TOOL AND METHOD FOR MANAGING FLUID FLOW IN A WELL

Abstract: A tool and method for managing fluid flow in a well use flow control and monitoring functions. A particular tool provides valve and metering functions combined with electrical generator and pump functions. Two of these tools can be used such that one generates electricity downhole to power the other tool to operate as a pump or other flow control. A method of managing fluid flow in a well includes operating the tool in either a generator mode or a pump mode. The tool, which is a flow control device, has a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside. The tool also has a flow control body, a rotor and electromagnetic members. A method includes moving the flow control body, the rotor, and the electromagnetic members together to selectively block or unblock the opening.

Description: TOOL AND METHOD FOR MANAGING FLUID FLOW IN A WELL TECHNICAL HELD This invention relates generally to tools and methods for managing fluid flow in wells, particularly oil or gas wells. A particular implementation of the tool of the invention is a unitary flow control device that can function as a v alve, a fluid flow sensor and meter, an electrical generator, and a pump. BACKGROUND In the oil and gas industry, well and reservoir management is an important aspect of efficient and economical production of oil and gas. Fluid flow, such as of the oil and gas being produced, needs to be monitored and controlled. There are various flow sensing devices, flow metering devices and valves used in downhole pipe or tubing strings to perform these functions. With changes in the industry , however, there is the need for improv ed tools and methods. One of these changes is that more complex wells are being drilled. For example, horizontal wells and wells with multiple lateral bores extending from a main borehole are being drilled to improve hydrocarbon recovery rates at reduced cost relative to drilling multiple individual v ertical wells. Another of these changes is that more and more control is being put downhole to improve recovery to cost ratios. A presently evolving area uses intelligent tools applying microprocessor and computer technology in the borehole. These and other types of tools require some source of electricity to operate. Typically these sources have included power generating equipment at the surface with wireline connections to the downhole tool or self-contained downhole sources such as batteries contained in the tools themselves. To provide another source, there is the need for a downhole generator that is powered by a well's own flowing fluid. As a specific situation arising in well and reservoir management, consider an oil or gas well having a main borehole from which several lateral boreholes extend. In this, as with other structural types of oil or gas wells, undesirable water may be produced with desired hydrocarbons. The water needs to be separated from the hydrocarbons, and in at least some instances, injected back into the well or into a disposal well. This typically requires producing the entire stream to the surface from which the well has been drilled (or to a platform or other water -surface facility for offshore wells), separating the water from the hydrocarbons at the surface, and then returning the separated water to the well or to another well. It would be desirable to be able to do this separating and reinjecting downhole to save the time and expense of producing the water all the way to the surface and then returning it back into the ground. Additionally, if the water could be separated and left downhole, more hydrocarbons could be produced in the volume previously occupied by the water. This might also obviate the necessity of having separator equipment at the surface and of having a separate injection well or other water disposal system. Accordingly, there is the specific need for an improved tool and method with which to perform downhole water separation and reinjection. More generally, there is the needfor an improved tool and method that can be used downhole to control and monitor fluid flow. There is also the need for such a tool to have the capability of generating electricity in response to fluid flow in a well, such that the electricity can be used in the control aspect as needed, for example. SUMMARY The present invention meets the aforementioned needs by providing a novel andim proved tool and method for managing fluid flow in a well. The tool andmethod can be used downhole in a well to control and monitor fluid flow, such as could be used in reinjecting water downhole. The present invention can also be used to generate electricity downhole in response to fluid flowing in a well. The present invention combines flow control and monitoring functions. A particular implementation of the tool of the present inv ention provides valve and metering functions combined with electrical generator and pump functions. Two such tools can be used such that one generates electricity downhole to power the other tool to operate as a pump. For example, one tool can be used in one flow zone of the well to generate electricity in response to fluid flow in that zone, and the electricity from that tool used to power the other tool located in another flow zone in which water is to be reinjectedintotheformation. That power can also be used to control flow and do reservoir evaluation on another zone. As other non-limiting examples, the present invention can be used in horizontal well sections to keep water contact from propagating down a selected length of the horizontal section, and it can be used to create a back pressure in one well section while drawing down in another section. Of course, a single multifunction tool of the present invention can be used alone in any of its modes, whether as a valve, a meter, a generator, or a pump; and two or more tools can be used to work together such as suggested above in the examples of two tools of the present invention. Thus, the present invention has advantages apparent from the foregoing. The tool of the present invention generally comprises an outer body having an opening defined in a side wall of the body. A flow control body is disposed in the outer body such that the flow control body is movable between a closed position blocking the opening in the outer body and an open position unblocking the opening in the outer body (the blocking/unblocking being anywhere between fully blocked and fully unblocked). A rotor is connected to the flow control body and disposed in the outer body such that the rotor can rotate within the outer body in response to a force applied to the rotor. The tool can alsoinclude an actuator disposed in the outer body to move the flow control body linearly between the closed position and the open position. In a particular implementation, the rotor moves linearly with the flow control body and the flow control body rotates with the rotor. There can alsobe suitable seals as needed. The present invention also provides a method of managing fluid flow in a well in which a flow control device is located, the flow control device having a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside the flow control device, and the flow control device also having a rotor and a plurality of electromagnetic members. The method comprises operating the flow control device in either a generator mode or a pump mode. The method of managing fluid flow in a well can also be defined as moving the flow control body, the rotor, and the electromagnetic members together to selectively block or unblock the opening. In a particular version of this method, the flow control body, the rotor, and the electromagnetic members are moved axially within the body of the flow control device. For example, this can include energizing a motor coupled in the flow control device to the flow control body, the rotor, and the electromagnetic members. As another example, this can include applying to the flow control body, the rotor, and the electromagnetic members a longitudinal mechanical force originated outside the flow control device. The present invention also provides a method of managing fluid flow in a well defined as comprising: producing a fluid from a subterranean formation into the well, the fluid including hydrocarbons and water; separating, in the well, water from hydrocarbons of the fluid; and reinjecting, from within the well, the separated water such that the separated water is not produced to the surface from which the well extends. Another definition of the method of managing fluid flow in a well in accordance with the present invention comprises generating electricity in the well and operating a pump in the well with the electricity. The present invention also provides a system for managing fluid flow in a well, comprising: a first set of packer s in the well to define a first zone; a first flow control device, the first flow control device disposed between the first set of packers in the well, the first flow control device having a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside the first flow control device, and the first flow control device also having a rotor and a plurality of electromagnetic members such that the rotor and electromagnetic members of the first flow control device selectively operate together as either a generator or a pump; a second set of packers in the well to define a second zone; and a second flow control device, the second flow control device disposed between the second set of packers in the well, the second flow control device having a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside the second flow control device, and the second flow control device also having a rotor and a plurality of electromagnetic members such that the rotor and electromagnetic members of the second flow control device selectively operate together as either a generator or a pump. Therefore, from the foregoing, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved tool and method for managing fluid flow in a well. Other and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art when the following description of the preferred embodiments is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. l illustrates a multi-lateral well in which the tool of the present invention is used 5 FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the tool of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the tool illustrated in FIG. 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION ι o A multi-lateral well illustrating one environment in which the present invention can be used is shown in FIG. l . The well includes a main borehole 2 from which deviated or horizontal laterals 4 and 6 extend. In the illustration, thelateral boreholes 4, 6 are drilled into respective formations. The formation into which the lateral 4 extends contains hydrocarbons 15 mixed with water, and the formation into which the lateral 6 extends has hydrocarbons without significant water. The bottom of the main borehole 2 extends along a horizontal path into yet another formation which does not produce hydrocarbons but into which water can be injected for disposal. 20 The boreholes are drilled and completed in known manner and are not limiting of the present invention; however, the illustration of FIG. 1 provides a convenient way for explaining various aspects of the present invention. Further regarding the boreholes, they can be cased/lined or uncased/unlined as needed and fluid loss measures can be used as needed, all 25 as known in the art; accordingly, none of these details as to the environment are further described or intended to be represented in any particular manner in the drawings. Regarding the equipment illustrated in FIG. 1 , this also is only illustrative of the present invention. It does, however, show one type of implementation for aspects of the method of the present invention. Located in the main borehole 2 is a production string 8. The production string 8 connects to and communicates with a downhole production assembly 10. The downhole production assembly 10 includes a packer 12 of a conventional type which is set in the borehole in known manner. The packer 12 seals the downhole production assembly 10 from the annulus 14 above the packer 12 and outside the production string 8. The downhole production assembly 10 also includes a tool 16a of the present invention. In the environment illustrated in FIG. 1 , the tool 16a meters hydrocarbon production from the lateral 6 intoan axial flow channel communicating with the production string 8. Hydrocarbon production also flows intothe tool 16a through the axial flow channel from thelateral 4. The hydrocarbons from the lateral 4 enter the tool 16a after being separated from water through a separator 18. The separator 18 is of a conventional type (for example, a hydrocyclone separator). It operates in known manner to receive the entire fluid production from the lateral 4 and to separate the water from the hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons flow up through the downhole production assembly 10 and specifically into the axial flow channel of the tool 16a for production to the surface through the production string 8. The water separated by the separator 18 flows down through the illustrated tubing disposed in the main borehole 2 for injection into the formation through a tool 16b of the present invention functioning as a pump. The equipment located in the lateral 4 includes packers 20, 22 between which a tool 16c is connected. The tool 16c operates to meter production received from the formation between the packers 20, 22 out into thelateral 4 communicating with the separator 18. Production into the lateral 4 is also received through a tool iόd receiving production from the formation to the left of the packer 20 as oriented in FIG. l . The tools ι6c, lόd act as meters to control the production of the formation fluids. There is a similar structure in the lateral 6. This structure includes packers 24, 26 and tools ι 6e, ι 6f. These tools control the production of fluid from the adjacent formation into the main borehole 2 for communication through the tool 16a and intothe production string 8. Although the environment and structure illustrated in FIG. 1 are not limiting of the present invention, they do illustrate a method of the present invention. This method is one of managing fluid flow in a well and it comprises: producing a fluid from a subterranean formation into the well, which fluid includes hydrocarbons and water; separating, in the well, water from hydrocarbons of the fluid; and reinjecting, from within the well, the separated water such that the separated water is not produced to the surface from which the well extends. This is implemented in FIG. 1 by the equipment shown in lateral 4, the separator 18 andthe tool i όb. Another aspect of the method is that reinjecting the separated water can be performed by generating electricity in the well, such as by using the tools 16c, ι 6d, l όe or l όfin a manner described below and by operating the tool 16b as a pump in the well with the electricity to pump the separated water. That is, any one or m ore of the tools 16a, 16c, 16 d, 16 e, ι 6f can be used to generate electricity, andthat electricity can be used to drive the tool 16b in a pump mode. If needed, this electricity can be augmented by other power sources, such as from one or more sources at the surface; and, of course, electricity can be totally supplied by other sources in other applications of the tool of the present invention. The illustration of FIG. 1 also shows that the present invention provides a system for managing fluid flow in a well, which system includes multiple sets of packers in the well to define respective production zones and multiple respective flow control devices, at least one of each such tool being disposed between a respective set of packers to control flow either into or out of the formation. Details of the tool 16 of the present inv ention and of the method of the present invention will be further described with reference to the remaining drawings. Each of the tools ι 6a-ι 6f is identical in the illustrated embodiment; however, each can be individually used as a valve or choke, a metering device, a generator or a pump. Thus, each tool 16 is an integrated tool providing a single unified structure but which can be operated in any of several different modes of operation. Broadly, each tool 16 is a flow control device that can be used to control flow in either direction between the annulus or other region outside the tool and an axial flow channel which is always open through the inside of the tool. Each tool can also function as an electric generator. The preferred embodiment of the tool 16 will next be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Each tool 16 has an outer body 28. The preferred embodiment of the outer body is a cylindrical sleeve having an opening 30, or port, defined through the sleeve. There can be one or more such openings. In the illustrated embodiment, such multiple openings would typically be disposed around the same circumference of the sleeve; however, openings can be disposed along the length of the sleeve as well if the interior structure is suitably modified to provide opening and closing control of the various ports. The outer body 28 acts as a stator in that in the illustrated embodiment it is connected into a production string or other equipment which is relatively fixed within the borehole or which otherwise is used as a reference for other actions of the tool 16 described below. The outer body 28 (and other parts of the tool) can be made of any suitable material, such as metal, plastic or ceramic capable of withstanding the pressures, temperatures and substances downhole. The material for the outer body 28 is machined or formed to have a desired shape and size and one or more inner diameters as needed to accommodate other components of the tool. For example, the outer body 28 has interior cavities 32, 34 and 36 for purposes to be described below. The tool 16 also includes a flow control body 38, the positions of which 5 control fluid flow or prevent fluid flow through the port(s) 30. The flow control body 38 is disposed in the outer body 28 such that the flow control body 38 is moveable between a closed position blocking the openings 30 (FIG. 2) and an open position unblocking the openings 30. The term "unblocking" as used in this description and the claims encompasses partially open and o fully open states (FIG. 3 shows fully open state). In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the flow control body 38 is an annular body made of a suitable material providing for a bearing seal as between the body 38 and the body 28 (e.g., metal -to-metal for low pressure differential applications). The height of the annular body is sufficient to 5 overlie the openings 30 when the openings are closed. The flow control body 38 is used in the valve or choke function. It can be positioned to close the ports 30, fully open them, or limit them somewhere in between. Preferably, the flow control body 38 can be moved throughout a continuum between fully closed and fully opened. This last feature of a 0 continuum of openness or closedness enables the preferred embodiment to provide metering. Metering is usedboth with regard to controlling flow rate through the openings 30 as well as providing a signal responsive to the actual flow rate. This sensing feature is implemented in part in the preferred embodiment by a rotor 40. 5 One rotor 40 is illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 2; however, more than one rotor can be used (e.g., stacked rotor flow tubes). Other variations can also be implemented (e.g., longer flow tubes and other variations in size, different angles of turbine vanes (which vanes are described below), multiple stacked turbine vanes, etc.). 0 The rotor 40 provides an interface with the fluid whereby the rotcr is driven by or drives the fluid relative to fluid flow through the openings 30. The rotcr 40 is used to convert fluid flow to mechanical power or vice versa. The rotor 40 is connected to the flow control body 38. This connection is such that as the flow control body 38 opens the ports 30, either flow into (or out of) the ports 30 impinges the rotor to rotate it or fluid pumped by the rotor is communicated through the ports 30. In one embodiment, the connection between the rotor 40 and the flow control body 38 is such that both move linearly and rotate together. In another embodiment, joint linear movement occurs but the rotor 40 can rotate relative to the flow control body 38 (e.g., by a sealed bearing coupling). The rotor 40 has two degrees of motion. It can rotate about its longitudinal axis as referred to above. The rotcr 40 can also move linearly or axially within the outer body 28. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, this linear movement occurs simultaneously with and in conjunction with the longitudinal movement of the flow control body 38. As illustrated in FIG. 2 , the flow control body 38 and the rotor 40 are linearly disposed and adjoin each other within the outer body 28. The rotcr 40 of the illustrated preferred embodiment has a cylindrical squirrel cage configuration comprising a plurality of angled vanes 42 circumferentially spaced such that spaces are between the vanes to permit radial fluid flow between the inside and the outside of the rotor 40 and such that an axial channel is defined through the rotor to permit axial flow through it as well as through the tool 16. The rotor 40 is used to provide other features of the preferred embodiment, namely the generator and the pump. In the generator function, the rotor is rotated by fluid flowing into or out of the tool 16 through open ports 30. The resulting mechanical power of the rotor 40 is usedto generate electricity as explained further below. In the pump mode, the rotor 40 is rotated electromagnetically to pump fluid either in through the ports 30 from outside the tool 16 or, by being rotated in the opposite direction, to pump fluid from the axial flow channel of the tool 16 out through the ports 30. As mentioned above, the rotor 40 and the flow control body 38 are connected such that they can be moved linearly within the outer body 28. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, this movement is caused by an actuator 44. Preferably, the actuator 44 is able to linearly move the flow control body 38 and the rotor 40 to variably adjust the opening of the ports 30 to provide ' nfinite" flow control (i.e., control throughout the continuum between fully closed and fully opened). The actuator 44 is mounted on the sleeve of the outer body 28 and is coupled to a mandrel 46 linking the actuator 44 with the rotor 40. Operation of the actuator 44 moves the mandrel 46, the rotor 40 and the flow control body 38 axially within the sleeve 28 to displace the flow control body 38 and the rotor 40 relative to the openings 30. In one implementation, the actuator 44 includes a motor 48 mounted in the cavity 36 of the sleeve of the outer body 28. The motor 48 includes a rotating element 48a having a threaded inner surface which engages a threaded outer surface of a ring 50 axially fixed by retaining rings 52, 54 relative to linear movement of the mandrel 46 but rotatively coupled on the mandrel such that the mandrel 46 can rotate inside the ring 50. To obtain axial movement, the ring is maintained (e.g., fixed or by clutch, such as electromagnetic or magnetic, that sets the relative movement relationship between the ring 50 and the motor 48) rotationally stationary relative to the motor 48 element so that energized stator 48b - driven rotation of the motor 48 element drives the ring 50 and the mandrel 46 up or down; however, preferably disengagement or other stoppage is provided for at limits of travel. Another way to actuate thelin ear movement inside the outer body 28 is by manually shifting it with something external to the tool 16. For example, a separate downhole shifter can be connected to either end of the inner assembly of thetool iό and operated to mechanically pull or push the inner assembly . Linear actuation can also occur in response to surface actions such as through a connecting wireline, slickline, coil tubing or other pipe or tubing string, for example. When the actuator 44 has moved the flow control body 38 to an open position, operation of an electromagnetic assembly 56 of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 becomes effective. The assembly 56 provides an electrical interface which converts mechanical power to electricity or vice versa. In one operating state, the electromagnetic assembly 56 generates electricity in response to fluid -induced rotation of the rotor 40; and in another operating state, the electromagnetic assembly 56 rotates the rotcr 40 in response to electricity applied to the electromagnetic assembly 56. The electromagnetic assembly 56 includes the mandrel 46 that provides a support for a plurality of electrical windings 58, a plurality of pole pieces 60 and a commutator 62, which are also part of the electromagnetic assembly . The mandrel 46 of the preferred embodiment is a sleeve having an axial flow passage defined through it. The mandrel 46 is connected to the rotcr 40; in the illustrated embodiment the mandrel and the rotor are integral and unitary, being constructed with the same tubing piece. The mandrel 46 is also coupled to the actuator as described above. The plurality of electrical windings 58 are wound on the mandrel 46. The plurality of pole pieces 60 are disposed radially outwardly of the windings 58 so that the pole pieces overlie the windings 58. The commutator 62, or brush ring, is mounted on the mandrel 46. The commutator 62 is connected to the electrical windings in known manner so that one end of the windings is connected to one (or more electrically parallel) segments of the commutator 62 and the other end of the winding is connected to another (or more electrically parallel) segments of the commutator 62. The commutator 62 is made of suitable electrically conductive material. The electromagnetic assembly 56 also includes a plurality of magnets 64 mounted on the outer body 28 such that the magnets 64 interact with electromagnetic fields generated with the electrical windings 58. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of FIG. 2 , the magnets 64 are disposed around an inner circumference defined by the cavity 32 of the sleeve of the outer body 28. The position of the cavity 32, and thus of the magnets within the cavity 32, is such that the magnets 64 and the pole pieces 60 are substantially aligned throughout the linear travel of the inner assembly of the tool 16. The electromagnetic assembly 56 also includes a plurality of contacts 66 mounted on the outer body 28. In the illustrated embodiment, the contacts 66 are electrically conductive members referred to as brushes disposed in the cavity 34 such that the brushes overlie and engage respective segments of the commutator 62. The contacts 66 provide the interface to external wires 68, 70. Electricity generated by the present invention is communicated over the wires 68, 70. This electricity can be used for sensing flow and for providing output power. The contacts 66 also provide the interface through which power is input to the commutator 62 and the windings 58 when the tool 16 is driven in the pump mode. The electrical contacts 66 are disposed around an inner circumference of the sleeve 28 such that the brushes are spaced longitudinally from the magnets 64. At least one brush contacts one section of the commutator connected to one end of the windings 58, and at least another contact brush 66 contacts a different section of the commutator 62 connected to the other end of the win dings 58. The brushes 66 and the commutator 62 are sized sufficiently so that electrical contact is made throughout the linear movement of the inner assembly of the tool 16. To keep the fluid within the rotcr section of the inner assembly and to isolate the electrical components of the electromagnetic assembly 56 from the fluid, the preferred embodiment of the tool 16 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes three seals. An O-ring seal 72 is mounted in a groove defined around an end of the flow control body 38 opposite the end of the flow control body connected to the rotcr 40. This places the O-ring seal 72 on one side (above in the orientation of FIG. 2) of the openings 30. The seal 72 seals between the flow control body 38 and the inner surface of the outer body 28. An O-ring seal 74 is mounted in a groove of the mandrel 46 near the juncture of therotcr 40 andthe mandrel 46. The seal 74 seals between the mandrel 46 and the inner surface of the outer body 28 between the cavity 32 and the ports 30. Thisplaces the seal 74 below the openings 30, and thus on the opposite side of the openings 30 from the seal 72 , for the orientation shown in FIG. 2. A third O-ring seal 76 is mounted in a groove on the mandrel 46 between the commutator 62 and the upper retaining ring 52 of the actuator 44. This provides a seal against the inner surface of the outer body 28 between the cavities 34, 36. The tool 16 can be operated remotely and it can provide generated electricity remotely ; however, the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2 has an on -board controller 78 housed within the body of the sleeve of the outer body 28. The controller 78 is of any suitable type to provide the necessary control and signal process associated with the operation of the tool 16. One implementation can include a microprocessor; however, other types of digital or analog controllers can be used. Regardless of the specific controller used, in the preferred embodiment the controller 78 receives electricity from the wires 68, 70 (and any others used with additional contact brushes 66). A characteristic (e.g., magnitude, frequency) of this electricity can be correlated to flow rate through the openings 30 that generates the sensed electricity, and thereby indicate the size of the orifice defined by the degree of openness of the ports 30. The controller 78 can also provide for power conversion (e.g., transformer, alternating current to direct current conversion) and energy storage (e.g., battery recharging). The controller 78 can also contain suitable electrical sources (e.g., batteries) and drive circuitry for energizing the windings 58 to drive the rotcr 40 as a pump, or such energization can come from an external source. In addition to the foregoing, the tool 16 can include or be used with other equipment, such as pressure and temperature sensors. As mentioned above, the tool 16 can be used in either a generator mode or a pump mode to manage fluid flow in a well, such as the well illustrated in FIG. 1. Operating the flow control device 16 in the generator mode includes at least partially unblocking the openings 3 o in the flow control device such that fluid in the annulus outside the device 16 flows through the openings 30 into the flow channel inside the flow control device (or vice versa). This is performed in the illustrated preferred embodiment tool 16 by operating the motcr 48 to move the ring so linearly. This moves the rotor 40 and the electromagnetic members axially within the body of the flow control device. Operation of the motcr 48 occurs through the controller 78 connected by electrical conductor cable 80 (FIG. 2) in the illustrated preferred embodiment. The controller 78 can have an internal timer by which it is programmed to respond in preset hardware or software implemented time intervals; or an external signal of any suitable and detectable type (e.g., acoustic, pressure, electromagnetic, radioactive, mechanical) can be applied to cause the controller 78 to turn the motor 48 on and off. Feedback can be provided through the metering function of the present invention in that as the motcr 48 shifts the inner assembly of the tool 16, the controller 78 can monitor the resulting electricity that is generated in response to fluid flow through the rotcr 40. When the electrical signal indicates the desired electrical parameter or flow rate is being achieved, the motor 48 can be de- energized to stop the linear movement of the inner assembly of the tool i ό. Thus, additional aspects of operating the flow control device 16 in a generator mode include driving the rotcr 40 of the flow control device with the flowing fluid, rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members with the rotcr 40 such that electricity is generated, and conducting the electricity from the flow control device. This last step is achieved using the commutator 62, the contact brushes 66, and the wires 68, 70 in the illustrated embodiment. The generator mode can also include sensing the generated electricity to determine a fluid flow parameter of fluid flowing through the opening. That is, as the electricity is generated, the controller 78 senses it through the conductors 68, 70 and determines the correlation between the electricity that hasbeen generated and the flow rate, for example. This can be by way of a look-up table in the controller 78, a mathematical formula that is used in a software implemented computation, or whatever technique is suitable to correlate the electrical signal with the flow rate of the fluid or the position of the flow control body 38. This provides the feedback signal referred to above in controlling how far the motor 48 axially moves the inner assembly of the tool 16. Thus, operating in the generator mode can also include controlling the step of at least partially unblocking the opening in the flow control device in response to the sensed electricity. Operating the flow control device 16 in the pump mode includes at least partially unblocking the openings 30 in the flow control device so that pumping can occur in either direction between inside and outside of the outer body 28 of the tool 16. The pump mode further includes conducting suitable electricity to the flow control device. This is provided through wires 68, 70 and brushes 66 in the illustrated embodiment. The plurality of electromagnetic members are rotated in response to the electricity, and the rotcr 40 is driven with the rotating electromagnetic members such that the driven rotor pumps fluid between (i.e., in one direction or the other) the interior flow channel of the tool 16 and the outer annulus outside the tool 16. The electricity can be controlled such that the rotcr 40 can be rotated in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction. In one direction, the rotcr 40 pumps fluid from inside the tool 16 out through the open ports 30 into the annulus. This can be used to pump fluid back into the formation such as with the tool 16b in FIG. 1. If the rotcr is rotated in the other direction, pumping occurs from the annulus, through the ports 30, into the axial flow channel of the tool 16. This can be useful such as in drawing down the adjacent formation. Another aspect of the operation of the present invention is in moving theflow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members together to selectively block or unblock the opening. As explained above, these are moved together axially within the outer body 28 of the illustrated tool 16. The axial movement occurs in response to any suitable force which can be internally generated or externally applied. Regarding the former, the motor 48 can be energized to drive the inner assembly up and down within the sleeve of the outer body 28. Movement can also occur by applying to the inner assembly a longitudinal mechanical force originated outside such as via an external linear actuator or a surface coupling as described above. The linear or axial movement of the inner assembly can occur in either direction so that the ports can be opened or closed. This movement can also be used within any one tool in conjunction with either generating electricity or providing a pumping function as described above. That is, any one tool 16 can be usedas a valve or choke, a meter, a generator or a pump. Thus, the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherent therein. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for the purpose of this disclosure, changes in the construction and arrangement of parts and the performance of steps can be made by those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the spirit of this invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: l . A tool for a well, comprising: an outer body having an opening defined in a side wall of the body; a flow control body disposed in the outer body such that the flow control body is movable between a closed position blocking the opening in the outer body and an open position unblocking the opening in the outer body; and a rotcr connected to the flow control body and disposed in the outer body such that the rotcr can rotate within the outer body in response to a force applied to the rotor. 2. The tool as defined in claim l , wherein the rotor moves in response to movement of the flow control body between the closed position and the open position. 3. The tool as denned in claim 1 , further comprising an actuator disposed in the outer body to move the flow control body linearly between the closed position and the open position. 4. The tool as defined in claim 3, wherein the rotcr moves linearly with the flow control body. 5. The tool as defined in claim 4, wherein the flow control body rotates with therotcr. 6. The tool as defined in claim 3, wherein the outer body, the flow control body, the rotor, and the actuator define an axial flow channel through the tool. 7. The tool as defined in claim 3, wherein: the flow control body and the rotor are linearly disposed within the outer body; and the tool further comprises: a first seal, the first seal disposed adjacent an end of the flow control body opposite the rotcr; and a second seal, the second seal disposed adjacent an end of the rotcr opposite the flow control body. 8. The tool as defined in claim 1 , wherein the outer body, the flow control body, and the rot or define a flow channel through the tool. 9. The tool as defined in claim 1 , further comprising an electromagnetic assembly having a first operating state wherein the electromagnetic assembly generates electricity in response to fluid-induced rotation of therotcr. 10. The tool as defined in claim 9, wherein the electromagnetic assembly has a second operating state wherein the electromagnetic assembly rotates the rotcr in response to electricity applied to the electromagnetic assembly. 11. The tool as defined in claim 9 , wherein: the electromagnetic assembly includes a support connected to the rotcr, a plurality of electrical windings mounted on the support, and a commutator mounted on the support and connected to the electrical windings; and the tool further comprises an actuator coupled to the support to move the support, the rotcr, and the flow control body linearly within the outer body. 12. The tool as defined in claim n , wherein the electromagnetic assembly further includes; a plurality of magnets mounted on the outer body such that the magnets interact with electromagnetic fields generated with the electrical windings; and a plurality of con tacts mounted on the outer body in engagement with the commutator. 13. The tool as defined in claim 12, wherein the electromagnetic assembly has a second operating state wherein the electromagnetic assembly rotates the rotcr in response to electricity applied to the electromagnetic assembly. 14. The tool as defined in claim 13, wherein: the flow control body, the rotcr and the support are linearly disposed within the outer body; and the tool further comprises: a first seal, the first seal disposed adjacent an end of the flow control body opposite the rotcr; and a second seal, the second seal disposed between the rotcr and the electrical windings on the support. 15. The tool as defined in claim 14, wherein the outer body, the flow control body, the rotcr, and the support define an axial flow channel through the tool. 16. The tool as defined in claim 1 , wherein: the flow control body and the rotcr are linearly disposed within the outer body; and the tool further comprises: a first seal, the first seal disposed adjacent an end of the flow control body opposite the rotcr; and a second seal, the second seal disposed adjacent an end of the rotcr opposite the flow control body. 17. The tool as defined in claim 16, wherein the outer body, the flow control body, and the rotcr define an axial flow channel through the tool. 18. A tool for a well, comprising: a cylindrical sleeve having an opening defined through the sleeve; a plurality of permanent magnets disposed around a first inner circumference of the sleeve; a plurality of electrical contact brushes disposed around a second inner circumference of the sleeve such that the brushes are spaced longitudinally from the magnets; an annular flow control body disposed inside the sleeve adjacent the opening; a cylindrical rotor connected to the flow control body and disposed inside the sleeve, the rotcr including a plurality of angled vanes circumferentially spaced such that spaces are between the vanes to permit radial fluid flow between the inside and the outside of the rotcr and such that an axial channel is denned through the rotcr to permit axial flow through the rotcr; a mandrel connected to the rotcr and disposed in the sleev e, the mandrel having an axial flow passage defined therethrough; a plurality of electrical windings mounted on the mandrel; a plurality of pole pieces mounted on the windings and aligned with the magnets; and a commutator connected to the windings and mounted on the mandrel such that at least a first one of the brushes contacts a first section of the commutator and at least a second one of the brushes contacts a second section of the commutator. 19. The tool as defined in claim 18, further comprising an actuator mounted on the sleeve and coupled to the mandrel such that operation of the actuator moves the mandrel, the rotcr and the flow control body axially within the sleeve to displace the flow control body relative to the opening through the sleeve. 20. The tool as defined in claim 19, further comprising: a first seal, the first seal mounted on the flow control body on a first side of the opening to seal between the flow control body and the sleeve; and a second seal, the second seal mounted between the rotcr and the windings on a second side of the opening to seal against the sleev e. 21. The tool as defined in claim 20, further comprising a third seal mounted on the mandrel between the commutator and the actuator to seal against the sleeve. 22. The tool as defined in claim 18, wherein the actuator includes: a motor mounted on the sleeve, the motor having a rotating element having a threaded inner surface; and a ring axially fixed but rotatively coupled on the mandrel, the ring having a threaded outer surface engaging the threaded inner surface of the rotating element of the motcr. 23. A method of managing fluid flow in a well in which a flow control device is located, the flow control device having a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside the flow control device, and the flow control device also having a rotor and a plurality of electromagnetic members, the method comprising operating the flow control device in either a generator mode or a pump mode, wherein: the step of operating the flow control device in the generator mode includes: at least partially unblocking the opening in the flow control device such that fluid in the annulus flows through the opening; driving the rotcr of the flow control device with the flowing fluid; rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members of the flow control device with the rotcr such that electricity is generated; and conducting the electricity from the flow control device; and the step of operating the flow control device in the pump mode includes: at least partially unblocking the opening in the flow control device; conducting electricity to the flow control device; rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members in response to the electricity; and driving the rotcr with the rotating electromagnetic members such that the driven rotcr pumps fluid through the opening. 24. The method as defined in claim 23, wherein the step of operating the flow control device in a generator mode further includes sensing the generated electricity to determine a fluid flow parameter of fluid flowing through the opening. 25. The method as defined in claim 24, wherein the step of operating the flow control device in a generator mode further includes controlling the step of at least partially unblocking the opening in the flow control device in response to the sensed electricity. 26. The method as defined in claim 25, wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the opening includes moving the rotcr and electromagnetic members axially within thebody of theflow control device. 27. The method as defined in claim 23 , wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the opening includes moving the rotcr and electromagnetic members axially within thebody of theflow control device. 28. A method of managing fluid flow in a well in which a flow control device is located, the flow control device having a body in which an opening is defined between an annulus outside the body and a flow channel inside theflow control device, and the flow control device also having a flow control body adjacent the opening, a rotcr, and a plurality of electromagnetic members, the method comprising the step of moving the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members together to selectiv ely block or unblock the opening. 29. The method as defined in claim 28, wherein the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members are moved axially within thebody of the flow control device. 30. The method as defined in claim 28, wherein the step of moving the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members includes energizing a motor coupled in the flow control device to the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members. 31. The method as defined in claim 28, wherein the step of moving the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members includes applying to the flow control body, the rotcr, and the electromagnetic members a longitudinal mechanical force originated outside the flow control device. 32. The method as denned in claim 28, further comprising the steps of: driving the rotcr of the flow control device with fluid from the annulus flowing through the opening into the flow channel inside the flow control device; rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members of the flow control device with the rotcr such that electricity is generated; and conducting the electricity from the flow control device. 33. The method as defined in claim 32, further comprising, at a different time from driving the rotcr with fluid from the annulus, the steps of: conducting electricity to the flow control device; rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members in response to the electricity conducted to the flow control device; and driving the rotor with the rotating electromagnetic members such that the driven rotor pumps fluid from the flow channel of the flow control device to the annulus. 34. The method as defined in claim 28, further comprising: conducting electricity to the flow control device; rotating the plurality of electromagnetic members in response to the electricity; and driving the rotcr with the rotating electromagnetic members such that the driven rotcr pumps fluid from the flow channel of the flow control device to the annulus when the opening is unblocked. 35. A method of managing fluid flow in a well, comprising the steps of: producing a fluid from a subterranean formation into the well, the fluid including hy drocarbons and water; separating, in the well, water from hydrocarbons of the fluid; and reinjecting, from within the well, the separated water such that the separated water is not produced to the surface from which the well extends. 36. The method as defined in claim 35, wherein the step of reinjecting the separated water includes: generating electricity in the well; and operating a pump in the well with the electricity, thereby pumping the separated water. 37. The method as defined in claim 36, wherein the step of generating electricity in the well includes: at least partially unblocking a first opening in a first flow control device having a first body in which the first opening is defined between a first annulus outside the first body and a first flow channel inside the first flow control device, thereby allowing fluid to flow through the first opening, the first flow control device also having a first rotcr and a first plurality of electromagnetic members; driving the first rotcr with the flowing fluid; rotating the first plurality of electromagnetic members with the first rotor such that electricity is generated; and conducting the electricity from the first flow control device to operate the pump. 38. The method as defined in claim 37, wherein the step of operating a pump includes: at least partially unblocking a second opening in a seccnd flow control device having a second body in which the second opening is defined between a second annulus outside the seccnd body and a second flow channel inside the second flow control device, and the second flow control device also having a seccnd rotcr and a second plurality of electromagnetic members; conducting the electricity to the second flow control device from the first flow control device; rotating the second plurality of electromagnetic members in response to the electricity; and driving the second rotor with the rotating seccnd plurality of electromagnetic members such that the driven second rotcr pumps the separated water between the second flow channel and the second annulus. 39. The method as defined in claim 38, wherein the step of generating electricity further includes sensing the generated electricity of the first flow control device to determine a fluid flow parameter of fluid flowing through the first opening. 40. The method as defined in claim 39, wherein the step of generating electricity further includes controlling the step of at least partially unblocking the opening in the first flow control device in response to the sensed electricity. 41. The method as defined in claim 40, wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the first opening includes moving the first rotcr and first plurality of electromagnetic members axially within the first body, and wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the second opening includes moving the second rotor and second plurality of electromagnetic members axially within the second body. 42. The method as defined in claim 37 , wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the first opening includes moving the first rotcr and first plurality of electromagnetic members axially within the first body. 43. A method of managing fluid flow in a well, the method comprising the steps of: generating electricity in the well; and operating a pump in the well with the electricity. 44. The method as defined in claim 43, wherein the step of generating electricity in the well includes: at least partially unblocking a first opening in a first flow control device having a first body in which the first opening is defined between a first annulus outside the first body and a first flow channel inside the first flow control device, thereby allowing fluid to flow through the first opening, the first flow control device also having a first rotcr and a first plurality of electromagnetic members; driving the first rotcr with the flowing fluid; rotating the first plurality of electromagnetic members with the first rotcr such that electricity is generated; and conducting the electricity from the first flow control device to operate the pump. 45. The method as defined in claim 44, wherein the step of operating a pump includes: at least partially unblocking a second opening in a second flow control device having a second body in which the second opening is defined between a second annulus outside the second body and a second flow channel inside the second flow control device, and the second flow control device also having a second rotcr and a seccnd plurality of electromagnetic members; conducting the electricity to the second flow control device from the first flow control device; 0 rotating the second plurality of electromagnetic members in response i l to the electricity; and 12 driving the second rotcr with the rotating seccnd plurality of 13 electromagnetic members. 1 46. The method as defined in claim 45, wherein the step of 2 generating electricity further includes sensing the generated electricity of 3 the first flow control device to determine a fluid flow parameter of fluid 4 flowing through the first opening. 1 47. The method as defined in claim 46, wherein the step of 2 generating electricity further includes controlling the step of at least 3 partially unblocking the opening in the first flow control device in response 4 to the sensed electricity. 1 48. The method as defined in claim 47 , wherein the step of at least 2 partially unblocking the first opening includes moving the first rotcr and 3 first plurality of electromagnetic members axially within thefirst body, and 4 wherein the step of at least partially unblocking the seccnd opening includes 5 moving the seccnd rotcr and second plurality of electromagnetic members 6 axially within the seccnd body. 1 49. The method as defined in claim 44, wherein the step of at least 2 partially unblocking the first opening includes moving the first rotcr and 3 first plurality of electromagnetic members axially within the first body. 50. A system for managing fluid flow in a well, comprising: a first set of packers in the well to define a first zone; a first flow control device, the first flow control device disposed between the first set of packers in the well, the first flow control device having a first body in which a first opening is defined between a first annulus outside the first body and a first flow channel inside the first flow control device, and the first flow control device also having a first rotcr and a first plurality of electromagnetic members such that the first rotcr and first electromagnetic members selectively operate together as either a first generator or a first pump; a second set of packer s in the well to define a second zone; and a seccnd flow control device, the second flow control device disposed between the second set of packers in the well, the second flow control device having a second body in which a second opening is defined between a seccnd annulus outside the second body and a second flow channel inside the second flow control device, and the seccnd flow control device also having a second rotcr and a seccnd plurality of electromagnetic members such that the second rotcr and second electromagnetic members selectively operate together as either a second generator or a second pump. 51. The system as defined in claim 50, wherein thefirst flow control device includes a first actuator to move a first flow control body adjacent the first opening, and wherein the second flow control device includes a second actuator to move a second flow control body adjacent the second opening. 52. The system as defined in claim 51 , wherein the first actuator moves the first flow control body, first rotcr and first electromagnetic members together axially within the first flow control device to selectively block and unblock thefirst opening, and wherein the second actuator moves the second flow control body, second rotcr and second electromagnetic members together axially within the second flow control device to selectively block and unblock the second opening.

Inventors: SCHWENDEMANN KENNETH L, TOWERS DARRIN N, SCHWENDEMANN, KENNETH, L., TOWERS, DARRIN, N.
Applicants: HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERV INC, HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: E21B43
IPC codes: E21B41, E21B43