the pattern selected. In this manner, the conduction angles of the LEDs 14a, 14b (and hence the colour display generated by the bicoloured lamps 14) can be selected. Preferred colour displays include, but are not limited to: 1. continuous slow colour change between red, amber and green 2 continuous rapid colour change between red, amber and green 3 continuous alternate flashing of red and green 4 continuous random flashing of red and green 5 continuous illumination of red only 6 continuous change in intensity of red 7 continuous flashing of red only 8 continuous illumination of green only 9 continuous change in intensity of green 10. continuous flashing of green only 11. continuous illumination of red and green to produce amber 12. combination of any of the preceding colour displays However, as will be appreciated, the microcontroller 20 need only be programmed with a single conduction angle pattern to function. Further, the microcontroller 20 can also be programmed in situ with a user interface (not shown) for increased flexibility. As will be apparent, if the microcontroller 20 is programmed with only a single conduction angle pattern, the user-operable switch 24 may be eliminated from the programmable controller 12. Further, the user-operable switch 24 may be eliminated even when the microcontroller 20 is programmed with a number of conduction angle patterns, with the microcontroller 20 automatically switching between the various conduction angle patterns. Alternately, the user-operable switch 24 may be replaced with a clock circuit which signals the microcontroller 20 to switch conduction angle patterns according to the time. The operation of the variable-effect lighting system 10 will now be described. Prior to power-up of the lighting system 10, the microcontroller 20 is programmed with at least one conduction angle pattern. Alternately, the microcontroller 20 is programmed after power-up using the above-described user interface. Once power is applied through the AC voltage source 16, the 5-volt DC regulated power supply 28 provides power to the microcontroller 20 and the brown-out detector 30. After the brown-out detector 30 signals the microcontroller 20 at input Y that the voltage supplied by the power supply 28 has reached the threshold sufficient for proper operation of the microcontroller 20, the microcontroller 20 begins executing instructions for implementing a default conduction angle pattern. However, if a change of state is detected at the input S by reason of the user activating the user-operable switch 24, the microcontroller 20 will begin executing instructions for implementing the next conduction angle pattern. For instance, if the microcontroller 20 is executing instructions for implementing the third conduction angle pattern identified above, actuation of the user-operable switch 24 will force the microcontroller 20 to being executing instructions for implementing the fourth conduction angle pattern. For ease of explanation, it is convenient to assume that the LED 14a is a red LED, and the LED 14b is a green LED. It is also convenient to assume that the first conduction angle pattern, identified above, is selected. The operation of the lighting system 10 for the remaining conduction angle patterns will be readily understood from the following description by those skilled in the art. After the conduction angle pattern is selected, either by default or by reason of activation of the user-operable switch 24, the microcontroller 20 will begin monitoring the AC signal received at the input X to the microcontroller 20. Once a positive-going zero-crossing of the AC voltage source 16 is detected, the microcontroller 20 delays a predetermined period. After the predetermined period has elapsed, the microcontroller 20 issues a pulse to the bidirectional switch 22, causing the bidirectional switch 22 to conduct current in the direction denoted by the arrow 32. As a result, the red LED 14a illuminates until the next zero-crossing of the AC voltage source 16. In addition, while the LED 14a is conducting current, the predetermined period for the LED 14a is increased in preparation for the next positive-going zero-crossing of the AC voltage source 16. After the negative-going zero-crossing of the AC signal source 16 is detected at the input X, the microcontroller 20 again delays a predetermined period. After the predetermined period has elapsed, the microcontroller 20 issues a pulse to the bidirectional switch 22, causing the bidirectional switch 22 to conduct current in the direction denoted by the arrow 34. As a result, the green LED 14b illuminates until the next zero-crossing of the AC voltage source 16. In addition, while the LED 14b is conducting current, the predetermined period for the LED 14b is decreased in preparation for the next negative-going zero-crossing of the AC voltage source 16. With the above conduction angle sequence, it will be apparent that the period of time each cycle during which the red LED 14a illuminates will continually decrease, while the period of time each cycle during which the green LED 14b illuminates will continually increase. Therefore, the colour of light emanating from the bicoloured lamps 14 will gradually change from red, to amber, to green, with the colour of light emanating from the lamps 14 when both the LEDs 14a, 14b are conducting being determined by the instantaneous ratio of the magnitude of the conduction angle of the LED 14a to the magnitude of the conduction angle of the LED 14b. When the conduction angle of the green LED 14b reaches 180°, the conduction angle pattern is reversed so that the colour of light emanating from the bicoloured lamps 14 changes from green, to amber and back to red. As will be appreciated, the maximum conduction angles for each conducting element of the lamps 14 can be set less than 180° if desired. In a preferred implementation of the invention, the microcontroller 20 comprises a Microchip PIC12C508 microcontroller. The zero-crossings of the AC voltage source 16 are detected at pin 3, the state of the user-operable switch 24 is detected at pin 7, and the bidirectional switch 22 is controlled by pin 6. The brown-out detector 30 is coupled to pin 4. The assembly code listing for generating conduction angle patterns 1 ,2 and 3 with the Microchip PIC12C508 microcontroller is shown in Table A. TABLE A ; Constants AC N EQU 4; GP4 (pin 3) is AC input pin X TRIGGER_OUT EQU 1; GP1 (pin 6) is Triac Trigger pin Z BUTTON EQU 0; GP0 (pin 7) is Button 24 input pin S and is active low delay_dim EQU 0x007 dim_val EQU 0x008 trigger_delay EQU 0x009 DELAY1 EQU OxOOA DELAY2 EQU OxOOB DELAY3 EQU OxOOC RED_ΓNTENSITY EQU OXOOD SUBTRACT JREG EQU OXOOE DELAY5 EQU OxOOF FL ASH_COUNT EQU 0x010 FLASH_COUNT_SHAD EQU 0x011 FADE_DELAY EQU 0x012 org 0; RESET vector location movwf OSCCAL; move data from W register to OSCCAL goto START DELAY; subroutine to delay 83 usec * register W movwf dim_val; LOOP1 movlw .27 movwf delay_dim LOOP2; delay 83 usec decfsz delay_dim, 1 goto LOOP2 decfsz dim_val,l goto LOOP1 return TRIGGER; subroutine to send trigger pulse to triac bsf GPIO,TRIGGER OUT movlw b'OOOlOOOl' TRIS GPIO; send trigger to triac movlw .30 movwf trigger_delay LOOP3 decfsz trigger_delay,l goto LOOP3; delay 30 usec movlw b'000100 I T TRIS GPIO; remove trigger from triac return DELAY_SEC movlw .4 movwf DELA Y3 ; set DELA Y3 SEC2 movlw .250 movwf DELAY2; set DELAY2 QUART_SEC2 movlw .250 movwf DELAYl; set DELAYl MSEC2 clrwdt; clear Watchdog timer decfsz DELAYl , 1 ; wait DELAYl goto MSEC2 decfsz DELAY2, 1 ; wait DELAY2 * DELAYl goto QUART_SEC2 decfsz DELAY3,1 ; wait DELAY3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl goto SEC2 return FADE SUB; subroutine to vary conduction angle for triac each half cycle UP LOOP; increase delay before triac starts to conduct each negative half cycle while decreasing delay each positive half cycle btfss GPIO,AC_IN goto UP LOOP; wait for positive swing on AC input WAIT_NEG1 call WAIT_NEG_EDGE1; increase delay before turning triac on each negative half cycle NO_CHANGE movlw .90; register W = maximum delay value before triac turns on subwf RED_LNTENSITY,0 btfsc STATUS,Z goto WAIT_NEG2; if RED_LNTENSITY is equal to maximum delay value, start increasing delay value movf RED_INTENSITY,0 btfss GPIO,BUTTON return; return if Button depressed call DELAY; delay RED_LNTENSITY * 83 usec call TRIGGER; send trigger pulse to triac MADSFJLOOP2 btfsc GPIO,AC_IN goto MALN_LOOP2; wait for negative swing on AC input WAITJPOS_EDGEl btfss GPIO,AC_IN goto WAIT_POS_EDGEl ; wait for positive swing on AC input movlw .96 movwf SUBTRACTJREG; SUBTRACT_REG = maximum delay value + minimum delay value before triac turns on movf RED_LNTENSITY,0 subwf SUBTRACT_REG,0 call DELAY; delay (SUBTRACT_REG - RED NTENSITY) * 83 usec call TRIGGER; send trigger pulse to triac goto UP_LOOP DOWN_LOOP btfss GPIO,AC_IN goto DOWN LOOP; wait for positive swing on AC input WAIT_NEG2 call WAIT_NEG_EDGE2; decrease delay before triac turns on each negative half cycle NO_ CHANGE2 movlw .6 subwf RED_rNTENSITY,0; register W = RED_LNTENSITY - minimum delay value btfsc STATUS,Z goto WAITJNEG 1 ; if RED_LNTENSITY is equal to minimum delay value, start increasing delay movf RED_LNTENSITY,0 btfss GPIO,BUTTON return; return if Button depressed call DELAY; delay RED NTENSiTY * 83 usec call TRIGGER; send trigger pulse to triac MAIN_LOOP3 btfsc GPIO,AC_IN goto MAIN_LOOP3; wait for negative swing on AC input WAIT_POS_EDGE2 btfss GPIO,AC N goto WAIT_POS_EDGE2; wait for positive swing on AC input movlw .96 movwf SUBTRACT JREG; SUBTRACT JREG - maximum delay value before triac turns on movf RED_LNTENSITY,0 subwf SUBTRACT_REG,0 call DELAY; delay (SUBTRACT_REG - RED_LNTENSITY) * 83 usec call TRIGGER; send trigger pulse to triac goto DOWNJ OOP return WAIT_NEG_EDGE1 ; routine to increase delay before triac turns on each negative half cycle btfsc GPIO,AC_IN; wait for negative swing on AC input goto WAIT_NEG_EDGE1 decfsz DEL A Y5,l; DELAY5 = fade delay, ie number of cycles at present delay value; decrement and return if not zero return incf RED_INTENSITY, 1 ; otherwise, increment delay and return movf FADE_DELAY,0 movwf DEL AY5 return WAIT_NEG_EDGE2; routine to decrease delay before triac turns on each negative half cycle btfsc GPIO, AC_IN; wait for negative swing on AC input goto WAIT_NEG_EDGE2 decfsz DELAY5,1 ; DELAY5 = number of cycles at present delay value; decrement and return if not zero return decfRED_INTENSITY,l; otherwise, decrement delay and return movfFADE_DELAY,0 movwf DELAY5 ; DELAY5 = F ADE JDELAY return FLASH_SUB; subroutine to flash lights at speed dictated by value assigned to FLASH „ COUNT_SHAD movf FLASH_COUNT_SHAD,0 movwf FLASH_COUNT; FLASH COUNT = duration of flash MALN_LOOP4 btfsc GPIO,AC_IN ; wait for negative swing on AC input goto MAIN_LOOP4 WAIT_POS_EDGE4 btfss GPIO,AC_IN goto WAIT_POS_EDGE4; wait for positive swing on AC input movlw .6 call DELAY call TRIGGER; send trigger pulse to triac btfss GPIO,BUTTON return ; return if Button pressed decfsz FLASH_COUNT goto MAIN_LOOP4; decrement FLASH_COUNT and repeat until zero movf FLASH_COUNT_SHAD,0 movwf FLASH_COUNT; reset FLASH COUNT DOWN_LOOP4 btfss GPIO,AC_LN ; wait for positive swing on AC input goto DOWNJLOOP4 WAIT_NEG_EDGE4 btfsc GPIO,AC_LN goto WAIT_NEG_EDGE4; wait for negative swing on AC input movlw .6 call DELAY call TRIGGER send trigger pulse to triac btfss GPIO,BUTTON return ; return if Button pressed decfsz FLASH_COUNT goto DOWN_LOOP4; decrement FLASH_COUNT and repeat until zero return START movlw b'00010011' TRIS GPIO; set pins GP4 (AC input), GPl (Triac output to high impedance), GPO (Button as input) movlw b' 10010111'; enable pullups on GPO, GPl, GP3 OPTION movlw .4 movwf RED NTENSITY; load RED_INTENSITY register movlw .5 movwf DEL A Y5; set initial fade FADE_SLOW call DELAY_SEC; wait DELAY3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl movlw .5 movwf FADE_DELA Y; set slow FADE_DELA Y call FADE_SUB ; slowly fade colours until Button is pressed goto FADE_FAST FADE_FAST call DELAY_SEC; wait DELAΫ3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl movlw .1 movwf F ADE_DEL AY; set fast F ADE_DELAY call FADE_SUB; rapidly fade colours until Button is pressed goto FLASH2_SEC FLASH2_SEC ; flash red/green 2 sec interval call DELAY_SEC; wait DELAY3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl movlw .120 movwf FLASH_COUNT_SHAD FLASH2B_SEC btfss GPIO,BUTTON goto FLASH1_SEC; slowly flash lights until Button is pressed call FLASH_SUB goto FLASH2B_SEC FLASH1 SEC ; flash red/green 1 sec. interval call DELAY SEC; wait DELAY3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl movlw .60 movwf FLASH_COUNT_SHAD FLASH1B_SEC btfss GPIO,BUTTON goto FLASH_FAST; flash lights at moderate speed until Button is pressed call FLASH_SUB goto FLASH1B_SEC FLASH_FAST ; flash red/green 0.25 sec. interval call DELAY_SEC; wait DELAY3 * DELAY2 * DELAYl movlw .15 movwf FL ASH_COUNT_SHAD FLASH_FASTB btfss GPIO,BUTTON goto FADE_SLOW; rapidly flash lights until Button is pressed call FLASH_SUB; slowly fade colours if Button is pressed goto FLASH_FASTB end Numerous variations of the lighting system 10 are possible. In one variation (not shown), the user-operable switch 24 is replaced with a temperature sensor coupled to the input S of the microcontroller 20 for varying the conduction angle pattern according to the ambient temperature. Alternately, the programmable lamp controller 12 includes a plurality of temperature sensors, each being sensitive to a different temperature range, and being coupled to a respective input of the microcontroller 20. With these variations, one colour display is produced when the ambient temperature falls within one range and another colour display is produced when the ambient temperature falls within a different range. In another variation (not shown), each lamp 14 comprises a pair of LEDs with one of the LEDs being capable of emitting white light and with the other of the LEDs being capable of producing a colour of light other than white. In still another variation, each lamp comprises a LED capable of producing three or more different colours of light, while in the variation shown in Fig. lb, each lamp 14' of the lamp assembly 11 ' comprises three or more differently-coloured LEDs. In these latter two variations, the LEDs are connected such that when current flows in one direction one colour of light is produced, and when current flows in the opposite direction another colour of light is produced. In yet another variation, shown in Fig. lc, the lighting system 10" comprises a programmable lamp controller 12" which is similar to the programmable lamp controller 12, but includes two bidirectional switches 22a, 22b each connected to a respective output Z 1 , Z2 of the microcontroller 20. The lamp assembly 11" comprises first and second strings 11 a, 11 b of series- connected back-to-back-coupled (ie. anti-parallel) LEDs 14a, 14b, with each string 11a, l ib being connected to the AC voltage source 16 and to a respective one of the bidirectional switches 22a, 22b. In this variation, each multi-coloured lamp 14 comprises one pair of the back-to-back- coupled (ie. anti-parallel) LEDs 14a, 14b of the first string 1 la and one pair of the back-to-back- coupled LEDs 14a, 14b of the second string 1 lb, with the LEDs of each lamp 14 being inserted in a respective translucent ornamental bulb. As a result, the colour of light emanating from each bulb depends on the instantaneous ratio of the conduction angles of the LEDs 14a, 14b in both strings 11 a, 11 b. Preferably, the outputs Z 1 , Z2 are independently operable to increase the range of colour displays. In a further variation, the programmable lamp controller is similar to the programmable lamp controller 12" shown in Fig. lc, in that it comprises two bidirectional switches 22a, 22b each connected to a respective independently-operable output Zl, Z2 of the microcontroller 20. However, unlike the lighting system 10" shown in Fig. lc, the lamp assembly 11 comprises first and second strings 11a, l ib of series-connected singly-coloured lamps 14. As above, each singly-coloured lamp 14 of the first string 1 la is associated with a singly-coloured lamp 14 of the second string 1 lb, with each associated lamp pair being inserted in a respective translucent ornamental bulb. In yet another variation, shown in Fig. Id, the lighting system 10'" comprises a RC power-up circuit 30' for placing the microcontroller 20 in a known state at power up, and an EEPROM 21 comiected to the microcontroller 20 for retaining a data element identifying the selected conduction angle pattern so that the lighting system 110'" implements the previously selected conduction angle pattern after power up. As will be apparent, the EEPROM 21 may be implemented instead as part of the microcontroller 21. The bidirectional semiconductor switch 22'" of the programmable lamp controller 12'" of the lighting system 10'" comprises a thyristor 22c connected to the output Z of the microcontroller 20, and a diode H-bridge 22d connected between the anode of the thyristor 22c and the lamp assembly 11. The diode H-bridge 22d comprises two legs of two series-connected diodes, and a 1 Meg-ohm resistor connected between one of the diode legs and signal ground for providing the microcontroller 21 with a fixed voltage reference for proper operation of the diode bridge 22d. The bidirectional semiconductor switch 22'" functions in manner similar to the semiconductor switch 22, but is advantageous since the cost of a thyristor is generally less than that of a triac. Turning to Fig. 2a, a variable-effect lighting system according to a second embodiment of the invention, denoted generally as 110, is shown comprising a lamp assembly 111, and a programmable lamp controller 112 coupled to the lamp assembly 111 for setting the colour of light produced by the lamp assembly 111. The lamp assembly 111 comprises a string of multi-coloured lamps 114 connected in parallel with each other. The multi-coloured lamps 114 are also connected in parallel with an AC/DC converter 116 which is coupled to an AC voltage source. Each lamp 114 comprises a bicoloured LED having a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light which is different from the first colour, with the leads of each lamp 114 configured such that when current flows through one lead the first colour of light is produced, and when current flows through the another lead the second colour of light is produced. As shown in Fig. 2a, preferably each bicoloured LED comprises first and second differently-coloured LEDs 114a, 114b in series with a respective current-limiting resistor 118, with the common cathode of the LEDs 114 being connected to ground, and with the first illuminating element comprising the first LED 114a and the second illuminating element comprising the second LED 114b. The AC/DC converter 116 produces a DC output voltage of a magnitude which is sufficient to power the lamps 114, but which will not damage the lamps 114. Typically, the AC/DC converter 116 receives 120 volts AC at its input and produces an output voltage of about 5 volts DC. The programmable controller 112 is also powered by the output of the AC/DC converter 116 and comprises a microcontroller 20, a first semiconductor switch 122 controlled by an output Zl of the microcontroller 20, a second semiconductor switch 123 controlled by an output Z2 of the microcontroller 20, and a user-operable switch 24 coupled to an input S of the microcontroller 20 for selecting the colour display desired. As discussed above, the user- operable switch 24 may be eliminated if desired. In Fig. 2a, the semiconductor switches 122, 123 are shown comprising MOSFET switches. However, other semiconductor switches may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The first semiconductor switch 122 is connected between the output of the AC/DC converter 116 and the anode of the first LED 114a (through the first current-limiting resistor 118), while the second semiconductor switch 123 is connected between the output of the AC/DC converter 116 and the anode of the second LED 114b (through the second current-limiting resistor 118). However, the anodes of the LEDs 114a, 114b may be coupled instead to the output of the AC/DC converter, with the first and second semiconductor switches 122, 123 being connected between the respective cathodes and ground. Other variations on the placement of the semiconductor switches 122, 123 will be apparent to those skilled in the art. As with the previously described embodiment, the microcontroller 20 includes a non- volatile memory which is programmed with preferably several conduction angle sequences for setting the firing angle of the semiconductor switches 122, 123 in accordance with the sequence selected. In this manner, the conduction angles of the LEDs 114a, 114b, and hence the ultimate colour display generated by the lamps 114 can be selected. The operation of the variable-effect lighting system 110 is similar to the operation of the variable-effect lighting system 10. After power is applied to the AC/DC converter 116, the microcontroller 20 begins executing instructions for implementing one of the conduction angle sequences. Again, assuming that the first conduction angle sequence, identified above, is selected, the microcontroller 20 issues a signal to the first semiconductor switch 122, causing the first LED 114a to illuminate. After a predetermined period has elapsed, the signal to the first semiconductor switch 122 is removed, causing the first LED 114a to extinguish. While the LED 114a is conducting current, the predetermined period for the first LED 114a is decreased in preparation for the next cycle. The microcontroller 20 then issues a signal to the second semiconductor switch 123, causing the second LED 114b to illuminate. After a predetermined period has elapsed, the signal to the second semiconductor switch 123 is removed, causing the second LED 114b to extinguish. , While the second LED 114b is conducting current, the predetermined period for the second LED 114b is increased in preparation for the next cycle. With the above conduction angle sequence, it will be apparent that the period of time each cycle during which the first LED 114a illuminates will continually decrease, while the period of time each cycle during which the second LED 114b illuminates will continually increase. Therefore, the colour of light emanating from the lamps 114 will gradually change from the colour of the first LED 114a to the colour of the second LED 114b, with the colour of light emanating from the lamps 114 when both the LEDs 114a, 114b are conducting being determined by the instantaneous ratio of the magnitude of the conduction period of the first LED 114a to the magnitude of the conduction period of the second LED 114b. Numerous variations of the lighting system 110 are also possible. In one variation, each lamp 114 comprises apair of LEDs with one of the LEDs being capable of emitting white light and with the other of the LEDs being capable of producing a colour of light other than white. In another variation, each lamp 114 comprises a LED capable of producing three or more different colours of light, while in the variation shown in Fig. 2b, each lamp 114' of the lamp assembly 111' comprises three or more differently-coloured LEDs. In these latter two variations, the LEDs are connected such that when current flows through one of the semiconductor s itches one colour of light is produced, and when current flows through the other of the semiconductor switches another colour of light is produced. In yet another variation, shown in Fig. 2c, the programmable controller 112" of the lighting system 110" includes a first pair of electronic switches 122a, 122b driven by the output Zl of the microcontroller 20, and a second pair of electronic switches 123a, 123b driven by the output Zl of the microcontroller 20. Each pair of first and second LEDs of each lamp 114" of the lamp assembly 111" are connected back-to-back (ie. anti-parallel), such that the lamps 114 and the semiconductor switches 122, 123 are configured together as an H-bridge. As discussed above, preferably the first and second LEDs of each lamp 114" produce different colours, although the invention is not intended to be so limited. Turning to Fig. 3, a variable-effect lighting system according to a third embodiment of the invention, denoted generally as 210, is shown comprising a multi-coloured lamp 214, and a programmable lamp controller 212 coupled to the multi-coloured lamp 214 for setting the colour of light produced by the lamp 214. The multi-coloured lamp 114 comprises a bicoloured LED having a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light which is different from the first colour. As shown in Fig. 3, preferably the first illuminating element comprises a red-coloured LED 214a, and the second illuminating element comprises a green-coloured LED 214b, with the common cathode of the LEDs 214a, 214b being connected to ground. As discussed above, multi-coloured LEDs and/or arrangements of differently-coloured discrete LEDs and/or translucent ornamental bulbs may be used if desired. The programmable controller 212 is powered by a 9-volt battery 216, and comprises a microcontroller 20, and a user-operable switch 24 coupled to an input S of the microcontroller 20 for selecting the colour display desired. Alternately, for applications where space is at a premium, the programmable controller 212 may be powered by a smaller battery producing a smaller voltage. If necessary, the smaller battery may be coupled to the programmable controller 212 through a voltage amplifier, such as a DC-to-DC converter. As discussed above, the user- operable switch 24 may also be eliminated if desired. An output Zl of the microcontroller 20 is connected to the anode of the red LED 214a, and an output Z2 of the microcontroller 20 is connected to the anode of the green LED 214b. Since the lamp 214 is driven directly by the microcontroller 20, the variable-colour ornamental lighting system 210 is limited to applications requiring only a small number of lamps 214. The operation of the variable-effect lighting system 210 will be readily apparent from the foregoing discussion and, therefore, need not be described. Turning now to Fig. 4, a night light 310 is shown comprising the variable-effect lighting system 110, described above, but including only a single multi-coloured lamp 114, a housing 340 enclosing the programmable controller 112 and the AC/DC converter 116, and a translucent bulb 342 covering the lamp 114 and fastened to the housing 340. Preferably, the housing 340 also includes an ambient light sensor 344 connected to the microcontroller 20 for inhibiting conduction of the lamp 114 when the intensity of ambient light exceeds a threshold. In Fig. 5a, a jewelry piece 410, shaped as a ring, is shown comprising the variable-effect lighting system 210, described above, and a housing 440 retaining the lamp 214, the programmable controller 212, and the battery 216 therein. A portion 442 of the housing 440 is translucent to allow light to be emitted from the lamp 214. In Fig. 5b, a key chain 510, is shown comprising the variable-colour ornamental lighting system 210, and a housing 540 retaining the lamp 214, the programmable controller 212, and the battery 216 therein. A portion 542 of the housing 540 is translucent to allow light to be emitted from the lamp 214. A key clasp 544 is coupled to the housing 540 to retain keys. Both the j ewelry piece 410 and the key chain 510 may optionally include a user-operable input for selecting the conduction angle pattern. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is intended to be illustrative of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill will be able to envision certain additions, deletions and/or modifications to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims: I CLAIM: 1. A variable-effect lighting system comprising: a lamp assembly comprising a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light; and a programmable lamp controller coupled to the lamp assembly for setting a conduction angle of each said illuminating element according to at least one predetermined pattern, each said predetermined pattern being stored in a memory of the controller. 2. The lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pattern is selectable according to a user-operable input to the controller. 3. The lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the lamp controller includes a temperature sensor for selecting the at least one pattern. 4. The lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the lamp controller includes a clock circuit for selecting the at least one pattern. 5. The lighting system according to claim 1 , wherein the lamp assembly comprises a plurality of series-connected multi-coloured lamps, the multi-coloured lamps being in series with an AC power source and an electronic switch. 6. The lighting system according to claim 5, wherein the electronic switch comprises a thyristor, and diode H-bridge coupled to the thyristor. 7. The lighting system according to claim 5 , wherein each said multi-coloured lamp comprises a pair of light-emitting diodes connected antiparallel, a first light-emitting diode of the light- emitting diode pair comprising the first illuminating element and a second light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the second illuminating element. 8. The lighting system according to claim 5, wherein the multi-coloured lamps are connected in series with the AC power source, the electronic switch being coupled to an output of the programmable controller for setting the conduction angle of the multi-coloured lamps. 9. The lighting system according to claim 7, wherein the first and second light-emitting diodes are connected in series with the AC power source, the electronic switch being coupled to an output of the programmable controller for setting the conduction angle of the first and second light- emitting diodes. 10. The lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the first colour is different from the second colour. 11. The lighting system according to claim 1 , wherein the lamp assembly comprises at least one multi-coloured lamp coupled in parallel to a DC power source. 12. The lighting system according to claim 11, wherein each said multi-coloured lamp comprises a pair of commonly-coupled light-emitting diodes, a first light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the first illuminating element and a second light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the second illuminating element. 13. The lighting system according to claim 11 , wherein the first illuminating element of each said multi-coloured lamp is coupled to the DC power source through a first electronic switch, and the second illuminating element of each said multircoloured lamp is coupled to the DC power source through a second electronic switch, the first and second electronic switches being coupled to the programmable controller for setting the conduction angle of the multi-coloured lamps. 14. The lighting system according to claim 12, wherein the anode of each said first light- emitting diode is coupled to the DC power source through a first electronic switch, and the anode of each said second light-emitting diode is coupled to the DC power source through a second electronic switch, the first and second switches being coupled to the programmable controller for setting the conduction angle of the first and second light-emitting diodes. 15. The lighting system according to claim 14, wherein the first and second electronic switches form an H-bridge. 16. The lighting system according to claim 11, wherein the lighting system is powered by an AC voltage source, and the DC voltage source comprises an AC/DC converter coupled to the AC voltage source. 17. The lighting system according to claim 1 , wherein each said illuminating element is coupled to a respective output of the programmable controller. 18. The lighting system according to claim 1 , wherein the lamp assembly comprises at least one multi-coloured lamp, each said multi-coloured lamp comprising apair of commonly-coupled light- emitting diodes, a first light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the first illuminating element and a second light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the second illuminating element, the first and second illuminating elements being coupled to a respective output of the programmable controller. 19. A night light comprising : a lamp assembly comprising a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light; a programmable lamp controller coupled to the lamp assembly for setting a conduction angle of each said illuminating element according to at least one predetermined pattern, each said predetermined pattern being stored in a memory of the programmable lamp controller; and an AC/DC converter for powering the lamp assembly and the controller. 20. The night light according to claim 19, wherein each said predetermined pattern is selectable according to a user-operable input to the controller. 21. The night light according to claim 19, wherein the lamp assembly comprises at least one multi-coloured lamp coupled in parallel to a DC output of the AC/DC converter, each said multicoloured lamp comprising a pair of commonly-coupled light-emitting diodes, a first light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the first illuminating element and a second light- emitting diode of the light-emitting diode pair comprising the second illuminating element. 22. The night light according to claim 19, wherein the lamp assembly comprises at least one multi-coloured lamp coupled in parallel to a DC output of the AC/DC converter, the first illuminating element of each said multi-coloured lamp being coupled to the DC output through a first electronic switch, and the second illuminating element of each said multi-coloured lamp being coupled to the DC output through a second electronic switch, the first and second electronic switches being coupled to the programmable controller for setting the conduction angle of the multi-coloured lamps. 23. The night light according to claim 19, wherein the controller includes an ambient light sensor for inhibiting conduction of the illuminating elements when an intensity of ambient light exceeds a threshold. 24. A j ewelry piece comprising : a lamp assembly comprising a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light; a programmable lamp controller coupled to the lamp assembly for setting a conduction angle of each said illuminating element according to at least one predetermined pattern, each said predetermined pattern being stored in a memory of the programmable lamp controller; a DC power source for powering the lamp assembly and the controller; and a housing retaining the lamp assembly, the controller and the power source therein. 25. The jewelry piece according to claim 24, wherein each said predetermined pattern is selectable according to a user-operable input to the controller. 26. The jewelry piece according to claim 24, wherein the lamp controller includes atemperature sensor for selecting the at least one pattern. 27. The jewelry piece according to claim 24, wherein the lamp controller includes a clock circuit for selecting the at least one pattern. 28. A key chain comprising: a lamp assembly comprising a first illuminating element for producing a first colour of light, and a second illuminating element for producing a second colour of light; aprogrammable lamp controller coupled to the lamp assembly for setting a conduction angle of each said illuminating element according to at least one predetermined pattern, each said predetermined pattern being stored in a memory of the programmable lamp controller; a DC power source for powering the lamp assembly and the controller; a housing retaining the lamp assembly, the controller and the power source therein; and retaining means coupled to the housing for retaining keys therein. 29. The key chain according to claim 28, wherein each said predetermined pattern is selectable according to a user-operable input to the controller. 30. The key chain according to claim 28, wherein the lamp controller includes a temperature sensor for selecting the at least one pattern. 31. The key chain according to claim 28, wherein the lamp controller includes a clock circuit for selecting the at least one pattern.

Inventors: RUXTON JAMES, RUXTON, JAMES
Applicants: PHAROS INNOVATIONS INC, RUXTON JAMES, PHAROS INNOVATIONS INC., RUXTON, JAMES
Application year: 2000
Main classification: H05B33
IPC codes: H05B33, H05B37