IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ASSEMBLIES OF TEETH OF EARTH MOVING MACHINES

Abstract: The improvements provide for the lugs of the tooth to have stepped guides at the top and bottom which combine with widened end regions for greater reinforcement and with a projecting internal abutment in at least one of said lugs, capable of being guided in a corresponding straight guide of the tooth holder, being arranged, after it is mounted, so as to retain the pin from behind, which pin is arranged in a pin seating arranged generally vertically in the body of the tooth holder, with a gently curved and inclined structure.

Description: The present invention relates to improvements introduced into couplings of the type defined in the pre-characterising portion of claim 1. Such a coupling is known from the document US-A-5 386 653 (see the embodiment described with reference to Figs. 1-4 and column 3, lines 31-38). In particular, the couplings of the present invention will be applicable to loading and excavating machines in their various versions and types, although, more widely, they will be applicable to all earth-moving machines which have a working bucket provided with a rim having exchangeable teeth intended to cut into the earth which is to be worked. The present invention is intended to provide appreciable functional improvements in the coupling part of the tooth and the tooth holder, providing greater strength and reinforcing the coupling region of the lugs of the tooth, eliminating possible concentrations of stresses. It is also possible to increase the surfaces resisting vertical stresses, and in general a greater penetration is achieved. Similarly, the seating of the pin is arranged in the body of the tooth-holder and not in the nose of the tooth, as is customary, its arrangement being generally vertical and on one side of said body of the tooth-holder, being able to be straight or having a slight curvature. In a front view, the seating will customarily be inclined outwards, since it follows the course of the lateral surfaces of said body. Moreover, the seating has chamfers on the inlet edges in order to improve the mounting of the pin, especially in the course of work in the field. US Patent nº 5386653 refers to tooth assemblies having a tip with ears extending rearwardly therefrom to mate with corresponding slots in an adapter. The ears have opposed edge surfaces that are angled one relative to the other, provisions being made for the possibility that the edge surfaces could have stepped edges. US Patent nº 1775984 refers to a dipper teeth disclosing the combination of a tooth support having a shank receiving socket and projections extending forwardly from the sides of the socket together with reinforcing webs on the support extending from the sides of the projections and a tooth having a shank extending into the socket and recesses to receive the projections. WO-A-92/19822 refers to an assembly of tooth and tooth carrier for rippers in which the cavity in the tooth carrier has frustopyramidal form with a rip or groove of the shank of the tooth carrier to mate with a corresponding groove or rip in the cavity of the tooth. The applicant's own document WO-A-00/1897 (& EP-A-1096073) (cf. the embodiment according to Figs. 30, 34, 41, 42), which is relevant as prior art under Article 54(3) EPC, discloses a coupling having the features 1(a)-1(e) of the coupling as defined in claim 1 of the present application. US Patent nº 5423138 discloses tooth assemblies having a tip attached to an adapter, the tip having a cavity with a load bearing bottom surface and parallel spaced apart loading surfaces adjacent thereto. US Patent nº 4404760 discloses an excavating tooth in which the coupling between the point and the adapter is achieved through an external lock to convert lateral point unseating forces from shear to compression. According to the invention, there is provided a coupling as set out in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the coupling according to the present invention are subject-matter of the dependent claims 2-11. For greater understanding thereof, explanatory drawings of a preferred embodiment of the present invention are appended in which : Figure 1 is a perspective view of an assembly of tooth and tooth holder which incorporates the present invention. Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of the same assembly as in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan view of the same assembly as in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through the plane indicated. Figure 5 shows a section through a horizontal plane, as indicated in Figure 2. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the tooth holder of the present invention. Figure 7 is a plan view of the coupling end of the tooth holder. Figure 8 is a front perspective view of the tooth. Figure 9 is a rear perspective view of the same tooth. Figures 10 to 14 show cross sections of the assembly of tooth and tooth holder according to the section planes indicated in Figure 2. Figure 15 is a view of the tooth holder in side elevation. Figure 16 shows a section through a horizontal plane of the tooth holder indicated in Figure 15. Figures 17 and 18 show cross sections through the planes indicated in Figure 15. Figures 19 and 20 show respective perspective views of alternative embodiments of the tooth holder according to the present invention. Figure 21 shows a diagrammatic longitudinal section through a tooth holder according to the invention, showing a completely mounted pin. Figure 22 is a view in side elevation of a tooth holder according to the present invention, showing the seatings or guides for the tooth in a through arrangement, that is to say, opening into the end of the nose of the tooth holder. Figure 23 shows a cross section through a tooth holder with lugs of the tooth having a transversely curved shape. Figures 24, 25 and 26 respectively show a perspective view, a view in front elevation and a view in side elevation of the pin. Figure 27 shows a longitudinal section through the assembly of tooth and tooth holder, showing the pin in section. As can be observed in the figures, the assembly of tooth and tooth holder, once mounted, has the structure shown in Figures 1 to 5, in which can be seen the tooth holder 1 and the tooth 2, coupled to each other, and the lateral lugs 3 and 4 which are introduced into respective seatings of the tooth holder 1, the constitution of which will be explained in detail, and likewise there will be observed the upper opening 5 for the fixing pin for the tooth and tooth holder. The seating of the pin, the general orientation of which is vertical, has, in detail, a structure in which there stands out a slight curvature and a slightly inclined arrangement, as will be observed in a front view, with a trajectory substantially parallel to the lateral outer surface of the nose of the tooth holder. The aforesaid arrangement will be noted especially in Figure 11, in which there is also to be observed the arrangement of an upper chamfer 6, intended to improve the introduction of the pin. The arrangement of the seating 5 of the pin in the body 1 of the tooth holder and not in the nose makes it possible to obtain greater robustness of the latter and removes the pin from the area of attack of the assembly, protecting it in great measure against wear. The generally vertical arrangement of the seating of the pin facilitates its mounting and disassembly, while its possible inclination and curvature allow the pin to be retained in the guide, being trapped from behind by the abutment provided at the end of one of the lugs, as will be explained hereinafter. Similarly, the curvature of the seating removes the hole from the front end wall, avoiding the creation of weak areas subject to breakage. The constitution of the seating of the pin and the securing of the tooth make it possible to design the pin with a length shorter than that of the seating, so that the ends are not flush with the body of the tooth holder, which reduces the wear on the pin and reduces impacts, avoiding not only deterioration but also the possibility of loss of the pin, as occurs in some cases at present. As will be understood, although the constitution of the pin and its seating will comply with the preferred version which has been described, the seating could have no curvature, being completely straight, or have a curvature in the opposite direction to that shown. Similarly, the inclination of the seating in a lateral direction could be reduced or eliminated. Moreover, the seating may be arranged on one side or the other of the tooth holder or simultaneously on both sides for applications where the work is very hard. A second pin could also be incorporated in order to ensure the securing of the tooth in the tooth holder and increase the stability and robustness. The lugs 3 and 4 of the tooth are housed in lateral cavities of the tooth holder which are preferably slightly inclined, one of them being indicated by the number 7 in Figure 6. The lugs 3 and 4 preferably have an inclination which corresponds to the course of the lateral walls of the tooth holder, that is to say, as can be observed in the figures, a transverse inclination according to which the upper edges are arranged further towards the interior than the lower edges. That is to say, an inclination which corresponds to a certain rotation of the lugs on their longitudinal axes so that the upper edges and the lower edges of the lugs are in different vertical planes. If desired, said angle of inclination may be zero. Said cavities have a stepped section, combining different types of flat, curved and other surfaces. It determines the lateral partition walls 8 and 9 which in turn have respective steps 10 and 11 for joining to widened abutment regions 12 and 13 which preferably have a curvature such as that indicated by the number 14, corresponding to the lower part, but which could also form a wide inclined plane or a straight step or other suitable shape to widen the bearing area. Into the cavity 7, which corresponds to the seating 5 for the pin, the wall of the seating for the pin, as can be observed in Figure 6. Similarly, in the front part 15 and in the rear part 16 of the cavity 7 there are respective aligned seatings 17 and 18 which constitute a straight guide intended to permit the passage of the end abutment 20 of the lug of the tooth, for retention of the pin which passes through the tooth holder. The length of the groove formed by the passages 17 and 18 may be less than the total length of the nose or projection 19 intended to fit together with the tooth holder, in order in this way to obtain a greater useful section and, therefore, greater strength. Nevertheless, as shown in Figure 22, the tooth holder 43 may have a seating 44 to receive the tooth of the tooth holder which is of the through type, that is to say, which opens into the end of the nose or rear projection 45. The lateral abutment projection for guiding the tooth in the tooth holder, provided on one of the lateral lugs, for example the lug 3, has been shown in Figure 10, in which can be observed said abutment 20, which is introduced into the guide provided in the lateral seating cavity of the tooth holder. The precise shape of the nose 19 may be varied without this affecting the constitution of the actual coupling part between the tooth and the tooth holder, which basically affects the lugs 3 and 4, as well as their corresponding seatings and the seating for the pin in a special arrangement in the body of the tooth holder. Thus, for example, the seatings of the lugs, which have a certain inclination in the example shown, could have no inclination or could be perpendicular to the base or arched. Similarly, the internal stepped shape of the lugs and of the matching cavities of the tooth holders could be a combination of two different surfaces, for example, flat/flat or flat/curved, curved/curved or of some other type. Provision could also be made for the cavities not to have a stepped shape, with a single surface which may be flat or rounded. Alternatively, the cavities may have a right-angled shape and the guide for the tooth in the tooth holder could be arranged on one side or the other or on both simultaneously. It will also be understood that the guide for the tooth in the tooth holder, the length of which is preferably limited to only a part of the length of the nose of the tooth holder, could also extend for the entirety thereof. The lugs 3 and 4 of the tooth are composed of stepped guides and curved regions. In Figure 9 can be seen, for example for the lug 4, the stepped guides 21 and 22, and also the curved end regions 23 and 24. The lugs are slightly inclined parallel to the lateral surfaces of the nose of the tooth holder, and during the mounting of the tooth are fitted into the lateral cavities thereof. The stepped guides, such as those indicated by the numbers 21 and 22, are a combination of flat surfaces. One of the lugs, which has been indicated in the drawings by the number 3, has a transverse aperture 25 for inspecting the introduction of the pin and for facilitating its disassembly by means of the introduction of a tool. According to the present invention, the stepped guides are intended to guide the mounting of the tooth in the tooth holder and to stabilize the assembly. The abutment 20 provided at the end of one of the lugs is intended to retain the pin by its rearward part. The curved regions, such as those indicated by the numbers 23 and 24, serve to reinforce the lug against vertical stresses on increasing the flat surface and the section, distributing the vertical stresses better. Moreover, with regard to the specific shape of the lugs, provision may be made for abutments to be arranged on both in the case of a double guide providing for the coupling of two pins, as in the version shown in Figures 17 and 18, in which the nose 26 of the tooth holder has two lateral guides 27 and 28 for respective pins housed in the respective pin seatings 29 and 30. Figure 19 shows an alternative embodiment of a tooth holder 31 with a coupling projection or nose 32, which has the end appendage 33 of substantially square or rectangular prismatic shape, having longitudinal ribs 34 and 35 as well as grooves 36 which are not of the through type, the remainder of the tooth holder corresponding essentially to the features of the invention as shown especially in Figure 6. Figure 20 shows a further alternative embodiment 37, in which the rear projection or nose 38 has an appendage 39 having a substantially hexagonal section with straight ribs 40 and 41 on the sides. One of the lateral grooves has also been shown, indicated by the number 42, the remainder of the tooth holder corresponding to the present invention according to the versions previously indicated. Figure 21 shows a tooth holder 46 having a pin seating generally arranged as explained previously, indicated by the number 47, and corresponding in this case to a curved version of arched shape in the interior of which is housed the pin 48 carrying a centring and retaining addition 49 supported by a resilient block 50 and the frontal expansion of which introduces the retaining means partially into the guide groove 51. Figure 23 shows a version in which the tooth holder body 52 has coupled to it the lugs 53 and 54 of the tooth, which have an arched cross section and which adapt to a matching shape of the receiving grooves of the tooth holder. As shown in Figures 24, 25 and 26, the pin 48, which in the case illustrated has a generally arched shape, but which obviously could also be straight, has the centring and retaining member formed by the resilient block 50 and the metallic block 55, which has at the top and bottom respective additional guiding fins 56 and 57 narrower than the projecting metallic block 55, being housed in grooves of matching shape of the pin 48. Figure 27 shows a section through a horizontal plane of an assembly of tooth 58 and tooth holder 59. In said section can be seen the pin 60, which has incorporated in it the resilient block 61 and the metallic projection 62, the structures of which correspond to those indicated in Figures 24 to 26. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since modifications and structural changes may readily occur to those skilled in the art, the scope of protection being determined by the appended claims.

Claims: Coupling for the teeth of earth-moving machines, of the type comprising: (a) - projecting lugs (3, 4) on the tooth (2) that can be coupled in matching seatings of the tooth-holder (1) and (b) - a transverse seating (5) for a pin (48), (c) - said lugs (3, 4) of the tooth (2) having longitudinally stepped guides (21, 22) on their upper and lower edges, respectively, said stepped guides interacting with corresponding matching profiles in the body of the tooth-holder, said coupling being characterised in that : (d) - an internal projecting abutment (20) is arranged in at least one of said lugs, capable of being guided in the internal part of a corresponding straight guide of the tooth-holder, (e) - said abutment (20) after the mounting of the tooth in the tooth-holder being arranged such as to retain the pin (48), which is disposed in the pin seating (5) provided in a generally vertical arrangement in the body of the tooth-holder, (f) - said stepped guides (21, 22) continue in the area of attack in widened abutment regions (23, 24) to obtain greater reinforcement, said widened abutment regions (23, 24) interacting with matching widened regions in the body of the tooth-holder (1). Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the widened abutment regions (23, 24) have a curved shape. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the widened abutment regions (23, 24) are in the shape of an inclined plane. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the widened abutment regions (23, 24) are in the shape of a straight step. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the lugs (3, 4) of the tooth (2) are gently inclined transversely, their upper and lower edges being in different vertical planes. Coupling according to claim 5, characterized in that the lugs (3, 4) of the tooth (2) have their upper edges arranged further towards the interior of the tooth than their lower edges. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the lugs (3, 4) of the teeth (2) have transversely a flat or curved shape. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight guide or guides (7) of the nose (19) of the tooth holder (1), for the internal abutment or abutments of the lugs (3, 4) of the tooth (2), extend for a length shorter than the total length of said nose of the tooth, in order to obtain greater mechanical strength. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight guide or guides (7) of the nose (19) of the tooth holder (1) for the internal abutment or abutments of the lugs of the tooth extend through as far as the rear end of said nose with its open end. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized by the arrangement of an inlet chamfer (6) in the opening (5) for introduction of the pin (48), in order to improve the mounting and disassembly of the latter. Coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the lateral lugs (3) of the tooth (2) has a transverse aperture (25) for inspecting the coupling of the pin and for assisting the disassembly thereof.

Inventors: FERRER RUIZ RAFAEL, PALLAS MORENO JORGE, PUEYO MOLINA JAVIER, VALLVE I BERTRAN NIL, FERRER RUIZ, RAFAEL, PALLAS MORENO, JORGE, PUEYO MOLINA, JAVIER, VALLVE I BERTRAN, NIL
Applicants: METALOGENIA SA, METALOGENIA, S.A.
Application year: 2000
Main classification: E02F9
IPC codes: E02F9