AN INTELLECTUAL ASSET PROTOCOL FOR DEFINING DATA EXCHANGE RULES AND FORMATS FOR UNIVERSAL INTELLECTUAL ASSET DOCUMENTS, AND SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS RELATED TO SAME

Abstract: An intellectual asset protocol for defining data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset data objects, and systems, methods, and computer program products related to same. The system includes an intellectual asset protocol system that acts as an engine in the definition of data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset documents. Also included is a front end system that preferably provides a graphical user interface to enable users to access the intellectual asset protocol system. In addition, an intellectual asset database is included that stores collections of intellectual asset objects (and information related to same), one or more embodiments of an intellectual asset protocol, and so forth. The intellectual asset protocol system interacts with an Intellectual Property Asset Manager (IPAM) server.

Description: An Intellectual Asset Protocol for Defining Data Exchange Rules and Formats for Universal Intellectual Asset Documents, and Systems, Methods, and Computer Program Products Related to Same Background of the Invention Field of the Invention The present invention is generally related to tools for data processing, and more particularly related to an intellectual asset protocol for defining data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset data objects, such as documents. Related Art Intellectual asset documents may include patents (U.S. and foreign), patent applications (U.S., PCT and foreign), trademarks (U.S. and foreign), trademark applications (U.S. and foreign), copyrights, trade secrets, license agreements, joint venture agreements, or any other type of data object that involves intellectual property. The efficient management of intellectual asset documents requires a structured way of exchanging data that represents one or more of these intellectual asset documents and/or the systems and processes that relate to them. These processes may include license tracking; audits and payments; patent and trademark prosecution and workflow; patent and trademark maintenance fee payment tracking and reporting; reporting and visualization of intellectual asset meta data; electronic submission of patent and trademark application; and so forth. Prior to the present invention, this structured way of exchanging data did not exist. Individuals and/or industries that deal with intellectual asset documents (or are involved in the intellectual asset domain) are comprised of many different players. For example, one player is the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, another player is the European Patent Office, another player is an enterprise resource planning manager, yet another player is a patent applicant, still another player is a patent or trademark licensor, etc. These players operate at times independent of each other, yet at other times must come together to facilitate an objective. For example, a patent applicant must work with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to prosecute his or her patent and/or trademark application. When two or more players come together to facilitate an objective, it would be advantageous for the players to operate with an electronic version of one or more intellectual asset data obj ects or documents . However, this often does not happen due to the lack of data exchange rules and formats for intellectual asset data objects. Without a standard definition of data exchange rules and formats for intellectual asset documents, the progress of the players' common objective is likely to be hindered. Cooperation among players in the intellectual asset domain is hindered because, often, the players use different formats for intellectual asset documents. With the computerization of industries today and the use of the Internet by many different players in the intellectual asset domain, the use of different formats of intellectual assets documents hinders the efficient exchange of electronic intellectual asset documents among the different players. Therefore, what is needed an intellectual asset protocol for defining data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset documents to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of exchanging electronic intellectual asset data objects. In addition, the protocol should be sufficiently flexible and full-featured to enable other types of functions, such as but not limited to, the management of intellectual asset transaction data for various business processes. The invention defines a standard for intellectual asset meta-data, and thus provides an effective and efficient way to exchange data between disparate intellectual asset software systems and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Summary of the Invention The present invention is directed to an intellectual asset protocol for defining data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset data objects, and systems, methods, and computer program products related to same. The present invention includes an intellectual asset protocol system that acts as an engine in the definition of data exchange rules and formats for universal intellectual asset documents. The present invention also includes a front end system that preferably provides a graphical user interface to the users of the present invention to access the intellectual asset protocol system. The present invention may also include an intellectual asset database that stores collections of intellectual asset documents (and information related to same), one or more embodiments of an intellectual asset protocol, and so forth. The intellectual asset protocol system interacts with an Intellectual Property Asset Manger (IPAM) server 105, as will be described below. Further features and advantages of the invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the invention, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number. Brief Description of the Figures The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a block diagram representing an operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.2 is a block diagram of functions or modules of the present invention connected by a network according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computer system preferably used to implement the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.4 is a block diagram illustrating an example CPML DTD according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example patent DTD according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating some of the types of CPML intellectual asset documents that may be transferred between clients according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGs. 7A-7C illustrate an example CPML DTD according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGS.8A-8C illustrate an example CPML intellectual asset document for a U.S. patent according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGS .9 A-9C illustrate an example CPML intellectual asset document for an EP application according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGS . 10 A- 101 illustrate the mapping between the CPML DTD and other patent related DTDs according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10J illustrates the orientation of FIGS. 10A-10I according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 depicts one example of the high level operation of the functions of intellectual asset protocol system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGs. 12 and 13 further details the steps of FIG. 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 14 illustrates the automatic update of client information according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 15 is an even trace diagram that corresponds to FIG. 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 16 illustrates how the IPAM server operates with XML documents and non-XML (e.g. EQV) documents according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGs . 17 A- 17C illustrate how the present invention supports an electronic document order and download protocol DTD according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 18 illustrates a model used for the SPML of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 19 illustrates the template based streaming mechanism of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.20 illustrates the visitation based steaming mechanism of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.21 illustrates an abstract view of how applications may use different adapters in order to work differently with the same SPML document of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 22 illustrates a concrete view of how applications may use different adapters in order to work differently with the same SPML document of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments /. Overview of The Present Invention The present invention includes an intellectual asset protocol for enabling the definition of the data and format of intellectual asset documents to facilitate the efficient exchange of electronic intellectual asset documents between disparate systems. The present invention contemplates an Intellectual Property Asset Manger (IPAM) server 105, an intellectual asset protocol system 110, a front end system 113, and an intellectual asset database 135 as shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail below. //. System Architecture A. System Architecture Overview FIG. 1 is a block diagram representing an example operating environment of the present invention. It should be understood that the example operating environment in FIG. 1 is shown for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the invention. Other implementations of the operating environment described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein, and the invention is directed to such other implementations. FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment that includes an IPAM server 105, an intellectual asset protocol system 110, a front end system 113, an intellectual asset database 135, the global Internet 120 or other communication medium, government agencies 115, one or more intellectual asset document licensors 125 and or one or more EPR systems 140. As described below with reference to FIG. 3, IPAM server 105, intellectual asset protocol system 110, front end system 113 and intellectual asset database 135 may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer systems or processing systems. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 will be described next. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 acts as an engine for the present invention in the standardization of intellectual asset documents. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 is connected to IPAM server 105 and intellectual asset database 135. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 is also connected to the Internet 120 via the front end system 113. Requests from users can be made via front end system 113 to intellectual asset protocol system 110. The various functions provided by the present invention are not dependent on the source of the data. Although the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 illustrates IPAM server 105, intellectual asset protocol system 110, front end system 113 and intellectual asset database 135 as separate functional components, several (or all) components may be combined as long as the functionality of each component still exists within the present invention as will be described below. IPAM server 105 will be described next. For convenience, IPAM server 105 will briefly be discussed herein, although the invention is not limited to this brief description. Briefly stated, IPAM server 105 deals with context data processing. IPAM server 105 may be used to define and select one or more contexts. Each context includes one or more attributes, and a plurality of data objects that satisfy the attributes. A list of data objects contained in the selected contexts may be displayed. At least some of the data objects in the selected contexts may be processed. Such processing may involve generating hierarchical and/or directed acyclic graph data structures to represent relationships among the data objects. These data structures can then be displayed in a variety of well-known techniques including but not limited to hyperbolic trees. Examples of such hierarchical or directed acyclic graph structures include claim trees, citation trees, and data object families, which may be displayed using hyperbolic trees. In an embodiment, the contexts are groups. In other embodiment, the contexts are each associated with a data object type. In this latter embodiment, the contexts include data objects of their respective data object types. IPAM server 105 also supports the generation of annotations. IPAM server 105 supports a plurality of annotation types, including document annotations, group annotations, data object type annotations, case annotations, and enterprise annotations. IPAM server 105 also supports form-based annotations. In an embodiment, IPAM server 105 has a plug-in manager coupled thereto. The system shown in FIG. 1 may also include at least one plug-in coupled to the plug-in manager, and at least one external data processing component coupled to the plug-in. In an embodiment, the external data processing component displays data using at least graphs. In another embodiment, the external data processing component displays data using at least maps. The plug-in manager has a first application programming interface (API), and each external data processing component has a second API. The plug-in translates messages from the plug-in manager to the external data processing component to a format conforming to the second API, and translates messages from the external data processing component to the plug-in manager to a format conforming to the first API. Embodiments of IPAM server 105 can process, display, and otherwise operate with patent equivalent text files (EQV). (Other embodiments of IPAM server 105 operate with other types of data.) Patent equivalent text files are described in U.S. Patent No.5,623,681 , which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. A patent equivalent text file includes equivalency information that establishes an equivalency relationship between the text in the patent equivalent text file and the image in the patent image file. For example, this equivalency information may include pagination information that enables the patent equivalent text file to be displayed having the same pagination (line breaks, column breaks, page breaks) as the patent image file. In an embodiment, a pagination module generates the patent equivalent text file by comparing the patent text in the patent text file with the patent image file to detect equivalency information. This equivalency information is then embedded in the patent equivalent text file, along with the patent text. While the pagination module is capable of performing the pagination operation automatically, in some cases some manual intervention is required. In accordance, an operator is sometimes involved with the pagination process performed by the pagination module. Front end system 113 of the present invention will be described next. Front end system 113 may operate as a Web server. A Web server provides a GUI to users who wish to access intellectual asset protocol system 110. As is well-known in the relevant art(s), a Web server is a server process running at a Web site which sends out Web pages in response to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests from remote browsers. An optional firewall (not shown) serves as the connection and separation between intellectual asset protocol system 110 and the global Internet 120. Generally speaking, a firewall— which is well-known in the relevant art(s)— is a dedicated gateway machine with special security precaution software. It is typically used, for example, to service Internet 120 connections and dial-in lines, and protects a cluster of more loosely administered machines hidden behind it from an external invasion. Intellectual asset database 135 of the present invention will be described next. Intellectual asset database 135 stores collections of data that represent the current embodiments of intellectual asset protocols, intellectual asset documents and their processes, etc., used by the present invention. Here, in an embodiment, data stored in intellectual asset database 135 may be stored as a relational database. In a relational database, data is stored in the form of related tables. A relational database management system (DBMS) is used to manipulate data in the related tables. Relational databases are powerful because they require few assumptions about how data is related or how it will be extracted from the database. As a result, the same database can be viewed in many different ways. An important feature of relational systems is that a single database can be spread across several tables. This differs from flat-file databases, in which each database is self-contained in a single table. Another embodiment of the type of database used by intellectual asset database 135 is a database design known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film, can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not generally designed for numerical analysis. Intellectual asset database 135 of present invention may also be implemented using a standard database access method such as Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC). The goal of ODBC is to make it possible to access any data from any application, regardless of which DBMS is handling the data. ODBC manages this by inserting a middle layer, called a database driver, between an application and the DBMS. The purpose of this layer is to translate the application's data queries into commands that the DBMS understands. For this to work, both the application and the DBMS must be ODBC-compliant - that is, the application must be capable of issuing ODBC commands and the DBMS must be capable of responding to them. Both the functions of the engine of IPAM server 105 and intellectual asset protocol system 110, and the data stored in intellectual asset database 135, will be discussed in further detail below. The global Internet 120 will be described next. The global Internet 120 includes a plurality of external workstations (for example, government agencies 115, intellectual asset document licensors 125 and EPR systems 140, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1) that allow users (e.g., players within the intellectual asset domain) of the Internet 120 to remotely access and use intellectual asset protocol system 110 (via front end system 113). Note that the present invention may communicate with these external workstations via communication methods other than the Internet 120 (via Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP IP)), including, but not limited to, asynchronous dial up and asynchronous lease line. Asynchronous dial up, asynchronous lease line, and TCP/IP communication are well known terms in the relevant art. Government agencies 115 and intellectual asset document licensors 125 are addressed next. Government agencies 115 include the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, patent and trademark offices in foreign countries, and government agencies that are in the intellectual asset domain. Intellectual asset document licensors 125 include business entities or individuals who license an intellectual asset document. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system 140 is described next. ERP system 140 integrates many facets of a business, including planning, manufacturing, sales and marketing. As the ERP methodology has become more popular, software applications have emerged to help business managers implement ERP. Often EPR involves intellectual asset documents and the need to transfer and receive electronic intellectual asset documents with disparate intellectual asset software systems. FIG.2 is a block diagram of the functions or modules of intellectual asset protocol system 110 preferably connected by a network according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the particular intellectual asset protocol system 110 in FIG.2 is shown for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the invention. Other implementations for performing the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein, and the invention is directed to such other implementations. As will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s), all of the functions "inside" of intellectual asset protocol system 110 are preferably connected and communicate via a communication medium such as a network 220. The topology of network 220 as shown in FIG.2 is called a bus topology. In general, the topology of a network is the geometric arrangement of functions (i.e., computers) within the system. Other common types of network topologies include star and ring topologies. Although the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 as incorporating a bus topology, the present invention can equally be applied to other topologies. The functions of intellectual asset protocol system 110 include an intellectual asset protocol function 205, an intellectual asset data and processing exchange function 210, a presentation function 215 and an administration function 220. The invention is not limited to these functions. The functions of intellectual asset protocol system 110 shown in FIG. 2 will be described in detail below in Section VIII after the description of an embodiment of the intellectual asset protocol of the present invention. B. An Example Implementation of the Present Invention The present invention (i.e., IPAM server 105, intellectual asset protocol system 110, front end system 113, intellectual asset database 135, or any part thereof) may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer systems or other processing systems. In fact, in one embodiment, the invention is directed toward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionality described herein. An example of a computer system 300 is shown in FIG. 3. The computer system 300 includes one or more processors, such as processor 303. The processor 303 is connected to a communication bus 302. Various software embodiments are described in terms of this exemplary computer system. After reading this description, it will be apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or computer architectures. Computer system 300 also includes a main memory 305, preferably random access memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory 310. The secondary memory 310 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 312 and/or a removable storage drive 314, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive 314 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 318 in a well known manner. Removable storage unit 318, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 314. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 318 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data. In alternative embodiments, secondary memory 310 may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 300. Such means may include, for example, a removable storage unit 322 and an interface 320. Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 322 and interfaces 320 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 322 to computer system 300. Computer system 300 may also include a communications interface 324. Communications interface 324 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 300 and external devices. Examples of communications interface 324 may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface 324 are in the form of signals 328 which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 324. These signals 328 are provided to communications interface 324 via a communications path (i.e., channel) 326. This channel 326 carries signals 328 and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communications channels. In this document, the term "computer program product" refers to removable storage units 318, 322, and/or signals 328. These computer program products are means for providing software and/or data to computer system 300. The invention is directed to such computer program products. Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in main memory 305, and/or secondary memory 310 and/or in computer program products. Computer programs may also be received via communications interface 324. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system 300 to perform the features of the present invention as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable the processor 303 to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of computer system 300. In an embodiment where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 300 using removable storage drive 314, hard drive 312 or communications interface 324. The control logic (software), when executed by processor 303, causes processor 303 to perform the functions of the invention as described herein. In another embodiment, the invention is implemented primarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s). In yet another embodiment, the invention is implemented using a combination of both hardware and software. An embodiment of the intellectual asset protocol of the present invention is described next. ///. CPML DTD According to an Embodiment of the Present Invention As discussed above, intellectual asset database 135 stores data objects that comply with one or more embodiments of the intellectual asset protocol of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the universal intellectual asset protocol is implemented as a Comprehensive Patent Markup Language (CPML) Document Type Definition (DTD) that conforms to Extended Markup Language (XML). Here, documents conforming to the CPML DTD are called CPML documents or, sometimes, universal intellectual asset documents (discussed above). As these names indicate, the CPML DTD of the present invention is very powerful and can be used for many functions, as will be described below with reference to FIG. 4. In essence, the CPML DTD is an XML intellectual asset protocol that specifies the data rules and format for intellectual asset management. This is very different, for example, from the USPTO Red Book specification and CML concerned with document presentation. In some embodiments, the CPML DTD includes these DTDs in its applications. Although both DTDs and XML are well known in the relevant art(s), brief overviews of DTDs and XML are provided next. As will be discussed above, computer programs when executed, enable computer 300 (FIG. 3) to perform the functions of the present invention as discussed herein. In an embodiment, the present invention is implemented using active server pages, XML and stored procedures. XML is a presentation markup language and is used as a data description language. XML is a pared-down version of SGML and is designed especially for Web documents. XML enables designers to create their own customized tags to provide functionality not available with HTML. For example, XML supports links that point to multiple documents, as opposed to HTML links, which can reference just one destination each. A tag is a command or marker inserted in a document that specifies how the document, or a portion of the document, should be formatted. Tags are used by format specifications that store documents as text files. This includes SGML and HTML. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, a designer would implement each of the functions of intellectual asset protocol function 205 as a tag. The type of file associated with SGML and XML documents is called a document type definition or DTD . DTD is a type of file that defines how the tags should be interpreted by the application presenting the document. The HTML specification that defines how Web pages should be displayed by Web browsers is one example of a DTD. In essence, a DTD to the present invention represents a contract between the players in the intellectual asset domain that intellectual asset documents will conform to a particular standard. The CPML DTD of the present invention will next be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4. FIG.4 conceptually illustrates the comprehensive patent markup language (CPML) DTD 402 according to embodiments of the invention. The CPML DTD 402 includes a plurality of other DTDs. Alternatively, the components of the CPML DTD 402 shown in FIG. 4 may be grouped together as one or more separate DTDs. Preferably, the DTDs of FIG. 4 conform to XML, although the invention is not limited to this embodiment. The CPML DTD 402 includes one or more patent DTDs 403. These patent DTDs 403 are a representation of patent documents. As shown in FIG. 5, the patent DTDs 403 may include or be representative of the USPTO Red Book DTD 504 (which is described in the specification of the USPTO Red Book published by the USPTO (dated March 1998, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), and/or patent DTDs of other patent offices, such as the PCT or EPO DTDs 506. The patent DTDs 403 may also include or be representative to information included in patent equivalent text files (EQV) 502 (as described above). The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 404 to support and represent other IP (intellectual property) assets, such as trade marks, trade secrets, copyright, conception documents, etc. The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 406 to represent USPTO and/or other patent office prosecution. The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 408 to represent and support patent licensing, tracking, auditing, payment, etc. The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 410 to represent and support any types of docketing activities. The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 412 to represent and support annotations, and the exchange of same. The CPML DTD 402 includes DTDs 414 to represent and support reports and reporting activities. The CPML DTD 402 is not limited to the functionality shown in FIG.4. The example of FIG. 4 is provided for illustrative purposes only. FIG.6 illustrates various types of CPML intellectual asset documents (that conform to CPML DTD 402) that can be exchanged between two players or clients in the intellectual asset domain. Next, a variety of features of the CPML DTD of the present invention are described. A. The CPML DTD Is a Union of the Structured Document Data Recognized and Served by Embodiment of the IPAM Server The CPML DTD specification contains a union of the structured bibliographic data that is used by embodiments of the IPAM server 105. In embodiments, this data includes subtables of the IP_DOCUMENT table and their satellites in the IPAM server database, plus the abstracts that reside in the searching database (indexes). This ensures that IPAM server 105 can extract the data it needs strictly from the XML, potentially without even the indexes and database flatfiles Production supplies. B. The CPML DTD Supports Additional Structures When the incoming data's normalization varies, the CPML DTD has sections for unnormalized data and repeats the data in the normalized format as necessary. The normalized versions are optional. For example: <Inventor> Matt Schnitz 1975 Landings Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 <Name> Matt Schnitz <Sumame>Schnitz</Surname> <GivenName>Matt</GivenName> </Name> <Address> 1975 Landings Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 <Street>1975 Landings Drive</Street> <City>Mountain View</City> <State>CA</State> <Country>US</Country> <PostalCode>94043< PostalCode> </Address> </Inventor> This policy makes sure that the application using the data has the level of normalization it is capable of supporting, and that the data has the best level of normalization we can supply. C. The CPML DTD Uses ISO Standard Codes and Readable Naming Conventions for its Tags As demonstrated in the example in Section (b) above, standards are used when possible. For example, "US" is the ISO standard code for the United States and "CA" is the ISO standard code for California. The naming convention for the tags preferably includes relatively readable and long names. The disk space lost pales in comparison to the image storage. Having readable names allows human beings to manipulate documents. The readable names make the CPML DTD easier to explain to third parties. D. The EQV Format Can Be Replaced with the CPML DTD in IPAM Server Preferably, IPAM server 105 accepts XML intellectual asset documents as electronic documents. XML intellectual asset documents are stored just as patent equivalent text files were, and are delivered to the IPAM server 105 just as the patent equivalent text files were. Changes to the IPAM server 105 include: * IPAM server 105 has to recognize XML as a format equivalent to the EQV format and return XML intellectual asset documents upon request. * The IPAM server 105 has a new command that requests the XML for a particular intellectual asset document. * The domain has new data paths for passing up the XML formatted documents as it did the EQV formatted documents. Alternatively, the domain can convert the XML formatted document to an EQV formatted file before passing it to the user interface of the IPAM server 105 to save the user interface the trouble of being dual-operable, and to save the annotation subsystem some complexity. * The user interface of the IPAM server 105 displays the document properly. * The entire annotation subsystem can handle anchoring the annotation in an XML document rather than an image or an EQV document. The invention includes tools that accomplish the following tasks: translate all incoming data into XML; merge disparate data for a particular document into a single XML document; track changes and version documents; produce indexes and database flatfiles from a set XML of documents; and convert XML formatted documents into EQV formatted documents for backward compatibility. E. The CPML DTD Retains as Much Information Present in the Original Documents as Practical, Including Chemical, Table, and Mathematical Information The original structured data can be retained for future use by "escaping" the data - for example, commenting it out or wrapping it in a processing instruction - but "escaping" does not facilitate further processing. In order to process the information, it must be put into a semantic context that the processing software understands. Rather than have the processing software understand all the original formats, the original formats should be translated to a single format. F. The CPML DTD Includes a IPAM Server Interface for Accessing Groups and Annotations via an XML Interface XML and the CPML DTD of the present invention are also useful as an output format for the IPAM server 105. XML provides a structured content format that is platform-independent. Groups, documents, and annotations can be output by IPAM server 105. Annotations contain some optional flags and annotation segments. Annotation segments contain a "start" anchor and an "end" anchor, and some content, which may either be embedded in the annotation or referred to by the annotation. It may also make reference to its group or owner. A possible XML format is below: <Annotation guid='the annotation guid'> <Attorney WorkProduct /> <Owner xml:link='some Xpointer' /> <AnnotationSegment guid='the annotation segment guid'> <Start xml:link='some Xpointer#some Xlink' /> <End xml:link='some Xpointer#some Xlink' /> This is the text of the annotation. (This particular thing's very interesting.) </AnnotationSegment> < Annotations egment guid='the annotation segment guid'> <Start xml:link='some Xpointer#some Xlink' /> <End xml:link='some Xpointer#some Xlink' /> <ContentLink xml:link='some Xpointer' /> </AnnotationSegment> </Annotation> Groups contain annotations, documents, and other groups. They make reference to their parents. Annotations may be referred to, or embedded directly in the group. A possible XML format is below: <Group guid='the group guid'> <AnnotationReference xml:link='|an annotation guid'/> <Annotation guid='the annotation guid'> <Attorney WorkProduct /> <Owner xml:link='|a group guid' /> </Annotation> <DocumentReference xml:link='|a document guid'/> <DocumentReference xml:link='|a document guid'/> <Parents> <GroupReference xml:link= '|a group guid'/> <GroupReference xml:link= '|a group guid'/> </Parents> <Children> <GroupReference xml:link= '|a group guid'/> <GroupReference xml:link= '|a group guid'/> <GroupReference xml:link= '|a group guid'/> </Children> </Group> The CPML DTD of the present invention gives this data a "life of its own". For example, someone could send an annotation to a coworker, and the coworker could view it with his e-mail reader (with the appropriate XML plug-ins to the e-mail reader). If the coworker wants the group context, he follows the "group" link, which sends the request to the WorkBench. The CPML DTD Includes a Set of XML Interfaces for Third- party Content Managers That Allows Users to Use Those Content Managers via IPAM in the Future XML can be used as a back-end interface for hooking into third party search engines and document servers. IPAM server 105 needs to use an interface to access central search servers. If that interface is in XML and is relatively general, it provides a platform-independent standard. H. The CPML DTD provides Claims Structure Support Embodiments of the CPML DTD has structured claims information. Claims structure includes: (1) a claim number; (2) independent claim information; (3) preambles with optional dependency clauses; and (4) a main body with many elements. The CPML DTD supports varying amounts of the structures listed above. An example CMML DTD is discussed next with reference to FIGs. 7A- 7C. TV. Example CPML DTD According to an Embodiment of the Present Invention An example CPML DTD 702 is shown in FIGS. 7A-7C. The goal of CPML DTD 702, according to an embodiment of the invention, is to include text structure and bibliographic tags present in the IPAM server database and indexes. How the CPML DTD 702 and the data in the IPAM server database and indexes are related will be described below with reference to FIGs. 10G-10I. The invention is not limited to CPML DTD 702. The example of FIGS. 7A-7C is provided for illustrative purposes only, and is not limiting. Other DTDs will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein. In CPML documents, information and sections of the patent are stored in the respective tags of the CPML DTD 702. The CPML DTD 702 shall now be described. To aid in the understanding of the example CPML DTD 702, the following three tables are provided, including Tables 1 through 3. Table 1 illustrates some common symbols for specifying element structure in a DTD, along with their descriptions: Table 1 The following Table 2 illustrates some common attribute types in a DTD, along with their descriptions: Table 2 NOTATION (enumerated) The value of the attribute must match the name of one of the NOTATION names listed. For example, an attribute with type NOTATION (drawing | figure) would need to have a value of "drawing" or "figure," and NOTATION declarations would need to exist for both drawing and figure. The final table, Table 3, illustrates attribute default values, along with their descriptions: Table 3 The example CPML DTD 702 preferably includes distinct sections for each distinct part of the document. Referring to FIG. 7 A, label 703 indicates an element list (ELEMENT) that are grouped together to create the CPML DTD 702. From Table 1 above, we know that parentheses group elements. Therefore, the elements or sections that make up "patent" include: "Bibliography," "Abstract," "UnstructuredBibliography," BriefSummaryOflnvention," "DescriptionOfDrawings," "DescriptionOflnvention," and "Claims." We also know from Table 1 that, since a comma separates each of these elements, the elements are required to appear in the specified sequence. Therefore, the "Bibliography" element is required to appear first. Next in sequence is the "Abstract" element. CPML DTD 702 shows the "abstract" element is separated from the "Bibliography" element. In another embodiment of the present invention, the "Abstract" element could be inside of the "Bibliography" element. Because there is no symbol after the "Bibliography" or the "Abstract" element, these elements must appear once, and only once. Note that the next three elements in the sequence ("UnstructuredBibliography," BriefSummaryOflnvention" and "DescriptionOfDrawings") each end with a question mark. From Table 1, this indicates that each of these elements, while optional, may only appear once. Next in sequence is the "DescriptionOflnvention" element that is required to appear once. The four preceding elements or sections are considered to be text sections of a patent. Note that although the embodiment in FIGs. 7A-7C show four text sections, there could just as easily be five or ten or any other number. Finally, there is a required "Claims" element that must appear once. Still referring to FIG. 7A, the label 704 indicates an attribute list (ATTLIST), which generally associates values for each attribute. The attributes shown include "MajorVer," "MinorVer" and "GUID." For example, the attribute "MajorVer" can have the value 0, 1 , 2, etc., but must have one of the values listed. The #REQUIRED (from Table 3) is an attribute default that indicates to the parser that the attribute "MajorVer" must have a value in all instances of the element. Failure to include the attribute will result in parsing errors. The attribute "MinorVer" is defined the same way as "MajorVer." The attribute "GUID" must have a unique value identifying the element (indicated by ID for Table 2). Again, #REQUIRED indicates that "GUID" must have a value in all instances of the element. The label 705 references a list of normalized tags. In this embodiment of the present invention, normalized tags are a common set of tags that appear in many places. These normalized tags promise a given data normalization when they appear. Normalized tags include tags for dates (Date), for publishing organizations (PubOrg), document kinds (Kind), numbers (Num), and countries (Cntry). More specifically, dates are always in the form YYYYMMDD, PubOrg' s are only allowed to be those found in WIPO Standard 3, Kind's obey a specified naming convention, Num's are always purely numeric, and Cntry' s are only allowed to be ISO-specified countries. The label 706 references a list of common tags and entities. In this embodiment of the present invention, common tags appear in more than one place but are not normalized. This element specifies the format for text, such as paragraphs, in the CPML DTD 702. The label 707 references a list of patent bibliographic tags. This embodiment supports different classifications of bibliographic tags: identifiers that serve to identify documents by identifiers, references to other documents, legalities, classifications, and miscellaneous information. These bibliographic classifications are organized as follows: Bibliographic Data Identifiers (that is, data that serves to distinguish this document from others) Title Publication and Examining Organization (the EPO, the USPTO, etc.) Kind of Document (application, patent, reissue) Publication Number (the number of the document proper) Application Number Abstract (with or without a typical or indicative drawing) References to Other Documents Citations Examiner-cited citations (usually a subset of the search report citations) Applicant-cited citations ( typically embedded in the document proper) Patent Family Parent application(s) Related application(s) Related granted patent(s) Foreign applications that transfer priority under the Paris Convention Priority Application Priority Date Priority Country PCT International Patent Applications that transfer priority under the Patent Cooperation Treaty Legalities Inventors Assignees Legal Representation of Inventors or Assignees (who, which firm, etc.) Patent Examiner Designated States Relevant Dates (Filing, or Application, Date; Publication Date; possibly Issue, or Granted, Date; and possibly Reissuance Date) Classifications of the Document Domestic International (International Patent Classification; usually the version of the IPC is listed as well) These categories are used for convenience purposes only. The invention is not limited to this example. Some embodiments of the CPML DTD may have all of these bibliographic fields, while other DTD embodiments may have subsets of the fields. In the example of FIGS. 7A-7C, the bibliographic tags are organized as follows: general information 707, identifiers 708, references to ether documents 709, legalities 710 (i.e., data that reinforces the assignee's right to monopoly), classifications 711, and miscellaneous information 712. Referring to label 707, the bibliographic tag relating to general information is shown. From Table 1 above, we know that parentheses group elements. We also know from Table 1 that, since a comma separates each of these elements, the elements are required to appear in the specified sequence. Therefore, the elements or sections that make up the bibliographic tag relating to general information is as follows: Title: must appear once, and only once; PubNo: must appear after Title, once and only once; AppNo: must appear after PubNo, once and only once; PatentRef*: any number of PatentRef can appear in sequence, even zero; FilingDate: must appear in sequence, and must appear once, and only once; IssueDate?: must appear only once after FilingDate if present, but is optional; PublicationDate?: must appear only once in sequence if present, but is optional; CalculatedExpirationDate?: must appear only once in sequence if present, but is optional; Assignee*: any number of Assignees can appear in sequence, even zero; Inventor*: any number of Inventors can appear in sequence, even zero; Priority*: any number of references that the present patent claims priority to can appear in sequence, even zero; DesignatedStates: must appear in sequence, and must appear once, and only once; IPC*: any number of IPC's can appear in sequence, even zero; USClassification*: any number of US classifications can appear in sequence, even zero; PublicationLanguage: must appear in sequence, and must appear once, and only once; Num Claims?: must appear only once after PublicationLanguage if present, but is optional; NumDrawingPages?: must appear only once in sequence if present, but is optional; NumFigures?: must appear only once in sequence if present, but is optional; and NumSpecPages?: must appear only once in sequence if present, but is optional. Note that each of these elements are further defined. For instance, Title, PubNo and AppNo are further defined as referenced by label 708. For example, PubNo is required to include the normalized tags: PubOrg, Kind, and Num (described above with reference to label 705), in sequence. PatentRef is further defined as referenced by label 709. FilingDate, IssueDate, PublicationDate, CalculatedExpirationDate, Assignee, Inventor, Priority and DesignatedStates are each further defined as referenced by label 710. IPC and USClassification are further defined as referenced by label 711. Referring to label 711, IPC is required to include the normalized tags: Section, Class, Subclass, Group and Subgroup. USClassification is required to include the normalized tags: USClass, USSubclass, and USSuffix. Finally, PublicationLanguage, NumClaims, NumDrawingPages, NumFigures and NumSpecPages are further defined as referenced by label 712. The section or element Abstract is next in CPML DTD 702. The Abstract element is referenced by label 713. After the Abstract section, the unstructured bibliographic section, referenced by label 714 follows. The unstructured bibliographic labeled by 714 includes a text representation of all bibliographic information of a given patent in unstructured format. This information is provided to support rendering of the patent, since not all bibliographic information may be stored in structured format (in documents that support the CPML DTD 702). Based on the teaching above, one skilled in the relevant art(s) will understand the remainder of CPML DTD 702 including: the brief summary of the invention section is referenced by label 715 , the brief description of the drawings section is referenced by label 716, the detailed description of the invention section is referenced by label 717 , and the claims section is referenced by label 718. V. Example CPML Intellectual Asset Document - U.S. Patent FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an example CPML intellectual asset document for a U.S. patent. The CPML intellectual asset document of FIGS. 8A-8C corresponds to the CPML DTD 702 of FIGS. 7A-7C. VI. Example CPML Document - European Patent The CPML DTD 702 of FIGS. 7A-7C supports all types of patent intellectual asset documents, not just U.S. patents. For example, FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate an example CPML intellectual asset document for an EP application. The CPML intellectual asset document of FIGS.9A-9C corresponds to the CPML DTD 702 of FIGS. 7 A-7C. VII. Correspondence Between CPML DTD and Other Patent DTDs and Example Database Implementation FIGS . 10 A- 101 illustrate the mapping between the CPML DTD 702 and other patent related DTDs, such as patent-related DTDs of the U.S. Patent Office and the European Patent Office. The orientation of FIGS. 10A-10I is indicated in FIG. 10J. The "Red Book" and "Green Book" DTDs of the USPTO are represented by columns 1004 and 1006, respectively. The DTD of the EPO PCT is represented by columns 1008, 1010, and 1012. The CPML DTD 702 according to an embodiment is represented by columns 1014, 1016, and 1018. FIGS. 10A-10I also illustrate the mapping between the CPML DTD 702 and fields of the IPAM server database, thereby indicating how data from CPML intellectual asset documents is stored in the database, and how the database is used to populate CPML intellectual asset documents. VIII. Detailed Description of the Functions of the Intellectual Asset Protocol System of the Present Invention The function of intellectual asset protocol system 110 were introduced above with reference to FIG. 2. The functions include intellectual asset protocol function 205, intellectual asset data and processing exchange function 210, presentation function 215 and administration function 230. Each of these functions may also include one or more functions. A. Intellectual Asset Protocol Function The CPML DTD 702 supports formats and rules concerning the following functions performed by intellectual asset protocol function 205: Patent and Trademark Prosecution and Workflow Electronic Submission of Patent and Trademark Applications Patent and Trademark Maintenance Fee Payment Tracking and Reporting License Tracking License Audits License Payments Intellectual asset Meta Data Management including (may be just includes of other DTDs) including: government issued Meta data, Derwent Data and other third parties, CML data, User Defined Intellectual Asset Meta data, etc. Intellectual asset Data Transaction Data Exchange with ERP Systems, Docket Systems, Licensing Systems, etc. Reporting and Visualization of Intellectual Asset Meta Data Relating Intellectual asset Meta data to other relevant corporate and business data Direct presentation of CPML documents to the TIBCO data exchange wire format communication layer and others. Automatically updating clients or players with new patent information. The intellectual asset data and processing exchange function 210 of the present invention is described next. B. Intellectual Asset Data and Processing Exchange Function A powerful aspect of XML and the CPML DTD 702 of the present invention (which conforms to XML) is the ability to define data exchange rules and formats for various types of transactions. See, for example, FIG. 6. There are many e-commerce data exchange initiatives that include SET, JEPI, CommerceNet, Cyber Cash, Millicent, OFX, XML/EDI. An SGML based initiative that is a superset of all of the above is the Open Financial Exchange protocol (OFX). OFX is an SGML-based initiative that allows electronic commerce technologies to co-exist and interoperate. OFX aims to smooth the path towards the development of a pervasive retail trade infrastructure on the Internet. OFX supports formats and specifies rules concerning the following activities: Offers of Sale Agreements to Purchase Payment Transfer of goods and services Delivery Receipts Problem Resolution The CPML DTD 702 supports formats and rules concerning the functions performed by intellectual asset data and processing exchange function 210. C. Presentation Function Presentation function 215 of the present invention is responsible for specify the format of any output to the user. In an embodiment of the present invention, presentation function 215 uses cascading style sheets to format the output of CPML intellectual asset documents. Cascading style sheets, or style sheets in general, are well known in the relevant art(s). Therefore, only a brief overview will be provided next. In general, a style sheet is a file or form that defines the layout of a document. When you fill in a style sheet, you specify such parameters as the page size, margins, and fonts. Style sheets are useful because you can use the same style sheet for many documents. For example, you could define one style sheet for patents, another for patent prosecution, and a third for trademarks, and so forth. Style sheets are also called templates. More specifically, cascading style sheets can separate the formatting information from the body of documents, storing it separately in a STYLE element or a separate document. In addition, in-line styling, using a STYLE attribute to indicate formatting for particular elements, is also available. The "cascading" refers to the ability to combine multiple style sheets and in-line styling, simplifying the task of creating master templates and then making modifications as needed. Cascading style sheets uses the document structure as a framework, which is then annotated with formatting information and displayed (or printed, or read, or presented somehow) by an application, typically a Web browser. D. Administration Function Administration function 230, among other things, allows for an administrator to control which users have access to IPAM server 105, intellectual protocol system 110 and/or intellectual asset database 135. IX. General System Operation The manner in which users may navigate through the functional modules and features provided by intellectual asset protocol system 110 will now be described. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 (via front end system 113) may be accessible by a user directly on a desktop computer, via a World Wide Web page over the Internet (i.e., through on-line services), or accessible via an Intranet. In an alternative embodiment, intellectual asset protocol system 110 (via front end system 113) may be accessible via telephone services or the like. It should be understood that the control flows described are for example purposes only. Intellectual asset protocol system 110 of the present invention is sufficiently flexible and configurable such that users may navigate through system 110 in ways other than that described. FIG. 11 depicts one example of the high level operation of the functions of intellectual asset protocol system 110. Other high level operations with be described below with reference to FIGs. 14 and 15. Referring to FIG. 11, flowchart 1100 starts at step 1102. In step 1102, the intellectual asset protocol function 205 receives (via front end system 113) a CPML intellectual asset document. Control then passes to step 1104. In step 1104, the intellectual asset protocol function 205 processes the received intellectual asset document with the appropriate DTD in the CPML DTD 702 (FIGs. 7A-7C). Here, the CPML DTD 702 is used to parse and extract desired data from the intellectual asset document. Control then passes to step 1106. In step 1106, the presentation function 215 is invoked to format and display information in the intellectual asset document. As described above, in an embodiment of the present invention, cascading style sheets may be used to format the output of the presentation function 215. At this point, flowchart 1100 ends. Step 1104 of flowchart 1100 is further described with reference to FIG. 12. Referring to FIG. 12, control starts in step 1202. In step 1202, the intellectual asset protocol function 205 determines where the data in the intellectual asset document needs to be reformatted. If so, the intellectual data and processing exchange function 210 is invoked to reformat the data. Control then passes to step 1204. In step 1204, based on the particular type of intellectual asset document received, the protocol function 205 refers to the CPML DTD 702 to determine which DTD in the CPML DTD 702 to use (assuming the CPML DTD 702 contains multiple DTDs). Control then passes to step 1206. In step 1206, the protocol function 205 refers to the CPML DTD 702 to parse and extract information from the intellectual asset document. Control then passes to step 1208. In step 1208, it is determined whether the intellectual asset document conformed to the CPML DTD 702. If the outcome is positive, then control passes to step 1106 (FIG. 11). Otherwise, control passes to step 1210. In step 1210, the protocol function displays parsing errors (via front end server 113) to the user. FIG. 12 ends at this point. Step 1106 of flowchart 1100 is further described with reference to FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 13, control starts in step 1302. In step 1302, the presentation function 215 determines whether the IPAM server 105 (FIG. 1) needs to be invoked to provide the requested information to the user. Control then passes to step 1304. In step 1304, the prevention function 215 uses the extracted data and/or any data received from the IPAM server 105 with a cascading style sheet to produce the desired output for the user. It is possible to select and use different style sheets depending on the task that is being performed (so as to display different sets of information and/or to display or exchange information in formats that are useful for the task being performed). If the output desired by the user requires the data to be reformatted, then the data and processing exchange function 210 is invoked to format the data in the correct form. FIG. 13 ends at this point. As stated above, FIG. 11 depicts one example of the high level operation of the functions of intellectual asset protocol system 110. FIGs. 14 and 15 depict another example of the high level operation of the functions of intellectual asset protocol system 110, which will be described next. The CPML DTD 702 supports a number of transactions. For example, embodiments of the CPML DTD 702 support automatic update of client information. This feature of the invention is illustrated in a flowchart 1402 shown in FIG. 14, and a corresponding event trace diagram 1502 shown in FIG. 15. Referring to FIG. 14, control starts at step 1404. In step 1404, a host 1504 provides patent information and patent related information to a client 1506 via a CPML document 1508. The CPML document 1508 is a representation of U.S. Patent No. 5,832,229. The CPML document 1508 includes information related to this patent, such as the information indicated in FIGS. 7A-7C. The CPML document 1508 also includes version information, which is part of the CPML DTD in the embodiment being discussed. In the example of FIG. 15, the version is VI . This version information is used to update the client 1506 when information changes, as described below. Control then passes to step 1406. In step 1406, patent information and/or patent related information changes. For example, a patent may be reclassified, the assignee may change, the inventive entity may change, a post issuance document may be added, etc. These changes are represented in FIG. 15 as 1512. Control then passes to step 1408. In step 1408, the IPAM databases in the host 1504 are modified to reflect these changes 1512. The host 1504 may receive the changes 1512 from a variety of sources, such as Cassis, USPTO Gazette, etc. A new version number (V2) is assigned to U.S. Patent No. 5,832,229. Control then passes to step 1410. In step 1410, the client 1506 is automatically updated with the new/changed information associated with the new version number V2. This may be implemented, for example, by checking the version number of documents represented at the client 1506. This check would indicate that the client 1506 had version VI of U.S. Patent No. 5,832,229. The host 1504 would know that the current version of the document was V2. Accordingly, the host 1504 would send V2 of U.S. Patent No. 5,832,229 to the client as CPML document 1514. The new CPML document 1514 would be used at the client 1506 to automatically update its version of U.S. Patent No. 5,832,229. Flowchart 1402 in FIG. 14 ends at this point. X Inputting Data From XML and Non-XML Documents As mentioned above, IPAM server 105 can operate with XML documents and non-XML (e.g. EQV) documents. This is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 16. An XML server 1610 receives XML input 1602, such as XML documents . The XML server 1610 automatically extracts structured information from the XML input 1602, and stores the structured information in the IPAM/Enterprise databases 1612. There are commercially available XML servers available today, such as EXCELON. Any such XML servers can be used with the present invention. The invention can also work with non-XML data. A parser 1606 receives non-XML input 1604, which may be a non-XML document. The non-XML input 1604 is formatted in some manner. The parser 1606 knows the format of the non- XML input 1604, either by preprogramming or on-the-fly analysis. The parser 1606 extracts information from the non-XML input 1604 and generates XML documents or data. In the case where XML documents are generated, the documents are sent to the XML server 1610 for processing. In the case where data is generated, the data is stored in the IPAM/Enterprise databases 1612. XL Electronic Document Order and Download DTD As noted above, the CPML DTD 702 (FIG. 7A-7C) supports electronic data exchange/transfer and IP-related transactions. See, for example, FIG.6. For example, and without limitation, the invention supports an electronic document order and download protocol DTD, an example of which is shown in FIGS. 17A- 17C. This DTD can be used to electronically order a document, track the order, and fill out the order. The DTD of FIGS. 17A-17C can be a part of the CPML DTD 702, or can be separate from the CPML DTD 702. XII. Alternative Embodiment of the Intellectual Asset Protocol of the Present Invention - SPML (SmartPatents Markup Language) The invention is directed to alternative patent markup language embodiments. One such alternative embodiment is called SPML (SmartPatents Markup Language). The format of CPML documents is specified by the CPML DTD 702 (FIGs. 7A-7C). In contrast, the format of SPML documents is specified by SPML-specific processing (i.e., computer programs that process SPML documents). The end effect is generally the same. The translation from DTD-specified documents to processing-specified documents, and vice versa, will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein. For example, the translation from the processing of SPML to a DTD will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the herein teachings. The general format of a SPML file contains a document header, bibliographic data, and formatted document text. Prior to discussing the details of the SPML of the present invention, an example embodiment of a model used for the SPML will be described. FIG. 18 illustrates an example embodiment of a model 1800 used for the SPML of the present invention. Objects in model 1800 are either referred to as a container or a leaf. Containers can contain leafs, or containers can contain more containers. Therefore, each container limits or restricts the types of objects (e.g., containers or leafs) that can be contained in them. Referring to FIG. 18, containers consist of Document 1808, Section 1810, Paragraph 1812 and Line 1814. Leafs consist of DocumentComposite 1801, Text 1802, PageBreak 1804, VertSpace 1806, BibItem 1816, BibListOf 1818, BibSection 1820, BibDate 1822, BibNumber 1824, and BibText 1826. How each of the containers and leafs are defined is discussed next. As stated above, the general format of a SPML file contains, for example, a document header, bibliographic data, and formatted document text. Referring again to FIG. 18, document 1808 is used to model the document header. Bibltem 1816, BibListOf 1818, BibSection 1820, BibDate 1822, BibNumber 1824, and BibText 1826 is used to model the bibliographic data. Finally, Section 1810, Paragraph 1812, Line 1814, Text 1802, PageBreak 1804, VertSpace 1806 are used to model the formatted document text. Each of these are discussed in detail below. It is noted that the invention is not limited to these elements. The elements and configurations described herein are provided for example purposes only. Other elements and configurations will be apparent to persons skilled in the art based on the herein teachings. A. Document Header of the SPML File The first line in the document header is a tag that denotes the document type as SPML. This tag is: "spDoc" for the default document type of patent. The second line in the document header is the major version number of the SPML contained in the file. The third line of the document header is the minor version number of the SPML contained in the file. The major and mine version number may be used in the document builder to swap in the correct SPML parser. Checksum and file size is not added to the header if it is desirable to edit the raw SPML by hand at a later time. B. Bibliographic Data of the SPML File The bibliographic data section may contain, but is not limited to, the following items: a string of text (related to BibText 1826), an integer number (related to BibNumber 1824), a date (related to BibDate 1822), a section of formatted text (related to BibSection 1820), and a list of any of these mentioned bibliographic items (related to BibListOf 1818). Each of these are described in more detail below. 1. BibText The format of data in BibText 1826 is: T9, Inventor Last Name, 1, Smith. The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "T" identifies the line as containing a BibTextltem. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of text item it is. These types are mapped to the known patent text elements (e.g., the text type id of "1" is a text item that is the patent number, and the text type id of "9" is a text item that is an inventor first name), and user define bibliographic text items will be given a unique type id. The second comma delimited field is the Name and contains the following information: 1) The name given to the text item (e.g., "Patent Number" or "Inventor Last Name"). This field will most likely be empty for known patent types (the information can be determined from the type id) and contain data for user defined bibliographic text items. The third comma delimited field is the Style Index and contains the following information: 1) The index of style to be used when displaying the text item (e.g., a style index of "1 " means that the text item is to be displayed in normal 9 point Times Roman). The fourth comma delimited field is the data and contains the following information: 1) A string containing the actual text data. 2. BibNumber The format of data in BibNumber 1824 is: N5, Number of claims, 16. The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "N" identifies the line as containing a BibNumber. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of number item it is. These types are mapped to the known patent number elements (e.g., the number type id of "5" is a number item that is the number of claims the patent has), and user defined bibliographic number items will be given a unique type id. The second comma delimited field is the Name and contains the following information: 1) Thenamegiven tothenumberitem (e.g., "Numberofclaims"). Thisfield will most likely be empty for defined bibliographic text items. The third comma delimited field is the data and contains the following information: 1) An integer value that is the data. 3. BibDate The format of data in BibDate 1822 is: Dl, Application date, 7 11 1985. The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "D" identifies the line as containing a BibDate. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of date item it is. These types are mapped to the known patent date elements (e.g., the date type id of " 1 " is a date item that is the application date of the patent), and user defined bibliographic date items will be given a unique type id. The second comma delimited field is the Name and contains the following information: 1) The name given to the date item (e.g., "Application date"). This field will most likely be empty for known patent types (the information can be determined from the type id) and contain data for user defined bibliographic text items. The third comma delimited field is the data and contains the following information: 1) A month, day and year separated by spaces. 4. BibSection The format of data in a Section item (e.g., BibSection 1820) is similar to the formatted text sections of the document text. Only the notable differences will be given here to avoid difficulties in maintaining the same information in two places. The tag for a bibliographic section is "B" instead of "S". 5. BibListOf The format of data in BibListOf 1818 item is: LI, BibliographicData bib items (including other lists) The first common delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "L" identifies the line as starting a BibListOf. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of list item it is. These types are mapped to the known patent list elements (e.g., the list type id of "2" is a list of inventor list items. The type id of "3" is alist of all of the items that make up an inventor such as a BibText item for the first name and another for the last name), and user defined bibliographic list items will be given a unique type id. Note that the list type if of "1" is a special type of list that all documents must have this is the list that contains all other bibliographic items that the document has. The second comma delimited field is the Name and contains the follow information: 1) The name given to the list item (e.g., "BibliographicData", "Inventor list", or "Inventor item") . This field will most likely be empty for known patent types (the information can be determined from the type id) and contain data for user defined bibliographic text items. The final part of the data in BibListOf 1818 is the end tag: 1) Since a list can be nested, an end tag is needed to mark the end of a list. This end tag is "~" on a line by itself. The end tag marks the end of the most recent list. For example: LI, Bibliographic Data L2, Inventor list //this ends the Inventor list //this ends the Bibliographic Data list C. Formatted Document Text Data of the SPML File The formatted document text data section may contain, but is not limited to, the following items: sections containing one or more paragraphs (related to Section 1810), paragraphs containing one or more lines (related to Paragraph 1812), lines containing one or more text sequences (related to Line 1814), text sequences containing one or more characters (related to Text 1802), page breaks (related to PageBreak 1804), vertical spaces (related to VertSpace 1806), and special characters (not shown in FIG. 18). Each of these are described in more detail below. 1. Section The format of data in Section 1810 is: SI, The first section of the document paragraph data The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "S" identifies the line as starting a Section. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of section it is. These types are mapped to the known patent sections, and user defined sections items will be given a unique type id. The second comma delimited field is the Name and contains the following information: 1) The name given to the Section (e.g., "Summary of the Invention"). This field will most likely be empty for known patent types (the information can be determined from the type id) and contain data for user defined bibliographic text items. 2) There is no need for an end tag since sections cannot be nested. 2. Paragraph The format of data in Paragraph 1812 is: PI line data The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "P" identifies the line as starting a paragraph. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells what kind of indentation to use when displaying the paragraph. These types are mapped to the known patent indentation styles, and user defined section items will be given a unique type id. User defined indentation styles will most likely be defined in the header of this document. 3) There is no need for an end tag since sections cannot be nested. Line The format of data in Line 1814 is simply the text items that make up the line of text on a single line in the file: <text dataxtext dataxtext data> There is no need for a start tag or end tag because the line in the SPML file itself is the market for when a line begins and ends. 4. Text The format of data in Text 1802 is: <T0, This is a sample of some text.> The first comma delimited field is the tag and contains the following information: 1) The "<T" identifies the line as starting text. 2) The number following the tag is a type id that tells how the text is to be displayed. These types are mapped to the known patent text styles, and user defined styles will be given a unique type id. User defined text styles (e.g., bold italics 15 point Arial) will most likely be defined in the header of the document. The second comma delimited field is the data and contains the following information: 1) A string containing the actual text data. 2) The end of the string of data is marked by the tag, ">". If the character ">" needs to be part of the text data it should be represented as a special character ("~>~"). 5. PageBreak The format of data in PageBreak 1804 is: <G> No additional information is needed to represent a page break. 6. VertSpace The format of data in VertSpace 1806 is: <Vheight> This contains two parts: 1) A "V to specify that this is a vertical space tag. 2) A number specifying a height. One height unit will be equivalent to half the height of a line of text. 7. SpecialChar The format for a special character in a text sequence is: -DELTA- The name field of the special character is surrounded by "-" and contains the following information: 1 ) A string containing a lookup value to an array that maps special character names to special character codes. An example format of formatted document text, according to an embodiment, of the present invention is as follows: SI, The first section of the document PI <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> PI <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, ThisxTl, is a samplexTO, of some><T2, text with style changes.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> P5 <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, This is a sample of a special character, -DELTA-, in the middle of a text sequenco <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> S4, The second section of the document P2 <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> PI <T0, This is a sample of some text.> <T0, ThisxTl, is a samplexTO, of somexT2, text.> <T0, This is a sample of some text.> D. Streaming Mechanisms of the Present Invention Streaming is a technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Streaming technologies are becoming increasingly important with the growth of the Internet 120 (FIG.1 ) because most users (or clients) do not have fast enough access to download large multimedia files quickly. With streaming, the client browser or plug-in can start displaying the data before the entire file has been transmitted. For streaming to work, the client side receiving the data must be able to collect the data and send it as a steady stream to the application that is processing the data and converting it to sound or pictures. This means that if the streaming client receives the data more quickly than required, it needs to save the excess data in a buffer. If the data doesn't come quickly enough, however, the presentation of the data will not be smooth. The present invention provides two different streaming techniques that are used in conjunction with the presentation function 215 (FIG. 2). As stated above, the presentation function 215 of the present invention is responsible for specifying the format of any output to the user. In an embodiment of the present invention, presentation function 215 uses cascading style sheets to format the output of SPML intellectual asset documents. Cascading style sheets provide a CLASS attribute. Developers can use this class attribute to reflect categories of content and not just formatting. The present invention combines the CLASS attribute of cascading style sheets and the streaming technique to provide two streaming mechanisms including: a template based streaming mechanism and a visitation based steaming mechanism. Both mechanisms address how to get the SPML files into, and then back out of, memory. The template based streaming mechanism will be described first with reference to FIG. 19. Next, the visitation based steaming mechanism of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 20. Referring to FIG. 19, the class of a DocComponentStreamer 1902 acts as an adapter to the class of a DocComponent 1904 (also see FIG. 18) so that the streaming behavior is moved out of the class of the DocComponent 1904 and into the class of the DocComponentStreamer 1902. This allows the DocComponent 1904 to be streamed in several different ways based on the type of DocComponentStreamer 1902 used to adapt the DocComponentl904. Sample code is as follows: DocComponentStreamer streamer (DocComponent); cout « streamer; For the template based streaming mechanism of the present invention, macros may be written for every different type of streaming desired that acts like an adapter streamer for every type of document component that needs to be written. Referring to FIG. 20, the visitation based steaming mechanism of the present invention will now be described. The class of a StreamingVisitor 2002 is accepted by the a virtual method of the class of a DocComponent 2004 (also see FIG. 18). This allows the visitor to stream the correct information without having to cast the DocComponent 2004 to a derived type. All of the streaming behavior is moved out of the class of the DocComponent 2004 and into the class of the Streaming Vistor 2002. This allow s the DocComponent 2004 to be streamed in several different ways based on the type of visitor used. Sample code is as follows: StreamingVisitor visitor (cout); component. Accept (visitor); E. Adapter Classes of the Present Invention The SPML document of an embodiment of the present invention may be adapted to different roles through the use of adapter classes. The use of adapter classes provides many advantages including: allows different ways of working with a SPML document to be encapsulated; different interfaces can be added to the present invention without affecting other existing interfaces; prevents a bloated document interface; and allows client code to choose the role that the SPML document plays, and how it can be used. FIG. 21 illustrates an abstract view of how applications may use different adapters in order to work differently with the same SPML document. Referring to FIG.21 , an application 2102 utilizes an adapter 2106 to work with a SPML document 2112 in one way and utilizes an adapter 2108 to work with the same SPML document 2112 in a different way. An application 2104 utilizes an adapter 2110 to work with the same SPML document 2112 as application 2102 in yet a different way. A concrete view of how applications may use different adapters in order to work differently with the same SPML document will be described next. FIG.22 is an example concrete view of how applications may use different adapters in order to work differently with the same SPML document. In FIG.22, a PagTool 2202, a PaginatorlD 2204, a DocumentRepository 2206, an ImageRepository 2208, aPaginator 2210, a Document 2212, a Canonimage 2214 and a Statistic 2216 are shown. PagTool 2202 acts as the facade for the domain in the absence of a paginator. PaginatorlD identifies a paginator. The ID is used to log on and determine who generated what statistics. DocumentRepository 2206 identifies a location where SPML files or documents can be found. Imagerepository 2208 identifies a location where CAN files can be found. Statistic 2216 contains information about when a paginator logs on, logs off, opens a file, saves a file, or completes a pagination of a file. Canonimage 2214 represents the image data that serves as the basis for formatting information. Document 2212 contains the text data with formatting information. This is a text version of the Canonimage 2214. Finally, Paginator 2210 modifies the formatting information of a document. Paginator 2210 can insert and/or remove page breaks and line breaks, edit figure references, and edit the number of bib pages. XIII. Conclusion While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. This is especially true in light of technology and terms within the relevant art(s) that may be later developed. Thus, the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims: What is Claimed Is: 1. A system for enforcing the standardization of data exchange for intellectual asset data objects, comprising: a database having stored therein at least one intellectual asset protocol, wherein said at least one intellectual asset protocol defines at least one data exchange set of rules and formats for a type of intellectual asset data object; and at least one engine, wherein said at least one engine determines whether an intellectual asset data object of said type conforms to said intellectual asset protocol.

Inventors: HOHMANN LUKE, JACKSON ADAM, RAPPAPORT IRVING S, ROSENQUIST BRENT, SCHNITZ MATTHEW, HOHMANN, LUKE, JACKSON, ADAM, RAPPAPORT, IRVING, S., ROSENQUIST, BRENT, SCHNITZ, MATTHEW
Applicants: AURIGIN SYSTEMS INC, AURIGIN SYSTEMS, INC.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: G06F17
IPC codes: G06F12, G06F17, G06Q30, G06Q50